{"meta":{"query_hash":"6fe801cccdab","filters":{"topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies"},"cohort_total":542,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":542,"exported":542,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/6fe801cccdab","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Advanced+Optical+Sensing+Technologies"},"results":[{"id":"W1213406169","doi":"10.1117/12.2189114","title":"Performance characterization of a pressure-tuned wide-angle Michelson interferometric spectral filter for high spectral resolution lidar","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"LightMachinery (Canada)","funders":"Langley Research Center","keywords":"Optics; Interferometry; Michelson interferometer; Astronomical interferometer; Wavefront sensor; Spectral resolution; Wavefront; Optical path length; Tilt (camera); Absorption (acoustics); Filter (signal processing); Optical filter; Materials science; Interference (communication); Wavelength; Physics; Spectral line; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01342957830046793,"score_gpt":0.22280380028288782,"score_spread":0.2093742219824199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1213406169","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99561757,0.000027601223,0.0016118435,0.0010442047,0.00022439625,0.00067229976,0.00011644005,0.00009323911,0.0005924073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8729084,0.0000107344,0.1264332,0.000015927797,0.00031189513,0.00008270183,0.000034332403,0.00004294496,0.00015983386],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812955,2.6472604e-8,0.00065390696,0.0003524196,0.000458906,0.0004052183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99773407,0.000116770156,0.00050241285,0.00007599572,0.0014783461,0.000092397386],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036998984,0.0002882652,0.00045077284,0.00015552113,0.000057750498,0.000061643244,0.0006411673,0.0001507035,0.000009592658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044274324,0.0002487061,0.00038515308,0.00045141953,0.00022278071,0.0006214522,0.00015749459,0.00025155317,9.820584e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028126247,0.00017605638,0.002638172,0.00027098355,0.0003640521,1.9048061e-8,0.00014112225,0.00017573118,0.6960075,0.29886243,0.0004662448,0.00061645854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001625212,0.0010000664,0.006240238,0.00030800083,0.00023611549,0.0000027002611,0.0005134822,0.041595217,0.9397044,0.0072742878,0.0011051618,0.00039508092],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000112633215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.1524847e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29158813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000120844794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031491683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1421949878","doi":"10.1117/12.2184838","title":"Evaluating the capability of time-of-flight cameras for accurately imaging a cyclically loaded beam","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Beam (structure); Computer science; Robotics; Acoustics; Displacement (psychology); Artificial intelligence; Optics; Computer vision; Materials science; Robot; Physics","score_opus":0.03234570698967963,"score_gpt":0.3001781584578499,"score_spread":0.26783245146817025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1421949878","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99460155,0.000057449302,0.00097335834,0.0023379426,0.00010967373,0.000828963,0.0000774306,0.00006999442,0.00094361126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8062505,0.0000033464135,0.19329134,0.000029535488,0.00020300517,0.00011734505,0.000007847557,0.00004252902,0.000054546184],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99770635,4.3408303e-8,0.0008839337,0.00036918442,0.0006467703,0.00039368783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956221,0.0005417783,0.0006986313,0.000111047346,0.0029322405,0.0000941954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010161018,0.00029739965,0.00053241296,0.000059149657,0.00008006812,0.000054498683,0.0010172878,0.00011006211,0.000007643008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018960454,0.00021211173,0.0006167272,0.0003059339,0.00059498247,0.0003677673,0.00027573243,0.0003053986,8.471228e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016814728,0.00015479917,0.0012097182,0.00018999632,0.00034174896,1.3718284e-8,0.0002866896,0.00074644503,0.6943771,0.30010554,0.00071562186,0.0017041437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018447281,0.0006279039,0.00056236715,0.00034180263,0.0003121429,0.000003860916,0.0030189375,0.11178216,0.83399314,0.046548802,0.00053436094,0.0004298093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029409992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.716825e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25355673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010900774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006885264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8649665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1493386730","doi":"10.1109/icra.2015.7139659","title":"Sensitivity study for object reconstruction using a network of time-of-flight depth sensors","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Object (grammar); Sensitivity (control systems); Real-time computing; Interference (communication); Wireless sensor network; Key (lock); Set (abstract data type); Computer vision; Calibration; Artificial intelligence; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Computer network","score_opus":0.039370809429879736,"score_gpt":0.293948311104839,"score_spread":0.25457750167495924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1493386730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8813989,0.0000036218485,0.11661774,0.000012120316,0.00008407331,0.00031580907,0.000004986063,0.000057912046,0.0015048138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8523107,7.322263e-8,0.14756441,0.0000014130429,0.000071452065,0.000001642972,0.0000016055126,0.000008898566,0.000039768744],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993509,0.000043130523,0.00020740912,0.00015322118,0.00008214031,0.00016318998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992927,0.00016207986,0.00013996988,0.00019116966,0.00018290259,0.000031227602],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021141967,0.00009555407,0.00025561618,0.000025192494,0.000036523375,0.000005448909,0.000037382622,0.000034703917,0.000006534036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060926057,0.00008176223,0.000060702205,0.00015588047,0.000088161374,0.00006974998,0.000051902134,0.000059914535,0.000002039372],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043629896,0.0010119638,0.5404086,0.00003142349,0.0006096836,0.0000049120567,0.0007614182,0.20831174,0.027078666,0.019726576,0.00051372073,0.20110501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004591033,0.0017713954,0.00811251,0.00018815926,0.00046806157,0.000027886152,0.013561339,0.43052933,0.39788154,0.14151858,0.00024686262,0.0011032999],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001502478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014021328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53229606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023119326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003254182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33341667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1529005800","doi":"10.1109/nssmic.2013.6829014","title":"Low dead time digital SPAD readout architecture for realtime small animal PET","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"CMC Microsystems","keywords":"CMOS; Jitter; Detector; Computer science; Discriminator; Electronic engineering; Electronic circuit; Lyso-; Computer hardware; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Scintillator; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.007577766538749226,"score_gpt":0.21779185930577813,"score_spread":0.2102140927670289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1529005800","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.604632,0.000008626225,0.31858617,0.0032762059,0.000050868406,0.001029251,0.00011494708,0.0009070845,0.07139486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8418011,2.0641467e-7,0.15326445,0.000058109432,0.00012718792,0.00003334498,0.000068734276,0.000030510793,0.00461633],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990762,0.0000050365334,0.00016436611,0.00028646627,0.00007106599,0.00039688277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993476,0.00015290723,0.000053525167,0.0002974159,0.000069767855,0.000078754834],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022458547,0.00018464884,0.00019810551,0.000035666235,0.000071840645,0.00012437829,0.00019034153,0.00004309852,0.00034259795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003827987,0.00014255308,0.00009952584,0.000073715375,0.000106771644,0.00014830218,0.000115475785,0.00015688075,0.00081587705],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010944306,0.0003639124,0.0017580414,0.000028504857,0.00014672955,0.000006586705,0.00006815413,0.00023683612,0.020879554,0.15165652,0.012788208,0.8119575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015732448,0.0008455146,0.0015520762,0.00008172197,0.000045909906,0.000015448908,0.00026967976,0.016372215,0.057867642,0.88726926,0.032792322,0.0013149873],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005788682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020533291,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81064254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015957967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015414227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999621},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1531302119","doi":"10.1002/opph.201190040","title":"Kameras für die dritte Dimension","year":2009,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"Optik & Photonik","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Theratechnologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Gynecology; Materials science; Medicine","score_opus":0.008572706934102088,"score_gpt":0.2716671453800178,"score_spread":0.2630944384459157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1531302119","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9063312,0.011741607,0.021122508,0.013308878,0.0033172965,0.0019070293,0.00014921032,0.0017509954,0.04037132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95511717,0.00045233037,0.04160113,0.0006131456,0.0005427219,0.000010701986,0.00009746047,0.00006412455,0.0015012472],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972928,0.00004774963,0.00048993534,0.00082072127,0.00035094985,0.0009978198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982584,0.00012245408,0.00022978078,0.0010496851,0.00011882748,0.00022082184],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000115145085,0.000573191,0.00061986473,0.00010271885,0.00037113912,0.00017031017,0.00044148977,0.00026711947,0.00016218475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004629305,0.0005565513,0.00028243958,0.00030104717,0.00030516493,0.00030451646,0.00023438226,0.0008122817,0.0024516862],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038658272,0.0022874647,0.0009664494,0.000042385676,0.00063332723,0.0003528462,0.0007411263,0.002504757,0.1623854,0.19979393,0.009459951,0.6204458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025939613,0.0016831325,0.0017824589,0.00063974754,0.00056628115,0.000007358824,0.0006302761,0.008050424,0.24453628,0.2344663,0.5023951,0.0026486907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000048129576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019149188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6177971,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013387587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000065991655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1608474212","doi":"10.1109/commad.2004.1577521","title":"Photon Upconversion Devices","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Photon upconversion; Photocurrent; Optoelectronics; Photon; Detector; Diode; Wavelength; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Optics; Doping","score_opus":0.005027992286038731,"score_gpt":0.21673298782881523,"score_spread":0.2117049955427765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1608474212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71344244,0.000009548379,0.039497904,0.00030721372,0.000044795954,0.00004852352,0.0000011108178,0.00026173965,0.24638672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97763884,1.0225562e-7,0.020810405,0.000024312794,0.00004368846,9.26497e-7,0.0000044854783,0.0000037388609,0.0014735028],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99971575,0.0000021504686,0.000053275173,0.00008642646,0.000040138595,0.00010224292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985045,0.00001817062,0.000016263239,0.000093293245,0.000012190496,0.00000964836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000010529468,0.000047328584,0.000047460533,0.000013822167,0.000037364607,0.000011422669,0.00005221412,0.000015308673,0.00037048457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010308744,0.0000372961,0.000022055357,0.0000534219,0.000030245707,0.000056844725,0.00003291554,0.000040521532,0.00013567827],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041890808,0.000065272405,0.07589679,0.000002044243,0.000008285825,0.0000013613615,0.00000393379,0.00008543863,0.007486551,0.8801388,0.0045159985,0.031791337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037059892,0.00003087841,0.010879775,0.000011172071,0.000011666272,4.3589478e-7,0.00026840647,0.0020251817,0.41872743,0.48535898,0.08203064,0.00028483442],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025823037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000047774383,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4112409,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000061197607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002503024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40565464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1627484068","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201525664","title":"Collisional modelling of the AU Microscopii debris disc","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"National Science Council; University of New South Wales; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; European Commission; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; European Research Council; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Debris; Astronomy; Meteorology","score_opus":0.021335545918869082,"score_gpt":0.22904827339914866,"score_spread":0.20771272748027958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1627484068","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49641755,0.000011113042,0.5029609,0.00008863903,0.0000582799,0.00006422786,0.000020649813,0.000012998191,0.00036559638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8161357,2.4685093e-7,0.18368344,0.000005094909,0.00010066417,0.0000033945016,0.000006272528,0.000009871048,0.00005529916],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992792,0.000017247607,0.0001690954,0.00018087284,0.00012167007,0.00023193222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994725,0.00003709323,0.00010932927,0.0002491531,0.000059737475,0.000072162155],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003862126,0.0001389044,0.00017739445,0.000015287076,0.00012168476,0.00002142365,0.00018039656,0.000026624095,0.000004316541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004357822,0.00010025852,0.00007233339,0.00011749108,0.0002684548,0.00012217193,0.00022895426,0.0001601636,0.0000046263094],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009705092,0.00040605207,0.115674786,0.000014985566,0.00018917928,7.6395304e-7,0.0006094457,0.20479248,0.004875683,0.22434491,0.000334882,0.44865978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00726546,0.0010388187,0.017368486,0.0006224884,0.00046424387,0.0000070689284,0.011603755,0.06111619,0.3786549,0.4224435,0.09699819,0.0024169139],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010687487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.083125e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44624287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024969144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008957144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40884238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1631093874","doi":"10.1109/jlt.2015.2477336","title":"Ultrafast Three-Dimensional Serial Time-Encoded Imaging With High Vertical Resolution","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Optics; Waveform; Microwave imaging; Interferometry; Microwave; Ultrashort pulse; Phase (matter); Image resolution; Phase modulation; Materials science; Resolution (logic); Physics; Radar; Phase noise; Computer science; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.00935448911266661,"score_gpt":0.2285441367896783,"score_spread":0.21918964767701168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1631093874","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95348686,0.00005261458,0.039629377,0.0057120454,0.00025063462,0.00009707137,0.0000041174776,0.00019360239,0.0005736658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93613744,4.577319e-7,0.06350948,0.000027233158,0.00026319508,0.0000017978687,0.0000030201834,0.000022186665,0.000035191],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986295,0.0000244999,0.00043661366,0.00020469331,0.00033009407,0.00037459793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883586,0.00007287377,0.00023647174,0.00027833023,0.00045585024,0.00012061241],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019292513,0.00019647248,0.00039231675,0.00028932228,0.00008046783,0.000025961868,0.00030077455,0.00013712891,0.00004967338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012285754,0.00014101563,0.00007034314,0.00038794792,0.0004481354,0.00023549676,0.00012915873,0.0006177337,0.00005680991],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0039598527,0.0016359115,0.10143047,0.000016221364,0.0009845851,0.0011794374,0.00014724444,0.010811293,0.40048313,0.4331994,0.009215274,0.036937185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0059888973,0.0021522972,0.0015782842,0.0002461617,0.00023081977,0.0011733565,0.00038377146,0.0069223223,0.498857,0.4789941,0.0027220827,0.00075092795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012908241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000036365416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09985218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012269101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014382797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57504505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1648472405","doi":"10.1109/im.1999.805340","title":"Bayesian estimation of distance and surface normal with a time-of-flight laser rangefinder","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Calibration; Bayesian probability; Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Measure (data warehouse); Computer vision; Orientation (vector space); Laser; Surface (topology); Mathematics; Optics; Statistics; Engineering; Data mining; Physics","score_opus":0.004160916417400476,"score_gpt":0.20783182910874856,"score_spread":0.20367091269134807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1648472405","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37236068,0.00001121562,0.61737317,0.000050195613,0.0000039054216,0.00005685783,0.0000034430607,0.000021830652,0.010118671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8272516,2.9570995e-7,0.17242713,0.000002885737,0.0000014476303,5.701107e-7,0.0000017536154,0.0000046562186,0.00030966918],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966097,0.000007922805,0.000093829665,0.000089323294,0.000059660008,0.00008829789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997403,0.000044270295,0.00005219147,0.00011726224,0.000028799652,0.000017153487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000028129372,0.00006479222,0.00011467203,0.000011091163,0.000019626184,0.0000044271046,0.000029817827,0.00001902566,0.00007690561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007911792,0.000046708967,0.000012359496,0.00008493114,0.00010889111,0.00007391378,0.000011312964,0.000040779625,0.000002425392],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016954722,0.0003380477,0.124232925,0.00007160056,0.00015439933,0.0000027172302,0.00029467544,0.06201416,0.00561897,0.7692173,0.00026306562,0.037622597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018633268,0.0002659662,0.002826653,0.00011271631,0.00006570681,0.0000028259458,0.00043179217,0.071515255,0.86670536,0.054785278,0.00095141534,0.00047370113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011089855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020004616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86108637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000034392253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008400516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19047365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1880762466","doi":"10.1109/tns.2015.2424852","title":"Implementation Study of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) in &lt;formula formulatype=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;tex Notation=\"TeX\"&gt;$0.8~\\mu\\hbox{m}$&lt;/tex&gt; &lt;/formula&gt; HV CMOS Technology","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Physics; Anode; Single-photon avalanche diode; CMOS; Optoelectronics; Diode; Electrical engineering; Cathode; Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Detector; Engineering","score_opus":0.025076784667693114,"score_gpt":0.2947657067665769,"score_spread":0.26968892209888373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1880762466","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600275,0.000022419821,0.036673825,0.000373192,0.00039092326,0.0011201351,0.000056430174,0.00042737415,0.00090821256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835424,0.0000102581835,0.016139826,0.00004416817,0.00004056237,0.00006210192,0.0000055872,0.00006653883,0.00008859112],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99620146,0.000059994396,0.0009036979,0.00094542565,0.00095240236,0.000936995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978248,0.00014140307,0.00039235872,0.0009812542,0.0004559697,0.00020419716],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057142915,0.00047974798,0.00058208324,0.0009413512,0.0005994785,0.00014545588,0.0009240018,0.00021100258,0.000098112454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057282552,0.00046172002,0.00014686596,0.0026363274,0.0008561815,0.00116953,0.000052846688,0.00055011973,0.00011325207],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005222215,0.0069944547,0.0033814996,0.00006432358,0.00020478573,0.000026062053,0.0068538617,0.10096201,0.6132947,0.037844595,0.00023303692,0.22961843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015847687,0.009554596,0.009335849,0.00045944453,0.00046523043,0.000047444813,0.029678866,0.27331617,0.6200143,0.026514161,0.011149515,0.0036167176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014199757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005716381,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22600172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045059505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020748457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978346},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1896581718","doi":"10.1109/ted.2015.2475126","title":"Afterpulsing Characteristics of Free-Running and Time-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes in 130-nm CMOS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"FedDev Ontario; Canada Foundation for Innovation; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"CMOS; Single-photon avalanche diode; Diode; Photon counting; Optoelectronics; Physics; Avalanche photodiode; Avalanche diode; Pixel; Photon; Materials science; Detector; Optics; Voltage; Breakdown voltage; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.01426501060234125,"score_gpt":0.2419168514138216,"score_spread":0.22765184081148035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1896581718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94231653,0.00006822724,0.05667436,0.000118194854,0.000059715025,0.00015000477,0.000021881126,0.00011233535,0.00047877323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957797,0.0000052974947,0.004070004,0.000018603403,0.000023409933,0.000008623031,0.000006010065,0.000023629493,0.00006472648],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989698,0.000031996467,0.0002852442,0.00025257014,0.00014421168,0.00031620733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994109,0.00009971153,0.00012002621,0.00024289021,0.0000638279,0.00006263856],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101052676,0.00018785824,0.00029884264,0.00014530611,0.00006151936,0.00003559434,0.0001372421,0.000079109115,0.000017297505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008590124,0.00018281414,0.000044583176,0.00026910275,0.0001130191,0.00018790511,0.000003956862,0.00031081686,0.0000081140015],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009611134,0.0020553945,0.032284245,0.0001537427,0.00043661197,0.000026250482,0.0018485861,0.004982791,0.55907977,0.0015078963,0.00007094049,0.39659268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012047059,0.00060114864,0.0023876317,0.00028198678,0.000088974746,0.0000050048648,0.00040471365,0.009723494,0.97988826,0.0045408895,0.0003910754,0.00048211173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011866444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037934264,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42080852,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000675465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030933803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7454944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964088062","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.112.223602","title":"Scalable Spatial Superresolution Using Entangled Photons","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Photon; Interference (communication); Quantum metrology; Visibility; Measure (data warehouse); Optics; Centroid; Quantum; Quantum imaging; Photon counting; Quantum entanglement; Quantum mechanics; Computer science; Quantum network; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01671582288423088,"score_gpt":0.28613314645642507,"score_spread":0.26941732357219417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964088062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7796606,0.00029679044,0.2153104,0.0029322903,0.00011941968,0.00033465694,0.000006006161,0.00018042298,0.0011594077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99205774,0.000026221029,0.0056303823,0.0019181488,0.00031820877,0.000013264562,0.000012293063,0.000019094805,0.0000046306473],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990413,0.00005720381,0.00016948431,0.00025721372,0.0001607005,0.00031409488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994357,0.00009580584,0.00006938489,0.00031312904,0.000023687633,0.0000622589],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007482744,0.0001645594,0.00032379784,0.000019651347,0.000095523144,0.000019948993,0.00015378,0.000008275218,0.000063233354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004736805,0.00014054388,0.00015494862,0.00016355098,0.00012255208,0.00010974778,0.00008571467,0.00018258025,0.00011881391],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024265535,0.00070241187,0.00928832,0.00052741787,0.00016571421,0.0000053752306,0.00007081342,0.0030769617,0.733037,0.06487547,0.005186335,0.1830399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002425938,0.00028752178,0.0037027954,0.0061762305,0.0010330263,0.0000090568,0.000052739677,0.6612908,0.12686637,0.06747177,0.12759943,0.0030842614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012045465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.9316777e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6582139,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041753352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007149206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5731213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965457389","doi":"10.1117/12.531864","title":"Space lidar simulations derived from the GroundWinds New Hampshire and Hawaii instruments","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; McGill University","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Doppler effect; Computer science; Noise (video); Point (geometry); Space technology; Environmental science; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geology; Computer vision","score_opus":0.011313606931855364,"score_gpt":0.2278245556221943,"score_spread":0.21651094869033893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1965457389","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99318033,0.000054952678,0.0004848395,0.0036706182,0.0001276588,0.00037200516,0.00007553205,0.00008051471,0.0019535192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8329899,0.000012253334,0.16657062,0.00005039626,0.0002001496,0.00001926406,0.000007791278,0.000034506167,0.00011517138],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985309,2.089133e-8,0.00041327468,0.00033988457,0.0003834357,0.0003324397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879056,0.00027996436,0.0002526402,0.00007692053,0.0004976055,0.000102317295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016709723,0.00028055883,0.00030122008,0.00003717802,0.00016402456,0.00012853091,0.00055969186,0.00012611842,0.000021406557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041111576,0.00020703049,0.0002848263,0.00024422753,0.00031157155,0.0004418238,0.00017845866,0.00033877927,0.0000012045323],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021173566,0.00005401384,0.004679727,0.00002135993,0.00031967985,2.1730862e-8,0.00015722799,0.00011009501,0.14771974,0.84544045,0.00056717935,0.0009093477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005203531,0.0005351691,0.01629891,0.0007761485,0.0007040997,0.000011921914,0.017731547,0.030163793,0.5296606,0.37553746,0.021793604,0.0015832369],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004641071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.8602798e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.469903,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071224946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003281121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84424585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966853688","doi":"10.1364/oe.19.021305","title":"Nonlinearity in single photon detection: modeling and quantum tomography","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Detector; Physics; Photon; Optics; Quantum optics; Quantum; Quantum imaging; Nonlinear system; Quantum information; Quantum channel; Nonlinear optics; Optoelectronics; Quantum network; Quantum mechanics; Laser","score_opus":0.032552887526740994,"score_gpt":0.24066860468389983,"score_spread":0.20811571715715885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966853688","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8412877,0.00003101466,0.15519732,0.000010006904,0.00005881494,0.00007937749,0.000003977029,0.00007819713,0.003253595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92565066,0.0000035444812,0.074282825,0.000005213678,0.00003028852,0.000006665138,0.0000016328224,0.000011788511,0.0000073674837],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937826,0.000009918431,0.00014360034,0.00020394012,0.000063837884,0.00020044534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996704,0.000024796194,0.000033031956,0.00019901695,0.00003411228,0.00003865911],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044202927,0.00010800897,0.00012718016,0.000066690045,0.000055302542,0.000023761744,0.00008892205,0.0000562742,0.000009998181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011377083,0.00010791988,0.000031092823,0.00013232794,0.00008075295,0.00011468325,0.00009771878,0.00018604544,0.0000020746593],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047041485,0.003617884,0.08299528,0.00012765205,0.00022508657,0.00007178313,0.00469159,0.014697573,0.36452305,0.3390619,0.000015233684,0.18950257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051276805,0.00012517851,0.00038601112,0.000058755504,0.00001732223,0.0000019469894,0.00078920915,0.587762,0.22878636,0.1810824,0.00010196496,0.00037609346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001533459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011187421,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57306445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000090180665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000038147837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4400845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967164096","doi":"10.1063/1.4732813","title":"An ultra low noise telecom wavelength free running single photon detector using negative feedback avalanche diode","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Scientific Instruments","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Jitter; Detector; Photon counting; Photon; Diode; Avalanche diode; Quantum key distribution; Wavelength; Noise (video)","score_opus":0.02370071033585731,"score_gpt":0.2760435715238994,"score_spread":0.2523428611880421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967164096","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996556,0.0004294538,0.0005585716,0.000022782455,0.00057398115,0.00045271486,0.00005769723,0.00007615773,0.0012726429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96060634,0.00007491644,0.0390993,0.000029164587,0.00008531067,0.000008115711,0.000030122623,0.000026313804,0.000040429302],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99803203,0.00005693533,0.0004994867,0.00040677557,0.0003954648,0.00060927816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99841315,0.000046008176,0.00038996062,0.00084527663,0.00015123197,0.00015437983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044837102,0.00025857417,0.00046017606,0.00009403779,0.00027907273,0.000084347936,0.0005123756,0.000056981156,0.00018579308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011878087,0.00022236798,0.00013945125,0.0005607889,0.00040330028,0.00069062493,0.00011839219,0.00022467221,0.000040344625],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000126495715,0.00078192196,0.020164626,0.0010994183,0.00009664536,6.7249755e-7,0.00033470968,0.000009950534,0.42458934,0.0009274315,0.00012749362,0.55185515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051092025,0.00007155273,0.0011861207,0.005185668,0.00009351833,0.000002912126,0.0002884418,0.0015588928,0.9880278,0.0016983516,0.0009446944,0.00043112136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026869886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.9062636e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5634385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118439944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004360503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9067903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968277119","doi":"10.1115/imece2004-59729","title":"Modulation Frequency Analysis of 1-D Semi-Transparent Medium","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Frequency domain; Transient (computer programming); Modulation (music); Slab; Dispersion (optics); Frequency modulation; Physics; Filter (signal processing); Light scattering; Harmonic; Transient response; Optical filter; Radiative transfer; Scattering; Acoustics; Materials science; Radio frequency; Computer science; Mathematics; Telecommunications; Mathematical analysis; Engineering","score_opus":0.017630989900177536,"score_gpt":0.27100808911558616,"score_spread":0.25337709921540863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968277119","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41499993,0.00000532057,0.5816798,0.00025277978,0.000017845474,0.000033950575,0.0000065429645,0.00009919899,0.0029045925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9624623,7.9908784e-7,0.03747396,0.000006740015,0.000012931597,0.0000016134152,0.000020704087,0.0000050086364,0.000015913398],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954456,0.0000033757312,0.00014836609,0.00011263847,0.00009218362,0.000098857345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997018,0.00001785906,0.000044870285,0.00017644648,0.000038717102,0.00002030513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000021279262,0.00006118422,0.00015005762,0.0000850964,0.00001993862,0.0000038405065,0.00006923355,0.000024476367,0.00009784055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000522535,0.000050514307,0.00008335017,0.00045174063,0.000050499104,0.00005540459,0.000013367351,0.000048849728,0.0000054225366],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031686623,0.00012052654,0.081211165,0.0000029762605,0.00060162914,5.5740355e-7,0.000084662584,0.28389198,0.020479137,0.60405403,0.000005450472,0.009544729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004389559,0.00005132415,0.15062095,0.000016550946,0.00060366135,7.852556e-8,0.0002489177,0.011239402,0.16448039,0.67202216,0.00003379631,0.00024378789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002540057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027259952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5474624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018904651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000100597035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20599136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968454093","doi":"10.1063/1.3577042","title":"Omnifocus video camera","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Scientific Instruments","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Camera auto-calibration; Artificial intelligence; Video camera; Focus (optics); Three-CCD camera; Pixel; Computer graphics (images); Smart camera; Camera resectioning; Video tracking; Video capture; Video processing; Camera matrix; Pinhole camera model","score_opus":0.027134538907984524,"score_gpt":0.2681366152997641,"score_spread":0.2410020763917796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968454093","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8900214,0.0021080878,0.00084588345,0.00016316687,0.0011044992,0.00063655304,0.000044491928,0.00013360313,0.10494233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98148906,0.0002463641,0.017756624,0.000039622395,0.0000150463375,0.000007858693,0.000010933982,0.000008140356,0.0004263189],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989943,0.000017270098,0.00030994328,0.0002499815,0.00021014188,0.00021838996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992203,0.000009353842,0.00017063112,0.00045785136,0.00009489307,0.00004693915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021475105,0.00010775357,0.00023283585,0.000052554522,0.00009190752,0.000016174197,0.0002912875,0.000019836005,0.0008391833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003185836,0.000086631684,0.000094486415,0.00035046707,0.00033415217,0.00014598951,0.00013409302,0.000089377274,0.00019273894],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000020862808,0.000109857065,0.005675966,0.00036343146,0.000029020792,6.7454505e-7,0.000037275197,4.5073506e-8,0.0010738943,0.04052601,0.0009017125,0.95128006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013649758,0.0002627726,0.00752313,0.023431396,0.0003116858,0.000008332036,0.00041564455,0.00021436841,0.56762236,0.21246682,0.18496959,0.0014089134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022921868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.6500183e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9498711,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015281239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002710442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91884685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968851737","doi":"10.1117/12.498560","title":"&lt;title&gt;Development of a compact high-resolution 3D laser range imaging system&lt;/title&gt;","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Lidar; Rendezvous; Point cloud; Remote sensing; Laser scanning; Scanner; Computer vision; High resolution; Artificial intelligence; Stereo imaging; Image resolution; Laser; Aerospace engineering; Optics; Spacecraft; Geology; Engineering","score_opus":0.00875177703869063,"score_gpt":0.21763751222973327,"score_spread":0.20888573519104264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968851737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9558248,0.00008360238,0.0010262718,0.000258566,0.00020816087,0.0002380111,0.000025538251,0.000100005236,0.04223506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81808245,0.0000050216495,0.18144596,0.00000895845,0.0001193232,0.000016817501,0.0000053663125,0.000029758017,0.0002863709],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989431,1.790946e-8,0.00035212262,0.00018310682,0.0003006498,0.00022098415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991914,0.00004551283,0.00019535111,0.00004478337,0.00047774552,0.00004519077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020452106,0.0001660443,0.00024840827,0.000055222696,0.0000489339,0.000028327564,0.00028595544,0.00006602449,0.000049990198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000086689775,0.0001395413,0.00020220816,0.00015173409,0.00012552155,0.00013840394,0.00005866895,0.00014652086,0.000012704402],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011955197,0.000053222328,0.00021837535,0.00014143971,0.00015408391,4.48404e-8,0.0000391269,0.000085737425,0.077109456,0.9177523,0.0033406892,0.0010935307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037865327,0.00029243625,0.0024585114,0.0021047404,0.0005276823,0.00002226467,0.002535367,0.09686965,0.66898954,0.02066892,0.19991894,0.0018254209],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000023396742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1000158e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8970834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010896038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025006108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5690329},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970075513","doi":"10.1109/newcas.2012.6329027","title":"Premature edge breakdown prevention techniques in CMOS APD fabrication","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Health Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Miniaturization; Fabrication; CMOS; Guard (computer science); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Electronic engineering; Detector; Materials science; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.011632339301283523,"score_gpt":0.27940656960343807,"score_spread":0.2677742303021545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970075513","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22394896,0.00011632316,0.6462564,0.0008277572,0.00015211044,0.0008670019,0.0000045132297,0.0011427947,0.12668417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92485553,0.0000013317025,0.0742207,0.000015007433,0.00010876184,0.000029157423,0.000012847576,0.00000799768,0.00074863463],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948686,0.000014462904,0.00012509414,0.00011224001,0.000060478615,0.00020087161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968594,0.000023712108,0.000046056815,0.00019069464,0.000027827422,0.000025739162],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007278298,0.00008237253,0.0000907405,0.00004616027,0.00002638563,0.000012146093,0.00007999235,0.000061926236,0.00008900276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001768592,0.00006887514,0.00003142064,0.00015650113,0.000029668383,0.00026187114,0.000054873188,0.00013619315,0.00003637265],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000823045,0.0003832262,0.08879806,0.000009618912,0.0000130541275,1.4804988e-7,0.00009999556,0.0000063801012,0.009507347,0.30112505,0.001762533,0.59828633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003691331,0.00008011012,0.0756562,0.0001217739,0.000025374224,0.0000020784316,0.0005005605,0.00039527702,0.57502556,0.32090142,0.02635415,0.00056837907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024962634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021431824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7009066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030045485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000056546123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28086466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970936914","doi":"10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925296","title":"Afterpulse background suppression in time-correlated single photon counting lifetime experiments using optimized gate filter","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Photon counting; Avalanche photodiode; Optoelectronics; Single-photon avalanche diode; Materials science; Avalanche diode; Diode; Multivibrator; Photodetector; Laser; Optics; Detector; Physics; Voltage; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.019272245282225577,"score_gpt":0.2673662073289587,"score_spread":0.24809396204673315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1970936914","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.949758,0.000009913141,0.042728864,0.00003671603,0.00015118497,0.00021637102,0.0000028215372,0.0002033583,0.0068927826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91185653,2.953726e-7,0.08714362,0.00005120728,0.00004968783,0.000007755873,0.000021948199,0.00003562306,0.0008333403],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858344,0.000059585876,0.00034441272,0.0003895309,0.00018187512,0.00044114937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992879,0.00013211704,0.000114411756,0.00036329724,0.00004027888,0.00006198708],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014492786,0.0002382181,0.00030962584,0.00009012615,0.00009246998,0.00010650634,0.00020519565,0.000107895445,0.001158032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029859155,0.00020878653,0.000067084795,0.00018572132,0.000085679756,0.00028314363,0.0002526562,0.00022500774,0.00015804706],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031566157,0.00071771786,0.009885747,0.000012100895,0.00006565821,0.000009060805,0.00020770502,0.01560148,0.9644445,0.0008359412,0.00034021816,0.0075642173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024612232,0.00008103013,0.000366751,0.00025597072,0.00002358916,0.0000018612344,0.00018490524,0.5805489,0.4113499,0.0033979372,0.00075460866,0.00057331653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014453668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.8908614e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5649474,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000074889474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009161007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971994138","doi":"10.1117/12.930960","title":"Latest developments in active remote sensing at INO","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Hyperspectral imaging; Multispectral image; Materials science; Environmental science; Optics; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.01228478071740253,"score_gpt":0.23722454140241142,"score_spread":0.2249397606850089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971994138","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99310917,0.000028681385,0.00013551833,0.00089161727,0.00017040898,0.00034491572,0.000019733356,0.0000858088,0.005214137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7347608,0.000008979052,0.2648468,0.0000291475,0.0001918203,0.0000073558995,0.0000061697224,0.000037827143,0.00011109137],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982088,1.1115885e-8,0.000526221,0.00029588214,0.00040819065,0.00056090107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987711,0.00015444016,0.00029855405,0.000053609845,0.0006184562,0.00010385257],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031156943,0.00029119008,0.0003649092,0.000094801515,0.00008241833,0.000042849486,0.00048022365,0.00014781454,0.000008902767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030186403,0.00025216973,0.0002955972,0.00033925122,0.00021227186,0.00054317736,0.0003460226,0.00036472286,0.0000039611414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010742684,0.00013655453,0.008443396,0.00012578815,0.00038422825,9.986756e-8,0.0004590259,0.00008712963,0.4735389,0.5067983,0.0006080394,0.009311113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002129431,0.00017895747,0.016455863,0.0007537452,0.00015637121,0.000016540273,0.0035202035,0.022721881,0.930513,0.015240527,0.007291543,0.0010218859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021774431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1172558e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49155778,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030107374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019078596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972611177","doi":"10.1118/1.2965935","title":"Poster - Thurs Eve-16: Just-in-time tomography (JiTT)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cone beam computed tomography; Image-guided radiation therapy; Radiation therapy; Medical physics; Medical imaging; Nuclear medicine; Computer science; Medicine; Computer vision; Computed tomography; Artificial intelligence; Radiology","score_opus":0.01395478886356999,"score_gpt":0.25057917601516244,"score_spread":0.23662438715159245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972611177","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9461296,0.000059407168,0.017766824,0.001760179,0.00017636959,0.00021114424,0.000010505303,0.00036677226,0.03351918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998357,0.0000053592366,0.0004943429,0.00042932434,0.00036970965,0.000009454238,0.000022627006,0.00002602471,0.00028617962],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984157,0.000024357665,0.0002447571,0.00030859877,0.00055349263,0.0004530759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992422,0.00014316902,0.00005630791,0.0003591258,0.000038456674,0.00016076113],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000082796214,0.00020140749,0.00029804997,0.000047243513,0.00009327205,0.000013379378,0.0003747577,0.000109879686,0.00039338053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049096005,0.00017278768,0.00013770533,0.00042080847,0.0004795474,0.00012567457,0.0001825505,0.00050462235,0.00030346535],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001034388,0.002497513,0.63137096,0.000035967594,0.00023670912,0.00031749223,0.0006940639,0.000060716186,0.0008058528,0.048011124,0.025394466,0.2904717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006084736,0.00042704816,0.0850141,0.00052276545,0.00012303743,0.00003908796,0.0002396577,0.0016047789,0.05981269,0.82199335,0.021336965,0.0028017638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003364582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.561958e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7739822,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034338773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005265856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7046077},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975590976","doi":"10.1117/12.843286","title":"Optical imaging of structures within highly scattering material using an incoherent beam and a spatial filter","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Collimated light; Physics; Imaging phantom; Scattering; Photon; Beam divergence; Angular resolution (graph drawing); Collimator; Pinhole (optics); Beam diameter; Laser","score_opus":0.008958268667153983,"score_gpt":0.23345698519653083,"score_spread":0.22449871652937683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1975590976","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99800885,0.000007160445,0.0005527126,0.00038704413,0.00035241537,0.0003248333,0.000062924366,0.00007440038,0.00022968453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76426023,0.0000012347768,0.23528221,0.000013334654,0.00037524718,0.000017509521,0.0000062092495,0.000039029917,0.0000050020476],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982266,1.8119723e-8,0.00063012785,0.00038240282,0.00040871964,0.00035216077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986629,0.00007448784,0.00038029236,0.00008028993,0.0006912831,0.00011077628],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026136456,0.00031123334,0.00041946225,0.00008500667,0.000090647634,0.00013070724,0.00058810745,0.00013429752,0.000017636708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016175976,0.00025788526,0.0002458195,0.0001338583,0.0005816663,0.0005113342,0.0003408152,0.00041421488,1.814984e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005972126,0.000068722875,0.0020730195,0.00010599878,0.00012232662,5.6646766e-8,0.00009265466,0.00016044924,0.72661346,0.2697094,0.000021879607,0.0009722851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006638322,0.00015455758,0.0018845097,0.00015528512,0.000117550764,0.000012702448,0.00078627514,0.03906719,0.9433815,0.013389281,0.00005992806,0.0003273847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000798075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.1977605e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25632012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043288303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022996239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977278611","doi":"10.1103/physreva.81.013808","title":"Limits of heralded single-photon sources based on parametric photon-pair generation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review A","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Photon; Parametric statistics; Spontaneous parametric down-conversion; Single-photon source; Physics; Quality (philosophy); Photon statistics; Statistical physics; Computational physics; Quantum mechanics; Statistics; Mathematics; Quantum","score_opus":0.032891638507153924,"score_gpt":0.3048449280137576,"score_spread":0.2719532895066037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977278611","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99414384,0.00030044818,0.0026877092,0.00059661013,0.00008047417,0.00041040577,0.0000074516834,0.00010913245,0.0016639119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924276,0.00002878761,0.0069835307,0.0002870365,0.00018311602,0.000035250734,0.000017366378,0.00001960504,0.000017729824],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989928,0.0000394945,0.00024521016,0.00028191262,0.00022434835,0.00021623676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989531,0.0002726542,0.00017521849,0.0004526711,0.00008454831,0.00006178086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008765504,0.00018789228,0.00041882502,0.000053321415,0.000051856503,0.00001812869,0.00017717616,0.000034805416,0.000054493496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000249704,0.00014660227,0.00020014796,0.0004741929,0.00011356979,0.00006785335,0.000030478268,0.00032093507,0.000037694856],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027500386,0.0023282298,0.0020391045,0.0003873247,0.00005494612,0.000001979209,0.000025594269,0.00048176345,0.59215957,0.071620025,0.00075338146,0.33012056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039280325,0.00039387014,0.0003737487,0.00062837364,0.00009385979,2.9522874e-7,0.000005607193,0.043480434,0.9203396,0.023884607,0.010028885,0.0003779141],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017047138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010222797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32974264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000139702515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019932711,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59782666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981014019","doi":"10.1364/sof.2011.somb2","title":"Fiber-based Synchronized Programmable Laser system for Biomedical, industrial and defense applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Genia Photonics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber laser; Laser; Simple programmable logic device; Materials science; Picosecond; Programmable logic device; Computer science; Laser power scaling; Wavelength; Optics; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Computer hardware; Engineering; Logic gate; Physics","score_opus":0.03816968766049014,"score_gpt":0.25030998339105415,"score_spread":0.212140295730564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981014019","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.030030169,0.000018252804,0.95395535,0.0002124427,0.00006479776,0.002071737,0.00006307597,0.0008196166,0.012764531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7953908,1.10553906e-7,0.20382087,0.000008131997,0.00008155322,0.0004431272,0.00002962884,0.000012967655,0.00021280913],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934244,0.000008650357,0.00015422248,0.00020864588,0.000060326623,0.00022571711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995166,0.00009849784,0.000054011583,0.00021111968,0.000045286582,0.0000744791],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006313746,0.00010396044,0.00014546174,0.000036188,0.00011281939,0.000024477256,0.00008773678,0.00007942709,0.00006711161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013281458,0.000082513776,0.000042061078,0.00012770899,0.00017908443,0.00004126153,0.00004027796,0.00008451026,0.000026007185],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020487898,0.00065782154,0.0019802544,0.00010080962,0.0001583923,0.000002028325,0.000035385863,0.000017994915,0.00048219584,0.36716878,0.0027479085,0.62644356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.019666975,0.0016390077,0.00009025548,0.00030694404,0.0005659061,0.0000066881025,0.0027787483,0.02155198,0.16829304,0.10250283,0.680596,0.0020016371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046144727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.273151e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76536065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000205977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036109166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33648142},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982154742","doi":"10.1117/12.2002141","title":"Waveguide integrated silicon avalanche photodetectors","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; McMaster University","funders":"CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Photodetector; Silicon; Waveguide; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Silicon photonics; Avalanche breakdown; Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Detector; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Breakdown voltage; Voltage","score_opus":0.008895367246181144,"score_gpt":0.22020400901566212,"score_spread":0.21130864176948097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982154742","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913708,0.00003040822,0.00017534828,0.0014912749,0.00017548577,0.00064090797,0.000036491234,0.00020311204,0.005876176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8590049,0.000012226878,0.14012852,0.000056418467,0.0002699473,0.00017654253,0.0000110764595,0.00006408528,0.00027625717],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979592,1.0219144e-8,0.00066213124,0.00041378447,0.00047071767,0.00049417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978372,0.00017199546,0.0003512229,0.000085732274,0.0014351847,0.00011868407],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002491101,0.00037042366,0.00045039147,0.00008764635,0.00008668538,0.00013065741,0.0009162854,0.00017711137,0.00008922129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037024196,0.00028645853,0.0005849086,0.00032197987,0.00035192296,0.00054087635,0.00022620097,0.00046205448,0.000011235111],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021046077,0.0000813804,0.0010290924,0.00007097127,0.0002897505,2.425286e-8,0.000057744943,0.0000545781,0.61739826,0.37703124,0.0025264453,0.0014394883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010211794,0.00027022933,0.0011416364,0.00026584268,0.00013299346,0.0000044973317,0.002731827,0.049674056,0.917519,0.022450712,0.0042028925,0.0005851419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006181459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.110627e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35458052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012438117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025279896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984039196","doi":"10.1145/2601097.2601103","title":"Temporal frequency probing for 5D transient analysis of global light transport","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Projector; Transient (computer programming); Computer science; Computer vision; Reflection (computer programming); Wavefront; Global illumination; Artificial intelligence; Computational photography; Optics; Physics; Image (mathematics); Image processing","score_opus":0.016076702456790066,"score_gpt":0.2609627144453149,"score_spread":0.2448860119885248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984039196","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1551351,0.0000075869857,0.8430805,0.0007598199,0.00006908847,0.0002267175,0.00019676231,0.00011531943,0.00040910507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94864523,0.000002618949,0.05121747,0.000030548905,0.00001467158,0.00003692547,0.000030513178,0.000013507536,0.000008492232],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889296,0.000017822358,0.00033596056,0.00029870117,0.0002016105,0.0002529687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904686,0.00011072256,0.00009367128,0.0005490113,0.00014159568,0.0000581148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012928467,0.00017870887,0.00035278717,0.00017853931,0.0001480107,0.000008833979,0.00026256457,0.000093896866,0.000024023147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011984732,0.00016601008,0.0005092478,0.0013524824,0.00012623513,0.00008997973,0.0000016735721,0.00017059404,9.756943e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023239102,0.0019907535,0.07765795,0.00010961224,0.0056536137,0.0000017321898,0.00056286436,0.0468311,0.0058895065,0.7347981,0.00004202959,0.12623039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033488711,0.0015294966,0.031283464,0.00018168919,0.009464408,0.000001632566,0.0007583341,0.023910712,0.03934572,0.8827428,0.0057228226,0.0017100272],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000119228906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018589561,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79351014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027229535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67696947},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984311762","doi":"10.1117/12.930614","title":"Highly validated atmospheric water vapor vertical profiles using Raman lidar technique","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Water vapor; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Raman spectroscopy; Atmospheric model; Atmospheric sciences; Materials science; Meteorology; Geology; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.012014529578320112,"score_gpt":0.23670676024946735,"score_spread":0.22469223067114724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984311762","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99508214,0.000039659262,0.0017080939,0.0008407916,0.00020735519,0.0007184614,0.000025781139,0.0002255826,0.001152146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6671846,0.000004408564,0.33219016,0.000023182643,0.000368955,0.00010746227,0.000009654158,0.00006065378,0.000050953306],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99765635,2.51519e-8,0.0006710857,0.00037310395,0.00053169404,0.0007677297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984914,0.000101027734,0.00019625167,0.000091908645,0.0009587737,0.0001606519],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004356959,0.00039963544,0.00047755183,0.000041556777,0.00012692364,0.00010005187,0.0007730733,0.0002281102,0.00003150219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020375807,0.00028982272,0.00053587003,0.0003074678,0.0003756734,0.00072186685,0.00035126717,0.00045147332,0.0000043536434],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004034984,0.00015238496,0.0018467641,0.000099904406,0.00025110485,4.6805233e-8,0.000071567,0.00006368391,0.6405523,0.35645592,0.00023744331,0.00022852412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053306884,0.00014588553,0.00034524282,0.0001768659,0.00017589256,0.00000895271,0.00065213424,0.010560633,0.97954226,0.005481647,0.0019594405,0.00041797836],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015654816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.3235975e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35097426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017312587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002333799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984534875","doi":"10.1109/icves.2012.6294298","title":"The effect of Time-of-Flight camera integration time on vehicle driver head pose tracking accuracy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Torso; Computer vision; Orientation (vector space); Computer science; Distraction; Artificial intelligence; Advanced driver assistance systems; Head (geology); Head-up display; Tracking (education); Position (finance); Compensation (psychology); Simulation","score_opus":0.008821721913767835,"score_gpt":0.27398866847611325,"score_spread":0.2651669465623454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984534875","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98810965,0.000019856565,0.004345032,0.00021305925,0.000057889683,0.00016687441,0.000002980899,0.000061697676,0.007022988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977177,0.0000012000733,0.0018341461,0.0000068257336,0.000062259336,0.0000030942522,0.000004618157,0.000009276324,0.0003609063],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994355,0.00004242386,0.00015332122,0.00008718361,0.00009904392,0.00018253275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987434,0.00086750736,0.00009699204,0.00023012026,0.000037533857,0.000024423869],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012435458,0.000101356345,0.00015002587,0.000022275413,0.00007103341,0.000011608095,0.00011787152,0.00003502389,0.000097787204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010735635,0.000056533107,0.00006302065,0.000109487424,0.0001017867,0.00015713103,0.000044929475,0.00012640326,0.00014186346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092293674,0.000111000525,0.013337028,0.000004715823,0.00005757674,1.10012735e-7,0.00014878206,0.00011949866,0.20840544,0.036276218,0.0004909999,0.74095637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022404605,0.00024963633,0.0029729658,0.000033970944,0.000018256571,1.2374166e-7,0.00003499783,0.0020215611,0.99174726,0.0020005188,0.00060820696,0.00008843157],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028282097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.515342e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7833418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014903204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000045603756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23053531},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990780152","doi":"10.1117/12.889191","title":"Use of 3D range cameras for structural deformation measurement","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Scanner; Deformation (meteorology); Deflection (physics); Accuracy and precision; Deformation monitoring; Range (aeronautics); Optics; Beam (structure); Image resolution; Observational error; Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03173397927184666,"score_gpt":0.23328257962654345,"score_spread":0.2015486003546968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990780152","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99678236,0.000027385295,0.0013639878,0.00027992637,0.00013974405,0.0006392134,0.00007486625,0.00007106147,0.0006214804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6671746,0.000006215367,0.33257017,0.000014256465,0.000109297274,0.00007341063,0.0000056506233,0.000028053202,0.000018364562],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983129,9.961591e-9,0.0006153371,0.00024555385,0.000507738,0.00031848444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971228,0.000091206784,0.00045650388,0.00006072373,0.0022073695,0.00006139812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031136748,0.00024846612,0.00036064282,0.00007069303,0.00006900684,0.000042977288,0.0005115635,0.000111547066,0.00001062032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038888628,0.00019836269,0.00044891454,0.00017587806,0.000236685,0.0006608267,0.0001222848,0.00018867827,4.7080553e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014410945,0.00008294807,0.0017841883,0.00024499843,0.00044326962,1.0887836e-8,0.00026590523,0.0001052373,0.23626702,0.757791,0.0004859866,0.0023853532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002208554,0.0007357365,0.004544642,0.00054398336,0.00044093656,0.000004651894,0.0024969077,0.059230868,0.88682395,0.040397514,0.0018238703,0.0007483564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029813475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.449458e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71739346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000109129374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002071786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8088996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991440078","doi":"10.1109/ccece.2014.6901060","title":"Veillance flux, vixels, veillons: An information-bearing extramissive formulation of sensing, to measure surveillance and sousveillance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Context (archaeology); Variety (cybernetics); Field (mathematics); Modalities; Data science; Focus (optics); Prefix; Social media; Cloud computing; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web; Geography; Linguistics; Sociology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008219338128295764,"score_gpt":0.23271742948863444,"score_spread":0.2244980913603387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991440078","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5048008,0.000017759688,0.48613322,0.00027501257,0.00007066463,0.00024928697,0.000012032439,0.00021744584,0.008223808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94568145,0.0000014514246,0.054097816,0.00007627723,0.000059010978,0.0000025318532,0.000024079336,0.000013015509,0.00004433725],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900013,0.000030039399,0.00028756974,0.00022069791,0.00018783896,0.0002736995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990146,0.00012543157,0.00015826266,0.00037405916,0.00022545212,0.000102165795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018228155,0.00017622355,0.00027136877,0.00008333158,0.00011575087,0.000054234853,0.00012590362,0.000064557076,0.000014634385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018644286,0.00016074402,0.000034210694,0.00020125609,0.000070193906,0.00043851303,0.00008699941,0.00011986666,0.000014489151],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007599175,0.000049543407,0.07667618,0.00004779645,0.000057911046,4.1047562e-7,0.00072952354,0.007304981,0.017053088,0.14887594,0.00025162598,0.748877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004617862,0.0015313838,0.26575947,0.00051390077,0.000048025144,0.000021327327,0.0038990849,0.380378,0.12545261,0.16600817,0.048227016,0.0035431357],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006411693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019422472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74533385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019616886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016226932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65549505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992623846","doi":"10.1109/sbec.2013.39","title":"On-Chip Single Photon Counting Electronic Circuitry Dedicated to Real-Time Brain Imaging Applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Preamplifier; Photon counting; Avalanche photodiode; CMOS; Chip; Detector; Sensitivity (control systems); Reset (finance); Electronic circuit; Single-photon avalanche diode; Photodetector; Photodiode; Power consumption; Power (physics); Computer science; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Electronic engineering; Optics; Engineering; Amplifier","score_opus":0.00542766472083691,"score_gpt":0.22891097339475824,"score_spread":0.22348330867392133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1992623846","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54551595,0.000008437903,0.3071962,0.006185971,0.000024060158,0.0009911994,0.0000057560915,0.0012076048,0.1388648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892909,4.0009405e-7,0.00898975,0.0004923022,0.0000639317,0.00013767237,0.0000225896,0.00003132148,0.00097112404],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987302,0.00001231646,0.00019041049,0.00034503572,0.00012721619,0.00059486524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991582,0.00022406697,0.00006387225,0.00039491526,0.00007304765,0.00008587713],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000075268756,0.0001604932,0.00015243977,0.0000757207,0.0001670731,0.00008046793,0.00022047666,0.00003491027,0.00065313687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003860432,0.0001501746,0.000046281322,0.00031436927,0.000066738714,0.00012067547,0.00009440196,0.00020714146,0.0016841274],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000038986645,0.00020016391,0.0016447606,0.0000037671468,0.000034079767,4.3403548e-7,0.000028039503,0.00013237735,0.5847357,0.31936997,0.008023186,0.08582361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052841083,0.0001289108,0.0009814731,0.000054587184,0.000025674994,0.0000024114393,0.0003705727,0.010027414,0.15291548,0.82288724,0.011256047,0.00082177925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033599188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022995948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50351727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000098601486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029723387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995524908","doi":"10.1117/12.2029829","title":"Investigation of synthetic aperture ladar for land surveillance applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.00901139822361658,"score_gpt":0.2151039886905709,"score_spread":0.20609259046695433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995524908","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928607,0.00003874776,0.0018479051,0.0032092908,0.00005369856,0.0009766698,0.000096969925,0.00007740191,0.0008386265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7781732,0.000010863406,0.22102262,0.00003637148,0.00017724257,0.00044877938,0.000019267145,0.000036523437,0.00007509255],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986691,1.0675989e-8,0.000490079,0.00028026878,0.00029383012,0.00026670782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99768233,0.00034979728,0.000358892,0.0000688812,0.0014729195,0.00006715559],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002107512,0.00021325404,0.0003335949,0.000053824348,0.000067346766,0.000049779603,0.00055999047,0.00012092435,0.000010458468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031011016,0.00017295241,0.00035375007,0.00022945857,0.00030633746,0.00029581747,0.000102855905,0.00018226878,0.0000015275018],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016386583,0.000040534942,0.004307117,0.00021687747,0.00018189741,2.4470652e-9,0.000040050152,0.000066164335,0.37778875,0.61569345,0.0008608271,0.00078792305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024209435,0.00057680014,0.008340647,0.0006290723,0.00026580918,0.000005215476,0.0023698567,0.072498895,0.6768643,0.22410071,0.01085199,0.001075719],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016503172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.4691906e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39159274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048384405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019391637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70527947},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996587490","doi":"10.1117/12.882930","title":"Ultra-high-intensity 1550-nm single junction pulsed laser diodes","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laserax (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Diode; Optics; Semiconductor laser theory; Beam divergence; Laser diode; Collimated light; Laser power scaling; Laser beam quality; Physics; Laser beams","score_opus":0.015008264193030264,"score_gpt":0.21198533155949845,"score_spread":0.1969770673664682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996587490","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99056506,0.000015998494,0.0006223712,0.00080529036,0.00034745727,0.00038729532,0.000033993616,0.00021122719,0.0070112846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8706343,0.000008043459,0.12868734,0.00004802606,0.0003212516,0.000052479685,0.000010005984,0.000052443705,0.00018607029],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99801904,1.28586475e-8,0.00058646145,0.00044399512,0.0004769736,0.00047352133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99780726,0.00010007742,0.00035990073,0.00008976418,0.0015324804,0.000110536675],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002683587,0.00035921665,0.00047123982,0.00008568901,0.000113621434,0.00007768603,0.000729403,0.00017957797,0.00003997197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003320827,0.0002975565,0.0005640782,0.00030977392,0.0004013545,0.0005854833,0.00016344702,0.00039929186,0.000004993941],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012750816,0.0002649846,0.0015359095,0.000084393774,0.00038227392,8.9824425e-8,0.0001256273,0.00005193195,0.49997485,0.49534833,0.001131528,0.00097257673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008903136,0.00038268804,0.0019004209,0.00018645398,0.00018277812,0.0000064057895,0.0016916008,0.0032150205,0.962106,0.027962854,0.0010245215,0.0004509539],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005095375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.9170902e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46738547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121527206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016608888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996599356","doi":"10.1117/12.734050","title":"New ultra fast x-ray streak camera for the advanced laser light source facility","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Streak camera; Ultrashort pulse; Optics; Laser; Streak; Femtosecond; Picosecond; Physics; Image resolution; Detector; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.007607112303508945,"score_gpt":0.22723307065092746,"score_spread":0.21962595834741852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996599356","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97422177,0.0000614882,0.018958952,0.0038787108,0.00021272774,0.0008460565,0.000097752265,0.00016101908,0.0015615373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7125696,0.00001726345,0.28580356,0.00007658933,0.00059348467,0.00010277719,0.000014416855,0.0000617906,0.0007605166],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99778974,1.0799194e-8,0.0006560268,0.00044566023,0.0005119075,0.00059663324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776566,0.00051261624,0.0003659623,0.00010755871,0.001107258,0.00014095599],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005054824,0.00037451382,0.00041164216,0.000058284753,0.00017620972,0.0001051101,0.0010319647,0.00016037094,0.000017728375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047150487,0.00026531957,0.0006994381,0.00030368599,0.00026898528,0.00040542753,0.00015414435,0.0004274838,0.0000022708116],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022574306,0.0001439635,0.0009092295,0.0001428528,0.0006387228,4.421531e-8,0.00026358847,0.0012653042,0.45353743,0.51339906,0.0029072193,0.026566857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00273368,0.00051682256,0.0014477173,0.00027979183,0.00035754105,0.000004709689,0.009394565,0.012465269,0.89505786,0.014382246,0.062469672,0.000890106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025884558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.2415786e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4990168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119081575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033066775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999799},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998834357","doi":"10.1117/12.883287","title":"Baseline processing pipeline for fast automatic target detection and recognition in airborne 3D ladar imagery","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Pipeline (software); Automatic target recognition; Context (archaeology); Artificial intelligence; Lidar; Segmentation; Computer vision; Baseline (sea); Pattern recognition (psychology); Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar","score_opus":0.013329615337943005,"score_gpt":0.22377573884795493,"score_spread":0.21044612351001193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998834357","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876085,0.000047585236,0.01037117,0.0004248641,0.00008540171,0.0006130433,0.000056982153,0.00013159482,0.00066087005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5589132,0.000008841133,0.44069472,0.000021070608,0.00016062695,0.00012839117,0.000010150189,0.000036860598,0.000026176198],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842346,2.1611282e-8,0.0006120681,0.00036075024,0.00025612517,0.00034755125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984453,0.00013460436,0.0003369416,0.000042823813,0.00097399036,0.0000663479],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005091971,0.00026650866,0.00036026156,0.00011801635,0.00007776828,0.000058815698,0.00027238086,0.00013021326,0.000011295391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048090355,0.0002327069,0.00023463443,0.00027749213,0.00021695456,0.0005846239,0.0001086865,0.00027235548,6.4435994e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003831858,0.00064609275,0.0014456068,0.0015427682,0.0003589184,2.5809118e-7,0.0007326234,0.00014522312,0.680485,0.13234149,0.0004373304,0.18148147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017906537,0.00031447533,0.0011276887,0.00067245803,0.00016384998,0.00000867682,0.0023418418,0.5946837,0.35963535,0.038369764,0.00034951535,0.0005420121],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016088208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.850281e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5945385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007813545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019489113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9489511},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002264265","doi":"10.1117/12.817411","title":"Neural-network calibration of a multiple-line laser-camera range sensor for 3D surface-geometry measurement","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Calibration; Computer vision; Camera resectioning; Artificial neural network; Computer science; Projection (relational algebra); Laser; Structured-light 3D scanner; Line (geometry); Surface (topology); Geometry; Optics; Mathematics; Physics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.02214768856222088,"score_gpt":0.2320222752609098,"score_spread":0.20987458669868891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002264265","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934512,0.000071336966,0.0037714716,0.0012559089,0.00017416419,0.00083821197,0.00011134344,0.00011355038,0.00021285113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67036015,0.000018055567,0.32911,0.0000264356,0.00032145303,0.00006291263,0.000011412874,0.0000443884,0.000045197667],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977148,2.7504587e-8,0.0007653262,0.0003787916,0.0006919558,0.00044909838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99698055,0.0002836352,0.00050718564,0.000079858866,0.0020584944,0.000090253],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044426823,0.00033080467,0.00053628074,0.00006525023,0.00012413267,0.00003471714,0.0005517363,0.00015466347,0.000008114434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006200995,0.00028079844,0.00061266177,0.00037916662,0.0003213075,0.0003898243,0.00014858121,0.0002808565,4.4086104e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004913313,0.00048564517,0.013847541,0.0006185659,0.0011621531,1.5617604e-7,0.00019405548,0.023041684,0.6611922,0.29425597,0.003187351,0.0015233853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003341053,0.00071513123,0.0015242128,0.00043317451,0.0002861034,0.000007941566,0.0009832144,0.5528458,0.43262607,0.0050979983,0.0014349829,0.0007043209],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001722958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.5051572e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5298041,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010782414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029972407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003687139","doi":"10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00702.x","title":"Comparing the Performance of IBIS and BulletTRAX‐3D Technology Using Bullets Fired Through 10 Consecutively Rifled Barrels*","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tobacco Research Unit; Occupational Cancer Research Centre","funders":"Rural Development Administration","keywords":"Ibis; Sample (material); Shot (pellet); Engineering; Forensic engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Chemistry; Geology; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.05053825840435943,"score_gpt":0.278719401214298,"score_spread":0.22818114280993856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003687139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960949,0.00043009332,0.0018059411,0.000949626,0.00014854282,0.000061359446,0.000001152326,0.00001530138,0.0004930996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9474388,0.000037076683,0.0524371,0.000021091888,0.00004326332,3.6983738e-7,7.632533e-8,0.0000041510143,0.000018071758],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990128,0.000019195097,0.0003556434,0.00013438432,0.0002480553,0.0002298873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906284,0.00016634897,0.00044595663,0.00012408388,0.0001736804,0.000027068287],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002255967,0.00011491197,0.00030967657,0.00010441369,0.00041988477,0.000018898298,0.00032146648,0.000043941724,0.000019544565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008383766,0.00007002884,0.000056777124,0.00042766254,0.003463708,0.00018999152,0.0001118443,0.00023587456,0.0000012186074],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003162208,0.0002730882,0.8652947,0.00004078911,0.00032425567,0.000088886394,0.0019287837,0.012025623,0.029439185,0.030913252,0.002306128,0.057049118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005407821,0.004871813,0.08012656,0.0016489007,0.00038381404,0.005192074,0.012109152,0.105337135,0.6659916,0.10953034,0.007815911,0.0015848693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017242903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.4513915e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7851681,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000156371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008475533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99924827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003745403","doi":"10.1109/istas.2013.6613127","title":"Three dimensional high dynamic range veillance for 3D range-sensing cameras","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer vision; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; High dynamic range; Computer graphics (images); Calibration; 3D reconstruction; Image sensor; Dynamic range; Physics","score_opus":0.008088282360497238,"score_gpt":0.23424673991485576,"score_spread":0.2261584575543585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003745403","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4116796,0.000047541587,0.5843302,0.0016797469,0.00019089182,0.00051236904,0.00001710392,0.00030927832,0.0012332522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6603992,4.282023e-7,0.33912885,0.00009614777,0.00007149272,0.000014149823,0.000014204155,0.000020211428,0.0002552938],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990505,0.0000058850355,0.00017396844,0.00028782917,0.00011330353,0.0003685076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926925,0.00020794844,0.00006044977,0.0002972325,0.00011340237,0.00005174797],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000036749792,0.00017497141,0.00022706261,0.000034978933,0.00013372209,0.00003882106,0.00011223968,0.000056897105,0.00025913902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024506644,0.00014064249,0.00007817076,0.00008943606,0.00012024194,0.00011868086,0.00008433602,0.00012790023,0.00018306682],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068254856,0.00013835425,0.009966839,0.000021721688,0.0001736519,0.0000037442999,0.000029325127,0.0010331078,0.010480638,0.10738611,0.0080595035,0.8626388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002457869,0.00015190235,0.017988976,0.000065540655,0.00004654656,0.0000037542168,0.00011682258,0.31875512,0.0031272687,0.6520783,0.0042654932,0.00094245997],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000458139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050511047,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8616963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031666823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012875231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5735234},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005034767","doi":"10.1063/1.2188827","title":"Divergence-ratio axi-vision camera (Divcam): A distance mapping camera","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Scientific Instruments","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Software portability; Divergence (linguistics); Computer science; Range (aeronautics); Optics; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Camera auto-calibration; Image resolution; Camera resectioning; Physics; Computer graphics (images); Materials science","score_opus":0.012850606798746847,"score_gpt":0.2637925698153429,"score_spread":0.25094196301659605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005034767","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9659457,0.0045939474,0.012660239,0.0006097048,0.0012420869,0.00091001287,0.00012928377,0.00014928926,0.013759736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898973,0.00036898663,0.008506955,0.00003595548,0.000048513255,0.000013643445,0.0000833067,0.000011356398,0.0010339573],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99822426,0.00003172216,0.00054424576,0.00043359245,0.0004301971,0.00033600666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893767,0.000021220647,0.00032203173,0.0005214344,0.0001510999,0.000046525336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026636847,0.00018378305,0.00034687668,0.00007816494,0.0002832284,0.000075297845,0.0003445672,0.00003142902,0.00024983485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029019795,0.00015604513,0.00013357385,0.00069635146,0.00042353856,0.0002806854,0.00015019256,0.00013464021,0.000097083735],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004759655,0.00027740488,0.027303504,0.0011753263,0.000042466512,0.00000243906,0.000040226616,0.00002721226,0.010037304,0.07487204,0.0058642016,0.8803531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00218631,0.00025507953,0.026507597,0.049022496,0.0002850377,0.0000086363625,0.00065889524,0.0076921172,0.110503055,0.092489794,0.7076591,0.002731834],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007334196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027374635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8776213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005605212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041623694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6363336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011062866","doi":"10.1364/oe.22.018736","title":"Towards a portable Raman spectrometer using a concave grating and a time-gated CMOS SPAD","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Raman spectroscopy; Optics; Materials science; Spectrometer; Optoelectronics; Grating; Laser; Avalanche photodiode; Raman scattering; Photon counting; Detector; Physics","score_opus":0.013077642953080795,"score_gpt":0.2486394106047212,"score_spread":0.23556176765164039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011062866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7436447,0.000019134015,0.23981269,0.00008596575,0.000052754658,0.0001764019,0.000015337118,0.0001721333,0.016020857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7414691,7.5011354e-7,0.25816444,0.000020742444,0.00008285312,0.0000029286916,0.000008477478,0.000023062505,0.00022767726],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989896,0.000026161657,0.0002061094,0.0002917492,0.00012421617,0.00036220043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936277,0.00008752899,0.00011127637,0.00029813792,0.000062431616,0.00007782985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010272643,0.00018815724,0.00026782893,0.000047316993,0.00013466031,0.00011924746,0.00012726187,0.00006561897,0.000057216177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006127315,0.00017343006,0.000044488734,0.00011913617,0.00014419599,0.00013124707,0.00018475791,0.00019998994,0.000009737284],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058026893,0.00025647483,0.0026982387,0.000055838347,0.00029524488,0.00002518357,0.000704505,0.0046621943,0.5465536,0.3678161,0.00026907722,0.076605536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011406109,0.00020717247,0.00009431888,0.00014954063,0.000095800206,0.000011394537,0.00039953247,0.7659025,0.1474718,0.08031231,0.0034474763,0.0007675443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055367174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.2617123e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7612403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021044827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015300162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7072273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011360022","doi":"10.1117/12.733883","title":"Novel applications of an affordable short-range digital Lidar","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; SIGNAL (programming language); Remote sensing; Laser; Computer science; Signal processing; Range (aeronautics); Waveform; Optics; Digital signal processing; Materials science; Computer hardware; Physics; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.010614332238065132,"score_gpt":0.24042175437736216,"score_spread":0.22980742213929703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011360022","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98424774,0.0000232903,0.007978456,0.00035128178,0.00006417204,0.0005144483,0.00011927381,0.00011447152,0.0065868767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7350897,0.000003996763,0.2644586,0.000012334367,0.00024187786,0.000056974688,0.000014221279,0.000039918472,0.00008233241],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812686,3.4492929e-9,0.00064812833,0.00033609674,0.00048537506,0.0004035087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981491,0.00014242288,0.0002906052,0.00008981282,0.001215433,0.00011261184],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034872856,0.00026076892,0.00036704415,0.00009494918,0.00007654167,0.00008123856,0.0008584613,0.00013966564,0.0000081052585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015040272,0.00022829925,0.0004363762,0.0003860938,0.00035978085,0.00070322206,0.00019251723,0.00028309025,0.0000010369632],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041517425,0.0002610544,0.0012043593,0.000091355025,0.00019175131,2.1359709e-8,0.00005448329,0.00006677593,0.35102352,0.64243275,0.000094783914,0.0045376066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016059927,0.00067550235,0.0027093964,0.00032678727,0.00025714678,0.000013018976,0.006006449,0.014756052,0.9244576,0.040707443,0.0075807525,0.00090386765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010654459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.285999e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60172534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007490257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019790084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9309773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012328080","doi":"10.3390/rs3051014","title":"A Comparison of Three Geometric Self-Calibration Methods for Range Cameras","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Remote Sensing","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Offset (computer science); Range (aeronautics); Bundle adjustment; Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Calibration; Position (finance); Mathematics; Statistics; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.08299584083321093,"score_gpt":0.3709585247060017,"score_spread":0.2879626838727908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012328080","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10999697,0.00007148529,0.88792473,0.00003411941,0.00008889419,0.00022793037,0.0000019761235,0.00015479393,0.0014990777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.47750598,5.228076e-7,0.522438,0.000004587655,0.000031787004,2.151894e-8,0.0000023842852,0.000011681245,0.0000050268377],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919635,0.000036712463,0.00027646188,0.0001949299,0.00007389979,0.00022166647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991385,0.000287842,0.00018344127,0.00025586633,0.00010042889,0.000033969376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016703624,0.00012454385,0.00031233177,0.00013621048,0.000076377175,0.000011653812,0.00007963899,0.000064749,0.000007779263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009751393,0.00011685753,0.00009782182,0.0003949995,0.00006368815,0.00008273284,0.000051803123,0.00012028582,0.000002194119],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021146005,0.00003738989,0.001270321,0.000014366504,0.000051866835,2.5132027e-7,0.0002066735,0.000058483307,0.0064121922,0.003601097,0.000018574814,0.98830765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037226616,0.00010468597,0.00058362086,0.000038365153,0.00008400801,0.0000011291585,0.00023132043,0.6680918,0.23857231,0.091270305,0.00044336604,0.00020685283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000122020196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000033173226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98810077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022149086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015020658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47653118},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012508229","doi":"10.1117/12.604426","title":"Extending high-angular accuracy to a near omni-directional 3D range sensor","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Angular resolution (graph drawing); Angular displacement; Tripod (photography); Optics; Repeatability; Scanner; Physics; Angular velocity; Image resolution; Lidar; Computer science; Acoustics","score_opus":0.009647750556096762,"score_gpt":0.2409469194675464,"score_spread":0.23129916891144964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012508229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910155,0.000045228182,0.0009356746,0.004876284,0.00022679729,0.000555317,0.00006897794,0.00022641837,0.002049824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.469304,0.000010266787,0.52945936,0.00009877957,0.0007539954,0.000098298624,0.000007158242,0.000058691894,0.00020946655],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99768823,1.667702e-8,0.0006333967,0.00049140386,0.00064249866,0.0005444619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99804413,0.0002486521,0.0003126148,0.00008831582,0.0011493126,0.0001569858],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034066214,0.0003753399,0.00045680266,0.00010758901,0.00017181608,0.0001602512,0.00080497225,0.00015459064,0.000058504113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006135476,0.0003262197,0.0005489233,0.00042873854,0.00025476157,0.0006105611,0.00028701423,0.00041207965,0.000012058984],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000088985085,0.00016573249,0.0005712871,0.00008090289,0.0004052108,1.04855346e-7,0.00014288122,0.0015454212,0.39197794,0.5972469,0.0020558857,0.0057187616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037501494,0.0007515526,0.0031883335,0.0008976689,0.000526062,0.00003284858,0.0027557428,0.095516905,0.78109926,0.020327326,0.08915931,0.0019948387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002360331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.3466963e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57691956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019505326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028414455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999919},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013497211","doi":"10.1109/ipcon.2014.6995399","title":"Incoherent-light temporal imaging","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Waveform; Computer science; Light intensity; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.004251096759781428,"score_gpt":0.22428477691824972,"score_spread":0.2200336801584683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013497211","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06980261,0.0000068075205,0.5676033,0.0024645173,0.00011167778,0.0000727708,8.156419e-7,0.0005052918,0.3594322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9618204,4.061003e-8,0.037364643,0.00006131925,0.000082556064,0.0000020423472,0.0000026956984,0.000007665771,0.00065862614],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995902,0.000007181536,0.00007894939,0.00012085102,0.00005112078,0.00015168815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973047,0.000024558103,0.000023099396,0.00017807074,0.000016486176,0.000027345215],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003126119,0.00006965037,0.00007611172,0.00001846481,0.000046744575,0.000021753933,0.000090530506,0.00001118819,0.00022977257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009298156,0.00005403227,0.000028631068,0.000055204942,0.000037186997,0.00006886803,0.00007333507,0.000074865966,0.00014865748],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016357591,0.000027928316,0.1283265,0.0000010004177,0.0000071730105,3.969804e-7,0.000008562992,0.000014749383,0.0018280123,0.6310591,0.0020508685,0.23667409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005130735,0.00002967138,0.0030386548,0.00001729627,0.000011176593,8.7667405e-7,0.0002730956,0.0091816075,0.059598442,0.72072375,0.20620152,0.00041081547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040553936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014353507,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8920178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000064855694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000031437964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25158486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014499871","doi":"10.1109/iembs.2011.6089883","title":"CMOS direct time interval measurement of long-lived luminescence lifetimes","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Luminescence; Optoelectronics; Interval (graph theory); Materials science; Computer science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03630303617394425,"score_gpt":0.23501275259437754,"score_spread":0.19870971642043328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014499871","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.543343,0.00008418588,0.12723583,0.00020124415,0.00023605957,0.00044517353,0.000008117305,0.0006447493,0.32780164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9739955,6.0155384e-7,0.025128273,0.000008287486,0.000022147527,0.0000038143046,9.99034e-7,0.0000094893985,0.0008308803],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993136,0.000014190183,0.00017923786,0.00017008268,0.00015254665,0.0001703478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994919,0.000023465356,0.00006921889,0.0002596113,0.00012072587,0.00003509182],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008381178,0.000111053276,0.00018578458,0.000027454686,0.000023187735,0.0000053584977,0.00018002177,0.000027032716,0.00082155276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036806257,0.000087265405,0.00006804578,0.00008262541,0.00013468243,0.00006462103,0.00011413224,0.00007019358,0.00012775266],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033259235,0.0026810071,0.27518892,0.00008224738,0.0009852216,0.000024210573,0.0013369069,0.00005378128,0.21463715,0.040675014,0.006811736,0.45719123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034271833,0.00019013663,0.020375192,0.000112997055,0.000045456556,6.2717424e-7,0.00020203994,0.00072694354,0.9712207,0.0062314016,0.00023791609,0.00031387122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009398946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019177353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7565836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015004184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013233549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8995426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015112459","doi":"10.1117/12.778937","title":"Ultra-fast time-correlated single photon counting avalanche photodiodes for time-domain non-contact fluorescence diffuse optical tomography","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"APDS; Avalanche photodiode; Photomultiplier; Photon counting; Detector; Diffuse optical imaging; Single-photon avalanche diode; Optics; Photodiode; Silicon photomultiplier; Microchannel plate detector; Physics; Optoelectronics; Photodetector; Tomography; Scintillator","score_opus":0.005975187340833588,"score_gpt":0.2112183201899613,"score_spread":0.20524313284912774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015112459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990911,0.000025633293,0.0024313212,0.00044656606,0.00016318525,0.001014392,0.0000868225,0.00022660146,0.004694488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7028816,0.0000054654174,0.2963615,0.0000405289,0.00035282722,0.00009508124,0.000028209344,0.00009202297,0.00014277671],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970128,2.4374422e-8,0.0008997641,0.00060435757,0.00064360444,0.0008394342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973075,0.0005371938,0.0004941964,0.00010927893,0.0013797719,0.00017206732],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078988395,0.00050426583,0.0006433278,0.00015145777,0.00017443548,0.00016247711,0.0009680118,0.00028248696,0.000022874698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046599537,0.0004370187,0.00088387536,0.00049245625,0.00043152046,0.0005280611,0.00015761843,0.00052224647,0.000005965565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021873527,0.00035087657,0.00079071935,0.00014521212,0.0004208354,1.6822163e-7,0.00013009612,0.000031974363,0.86398554,0.1322409,0.00075308507,0.0009318846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020629463,0.00051132566,0.00067646435,0.0004849401,0.00020060812,0.000008089086,0.001198515,0.027125109,0.9602781,0.005970419,0.00084524293,0.0006382331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009188018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.9177354e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2939302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017354808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002688469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99980813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015168710","doi":"10.1117/12.2020000","title":"A study of systematic errors in the PMD CamBoard nano","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Nano-; Materials science","score_opus":0.014152229711180249,"score_gpt":0.23978684621157195,"score_spread":0.2256346165003917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015168710","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956184,0.000030554525,0.000037716323,0.001014806,0.000086190434,0.0016732938,0.000010531161,0.00005349632,0.0014750337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9692534,0.0000039959596,0.030164232,0.000024167963,0.00009011683,0.0003793653,0.0000015858407,0.00003224403,0.000050845178],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978508,3.915057e-8,0.000862937,0.0003005777,0.0006342778,0.0003514064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981062,0.00027663828,0.000478131,0.0001079209,0.0009824111,0.000048726823],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051398505,0.00028115764,0.000567447,0.00009761711,0.00006027388,0.00008134718,0.0012293058,0.00010276868,0.000009164674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042347226,0.00018392772,0.00039503395,0.00044450848,0.00022916257,0.00038865613,0.0002040176,0.00033728068,0.0000022890054],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031718675,0.0007595409,0.004663421,0.0020803963,0.0005727382,1.08840666e-7,0.0016453683,0.0002682403,0.19671564,0.7923418,0.0007615025,0.000159493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01139225,0.0051500364,0.025342263,0.012777675,0.0019260553,0.000042856725,0.4450574,0.09017982,0.30249134,0.102053136,0.0004457827,0.0031413678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007398636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.6739618e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6902887,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073437564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015154041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75003546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016696330","doi":"10.1117/12.463812","title":"&lt;title&gt;Optical imaging of objects within highly scattering media using silicon-micromachined collimating arrays&lt;/title&gt;","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Collimated light; Silicon; Optical imaging; Scattering; Physics; Optics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Laser","score_opus":0.011191550787819634,"score_gpt":0.22312460010748558,"score_spread":0.21193304931966594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016696330","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811219,0.000074313044,0.0003895619,0.00042902597,0.00021565914,0.00019345329,0.000025757687,0.00010008331,0.017450275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79648423,0.000007750552,0.20311283,0.000018554432,0.00022997257,0.000011198489,0.00000346421,0.00004303544,0.000088931636],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985794,2.4323466e-8,0.00049364485,0.000263325,0.00035884543,0.00030477854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897784,0.00013032224,0.00029052055,0.00006442899,0.00046837548,0.00006850471],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019158275,0.00023201703,0.0003315085,0.00007930568,0.00006440193,0.000056674537,0.00044878002,0.0000927703,0.000073961375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028621184,0.00020465621,0.00029164107,0.00023128682,0.00026911806,0.00022500526,0.00016310929,0.0002567154,0.000008800911],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007814609,0.000049653023,0.00021729372,0.00009527863,0.00011638392,1.02216944e-7,0.00010895352,0.00014545729,0.656064,0.34169933,0.000641109,0.0008546793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010553844,0.00012253366,0.0002971424,0.0008298714,0.00023729481,0.0000178365,0.0010623041,0.36846802,0.61464554,0.0109263025,0.0015961966,0.00074159284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000029698633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.3875474e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36832255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008849791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015079364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8345638},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016929793","doi":"10.1109/embc.2013.6610089","title":"Towards on-chip integration of brain imaging photodetecors using standard CMOS process","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canada Research Chairs; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Transimpedance amplifier; APDS; CMOS; Chip; Avalanche photodiode; Photodiode; Bandwidth (computing); Photodetector; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Amplifier; Materials science; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Detector; Operational amplifier; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.015338973242036015,"score_gpt":0.292236560423666,"score_spread":0.27689758718163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016929793","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6891188,0.0000023298815,0.30286494,0.0003825054,0.000030622232,0.0001704403,0.000005200428,0.0000937108,0.00733146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9469479,1.2113283e-7,0.052903593,0.000057373836,0.000023804947,0.0000074926284,0.0000030086612,0.000012323069,0.000044428405],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993537,0.000009622646,0.00017446982,0.00016234757,0.00012832215,0.00017154847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954087,0.000048568123,0.00008016994,0.00017508044,0.00012727141,0.000028021504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047442125,0.00011380347,0.00015006404,0.000052907744,0.000048337275,0.00003291905,0.000105084764,0.00002315734,0.00025083972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005415498,0.00008726542,0.00004287678,0.00013472202,0.000090677364,0.00019199097,0.000037549176,0.00012451762,0.000011221736],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037039128,0.00009212048,0.0056470977,0.000018565237,0.00003467532,7.204485e-7,0.0002565873,0.0016326346,0.15849297,0.06401711,0.00036885755,0.7694016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023748678,0.000059163835,0.00032831635,0.000066749824,0.000007084318,3.8283088e-7,0.0015493676,0.039194994,0.7958133,0.16251159,0.000060207192,0.00017137013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002698858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021339408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76923025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030201043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028629842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35585803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017222718","doi":"10.1117/12.609448","title":"I-SIL: features and capabilities of a long-range shuttle inspection characteristics lidar","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada); Canadian Space Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Range (aeronautics); Remote sensing; Computer science; Space Shuttle; Environmental science; Geology; Aerospace engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.00726558775103582,"score_gpt":0.22134525967278948,"score_spread":0.21407967192175367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017222718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961584,0.00009002714,0.00012279485,0.0015474164,0.00009078607,0.00029608278,0.00006482911,0.00010611112,0.001523522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9128351,0.000033935354,0.086607404,0.000019349902,0.00032649512,0.000035735477,0.000005357791,0.0000319958,0.000104611536],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864066,1.0810031e-8,0.00048027857,0.00027143065,0.00033882316,0.00026881843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998578,0.0001261786,0.00031248148,0.00005494644,0.00086521055,0.00006318653],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019539401,0.00023711081,0.00037198787,0.000070990405,0.00006913397,0.000057949175,0.0003849032,0.00012642934,0.0000071800546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027540908,0.00019915818,0.00029443324,0.0001724857,0.00044621946,0.00038726567,0.00015397553,0.00028283653,5.831383e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007509223,0.00016608418,0.0108791925,0.00031227732,0.00030913428,3.9071175e-8,0.0003343713,0.000041097675,0.16899846,0.8146031,0.0007031547,0.003577985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036941853,0.0012999488,0.08736988,0.0013642092,0.00067991146,0.000048482118,0.009875711,0.02420207,0.8219312,0.043353308,0.004519662,0.0016614469],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017726466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.762883e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7712498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000075916265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014800221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8121435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018001902","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.53.6.065103","title":"Theory of bokeh image structure in camera lenses with an aspheric surface","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Engineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Raytheon Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optical transfer function; Optics; Focus (optics); Lens (geology); Point spread function; Physics; Diffraction; Grating; Phase (matter); Modulation (music); Entrance pupil; Amplitude; Surface (topology); Geometry; Mathematics; Pupil; Acoustics","score_opus":0.0034689352514673324,"score_gpt":0.19454738861793125,"score_spread":0.19107845336646392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018001902","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7284665,0.000008899315,0.27067018,0.000021580325,0.000016126054,0.000041949275,0.0000025646818,0.00006675348,0.0007054361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7354227,2.5494572e-7,0.26452664,0.0000030369636,0.00001940228,7.524454e-7,0.0000021231526,0.000016162903,0.000008996163],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940896,0.0000091087095,0.0001224979,0.0001584581,0.00008185084,0.0002191058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955255,0.00013444627,0.00002392193,0.0002187366,0.00002496329,0.000045366476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054752498,0.00012606918,0.0001912584,0.000020718133,0.000013175067,0.000013549126,0.000106802116,0.000041017316,0.00003294069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005128978,0.000101319565,0.00002048863,0.00014349844,0.000087081884,0.00011263823,0.000038119695,0.00020801775,0.0000017936926],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043465072,0.000064610744,0.0018108165,0.000027418237,0.000028338676,0.0000056973217,0.000062690386,0.24908173,0.13196552,0.5805336,0.0000015270506,0.03637458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019286935,0.0010809541,0.018951641,0.0003133339,0.00007146415,0.00001179487,0.0008375491,0.42066818,0.48043242,0.07379162,0.0005028334,0.0014095041],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011388803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001352587,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.506742,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012166017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000697796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4131692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020865944","doi":"10.1109/tns.2015.2420795","title":"Dark Count Impact for First Photon Discriminators for SPAD Digital Arrays in PET","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Discriminator; Coincidence; Physics; Detector; Dead time; Avalanche photodiode; Photon counting; Computer science; Optics; Electronic engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.024147354318741595,"score_gpt":0.2883849196066756,"score_spread":0.264237565287934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020865944","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5691254,0.0000010715053,0.4293757,0.00025504254,0.00022306833,0.00035808785,0.00012530274,0.00008904183,0.00044725707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839895,4.794567e-7,0.01590137,0.000014746422,0.0000146185075,0.000027354636,7.730509e-7,0.000018484769,0.00003271592],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990201,0.0000027636818,0.00013401915,0.0003076931,0.0001781002,0.00035730132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942833,0.00009628216,0.000041263593,0.00023923801,0.00008383148,0.00011108086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013072431,0.00012932337,0.00013494297,0.00011917544,0.00025886312,0.00014094303,0.00027523117,0.000022755674,0.000009052906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025562058,0.00010961017,0.00009108642,0.00034669862,0.00040529735,0.0005546615,0.0000030702213,0.0001221802,0.000015218507],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021230108,0.004386563,0.0018333338,0.00010576881,0.0001262636,0.000015638241,0.0060027316,0.5660261,0.012943511,0.060244657,0.003287369,0.34290507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0058884686,0.003560973,0.00095729216,0.00025459848,0.000084440486,0.000016784163,0.008788266,0.7817328,0.05113811,0.13057332,0.015122269,0.0018826734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004270043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009869244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41486403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018536336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000816618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4469773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021408301","doi":"10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801710","title":"Experimental state estimation for spatial qubits","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Qubit; Encoder; Physics; Photon; Polarization (electrochemistry); Optics; Detector; Photon polarization; Quantum state; Quantum optics; Computer science; Quantum; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.010296926866604543,"score_gpt":0.268858877119216,"score_spread":0.25856195025261147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021408301","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26728365,0.0000020651948,0.7298358,0.00016917792,0.00003358091,0.00020182559,0.000002425608,0.00009967759,0.0023717836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8260159,1.8583025e-8,0.17351905,0.000014908135,0.000017530036,0.000044419216,0.000008400678,0.000005355861,0.00037441397],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99969554,0.0000018867352,0.00006857453,0.00008638256,0.000033985758,0.00011365581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998323,0.000027952381,0.000019935396,0.00007789195,0.00002324912,0.000018679591],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000008496388,0.00005277894,0.00005284786,0.000010618147,0.000038820104,0.000024358438,0.000040013783,0.000010891749,0.00027439994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000056895856,0.000043078573,0.000021457705,0.00001941098,0.000026626769,0.00011096894,0.000025514795,0.000025226627,0.000109873414],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011547462,0.00014967597,0.0009401579,0.000003219759,0.00002591791,1.1285146e-7,0.00009326475,0.0015372892,0.06622277,0.16830559,0.00289973,0.75981075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029872957,0.00006600292,0.000449781,0.000003139892,0.0000021774986,7.987645e-8,0.00017141766,0.096967205,0.72973067,0.17178155,0.00041396302,0.00011527646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021682754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.58047e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7596955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009349199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000035295877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3004487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022985807","doi":"10.1109/sbec.2013.50","title":"Modeling and Characterizing Optical CMOS Sensors for Biomedical Low-Intensity Light Detection","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Photodiode; CMOS; Reliability (semiconductor); Computer science; Sensitivity (control systems); MATLAB; Noise (video); Electronic engineering; Avalanche photodiode; Light intensity; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Power (physics); Engineering; Detector; Optics; Telecommunications; Physics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.010037935768306677,"score_gpt":0.22873699278211373,"score_spread":0.21869905701380707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022985807","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.576024,0.0000015911506,0.4221003,0.0013397182,0.000055288216,0.00015937071,0.0000011443565,0.00012698998,0.00019157761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9527278,7.406985e-7,0.046980962,0.00007195552,0.0001291098,0.000020797735,0.000004673494,0.000012988984,0.000050964143],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926096,0.000004476524,0.00016106483,0.00023636229,0.00007212561,0.0002650365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996136,0.00005382802,0.000022800437,0.00013086386,0.0000911776,0.00008773414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044925317,0.00011770208,0.00016728397,0.000038683396,0.00011284127,0.000052887044,0.000051002888,0.000074387055,0.00002863798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004822394,0.00009370163,0.000046105528,0.000058911304,0.000079175334,0.00015433592,0.000080081416,0.00014026466,0.000027804323],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052850362,0.00014031664,0.00039840114,0.000027209746,0.000075109725,0.0000015568222,0.00007563112,0.00022618975,0.7035968,0.025008796,0.00010951928,0.27028763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003152161,0.00007427545,0.00017419648,0.00002348184,0.000015908388,0.0000037286804,0.00036174987,0.80728275,0.16856295,0.022655731,0.0003129285,0.00021709412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000043078217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.199792e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80705655,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014922813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004781855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38210416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034154064","doi":"10.1109/tgrs.2013.2291573","title":"Short-Range Wideband FMCW Radar for Millimetric Displacement Measurements","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PQ Corporation (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Continuous-wave radar; Radar; Wideband; Pulse-Doppler radar; Pulse repetition frequency; Radar engineering details; Radar imaging; Bistatic radar; Computer science; Remote sensing; Electronic engineering; Optics; Acoustics; Physics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.030011031312262095,"score_gpt":0.2716832797889105,"score_spread":0.2416722484766484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034154064","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.072964355,0.000015201204,0.9257918,0.00024783783,0.0003254512,0.00024448053,0.000007670982,0.00007467971,0.00032850468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81572384,0.00000734231,0.18398398,0.000056240366,0.000039129667,3.3161245e-7,9.783533e-7,0.000012238414,0.000175923],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883825,0.00002354174,0.00018068326,0.00037758794,0.0002298732,0.0003500749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942756,0.0001496743,0.00004174204,0.00023143167,0.00006459951,0.00008497002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022153497,0.00016976515,0.00017965594,0.00014699336,0.0005415251,0.00006199525,0.000086687396,0.00004846749,0.0000027686262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013279451,0.00014250957,0.00007591245,0.00033919726,0.00020758943,0.00012213382,0.000002530412,0.00014135092,0.000004025523],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018391871,0.000027171109,0.000016803566,0.0000058717237,0.000014730748,2.542965e-7,0.00003074745,0.00024183972,0.007561892,0.000053860324,0.000009738479,0.9920187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024745113,0.00088514044,0.0012283139,0.00041296703,0.0003061806,0.000018329487,0.00062524487,0.41912955,0.5480561,0.019134365,0.006273525,0.0014557525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009087453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013446881,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.990563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033746193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011967928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5811371},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034817087","doi":"10.1117/12.804929","title":"Target penetration of laser-based 3D imaging systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; National Institute of Standards and Technology","keywords":"Computer science; Laser; Penetration depth; Planar; Penetration (warfare); Optics; Ranging; Computer vision; Coordinate system; Artificial intelligence; Computer graphics (images); Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.010137070210288956,"score_gpt":0.22056316979804455,"score_spread":0.2104260995877556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034817087","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99405724,0.000059968603,0.0012931536,0.0007191735,0.00016674028,0.00040652187,0.00005489661,0.000109394496,0.0031329067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8034463,0.00000783014,0.19617514,0.000017227623,0.00019402982,0.000050600374,0.000011283349,0.00003644309,0.000061126055],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815816,1.3770156e-8,0.00065418036,0.00031257255,0.0005377658,0.000337318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978565,0.00014722416,0.00046594205,0.00007014477,0.001387996,0.000072198476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026431697,0.00027008826,0.0004142091,0.00009212962,0.00009472598,0.000045601035,0.0006195147,0.00010184183,0.000010902066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023519213,0.00023183733,0.00042949012,0.00029079735,0.00037111068,0.000412208,0.00011025483,0.00026522842,0.0000011336392],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006230531,0.00018517306,0.0069130016,0.0002654958,0.00025349125,1.2403187e-7,0.000078034966,0.0041223136,0.37756833,0.60911876,0.0011590163,0.00027395456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017068917,0.00030721503,0.0017918317,0.00049886556,0.00015775143,0.000011027503,0.0016476022,0.27714616,0.70818746,0.005832082,0.0021009236,0.0006121859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021899596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.611096e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6032867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008609069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039507486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9454052},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036228025","doi":"10.1117/12.777201","title":"Full-scale testing and platform stabilization of a scanning lidar system for planetary landing","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"NGC Aerospace (Canada); Optech (Canada); Canadian Space Agency","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Rendezvous; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Residual; Distortion (music); Spacecraft; Calibration; Computer vision; Geology; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Telecommunications; Algorithm","score_opus":0.01642263555565452,"score_gpt":0.21976256613461775,"score_spread":0.20333993057896324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036228025","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968989,0.000044535303,0.0012213477,0.00017955746,0.00008119958,0.00049087236,0.00007283248,0.00010591581,0.00090487447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.73203343,0.00000555747,0.2677207,0.0000043084156,0.0001422193,0.000043125798,0.000008408905,0.000027957916,0.000014259276],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855995,8.60572e-9,0.000546735,0.0002808585,0.000313302,0.00029916308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982589,0.0003236399,0.0003929619,0.00004416217,0.0009156821,0.00006464345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002618569,0.00022465007,0.0003896891,0.000076623,0.00013133042,0.000035214623,0.00034394456,0.00010946424,0.0000016370334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034466098,0.00019174426,0.00022748102,0.00023195038,0.00025372228,0.00036059736,0.0001291781,0.00018099422,1.655998e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013465983,0.00006626695,0.013654581,0.0008146185,0.0002588706,6.17598e-8,0.00025150317,0.0005290216,0.62995267,0.3534489,0.0001409259,0.0007478897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003976985,0.0015978559,0.008453124,0.002597619,0.00046875514,0.00007685896,0.012679425,0.33684638,0.6200782,0.011536419,0.00054301554,0.0011453296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016090991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.475805e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34191248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000076528006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021010412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78191036},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038720759","doi":"10.1364/ao.51.008745","title":"Motion compensated frequency modulated continuous wave 3D coherent imaging ladar with scannerless architecture","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Sensitivity (control systems); Spatial frequency; Image resolution; Extremely high frequency; Lidar; Physics; Computer science; Computer vision","score_opus":0.0081078982639827,"score_gpt":0.2068775617393072,"score_spread":0.1987696634753245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038720759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64819854,0.000040334045,0.33736205,0.00018883443,0.00009887354,0.00044987112,0.000021146616,0.00043477153,0.013205588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.859999,7.023625e-7,0.1396699,0.000036875164,0.00012168559,0.000017320102,0.00008101494,0.0000444111,0.000029077059],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986818,0.000015745754,0.00022883705,0.0002842554,0.00019523126,0.0005941324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919766,0.000054661734,0.00013924348,0.00040348037,0.00008881948,0.00011613644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006761478,0.00028401543,0.00029724312,0.000058357284,0.00014255037,0.00004833128,0.00014267974,0.0000691069,0.000032764372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000061064907,0.00023021163,0.000039261915,0.00022890636,0.00021860137,0.000090807094,0.000091008646,0.000389121,0.000031100455],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112145724,0.00069248956,0.03388781,0.000034124572,0.00033094344,0.000019154464,0.0006787402,0.014907532,0.065904744,0.5722177,0.00009224948,0.31112233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015577432,0.0006047729,0.0555182,0.0006738337,0.0014768032,0.00017595544,0.009173181,0.11904326,0.35140708,0.4319567,0.005575423,0.008817348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039544284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002492552,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30230498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005405363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015645239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9387758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038798681","doi":"10.1117/12.2085305","title":"Transport-aware imaging","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Object (grammar); Interference (communication); Path (computing); Computer graphics (images); Image sensor; Multispectral image; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012815088085092961,"score_gpt":0.23526873603371845,"score_spread":0.2224536479486255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2038798681","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896624,0.00004987044,0.000759356,0.002758258,0.00020099706,0.00033780513,0.00004813093,0.00017992388,0.0060032792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8559113,0.0000070711703,0.14337452,0.000050918323,0.00036063395,0.000059236638,0.00001104994,0.00005615419,0.00016911651],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981074,5.368687e-9,0.00055051694,0.00036324692,0.0005498646,0.00042896907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979554,0.00008673788,0.0002864897,0.00006851458,0.0014566754,0.00014618642],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033410286,0.00030482298,0.0003833717,0.00007266684,0.00006890011,0.000062935185,0.0008314879,0.000104042556,0.000012613625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019409292,0.0002539353,0.00051678653,0.00028949542,0.0003196116,0.00052801863,0.00014973688,0.00034938674,0.0000026821926],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058465455,0.00012203891,0.005663155,0.00009744476,0.0002854238,1.3149057e-7,0.00015889057,0.00024096467,0.104505695,0.88447565,0.0027494633,0.001642702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006675372,0.00079030235,0.004279407,0.001186332,0.00080502604,0.000035687717,0.02047815,0.122930445,0.6464786,0.16077028,0.033093333,0.0024770664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016422118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.965885e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72370535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000109909066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035294313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999913},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039487249","doi":"10.1109/tla.2014.6827882","title":"Using a NIR Camera for Car Gesture Control","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Gesture; Gesture recognition; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Duty cycle; Computer vision; Ranging; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.019079790230732554,"score_gpt":0.2741451405232748,"score_spread":0.2550653502925423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039487249","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020753609,0.0000063800476,0.9771236,0.0005876066,0.00017302735,0.00025090273,0.00007330038,0.00019609633,0.00083546253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8408096,5.984721e-7,0.15878741,0.000112436785,0.00013108851,0.000035816105,0.0000035820558,0.000022919254,0.00009657739],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992545,0.000022686898,0.00016052075,0.00021509461,0.00007349722,0.0002736861],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934024,0.00024942256,0.000073765535,0.00022505282,0.00005671316,0.000054800672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000028249015,0.00014506771,0.00022981412,0.000039663202,0.00022944187,0.000022762586,0.00009278307,0.000049835933,0.00006126333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000105333,0.00013664023,0.00013381036,0.00016200064,0.00014950756,0.00007461329,0.0000017306741,0.00019897566,0.000010203027],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082074854,0.00029897917,0.0014875768,0.00002238757,0.0003645886,9.0312903e-7,0.00037047602,0.2475287,0.087136686,0.008098535,0.0004013223,0.65420777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0049601835,0.0005706275,0.0011609078,0.000098723685,0.00079667184,0.0000065051345,0.0013664048,0.7988814,0.0353663,0.044899598,0.11022983,0.0016628276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001525035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000040890523,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82005596,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024785159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017642707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5572027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039594271","doi":"10.1117/12.777160","title":"Lidar for obstacle detection during helicopter landing","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Neptec Design Group (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Aerosol; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Range (aeronautics); Obstacle; Snow; Aerospace engineering; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Geography","score_opus":0.011534928417190374,"score_gpt":0.22429163255837978,"score_spread":0.2127567041411894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039594271","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962074,0.00002965356,0.001255703,0.00062722695,0.00017905494,0.00051160116,0.000039767387,0.00015853318,0.0009910143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8763369,0.000013198863,0.122865714,0.000017235983,0.00042049776,0.00012742005,0.000004972159,0.00004947558,0.0001646186],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839437,6.440417e-9,0.00048592946,0.00034884617,0.0003526243,0.0004182195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985568,0.00013910829,0.00028041206,0.00005829102,0.0008872871,0.00007810178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018234357,0.00026902414,0.0003425028,0.00008192475,0.00020192587,0.000057847985,0.0005151952,0.00013292709,0.000007842876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026495816,0.00023179347,0.000550246,0.0002288252,0.00022185754,0.00044127146,0.00014852422,0.00026813225,0.000001527495],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009318943,0.000080184866,0.0016180902,0.00015864996,0.00026143435,5.971305e-8,0.00011613025,0.00010683103,0.7543858,0.24223693,0.00019399315,0.00074867805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013948268,0.00023749215,0.0019010449,0.00018553913,0.00009805717,0.00001500387,0.0010507363,0.0124538625,0.97329175,0.0072164945,0.001750412,0.00040476408],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007852478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.9941095e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23502043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000120208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014396066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9452264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043226566","doi":"10.1109/phosst.2012.6280764","title":"Photonic integrated circuits for coherent ladar receivers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Photonics; Photonic integrated circuit; Computer science; Control reconfiguration; Electronic circuit; Integrated circuit; Electronic engineering; Silicon photonics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Embedded system; Optics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Physics","score_opus":0.02182437697704099,"score_gpt":0.26983252396256724,"score_spread":0.24800814698552626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043226566","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4448461,0.00007378264,0.47116435,0.0004414855,0.00051173964,0.0007743633,0.00004829218,0.0007083883,0.08143152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9758985,8.068248e-7,0.022959154,0.00003272553,0.000055318375,0.0000210323,0.00001894822,0.000011374948,0.0010021202],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945605,0.0000055113032,0.000089159104,0.00010760833,0.000047758673,0.0002939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966115,0.00006773662,0.00003080151,0.00014719294,0.00004153765,0.000051569612],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041889052,0.000091307345,0.00010504655,0.000020500142,0.00005391669,0.000011361172,0.00008631982,0.000033556043,0.00035627012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019142002,0.00007129631,0.000050941617,0.00008523286,0.000049396607,0.00009877622,0.000028044144,0.00008660605,0.000065198714],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001664165,0.00024615033,0.017161718,0.0000075364474,0.00011397518,2.0271371e-7,0.00010100323,0.000032478405,0.017513184,0.56147283,0.007904268,0.39543003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015644578,0.00018179297,0.0018762592,0.000044529974,0.00007661215,0.0000011375579,0.0028760175,0.0015757075,0.5046995,0.07828115,0.40804043,0.0007823615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032221003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017188129,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5310524,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034222645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012036237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3900908},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044094636","doi":"10.1109/avfop.2012.6344042","title":"Optical fiber detection modules immunity to high-power interference with photosensitive electronics","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Philips (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Photodetector; Transimpedance amplifier; Optoelectronics; Photodiode; Electronic circuit; Optical power; Optical fiber; Materials science; Electronics; Optics; Amplifier; Laser; Physics; Electrical engineering; Operational amplifier; CMOS","score_opus":0.006696184922708326,"score_gpt":0.2271651616416285,"score_spread":0.22046897671892018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044094636","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7114387,0.0000065001013,0.27861813,0.000106163694,0.000034219724,0.000115255985,0.0000021294109,0.00014860796,0.009530307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9453248,4.6795537e-7,0.054358788,0.0000553379,0.000040537394,0.00001106607,0.0000029989592,0.000015905127,0.00019013614],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917316,0.000017815362,0.00010750865,0.00017188634,0.000093408715,0.0004362308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994402,0.00007251973,0.000028738294,0.0002833661,0.0000795603,0.00009563688],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005535952,0.00015331112,0.00014816089,0.00004012946,0.000086565444,0.000024855526,0.00009934732,0.00004772848,0.00018099348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021679212,0.00011367634,0.000029229599,0.00016339449,0.00009129972,0.00018210793,0.00012509154,0.00029283986,0.00020547718],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004904567,0.00069895544,0.0020267651,0.0000053432163,0.00026834744,0.0000027257483,0.00039263113,0.0006664253,0.27292717,0.31619537,0.00013446203,0.40619138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002028984,0.00036515758,0.0048847487,0.000016173699,0.000020174673,0.000002991754,0.00033719736,0.0001823462,0.9857909,0.0068220147,0.0010885533,0.00028685716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000068333036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015623573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71286374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055635996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000953055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46355864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045236534","doi":"10.1117/1.1453411","title":"Surface reconstruction using neural network mapping of range-sensor images to object space","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère de l’Éducation, Gouvernement de l’Ontario; Bộ Giáo dục và Ðào tạo","keywords":"Computer science; Cover (algebra); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Iterative reconstruction; Imaging science; Image processing; Artificial neural network; Image sensor; Image (mathematics); Engineering","score_opus":0.014193459904865148,"score_gpt":0.24598728100403985,"score_spread":0.2317938210991747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045236534","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90082926,0.0010462926,0.09599254,0.0012747555,0.00022318159,0.00008776128,0.0000010557865,0.000029342249,0.0005158045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9176599,0.000017145598,0.0819487,0.00002237558,0.00028570165,1.7655292e-7,1.3843896e-7,0.00001886815,0.000047018606],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987323,0.00004597864,0.00040657134,0.00013726726,0.00016015898,0.00051766715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908704,0.00009715035,0.00044417736,0.00015055179,0.00016790447,0.000053176682],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022250677,0.0001455519,0.00031671478,0.00010634574,0.000097317614,0.000034950594,0.00014871305,0.000023040866,0.00004861228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044673423,0.00013558181,0.00013622563,0.00036772815,0.00007403095,0.0002808377,0.000048291156,0.00044589434,0.000002703472],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000098466015,0.000095457435,0.08586264,0.000023135392,0.00025941682,0.000027737038,0.00028778243,0.5094176,0.21091487,0.002629647,0.00100414,0.18937913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0045214198,0.00079080625,0.0051883594,0.001741127,0.0004942384,0.0020746018,0.005035414,0.71873814,0.20118774,0.05362938,0.004660289,0.0019384848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021597223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.726621e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20932055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013534505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003291652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5528866},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049354739","doi":"10.1145/1667239.1667240","title":"Acquisition of optically complex objects and phenomena","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Specular reflection; Digitization; Computer science; 3d scanning; Range (aeronautics); Optics; Surface (topology); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.011955368275750647,"score_gpt":0.2530733082342582,"score_spread":0.24111793995850758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2049354739","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7372009,0.000017788794,0.11240502,0.0010710916,0.000012877019,0.000113892034,0.000003981178,0.00015061225,0.14902385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91905636,6.53252e-7,0.08082314,0.000051365303,0.000021300591,3.359469e-7,0.0000031151353,0.0000021620651,0.000041600404],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996823,0.0000034083246,0.00008461791,0.00008810204,0.0000443105,0.000097272314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980736,0.000026164307,0.000023548542,0.00009640298,0.000023862865,0.000022661836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000016753673,0.000052425115,0.00009327238,0.000017436743,0.000022602471,0.00000776298,0.000039157036,0.000014912657,0.00008765147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040363198,0.00004331473,0.000014762281,0.000051910112,0.000068297326,0.000045345452,0.000024372166,0.000037101407,0.0000043291348],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008568403,0.000063790605,0.0009979127,0.0000017893115,0.000008584288,3.6594994e-7,0.0000310165,0.00003149146,0.0374019,0.8661188,0.000047800666,0.095288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007252386,0.0004504668,0.07558918,0.000023743938,0.000021176846,0.0000013122336,0.00066851906,0.0035502717,0.056329187,0.86208713,0.0002735294,0.0002802397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040244763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4200246e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18185544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000038825947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000028966688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17663233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052371446","doi":"10.1080/09500340408235276","title":"Space-qualified silicon avalanche-photodiode single-photon-counting modules","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Modern Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PerkinElmer Biosignal","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Photon counting; Remote sensing; Laser; Photodiode; Photon; Radiation; Physics; Reliability (semiconductor); Satellite; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Environmental science; Detector; Astronomy; Geology","score_opus":0.02135794708413596,"score_gpt":0.2569578901148395,"score_spread":0.23559994303070353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052371446","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71718895,0.0001345175,0.27969182,0.00061967457,0.00019468328,0.0000802116,0.0000067622996,0.00005700603,0.0020263516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.893424,0.00001373062,0.106131636,0.000044519835,0.0002932554,9.955878e-7,0.000002101879,0.000035015517,0.000054773365],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984499,0.000019388488,0.00057409296,0.00019409643,0.00037084156,0.0003916419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986435,0.00013937295,0.0005568735,0.00031436453,0.000235169,0.00011070807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022227196,0.00023408174,0.0004240415,0.00011818807,0.000108725406,0.00009715253,0.00030651336,0.000107942054,0.000018001474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012949944,0.00020496696,0.00020239048,0.00012013087,0.00013411183,0.0002773485,0.00009291857,0.0005425702,0.000016615008],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020905703,0.0012665818,0.0047099655,0.00005420624,0.0005175263,0.000149468,0.0014420118,0.28278747,0.51084775,0.14347805,0.00018649582,0.054351386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018481041,0.0003055867,0.000243605,0.00022168507,0.00010920919,0.000049598522,0.0006531515,0.012214177,0.47663695,0.50664717,0.0005920126,0.00047872984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014024995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002390239,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36316913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015137013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006913397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.835831},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053241488","doi":"10.1063/1.4869574","title":"Superconducting nanowire single photon detector on diamond","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Diamond; Nanowire; Materials science; Superconductivity; Substrate (aquarium); Surface roughness; Optoelectronics; Photon; Detector; Chemical vapor deposition; Surface finish; Optics; Nanotechnology; Condensed matter physics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.013827941150691477,"score_gpt":0.21377897932399154,"score_spread":0.19995103817330007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053241488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95517576,0.0000013263756,0.033793114,0.00036441506,0.00012895922,0.0001635076,0.0000046968985,0.00026657432,0.010101651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99147826,9.6213896e-8,0.0070632026,0.0008752519,0.00047638713,0.00002571344,0.000015900217,0.000048381604,0.000016780572],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988669,0.000015615009,0.00015934001,0.00039006694,0.00016451928,0.00040354684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921924,0.00018672072,0.00007472229,0.00044728493,0.000016120473,0.000055917295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049581922,0.00024339954,0.00022897933,0.000029362705,0.00016114424,0.0000504429,0.00020647747,0.00004445589,0.000023069315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010370768,0.00023321154,0.000084549974,0.00016862563,0.00014712804,0.00009288198,0.00008150471,0.00029481354,0.00015550012],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000076224055,0.00006695492,0.00027063044,0.0000036634249,0.000022420096,4.0291712e-7,0.00006265874,0.00058533234,0.86893,0.0720638,0.00022224474,0.057764288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035301124,0.00004302602,0.0000793559,0.000017605738,0.000016722812,1.5948913e-7,0.00011449495,0.00017569643,0.9759973,0.02049714,0.0023438365,0.0003616011],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001716215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.275208e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10706738,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004034821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000045772576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95100904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053584372","doi":"10.4236/opj.2012.24037","title":"Fully On-Chip Integrated Photodetector Front-End Dedicated to Real-Time Portable Optical Brain Imaging","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics and Photonics Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; CMC Microsystems; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Transimpedance amplifier; Avalanche photodiode; Photodetector; CMOS; Optoelectronics; Photon counting; Dead time; Front and back ends; Silicon photomultiplier; Physics; Photodiode; Amplifier; Bandwidth (computing); Analog front-end; Optics; Materials science; Detector; Computer science; Operational amplifier; Scintillator; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.008309504334525758,"score_gpt":0.24931927249565788,"score_spread":0.24100976816113212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053584372","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9630836,0.000104744286,0.014793613,0.0018360099,0.00032850428,0.000245458,0.000048084203,0.0001303715,0.019429576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89418304,0.000037525933,0.104688905,0.00027514188,0.00021677196,0.0000073744473,0.000018436882,0.000054937645,0.0005178644],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981115,0.00003856694,0.00041403226,0.00028463156,0.00029391173,0.0008573509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985301,0.00022518219,0.00016169266,0.00031317872,0.00014625883,0.00062359375],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046866343,0.0003174818,0.00037046924,0.00014252584,0.0003294404,0.0002341058,0.00024864794,0.000095959,0.0005473674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015110189,0.00026464777,0.0001016297,0.0001986376,0.00014572243,0.00022002542,0.00014708009,0.00084626314,0.00011307565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009964339,0.0019141616,0.032071248,0.000036913476,0.00089900935,0.00022091602,0.0013353124,0.0019744248,0.6379074,0.14312126,0.020458847,0.15906405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009988685,0.0030195687,0.0112164905,0.0013458276,0.0008654624,0.0013495517,0.0042970367,0.21938394,0.45475674,0.12325541,0.1635922,0.006929094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045472167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017835929,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2174095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008867252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009007646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053790085","doi":"10.1118/1.4894976","title":"Sci—Thur PM: Imaging — 03: A novel Čerenkov detector based on air‐spaced light guiding taper for megavoltage x‐ray imaging","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Health Sciences Centre; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute; Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Physics; Linear particle accelerator; Detector; Photon; Cherenkov radiation; Cladding (metalworking); X-ray detector; Quantum efficiency; Optical fiber; Radiation; Beam (structure); Optoelectronics; Materials science","score_opus":0.01260214564485702,"score_gpt":0.2552643103650985,"score_spread":0.2426621647202415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053790085","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009896584,0.000013103181,0.97879726,0.0067977333,0.0003802855,0.0003449881,0.000033833545,0.0004211929,0.003315011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97482514,2.921443e-7,0.022044007,0.0016594804,0.0012052155,0.00005783542,0.000043451604,0.0000884538,0.00007613162],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975147,0.00003351501,0.000364545,0.0006506337,0.000642675,0.0007938909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99797094,0.00078775844,0.00016589189,0.0006334994,0.0001725745,0.00026934323],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035910073,0.00040636476,0.00046478948,0.000075822325,0.00031817192,0.00007502325,0.0004882661,0.00008591785,0.000074840114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090702955,0.00034925248,0.00024860058,0.00028971155,0.0002786615,0.00019333343,0.00019009663,0.0004346285,0.000059094138],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022074679,0.001581549,0.011105792,0.00018328411,0.00019555476,0.00001984239,0.00027694937,0.0035276276,0.12471489,0.09465674,0.015572248,0.7479448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004251639,0.0001512071,0.0003377779,0.0005833599,0.00011997966,0.000001382522,0.00013260833,0.72778,0.16631827,0.053870805,0.045189682,0.0012632938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002166634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014738475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96492857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009051019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000089246125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055927328","doi":"10.1117/12.2050571","title":"High-performance hyperspectral imaging using virtual slit optics","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Tornado Spectral Systems (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Hyperspectral imaging; Imaging spectrometer; Coded aperture; Spectral imaging; Throughput; Optics; Spectrometer; Spectral resolution; Full spectral imaging; Computer science; Imaging technology; Synthetic aperture radar; Remote sensing; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications; Geology; Detector","score_opus":0.008517021060925523,"score_gpt":0.22121793297185569,"score_spread":0.21270091191093016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055927328","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950696,0.000018054707,0.0012747337,0.0010896124,0.00025762798,0.00028067344,0.000023108945,0.00015256999,0.0018340134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6957709,0.0000074382283,0.3036175,0.0000337413,0.0004483552,0.000019427936,0.0000040159143,0.00004680596,0.00005179817],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979568,1.2764718e-8,0.00059109303,0.00040534802,0.0005181719,0.00052853284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983213,0.00014531295,0.00034912385,0.00008568545,0.0009984714,0.00010009632],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003669833,0.0003501324,0.00043632288,0.000088254266,0.00013570626,0.00011697179,0.00085977843,0.00011408542,0.000010090071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002734693,0.00030167456,0.00041098063,0.00029334327,0.00038606246,0.00060613203,0.00025135587,0.0004155033,0.0000020533569],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002824188,0.00006090231,0.0010691483,0.000058796675,0.00015367584,2.3281661e-8,0.000041604148,0.0014997753,0.3412433,0.65434265,0.00013016838,0.001371695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013814302,0.00033605116,0.0008564341,0.00035992078,0.00022510192,0.000010120498,0.0018176078,0.44116294,0.53400904,0.018374905,0.0007657693,0.00070069707],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012943546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.9663345e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6359678,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013523213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022697111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056538823","doi":"10.1117/12.603728","title":"The complementary nature of triangulation and ladar technologies","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Neptec Design Group (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Ranging; Triangulation; Rendezvous; Lidar; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Laser ranging; Range (aeronautics); Position (finance); Collision avoidance; Remote sensing; Collision; Laser; Aerospace engineering; Optics; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0077901890796798256,"score_gpt":0.23644179861031453,"score_spread":0.2286516095306347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056538823","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900949,0.00022184273,0.00011323094,0.008006924,0.000071788134,0.00036073767,0.000041097952,0.00010627286,0.0009832325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8412151,0.000050101076,0.15846436,0.000020687605,0.00014410038,0.00003284238,0.0000051525176,0.000021341606,0.000046314923],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986919,9.544286e-9,0.00047448144,0.00022774056,0.00034808108,0.00025777856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986905,0.00022027874,0.00032903763,0.00006152392,0.00066836004,0.000030311649],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028980742,0.00019768963,0.0002710995,0.000052376676,0.00011534374,0.00005314192,0.0006128409,0.00014449662,0.0000040415584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002732263,0.00013647978,0.00025408677,0.00020885712,0.00047312546,0.0002975212,0.0002437159,0.0003682574,2.936757e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044134475,0.000047180358,0.0009294968,0.00005611361,0.00022677278,8.746424e-9,0.000048332815,0.000057971534,0.15094627,0.83814853,0.000902548,0.008592637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022050473,0.00042063335,0.002860031,0.00036538634,0.00025458555,0.0000063836524,0.010187528,0.03318486,0.82861274,0.09507746,0.026237536,0.0005877847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000055893665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8837652e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7430711,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005484179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011322317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5565484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056574819","doi":"10.1117/12.561087","title":"1.5-μm optical up-conversion: wafer fusion and related issues","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Wafer; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Photodetector; Energy conversion efficiency; Infrared; Quantum efficiency; Optics; Diode; Light-emitting diode; Physics","score_opus":0.007961190904147387,"score_gpt":0.2271972277111005,"score_spread":0.21923603680695314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056574819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98961246,0.00009513545,0.00013110545,0.0059330524,0.00023035298,0.0003653628,0.000017983777,0.0001568385,0.0034577227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84083503,0.000060046365,0.15839024,0.00004212804,0.00023558484,0.000034868095,0.0000078772455,0.000051145686,0.0003430842],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813366,9.07806e-9,0.00054866716,0.00042368541,0.0004861525,0.0004077998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986402,0.0001035272,0.00023672567,0.00006904952,0.00082653196,0.00012396721],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002626148,0.00032007438,0.00040448434,0.000075542855,0.00012047869,0.000091172325,0.0005676713,0.00020665918,0.000025747348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026116415,0.0002599047,0.00039655887,0.0002751904,0.00047951905,0.0004832866,0.00032446987,0.00042851843,0.000004278004],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050812498,0.000087110624,0.00041540834,0.00009330294,0.00022841488,1.2434003e-7,0.000121698286,0.00010198883,0.22093901,0.77659494,0.0005371946,0.0008300027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004385497,0.00077618303,0.002292378,0.00085616164,0.00038161175,0.00003533926,0.0047804257,0.011352425,0.81493515,0.1520738,0.007039883,0.0010911587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016666478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.727166e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62452114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000110097564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022068094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058345663","doi":"10.1117/12.729388","title":"Time-resolved non-contact fluorescence diffuse optical tomography measurements with ultra-fast time-correlated single photon counting avalanche photodiodes","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"APDS; Avalanche photodiode; Photomultiplier; Photon counting; Diffuse optical imaging; Silicon photomultiplier; Single-photon avalanche diode; Optics; Detector; Photodiode; Optoelectronics; Physics; Materials science; Tomography; Scintillator","score_opus":0.008919857796716946,"score_gpt":0.20973202109505282,"score_spread":0.20081216329833587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058345663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99124384,0.00002299404,0.00082534685,0.000266558,0.000101237994,0.0007323244,0.000033510805,0.00022157755,0.0065526287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84455675,0.000004108812,0.1549334,0.00003189563,0.00021801455,0.000049837083,0.00001697637,0.00008360809,0.00010541941],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968519,2.9313204e-8,0.0007962391,0.0005920994,0.0009733691,0.0007863408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973568,0.00025947497,0.0004879804,0.00011535755,0.0016006038,0.0001798059],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006853851,0.00051914545,0.00060662767,0.00014581636,0.00015627188,0.00015761614,0.00093232485,0.0002308377,0.000027092274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029934576,0.00041295163,0.00055614917,0.00057606463,0.0005249933,0.0005681858,0.00014586412,0.0005862596,0.0000070775864],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030114857,0.0004504865,0.0030814093,0.00011306449,0.00066232815,3.1884795e-7,0.00013770637,0.00007489225,0.9706526,0.023331866,0.00036100234,0.0008332063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019704234,0.0005233511,0.0014827306,0.0006519261,0.00023957079,0.00000852121,0.00089736347,0.016397167,0.9763609,0.000653781,0.0002249761,0.0005892911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015037248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.5507138e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15410805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018286423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029856112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998322},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059911660","doi":"10.1117/12.440112","title":"&lt;title&gt;Preamplifier impulse-response shape-driven shot-noise in direct-detection photon-counting laser radars&lt;/title&gt;","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alberta Agricultural Research Institute","keywords":"Preamplifier; Physics; Impulse response; Gaussian noise; Detector; Photon counting; Optics; Mathematics; Amplifier; Algorithm; Mathematical analysis; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.009530160389867209,"score_gpt":0.22991674661433756,"score_spread":0.22038658622447035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059911660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97129315,0.000032453638,0.00011461611,0.00042199538,0.00015612997,0.00023694172,0.00002086054,0.00010914163,0.027614687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9744712,0.000024755802,0.024468446,0.000028195387,0.00025489228,0.000041106694,0.0000050013814,0.00004658554,0.0006598145],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878436,2.9772348e-8,0.00034389165,0.00027159887,0.0002991974,0.00030094272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992547,0.00011345586,0.00015592901,0.000056354984,0.00036577016,0.000053760617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025173972,0.00020601902,0.00025009268,0.00009108812,0.00005176229,0.000057868245,0.00037393594,0.00012645544,0.00014084614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024079019,0.00018224248,0.00027018797,0.000282942,0.00012965826,0.00023362332,0.00011822741,0.00026141977,0.000017340852],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016059332,0.000114882314,0.0007472309,0.00006142622,0.00018313025,3.2869363e-7,0.00006682118,0.00016455297,0.8203442,0.16957703,0.0027627277,0.005817064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026051144,0.00045336314,0.0034317474,0.0006923507,0.00025152232,0.000025304651,0.0010703949,0.19754706,0.61026907,0.017239304,0.16490364,0.0015111361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000063286157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8238329e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21007515,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012001465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001698804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7431633},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060408488","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2015.2399432","title":"A Low-Power Photon-Counter Front-End Dedicated to NIRS Brain Imaging","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; CMC Microsystems; Canada Research Chairs; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Transimpedance amplifier; Avalanche photodiode; CMOS; Optoelectronics; Photodetector; Materials science; Chip; Detector; Amplifier; Bandwidth (computing); Preamplifier; Photodiode; Biasing; Front and back ends; Dark current; Voltage; Electrical engineering; Physics; Optics; Operational amplifier; Engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01235132900471537,"score_gpt":0.266461823159922,"score_spread":0.25411049415520665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060408488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9253869,0.00003320807,0.060191162,0.0055726417,0.0011123633,0.00015157906,0.000014393052,0.00017445089,0.007363324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849989,8.309027e-7,0.013228745,0.00059489126,0.0004659886,0.000002447871,0.0000021130513,0.000041742092,0.00066432933],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984085,0.000049959286,0.00033523494,0.00027084336,0.00036048517,0.0005749704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988345,0.00008198456,0.00014351729,0.0002932202,0.00022913089,0.0004176734],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026796182,0.0002334534,0.00026568194,0.00015367546,0.00014890681,0.00015689456,0.00028606612,0.00005443284,0.0003532519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013138368,0.00019951988,0.00011475543,0.00017238491,0.00013843477,0.00023520981,0.00007241644,0.0006208606,0.00049139885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005472163,0.00067541044,0.024174921,0.00001050456,0.00051889307,0.00094692886,0.004053416,0.011530565,0.11140782,0.0019066742,0.7715348,0.07269288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009882438,0.00079414435,0.002660336,0.00086510455,0.00019571974,0.0012590018,0.01348601,0.01780022,0.48078454,0.13449052,0.33399197,0.003789982],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003197906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023457494,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4375428,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001310896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000756318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8136185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061668670","doi":"10.1117/12.2018039","title":"High speed multichannel time-correlated single photon counting electronics based on SiGe integrated time-to-digital converters","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nanoacademic Technologies","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Picosecond; Photon counting; Physics; Photon; Detector; Electronics; Optics; Optoelectronics; Temporal resolution; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Laser","score_opus":0.005452976190815742,"score_gpt":0.19125447100946713,"score_spread":0.18580149481865138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061668670","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942935,0.0000072673593,0.00043048945,0.001462134,0.00011331564,0.0008852537,0.00007453224,0.0002751385,0.0024583663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92074275,0.0000013309582,0.07816378,0.0001525955,0.00016961359,0.00007671421,0.000052565727,0.00010182159,0.00053884485],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976309,2.3470186e-8,0.0006555746,0.00050308317,0.00057587354,0.0006345677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99748385,0.00027420095,0.00036379337,0.000091402195,0.0016378602,0.00014892228],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021752986,0.00045350855,0.0005154714,0.0001387736,0.000097889475,0.00025742917,0.0008040232,0.00020027022,0.00012767632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045583255,0.00038197343,0.00046177927,0.0004786571,0.0002361166,0.0005880939,0.00015946674,0.0005103474,0.00008262249],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013935633,0.0003551652,0.00014493975,0.00007179556,0.00040527197,8.894113e-8,0.00007095832,0.0027208389,0.93137413,0.059591763,0.0032717763,0.0018538915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012763152,0.00066883065,0.00008908882,0.00036069335,0.00009519836,0.0000017346249,0.00054092763,0.6484836,0.34417343,0.002759831,0.0010130022,0.0005373599],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026319552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5020283e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64576274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028383386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035519068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998632},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062090038","doi":"10.1145/2461912.2461945","title":"Low-budget transient imaging using photonic mixer devices","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Computer science; Instrumentation (computer programming); Process (computing); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Photonics; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.013569351593303613,"score_gpt":0.25509575501792214,"score_spread":0.24152640342461854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062090038","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43317246,0.000033856624,0.5649787,0.00089975056,0.00014545786,0.00022318444,0.000012007378,0.00021521875,0.00031931137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96876246,0.000010476099,0.030885579,0.00023032106,0.00002352795,0.000028079754,0.000004590891,0.000030860607,0.000024114497],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989152,0.000021363903,0.00021799722,0.0003090703,0.00016551702,0.0003708778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908495,0.00011912972,0.000056216708,0.0005758891,0.000086306834,0.000077532495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004479568,0.00021162149,0.00017694353,0.00016586341,0.00029892699,0.000071814764,0.00028413467,0.000059127342,0.00028781407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055096275,0.00019775495,0.00016676536,0.00043133562,0.00019168465,0.0003048671,0.0000074975696,0.00040272222,0.000057796344],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005990393,0.0021616041,0.010334457,0.000087825654,0.00068743,0.000015369491,0.0008484205,0.024796814,0.07613633,0.027792871,0.000327786,0.8567512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034186705,0.00032696093,0.012711762,0.00066479685,0.00069182395,0.000030380064,0.004964987,0.15109242,0.41675124,0.3966435,0.009328881,0.0033745961],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022606755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017008457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85337657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002927946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022603517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80642134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063288779","doi":"10.1145/2503368.2503377","title":"Light-in-flight","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.005033648595671787,"score_gpt":0.2160349847060929,"score_spread":0.2110013361104211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063288779","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51432616,0.000009382184,0.014790875,0.0041343374,0.000053385036,0.00013916637,2.195758e-7,0.00021474414,0.46633175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97913015,1.8067838e-7,0.019387744,0.000038905026,0.000025196696,0.000008277107,4.4315414e-7,0.0000044036406,0.0014046899],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966025,0.0000026371283,0.00006961284,0.00009125689,0.00003311906,0.00014313354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998091,0.000018208832,0.00001032775,0.00013046699,0.0000128440515,0.00001909308],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000009443371,0.000050074574,0.00006140462,0.000022516762,0.000014808645,0.00001565625,0.00006854317,0.000017054921,0.0011732171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000039268743,0.00003684301,0.000016721333,0.00007832401,0.000012680574,0.00008805852,0.00004019084,0.00006604499,0.0009981653],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.1066495e-7,0.000058671903,0.033820797,8.1482295e-7,0.000006457804,9.917413e-7,0.0000198526,0.000018292936,0.010454215,0.85967225,0.003879546,0.09206738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028591987,0.000023880633,0.014253571,0.000010621967,0.0000022832717,2.791184e-7,0.00033336165,0.00094051094,0.12350319,0.83804196,0.022358632,0.00024580912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010705317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023480652,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46492708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006508431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002549153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063418157","doi":"10.1007/s00340-015-6019-y","title":"Liquid-nitrogen cooled, free-running single-photon sensitive detector at telecommunication wavelengths","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Detector; Photodetection; Photonics; Optics; Photodetector; Optoelectronics; Photon; Wavelength; Physics; Quantum information science; Quantum optics; Photon counting; Optical communication; Materials science; Quantum","score_opus":0.024373365340363055,"score_gpt":0.24176597830599367,"score_spread":0.21739261296563062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063418157","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93644947,0.000023518678,0.035008315,0.000117931755,0.00008091798,0.000404348,0.000034836557,0.00044926265,0.02743141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729153,0.0000011922382,0.02652005,0.00007383237,0.00023293545,0.000041883515,0.00010946465,0.000058801834,0.00004656261],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986712,0.00002659365,0.00025149313,0.00037904806,0.00023635245,0.00043533655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99834865,0.0001734034,0.0001885894,0.0010020977,0.00015554637,0.00013168076],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009975944,0.0002862836,0.00030857575,0.000034500332,0.00020284293,0.000040937062,0.00039538176,0.000094431234,0.0000133206795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028362616,0.00029466418,0.00008735956,0.00027799493,0.00020014013,0.000118235126,0.00066557294,0.00034770466,0.00019902547],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006535599,0.0006107799,0.00079057144,0.000015259178,0.0003580202,0.0000062704066,0.0016347102,0.0031834112,0.6275032,0.27725396,0.0014412396,0.08654903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008617758,0.00011048611,0.000026153657,0.000016773434,0.000046609814,9.962733e-7,0.0006974396,0.0016505865,0.8550498,0.13856223,0.0025534627,0.0004237298],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005749023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000056290614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22754656,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021029961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004063179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064029422","doi":"10.1109/tase.2014.2308011","title":"Automatic Identification of Large Fragments in a Pile of Broken Rock Using a Time-of-Flight Camera","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Digging; Artificial intelligence; Point cloud; Feature (linguistics); Identification (biology); Process (computing); Point (geometry); Computer vision; Computer science; Range (aeronautics); Engineering; Field (mathematics); Geology; Mathematics; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.007531321307762623,"score_gpt":0.24799039199517162,"score_spread":0.240459070687409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064029422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51786447,0.0000014358683,0.48201594,0.0000064014343,0.000025268335,0.0000455566,0.0000035468443,0.000022831815,0.000014561296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883366,6.38734e-7,0.01164671,0.0000014234192,0.0000025799914,0.0000035008538,4.1012729e-7,0.0000042884244,0.0000038148955],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932295,0.0000068362788,0.00027612655,0.00010929415,0.00017640769,0.00010835765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995949,0.000049890146,0.000106773194,0.00016313874,0.00006624125,0.0000190264],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023227588,0.000060106384,0.00013020186,0.00027298174,0.00004141734,0.000009354178,0.00010492732,0.000021791748,0.000012209057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022561499,0.000060243707,0.000020412506,0.0005461325,0.00005094987,0.0002401429,0.0000030725612,0.000054890515,0.0000016871388],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015988993,0.00007473263,0.00013659026,0.000041920124,0.0000068325467,2.6913366e-8,0.00033060115,0.37004888,0.6149858,0.0006654115,5.943828e-7,0.013706993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010503268,0.000013717458,0.0012379396,0.000061899664,0.000005066808,1.7126106e-7,0.00005309933,0.699016,0.29932082,0.00014779705,0.0000016314009,0.000036837235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001776635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.9844372e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4704722,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002579677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019263525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24566671},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066196110","doi":"10.1364/oe.20.025867","title":"Complex-optical-field lidar system for range and vector velocity measurement","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ciena (Canada)","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Remote sensing; Range (aeronautics); Atmospheric optics; Vector field; Physics; Materials science; Geology","score_opus":0.04790283007455319,"score_gpt":0.269450291500905,"score_spread":0.2215474614263518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066196110","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2007134,0.00022999983,0.78573316,0.00054776325,0.0004509311,0.0007941412,0.00005784276,0.00035306977,0.011119715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8626811,0.0000012015134,0.1369672,0.000020079498,0.00023730914,0.00004553146,0.0000042907095,0.00001949827,0.000023804063],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900776,0.000014357093,0.0001812249,0.00019097449,0.00019089958,0.00041477292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922,0.00019556668,0.00006200608,0.0002763751,0.00012360174,0.00012246009],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018526781,0.0001615301,0.00023243936,0.000023963066,0.00014033842,0.000046852252,0.00012965429,0.00006976876,0.00001034457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000083038685,0.00014580808,0.000057555382,0.0000490776,0.00007900266,0.00011011163,0.00012255281,0.00012650773,0.0000098645305],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009744496,0.0002755087,0.006306319,0.00020128868,0.00015580923,0.0000011214671,0.00025665053,0.000033055003,0.06373171,0.8971712,0.0007510682,0.0310188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006321709,0.0008106014,0.01598869,0.0007346872,0.0006189073,0.000013286328,0.004421701,0.013826364,0.86801195,0.02573087,0.060714927,0.0028062847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009682829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.8357714e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87144035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049253693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009324586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5945881},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068079868","doi":"10.2118/2009-163","title":"LiDAR Technology as a Means of Improving Geologic, Geophysical and Reservoir Engineering Evaluations: From Rocks to Realistic Fluid Flow Models","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian International Petroleum Conference","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geology; Petroleum engineering; Fluid dynamics; Reservoir engineering; Lidar; Flow (mathematics); Exploration geophysics; Geophysics; Geophysical fluid dynamics; Geophysical imaging; Remote sensing; Petroleum; Mechanics","score_opus":0.015461755222959655,"score_gpt":0.2493053156664679,"score_spread":0.23384356044350826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068079868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7843003,0.000028002934,0.20634644,0.0047980268,0.00008880973,0.00011304844,0.00020633942,0.00008130322,0.0040376903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804628,0.0000023930797,0.01921076,0.00008336514,0.00007205177,0.000016750093,0.000051235555,0.0000089494615,0.00009168357],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900424,0.00000987316,0.00022109516,0.00031994647,0.00017147601,0.00027338846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916285,0.000084132786,0.0000614416,0.0002573687,0.0002663403,0.00016787059],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000051693467,0.00015146058,0.00020133158,0.00029964358,0.000055418386,0.00004692654,0.00036969464,0.00008464553,0.00008534771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003047426,0.00016157844,0.000034484838,0.00014345348,0.00007412758,0.00013672288,0.00008767471,0.00021182216,0.000013510746],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003112771,0.00004049809,0.001838619,0.0000037423983,0.000086354696,0.00001491582,0.00014444768,0.29042423,0.012437157,0.6539113,0.00009473865,0.04097285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019876768,0.00010723349,0.0024236992,0.000060091057,0.0000163692,0.0000017257971,0.00012821167,0.6825303,0.0018538958,0.31213182,0.00036645719,0.00018142872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03235744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003988433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39210606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012991675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020009036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97408617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069425751","doi":"10.1364/fio.2003.mk1","title":"Direct-detection doppler lidar: Technology and applications","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Computer science; Lidar; Doppler effect; Publishing; Telecommunications; World Wide Web; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.004698666128241774,"score_gpt":0.21848682938356767,"score_spread":0.2137881632553259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069425751","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.034552723,0.0002616205,0.9393912,0.00013902037,0.00018441991,0.00025228408,0.000004853926,0.0001947093,0.025019173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.79681724,0.000018793275,0.20290777,0.0000073401675,0.000023959345,0.000046202556,0.0000015656199,0.000011119607,0.0001660041],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994271,0.000009725687,0.00012306706,0.00019900786,0.0000460482,0.0001950933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966735,0.000020776084,0.00003829897,0.00022285958,0.000024488496,0.000026241194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004588119,0.00009579496,0.00013629714,0.00019270426,0.00006257904,0.000016979386,0.00007446012,0.00008795379,0.000004793398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029982128,0.00009813879,0.000017089726,0.00046113454,0.00017584806,0.000052820807,0.00003689893,0.00018780128,0.0000047686713],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006960007,0.00011489726,0.10243504,0.000008319182,0.000043540247,0.0000018575342,0.000038899143,0.00032753253,0.00142584,0.60506237,0.000352723,0.29018202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063442026,0.00006951097,0.00071402243,0.000017528077,0.00003203682,0.0000059710264,0.001776346,0.0017741118,0.064692736,0.8181141,0.111724235,0.00044495723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000022463323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010057314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76226455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030998588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009052119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4001984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070170408","doi":"10.1109/civemsa.2013.6617388","title":"An infrared-based depth camera for gesture-based control of virtual environments","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Gesture recognition; Gesture; Robustness (evolution); Centroid; Depth map; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.0070496371989348565,"score_gpt":0.23224101334512168,"score_spread":0.2251913761461868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070170408","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19125292,0.0000035295134,0.8071921,0.00020414878,0.000023050172,0.00044020428,0.00002870562,0.00007298645,0.00078236987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94150573,5.7137107e-8,0.057976305,0.00021754779,0.000027762004,0.00007378054,0.000032631408,0.000016722257,0.00014943628],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99929804,0.000014502819,0.00017741798,0.00018945865,0.000098258046,0.00022232151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999339,0.00016890545,0.000082019105,0.0003218243,0.000028993583,0.000059298985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000031589858,0.00013307408,0.00019112408,0.00003406153,0.00004488541,0.000017113345,0.00015491333,0.0000555552,0.00019172717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017043394,0.0001085489,0.0000717365,0.000043073316,0.00014043029,0.00010789271,0.000010128058,0.00008063526,0.000022171334],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026082867,0.001927801,0.12996817,0.00002192066,0.00022541027,9.995283e-7,0.000043848933,0.077938676,0.2818972,0.18150988,0.001419562,0.32478574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007451886,0.001676512,0.022828177,0.000027729513,0.00008319838,8.2842746e-8,0.00041199452,0.20848353,0.7129285,0.039772287,0.0056454525,0.00069064734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059024023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015307122,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75025284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016238471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002022398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44264954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072608129","doi":"10.1117/12.974754","title":"An all-optronic synthetic aperture lidar","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Synthetic aperture radar; Computer science; Remote sensing; Radar imaging; Lidar; Image resolution; Computer vision; Inverse synthetic aperture radar; Aperture (computer memory); Data processing; Side looking airborne radar; Artificial intelligence; Radar; Geology; Bistatic radar; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0100977602072784,"score_gpt":0.2390866335553862,"score_spread":0.2289888733481078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072608129","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928548,0.00011218797,0.00030073896,0.0019332533,0.00019627644,0.00038363945,0.00004483404,0.00018209386,0.0039922255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85275346,0.00001589413,0.14638981,0.000082832536,0.0005250114,0.00007213934,0.000011266366,0.00006263667,0.00008696368],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99794513,1.274033e-8,0.0005206798,0.00035983464,0.00050972286,0.00066463114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850214,0.00019030321,0.0002980077,0.0001036948,0.0007249188,0.00018094458],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003822983,0.00035813483,0.00040877296,0.00007205138,0.00009326961,0.000093019844,0.0009920635,0.00018884779,0.00003247032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030128838,0.000286445,0.0005420591,0.00023847514,0.00031023644,0.00084585306,0.00019198692,0.00045274774,0.0000057126267],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028928254,0.00019835944,0.0013308623,0.00007123945,0.00029579125,1.842031e-8,0.00010825891,0.000049610164,0.30732593,0.6892518,0.0005344839,0.0008047364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035141998,0.0014800166,0.0042359177,0.0009280793,0.0010923073,0.000039979233,0.010310948,0.058740035,0.78926504,0.056806087,0.07088807,0.002699308],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007935056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3084834e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6324457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001235374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019908099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072775569","doi":"10.1117/12.809880","title":"Three-dimensional localization of discrete fluorescent inclusions from multiple tomographic projections in the time-domain","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Fluorescence; Optics; Photon; Photon counting; Physics; Wavefront; Detector; Time domain; Absorption (acoustics); Scattering; Materials science; Computer science; Computer vision","score_opus":0.00749406329404931,"score_gpt":0.22437447262586013,"score_spread":0.21688040933181083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072775569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99374235,0.000035491084,0.0018853938,0.003098465,0.000062916544,0.00061540445,0.00008571196,0.00006196084,0.0004123365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87865275,0.00000572175,0.12103814,0.000052974825,0.00014270189,0.000050820752,0.000027588432,0.00002190333,0.000007379198],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982548,3.8115e-8,0.00059425656,0.00030888818,0.00054703356,0.00029499087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867177,0.00023442681,0.00030743823,0.000083482904,0.0006547068,0.000048166745],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032817663,0.00024312433,0.00032829584,0.00011112751,0.00012187676,0.000044912984,0.00070351036,0.000121784964,0.000009973316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026065845,0.00017288573,0.00040808553,0.00056816067,0.0002893075,0.00028566184,0.00017272624,0.00033131812,7.677891e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000103929146,0.0004169315,0.005771989,0.000043664324,0.00021867447,8.7481105e-8,0.00028442693,0.0019252582,0.34249613,0.64680886,0.00094529416,0.0009847602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00328704,0.0008728769,0.01956659,0.0010556779,0.00030457822,0.000006502123,0.0038457012,0.4966635,0.18303029,0.28920946,0.0012410787,0.0009166975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000065406006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013169526,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49473825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006877426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002325954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70500755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074640843","doi":"10.1109/biocas.2011.6107791","title":"Fully integrated CMOS avalanche photodiode and distributed-gain TIA for CW-fNIRS","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Transimpedance amplifier; Avalanche photodiode; CMOS; Amplifier; Photodiode; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Operational amplifier; Detector","score_opus":0.023434516563309277,"score_gpt":0.23575898806110662,"score_spread":0.21232447149779735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074640843","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1607822,0.000020697516,0.82664675,0.00017686785,0.000060263403,0.00034110007,0.00016827419,0.00034867512,0.011455188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91237897,0.000001253129,0.08709624,0.000030636584,0.000025025774,0.000025535677,0.00007031089,0.000013905529,0.0003581261],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993131,0.000008031077,0.00014230487,0.00022938225,0.000045920096,0.00026125571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956536,0.00006649358,0.000044132514,0.00020762338,0.0000610564,0.00005534472],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005152309,0.00014428695,0.00016933255,0.000023360379,0.00007382536,0.000023186823,0.00011260946,0.000058143585,0.00014946768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036620215,0.00010981406,0.000048310572,0.000089591806,0.00013265655,0.00007545677,0.00006941233,0.00012362657,0.000019290394],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023907589,0.0003830079,0.04487282,0.00003011031,0.00028238056,0.0000066972157,0.00036293094,0.0000368345,0.0139602395,0.6946426,0.008508322,0.236675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002722068,0.0005634903,0.0051548127,0.000080222184,0.00014772791,0.0000053776516,0.004262451,0.015559243,0.43715686,0.488276,0.044748865,0.0013228954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000100756566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008763614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75159675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015176706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014206901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44780874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077377457","doi":"10.1109/dtis.2008.4540240","title":"High precision time-to-amplitude converter for diffuse optical tomography applications","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Integrator; Scanner; Diffuse optical imaging; Digital micromirror device; Time-to-digital converter; CMOS; Analog-to-digital converter; Optical tomography; Dead time; Photon counting; Image resolution; Computer science; Amplitude; Physics; Optics; Electronic engineering; Optoelectronics; Electronic circuit; Detector; Tomography; Voltage; Engineering; Telecommunications; Bandwidth (computing)","score_opus":0.011095727305356778,"score_gpt":0.24503255586647973,"score_spread":0.23393682856112297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077377457","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.052806333,0.000003720395,0.94207335,0.00059854594,0.000025835825,0.00069552084,0.000023354298,0.00029045215,0.0034828845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6725709,3.2049869e-7,0.32577643,0.00011024762,0.00006990721,0.00021519288,0.000024192106,0.000015683392,0.0012171334],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992009,0.000004233615,0.00016533666,0.0002827021,0.00009678921,0.00025003505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923134,0.00021617935,0.000025613705,0.0003582798,0.0000748371,0.000093722716],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002630635,0.00012564621,0.00016760662,0.0000589822,0.00014190978,0.00001897949,0.00017699228,0.000048324364,0.00023976203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015253458,0.00010249842,0.00009497274,0.00017736701,0.00011521216,0.00006099635,0.00009393161,0.00008028557,0.0005304826],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008393937,0.0011062585,0.003884656,0.000008087568,0.00012857186,0.0000014163869,0.000055582484,0.00016326622,0.016343921,0.6621506,0.01447391,0.30159974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046622697,0.00073958316,0.013276688,0.00004562486,0.00012516153,0.0000075380703,0.00014405829,0.005567592,0.15051393,0.5970139,0.22608383,0.0018198607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005967289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8493125e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61976457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012236134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000091045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6818458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077892813","doi":"10.1117/12.681189","title":"Modeling of avalanche photodiodes by Crosslight APSYS","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Crosslight Software (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; APDS; Dark current; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Photodiode; Breakdown voltage; Single-photon avalanche diode; Band diagram; Electronic engineering; Voltage; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Photodetector; Engineering; Detector; Telecommunications; Band gap","score_opus":0.007990383086514263,"score_gpt":0.22172130419278055,"score_spread":0.2137309211062663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077892813","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99222404,0.00010400364,0.0013883864,0.0007918595,0.00009897209,0.0003390018,0.00008783028,0.00011000081,0.0048559126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85127765,0.000013310771,0.1482349,0.0000144372125,0.00020740695,0.000049259987,0.00001433338,0.000045084307,0.00014361662],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997992,8.707399e-9,0.00072932284,0.0003582284,0.0005139419,0.00040653552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982594,0.00010176986,0.00034404272,0.00007254768,0.0011609979,0.00006122608],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027489022,0.00030956254,0.00046494053,0.000066391505,0.00008100746,0.00006994008,0.0007770172,0.00015588058,0.000013490936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014201738,0.00025789085,0.000557966,0.00026573217,0.00032930565,0.00037068396,0.00018320678,0.00030521385,0.0000010326509],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003235971,0.000121249606,0.0008240875,0.00011447975,0.0001738942,1.7824318e-8,0.000035580673,0.0013550179,0.49222353,0.50304,0.001922164,0.00015759109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009987404,0.00015663457,0.00015823367,0.00026838132,0.0001321191,0.0000025429097,0.0009626614,0.19101281,0.77516097,0.029556,0.0011577065,0.00043322943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058333906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.5085866e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47348404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000762094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019305566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999873},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079299242","doi":"10.1214/aos/1079120135","title":"On the forward and backward algorithms of projection pursuit","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Annals of Statistics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Projection pursuit; Mathematics; Projection (relational algebra); Context (archaeology); Algorithm; Discriminant; Nonparametric statistics; Block (permutation group theory); Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Combinatorics; Computer science","score_opus":0.05702103796346973,"score_gpt":0.3234504554417389,"score_spread":0.26642941747826915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079299242","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28321373,0.00004506569,0.708196,0.005899654,0.000060418977,0.00032719036,0.00034545612,0.00003277457,0.001879681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96872205,0.000022125496,0.031129703,0.000057345595,0.000020845044,0.000003202609,0.0000036311853,0.0000064235314,0.000034704604],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99957865,0.000012477622,0.0001228712,0.00006898434,0.00011526806,0.000101735044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999323,0.00030298345,0.000100442834,0.00017406652,0.00008795412,0.000011542099],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011152708,0.00006320122,0.00010145197,0.000015646989,0.000056594523,0.000008819631,0.00011233721,0.000016251926,0.000009189496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010217867,0.00003427566,0.000020352378,0.00007461535,0.00027141877,0.000021610853,0.000049241877,0.0000926986,0.0000029215612],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016830003,0.000038592563,0.000051497977,0.0000059818403,0.00003132506,2.1859067e-7,0.00012499133,0.00037398003,0.00024956293,0.93165386,0.0007017091,0.06675143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011650473,0.0001895042,0.0007359799,0.000026587686,0.000013071467,3.2784388e-7,0.0003710901,0.00042512035,0.03020013,0.9676303,0.00024331389,0.000048049358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057948662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014605965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68550825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000031979207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013089965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13977209},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080582082","doi":"10.1117/12.974862","title":"Using optical fiber sidewall to capture light from an adjustable depth","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Optical fiber; Materials science; Optics; Fiber; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.016738563319161914,"score_gpt":0.2557021195875497,"score_spread":0.23896355626838778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080582082","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914609,0.00006471449,0.0006965842,0.0017214786,0.00020945114,0.00044735376,0.00006201279,0.00014567583,0.0051917816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.589415,0.000002471833,0.40961614,0.0000777355,0.0006470804,0.000040693638,0.000010006531,0.000060490464,0.000130394],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977055,1.8443998e-8,0.0005808008,0.0004363133,0.0005673945,0.00070997485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982465,0.00014519457,0.00024897573,0.000107845626,0.0009568449,0.00029466246],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029859514,0.00039092373,0.00047954652,0.00008187943,0.00010713027,0.0001203471,0.00087092817,0.00021873007,0.00005406258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031044908,0.00032532285,0.00044592784,0.0003236211,0.00017331893,0.00094926957,0.0003376591,0.00044337433,0.000008125418],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060476166,0.00021691078,0.001878025,0.000054412933,0.00031759884,5.99145e-8,0.00026160027,0.00042572527,0.48557642,0.5091019,0.0011922305,0.00091459905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016469205,0.00042594652,0.003070532,0.0005390963,0.0006088246,0.0000118324115,0.006349581,0.031057,0.9224346,0.017295323,0.015110087,0.0014502432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000604994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9920542e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4918066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017317563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028297964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081089343","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2013.2282624","title":"Low-Noise, High-Gain Transimpedance Amplifier Integrated With SiAPD for Low-Intensity Near-Infrared Light Detection","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canada Research Chairs; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Transimpedance amplifier; Optoelectronics; CMOS; Materials science; Avalanche photodiode; Amplifier; Photodiode; Preamplifier; Low-noise amplifier; Electrical engineering; Physics; Optics; Operational amplifier; Engineering; Detector","score_opus":0.00660272575008562,"score_gpt":0.21386049818543795,"score_spread":0.20725777243535234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081089343","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6616002,0.000006979176,0.3368947,0.00047739354,0.00034353076,0.00034098653,0.000013378855,0.00014008665,0.00018279515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9693486,0.0000030904716,0.029468622,0.00008418358,0.00036047128,0.000019350593,0.000006090743,0.000054835265,0.0006547191],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838805,0.000046580513,0.00039950165,0.00034455734,0.00022640455,0.00059490296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844855,0.00012012189,0.00024425614,0.00031584402,0.0006842509,0.0001869573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012176317,0.00032899514,0.00041704025,0.00008943328,0.0004402085,0.00027081347,0.00020534862,0.0001360878,0.00011046795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057154208,0.0002441777,0.00016480318,0.00028574816,0.00020364023,0.00038392618,0.000015823138,0.0007712012,0.000063828964],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020209497,0.0006724232,0.0020829684,0.000071068695,0.00087818847,0.00008382104,0.00080886635,0.04351184,0.7225115,0.0014422785,0.01044528,0.21547087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027419324,0.0006099471,0.0021988868,0.00026782887,0.000110334615,0.00012562802,0.0010152344,0.027370406,0.9294923,0.032639846,0.0025673078,0.0008603358],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008321072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012106005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30774847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000980641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000062123065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957277},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081400509","doi":"10.1364/qim.2012.qw1b.1","title":"Adaptive Quantum Measurement via Swarm-intelligence Machine Learning","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in Optical Sciences","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Construct (python library); Quantum decoherence; Interferometry; Artificial intelligence; Swarm intelligence; Phase (matter); Quantum; Algorithm; Machine learning; Particle swarm optimization; Physics; Optics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.2697304670787035,"score_gpt":0.42376580575875283,"score_spread":0.15403533868004932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081400509","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37441093,0.0010588564,0.54138374,0.004382199,0.00036595963,0.00077195454,0.000003546862,0.00026931104,0.0773535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826355,0.000012970965,0.017191613,0.0000059067283,0.00009698683,0.000017214235,4.674704e-7,0.0000070535502,0.000032293243],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99676806,0.00019303657,0.00021426451,0.0003295464,0.0012917913,0.0012032788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988298,0.00062260823,0.000030308467,0.0001620944,0.00014879584,0.0002063931],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004116387,0.00012229224,0.00016105601,0.00017491657,0.00039186943,0.0000742205,0.00047678017,0.00004720503,0.000104442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00051622826,0.00009137306,0.000040589923,0.0011207227,0.0014833834,0.00031836584,0.0003671476,0.0008503765,0.0001950755],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022396862,0.0003132665,0.04512762,0.0000047891017,0.000008571425,0.0000036886304,0.00014470676,0.0032252176,0.0013676622,0.7633279,0.000015475098,0.18643874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002477644,0.0009950257,0.009317556,0.00019269543,0.0000072555995,0.000004075677,0.005681284,0.30771184,0.046548594,0.62623787,0.0024184892,0.0006375422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003126621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008513991,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6082246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014638237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057249024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5465588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084307175","doi":"10.1038/srep00445","title":"Hybrid Dispersion Laser Scanner","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs; UCLA AIDS Institute; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington; National Cancer Institute; Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Institutes of Health; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","keywords":"Laser scanning; Scanner; Dispersion (optics); Computer science; Laser; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.00995339400597041,"score_gpt":0.24149781452519364,"score_spread":0.23154442051922322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084307175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97867936,0.000041120406,0.0045668622,0.00013879678,0.004420448,0.00009330014,0.0000016632897,0.00014955064,0.011908879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918836,1.1350836e-7,0.00382046,0.0000086532455,0.00014590753,0.0000035870225,0.000024397792,0.000009377374,0.004103955],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998986,0.000008297556,0.00016675079,0.0002850676,0.00019811354,0.00035578434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991973,0.000014784227,0.00008875235,0.00055612496,0.000046457764,0.00009656194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027259675,0.000088425564,0.00009126314,0.000047480495,0.00021430521,0.00008183449,0.00007172274,0.000017030248,0.00030453556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034797606,0.00007002831,0.00006004699,0.00014538925,0.00021888937,0.00027107252,0.000109977766,0.00008709984,0.00015372092],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009909009,0.0006373623,0.56655246,0.000011739379,0.000060876973,0.00012316722,0.000257815,0.00036576766,0.045456726,0.03242121,0.18502809,0.16907488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009647785,0.0000113613605,0.0033034708,0.000025376368,0.000022641678,0.000045821293,0.00018392563,0.00019334846,0.4972364,0.16611548,0.33240753,0.00035815462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010491205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.2298258e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.563249,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019713096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014080787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33344507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084948190","doi":"10.1117/12.721747","title":"High speed short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging and range gating cameras","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Barrick Gold (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Starlight; Camouflage; Computer science; Optics; Laser; Wavefront; Infrared; Remote sensing; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Geology","score_opus":0.0096689243068439,"score_gpt":0.23097374584195496,"score_spread":0.22130482153511105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084948190","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99385095,0.00006355606,0.0006246511,0.0010775774,0.00015813833,0.00040538004,0.000029004785,0.00014901714,0.0036417404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76778615,0.000011862768,0.23162885,0.0000483968,0.00036764238,0.00001620609,0.0000065645218,0.00004898791,0.00008533839],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979186,9.482272e-9,0.00066169066,0.00040890375,0.0004842838,0.0005264881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983236,0.00023242514,0.00027418803,0.00006600037,0.0009806899,0.00012309411],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005421681,0.0003377219,0.0004285405,0.000100700134,0.000121342426,0.000112685695,0.00047858278,0.00011934186,0.0000115783005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003616245,0.00029263433,0.00035159008,0.00029186692,0.0003938064,0.00050677103,0.000279543,0.00042262988,7.6819276e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057771347,0.000066772256,0.006332973,0.00010710827,0.00026092023,2.4778578e-7,0.00014106127,0.000044083357,0.35853553,0.6292886,0.0005209972,0.0046439236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032563123,0.0004166507,0.016119627,0.0009448829,0.00047057745,0.000041239844,0.012288877,0.06043235,0.8340295,0.06755993,0.0028003154,0.0016397572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023809103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.1055915e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56172866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000105571584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015297903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086707973","doi":"10.1145/2818710","title":"From 3D Sensing to Printing","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Pipeline (software); 3D printing; Process (computing); Computer science; Systems engineering; Software; Emerging technologies; Data science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.0387864669674036,"score_gpt":0.3142582660074021,"score_spread":0.27547179903999847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086707973","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02057049,0.00003534875,0.97426254,0.0030779846,0.00004757491,0.0004288289,0.0000375446,0.00034167082,0.0011980224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5115807,0.000004026235,0.4882105,0.00006064054,0.00006185981,0.000025270809,0.000023475255,0.000013210708,0.0000203038],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990185,0.00004695615,0.0002733839,0.00032371978,0.00011662885,0.000220836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968718,0.0008214217,0.0000829836,0.0018915399,0.00014329812,0.00018894968],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012386625,0.00016240527,0.00017086114,0.000107372034,0.0005789926,0.00007553344,0.00062934216,0.000051370836,0.000009566793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004679784,0.00017206359,0.000042891126,0.00040124136,0.00017875263,0.000073862495,0.00015663651,0.0003592115,0.000099930825],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030413796,0.00011990096,0.0002649062,9.662082e-7,0.000030069228,8.1454516e-8,0.00056823745,0.0021767002,0.00060736825,0.001674691,0.000024661947,0.99452937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002106804,0.00017497223,0.0017574625,0.0002628898,0.00024577908,0.000007322377,0.0104956,0.7137364,0.008692275,0.12357733,0.13732691,0.0016162384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036324855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014976074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9929131,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041198688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031777912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.701655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090143965","doi":"10.1109/crv.2013.24","title":"A Method for Dynamic Selection of Optimal Depth Measurements Acquisition with Random Access Range Sensors","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Range (aeronautics); Data acquisition; Azimuth; Dimension (graph theory); Field (mathematics); Computer vision; Lidar; Random access; Artificial intelligence; Measure (data warehouse); Real-time computing; Data mining; Remote sensing; Engineering","score_opus":0.023965348371561977,"score_gpt":0.3173371315257966,"score_spread":0.2933717831542346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090143965","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25658518,0.0000024442527,0.74193466,0.00009530885,0.000016194774,0.00054665795,0.0000029781836,0.00008455046,0.0007320273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5891823,1.7283077e-7,0.4106546,0.000007826814,0.000014126731,0.000057473415,0.000006317459,0.000009730079,0.00006741682],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993314,0.000025885683,0.00015252795,0.00018359738,0.00011986361,0.00018670551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931526,0.00009970617,0.000097439624,0.0001128222,0.00034795556,0.000026807642],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009461296,0.0001152553,0.00019540376,0.000052014504,0.00005878829,0.000033809887,0.0000937449,0.000037569236,0.000104528146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017218486,0.00008341417,0.00005571913,0.00014756215,0.00003941814,0.00026809744,0.000029213497,0.00006110562,0.000004680483],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0033821613,0.0009902446,0.11906466,0.00017827452,0.0015424142,5.8506225e-7,0.00020174259,0.09553314,0.2047899,0.016352873,0.0014358447,0.55652815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0111571,0.0006490795,0.01995901,0.00009191167,0.00024208658,0.0000023619357,0.00055486185,0.3837869,0.55624086,0.026519332,0.00014856085,0.00064795144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015075221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012337966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5558802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028162453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011687467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34015313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090345877","doi":"10.1007/s10470-011-9641-6","title":"CMOS silicon avalanche photodiodes for NIR light detection: a survey","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; CMOS; Photodiode; Near-infrared spectroscopy; SIGNAL (programming language); Optoelectronics; Materials science; Integrated circuit; Computer science; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications; Detector","score_opus":0.0385804813330103,"score_gpt":0.2507124367050615,"score_spread":0.2121319553720512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090345877","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41193223,0.0005150363,0.5796214,0.00003957049,0.00009667649,0.00039087544,0.000054064727,0.00032048658,0.007029672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986894,0.000003909746,0.0010043909,0.000045816636,0.00006505402,0.00003201863,0.000028401902,0.000025297351,0.000105676525],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998883,0.000036830796,0.0002559828,0.00038924112,0.000090105656,0.0003448199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932647,0.00009746207,0.00012554445,0.0001310277,0.00024177048,0.00007770517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020749994,0.00022695391,0.00027613854,0.000081828155,0.00030592564,0.000097888296,0.00013618814,0.00010946659,0.00008401053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040022733,0.00017869931,0.000063881474,0.0002673193,0.00014232862,0.00021724976,0.000026428928,0.0002615987,0.0000054217135],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058762893,0.000111671565,0.015958663,0.000038522852,0.00009316697,0.0000033987887,0.00043242297,0.0000074775962,0.046741918,0.0019748625,0.000096457974,0.9344827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016316359,0.00078771124,0.017861584,0.00038760892,0.00019878044,0.000020470758,0.003165298,0.019699743,0.8394909,0.11301382,0.0023051763,0.0014372661],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032267158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006367091,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9330454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021189137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005240432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72871464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091455162","doi":"10.1117/12.899386","title":"High-axial-resolution distributed lateral displacement measurement based on differential pulse-width pair BOTDA","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Displacement (psychology); Differential (mechanical device); Materials science; Pulse-width modulation; Computer science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Voltage","score_opus":0.016479221708746425,"score_gpt":0.21459992474515363,"score_spread":0.19812070303640722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091455162","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99284834,0.000008088572,0.0040106857,0.0013583128,0.00027329064,0.0005523708,0.00012631573,0.00015830589,0.0006642727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9209896,0.0000024097085,0.078510985,0.00002906945,0.00024769863,0.000112852744,0.000033954213,0.000045155466,0.000028314798],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99754477,3.0335116e-8,0.0006200899,0.00043918155,0.0008953791,0.00050057465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99831474,0.00006998862,0.00036112306,0.00009257227,0.0010457311,0.000115856914],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033838887,0.00038888876,0.00041814925,0.00007955462,0.00010512921,0.0000763604,0.00069719355,0.0001476516,0.00005286082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020177293,0.00031032896,0.00054590416,0.00022538929,0.00024676035,0.00028497365,0.00017745768,0.00035679582,0.0000025851934],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032428236,0.0006738035,0.0024318276,0.0001373402,0.00047481759,1.05013065e-7,0.00008637678,0.0005958911,0.18808506,0.8054988,0.001038599,0.0006531339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048924047,0.0019197871,0.013782679,0.0009143772,0.0005252064,0.0000022238373,0.00081757264,0.1641687,0.78014314,0.029901182,0.0016479542,0.0012847426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003637663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.657175e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7755976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002632623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025159574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092705708","doi":"10.1145/641865.641868","title":"View planning for automated three-dimensional object reconstruction and inspection","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ACM Computing Surveys","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":449,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Triangulation; Process (computing); Object (grammar); Frame (networking); 3D reconstruction; Set (abstract data type); Range (aeronautics); Reference frame; Task (project management)","score_opus":0.062026129823939694,"score_gpt":0.35223365799846984,"score_spread":0.29020752817453016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092705708","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00085118855,0.9114317,0.08373158,0.000011803119,0.0009750658,0.0009292598,0.00004315678,0.0018367341,0.00018947864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007745317,0.30333,0.6857848,0.000036177626,0.0013210378,0.00011241397,0.0011395083,0.0004420951,0.00008863468],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998264,0.0002780827,0.00049570383,0.000530158,0.00009926394,0.00033279986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977893,0.0012725365,0.00041202232,0.0003907228,0.00009087304,0.0000444942],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007945242,0.00037716236,0.0010111114,0.00012648053,0.00034194993,0.00006714125,0.00018147411,0.00020245466,0.0000046831037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024685095,0.00033659503,0.00018791859,0.00029711062,0.00011713662,0.00006956716,0.00019931722,0.00039490667,0.000008078622],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.667081e-7,0.000012189029,0.00032305875,0.0005170866,0.000102668484,7.496038e-7,0.0000032848357,0.00017365116,3.156908e-7,0.0005972102,0.000107268446,0.99816173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025692005,0.0006195246,0.0024170976,0.07213357,0.0022459328,0.00059410476,0.000094071416,0.13666825,0.000037743535,0.08123963,0.6954636,0.0059172926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034355093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024813728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9922445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000069863134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074273434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093817806","doi":"10.1007/s00138-003-0129-y","title":"Low-cost interactive active range finder","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Machine Vision and Applications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Laser pointer; Computer vision; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Laser; Computer graphics (images); Interactivity; Range (aeronautics); Triangulation; Rendering (computer graphics); Object (grammar); Optics; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Multimedia","score_opus":0.0070163949872844005,"score_gpt":0.29331826876099193,"score_spread":0.2863018737737075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093817806","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05198119,0.000048447848,0.8915574,0.0009572176,0.000037785892,0.00079537765,0.00008223873,0.0001925667,0.054347795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946505,0.000004486346,0.004868807,0.00006776377,0.000022734572,0.00010157216,0.000019287438,0.000009219947,0.00025563032],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954516,0.000014611718,0.00008800372,0.00019014975,0.00004856207,0.000113490685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961394,0.00008998951,0.000041110674,0.00018104764,0.000029517185,0.000044399043],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000027444099,0.00009446629,0.00009297015,0.00003405673,0.00014509234,0.000024810612,0.000058550006,0.000025672995,0.00016857359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013051569,0.00007540985,0.000028928565,0.00013183245,0.00007035609,0.00007360961,0.00004427353,0.00015337777,0.000058997946],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009899796,0.00019233099,0.0018435287,0.0000023082855,0.00001773797,2.1788358e-7,0.000054100434,0.000029402483,0.0011442306,0.34508723,0.00022975935,0.65138924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020097399,0.000093294526,0.016943825,0.00005224276,0.00005788571,0.000005312921,0.0013768817,0.0042415983,0.063469805,0.39249077,0.5184773,0.00078134437],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012171299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019010955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94266933,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011217403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059341255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30751243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096206638","doi":"10.1109/jstqe.2003.811286","title":"Angular domain imaging of objects within highly scattering media using silicon micromachined collimating arrays","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Collimated light; Silicon; Scattering; Optics; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Surface micromachining; Domain (mathematical analysis); Physics; Fabrication; Laser","score_opus":0.009811070541857567,"score_gpt":0.2494479570428583,"score_spread":0.23963688650100073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2096206638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9598548,0.0006488436,0.038880534,0.000091539536,0.00028692704,0.00012029085,0.0000028187294,0.000029442477,0.000084793086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9249598,0.000018101147,0.07483458,0.00001880832,0.00012910001,9.81184e-7,0.0000017425896,0.0000346367,0.00000226292],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99779755,0.00014049333,0.0009726475,0.00021475735,0.00028697422,0.0005875544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982152,0.00020552031,0.000885928,0.00022828036,0.00039613145,0.00006891645],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000488071,0.0002566786,0.00056022557,0.000299202,0.00009987894,0.000038970928,0.0002839095,0.00008959766,0.0000063031785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031164187,0.00024982163,0.00011108352,0.0008389285,0.000120931836,0.00022538552,0.000027968774,0.000914524,4.311166e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039819162,0.00012949173,0.0119262105,0.000027052578,0.00008111209,0.00002574031,0.000631129,0.011142939,0.948509,0.026541794,0.0000057158577,0.0009400036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012933763,0.00018598349,0.00053156615,0.00032268258,0.00006163031,0.000111783665,0.0008126355,0.0245398,0.8582648,0.11345575,0.000049632137,0.00037035093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002454067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020687236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09024418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029305628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036475784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097501753","doi":"10.1364/oe.20.001608","title":"Gated mode superconducting nanowire single photon detectors","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Detector; Jitter; Physics; Optics; Photon; Photonics; Quantum channel; Nanowire; Optoelectronics; Quantum; Quantum information; Telecommunications; Computer science; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.02577989608363355,"score_gpt":0.26463372088367393,"score_spread":0.2388538248000404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2097501753","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97551304,0.000049308877,0.015854897,0.000035930912,0.00028065275,0.00011766236,0.0000120311215,0.0002764667,0.007859998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9318976,0.000001036957,0.0676549,0.000011558716,0.00019368531,0.000006787112,0.000012048985,0.000035385634,0.00018701184],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989325,0.000018891995,0.00018072384,0.00020134133,0.0001294791,0.00053705845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993359,0.000087547225,0.000058808666,0.0003578167,0.000055355278,0.00010459334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054529024,0.00018363194,0.0001818336,0.000041118,0.00013830743,0.000045189387,0.00018263224,0.0000802059,0.00007916035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000469944,0.00017262623,0.00006420122,0.00013436777,0.00010664111,0.00035231918,0.00015064972,0.00021960918,0.000044966313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008720933,0.0002334581,0.0060721985,0.000008877898,0.00004256333,0.000001436135,0.00044916445,0.0005435968,0.959857,0.021347718,0.00008648514,0.011348796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019715974,0.000027173297,0.00003548229,0.000030458506,0.000020770922,0.0000016087815,0.00088846736,0.001924567,0.989964,0.0042093326,0.0024090055,0.000291961],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004736153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.973078e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003754226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008041126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7039493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105738631","doi":"10.1149/ma2012-01/18/802","title":"Accurate High Resolution Time Digital Converter Array for Single-Photon Image Sensors","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Time-to-digital converter; Image sensor; Resolution (logic); High resolution; Computer science; Physics; Computer vision; Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.01569615594603247,"score_gpt":0.24302950782116167,"score_spread":0.2273333518751292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2105738631","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9254006,0.000011874092,0.003412916,0.0002617028,0.00021792573,0.00025497665,0.00006200159,0.0003268965,0.07005109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9677874,1.3174235e-7,0.031259995,0.000014913306,0.00035792164,0.0000100014,0.000070261325,0.000037499267,0.00046190622],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874765,0.000013022997,0.000283069,0.00023866126,0.000127217,0.0005903581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990961,0.00027708724,0.00020241256,0.0002389272,0.00008276929,0.00010267885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015820772,0.00020137367,0.00019887282,0.000040294923,0.00014643138,0.00012407074,0.00011666308,0.00008429254,0.00002866688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026710055,0.00019010529,0.00008599862,0.0000770882,0.00011016045,0.0005547527,0.000046827223,0.00018066957,0.00034823062],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045003573,0.00020178956,0.00044230287,0.000014136508,0.000042727075,0.0000018119091,0.0000967094,0.0011460329,0.99492663,0.00044925202,0.0007471573,0.0018864244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041738985,0.000058418074,0.0007702875,0.00008274069,0.000025849595,0.0000028319305,0.00015913855,0.0009335284,0.9854328,0.006400081,0.0053538107,0.00036314377],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023902832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.1446949e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06958918,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051059058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011142677,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77522683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111764444","doi":"10.1109/ictai.2008.139","title":"Real-Time Approach for Adaptive Object Segmentation in Time-of-Flight Sensors","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Segmentation; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Computer vision; A priori and a posteriori; Artificial intelligence; Image segmentation; Scale-space segmentation; Range (aeronautics); Engineering","score_opus":0.019210810015895266,"score_gpt":0.2529947162698779,"score_spread":0.23378390625398265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2111764444","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8108907,0.000002915719,0.15525362,0.00004051347,0.000010936928,0.0005057002,0.000016423404,0.00013369217,0.0331455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.59625024,0.0000012085674,0.40216473,0.0000027961244,0.00001775498,0.000016594959,0.00002853678,0.00000967409,0.0015085046],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994113,0.000013553589,0.0001618692,0.00017084024,0.000081286904,0.00016116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996489,0.00010462321,0.000059527352,0.00013170576,0.00003696341,0.000018228628],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004437782,0.000094356496,0.00017096422,0.0000536513,0.00003925255,0.0000036473389,0.0000763165,0.000038750164,0.000046186997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010070744,0.000080868704,0.00004988537,0.00013713998,0.000083198305,0.000072356896,0.000032851745,0.0000567623,0.000021712109],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010929096,0.0026380233,0.050576977,0.00006505634,0.00049244467,0.000013901683,0.0037314699,0.044547297,0.6649992,0.17771883,0.006751819,0.047372103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020540978,0.0003862157,0.003447215,0.000027161508,0.000032266915,0.0000030064052,0.0015652383,0.13507585,0.8353837,0.021370482,0.000100425794,0.00055433274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008094922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.938879e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2469111,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030306695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000147435085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.329773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113156330","doi":"10.1109/ism.2009.124","title":"Vision System Development through Separation of Management and Processing","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Abstraction; Scope (computer science); Reusability; Task (project management); Machine vision; Management system; Artificial intelligence; Abstraction layer; Data management; Software engineering; Human–computer interaction; Risk analysis (engineering); Data science; Systems engineering; Database; Engineering; Software; Operations management","score_opus":0.009628883067314346,"score_gpt":0.28702512579276246,"score_spread":0.2773962427254481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113156330","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24412198,0.00003576656,0.700377,0.00008997232,0.000009917397,0.00012212418,1.5893224e-7,0.000113401264,0.055129714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7541167,4.0225297e-7,0.24575447,0.0000054130123,0.0000040962304,9.4589e-7,0.0000011265887,0.000001394952,0.000115468],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996855,0.000002361359,0.000103425504,0.00008803588,0.000055665285,0.00006499104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999878,0.0000037665104,0.0000360959,0.000057680176,0.000017084409,0.0000074080303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000020380148,0.000046646812,0.00006503133,0.000013124878,0.00004276924,0.000011681497,0.000027048265,0.0000116610945,0.0000022054446],"category_scores_gemma":[4.136144e-7,0.000036266196,0.0000066108987,0.000053370746,0.00001586665,0.0000891443,0.000023238388,0.00002058513,0.0000021061196],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004525723,0.000032391268,0.00042134107,0.000028987963,0.000007239287,3.8646922e-7,0.00011949838,0.00007149819,0.0006073926,0.3141997,0.000031821142,0.68447524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022748886,0.0005238531,0.06612692,0.0016286114,0.000099875906,0.0000045413194,0.014308867,0.02343635,0.6520508,0.22244324,0.015936842,0.001165236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000011594124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.830781e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68331,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011472424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000030879262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14788924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117409080","doi":"10.1109/iscas.1996.541595","title":"Classification of lidar waveforms by neural networks","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Waveform; Lidar; Computer science; Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence; Convolutional neural network; Pattern recognition (psychology); Milt; Remote sensing; Geology; Telecommunications; Radar","score_opus":0.01622872851107613,"score_gpt":0.23054152602912575,"score_spread":0.21431279751804963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117409080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49330807,0.00007181546,0.4453359,0.0011201566,0.000085095446,0.00013577096,0.000006269662,0.0002512153,0.059685715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954012,0.0000017015277,0.003858653,0.000015430162,0.00002751724,0.0000018225098,0.000006764128,0.0000056162835,0.0006812707],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99962735,0.0000034896523,0.00011124714,0.00009045319,0.00004851959,0.00011895007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973565,0.000022606879,0.000045410598,0.00015706307,0.000020564272,0.000018688057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000013254698,0.00005681465,0.000077112214,0.0000118298785,0.000025812518,0.000007065484,0.00007599471,0.000028919956,0.00024662318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004303754,0.00004171241,0.000029265293,0.00008616401,0.00006583472,0.00006554019,0.000025886753,0.00008101984,0.000013308527],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005216502,0.00018664521,0.023564436,0.0000027533351,0.00002832301,2.6779836e-7,0.000029006229,0.0012138505,0.007733349,0.23277651,0.008597307,0.7258623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002579948,0.00006860358,0.0031303272,0.0000056201698,0.000009770618,3.3159276e-7,0.00021789744,0.96355885,0.0136151,0.015731514,0.00321596,0.00018805113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001062065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5977087e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.962345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000059917447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":5.2597704e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2700351},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118842680","doi":"10.1109/tbcas.2010.2051438","title":"CMOS Optoelectronic Lock-In Amplifier With Integrated Phototransistor Array","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Transimpedance amplifier; Amplifier; Photodiode; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Lock-in amplifier; CMOS; Diode; Dynamic range; Electrical engineering; Optical power; Operational amplifier; Optics; Physics; Engineering; Laser","score_opus":0.008821757056571615,"score_gpt":0.22611268610742705,"score_spread":0.21729092905085542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118842680","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33245507,0.000024328529,0.6658493,0.00015077984,0.0005497391,0.00029010398,0.00005079153,0.00012317221,0.0005067193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992352,0.0000041630487,0.00037597123,0.000019561794,0.00006441681,0.00006316418,0.000008574327,0.000024055194,0.00020487705],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986794,0.00003072688,0.00028166745,0.00038306828,0.00022740266,0.00039773068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936414,0.00010414914,0.00005200018,0.00026980028,0.000047380858,0.00016254465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012567807,0.000217606,0.0003091014,0.00016319014,0.00013265906,0.000055759454,0.00013342134,0.0001617604,0.00009567546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003139739,0.00015611127,0.000051343613,0.00041021034,0.00037017488,0.00007976951,6.2068966e-7,0.0008628374,0.000015665591],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017151624,0.0016989167,0.0009519432,0.00011709248,0.0003720975,0.000041646457,0.0005563553,0.0009454024,0.6017795,0.012957861,0.00019650844,0.3802111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03594274,0.01091842,0.0053149816,0.0039813523,0.0010423408,0.0008091695,0.013655482,0.061886992,0.55679995,0.017290894,0.2812866,0.011071095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003375131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008021045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6667802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041362542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007169777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6366033},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119043660","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2011.2123090","title":"High-Speed, Single-Photon Avalanche-Photodiode Imager for Biomedical Applications","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Single-photon avalanche diode; Avalanche photodiode; CMOS; Pixel; Photon counting; Image sensor; Detector; Photodiode; CMOS sensor; Optoelectronics; Avalanche diode; Photodetector; Optics; Computer science; Materials science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.031266982139767995,"score_gpt":0.261159438166223,"score_spread":0.229892456026455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119043660","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44558156,0.00003288405,0.5481462,0.0004803294,0.00073547615,0.0005555978,0.00008385699,0.00024509712,0.004139017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7831378,0.0000044583453,0.21559097,0.00005217226,0.0007885319,0.000020264593,0.000011272883,0.00003926336,0.00035527037],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863225,0.000025424339,0.00038574875,0.0002694227,0.00020240065,0.00048472997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899936,0.00011167202,0.00021271025,0.0003071844,0.00017514979,0.00019390734],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015187402,0.00020955838,0.00027056856,0.00012179174,0.00026856418,0.000062009305,0.0002760391,0.00010418144,0.00028967668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030798146,0.00017860066,0.00018200834,0.0001781538,0.00029572396,0.00013804817,0.00003402764,0.0004402445,0.00010257368],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041033348,0.0024513174,0.0027764346,0.00004206826,0.0006719433,0.00008967346,0.0008605662,0.00029050847,0.7663082,0.056273513,0.025372222,0.14445324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017315159,0.0003289958,0.00021894493,0.00005132568,0.0001255351,0.00014438025,0.0004932918,0.0008064647,0.7298655,0.21898332,0.04661957,0.00063116045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017282924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.4217688e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33755624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056790246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003455855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7283124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119880055","doi":"10.1117/12.686428","title":"Deep illumination angular domain imaging within highly scattering media enhanced by image processing","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Imaging phantom; Scattering; Photon; Laser; Light scattering; Spatial filter; Physics; Image resolution; Materials science","score_opus":0.004073746764869123,"score_gpt":0.2090620440201798,"score_spread":0.20498829725531068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119880055","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864879,0.00009305353,0.008598275,0.001637372,0.0001511711,0.00040336652,0.00003522446,0.00021341069,0.0023801862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6961398,0.0000039281567,0.3033138,0.000026492347,0.00031442044,0.000070710514,0.000025617248,0.000059856357,0.00004537683],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975815,2.2461581e-8,0.0007715116,0.00049856864,0.0006311283,0.0005172653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793434,0.00011418349,0.00055981916,0.000074124095,0.0012343251,0.00008317844],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038795476,0.00039408114,0.00042550982,0.00010829166,0.0001544209,0.00019803435,0.0007704453,0.00012638718,0.000009899133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020185298,0.00035063698,0.000392263,0.00039190782,0.0005101185,0.0009195917,0.00020821374,0.00036557313,0.0000017556554],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024345294,0.00008861204,0.00026294438,0.000120698736,0.000078572215,6.5775836e-8,0.00016190887,0.00014971542,0.732073,0.26486245,0.00056879944,0.0016088911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009421542,0.00006566306,0.00038989435,0.00032642292,0.00010077826,0.0000039992974,0.0030045663,0.03713383,0.9255872,0.03142788,0.0004984399,0.00051919377],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022671578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.044918e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29471552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016935122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022124084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120976083","doi":"10.1109/im.1997.603848","title":"A fast and accurate 3-D rangefinder using the Biris technology: the TRID sensor","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Point (geometry); Artificial intelligence; Metre; Simple (philosophy); Mathematics","score_opus":0.03382692955396552,"score_gpt":0.2632443314734267,"score_spread":0.22941740191946117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120976083","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8128068,0.00036733726,0.14148773,0.034963336,0.000085683925,0.00045341562,0.000009202292,0.0005427301,0.009283776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822109,0.000009403658,0.016952852,0.00014119038,0.000049372327,0.0000060271086,2.6868528e-7,0.000012520827,0.00061747635],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993961,0.000017935627,0.00011199277,0.00017048237,0.00006920285,0.00023432114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942255,0.00013209587,0.000049058865,0.00034958113,0.000029719931,0.00001697327],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054510074,0.000120971985,0.00011388306,0.00003855925,0.0003033039,0.0000565345,0.0001764458,0.000053784697,0.00013017264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028596272,0.00005667915,0.000035005844,0.00030247605,0.00045119936,0.00006206608,0.00016231387,0.00025510686,0.00002733592],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018845478,0.00013368123,0.010990465,0.000005656009,0.00024101819,0.000009136751,0.00048281546,0.0012282261,0.016897565,0.29648983,0.0033039306,0.6701988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037473873,0.00023509913,0.0020928888,0.00010011302,0.00036969857,0.00012995752,0.03205026,0.38941056,0.1049709,0.3648569,0.100117415,0.0019188535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023366956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001771011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66827995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008678918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000035205587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2332799},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122950352","doi":"10.1109/jstqe.2007.913087","title":"Human Retinal Photoreceptors: Electrodynamic Model of Optical Microfilters","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Monochromatic color; Finite-difference time-domain method; Optics; Wavelength; Physics; Retinal; Retina; Absorption (acoustics); Wideband; Filter (signal processing); Optical filter; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Biology; Computer vision","score_opus":0.015621189438691107,"score_gpt":0.25947523640837783,"score_spread":0.2438540469696867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122950352","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96731585,0.00021351669,0.031727146,0.00018142177,0.00010848397,0.00011111632,0.0000034903007,0.000031202515,0.00030779248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98431146,0.00010355248,0.015272814,0.000018733075,0.00018589933,0.0000020125133,0.0000034168233,0.000032117066,0.00006998974],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997822,0.00005279195,0.0009073504,0.00022142485,0.00034216035,0.0006542932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99851626,0.00007493714,0.0005360191,0.00023752832,0.000553659,0.00008158176],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019160646,0.00025080654,0.00057083555,0.00027836792,0.00009718045,0.000012070281,0.0004470403,0.00015233208,0.000014230811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008565693,0.00023914805,0.00016853622,0.0006008909,0.00025517427,0.00016041807,0.000034399905,0.0013293881,0.0000013564816],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014114594,0.00044937732,0.0044641807,0.000015862379,0.00013322238,0.000021363481,0.00015674772,0.00987451,0.89634347,0.08663569,0.0003780911,0.0013863287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019432682,0.0018449402,0.0013942827,0.0001400132,0.0000874868,0.00016089373,0.00009181381,0.07946309,0.81224394,0.10180411,0.00022356039,0.0006026217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013504289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008624595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08409956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002846226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004216423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97521746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130726392","doi":"10.1109/imtc.2005.1604520","title":"An Integrated Robotic Multi-Modal Range Sensing System","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Ontario Innovation Trust","keywords":"Computer science; Workspace; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Range (aeronautics); Process (computing); Orientation (vector space); Overhead (engineering); Calibration; Robot; Engineering","score_opus":0.02849088320467803,"score_gpt":0.25413773133012846,"score_spread":0.22564684812545044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2130726392","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6177663,0.000031869982,0.37738398,0.0005467301,0.0002757886,0.000645854,0.000012550085,0.0016573665,0.001679583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9188176,0.0000017206786,0.08090764,0.000014888301,0.000089922745,0.000046355566,0.00002438287,0.000033258915,0.000064222615],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977717,0.000012934747,0.000506469,0.00060653547,0.00046829158,0.00063409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985631,0.000009907285,0.0002730762,0.0002258186,0.00084611814,0.000081967766],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024621762,0.00037765526,0.00037350442,0.00037803093,0.00031978654,0.00015284066,0.00035064947,0.00022612707,0.00003075458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023346147,0.00035785337,0.00006166015,0.000491511,0.00036460513,0.0004922514,0.000045841152,0.00040254134,0.00003823903],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007632771,0.0006228335,0.10972241,0.00008226968,0.0001810551,0.000009838497,0.00015469041,0.0005632337,0.4298736,0.33596617,0.0005094846,0.1222381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008312758,0.0005159267,0.01030668,0.0011335651,0.00037188813,0.00008611732,0.02618628,0.117795765,0.7863423,0.044687983,0.0017807137,0.0024799907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016936021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003832111,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35646874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039485985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013015799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133355592","doi":"10.1109/cvprw.2003.10002","title":"Laser range imaging in archaeology: issues and results","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Range (aeronautics); Key (lock); Computer science; Laser; Remote sensing; Archaeology; Geology; Systems engineering; Engineering; History; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Optics; Computer security","score_opus":0.009558111196229633,"score_gpt":0.26355698832152397,"score_spread":0.25399887712529434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133355592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91910636,0.00024169352,0.015143326,0.003891994,0.000048689057,0.00013304631,0.0000039035294,0.0001703335,0.061260663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9556684,0.000004220479,0.043806233,0.000037336864,0.000010622885,0.0000020109248,9.370135e-7,0.000004414291,0.0004658608],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995634,0.00001532509,0.00010472659,0.0001390692,0.000027154412,0.00015030534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998067,0.000040376555,0.000017059292,0.000109493885,0.000009280183,0.000017101522],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007777398,0.000059434486,0.000085966036,0.000032434335,0.000016963268,0.000006607436,0.000034553424,0.000014632287,0.000023001485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036048386,0.00004929999,0.000009769897,0.000061157734,0.00013391333,0.000051043036,0.000042515774,0.0000807873,0.000010162427],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014498023,0.000042629214,0.39718515,0.0000017289717,0.00000575587,0.000012478818,0.00019745853,0.000029044926,0.00029071342,0.4644251,0.0002577714,0.13753767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026250342,0.000038173013,0.029302105,0.00003731856,0.000007684239,0.0000043676605,0.0016159053,0.0014407493,0.03779451,0.8821604,0.044550475,0.00042327496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001214522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015416026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4177353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004661494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000031024092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20103952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133617639","doi":"10.1117/12.707724","title":"Simulation of crosstalk in integrated distributed feedback laser-photodiode optical transceivers","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McMaster University","keywords":"Photodiode; Extinction ratio; Crosstalk; Semiconductor laser theory; Distributed feedback laser; Laser; Optical modulation amplitude; Optoelectronics; Physics; Transceiver; Frequency modulation; Optics; Materials science; Computer science; Radio frequency; Telecommunications; Optical amplifier; CMOS","score_opus":0.008000155315766649,"score_gpt":0.22823000154776749,"score_spread":0.22022984623200084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133617639","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952749,0.000016957127,0.0016158487,0.0005855533,0.00007557164,0.00045264882,0.00019861085,0.000088216664,0.0016916898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93570083,0.0000039674933,0.064024955,0.000008278464,0.00010036903,0.00003569841,0.00004622911,0.000035774152,0.000043914624],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979666,1.949651e-8,0.00080565765,0.00035502706,0.00046550808,0.00040718817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981487,0.00026256105,0.00033610206,0.00006418878,0.0011246033,0.0000638705],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025295583,0.0003098344,0.00048353194,0.000105279025,0.000053009877,0.00006191772,0.00059188885,0.00018718994,0.00001484277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029746574,0.00026755303,0.00049302843,0.00052540906,0.00046347067,0.00040714123,0.000078546764,0.00037494415,9.021282e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019159607,0.0003322145,0.003507604,0.0001644049,0.00021118148,1.4354872e-7,0.000066718785,0.049031384,0.4451904,0.50043213,0.00024123215,0.0006309925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026624778,0.00031622374,0.0052079596,0.00047015215,0.00015928005,0.000001965321,0.0019763769,0.25657815,0.7124464,0.0187138,0.00089850614,0.0005687479],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058295947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.304448e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48171833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001537048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029226538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134166217","doi":"10.1117/1.602352","title":"Eye-safe digital 3-D sensing for space applications","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Engineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Computer science; Optical engineering; Computer graphics (images); Computer vision; Remote sensing; Optics; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.004219500884974743,"score_gpt":0.21697468255197472,"score_spread":0.21275518166699997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2134166217","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.026229784,0.00001186374,0.9578134,0.00035726282,0.000025089737,0.00021406398,0.000014908442,0.0002959796,0.015037652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.72740686,5.557358e-7,0.2718416,0.0000064044666,0.00014651059,0.00001697797,0.000013145832,0.000023199776,0.0005447584],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935603,6.448378e-7,0.00011808394,0.0001830023,0.00006148714,0.00028077126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958646,0.00011940837,0.000011396753,0.00019158903,0.000023144188,0.00006798884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000019587733,0.00011896971,0.00012382591,0.0000233157,0.000058873873,0.000063830994,0.00007871756,0.00004026832,0.000051991203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025546582,0.00011988744,0.000064010135,0.00011281078,0.000040057934,0.000110131215,0.000025926412,0.00012064828,0.00008182994],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000074240747,0.000038006467,0.000053100634,0.000010594617,0.00003001392,0.0000010133266,0.000009443711,0.048279025,0.003243578,0.37802577,0.000041959986,0.57026005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088718516,0.00009126497,0.00025234502,0.000080771795,0.000059713373,0.000005165247,0.00009694341,0.5522942,0.026178356,0.05245234,0.3665397,0.0010620318],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001073287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.265571e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70117706,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001921072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000065768486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48888677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136103934","doi":"10.1109/ted.2007.914839","title":"Fully Integrated Single Photon Avalanche Diode Detector in Standard CMOS 0.18- $\\mu$m Technology","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"APDS; Avalanche photodiode; CMOS; Single-photon avalanche diode; Photodetector; Optoelectronics; Geiger counter; Avalanche diode; Detector; Physics; Electronic circuit; Diode; Optics; Electrical engineering; Voltage; Breakdown voltage; Engineering","score_opus":0.014778703834879453,"score_gpt":0.24813844158966403,"score_spread":0.23335973775478458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2136103934","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7643293,0.00008703036,0.23367451,0.0002844017,0.00010364859,0.00025741046,0.000030408513,0.00052943936,0.00070382934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937322,0.000023483135,0.0058795526,0.000036900987,0.000025500987,0.00007055464,0.0000053117997,0.00004019466,0.00018627512],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983558,0.000036729463,0.00032898213,0.00045539543,0.000198004,0.0006250927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992823,0.00009191562,0.00009891725,0.0003795689,0.00008984464,0.00005748242],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006084218,0.00030748398,0.00037438798,0.0004045896,0.00022121458,0.000025883253,0.00027396544,0.00018913898,0.00018118972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007540722,0.00028514324,0.00010323196,0.0010355758,0.00024064709,0.00018378552,0.0000029847308,0.00086410897,0.000056466393],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013081153,0.0024679685,0.011821484,0.000048737787,0.0004945514,0.00010745415,0.00042985546,0.012170025,0.58157146,0.0024411061,0.00030470412,0.38683453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000725346,0.0006422339,0.000170658,0.00005825725,0.000026674179,0.000013645158,0.0002150742,0.0007778514,0.9903275,0.0030547816,0.0036254064,0.0003626183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011786925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038123404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.408756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024930722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000090394075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138985599","doi":"10.1117/1.2955245","title":"Review of measurement quality metrics for range imaging","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Electronic Imaging","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Image resolution; Image quality; Range (aeronautics); Quality (philosophy); Artificial intelligence; Measurement uncertainty; Computer vision; Remote sensing; Data mining; Image (mathematics); Statistics; Mathematics; Geography; Engineering","score_opus":0.04353180472919627,"score_gpt":0.32564359117397385,"score_spread":0.2821117864447776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138985599","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010890135,0.16824579,0.8149216,0.004312076,0.00017818704,0.00035767016,0.0000051008665,0.00003850185,0.0010509422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9808614,0.0023781732,0.016399877,0.00020813805,0.00012280037,0.0000027585108,8.377368e-7,0.000016327464,0.0000096472195],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848825,0.000042205746,0.00064849533,0.00010909681,0.0003514989,0.00036043688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981317,0.00014170478,0.0007134718,0.00017526635,0.00079923443,0.000038612074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012807562,0.00011978627,0.00041554726,0.00012059581,0.000077664125,0.0000072759217,0.00020791258,0.000010490897,0.000013306842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043524828,0.00010030501,0.00026413964,0.0002753041,0.000078982,0.00018923068,0.00003387677,0.000291752,6.965675e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026171873,0.0008162272,0.0871428,0.0029751381,0.00082384853,0.000023390816,0.00019679811,0.00020021372,0.03214843,0.08579666,0.020200029,0.7694147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015218735,0.0010986158,0.00812564,0.026189148,0.0019020359,0.00078006403,0.0012266095,0.006862346,0.21839352,0.39836377,0.3189599,0.0028796112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011494895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.8173787e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9699713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021030074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021714477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40903196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140645812","doi":"10.1364/ao.52.004663","title":"Surface imaging using a noncontact divergence-ratio axi-vision camera profilometer for laparoscopic and endoscopic applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Profilometer; Optics; Divergence (linguistics); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.014352157329012733,"score_gpt":0.276903292759829,"score_spread":0.26255113543081626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2140645812","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5290059,0.000040573927,0.4680716,0.000186449,0.000047702488,0.0013444689,0.000017216073,0.000103701386,0.0011823806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7321677,0.0000034736656,0.26749697,0.00003869788,0.000051683113,0.00015644432,0.000015984007,0.00002023121,0.000048794762],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990359,0.000005737755,0.00021783244,0.00033067635,0.00009272986,0.00031714034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993308,0.0001280046,0.000101711514,0.00029419403,0.000079283855,0.000065981156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004218512,0.00018084914,0.00022010051,0.000036081383,0.00023592894,0.00010981052,0.00013068784,0.000045392386,0.00002693313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071688582,0.00016859693,0.00003470709,0.00013508859,0.00012914721,0.0001680814,0.0001077153,0.00013226646,0.000026540602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017769427,0.00022024107,0.048039887,0.00008529499,0.000119573124,5.656584e-7,0.00025747274,0.0024682726,0.4437713,0.42059016,0.00027947166,0.08415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004560378,0.00026903694,0.0063815946,0.00015705926,0.00035513187,0.0000033400686,0.0030840377,0.27922383,0.35709605,0.3416642,0.0052012797,0.0020040704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055873963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.7963724e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27675554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003200957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022655127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.68751836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141587562","doi":"10.1109/iros.1998.724840","title":"Uniform and complete surface coverage with a robot-mounted laser rangefinder","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Digitization; Computer science; Object (grammar); Computer vision; Set (abstract data type); Robot; Artificial intelligence; Line (geometry); Sampling (signal processing); Surface (topology); Real-time computing; Mathematics","score_opus":0.016886060900109436,"score_gpt":0.2221943336176961,"score_spread":0.20530827271758667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2141587562","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8068561,0.000027030077,0.12673414,0.0011257502,0.000018280221,0.00017796217,0.000016629709,0.00028037684,0.064763755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96866685,0.000002987014,0.029767971,0.0000862396,0.000012119578,0.0000013120624,0.0000043040636,0.000012304522,0.001445923],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994726,0.0000059367076,0.000079501464,0.00016637311,0.00007755411,0.00019801204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996722,0.00005608007,0.000027920136,0.00017511346,0.000028503562,0.000040203504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000017046472,0.00011732599,0.00013430219,0.000014720998,0.000073950425,0.000034817043,0.00005911415,0.000027085736,0.0006274284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002961763,0.00008252518,0.00001695172,0.000104519284,0.00011444067,0.000101935504,0.00005238567,0.00011664435,0.000053735177],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019390768,0.0006593619,0.12177028,0.000036906637,0.0005215544,0.000058856975,0.00042243124,0.036032047,0.009353602,0.72812563,0.0051190667,0.09770633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.024045646,0.0018569157,0.05002444,0.00033402204,0.00034730384,0.000063935804,0.0037757377,0.48799622,0.061068535,0.26128516,0.103594944,0.0056071375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006266217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009842504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46684048,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001050478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002292576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6869901},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142379054","doi":"10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxix-b5-239-2012","title":"DYNAMIC CONCRETE BEAM DEFORMATION MEASUREMNET WITH 3D RANGE CAMERAS","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Deformation (meteorology); Range (aeronautics); Acoustics; Measure (data warehouse); Beam (structure); Deformation monitoring; Computer science; Accuracy and precision; Sampling (signal processing); Optics; Materials science; Physics; Computer vision","score_opus":0.013536457474597384,"score_gpt":0.24827220328709354,"score_spread":0.23473574581249615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142379054","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.034371503,0.000032754968,0.9513591,0.0023848796,0.001230882,0.0006595299,0.00010537374,0.00007196445,0.009784017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887773,0.000053629614,0.010343243,0.0005726042,0.00012485405,5.3856064e-7,0.000051385243,0.00001424797,0.00006223444],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958841,0.00020708583,0.0012122076,0.00033128617,0.0017091088,0.00065616844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965523,0.0008434903,0.0016144532,0.00049683085,0.00032423472,0.00016870128],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011568888,0.00045475035,0.00044457364,0.0006622064,0.0013132497,0.00055649277,0.0013257322,0.00008597881,0.000010990023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039300317,0.00027035843,0.00028969927,0.0008735084,0.0035497036,0.000854551,0.00077836757,0.0005214762,0.000004982508],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014524066,0.000013764856,0.0010813873,0.000023061451,0.00010468715,1.1125101e-7,0.0022030533,0.0027098192,0.0018523906,0.000025243247,0.000019812649,0.9918214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007628704,0.00012735913,0.0039017657,0.000286368,0.000063461026,0.0000820656,0.0024713085,0.9766586,0.007825275,0.004805673,0.0026709589,0.00034430553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.61390835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05226021,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99147713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057957757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016639165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999869},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148959320","doi":"10.1117/12.2021528","title":"Development of an underwater fiber-optic lidar for the characterization of sea water and ice properties","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Laser; Underwater; Telescope; Materials science; Collimated light; Optical fiber; Remote sensing; Beam splitter; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.01228414229803253,"score_gpt":0.21157380995159433,"score_spread":0.1992896676535618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148959320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99748653,0.00001290057,0.00046201723,0.0010775885,0.000045788947,0.0007150367,0.000021383566,0.00003574007,0.00014300593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.77388227,0.0000045174997,0.2257466,0.000012493005,0.000080642596,0.00014513006,0.000013209233,0.00002822153,0.000086933236],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871695,1.5562321e-8,0.0005247376,0.00022064846,0.00027973496,0.00025790432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844545,0.00007164767,0.00024651372,0.00005366771,0.0011372409,0.000045484696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023425106,0.00020143979,0.00028885234,0.000044244527,0.000085149186,0.000060865797,0.00043662073,0.0000865733,0.000012040296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007144231,0.00011809447,0.0001787107,0.00008985585,0.00028821017,0.00047952367,0.00016666816,0.00013160252,6.7604776e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040912368,0.000080969214,0.00015473987,0.0002900082,0.00026412593,4.294078e-9,0.0004266418,0.000033707154,0.8984517,0.096702635,0.000021419204,0.003533178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042722706,0.00014931582,0.00081099896,0.00015875556,0.0000804208,0.0000013225425,0.0013764078,0.0204528,0.9730186,0.0026123968,0.0007362761,0.00017547615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000955426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.759023e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22528459,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003584086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016620075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48157525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154276488","doi":"10.1117/12.838271","title":"Multiple range imaging camera operation with minimal performance impact","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Waikato; University of Victoria","keywords":"Modulation (music); Amplitude modulation; Phase modulation; Frequency modulation; Noise (video); Amplitude; Optics; Image sensor; Envelope (radar); Computer science; Phase (matter); Pulse-amplitude modulation; Structured-light 3D scanner; Range (aeronautics); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Acoustics; Physics; Detector; Phase noise; Telecommunications; Materials science; Radio frequency; Image (mathematics); Radar","score_opus":0.006486888856113138,"score_gpt":0.22466212321687357,"score_spread":0.21817523436076042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154276488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99639016,0.00001408269,0.00026174332,0.0010326762,0.00012664628,0.00041243355,0.000038178143,0.00011533074,0.0016087639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8126812,0.0000048304573,0.18684877,0.000020615858,0.00027674815,0.000060933016,0.000008044408,0.000041674968,0.00005715352],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984184,6.7511468e-9,0.00041787882,0.00033889821,0.00042128022,0.00040357266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842864,0.00011372032,0.00026329936,0.000071298426,0.0010309889,0.000092042326],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024638587,0.0003068823,0.00032556456,0.0000700928,0.00012052407,0.00012398112,0.0006221073,0.000096025935,0.000022247856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017842656,0.00022187963,0.00034819244,0.0002188619,0.0003400897,0.0007494903,0.00013635236,0.0005017948,0.0000019400766],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013753033,0.00011559886,0.03784875,0.000086402164,0.0002576275,6.314764e-8,0.00012249309,0.0003609076,0.7139149,0.24448048,0.0004204828,0.0022548141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035602795,0.0007359245,0.02452531,0.00038125835,0.00026179932,0.00003079779,0.0022999481,0.3171464,0.64519846,0.0028907831,0.0018899554,0.0010790844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020157997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.2870316e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31678548,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006889808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031485535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90479887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160744192","doi":"10.1117/12.630996","title":"Laser beam rider hardware-in-the loop facility","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Missile; Offset (computer science); Laser; Beam (structure); Hypervelocity; Hardware-in-the-loop simulation; Computer science; Laser beams; Optics; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Physics; Simulation","score_opus":0.011188030587375025,"score_gpt":0.23483046524319945,"score_spread":0.22364243465582442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2160744192","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99028784,0.000036618523,0.00018945392,0.005224239,0.00009584613,0.00046464594,0.000069306254,0.00009556817,0.0035364944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9108427,0.000012832677,0.088211134,0.00014412847,0.00039596812,0.000110300425,0.00001082101,0.000032697397,0.0002393964],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979956,1.4311409e-8,0.0006007196,0.00038143326,0.0005626299,0.00045959442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986531,0.00020336709,0.00024292935,0.000092953494,0.00073935336,0.00006829666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005009958,0.00030504697,0.00036360562,0.000065501015,0.000089567264,0.000102274134,0.0010728769,0.00013734259,0.000027627037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029780815,0.00022100333,0.00051469373,0.00032876135,0.0003269976,0.0005037591,0.00019377968,0.0004991183,0.000006967895],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000078842386,0.00047884774,0.004869681,0.00016020596,0.00042819505,1.5957627e-7,0.0003560757,0.0013304749,0.14148955,0.8381722,0.0057824817,0.0068532987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004242586,0.00059767405,0.007314385,0.0005698812,0.0004000683,0.000021161366,0.00999197,0.051429607,0.829132,0.037633684,0.05695754,0.001709449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001650762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.139927e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8005385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000117686955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019995807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9012254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162554335","doi":"10.1364/ao.50.005200","title":"Pointing efficiency in Gaussian beam coherent ladar","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Transmitter; Optics; Lidar; Gaussian; SIGNAL (programming language); Computer science; Reduction (mathematics); Power (physics); Free-space optical communication; Gaussian beam; Physics; Beam (structure); Optical communication; Telecommunications; Mathematics","score_opus":0.017686726527386648,"score_gpt":0.22810749363992314,"score_spread":0.2104207671125365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2162554335","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71411145,0.000011497561,0.045757916,0.000047778158,0.00007786629,0.000256143,0.000003008732,0.00020254,0.23953183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9198101,8.1990413e-7,0.0800529,0.000021160551,0.00003737237,0.000011873449,0.00000368824,0.000017712428,0.000044373002],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910855,0.000003984552,0.00021232574,0.00023107398,0.00009819767,0.0003458815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995531,0.000037402908,0.00006687987,0.00028302564,0.00001629966,0.000043333275],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000069240414,0.00013938751,0.00016327515,0.000052935724,0.000057907142,0.00001556727,0.00018875656,0.000053793272,0.00006908869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010030121,0.0001295373,0.000032528063,0.00020345235,0.00011006146,0.000037688438,0.00012864589,0.00023931358,0.00008220701],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011931739,0.00025213356,0.008626504,0.0000054277575,0.000014024664,0.000005009636,0.00038760426,0.00025363092,0.002771132,0.9605532,0.000024152387,0.027095199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024799742,0.00022472143,0.019377163,0.00011752069,0.00007033939,0.0000029561295,0.0067834673,0.0045837914,0.27048433,0.6926124,0.0016195549,0.0016438105],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002981174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003607318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26794088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022552493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013506411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52823776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163213698","doi":"10.1145/1360612.1360686","title":"Fluorescent immersion range scanning","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Optics; Computer vision; Structured light; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Laser scanning; Bidirectional reflectance distribution function; Surface (topology); Materials science; Laser; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics; Reflectivity","score_opus":0.025640455998157258,"score_gpt":0.2554762525449001,"score_spread":0.22983579654674283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2163213698","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3686162,0.000042031414,0.62870365,0.001288243,0.00019472503,0.00014634055,0.000016432481,0.00029653695,0.0006958416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814064,0.00004976375,0.018324794,0.00009002676,0.000029590923,0.0000095621,0.0000047971,0.000017800738,0.00006725826],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992596,0.000014000336,0.00013183602,0.00020945053,0.00015262736,0.00023248057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932253,0.00008586297,0.000034531953,0.0004591825,0.000041315896,0.00005659912],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000032625827,0.00013341948,0.0001229292,0.00012413468,0.00041651653,0.000009412572,0.00019903448,0.000060014874,0.000087757304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000065609715,0.00012554986,0.00012577085,0.00036319636,0.00018971009,0.000096434735,0.0000073300193,0.00035133472,0.000049961716],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041784838,0.002846691,0.08984512,0.00004118379,0.00069477514,0.00010061336,0.0012140629,0.010879097,0.0107007865,0.10365646,0.0037712473,0.7758321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009885403,0.00178752,0.07115378,0.000668682,0.00060275465,0.00007587822,0.005537451,0.010756628,0.4813032,0.37501568,0.038241375,0.004971649],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003959426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001985444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77086043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000186046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013681845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5119775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165263360","doi":"10.1109/iciprm.2002.1014432","title":"Reliability of InP-based avalanche photodiodes for high bit-rate fiber-optic communication systems","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nortel (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Avalanche photodiode; Optoelectronics; Photodiode; Optical fiber; Stress (linguistics); Reliability (semiconductor); Accelerated aging; Composite material; Optics; Detector","score_opus":0.014007602566351706,"score_gpt":0.2508244101649716,"score_spread":0.2368168075986199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165263360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8885444,0.000053861033,0.10195523,0.00019442121,0.000063391904,0.0007037478,0.000036193534,0.00019008353,0.008258706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.82638437,8.7768666e-7,0.17328504,0.000007910657,0.0000064135543,0.00004940175,0.000021858934,0.000010603572,0.00023354078],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992345,0.00007576816,0.0002741885,0.00017567999,0.00006716537,0.00017268666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984254,0.0005601798,0.00013305724,0.00069053104,0.00016468465,0.000026126238],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027356198,0.00011436213,0.00022754492,0.00003107592,0.00007309597,0.000018725543,0.00016043082,0.000056436853,0.00006935755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016383671,0.000092724295,0.000062013176,0.0001248843,0.00015182322,0.000067626424,0.000027279859,0.000096443655,0.000013617942],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036462523,0.00024495315,0.0040231645,0.000076479526,0.000036168633,1.0710763e-7,0.000017129689,0.013701791,0.0054090014,0.9744665,0.00047576532,0.001512465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025723255,0.00035121178,0.0024815465,0.0002072392,0.00011245338,4.794716e-7,0.0006265875,0.057707306,0.6120394,0.31455207,0.008617828,0.0007315997],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014946479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013013201,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65991443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030157029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030135367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3781187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2168483857","doi":"10.1109/tns.2015.2409783","title":"Real-Time Discrete SPAD Array Readout Architecture for Time of Flight PET","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Discriminator; Detector; Nuclear electronics; Avalanche photodiode; Electronic engineering; Computer hardware; Silicon photomultiplier; Dead time; Data acquisition; Electrical engineering; Scintillator; Computer science; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.012050050465921652,"score_gpt":0.25547537733512854,"score_spread":0.2434253268692069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2168483857","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30534998,0.0000015998819,0.6852959,0.0011322735,0.00022568482,0.00038602325,0.00012345637,0.0003253063,0.007159824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8838528,6.922828e-7,0.11545735,0.000013411585,0.000023796607,0.0000047506833,5.013741e-7,0.000018904699,0.00062779034],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989708,0.000012562866,0.00015678862,0.0003141379,0.00025260446,0.00029309827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992271,0.00007602719,0.000070630325,0.0003962892,0.00011179216,0.00011817256],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001555872,0.000130365,0.00017779175,0.000113374,0.0001987671,0.00003707338,0.00036152446,0.000028228846,0.00007049211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013816367,0.00010824645,0.00008599549,0.0003879761,0.00071915943,0.00018083304,0.0000037348962,0.00015622277,0.00015350184],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002601349,0.00031354785,0.000010130052,0.0000130885555,0.000040927724,0.0000024476576,0.0011604727,0.058854874,0.8920223,0.0062004696,0.00062284264,0.040498752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018174391,0.0015907696,0.00008420802,0.00018018844,0.00011975574,0.000017911163,0.0010112548,0.09346491,0.85275656,0.03852785,0.009357138,0.0010720118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028637121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.994099e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57850283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041894185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064556145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44141623},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169728719","doi":"10.1109/igarss.2012.6352487","title":"All optical Synthetic Aperture Lidar sensing-to-processing chain based on SAR technology","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Synthetic aperture radar; Lidar; Payload (computing); Computer science; Remote sensing; 3D optical data storage; Aperture (computer memory); Data processing; Image resolution; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Geology; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.011740618885577312,"score_gpt":0.25925323483712537,"score_spread":0.24751261595154805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169728719","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09119252,0.00005032422,0.8267745,0.026563007,0.00017907101,0.000363413,0.000007288556,0.0015654016,0.053304493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78644884,1.6302259e-7,0.21214148,0.0011451398,0.00011099115,0.0000026092553,0.000004236526,0.000033536206,0.00011300028],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850136,0.000017086417,0.00019763249,0.00035626584,0.00018294284,0.0007446849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990034,0.00022493064,0.000047419944,0.00049960514,0.000055075012,0.00016953163],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000108379885,0.00026538596,0.0002714493,0.00019859892,0.00012315251,0.000037796068,0.00020464738,0.00018696414,0.0000855467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020008464,0.0002120169,0.000069775815,0.00039156337,0.00019133167,0.000085955915,0.00013223485,0.00041961856,0.0003560253],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006241597,0.00051486946,0.0036589575,0.000017638524,0.00004488809,0.000011421463,0.00007403803,0.00086907693,0.019038105,0.3517238,0.0004380309,0.6235468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022398098,0.0010000716,0.0012184132,0.0007524125,0.00022740985,0.000038218936,0.0026971346,0.20323075,0.46477312,0.081476,0.23858128,0.0037653516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000058481837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.7163476e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69525635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005323452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002101474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8645798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2176413462","doi":"10.1117/12.397796","title":"Range error analysis of an integrated time-of-flight, triangulation, and photogrammetric 3D laser scanning system","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Triangulation; Photogrammetry; Laser scanning; Laser ranging; Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Error analysis; Lidar; Laser; Remote sensing; Optics; Geology; Geography; Engineering; Mathematics; Aerospace engineering; Cartography; Physics","score_opus":0.009159127675169,"score_gpt":0.22998819710883456,"score_spread":0.22082906943366556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2176413462","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99776465,0.000046647252,0.00035802,0.00014408944,0.000036208097,0.00036272686,0.00009920852,0.00009078178,0.0010976578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85718185,0.000006841009,0.14255746,0.0000066555262,0.000070820155,0.000030429701,0.000022858321,0.000030666317,0.00009240534],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998209,4.1120927e-8,0.00074843375,0.0003319555,0.00043348435,0.00027705936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998015,0.00017085312,0.00045316623,0.00007766309,0.0011971518,0.00008616788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039340727,0.00026240537,0.00065644184,0.00029549486,0.00005985727,0.000049197653,0.0004940625,0.00013931305,0.00004317799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002050293,0.00021344995,0.00049698324,0.0014165689,0.0002838457,0.00037704926,0.00007857339,0.00020534458,6.173909e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007022413,0.0007084273,0.009741049,0.00091439055,0.008029737,2.6282214e-7,0.0009525919,0.0088230595,0.44339302,0.50040275,0.00038798022,0.025944475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024060314,0.0005779576,0.005756213,0.00059314753,0.0020968204,0.0000045484035,0.0049465727,0.75562537,0.22518504,0.0013126603,0.00083247916,0.000663135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057464844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.6726999e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74680233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073484276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017242639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8704236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2195160526","doi":"10.1155/2015/515170","title":"Effects of Medium Characteristics on Laser RCS of Airplane with E-Wave Polarization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Polarization (electrochemistry); Plane wave; Physics; Wavelength; Airplane; Optics; Laser; Radar cross-section; Radar; Materials science; Telecommunications; Scattering; Engineering","score_opus":0.009899572817645221,"score_gpt":0.2334183013971306,"score_spread":0.22351872857948538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2195160526","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9438543,0.000016435291,0.05531094,0.0004352141,0.00018095253,0.000062580606,0.000010612691,0.0000047064286,0.0001242881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99649715,0.000008547476,0.0033279646,0.0000153999,0.00011391801,3.7875037e-7,0.000012462981,0.0000051214292,0.00001902368],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993887,0.00001586336,0.00023534414,0.000052094925,0.00025925934,0.00004876768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988011,0.0000709739,0.00045704033,0.000039311868,0.00060082035,0.00003076851],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000091685564,0.00006108734,0.00013480551,0.0000845696,0.0000098162045,0.000010964496,0.000063922336,0.000024584238,0.0000027091903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009443527,0.000042331536,0.00002132913,0.000048242302,0.00006667326,0.00012429911,0.000017596312,0.00008963588,3.869934e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0063783107,0.0016940368,0.2856368,0.0002128648,0.0013292775,0.0001828857,0.0017054004,0.00081748416,0.35518768,0.09146945,0.00025912767,0.25512666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034971933,0.0028989937,0.12304212,0.0011163116,0.00012264651,0.00007290637,0.0004312612,0.0031043051,0.845045,0.020114811,0.0003221839,0.0002323171],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007632297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.5466147e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48985726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013848599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003604737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.172623},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2200299169","doi":"","title":"Development of a High Performance Digital Silicon Photomultiplier (dSiPM) for ToF PET Imaging","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Silicon photomultiplier; CMOS; Ring oscillator; Jitter; Materials science; Single-photon avalanche diode; Vernier scale; Detector; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Optics; Engineering; Scintillator; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.018636095140954892,"score_gpt":0.2492049171938833,"score_spread":0.2305688220529284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2200299169","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9160949,0.0000033850793,0.078699425,0.000058941074,0.00004097735,0.00015376692,0.0000096132035,0.000089605426,0.0048493794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8084572,6.778788e-8,0.19123267,0.0000074325953,0.00001847027,0.000014071526,0.000014076597,0.000008955487,0.00024705994],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994023,0.0000012231604,0.00017626335,0.00014501433,0.00008789463,0.00018731083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996286,0.000036170637,0.000055955294,0.0001458775,0.00009173914,0.00004167951],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041561634,0.00009776138,0.00013607604,0.000027770928,0.000038004287,0.000021275811,0.000101733975,0.0000109562225,0.000012798615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020141877,0.000080042526,0.000027612612,0.00005731294,0.00005921824,0.00018543213,0.00009478497,0.000047574886,0.000014335026],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105989515,0.0002483841,0.042916596,0.000028940127,0.000071114715,9.779338e-7,0.00042968063,0.00047742217,0.0100579485,0.0329951,0.0005091208,0.9121587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024610576,0.000096177624,0.0032610698,0.000062839346,0.00001742129,0.0000026550213,0.0027726006,0.03196464,0.9139923,0.02435977,0.020399952,0.0006095378],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000633963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.704995e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9115492,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026883026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004407115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32640395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2208353345","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4471-4063-4_3","title":"Active 3D Imaging Systems","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Triangulation; Computer vision; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Interferometry; Range (aeronautics); Optics; Engineering; Geography; Physics; Cartography","score_opus":0.012923513998752701,"score_gpt":0.231338098965238,"score_spread":0.2184145849664853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2208353345","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000006019247,0.00031766962,0.03170163,0.000059048216,0.00025221464,0.0001586574,0.000027237693,0.0002956169,0.9671819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.122643106,0.000010977955,0.010497542,0.000026220834,0.0009027936,0.000009103827,0.000054802073,0.00010636339,0.8657491],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999261,0.0000025959137,0.00015167774,0.00022204958,0.000109287386,0.00025336153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993935,0.00005597422,0.000117074596,0.0003323071,0.00005151617,0.000049626004],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000021908547,0.00024622088,0.00026950403,0.00004880955,0.000052614807,0.000030448928,0.00013064932,0.000091919115,0.00072918023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000025547724,0.00020733444,0.000082782026,0.0000097256025,0.00010629164,0.00009813313,0.0001455369,0.000354329,0.0006241345],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001481617,0.000004305952,0.00002948729,0.000003368781,0.00004499671,0.0000011990302,0.000004662654,0.0000058623164,0.000015388283,0.84072995,0.00049860205,0.15866068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013064238,0.000009624911,0.000009538344,0.00014707162,0.000090740556,0.0000028195009,0.00011544223,0.00029866866,0.00039266696,0.23069012,0.76747876,0.0006339094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033045464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.659857e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7669802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049522278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012190558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84548527},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2221961774","doi":"10.5539/apr.v7n6p85","title":"Classical Definitions of Gravitation, Electricity and Magnetism","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Research","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Atomic physics; Atom (system on chip)","score_opus":0.14765326996450098,"score_gpt":0.36541267499841235,"score_spread":0.21775940503391136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2221961774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80836666,0.000059938277,0.08080504,0.0006488072,0.00002778943,0.00047508816,0.00003345533,0.00011256342,0.10947065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877808,0.000005645855,0.012046952,0.000005846321,0.000061804305,0.000028347898,0.000017968807,0.000011147909,0.00004150333],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907047,0.000032509262,0.00012172666,0.0001849688,0.00032121057,0.00026911547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991262,0.00030337015,0.00003175752,0.00020457344,0.00024759537,0.00008648559],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001933143,0.0000757174,0.00013314352,0.000054794153,0.000091559246,0.000022645405,0.0001188014,0.00003743153,0.0000058404944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004103807,0.0000723612,0.000020305311,0.0005106753,0.00044885624,0.000050661667,0.00014011077,0.00034375183,0.000032170858],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001132659,0.000085558444,0.0006755117,0.0000031835777,0.000009363545,2.3117268e-7,0.00006982897,0.000037362108,0.0087464955,0.95746684,0.0006441152,0.032250192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026804573,0.000063179934,0.0004923239,0.0000036711701,0.0000045551387,1.4954011e-7,0.00028301193,0.00046829408,0.025494684,0.9724503,0.00039842963,0.0000733587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038315913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.275386e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17941412,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020328625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060992315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29508042},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2223112428","doi":"","title":"The influence of flying altitude and beam divergence on canopy penetration and laser pulse return distribution characteristics","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Canopy; Altitude (triangle); Beam divergence; Divergence (linguistics); Distribution (mathematics); Pulse (music); Laser; Environmental science; Optics; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Laser beams; Beam diameter; Physics; Mathematics; Archaeology; Geometry","score_opus":0.007975819245559797,"score_gpt":0.2293785988603186,"score_spread":0.22140277961475882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2223112428","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96895844,0.000047454072,0.030579343,0.0002359973,0.00008444464,0.00004308577,0.000010199793,0.0000031383374,0.000037921505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934029,0.00002023104,0.006480311,0.000023499046,0.000060172664,3.288959e-9,0.0000026369216,0.0000050758476,0.0000051551515],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939644,0.000012687307,0.0002354543,0.00007637231,0.000087413326,0.00019165452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924594,0.0001200301,0.00022028554,0.00009143122,0.00017467559,0.00014763734],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024214567,0.000076626806,0.000113610025,0.00004659017,0.00028173567,0.000042681848,0.000052841217,0.00003563544,7.0421106e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020919567,0.00006078889,0.000019628049,0.00008842338,0.00019228553,0.000087104025,0.000012616643,0.00020673868,1.5766305e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034844717,0.0000025439278,0.028844615,0.000006897556,0.000026363623,0.000046318033,0.00018362256,0.00016688622,0.009620814,0.0010383157,0.000016172577,0.9600126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058605254,0.00031673055,0.9043062,0.0008479389,0.00009642136,0.0001715019,0.0013052275,0.0069439383,0.067716,0.013053811,0.004214772,0.000441422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015190447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021138114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9595712,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000062193765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000092077964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2478899},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2229466086","doi":"","title":"Estimation de l'erreur lidar en terrain complexe avec l'aide d'outils numériques","year":2013,"lang":"fr","type":"preprint","venue":"DSpace (Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Remote sensing; Geology","score_opus":0.1028153406237394,"score_gpt":0.3621643260259898,"score_spread":0.2593489854022504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2229466086","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1584494,0.00034626512,0.76698214,0.04788804,0.000792039,0.0016508581,0.00042787884,0.0007657898,0.022697588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.28649303,0.00008495511,0.6795098,0.00020262873,0.00040075817,0.000089906134,0.0006334256,0.00010172418,0.032483753],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99184215,0.003947776,0.00073181983,0.0013253904,0.0009633316,0.0011895451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9911005,0.0061910045,0.0005680283,0.000737954,0.00101697,0.00038553507],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0065472233,0.00077586813,0.00066575623,0.00033433022,0.0003526341,0.0010496981,0.0011065294,0.0018843339,0.0005676219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008284185,0.000837138,0.0004074535,0.0006984933,0.0010211295,0.0005360845,0.0010344791,0.003838942,0.000790347],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051112347,0.00089439575,0.0044982103,0.0003169666,0.00037038155,0.000021377817,0.011954293,0.043413296,0.025700178,0.7385636,0.029546937,0.14466922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004234475,0.00001644223,0.003396389,0.00079730427,0.000057060235,0.00001574267,0.0011298191,0.24171272,0.02133012,0.67908967,0.051286627,0.00074468314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00073885045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000103468534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19829942,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00506078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018735357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2274409171","doi":"10.5539/mas.v10n1p114","title":"An Actively Quenched Single Photon Detector with a Light Emitting Diode","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pennsylvania State University; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Light-emitting diode; Detector; Common emitter; Photon; Optoelectronics; Diode; Physics; Computer science; Optics; Focus (optics); Span (engineering); Materials science; Engineering","score_opus":0.022047881971177234,"score_gpt":0.2533131014540659,"score_spread":0.23126521948288864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2274409171","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62266743,0.0000030670622,0.36742356,0.00005090862,0.000019662506,0.00013363422,0.000001537339,0.00020379465,0.009496394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9194505,3.393393e-8,0.080429256,0.000026049896,0.000039178234,0.000019751376,0.0000010063559,0.00001566035,0.00001854219],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851567,0.0000074868085,0.00012007468,0.00052590034,0.00037686483,0.00045402744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991568,0.00002578788,0.000089147834,0.00043917235,0.00010118248,0.0001879416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019495882,0.0001633739,0.0001597743,0.00006865244,0.00022663311,0.00013421933,0.00046809466,0.000034302455,0.000004335447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023663637,0.00012682183,0.000017226765,0.0004721403,0.0005169629,0.00035351768,0.00011969735,0.00018079525,0.000017118766],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027976203,0.00007760661,0.0006021316,8.984855e-7,0.0000029863231,0.000001237577,0.00059772807,0.00047393862,0.96704036,0.004576665,0.000002173289,0.026596315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032347365,0.00011787799,0.00019113394,0.000010589169,0.0000066829907,0.0000012976035,0.0007990703,0.04587195,0.906589,0.045740306,0.00009386564,0.00025481114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030260426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053099284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2967831,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118663884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012217097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5171644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2281150367","doi":"10.1149/ma2012-01/18/803","title":"Characterization of a 130 nm CMOS SPAD Pixel","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Characterization (materials science); Pixel; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.014372188102927234,"score_gpt":0.2441875576592337,"score_spread":0.22981536955630646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2281150367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9570614,0.00001376216,0.0008943019,0.000117253,0.00016296149,0.0000841389,0.000008204525,0.000115836534,0.041542113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896082,9.581248e-7,0.010003631,0.00001200122,0.00023389042,0.0000033261229,0.000021872747,0.000016935892,0.00009918052],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992062,0.000013262701,0.0002464627,0.000120538265,0.000116550065,0.00029702624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938637,0.00008293166,0.00022888475,0.00019369529,0.00004924829,0.000058841197],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014902018,0.0001120863,0.00015067197,0.00003643045,0.000059324917,0.00001391106,0.00009777397,0.000051426392,0.0000273343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010324261,0.00010665834,0.000043024207,0.00010560231,0.000059559166,0.00018041342,0.000056763256,0.00014559034,0.00006188861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005815784,0.00012380285,0.020341013,0.000010307191,0.00001733076,3.980177e-7,0.00012629597,0.0003722744,0.97084224,0.0016703418,0.000016752687,0.006473427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014868531,0.000017936049,0.07184286,0.000077066186,0.000015690071,7.576138e-7,0.00012473522,0.00011443236,0.9221278,0.0018693749,0.003494919,0.00016574435],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030883213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.756648e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051501844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013658617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010447584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4349401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2286560232","doi":"","title":"Conception d'un circuit d'etouffement pour photodiodes a avalanche en mode geiger pour integration heterogene 3d","year":2014,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Knowledge UdeS (Institutional Deposit of the University of Sherbrooke)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geiger counter; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Optics; Detector","score_opus":0.012876620829071754,"score_gpt":0.2150526186745224,"score_spread":0.20217599784545065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2286560232","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3788526,0.001093576,0.6143213,0.00045887666,0.00034743838,0.0002570713,0.000025943458,0.000043294614,0.0045999126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.951116,0.00016133429,0.046508607,0.000015340032,0.00018758498,0.0000010186573,0.000023350514,0.00001537341,0.001971342],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985066,0.0002079229,0.0003308077,0.00036825545,0.00027831245,0.00030810767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891394,0.00013359472,0.00020367093,0.00042351926,0.00024327141,0.00008200619],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001710245,0.00029613485,0.00040094138,0.000093117116,0.0004009326,0.000020514097,0.00059391,0.00022058048,0.0001185421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006193581,0.0002855653,0.00034269108,0.00020154992,0.0010296578,0.000261147,0.0003536103,0.00033669162,0.00013190131],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013344172,0.0011994777,0.0067452067,0.00079816894,0.0005368649,0.000004709416,0.0036144196,0.09021767,0.53215176,0.23358671,0.0008514091,0.13016014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019378912,0.00018665599,0.015330834,0.0038344427,0.00050334417,0.0000127631265,0.00075941754,0.19247714,0.74948466,0.020710792,0.014229728,0.0005323342],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005443783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00056000834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5722634,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010757303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014465845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2294751495","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2015.1095956","title":"Closed-loop control of a 2-D mems micromirror with sidewall electrodes for a laser scanning microscope system","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Detector; Optics; Field-programmable gate array; Laser; Microscope; Microelectromechanical systems; Digital micromirror device; Computer science; Laser scanning; Tracking (education); SIGNAL (programming language); Materials science; Physics; Computer hardware; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.01251667992194037,"score_gpt":0.28444374825319513,"score_spread":0.27192706833125474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2294751495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7160528,0.00018389657,0.28259164,0.0004625868,0.00029442745,0.00017604405,0.00005342717,0.000024240055,0.00016097249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9245744,0.000002503757,0.07512609,0.00002361686,0.00018204686,0.0000067055585,0.000005696057,0.000024468627,0.000054486954],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987105,0.000018366958,0.00050264195,0.00014185095,0.00037599658,0.0002506028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975011,0.00013974089,0.00071788335,0.00013675938,0.001419929,0.000084605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029918252,0.00016067538,0.0003674954,0.00016120118,0.000029706585,0.000053942935,0.00047009918,0.00005339759,0.0000047228627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000648347,0.00012491856,0.00015484895,0.00009407186,0.00008032708,0.00021208158,0.000050641545,0.00021761186,0.000002116121],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.010481787,0.0012619261,0.023972828,0.00014557096,0.0070840498,0.00012773796,0.00084639894,0.028871365,0.68851113,0.19785787,0.0017281125,0.03911122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016834512,0.0024527335,0.0001607396,0.0009732378,0.0003914906,0.0002262774,0.0039515933,0.00872069,0.9423616,0.017540002,0.0057669873,0.00062013924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020071258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020574032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25385046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023734088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027190903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5094031},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2315663547","doi":"10.1364/cosi.2015.ct4f.1","title":"Computational Imaging of Light-in-Flight and Related Phenomena","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Optical imaging; Impulse response; Medical imaging; Operator (biology); Artificial intelligence; Optics; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.009056950775270932,"score_gpt":0.23938017656245653,"score_spread":0.2303232257871856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2315663547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75069165,0.00012867375,0.03721822,0.0026390825,0.000063157786,0.00011680698,0.0000026342427,0.00013126245,0.20900851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97546387,1.592776e-7,0.024399297,0.0000075567436,0.000007469976,5.655739e-7,0.0000024452704,0.000003520668,0.00011509281],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996778,0.0000048746037,0.00010764869,0.000082712504,0.000049267433,0.00007770235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998323,0.000029141307,0.000027860031,0.000055870125,0.00003104183,0.000023820587],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000357038,0.000043949025,0.000078599245,0.000033799217,0.000009587581,0.000005315278,0.000032960215,0.000009614638,0.000019826211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007747448,0.0000365975,0.000008673111,0.00008236167,0.000048883026,0.00005998822,0.00004476249,0.00004995911,0.000006060555],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000072236744,0.00006151478,0.09592131,0.0000023324972,0.000015243619,0.000002390233,0.00022200555,0.0028853985,0.0004415173,0.87387276,0.00021560627,0.026352674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070258655,0.000019146042,0.004519038,0.0000151372615,0.0000044935246,0.0000012915888,0.00072719326,0.024417646,0.003231266,0.96569186,0.00055687403,0.00011343922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017174676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.403392e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22477224,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000884649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009043101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14924027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2323656135","doi":"10.1177/154193120705101904","title":"Use of Continuous Zoom on Electro-Optical Imaging Systems: Comparisons between Automatic and Manual Target Tracking","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Zoom; Tracking (education); Computer vision; Computer science; Tracking system; Artificial intelligence; Tracking error; Eye tracking; Kalman filter; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.020063939564674484,"score_gpt":0.2565423483593297,"score_spread":0.23647840879465523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2323656135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99871033,0.00004670675,0.0006418113,0.000045070556,0.000039308852,0.00019475247,0.000033757657,0.00006609445,0.00022216394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905496,0.0000026830228,0.009321282,0.000008683675,0.000077416444,0.0000014251646,0.0000031164006,0.00002334302,0.0000124424405],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872077,0.0000058190376,0.0004965651,0.0002626796,0.00013571644,0.00037844593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886465,0.0003913999,0.00045994512,0.000086847205,0.00013073452,0.0000664435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037179404,0.00022445965,0.00046831975,0.000037910188,0.00032810326,0.00009923732,0.00017561174,0.000079524776,7.5901414e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008143949,0.00017404325,0.00013792116,0.00009047558,0.00040052406,0.00025990882,0.00021899185,0.00035217917,1.2364771e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015733169,0.000057028636,0.9533015,0.00010994687,0.00013226173,6.4832065e-8,0.0018831268,0.00005574631,0.0140193375,0.028419161,0.00019602737,0.0018100981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010782182,0.00036837708,0.6476573,0.0013175842,0.00037343544,0.0000035975283,0.074491054,0.009183235,0.25572255,0.008112546,0.00058674935,0.0011053394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000089258014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.4489218e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30564415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004475607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008163539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70972776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2323945109","doi":"10.1109/jstqe.2014.2344034","title":"CMOS SPADs: Design Issues and Research Challenges for Detectors, Circuits, and Arrays","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Miniaturization; Electronic circuit; Detector; Photonics; Integrated circuit; Single-photon avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Avalanche photodiode; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Materials science; Engineering","score_opus":0.059988225059655904,"score_gpt":0.33290505942042936,"score_spread":0.27291683436077346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2323945109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8150817,0.010359548,0.17121848,0.0026944005,0.0001804615,0.00035929485,0.0000017629727,0.000040151528,0.000064196276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97939014,0.0030434814,0.017069636,0.000012342789,0.00042814953,0.000007665713,6.273544e-7,0.000026113452,0.000021864507],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840844,0.00017488308,0.00037672455,0.00023439142,0.00022939831,0.0005761574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99819493,0.00082435174,0.00017424331,0.00017042835,0.0005582279,0.000077818535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010455127,0.00016719123,0.000365173,0.00022639033,0.00012958358,0.000056532583,0.00020588229,0.00012759143,0.0000017831844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000575355,0.0001497363,0.000037055186,0.00028828156,0.00014949085,0.00013962584,0.000030837684,0.0008907603,3.8667926e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023237098,0.00030629526,0.0030878452,0.00013588354,0.00023442168,0.0000090752765,0.0010783023,0.0008907086,0.05983074,0.37255073,0.00046795377,0.5611757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014335493,0.002766847,0.0012585418,0.00016779665,0.000040128296,0.000036797155,0.0003989927,0.017746488,0.09572831,0.8676021,0.012458011,0.00036241204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009739022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016966513,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56081325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008412085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011498725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6106069},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326660811","doi":"10.1109/jlt.2016.2547915","title":"Theory of Incoherent-Light Temporal Imaging Systems Based on a Temporal Pinhole","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Pinhole (optics); Optics; Frequency domain; Time domain; Computer science; Dispersion (optics); Waveform; Light field; Temporal resolution; Spatial frequency; Physics; Computer vision; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.008792061984747431,"score_gpt":0.24012206031937502,"score_spread":0.23132999833462758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2326660811","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5803522,0.00049790065,0.39560395,0.01593111,0.00095119816,0.0004467808,0.00003713273,0.00040936138,0.005770404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904528,0.0000022562076,0.009228174,0.000024174613,0.00012977414,0.000004668556,8.3945395e-7,0.000029234163,0.0001280506],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983245,0.000071923816,0.00077053806,0.00021584675,0.0002732946,0.00034390893],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793404,0.0002294137,0.0009948337,0.00049392215,0.0002827066,0.0000650568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003656806,0.00023392827,0.0005724496,0.00067245145,0.00005943108,0.000016029086,0.00050009554,0.0001521977,0.000060300725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014615299,0.00013964126,0.00018036694,0.00037318142,0.0003844034,0.00015489983,0.00011758032,0.00039750527,0.000017770508],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000432263,0.00070200366,0.22378263,0.00003782968,0.00025122514,0.0001576039,0.000035509456,0.00012470038,0.11316847,0.55305743,0.0016170635,0.106633276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046261996,0.0018023337,0.0010904616,0.0019175764,0.00013781428,0.00011850403,0.0012044738,0.00071454386,0.4925613,0.47009224,0.024987608,0.0007469462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000056151007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.886192e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41010067,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008942925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008846254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56944054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2332905384","doi":"10.1109/ted.2016.2537879","title":"A Comprehensive and Accurate Analytical SPAD Model for Circuit Simulation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Cancer Society; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Computer science; Single-photon avalanche diode; Electronic engineering; Photon counting; Semiconductor device modeling; Photodetector; Sensitivity (control systems); Detector; Avalanche photodiode; Engineering; Physics; Optoelectronics; CMOS","score_opus":0.043087302684951874,"score_gpt":0.31443356861456034,"score_spread":0.2713462659296085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2332905384","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14299749,0.00001571182,0.8561389,0.000405068,0.000025538486,0.00019381363,0.000030773845,0.000108929285,0.0000838132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971897,0.000006003707,0.00245245,0.000048811442,0.000024041716,0.000027995691,0.0000014775446,0.000016570299,0.00023291982],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923354,0.000011501992,0.00014420904,0.00025968245,0.000079758414,0.00027132113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992718,0.00040445515,0.000049132756,0.00015005794,0.00007750386,0.000047015517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025202964,0.00014135707,0.00015788335,0.00006738692,0.00014019375,0.000025543146,0.000069381385,0.000053060685,0.000014645028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002929369,0.00010338956,0.00006487371,0.000096343334,0.00008528615,0.00018561987,9.921388e-7,0.00010517373,0.000009037084],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022017004,0.00020309443,0.0001328063,0.00002382028,0.00022469719,5.1996585e-7,0.00008066498,0.5756531,0.01891171,0.036795523,0.000024236033,0.36772966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006312572,0.00015617104,0.00008019657,0.000026840522,0.000064118445,4.893355e-7,0.000029989505,0.93160003,0.028403403,0.038300354,0.00050028146,0.0002068499],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000046318946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008037528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85419226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003475229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001957134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4216104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2336872402","doi":"10.1149/ma2014-01/40/1484","title":"Single Photon Avalanche Diode Imaging Systems for Biomedical Applications","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Photomultiplier; Physics; Avalanche photodiode; Photon; CMOS; Detector; Photonics; Optics; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.01252662513380165,"score_gpt":0.2523152185649172,"score_spread":0.23978859343111553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2336872402","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31373313,0.00029109613,0.42634815,0.0016197877,0.00085900066,0.0015606061,0.00007434227,0.0015518185,0.25396207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9695735,5.9605827e-7,0.029639682,0.00001998248,0.00050724007,0.00010386156,0.00004142639,0.000027582972,0.000086148306],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989207,0.000015704802,0.00028598035,0.00028656397,0.00013472527,0.00035632204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989279,0.00046164612,0.00016755307,0.00028944007,0.00006788622,0.00008555893],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002754813,0.00014207987,0.00018251842,0.000046458055,0.00018430031,0.00007904828,0.00017573852,0.00005102992,0.0000036413742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018278818,0.00013318575,0.00006074499,0.00010065229,0.00011164159,0.00006311919,0.00005250495,0.00015906568,0.00004323132],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053130403,0.0016056885,0.015471792,0.00038485072,0.00021247729,0.0000052956166,0.00033720367,0.04367165,0.6688389,0.051597,0.009299621,0.20852236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011775476,0.000104343766,0.0008271269,0.00037507294,0.00008843922,0.0000070828783,0.0007613508,0.06378687,0.23163787,0.0633684,0.6369976,0.0008683392],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006631167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.8457608e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65584034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033209537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013305627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5431157},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2339754873","doi":"10.1109/lascas.2016.7451027","title":"High-voltage pulse generator with variable delay for ultrafast gating of single photon detector","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Detector; Ultrashort pulse; Optics; Physics; Photon; Gating; Optoelectronics; Laser","score_opus":0.009611481770830956,"score_gpt":0.2120721117588793,"score_spread":0.20246062998804834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2339754873","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4694651,0.0000019250017,0.52956575,0.000030483852,0.000025786721,0.0001383173,0.00003393854,0.00008138353,0.00065728935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7216236,1.4546804e-7,0.27798587,0.000010135739,0.000054135053,0.000019218429,0.000003313275,0.00001857361,0.0002850172],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992382,0.00000579923,0.00018292236,0.00022087667,0.00008307887,0.00026912708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992873,0.00021747682,0.00010269393,0.00024162102,0.000109540306,0.000041371568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004942462,0.0001346407,0.00019186454,0.000027716735,0.000063455926,0.000014956778,0.000111685804,0.00004196982,0.00017140772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046104244,0.0000773379,0.000037812526,0.00011188141,0.000095672614,0.000116126525,0.00003484904,0.000045093853,0.000004659593],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037746013,0.000061040504,0.0007981543,0.000006479656,0.00003211803,3.031503e-7,0.000006558553,0.000082382976,0.9284338,0.050268706,0.000024573908,0.020248158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007079003,0.0002361022,0.000025975003,0.000046142064,0.000017349763,4.99218e-7,0.000052677125,0.00024973752,0.98701644,0.010957259,0.00054010726,0.00014982853],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006780129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006505128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25215846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025322133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021870186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31537482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2378401971","doi":"","title":"Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar Monitoring SO_2","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Optoelectronics·laser","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"L'Alliance Boviteq","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Dial; Beijing; Remote sensing; Laser; Environmental science; Wavelength; Absorption (acoustics); Range (aeronautics); Optics; Materials science; Physics; Geography; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.007447871663648083,"score_gpt":0.2586237805601155,"score_spread":0.2511759088964674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2378401971","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9208393,0.00017546798,0.07802576,0.00012029002,0.00036530543,0.00009066492,0.000002488626,0.000047178066,0.00033354422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827694,0.00003939952,0.016317276,0.0000061308024,0.0007435613,0.0000039990923,0.000002107336,0.000026657137,0.0000914415],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873894,0.00001649488,0.00039976736,0.00015274847,0.0002650342,0.00042702575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992115,0.000034005814,0.00031804084,0.00019579324,0.00014973718,0.00009091081],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009124227,0.00018408544,0.00028214572,0.00010594207,0.00010450627,0.00006213706,0.00024308142,0.00007740633,0.00006846133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017976532,0.0001558487,0.00020291288,0.00015471411,0.000062710285,0.00029485585,0.000061073064,0.00064976426,0.000026461279],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000910708,0.0028529,0.022729425,0.000053292897,0.0014771778,0.00013821959,0.00090775586,0.12103986,0.42092264,0.0962543,0.00052818796,0.33218554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022109598,0.0012632775,0.0009795178,0.00012938833,0.000106789936,0.00003609935,0.00032597792,0.00013697748,0.8576071,0.13420591,0.002621877,0.0003760908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000069553284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.9823553e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4366845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023474818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010916728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63553256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2381814284","doi":"10.1149/ma2014-01/40/1497","title":"High Performance Integrated Circuits for Biomedical Imaging Applications","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Vernier scale; Ring oscillator; CMOS; Time-to-digital converter; Detector; Materials science; Image resolution; Lyso-; Avalanche photodiode; Medical imaging; Optoelectronics; Electronic circuit; Computer science; Optics; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Clock signal","score_opus":0.00914617645550674,"score_gpt":0.24258009568375555,"score_spread":0.2334339192282488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2381814284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79125386,0.000017669612,0.16944322,0.00095811934,0.00024282194,0.0004417886,0.000025978425,0.0006424474,0.036974113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95159113,5.324599e-7,0.04785965,0.000033388285,0.00030253598,0.00006592528,0.000063391504,0.00002210926,0.00006131867],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990438,0.000009521868,0.00025412164,0.00025603262,0.000109521556,0.00032700758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991789,0.0002910483,0.00013045686,0.00023735838,0.00009087948,0.00007136713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022274515,0.00013575246,0.0001518784,0.000053067684,0.00020213737,0.00004307048,0.00018597822,0.00004414694,0.000009385709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016167904,0.00012421407,0.00004041322,0.00015166482,0.00012507415,0.00008324427,0.00004337554,0.0002015302,0.00005352581],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001095774,0.00025851556,0.008361748,0.000061902065,0.000048711816,7.7861785e-7,0.00006678715,0.015812282,0.06527976,0.017535398,0.0011245253,0.89143866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020716386,0.00017821655,0.01606884,0.0004925392,0.000106241016,0.0000069522757,0.00055031304,0.08652473,0.5154606,0.12104419,0.25613987,0.0013558359],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039751012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3064552e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8900828,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002493993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021611091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5065303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2385673467","doi":"","title":"Analysis of RVD LIDAR key technologies","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Infrared and Laser Engineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Key (lock); Rendezvous; Computer science; Remote sensing; Systems engineering; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Geography; Computer security","score_opus":0.006745462518574768,"score_gpt":0.19907204462967626,"score_spread":0.19232658211110149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2385673467","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9658271,0.00011361355,0.03254137,0.000037801983,0.000022497348,0.000037228863,0.000014001503,0.00037865428,0.0010277363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98088366,0.000014085315,0.019014072,0.00000239666,0.000009678041,0.0000034103184,0.0000055541045,0.000007392522,0.000059751164],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955887,0.0000017485532,0.00012550283,0.00011954677,0.00005631593,0.00013801096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996934,0.00005162772,0.0000316725,0.00018263985,0.00002235226,0.00001834085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000017308383,0.00009312838,0.0002034783,0.00018959906,0.000033251403,0.000005934731,0.00008159838,0.000044922934,0.000014540537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030194877,0.00008501253,0.00005754159,0.00048686969,0.0000775719,0.000067995104,0.00007125127,0.00010550441,0.00000106319],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033861015,0.00022765841,0.47277954,0.00008326629,0.0042257,0.00006856425,0.0012036022,0.27640042,0.041762803,0.10783477,0.0003319076,0.095047906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001387136,0.00021275677,0.14201859,0.00016644505,0.0011469227,0.000010785714,0.0021428831,0.20569116,0.6063391,0.018010795,0.021171678,0.0017017596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000785915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.0166611e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56457627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000055784217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004263937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34667104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2400334113","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-27863-6_52","title":"On Calibration and Alignment of Point Clouds in a Network of RGB-D Sensors for Tracking","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Point cloud; Computer science; Computer vision; Merge (version control); Artificial intelligence; Video tracking; Representation (politics); RGB color model; Object (grammar); Information retrieval","score_opus":0.022602892850748492,"score_gpt":0.26427483840515376,"score_spread":0.24167194555440527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2400334113","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009303917,0.000052467636,0.98982453,0.0001491658,0.00013023824,0.00026360925,0.00000726461,0.000012864208,0.00025594496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8391503,0.00000133585,0.16072652,0.00002426266,0.00007666501,0.0000017616102,0.0000026165706,0.000008908554,0.000007634062],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990499,0.0000073329616,0.000259175,0.00031681225,0.0001838569,0.00018293095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991657,0.00034788722,0.00017296802,0.00021515261,0.00007309939,0.000025167446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023114152,0.00014833693,0.00029031863,0.00008928887,0.000024336268,0.000016547592,0.00016934099,0.00008817668,0.0000018958717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004081781,0.00012832572,0.00003438826,0.00010725339,0.00033942526,0.000058927162,0.00013048646,0.00017379648,9.780884e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026306838,0.00002172719,0.00025365612,0.000021138942,0.0000059170957,0.0000012795659,0.00020716044,0.52122664,0.00023246408,0.19066663,0.000007538852,0.28732952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019241398,0.0001762747,0.000040337993,0.00034610805,0.0000042372462,4.7601486e-7,8.1784066e-7,0.18012697,0.0057357475,0.81321615,0.000034361943,0.0001260809],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011877715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007868021,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8298464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056986428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005598102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5232971},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2464830972","doi":"10.1145/2897824.2925928","title":"Computational imaging with multi-camera time-of-flight systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Intuitive Surgical; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Waveform; Computer graphics (images); Real-time computing; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.012526708465135443,"score_gpt":0.24326833243237853,"score_spread":0.23074162396724307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2464830972","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02649363,0.000016000156,0.9721704,0.0008518947,0.00005587266,0.00011376354,0.000055105058,0.0001330483,0.00011026388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94373417,0.0000029523646,0.05610295,0.000019075442,0.000012018384,0.000010654326,0.0000036755769,0.000016313033,0.00009816551],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935013,0.00001655032,0.00015548497,0.0001803176,0.00014157321,0.00015593854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920046,0.00026763146,0.000068869114,0.00032262626,0.00010476736,0.00003563694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000036127876,0.00011960277,0.00014041878,0.00011467495,0.000108972075,0.000013552627,0.00015941697,0.000029050474,0.000040268445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000059272215,0.00007756728,0.000060704682,0.00023286123,0.00023244419,0.00011257296,0.0000045184415,0.00012213159,0.000026212647],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033866632,0.0025334524,0.04698483,0.00007622691,0.0013485642,0.000019898127,0.00043157107,0.14719743,0.01587445,0.29514125,0.00038472313,0.48966894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.022796972,0.0019678127,0.023492951,0.0037859106,0.0011445007,0.00010066018,0.0030906573,0.29575062,0.13850753,0.48970628,0.014067744,0.005588365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002515782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001064194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91724056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013214507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018759943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3163102},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2465446308","doi":"10.1109/cvpr.2016.381","title":"Material Classification Using Raw Time-of-Flight Measurements","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Computer science; Feature extraction; Artificial intelligence; Time of flight; ENCODE; Computer vision; Time domain; Pattern recognition (psychology); Scattering; Feature (linguistics); Remote sensing; Optics; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.06236704652929504,"score_gpt":0.2858669834474019,"score_spread":0.22349993691810688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2465446308","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8005337,0.0000012687764,0.19016656,0.00020818358,0.00009318336,0.00007997864,0.0000053999174,0.00009431088,0.008817406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9726581,1.2897888e-7,0.027046066,0.0000036166766,0.000047242636,0.0000011373932,0.000001852453,0.000006765781,0.00023508495],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99956256,0.000009634868,0.00012462564,0.00010744741,0.00008612334,0.000109625995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996826,0.000018025534,0.00006093278,0.00017375627,0.00004852647,0.000016171185],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038275317,0.000060540613,0.00008528076,0.000021544387,0.000027180957,0.000007418182,0.00007591071,0.000025034737,0.0005421545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011118688,0.000036812813,0.000024298708,0.00004677097,0.00006372769,0.00008078676,0.00003708906,0.000016610473,0.00006167738],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008255839,0.000021329344,0.0049566077,7.9420727e-7,0.000012450572,4.0398003e-8,0.000002781061,0.0000033248505,0.95459825,0.015525522,0.000055587265,0.024815075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018315612,0.000012207762,0.0012687093,0.000020075015,0.00000853612,1.0675277e-7,0.0000133816475,0.0003536045,0.98256767,0.015258293,0.0002378484,0.00007643759],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011829048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.07956616e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1721244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020605443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008883621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59362113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2475082679","doi":"10.1109/tns.2016.2582686","title":"A 2D Proof of Principle Towards a 3D Digital SiPM in HV CMOS With Low Output Capacitance","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Silicon photomultiplier; Jitter; Capacitance; Physics; Photon counting; CMOS; Detector; Vernier scale; Photodetector; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.009939551502541957,"score_gpt":0.23274476797601773,"score_spread":0.2228052164734758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2475082679","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7166947,8.27147e-7,0.2817038,0.00020699523,0.000047559926,0.00014716914,0.000026332269,0.000067223154,0.0011053756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98791903,5.4566743e-7,0.011884996,0.0000107035685,0.0000066842945,0.0000074061445,3.051527e-8,0.000013221638,0.00015735808],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989581,0.0000057600982,0.00015526068,0.00031485895,0.00027364717,0.00029234105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999435,0.00003726817,0.00006025247,0.00033234406,0.00007678925,0.000058314272],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006911187,0.00011679591,0.00014337144,0.00011809386,0.00010442234,0.00003831191,0.00029537466,0.00002840623,0.000027361519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011128019,0.00007639131,0.00003609301,0.00058247836,0.0010044929,0.00055686827,0.0000036862039,0.00013672232,0.000021494921],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018048656,0.00088997296,0.00075740484,0.000018453853,0.000020663361,0.0000075665725,0.0006602615,0.018524133,0.042376675,0.0056894994,0.00000666309,0.9308682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003545432,0.0020472452,0.0046999822,0.0013457991,0.00003598944,0.000017416345,0.001273847,0.035166107,0.94092315,0.007665262,0.0018797714,0.0014000104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018881648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000081848875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9294682,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007666171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000083517094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3701096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2495176766","doi":"10.1117/3.1002245.ch20","title":"Near-Infrared Light Detection using CMOS Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes (SiAPDs)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers eBooks","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Silicon photomultiplier; Photodetector; Optics; Photodiode; Absorption (acoustics); Spectroscopy; Infrared; Functional near-infrared spectroscopy; Physics; Detector; Scintillator; Medicine","score_opus":0.014756755124790862,"score_gpt":0.23124953266362755,"score_spread":0.2164927775388367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2495176766","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21627848,0.00011372163,0.09784388,0.00013168271,0.00093010534,0.0030384175,0.00021804345,0.001111805,0.68033385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8011431,0.000016294805,0.15045008,0.00013394833,0.00034199588,0.000078284385,0.00015448895,0.00025970693,0.04742212],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99784577,0.000011976332,0.0007066759,0.00054510316,0.00043761445,0.0004528424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871135,0.00011204433,0.00040169086,0.0004618535,0.00016278026,0.00015028934],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009323304,0.00059055607,0.00066830026,0.00007631841,0.00019421653,0.00009414933,0.00023441792,0.0005525031,0.0007512337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011638314,0.0006165186,0.00059389026,0.000043173255,0.00053161744,0.00016585583,0.000121481484,0.00080059463,0.00006113237],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105875806,0.00016416471,0.000086123684,0.0005306757,0.0026135708,0.000004843348,0.002060054,0.0029398296,0.6353215,0.19910884,0.0016945215,0.15536998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014462527,0.00023088888,0.00002385528,0.00036956134,0.0003913758,0.0000055196506,0.001209204,0.05618914,0.8669676,0.06290874,0.008938479,0.0013193793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053209766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.774781e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63291174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024431825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000087373824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2499871158","doi":"10.1088/0022-3727/49/34/345105","title":"Impact of silicide layer on single photon avalanche diodes in a 130 nm CMOS process","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"FedDev Ontario; Canada Research Chairs; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Silicide; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Diode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Layer (electronics); CMOS; Avalanche diode; Process (computing); Optics; Nanotechnology; Avalanche photodiode; Electrical engineering; Silicon; Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Detector; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.021992919206426827,"score_gpt":0.2936834172288622,"score_spread":0.2716904980224354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2499871158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9718935,0.00000970171,0.025262786,0.000043050564,0.000050287243,0.00018524223,0.000027889539,0.000028305338,0.00249925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978796,0.0000030974877,0.0015887707,0.000014196273,0.00044692875,0.000007284873,0.000002388548,0.000045306522,0.000012383351],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983893,0.000023780285,0.0005629908,0.00023835235,0.00038940136,0.0003961947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99828243,0.00028493573,0.0007995738,0.00033724756,0.0002111251,0.00008465823],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011372128,0.00031692546,0.00065570406,0.00006640377,0.000041105748,0.000022545331,0.0003515724,0.000072321054,0.000017555472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022576178,0.00020395151,0.00032351154,0.00041260713,0.00018502766,0.00025304104,0.000067400884,0.0004108314,0.000014585647],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034889873,0.0018926059,0.0111339325,0.000026609343,0.00023095301,0.0000051501456,0.00033841858,0.009387744,0.7585555,0.0491511,0.000084796135,0.16884431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012053694,0.00037426213,0.0014856415,0.00021476553,0.000034101362,7.9399155e-7,0.0001046761,0.00016607234,0.6764364,0.31972158,0.000016366273,0.00023993231],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000123440905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.018617e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2705705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015547297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010551179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83169013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2510055590","doi":"10.1109/rtc.2016.7543171","title":"Digital SPAD scintillation detector simulation flow to evaluate and minimize real-time requirements","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Timestamp; Computer science; Detector; Jitter; Bandwidth (computing); Scintillation; Electronic engineering; Temporal resolution; Dataflow; Computer hardware; Real-time computing; Physics; Engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.02049222412317711,"score_gpt":0.29158711487480415,"score_spread":0.27109489075162707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2510055590","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7719107,0.0000010964296,0.21860845,0.0004231552,0.000035852372,0.00019607211,0.000012134176,0.00018410293,0.008628407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95515525,4.2214523e-7,0.043034628,0.00000875725,0.00004608758,0.0000029848798,0.0000024225883,0.000010773004,0.0017386861],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935067,0.000008046594,0.00013793277,0.00021729917,0.00012167898,0.00016438926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953187,0.00013950952,0.000039290513,0.00016987968,0.00006477664,0.000054671462],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048717935,0.00009891163,0.00010352647,0.000041935844,0.00005148804,0.00004984174,0.00004757244,0.0000272134,0.00020526802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000932464,0.00006496178,0.000022273793,0.00008014248,0.00004399989,0.00028644243,0.00008533899,0.000020991094,0.00022018608],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037062535,0.000019618392,0.008745231,0.0000014150016,0.000022687098,3.1349848e-7,0.000017639,0.0042373613,0.050791733,0.00091833645,0.00011144605,0.93509716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00481771,0.0006405291,0.05349571,0.00028388164,0.00009144331,9.559576e-7,0.00014380684,0.6555867,0.16185436,0.11464659,0.0068873744,0.0015509148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000041850008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.3290695e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93354625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002957307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000063607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.283012},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2518339601","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2016.7527238","title":"Time-resolved reflectance using short source-detector separation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Detector; Optics; Photon; Physics; Penetration depth; Photon counting; Range (aeronautics); Materials science","score_opus":0.021887236916621738,"score_gpt":0.3037089655304294,"score_spread":0.28182172861380766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2518339601","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43460417,0.0000040515033,0.5596122,0.00012666911,0.00002559063,0.00006618517,0.0000017573836,0.00024627225,0.005313076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9587446,3.0051788e-7,0.03872453,0.000015040616,0.00009605059,0.0000029186638,0.0000010779431,0.000015195466,0.0024003012],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936604,0.00001075396,0.00012531951,0.00019855364,0.00008464972,0.00021465824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960333,0.0000635803,0.000028315302,0.00023316541,0.00003864351,0.00003293705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000033844834,0.00010412752,0.00011202298,0.000026991913,0.00007445841,0.000016507674,0.00009258331,0.00003936368,0.00032622923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019050665,0.000066846624,0.000042452157,0.00009537041,0.000095118034,0.00013210987,0.000053245967,0.000055233846,0.00019429825],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013325946,0.000017831422,0.0010420312,6.0253967e-7,0.000017376171,4.0384225e-7,0.000008104937,0.00018315848,0.8927421,0.0051403088,0.00018848309,0.10064625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003614082,0.000075172764,0.00017994017,0.00005217997,0.000022706643,0.0000013463276,0.000055527093,0.026903002,0.9371461,0.025896536,0.008854451,0.0004515806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000070207925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014045731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5241404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039525014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001135394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35719812},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2533655839","doi":"10.1117/12.2241433","title":"Rapid 2-axis scanning lidar prototype","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; Computer science; Scanner; Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.011247257804710527,"score_gpt":0.2318725409412057,"score_spread":0.22062528313649518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2533655839","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894702,0.000050327595,0.00048235757,0.0036553557,0.00017142484,0.0006772276,0.000044850847,0.00018463528,0.0052636443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7954369,0.000025644673,0.20341885,0.000040515635,0.00050226285,0.00020083725,0.0000033265164,0.00006968019,0.00030196848],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99798787,8.975505e-9,0.0005843022,0.00042406475,0.0005113914,0.0004923799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99804085,0.00019189969,0.0003528067,0.00008465012,0.0012220623,0.000107726904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003424979,0.0003288339,0.0004035184,0.00008408104,0.000100044046,0.00007743597,0.00090534607,0.00014939738,0.000044039498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045908726,0.00022258237,0.00055473624,0.00029673212,0.00040141543,0.0005446507,0.00025950544,0.00027651314,0.0000053902213],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006897491,0.00007141727,0.0012108437,0.0000777683,0.00025760446,3.976909e-8,0.00004322504,0.000009837173,0.39933845,0.5908681,0.0009842407,0.0070694843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023113247,0.0008611453,0.0018128133,0.0010678212,0.00020055975,0.000008288325,0.0015380495,0.0041055307,0.9167601,0.04757228,0.022845592,0.00091651146],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000073349556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9480237e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5432958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000116151255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028889714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90766454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2534090108","doi":"10.1117/12.2242232","title":"Synthetic aperture ladar based on a MOPAW laser","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer science; Synthetic aperture radar; Laser; Optics; Laser ranging; Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.007620280818529176,"score_gpt":0.21513161412686174,"score_spread":0.20751133330833257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2534090108","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842033,0.00001320875,0.0007076689,0.008831747,0.00012762683,0.0003753057,0.00009106908,0.00016268279,0.0054874094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89046174,0.000007481433,0.10865401,0.00016061163,0.00026543613,0.00009119678,0.0000041318785,0.00006369238,0.00029170437],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981275,1.0981547e-8,0.0004598118,0.00042939384,0.0005522628,0.00043097525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99826866,0.00046329704,0.00026273387,0.00009807052,0.00080502103,0.00010220843],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025408348,0.00033452004,0.0003733058,0.00008151962,0.000080905134,0.000061348066,0.0007984604,0.0001569538,0.000039341685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000659631,0.00021486322,0.0005692196,0.00023572474,0.00033880322,0.0002978269,0.00014372518,0.00028209298,0.000007189825],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085277956,0.0001457853,0.00048118923,0.00007126121,0.00018085059,7.275916e-8,0.00001847029,0.00012222386,0.33433986,0.66118413,0.0016387705,0.0017321203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034464218,0.0009426611,0.0008193109,0.0016830231,0.00027046484,0.0000061679193,0.0009752106,0.053782385,0.87275493,0.039241035,0.024904244,0.0011741645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003770748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.2396215e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6219431,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011618205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024324687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8761868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2541826831","doi":"10.3390/photonics3040056","title":"Characterization of SPAD Array for Multifocal High-Content Screening Applications","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photonics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Single-photon avalanche diode; Detector; Characterization (materials science); Context (archaeology); Confocal; Fluorescence; Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy; Optics; Microscope; Avalanche photodiode; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Microscopy; Physics","score_opus":0.028834929695459907,"score_gpt":0.2535144831713471,"score_spread":0.2246795534758872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2541826831","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19216482,0.0000032199885,0.8070143,0.00025862578,0.000026619255,0.00030445983,0.00010068997,0.000054254637,0.000073006115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8300753,0.0000023919217,0.16966091,0.000010038775,0.000029646935,0.00010232634,0.00003340916,0.000010827415,0.00007510609],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951935,0.0000040665286,0.00014903421,0.0001403132,0.00005302545,0.0001342191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999509,0.00008342994,0.00010320195,0.00019713142,0.000084397805,0.000022868442],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000034894543,0.00007151403,0.00011528925,0.00002208091,0.000046724075,0.000005763077,0.000093224575,0.000029861452,0.000015798092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017321403,0.000051583724,0.000047232952,0.000057108835,0.000065348344,0.00006629604,0.000025465872,0.000036010922,0.000005533291],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000111157515,0.00003319997,0.0006624428,0.0000031908905,0.0000140159855,1.5506695e-8,0.000008316977,0.000006735183,0.8492829,0.053431716,0.0000018050673,0.09654451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039937682,0.000026734679,0.00094410055,0.000025049474,0.00001234588,7.838309e-8,0.000026885964,0.00049252657,0.9777262,0.01188375,0.008372059,0.00009087238],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010820958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.0971514e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6379105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000134629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009098493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21035232},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2542502079","doi":"10.1109/icm.2012.6471386","title":"Modeling CMOS PIN photodiode using COMSOL","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Multiphysics; Avalanche photodiode; Photodiode; CMOS; Quantum tunnelling; Electric field; Semiconductor device modeling; Semiconductor device; Optoelectronics; Silicon; Computer science; Semiconductor; Field (mathematics); Electrical engineering; Electronic engineering; Materials science; Physics; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Finite element method; Detector","score_opus":0.044381340357548385,"score_gpt":0.2976191629861524,"score_spread":0.253237822628604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2542502079","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44440857,0.00001739811,0.54889446,0.000034470573,0.00005138141,0.00004912049,0.0000011729248,0.0001308935,0.0064125387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8519313,2.8309057e-7,0.14784516,0.000032989377,0.00010608454,0.0000017644736,0.0000018500176,0.0000110508545,0.00006956421],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939716,0.0000066774232,0.00010829567,0.000100797675,0.00006761752,0.0003194272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970335,0.000018522243,0.000018556182,0.00018570187,0.000021002164,0.000052862997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000040570452,0.00009315178,0.000105729545,0.000022077827,0.0000805901,0.000016039974,0.000081052334,0.00003041237,0.00014262555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071446625,0.00007933378,0.000040221497,0.00007199882,0.000035490993,0.00017657345,0.0000854507,0.00011319302,0.000055313056],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000211478,0.0004192769,0.042096037,0.000010927926,0.00012270178,0.000001356895,0.0002908472,0.1469816,0.075950764,0.6729944,0.0002348903,0.060876064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017628146,0.000007376797,0.00002479155,0.000012113943,0.00001516877,0.0000010765625,0.00038834964,0.9310035,0.048396543,0.019355273,0.00039916774,0.00022037802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012636937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.9904795e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7840219,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020286065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006344148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32351378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2544798144","doi":"10.1149/ma2012-01/18/813","title":"High-Speed Ultra-Sensitive CMOS SPAD Imagers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Materials science","score_opus":0.012539979500608684,"score_gpt":0.24603624403369329,"score_spread":0.2334962645330846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2544798144","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82629514,0.000027421984,0.00026039162,0.00037579885,0.00037190155,0.000117466196,0.000011635732,0.00036056913,0.17217968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97442913,0.0000010381007,0.024769977,0.0000477338,0.0005175925,0.0000016994543,0.000018861589,0.000036327463,0.00017761154],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986063,0.000028057899,0.00027057322,0.00025140846,0.0001813395,0.00066229573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989941,0.00030784187,0.00018573784,0.00029164564,0.00007061302,0.00015004889],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023518344,0.00022261393,0.00023169105,0.0000476034,0.00017547926,0.00005037343,0.00013797129,0.00007940487,0.00004183198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023376595,0.0002110337,0.00007948143,0.00013754386,0.0001527689,0.00025800828,0.000055083667,0.00037353355,0.0004323205],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006668614,0.00063148915,0.023658566,0.00002579821,0.00024538636,0.000043802072,0.0010139119,0.030529914,0.902835,0.015411895,0.0023325076,0.023205003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002830293,0.000020994798,0.015324729,0.000060238664,0.000029517332,0.0000039891597,0.00067102344,0.00005525033,0.9768449,0.0045119957,0.0018476895,0.00034666163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028040612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.740686e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17200208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000439672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013180431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86057043},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2546354034","doi":"10.1109/tns.2013.2293426","title":"Modeling of Single Photon Avalanche Diode Array Detectors for PET Applications","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Detector; Scintillator; Physics; Photon; Single-photon avalanche diode; Avalanche photodiode; Silicon photomultiplier; Monte Carlo method; Photodetector; Diode; Photon counting; Energy (signal processing); Optics; Particle detector; Electronic engineering; Optoelectronics; Engineering","score_opus":0.015415881727150846,"score_gpt":0.24501590851670352,"score_spread":0.22960002678955266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2546354034","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2315276,6.2043074e-7,0.7675409,0.000048521255,0.00006184164,0.00016279994,0.000011647677,0.000092485774,0.00055361644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9059722,4.932796e-7,0.09394321,0.000013525887,0.00001677879,0.000023755241,1.4078485e-7,0.000013125302,0.000016789043],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992421,0.0000064086867,0.00013988333,0.00025664442,0.00014391044,0.00021101609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943405,0.00007089341,0.00004349894,0.000316408,0.00008575967,0.000049356924],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000114791736,0.00008812124,0.00011335607,0.000088668276,0.0003160821,0.00002801404,0.00026608925,0.000019670339,0.00001649569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007774038,0.00008295655,0.00006836144,0.00032199148,0.00032903047,0.00013730445,0.0000018601914,0.00010565163,0.000013993599],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020079773,0.0002434091,0.000009737261,0.000010353315,0.000009018757,3.2275793e-8,0.00011356829,0.3613494,0.5712077,0.006420846,0.0000029535404,0.060612895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016419687,0.00011656739,0.000003899625,0.000016521251,0.000014949748,5.5705544e-7,0.00016099631,0.6648052,0.32846686,0.005676582,0.00044242188,0.00013130091],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017534236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023111531,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6744446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031745218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017665056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.338287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2547563688","doi":"10.1109/ultsym.2003.1293560","title":"Theoretical assessment of a crossed electrode 2-D array for 3-D imaging","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Phased array; Electrode array; Electrode; Aperture (computer memory); Transducer; Optics; Sensor array; Phased-array optics; Wavelength; Physics; Acoustics; Materials science; Computer science; Telecommunications; Antenna (radio)","score_opus":0.005354988860000094,"score_gpt":0.30252321197631804,"score_spread":0.29716822311631796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2547563688","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.053663846,0.000003654506,0.92552775,0.0009244553,0.000020382951,0.00014581105,0.0000048622874,0.00008655256,0.019622652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.65900457,1.2165889e-7,0.34092012,0.000023089435,0.000020257732,0.0000088811,0.0000029351936,0.00000671157,0.000013340533],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944234,0.0000037037441,0.00013191217,0.00014081862,0.00006664387,0.00021460625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996439,0.00007644212,0.000038318783,0.00016514481,0.000053131705,0.000023060242],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054454227,0.00007900041,0.00012781683,0.000020459702,0.000045933528,0.000016041084,0.00009381441,0.000016040185,0.00008559034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018837996,0.000062260486,0.00006759138,0.00006437504,0.00024162522,0.00004588852,0.00002301691,0.00007846182,0.0000015262655],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000049534515,0.0000563758,0.00090837554,0.000002059559,0.000010522506,1.08589546e-7,0.00000725616,0.00019767937,0.08562757,0.9099648,0.000007955995,0.0032123611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036558625,0.000034111898,0.00018711307,0.000006114189,0.0000066162197,1.9590044e-7,0.00006984414,0.00062117144,0.32513097,0.6734537,0.000063922445,0.000060651128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007149461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.955189e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6053407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025315589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003843927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2538909},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2549949221","doi":"10.1111/phor.12167","title":"The Practical Application Of 3D Vision in the Field: Measuring Reindeer (<i>Rangifer Tarandus</i>) Antler Growth Velocities","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Photogrammetric Record","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Antler; Artificial intelligence; Object (grammar); Range (aeronautics); Feature (linguistics); Field (mathematics); Computer science; Ranging; Computer vision; Geography; Mathematics; Engineering; Archaeology","score_opus":0.01671620436761772,"score_gpt":0.2829895408721271,"score_spread":0.26627333650450935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2549949221","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3461079,0.0001539489,0.62645936,0.01957125,0.00023557527,0.0011035237,0.0000068050354,0.000106230014,0.006255394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968247,0.000059427122,0.002797244,0.00010352288,0.00007897697,0.00006724031,8.8502617e-7,0.000011902185,0.00005612816],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886554,0.00012040272,0.0002786694,0.00018071795,0.00027113545,0.00028355658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948132,0.004416733,0.0001508337,0.00051173824,0.000088169356,0.000019338348],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007126565,0.00012518108,0.0001548896,0.00008851224,0.00017705538,0.000042966432,0.0004132515,0.00005893877,0.000015137768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069909776,0.000048018424,0.000076330594,0.0008587803,0.00021792925,0.000099190176,0.000098396195,0.00027880634,0.000014755602],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010600869,0.00007796713,0.00895104,0.0000035612202,0.00002706502,6.712948e-7,0.00010780347,0.0000031487473,0.001490158,0.02303729,0.00071993103,0.9654754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037002612,0.0010143666,0.05127789,0.00026159664,0.00022142363,0.000015603719,0.0046074395,0.0037803357,0.1380688,0.67755705,0.11836065,0.001134602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00079452014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040349605,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96434075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002379094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016308932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19581345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2550557946","doi":"10.1088/2040-8978/19/1/013001","title":"Roadmap on structured light","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1327,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Max Planck - University of Ottawa Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Basic Energy Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation; University of Queensland; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Leverhulme Trust; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; QuantIC; Office of Science; Canada Research Chairs; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Structured light; Computer science; Light field; Key (lock); Perspective (graphical); Face (sociological concept); Data science; Sociology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.008664014252089665,"score_gpt":0.2475060696463299,"score_spread":0.23884205539424025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2550557946","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88950384,0.000038222202,0.089145996,0.007950646,0.00071106735,0.00006625215,0.000007519632,0.00004514294,0.01253132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9642875,0.000004362978,0.035141535,0.000026407579,0.0003011764,1.2547599e-7,9.279846e-8,0.0000088883135,0.00022988275],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994485,0.0000080764,0.00020735146,0.00006155655,0.00014188567,0.00013266853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942094,0.00007947899,0.00019494513,0.00014999454,0.000104073624,0.00005057434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000051019248,0.00007901752,0.00014306625,0.000048525282,0.000028386094,0.000014866172,0.00014773988,0.000034164153,0.000057027682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006626762,0.0000417352,0.000075295015,0.00005469869,0.000040889256,0.00008774813,0.00002891411,0.00014485988,0.000020519437],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012066163,0.00016532798,0.00558668,0.0000033459285,0.00018284803,0.000046395988,0.00005758875,0.0004072347,0.10198735,0.53918195,0.0036240034,0.3486366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018047248,0.0008594256,0.0032895794,0.0002446204,0.000064041546,0.000034203462,0.00017835874,0.00007853438,0.44323966,0.51436126,0.035492357,0.0003532593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.6889307e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.24504e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34828332,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025422287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018245184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1701912},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2555404603","doi":"10.1115/ipc2016-64704","title":"Oil Pipeline Standoff Leak Detection: A Novel Approach for Airborne Remote Detection of Small Leaks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring and Maintenance; Materials and Joining","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Pipeline transport; Leak; Leak detection; Environmental science; Computer science; Ranging; Dial; Acoustics; Geology; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.020461251184913976,"score_gpt":0.237498708452243,"score_spread":0.217037457267329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2555404603","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38423997,0.000063813204,0.61506623,0.00010344045,0.00026379232,0.00008974912,0.00004382663,0.00006791946,0.00006126887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9047422,0.000081962586,0.09383923,0.0000043078157,0.00044809617,0.00003563675,0.0000054530215,0.000023748487,0.00081937714],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989318,0.000020842075,0.00037478315,0.00033219755,0.00007180404,0.00026853528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994272,0.000059487953,0.000117049094,0.0001756762,0.00017024761,0.000050313312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026122594,0.00018038001,0.00031190348,0.000064227555,0.00029819875,0.000098125805,0.000058219684,0.00007989365,0.0000043196947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012550013,0.0001316975,0.00003822508,0.000075312215,0.00011998778,0.00018205123,0.00007181783,0.00007172819,6.572577e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007864517,0.000021056754,0.00016699093,0.000038924853,0.000019697945,1.4573172e-7,0.0000429899,0.00018444417,0.71569514,0.00096734357,0.0000032559376,0.28278136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024207768,0.00027827054,0.0009639591,0.00045497707,0.000064102154,0.000011528565,0.0009040788,0.012841712,0.97847766,0.0008922594,0.002271761,0.00041888823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020315347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000141648125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.521227,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002938213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016092563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5370468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2564349480","doi":"10.1109/iros.2016.7759042","title":"Development of a low-cost ultra-tiny line laser range sensor","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Line (geometry); Laser; Image sensor; Calibration; Pixel; Electro-optical sensor; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Optics; Materials science; Engineering; Electronic engineering; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.016175033958998972,"score_gpt":0.25162201189097877,"score_spread":0.2354469779319798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2564349480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6998076,0.0000027045028,0.28898236,0.00054780557,0.000042144093,0.00016255704,0.000013897153,0.00015529395,0.010285684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8417462,5.912309e-7,0.1569875,0.00001855755,0.000029686305,0.0000059681447,0.0000020222085,0.000008727254,0.0012007196],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993996,0.00000525659,0.00018602585,0.00014193574,0.00008177547,0.00018541989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960136,0.000077082994,0.000051561936,0.00018449515,0.000050919938,0.000034554312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041835905,0.00009528086,0.00014009788,0.000025269213,0.000030719242,0.000004331781,0.00008728471,0.000030315763,0.00031747768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019613466,0.000055290617,0.000036547655,0.000071243856,0.00007241547,0.000047624322,0.000037931008,0.000045455912,0.00014471874],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035252502,0.00018129102,0.008695319,0.000010771358,0.000055644094,0.0000017826167,0.00009390547,0.000011642823,0.17698061,0.021864202,0.00022835014,0.7918412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050514727,0.000010144824,0.0007721974,0.00004511189,0.000004281388,2.0055599e-7,0.00013420066,0.000013344546,0.98648,0.0022787708,0.009623908,0.00013267736],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003359774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023435848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8094994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015183845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018373355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34761578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2567943396","doi":"10.2514/6.2017-0907","title":"Experimental Evaluation of PICAS: An Electro-Optical Array for Non-Cooperative Collision Sensing on Unmanned Aircraft Systems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Collision avoidance; Collision; Aerospace engineering; Computer science; Aeronautics; Remote sensing; Engineering; Computer security; Geology","score_opus":0.04245881418411817,"score_gpt":0.35795380274993244,"score_spread":0.31549498856581426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2567943396","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78738564,0.0000064089018,0.20598872,0.00012813423,0.00012895232,0.0007782709,0.000008031242,0.00006809779,0.0055077136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9672768,1.3521996e-7,0.032484308,0.000008236621,0.000113003094,0.000024370724,0.00001912619,0.000017857508,0.00005614069],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989181,0.000037137484,0.00022463601,0.00030429935,0.00027655554,0.00023922599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883866,0.000112605005,0.00014955392,0.0005217592,0.00032686724,0.000050568924],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026802465,0.00015773902,0.00025691482,0.000037691607,0.00035752717,0.00010095261,0.00015985507,0.00006828318,0.000008133544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011814871,0.00012748348,0.00006060561,0.0000342346,0.00014758785,0.00023284096,0.00003944483,0.00009951237,0.000006474394],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020702265,0.00035706264,0.00014411054,0.000006560722,0.00006853592,4.8484856e-7,0.00015559333,0.0064535136,0.8902151,0.091881394,0.00013929527,0.010371357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085161923,0.00067967374,0.00012732524,0.00004600452,0.000028778199,4.0904186e-7,0.0011607468,0.15114494,0.84389096,0.0018956626,0.000032324017,0.00014156892],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004173469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022691697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17989115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000864947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044780685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51986253},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2572338844","doi":"10.1063/1.4897296","title":"Time and spectrum-resolving multiphoton correlator for 300–900 nm","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Industry Canada; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; European Commission; Universities Space Research Association; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Monochromator; Optics; Photon; Physics; Spectrometer; Collimated light; Spectral resolution; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Resolution (logic); Diode; Spontaneous parametric down-conversion; Optoelectronics; Spectral line; Wavelength; Laser","score_opus":0.006418596844892563,"score_gpt":0.22055291197497362,"score_spread":0.21413431513008105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2572338844","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7949198,0.000016201971,0.20188828,0.00009353346,0.00011403731,0.00019303552,0.000008610417,0.000040806586,0.0027257376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95466715,0.0000014209642,0.044696353,0.000034591245,0.00053721346,0.000002444908,0.000002389539,0.000023108023,0.000035354213],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999314,0.000005648019,0.00023965456,0.0001237782,0.000116301635,0.00020063578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919736,0.00025507878,0.00029015465,0.00013963821,0.00005337411,0.000064413594],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011547506,0.0001348172,0.00028290757,0.000025917345,0.0000919352,0.00003187937,0.00012420435,0.000043259635,0.000010446642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017578612,0.000114489405,0.00008894147,0.00006971578,0.00010752948,0.00008617034,0.00005242347,0.0002398759,0.000013088715],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006347993,0.0005419252,0.0013978205,0.000058367474,0.00045890867,0.0000027157018,0.00070762547,0.062293503,0.23101193,0.41402423,0.0030298317,0.28583834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025546919,0.00030124394,0.00047960764,0.0000799002,0.00013820754,0.0000045084403,0.00022915163,0.16646178,0.17098886,0.6489394,0.009351713,0.00047098074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016060928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.1015571e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28536734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019375546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014742137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46687424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2585091367","doi":"10.1109/mspec.2017.7833511","title":"When lasers took flight [Past Forward]","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Spectrum","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Aeronautics; Computer science; Telecommunications; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.011220592626303481,"score_gpt":0.25501650839391243,"score_spread":0.24379591576760895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2585091367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.504869,0.000032495158,0.07167764,0.022875058,0.001864402,0.00043174214,0.000052350537,0.00076700153,0.39743036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888028,0.0000012444958,0.006755862,0.000043856184,0.0005189774,0.000003902183,0.0000026072712,0.000020608515,0.003850164],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915123,0.0000057677994,0.00011968992,0.00024920615,0.00011146163,0.00036267412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99896884,0.000025043924,0.000104316256,0.0008224652,0.000015921822,0.00006339736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038284405,0.0001469945,0.0001698654,0.000030322264,0.0003697938,0.00013892575,0.00044685343,0.00004745291,0.0002484279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014856482,0.00013065916,0.000087672226,0.000026891963,0.0001932742,0.00020255233,0.000115099836,0.0001857417,0.0003723927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007499158,0.00026070312,0.0801339,0.00001577219,0.0002998379,0.000071155846,0.00022751535,0.00024291455,0.009425818,0.74427295,0.0687415,0.09623291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006159101,0.000087297085,0.0045227855,0.000032725562,0.000030833286,0.000001953545,0.00011223918,0.00036642584,0.22222024,0.67574626,0.09580399,0.00045930978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001036282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000023379898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4839338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034667606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001599647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5328126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2585859008","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-017-0064-x","title":"Laser annealing heals radiation damage in avalanche photodiodes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EPJ Quantum Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Office of Naval Research; Industry Canada","keywords":"APDS; Avalanche photodiode; Optoelectronics; Laser; Dark current; Radiation; Optics; Physics; Materials science; Annealing (glass); Photodiode; Photon; Photodetector; Detector","score_opus":0.015196766763971008,"score_gpt":0.30349682919102455,"score_spread":0.2883000624270535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2585859008","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98539156,0.0000920397,0.007280373,0.0041258316,0.00017919995,0.00019525588,0.000012321984,0.00045594617,0.0022675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941421,0.000022516238,0.0055856663,0.000037217316,0.00007182669,0.000027589389,0.000009799332,0.000021580217,0.00008167919],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988705,0.000018443416,0.0002523638,0.00034164597,0.0000848466,0.00043218955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987387,0.00006106988,0.00020519883,0.00091815105,0.00004551221,0.000031367665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014601712,0.00017074455,0.0002892091,0.00023234457,0.00028690443,0.000060348502,0.0005439507,0.0002034831,0.000055584762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019830238,0.00016734525,0.000046523615,0.0001686085,0.0003859607,0.00020000308,0.0001817111,0.000438257,0.00007458229],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021343592,0.00014520904,0.2590072,0.000010643142,0.000040839474,0.000045051806,0.000072245806,0.00020839409,0.013868171,0.48017064,0.0009325543,0.24547774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013190608,0.00012075458,0.024118917,0.000094462404,0.000015477115,0.0000036420988,0.000616512,0.016563045,0.23323363,0.71534324,0.008030761,0.0005405109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013035096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003224168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24493723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039436916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019062509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6824141},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2587509391","doi":"10.1109/asscc.2016.7844128","title":"An area-efficient wideband CMOS hall sensor system for camera autofocus systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","keywords":"CMOS; Amplifier; Capacitor; Electrical engineering; Autofocus; Wideband; Hall effect sensor; Chip; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Physics; Engineering; Voltage; Optics","score_opus":0.014551230093402581,"score_gpt":0.2463411442239944,"score_spread":0.2317899141305918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2587509391","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14928812,0.000024524043,0.84437346,0.000348442,0.00029371085,0.00058522046,0.00006999112,0.00073945144,0.0042770505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98684204,2.554253e-7,0.011726195,0.000007916493,0.00014006843,0.000064564745,0.000004899391,0.00002838934,0.0011856913],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988295,0.000021368613,0.0002534437,0.00036444163,0.0001261545,0.0004050996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989805,0.0002104799,0.000093921786,0.0004940987,0.00012200057,0.00009899498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009077144,0.00019067325,0.00026991844,0.000043300308,0.00012486438,0.0000624718,0.0001787391,0.000066405395,0.00002002487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021257205,0.0001108439,0.00007850803,0.00007321241,0.00008895761,0.000080581085,0.00004144011,0.000057322814,0.000052338044],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006332358,0.00022475871,0.0022279406,0.00006800639,0.00012135013,0.0000071434074,0.00005599044,0.0063646534,0.066597626,0.8715874,0.000997244,0.051684584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009337107,0.0016928941,0.00066691206,0.0018880961,0.00034261393,0.000051335945,0.013882115,0.38775188,0.50906175,0.01614824,0.055263758,0.003913315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015561617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027004173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8554391,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008965964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021152848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4520083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592542044","doi":"10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0297","title":"Ground‐Based<scp>LiDAR</scp>","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"International Encyclopedia of Geography","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Scale (ratio); Computer science; Environmental science; Geography; Cartography","score_opus":0.0071802618890009036,"score_gpt":0.25344928180656645,"score_spread":0.24626901991756556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2592542044","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003169003,0.0002593746,0.010473744,0.000103764294,0.0012623112,0.00017093858,0.00037619605,0.00024610996,0.98679066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03790252,0.0005855381,0.0699749,0.000094034294,0.0029056666,0.00008957065,0.0008007834,0.0006666179,0.88698035],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987095,0.00001243729,0.00023999553,0.00038042763,0.00039164966,0.0002659717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984712,0.00014880851,0.0005904052,0.00061749393,0.000111514004,0.000060587303],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004988782,0.0003131027,0.0003526947,0.00051193323,0.0000550398,0.000048017955,0.00095926615,0.00019747535,0.000569602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009964579,0.00030326075,0.00032079275,0.00008990604,0.0003933843,0.00008417592,0.00019190344,0.00030774466,0.00007885909],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009569035,0.00041432338,0.13521598,0.00006535164,0.0013460966,0.000026110192,0.000024110816,0.000050596078,0.000030154295,0.08118653,0.6388814,0.1427498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027198633,0.000027086773,0.00291497,0.00021497248,0.00004035069,3.981867e-7,0.000016368795,0.000023466595,0.00008364042,0.020963017,0.9753194,0.000124336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007513797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001945345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33643803,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013984932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043364354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593260652","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2017.02.041","title":"Oxy-nitrides characterization with a new ERD-TOF system","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe; Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Detector; Optics; Time of flight; SIGNAL (programming language); Microchannel plate detector; Materials science; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.0512322061869061,"score_gpt":0.4009288724026781,"score_spread":0.349696666215772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2593260652","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9747486,0.0000019928982,0.023307761,0.00014668146,0.0002191241,0.00031517708,0.000020907275,0.00006573036,0.0011740116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9565953,0.000020549378,0.04280701,0.000007248714,0.0003051744,0.00002590761,0.0000138765345,0.00003244845,0.00019249062],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988572,0.000112429676,0.0002083817,0.00035103102,0.00018350495,0.00028745626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991898,0.00006919571,0.00018613842,0.00034055955,0.00012152731,0.00009277835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000335964,0.00017032494,0.00026365035,0.0001223241,0.00081991917,0.0006993548,0.00013260361,0.00005101547,0.00004602571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027903237,0.00012655415,0.000016969923,0.00014245934,0.00029862393,0.00076794217,0.0001890012,0.0003296932,0.00000418109],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004317287,0.00013726787,0.0069395094,0.00007234337,0.0001234023,0.0000030661865,0.00028697573,0.000009231985,0.5980781,0.032405403,0.000013981479,0.361499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0049562766,0.0013750549,0.09451747,0.0023418728,0.0001138677,0.00009982084,0.007645618,0.0032573293,0.8395229,0.022849498,0.022088993,0.0012312836],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00085841265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011635313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36026773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000065941895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031401425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6743894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2597266713","doi":"10.1109/ted.2017.2677201","title":"The Effect of Pinned Photodiode Shape on Time-of-Flight Demodulation Contrast","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","keywords":"Demodulation; Square (algebra); Photodiode; Sorting; Optics; Time of flight; Optical transfer function; Contrast (vision); Benchmark (surveying); Physics; Computer science; Mathematics; Geometry; Algorithm; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.006330946174099419,"score_gpt":0.25940994203298834,"score_spread":0.25307899585888893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2597266713","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94698256,0.000030326579,0.05082269,0.00031787422,0.00010745734,0.00031393423,0.000016464497,0.00006819717,0.0013405059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996054,0.0000066673474,0.00021119288,0.000006738331,0.000025216477,0.000020179354,0.0000018107722,0.000014958958,0.00010783503],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916714,0.000046549852,0.00020801045,0.00018552307,0.00015499844,0.0002377612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987205,0.00046297428,0.00024796417,0.00049578474,0.000047482667,0.000025286097],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012182294,0.00015745795,0.00023839752,0.000048284015,0.0005087479,0.00003918258,0.00030125323,0.000057978894,0.000032999575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010966812,0.00010666615,0.00012026945,0.00006881111,0.00019627342,0.0001183897,0.0000016946608,0.00022084845,0.00002349328],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015668012,0.0003473677,0.0026636922,0.000047775786,0.00063931546,0.0000010593765,0.000076167256,0.0128494855,0.29908058,0.005382906,0.00005855606,0.6772863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048653432,0.0007785768,0.0014292258,0.000049339225,0.00006029308,2.800134e-7,0.000007958044,0.008535592,0.98740005,0.00097211695,0.00017130582,0.00010872371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039499333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002270776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6883195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024041874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013985865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43497193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2609795132","doi":"10.1109/msp.2017.2669347","title":"Computational Depth Sensing : Toward high-performance commodity depth cameras","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Microsoft (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Focus (optics); Light field; Commodity; Artificial intelligence; Field (mathematics); Computer vision; Depth of field; Data science; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.027871845194036057,"score_gpt":0.2814110853398668,"score_spread":0.25353924014583074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2609795132","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56381994,0.000025323243,0.42805988,0.00063604466,0.00016343969,0.00012501347,0.000014232243,0.00027492954,0.0068812054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9266089,0.0000010582917,0.072743826,0.00007496068,0.0003497175,0.0000023256935,0.00002918773,0.000036126847,0.00015385918],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850214,0.000022569502,0.00030035828,0.0004059322,0.00030759914,0.00046142782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988696,0.00007576658,0.00034257828,0.00038668362,0.00023068751,0.000094666466],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013190626,0.0002846143,0.0003283636,0.00006182745,0.0010264373,0.00035753276,0.0004191065,0.000077675555,0.00003026174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024622319,0.00026629685,0.000059899052,0.00010227028,0.00051149033,0.0005914825,0.00014998479,0.00043287425,0.00012170119],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004778661,0.000089749105,0.013845017,0.000055982367,0.000041759587,0.000015182742,0.000066838504,0.027598632,0.0033912773,0.0013485044,0.0005280796,0.9529712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022860607,0.00023066829,0.13494411,0.0005899594,0.00012262102,0.000031348987,0.00009981536,0.6892134,0.060830154,0.10820538,0.0019165917,0.0015299111],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059742382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011491726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9514413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053518765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012490193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999789},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2621256575","doi":"10.1063/1.4985059","title":"Robust reconstruction of time-resolved diffraction from ultrafast streak cameras","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Structural Dynamics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","keywords":"Streak; Diffraction; Ultrashort pulse; Streak camera; Iterative reconstruction; Computer science; Ultrafast optics; X-ray crystallography; Optics; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.010857575694773532,"score_gpt":0.2375097247954976,"score_spread":0.22665214910072407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2621256575","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837963,0.0000037368336,0.01266797,0.00013093372,0.00037003824,0.00010179452,0.00027492666,0.00008619742,0.0025680808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97870755,0.000002219064,0.020848088,0.0000022754518,0.00013316823,0.0000016076887,0.00015466104,0.000016094826,0.00013434383],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992037,0.0000129190375,0.00022214215,0.00025024835,0.00011257521,0.00019844541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988951,0.00006106664,0.00036886742,0.0005565621,0.000077634046,0.000040771283],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000020430472,0.00016559873,0.00023477881,0.000032910964,0.00029602993,0.0000692622,0.00026242677,0.00008395909,0.00015889374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054090346,0.00014779829,0.000083473424,0.000038005255,0.0003471494,0.00032536537,0.00008945206,0.0002278665,0.000011907984],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054351174,0.000016170261,0.12335556,0.000005589224,0.0001249717,0.0000013988829,0.000034441942,0.0025709555,0.01834658,0.019708738,0.000012525038,0.8357687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009356943,0.00007632927,0.4369388,0.00008947864,0.000104303224,0.00000634164,0.0006383637,0.29860407,0.01834959,0.24366075,0.000029292882,0.0005669964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016633678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013874908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83520174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006415067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014770628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6027039},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622183690","doi":"10.4050/f-0070-2014-9597","title":"Helicopter Flight Test of the Obscurant Penetrating Autosynchronous Lidar (OPAL) in Degraded Visual Environments: Part II - See-through Capability Assessment","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer science; Test (biology); Remote sensing; Environmental science; Geology","score_opus":0.009537860751243814,"score_gpt":0.2579563698802481,"score_spread":0.2484185091290043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2622183690","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762296,0.0000088569495,0.016172813,0.00075660634,0.00008607189,0.00033404108,0.000008913651,0.0000656346,0.0063374485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785678,0.000001402962,0.02113723,0.0000528051,0.000054372624,0.00002256648,0.0000071589866,0.000016143049,0.00014052074],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985156,0.00007695269,0.00045651823,0.00036334747,0.00022730874,0.00036029206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989764,0.00028435775,0.00016360496,0.00052475993,0.000015455047,0.000035437486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017451812,0.00021970489,0.00029398018,0.00002030148,0.00016573229,0.000020123527,0.00026311725,0.000071578586,0.00017445427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008089528,0.00014656181,0.000098978446,0.00013995986,0.00026946707,0.00014644925,0.00031593197,0.0003029235,0.000011148046],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015262634,0.0027404004,0.7320272,0.000041959855,0.00008857592,0.0000015337989,0.000676864,0.0014919859,0.12638757,0.08402453,0.00007951143,0.052424602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002323345,0.0008649374,0.4527689,0.00023013039,0.0000750102,0.0000022099362,0.0014694249,0.01925536,0.46595535,0.04446928,0.011571381,0.0010146823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022775383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004438537,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33956778,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010609868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029165722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59766173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2626731407","doi":"10.1364/isa.2017.iw3e.2","title":"Modeling Light Emission Within Translucent Volumes in an Optical Design Software","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Zemax; Computer science; Software; Volume (thermodynamics); Optical engineering; Software engineering; Optics; Operating system; Physics","score_opus":0.039277299380995286,"score_gpt":0.2952929948158069,"score_spread":0.2560156954348116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2626731407","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33631843,0.000006776288,0.66237736,0.00042268797,0.000037338552,0.00009529416,6.019092e-7,0.00013038749,0.0006111326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7112074,5.0848803e-7,0.28865674,0.000008080063,0.000029088329,0.0000040849145,0.0000015973899,0.000011490984,0.000081020946],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991768,0.000014689946,0.00018423806,0.00026639356,0.00010506972,0.00025279608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993315,0.000024896746,0.00003570923,0.00049431133,0.00003305453,0.00008056645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009844036,0.00013158923,0.0001634428,0.00003079064,0.00021697048,0.00011332803,0.0003091146,0.000071230286,0.000031693115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056032928,0.00010434621,0.00003667198,0.000028476603,0.00006330935,0.00032511892,0.00007645594,0.00021235792,0.000010260145],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019667631,0.0007381275,0.051165327,0.000016816062,0.000040431285,0.000036424597,0.0007085148,0.2738801,0.028867709,0.120436735,0.00009322989,0.5238199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040801708,0.00007003665,0.00035256584,0.00006258294,0.000008693809,4.5893123e-7,0.0003019725,0.84550786,0.063841924,0.08916297,0.000023316783,0.00025959118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055038887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012306996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5716278,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020495845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022308855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4255115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2722177575","doi":"10.1080/15599612.2017.1342884","title":"Micromirror-based real image laser automotive head-up display","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Optomechatronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Head-up display; Computer science; Digital micromirror device; Automotive industry; Laser; Fidelity; Lens (geology); Computer vision; Head (geology); Augmented reality; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.014349866198761736,"score_gpt":0.3476073232234761,"score_spread":0.3332574570247144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2722177575","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9357809,0.000017919805,0.05520837,0.0040928903,0.0018756068,0.000081469916,0.00007496702,0.000043147837,0.002824733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95110846,0.000011930614,0.04826816,0.000046629902,0.00033703132,0.0000014753917,0.000009151094,0.00002066645,0.00019650126],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987932,0.000019251333,0.00037443714,0.00015987043,0.0004086306,0.00024463926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979608,0.000092819006,0.00076016644,0.00034290177,0.0007627118,0.000080604186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018698315,0.0001655846,0.00023770504,0.000120041936,0.00016464975,0.00025415103,0.0011164267,0.0000518515,0.00010103076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001331323,0.00014220219,0.0002240776,0.00002992607,0.00019840596,0.0005335523,0.00020510536,0.0004175775,0.00003403504],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026840954,0.0027157571,0.12147989,0.000040245726,0.0044397027,0.0011536618,0.0007272932,0.006270939,0.13443178,0.42451832,0.0073314086,0.29420692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017118694,0.0010127514,0.05704472,0.00096792064,0.0003639286,0.00016965716,0.0012701253,0.024196263,0.63519186,0.22922444,0.03152768,0.0019119661],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050781837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048773622,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5007601,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017270308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014262402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5798837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2730419140","doi":"","title":"Precision of imaging algorithm based on ToF estimation of guided waves : experimental assessment","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Algorithm; Estimation; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.017857380504035007,"score_gpt":0.2968368759003835,"score_spread":0.2789794953963485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2730419140","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0756383,0.00010737292,0.9003975,0.001035494,0.000110714784,0.00039158118,0.00009090147,0.00011874012,0.022109423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.58686584,0.0000025976774,0.4127419,0.000004683563,0.00000568785,0.000016492857,0.00022729536,0.000016723836,0.0001187487],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974195,0.00092309946,0.0005617777,0.00045421734,0.00044977333,0.00019164442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995748,0.0007509017,0.00069638423,0.0014489671,0.0012851651,0.00007062401],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016404978,0.00024954503,0.0003934747,0.00016070661,0.000083939536,0.00006561546,0.00059234153,0.00010255412,0.000059724047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037579268,0.0002508566,0.00015388698,0.00017883838,0.00025437438,0.00009032346,0.0008344119,0.00034998663,0.0000029181329],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024761392,0.0023952953,0.0021724757,0.0001045364,0.00009017321,0.0000015919835,0.0017642973,0.035447285,0.016022155,0.09588542,0.0006960643,0.8453959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035844068,9.753176e-7,0.00037113228,0.0010037301,0.000018348697,2.3163457e-7,0.00015139572,0.5922874,0.38716692,0.01837308,0.00010029958,0.00016802608],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034221343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037495406,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8452279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001327621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020752827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2738545246","doi":"10.1145/3072959.3073686","title":"Epipolar time-of-flight imaging","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Advanced Research Projects Agency; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; University of Toronto; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Epipolar geometry; Artificial intelligence; Specular reflection; Computer vision; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Robotics; Optics; Computer graphics (images); Physics; Image (mathematics); Robot","score_opus":0.014144099845870712,"score_gpt":0.27095380543802444,"score_spread":0.2568097055921537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2738545246","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.089681044,0.000046376437,0.8993378,0.0044711907,0.00026916692,0.0001789916,0.00007208129,0.00026014505,0.0056831995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98100847,0.00000962711,0.018780524,0.000030371511,0.000022030676,0.00000436953,0.0000023520845,0.000015035912,0.00012719896],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994049,0.000009464967,0.00013512463,0.00017082214,0.000104991566,0.00017466153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985593,0.00009721783,0.00010025271,0.0011549369,0.00005197198,0.000036330235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000051897518,0.00011219319,0.00013977665,0.00008545307,0.0004802375,0.000039674844,0.00048502523,0.00003861441,0.00009435318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028544599,0.000105607854,0.00012124661,0.00008395767,0.0003129466,0.00017404281,0.000014148984,0.00025349803,0.000040898718],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055736313,0.0006504843,0.029051123,0.000019195611,0.00031353862,0.0000088961315,0.00017051483,0.00048803695,0.01295438,0.15625878,0.0002817545,0.7997476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009483292,0.000114320006,0.011397665,0.00012682629,0.00016716792,0.00000324718,0.0001845872,0.003113102,0.22755541,0.7460598,0.009685098,0.0006444985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047921378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024690382,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89132744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006637179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010893765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4306563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2754122151","doi":"10.1364/fio.2017.fm4c.4","title":"High Resolution Imaging with a Moving Coded Aperture","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Computer science; Coded aperture; Adaptive optics; World Wide Web; Information retrieval; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.008271996522627873,"score_gpt":0.23846293692230686,"score_spread":0.230190940399679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2754122151","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17213753,0.00001654863,0.7397217,0.0075724195,0.000082822786,0.0001597783,0.0000065637546,0.0005081797,0.07979441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88898885,2.2971784e-7,0.11030639,0.000046752113,0.000047060323,0.0000025224847,0.0000031154739,0.000008220103,0.00059688324],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995676,0.0000033772742,0.000055405028,0.00014662796,0.000062657906,0.00016431701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994479,0.00003188242,0.000058838534,0.0004092833,0.000029836165,0.000022303255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022369331,0.00007797532,0.000082939674,0.000013215262,0.00033603038,0.0000976194,0.00015527639,0.000016078882,0.000041728745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003171042,0.000053904587,0.000017934659,0.000018672177,0.0001245081,0.00019262046,0.000102181424,0.00010852889,0.000018885774],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031415257,0.0000388262,0.046150345,0.0000028939023,0.000031359676,0.000009132244,0.000021805834,0.00030517537,0.0067984546,0.86682737,0.0006818185,0.07910142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004873154,0.00021489648,0.10637425,0.00041224845,0.00012430082,0.000016522272,0.0017785399,0.14182305,0.082527734,0.62181073,0.037878532,0.0021660214],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026479719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009348875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7168513,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012740195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000072146754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25845078},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2757337418","doi":"10.1109/trpms.2017.2757444","title":"Low Power and Small Area, 6.9 ps RMS Time-to-Digital Converter for 3-D Digital SiPM","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Silicon photomultiplier; CMOS; Time-to-digital converter; Vernier scale; Electrical engineering; Physics; Electronic engineering; Digital electronics; Electronic circuit; Computer science; Detector; Engineering; Scintillator; Optics; Clock signal","score_opus":0.016104998973195218,"score_gpt":0.2526639191279265,"score_spread":0.2365589201547313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2757337418","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5406448,0.000003295322,0.4505389,0.005219327,0.00024791984,0.00022574572,0.0001317753,0.00007009094,0.002918125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984261,0.0000030693195,0.0008658303,0.00009997709,0.00003018875,0.0000116915035,0.0000030584742,0.0000049403234,0.00055516366],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992102,0.000004478565,0.0001253161,0.00026428397,0.00019320715,0.0002025589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993166,0.000290619,0.000051018807,0.00012047803,0.00001944124,0.00020184508],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008437969,0.00010795683,0.00012501374,0.00005444754,0.0005943979,0.00046914464,0.00017472351,0.00006456253,0.00022758027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006720393,0.00008258173,0.00003892646,0.000056574132,0.00058793614,0.00040120343,0.000004521934,0.00010991375,0.00004564876],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023652463,0.00007805443,0.0005795239,0.0000029644507,0.00001640869,9.672178e-7,0.00006688757,0.00013964446,0.000046520465,0.00084152224,0.00019654332,0.9980073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009522302,0.004684871,0.008485841,0.0005944074,0.00014235551,0.000059001773,0.0016526541,0.80473506,0.037308156,0.05644491,0.07347575,0.0028946865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000065157274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037847794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9951126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008845691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003722314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4571688},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765914639","doi":"","title":"Low-Rate Injection and Stimulated Zone Geometry","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"51st U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Geometry; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.010547542273527865,"score_gpt":0.23829062829501135,"score_spread":0.2277430860214835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765914639","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13603,0.00007321025,0.859177,0.00080836617,0.0015075316,0.0006260498,0.000089837544,0.0007035085,0.0009844896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99566936,0.00006983881,0.0029528597,0.00009704167,0.00028785443,0.000036891324,0.000053358446,0.00011672993,0.00071603106],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997093,0.0000604664,0.00054972444,0.0010164799,0.00033845054,0.0009418733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970878,0.00012227605,0.00056887144,0.0016494169,0.0002995738,0.0002721121],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038522732,0.0006094019,0.00063855853,0.00027126455,0.0015352286,0.00045567862,0.00081925007,0.00037015235,0.00012768443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015163928,0.0006228414,0.00016751193,0.00031396013,0.000035815414,0.000694005,0.0012264578,0.00073984393,0.00017947135],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020100483,0.0005286772,0.00042902507,0.00010755381,0.0004135548,0.00004450634,0.00015431874,0.019748503,0.3409928,0.6075994,0.00034188674,0.029438771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002437406,0.0007259162,0.000075285796,0.00024183087,0.0002219909,0.00003168957,0.00039315174,0.42871764,0.1609566,0.40228814,0.0022584086,0.0016519214],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001634638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017562314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8596394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000120419965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766145998","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.13668","title":"Development and Validation of a Virtual Examination Tool for Firearm Forensics, ,","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Institute of Justice; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","keywords":"Virtual microscopy; Crime scene; False positive paradox; Computer science; Identification (biology); Cartridge; Poison control; Artificial intelligence; Materials science; Medicine; Psychology; Medical emergency; Pathology","score_opus":0.03682422133005608,"score_gpt":0.30557148995686667,"score_spread":0.2687472686268106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766145998","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9525279,0.000009072922,0.046772547,0.0001912715,0.00016425943,0.00006153698,0.0000016459538,0.000003497305,0.00026827937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8025439,0.0000011625968,0.19738257,0.0000028314005,0.000048420854,6.87743e-7,4.078163e-7,0.0000018318112,0.00001819204],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941224,0.000005613529,0.0002329316,0.0000776266,0.00017587258,0.00009571223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990784,0.000106543324,0.0005332289,0.00008281253,0.00018004664,0.00001895493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047685322,0.000054458465,0.00013091786,0.00005663761,0.00026795513,0.00006666237,0.00016554445,0.000018930217,0.0000022549816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002427966,0.00003958042,0.00003361891,0.00003693288,0.0004782594,0.00035444385,0.000048771777,0.00004325133,1.848354e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000102492795,0.000015340875,0.008794252,0.000003770861,0.000014302288,3.1260203e-7,0.00020516776,0.00006913655,0.0016638229,0.046694838,0.000050546714,0.94247824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090793066,0.00066756754,0.07351632,0.00017063326,0.00004127796,0.000008511097,0.0019157672,0.0015721706,0.7551143,0.16494094,0.00094878307,0.00019576077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000028244006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011364299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9422825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011328686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053769996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20609213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768107595","doi":"10.1109/pn.2017.8090596","title":"Lossless encoding compressed ultrafast photography: Capturing light-speed scattering dynamics in a snapshot","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Lossless compression; Optics; Photography; Computer science; Scattering; Snapshot (computer storage); High-speed photography; Computational photography; Light scattering; Computer vision; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Image processing; Data compression; Laser; Art; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.017304370508725322,"score_gpt":0.26485217851614445,"score_spread":0.24754780800741913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2768107595","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9317333,0.000005493987,0.010983224,0.0005115865,0.00012655009,0.00016991093,0.000008353429,0.00014665368,0.056314893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994178,0.0000015356285,0.0056585227,0.000016444434,0.00005632489,0.00000590241,0.0000135398905,0.000021377271,0.00004836228],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888456,0.000009971012,0.00023160578,0.00033500738,0.00011467481,0.00042420215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990746,0.000051938754,0.00013203353,0.0006532901,0.000030029889,0.00005812448],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006497877,0.00020633906,0.00026819526,0.00011930528,0.00031477836,0.00023115316,0.00051988446,0.00006079474,0.00008089441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018275945,0.00019289159,0.00008979131,0.000086733264,0.0001758561,0.00027600123,0.00025971085,0.0002961509,0.000009744993],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004636741,0.0002607857,0.6866729,0.00004287463,0.000112559006,0.00004848508,0.00033256417,0.0028246632,0.18715242,0.10191026,0.000032047912,0.020564057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025918162,0.00006278008,0.054130223,0.00061877957,0.00004318969,0.0000061393166,0.004709545,0.16396244,0.7326932,0.03919496,0.0003626397,0.0016242744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010470864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002947779,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63254267,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066962886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008619567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7865891},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768431869","doi":"10.1145/3130800.3130884","title":"DeepToF","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Korea Creative Content Agency; National Research Foundation of Korea; Gobierno de Aragón; European Commission","keywords":"Process (computing); Set (abstract data type); Convolution (computer science); Synthetic data; Convolutional neural network; Key (lock); Interference (communication); Basis (linear algebra); Encoder","score_opus":0.026129799884402078,"score_gpt":0.29340266806962406,"score_spread":0.267272868185222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2768431869","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0844319,0.0000073260567,0.9043044,0.0034861802,0.00025787018,0.0001081619,0.000025619742,0.00024721745,0.007131317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803707,0.000007557179,0.019339716,0.000056751353,0.000028075983,0.000008483478,0.0000015521266,0.000012005484,0.00017513843],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994983,0.000005632326,0.00008416328,0.0001602704,0.00008699323,0.00016465803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864054,0.000065344124,0.000051904924,0.0011720977,0.00003162647,0.000038511844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000029917153,0.00009588652,0.00009076914,0.000052030886,0.00070524664,0.00006416331,0.00045642455,0.000048505717,0.0000932322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022529252,0.000089076326,0.00009143487,0.00005900987,0.00022676405,0.00013579719,0.0000099217195,0.00026552906,0.000048855632],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025063118,0.0003188341,0.0073810825,0.000004363784,0.00014190539,0.0000042483607,0.000049798826,0.0004162319,0.0008485889,0.33043468,0.00018412109,0.6601911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005261105,0.00009693468,0.009616628,0.000028886563,0.000052504118,0.0000011474177,0.00012697316,0.0003246427,0.032611392,0.9471297,0.009145014,0.00034006964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000040543917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013263982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8959388,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000633074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000076047013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5424258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2771170877","doi":"10.1109/ipcon.2017.8116165","title":"On-the-fly real-time optical energy spectrum recognition system based on time-to-spectrum convolution","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Convolution (computer science); Spectrum (functional analysis); Computer science; Energy (signal processing); Spectral density; Optical fiber; Dispersion (optics); Optics; Identification (biology); Electronic engineering; Power (physics); Interference (communication); Physics; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications; Engineering","score_opus":0.01117540970957342,"score_gpt":0.2210366517084024,"score_spread":0.20986124199882897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2771170877","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08543104,0.0000012138577,0.117524914,0.020491464,0.00022799947,0.00052593654,0.000056233956,0.0011696657,0.77457154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919365,3.3183625e-7,0.0045940736,0.000161321,0.00020118267,0.000026116297,0.000030943957,0.000032433425,0.0030171152],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986676,0.00004234554,0.00021714071,0.0004166015,0.00022942545,0.00042691294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984107,0.0003450867,0.00013114256,0.0009666018,0.000040830986,0.00010563712],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014223195,0.00023496241,0.00024987638,0.000073607305,0.000522754,0.00015660777,0.00035467732,0.00009338005,0.0009678411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009172781,0.00017238443,0.00010505259,0.00007874559,0.00017201995,0.00009142199,0.00010432948,0.00019645946,0.0052958303],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017075852,0.00016006189,0.000034408404,0.000004618692,0.000039397913,0.0000087186545,0.0000032802284,0.00068211916,0.0038298573,0.97557384,0.0042773406,0.015215597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017818903,0.0017075802,0.001246536,0.00062148226,0.000101387064,0.000004945108,0.00010994481,0.2950019,0.3882594,0.30645448,0.0033088557,0.0014016207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001534371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003975362,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90650547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014691001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027412189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2777549679","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-15054-8","title":"Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science VI","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Springer series in chemical physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Laser; Physics; Materials science; Engineering physics; Optics","score_opus":0.007931867334298546,"score_gpt":0.24783958518567942,"score_spread":0.23990771785138088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2777549679","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65761083,0.00015837928,0.00096096494,0.0008232274,0.0017120377,0.0015213916,0.00013195882,0.00093661505,0.33614463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97446984,0.0000074382833,0.014011362,0.000041782267,0.00079039513,0.00006444633,0.000055655688,0.00012337141,0.010435685],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976944,0.000007408667,0.00041439183,0.00078864524,0.00036954868,0.00072562054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987224,0.00009181474,0.00017308265,0.00077585934,0.00013880928,0.000098052085],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012700113,0.00046472062,0.0005776735,0.00012188854,0.00005842638,0.00008339089,0.00084935717,0.00031631862,0.000029803208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005730321,0.00046335923,0.000112106274,0.00046386404,0.0032500583,0.0003779634,0.00076570857,0.002312267,0.00004224909],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029564803,0.0012717198,0.022622392,0.00033646304,0.000106704174,0.00014002806,0.00093476305,0.000108098015,0.08729294,0.6037308,0.0008819868,0.28227848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046247648,0.000047511774,0.00022140815,0.0005164854,0.000018679599,0.0000020930079,0.00008806634,0.00011168312,0.452663,0.5366171,0.008202497,0.001048993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008638348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006457128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36537006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027483384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028711522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2787883830","doi":"10.1109/nssmic.2017.8532703","title":"Potential of Novel Optical Fibers for Proton Therapy Dosimetry","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"BC Cancer Agency; TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Proton therapy; Optical fiber; Proton; Dosimetry; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Optics; Physics; Medicine; Nuclear medicine; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.025501429253741836,"score_gpt":0.31282821559909885,"score_spread":0.287326786345357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2787883830","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39828375,0.0000035780934,0.5929568,0.0004432169,0.000068346155,0.00056354207,0.00001140963,0.000056011355,0.007613368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83051836,5.652983e-7,0.16918348,0.000008676145,0.000053829477,0.000023165827,0.0000021923174,0.000008024515,0.00020167771],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953973,0.0000013697755,0.00010688751,0.00013462963,0.000065361426,0.00015202662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994542,0.00003520981,0.00007944188,0.00036604452,0.000041761035,0.000023368953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000037901526,0.00007631639,0.00012583182,0.000015582575,0.00012248757,0.00003235828,0.00021975208,0.00003986027,0.00003455547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002792147,0.000057449575,0.00007933365,0.000015407086,0.00018899744,0.000084218176,0.0000739715,0.00006153104,0.0000020925506],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016485079,0.00045623025,0.0055625597,0.000013961922,0.000107408145,3.4984046e-7,0.000011702005,0.000127353,0.1769903,0.51503724,0.00013557427,0.3013925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001495649,0.00015549768,0.0024066777,0.00001123787,0.000009913488,2.2931044e-7,0.000053647644,0.0031386137,0.96222556,0.029153032,0.0012097623,0.00014017372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020864725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.6945503e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7852353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004489355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009990531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23427257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801417207","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2018.8351608","title":"Direct Time-of-Flight TCSPC Analytical Modeling Including Dead-Time Effects","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Time of flight; Dead time; Computer science; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.017482576732301344,"score_gpt":0.2803941180917162,"score_spread":0.26291154135941486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2801417207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.564202,0.00001382184,0.30980757,0.00015882678,0.000058338617,0.00014826436,0.000002770537,0.00038016235,0.12522823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94800526,3.2804306e-7,0.050937343,0.000020515597,0.00014707317,0.0000023202408,0.000003533092,0.000018632569,0.000865006],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990506,0.000021086196,0.00021410699,0.00026388137,0.00013747302,0.00031282209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925256,0.000232367,0.000049815906,0.0003118798,0.00009252208,0.000060855902],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009292549,0.00015765343,0.00030451576,0.00007101112,0.000106173524,0.00002019625,0.00017993126,0.000063352876,0.00029681288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000086406886,0.00012607856,0.00009119809,0.0002382955,0.00017436959,0.0001012152,0.0002429961,0.00011778806,0.0005184103],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019439885,0.0008136129,0.012649674,0.000083179984,0.0010794869,0.000019852458,0.00040558344,0.00992188,0.3760902,0.41751367,0.0035612292,0.17766722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020117073,0.00009457813,0.000031379757,0.000051090272,0.00004615591,3.8326158e-7,0.0000172571,0.7211117,0.25741366,0.020607157,0.00021711685,0.0002083213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002505794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.1072294e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71118987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024080118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014275159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66632885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801477424","doi":"10.1117/12.2304952","title":"Evaluation of OSUS at TTCP CUE 2017","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Interoperability; Event (particle physics); Interface (matter); Suite; Computer science; Architecture; Workstation; Ground station; Embedded system; Telecommunications; Systems engineering; Engineering; World Wide Web; Operating system; Satellite","score_opus":0.052579795924485404,"score_gpt":0.3432763980125973,"score_spread":0.2906966020881119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2801477424","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64411414,0.000011758693,0.018036429,0.00024436653,0.00008643268,0.00010052742,0.0000025866902,0.00006888903,0.33733487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98648643,1.553482e-7,0.012911306,0.000008329128,0.00006427247,0.000002126924,0.0000022815839,0.0000035109942,0.0005215552],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995589,0.000012614515,0.00007917601,0.00008967762,0.00017255014,0.00008704393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994876,0.000022316348,0.000040596,0.00019830126,0.00023809134,0.000013091757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014230116,0.000043786575,0.00006249714,0.000015470996,0.000040423012,0.0000034189413,0.00006454,0.000019606323,0.000770629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003403392,0.00003489702,0.000021760743,0.00004927056,0.00012950462,0.000037649155,0.00007100233,0.000027453167,0.00015669155],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017949362,0.00010257958,0.0076165125,0.0000023749908,0.00007561407,1.9599123e-7,0.00008011417,0.000117961004,0.030274104,0.41820106,0.00903457,0.53447694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000524053,0.00010100566,0.0038289246,0.00001088368,0.00006581005,3.8687944e-7,0.00014274189,0.014370205,0.5190393,0.45740482,0.004371879,0.00014000732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020880736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000065823497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5343369,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023622697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013398796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8437847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2806148693","doi":"","title":"University of Florida 2016 Slot Filler Validation system.","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theory and applications of categories","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Filler (materials); Computer science; Environmental science; Composite material; Materials science","score_opus":0.005262039136844689,"score_gpt":0.20601272437665588,"score_spread":0.20075068523981118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2806148693","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15475312,0.000050182527,0.8348756,0.00011840036,0.00001522429,0.00014277278,0.000045101824,0.00006393549,0.009935673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99784464,0.000010813795,0.001502254,5.7077284e-7,0.000020590534,0.0000030303736,0.0000045966535,0.0000033612753,0.00061015686],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999719,0.00001947712,0.00008290861,0.00008588702,0.000035421635,0.00005727915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994784,0.00017376328,0.00008235272,0.00018504824,0.00006573611,0.000014702182],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008870223,0.000047955356,0.00009428038,0.000023700271,0.000063372805,0.000002287107,0.00008459545,0.000021453867,0.000039215363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007129764,0.000034807636,0.00001982013,0.00007182932,0.00033280824,0.000073956304,0.000043346623,0.000020610867,0.0000088450415],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002027513,0.000009714492,0.0004010163,0.000010500982,0.000013247133,1.9904425e-8,0.000032457207,0.000003676525,0.0060064234,0.95724535,0.000021923066,0.036235414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022474979,0.000020756937,0.0004789963,0.00003500125,0.000032053806,2.9685543e-7,0.002647524,0.000005714961,0.17446479,0.81731004,0.004693369,0.00008669653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014307148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.8253331e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8430915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000059358877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011046565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14194143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2808393727","doi":"10.18429/jacow-ipac2010-wepd005","title":"Insertion Device Development at the Canadian Lightsource","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JACOW","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Chicken Farmers of Saskatchewan (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Business","score_opus":0.009125417315275334,"score_gpt":0.2275256908148663,"score_spread":0.21840027349959096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2808393727","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763009,0.0000052275714,0.0009786459,0.0030516714,0.00013267361,0.00008199203,0.0000016219401,0.000064524815,0.019382747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98908895,7.156757e-8,0.009302965,0.00015203324,0.00007194743,0.0000074818126,0.0000073103192,0.0000072576213,0.0013619768],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999563,0.000005210758,0.000071814226,0.000106033986,0.000067099914,0.00018684368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996601,0.000029920475,0.000025004256,0.00019676863,0.000028107821,0.000060139988],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047870737,0.000066478904,0.000048412363,0.000020298477,0.00038280155,0.000028814,0.00012538586,0.000040892555,0.00017881258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014842318,0.000043560794,0.000017343677,0.000076150565,0.00006110474,0.000033348122,0.00005713444,0.0002002149,0.0003390974],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013580049,0.00007418576,0.07945519,0.000005748129,0.00008939129,0.000007215159,0.0011396366,0.0002764846,0.044433787,0.19848737,0.007068101,0.6689493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009021814,0.000005463224,0.03185188,0.0000050674603,0.0000054166826,0.000001149469,0.00007885493,0.00010571789,0.07743709,0.008467967,0.88180506,0.00014610575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0119265355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.27695584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87473696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007376653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071178896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946531},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884059540","doi":"10.1038/s41377-018-0044-7","title":"Single-shot real-time femtosecond imaging of temporal focusing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Light Science & Applications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Cancer Institute; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health; East China Normal University; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Femtosecond; Optics; Laser; Time domain; Femtosecond pulse shaping; Wavefront; Physics; Computer science; Computer vision","score_opus":0.015386701328712405,"score_gpt":0.2811576249538747,"score_spread":0.2657709236251623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884059540","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50468385,0.000015953372,0.27663586,0.002298664,0.00007670491,0.00053660484,0.000023560093,0.00038799114,0.2153408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91414905,1.2127867e-7,0.08562647,0.000017527533,0.00010067862,0.000018832701,0.0000036004515,0.000007873375,0.00007583661],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990506,0.0000049847145,0.00018933119,0.000315435,0.00016670808,0.00027289646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910045,0.0000394404,0.0001272878,0.00049111,0.00018244305,0.000059273316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011971126,0.000092978415,0.00011491289,0.00010875644,0.00036978876,0.000055488854,0.0004068106,0.00001692617,0.00008057176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001401826,0.00008530628,0.000033561024,0.0008571959,0.0015279135,0.00024323094,0.000125305,0.00006412452,0.00007659629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013614342,0.00007568837,0.005458336,0.0000014803027,0.000002016816,8.39651e-8,0.000050269307,0.000010091104,0.89671516,0.073944174,0.00006236886,0.02367896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009166821,0.000030201101,0.0010617657,0.00001669621,0.000008800969,6.48472e-7,0.0001268603,0.0018526017,0.92314714,0.06573417,0.0077675097,0.00016195634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036769616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017525384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4094652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033681517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071254624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56296605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884400032","doi":"10.1117/12.2313022","title":"Ultraviolet sensitivity of a teledyne-e2v EMCCD","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Space Agency; Honeywell (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Sensitivity (control systems); Ultraviolet; Optics; Physics; Engineering; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.008120420835183889,"score_gpt":0.2566937829524847,"score_spread":0.2485733621173008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884400032","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7586133,0.0000016659143,0.2041663,0.00016816336,0.00004608859,0.00006110524,0.000008922295,0.00013018474,0.03680428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9635392,1.9407007e-7,0.03605786,0.00002329723,0.000089329944,8.196245e-7,0.0000021107655,0.000006662671,0.00028052393],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995173,0.000015750184,0.00010796424,0.00013319761,0.000066850385,0.00015892205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995263,0.000092626404,0.000042195355,0.00022965143,0.0000840696,0.000025126954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000068487905,0.000077389086,0.00013094196,0.000022180853,0.000037914593,0.00000591757,0.000055752098,0.000029516039,0.00016556706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032891763,0.000062243584,0.000041435724,0.00010819465,0.0002833367,0.00004697323,0.00005493293,0.00007411278,0.00007354082],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027701522,0.00021923013,0.05238722,0.0000056947956,0.00006622803,0.0000035492128,0.00008841138,0.000019925255,0.2187829,0.48925802,0.0012751368,0.237866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024620967,0.00011452383,0.008654499,0.00001998952,0.00001388633,0.0000017081969,0.0003068302,0.0013039872,0.9146347,0.072381355,0.0021227133,0.00019959186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001348204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012220977,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6958518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000056838676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007748539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25382197},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885612331","doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-11279-6","title":"Passive optical time-of-flight for non line-of-sight localization","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Advanced Research Projects Agency; Azrieli Foundation; Israel Science Foundation; European Commission; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Ranging; Ultrashort pulse; Tracking (education); Detector; Optical imaging; Temporal resolution; Image resolution","score_opus":0.010342628500774376,"score_gpt":0.29194387941532685,"score_spread":0.28160125091455246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885612331","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07159872,0.0010686293,0.8696047,0.00927578,0.0003464786,0.0025224723,0.0002535862,0.00028164964,0.045047987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.892237,0.00000937729,0.107363835,0.000022676355,0.000021657586,0.000016958165,0.00014341944,0.000011969059,0.00017309884],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945307,0.00001639954,0.00021885947,0.00011829692,0.0000814673,0.000111923706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979512,0.0004960754,0.00014731774,0.001099854,0.00028362917,0.000021884489],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047552592,0.00008750077,0.00018845692,0.000051789324,0.000063916326,0.0000064645687,0.00054262654,0.00016258041,0.000028835077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000091019654,0.00007712167,0.000080437465,0.00021361584,0.00015386034,0.00006581384,0.0002108242,0.00032154817,0.000021459367],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025363359,0.00028314293,0.0038532822,0.000022808394,0.00008049414,3.9627704e-8,0.00010008308,0.0009007574,0.0166906,0.9613939,0.00096288236,0.01568665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017597446,0.00042115833,0.0022906975,0.00029421266,0.00020107397,8.08216e-7,0.0003850413,0.2088053,0.5674762,0.12912203,0.08859642,0.0006473102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000027672384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018032728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8322719,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001456895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027631222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31449306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889798257","doi":"","title":"Operational Volume Scan Strategies for ARM's Cloud Radars","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"34th Conference on Radar Meteorology (5-9 October 2009)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Cloud computing; Volume (thermodynamics); Computer science; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Geology; Operating system; Physics","score_opus":0.021437934921089495,"score_gpt":0.28212132904237797,"score_spread":0.2606833941212885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889798257","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33663267,0.00027499982,0.51549417,0.027627684,0.0015013255,0.0019200993,0.0004872789,0.0010474195,0.11501434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9462349,0.0000062900467,0.050966002,0.001087252,0.00032405794,0.000029431802,0.0001089044,0.000025027733,0.0012181691],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980401,0.00007124266,0.00038853084,0.00060650194,0.00022010828,0.0006735481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988769,0.0001561917,0.00014919635,0.00048838987,0.00020966906,0.00011964482],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001744625,0.00037701297,0.00047782465,0.00012123766,0.00026911133,0.00012499632,0.00041642756,0.0001953885,0.0007561822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051747113,0.00034388967,0.0001464586,0.00017026199,0.00034684406,0.00026053566,0.00004617382,0.000410427,0.00011710291],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012265367,0.00019621802,0.00029796682,0.000002413516,0.000056414163,0.0000040223667,0.000047795096,0.00024520993,0.0025025378,0.93961567,0.006188088,0.050720993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017476297,0.0017484054,0.0030020666,0.00003189808,0.00008217829,0.000007720286,0.0006014708,0.0033904645,0.00509715,0.92597824,0.057529587,0.000783204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000054223776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016580581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6096022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049538747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002576275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890015844","doi":"10.3390/instruments2040019","title":"Quenching Circuit and SPAD Integrated in CMOS 65 nm with 7.8 ps FWHM Single Photon Timing Resolution","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Instruments","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Jitter; Full width at half maximum; CMOS; Avalanche diode; Silicon photomultiplier; Single-photon avalanche diode; Physics; Voltage; Photonics; Optoelectronics; Propagation delay; Materials science; Optics; Electronic engineering; Avalanche photodiode; Detector; Breakdown voltage; Engineering; Scintillator","score_opus":0.022418772018319964,"score_gpt":0.24291183644203393,"score_spread":0.22049306442371397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890015844","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860901,0.000008016549,0.008357735,0.00006324939,0.000059475802,0.00013884698,0.0000042738698,0.00009168203,0.00518661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863408,7.5620574e-7,0.013520811,0.000024313737,0.000036396097,0.0000080250675,0.000008923991,0.00001414616,0.000045781053],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922496,0.00001753772,0.00015010135,0.00024610123,0.000100869824,0.00026042585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996762,0.000018578987,0.000069527516,0.00016520522,0.000034599183,0.00003588117],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005412567,0.00013181212,0.00013449654,0.00007480382,0.0001044765,0.00004744949,0.00008394383,0.000048781545,0.000026532645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019494642,0.00011193895,0.000012924447,0.00020218888,0.00019628459,0.0002033943,0.00006916933,0.00018762927,0.00001311188],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012200439,0.0002895138,0.23115768,0.000014778916,0.00007790002,0.000011961886,0.00087754277,0.00006388081,0.061025973,0.02060203,0.000048951253,0.6857078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0067289774,0.002191682,0.044209827,0.002381755,0.000090957146,0.000036152353,0.0049505704,0.028993582,0.68506944,0.21308644,0.010268584,0.0019920259],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000634577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008532547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68371576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000088544846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017383554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45647377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890207322","doi":"10.1364/optica.5.001113","title":"Single-shot ultrafast optical imaging","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optica","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":212,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Cancer Institute; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Single shot; Shot (pellet); Optics; Materials science; Physics; Laser","score_opus":0.018161879072922178,"score_gpt":0.2644705658619996,"score_spread":0.24630868678907739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890207322","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37358177,0.000012768082,0.091541074,0.0018365235,0.00028159944,0.00013968302,0.000007822085,0.00050596223,0.5320928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9246229,2.751571e-7,0.07464154,0.00007684473,0.00040118268,0.0000037354698,0.0000050417098,0.000022395512,0.00022611448],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898905,0.000008538514,0.00016356246,0.00028936085,0.00012832068,0.00042115911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933195,0.00009095163,0.00003684352,0.0003600856,0.000089079505,0.000091112066],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005053736,0.00015292193,0.00015236999,0.00003991519,0.00014001178,0.00007214153,0.00019740731,0.000034765533,0.00039590156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060265884,0.00013829763,0.00005859318,0.00016187936,0.00058475166,0.00013001464,0.00011701215,0.00017101743,0.00050386623],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033826087,0.00033922153,0.008667115,0.0000041384,0.000052248895,0.0000170628,0.00010413459,0.000016978767,0.1978131,0.56028235,0.0008592035,0.2318106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008433138,0.00034162824,0.0021515726,0.000078003955,0.00007264648,0.000020751177,0.00090773834,0.0040646726,0.8664889,0.079928756,0.044165686,0.0009363309],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000058533947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.6969085e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6686758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025328894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013721793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64763486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890617808","doi":"10.1109/aim.2018.8452260","title":"Modeling and Optimizing the Coverage Performance of the LIDAR Sensor Network","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Neptec Design Group (Canada); University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; Measure (data warehouse); Computer science; Constraint (computer-aided design); Software deployment; Wireless sensor network; Remote sensing; Real-time computing; Engineering; Telecommunications; Data mining; Geography","score_opus":0.010714439083292232,"score_gpt":0.22248387599389788,"score_spread":0.21176943691060565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890617808","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87955415,0.000015193962,0.11362634,0.00030336977,0.000050317503,0.0000689499,6.839161e-7,0.000030193994,0.0063508255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9709984,0.000004733794,0.028696224,0.000049836817,0.00012496625,9.816482e-7,1.4702786e-7,0.000005474414,0.00011921864],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996255,0.000009027513,0.000087867804,0.00008529918,0.000054945987,0.0001373682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966305,0.000042097065,0.000029483113,0.00022102406,0.000034661083,0.000009670408],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055714347,0.000060473983,0.00007066262,0.0000043269315,0.00019997497,0.0000150546175,0.00011379395,0.000017547225,0.000014452996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000066189473,0.000029267327,0.000023355,0.000080097445,0.00019022646,0.00004781093,0.00016179544,0.000099509,0.0000025617635],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053068285,0.000037957914,0.036247667,0.000013102977,0.00009132531,2.1690906e-7,0.00044029276,0.6859206,0.0037121165,0.18922216,0.00022113988,0.08404035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011752101,0.00003963393,0.00040947658,0.00003507325,0.000012596285,7.195284e-7,0.00025805362,0.9728947,0.0129377,0.012872669,0.00033268216,0.00008915937],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016996677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010461466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2869741,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000035231494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005563089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1538066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895002940","doi":"10.1088/1612-202x/aae198","title":"Compressed ultrafast photography by multi-encoding imaging","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser Physics Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Streak; Ultrashort pulse; Streak camera; Computer science; Computational photography; Computer vision; Photography; Frame rate; Temporal resolution; Artificial intelligence; Image resolution; Encoding (memory); Image quality; Compressed sensing; Dynamic imaging; Frame (networking); Iterative reconstruction; Optics; Computer graphics (images); Image (mathematics); Image processing; Physics; Telecommunications; Digital image processing; Laser","score_opus":0.009834771593534476,"score_gpt":0.23874179135176601,"score_spread":0.22890701975823155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2895002940","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53713393,0.0000055015353,0.45975944,0.0008175088,0.00017990821,0.00013645593,0.00004376221,0.00033210972,0.0015913735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984185,4.656364e-7,0.014226404,0.0011214092,0.00035646185,0.000010949338,0.000038425253,0.000036403366,0.000024529167],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998886,0.000019940911,0.00016179927,0.000353667,0.00014284495,0.0004357401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993625,0.00006755899,0.00008938969,0.00036747023,0.00004954562,0.00006350209],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000032842712,0.00022493392,0.00018984021,0.000035154873,0.00021044881,0.000076893484,0.00026059028,0.000021890859,0.00003838574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004571453,0.00022216396,0.00011079043,0.00026881706,0.0004469442,0.00023596385,0.00008887976,0.00022903105,0.00008300463],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010459905,0.0001588885,0.02825535,0.0000050757203,0.00006973356,0.000003004388,0.00014517723,0.00017164114,0.9504516,0.002100019,0.007840646,0.010788399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076985103,0.000018610217,0.00048761704,0.00003896002,0.000028403407,4.3172358e-7,0.00017573468,0.006296347,0.98389906,0.0031159446,0.004696344,0.00047268847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007728514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.339888e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44705102,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017432669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000048079196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90595835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896036622","doi":"10.1117/12.2501752","title":"A dual-frequency coherent noise lidar for robust range-Doppler measurements","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Waveform; Noise (video); Lidar; Phase noise; Laser linewidth; Doppler effect; Acoustics; Noise floor; Computer science; Physics; Optics; Noise measurement; Laser; Electronic engineering; Telecommunications; Noise reduction; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Radar","score_opus":0.058923777353672185,"score_gpt":0.28780333384815526,"score_spread":0.22887955649448308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896036622","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14644212,0.00002797462,0.79185134,0.00176915,0.00039595267,0.0009914229,0.00003789344,0.0005823944,0.057901777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76712537,3.7916416e-7,0.23173274,0.000074844706,0.000285937,0.000052742835,0.000009404107,0.000021622085,0.00069698284],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907213,0.000009283302,0.0001768772,0.0002626609,0.0001460352,0.00033299066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931675,0.000043016607,0.00005682728,0.000321246,0.00020325184,0.000058900998],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007883252,0.0001545847,0.00016327565,0.00003232173,0.00012900439,0.000033660282,0.00013493713,0.000045458826,0.00054175075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040103107,0.00012385673,0.00007809326,0.00010234077,0.00014671394,0.0000929455,0.00006898475,0.00007959461,0.00015954982],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002911311,0.0014649346,0.22429168,0.00006155834,0.0006421527,0.0000048973475,0.0003295774,0.00024107748,0.08655563,0.35837623,0.074273154,0.25346795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008478366,0.0016603356,0.011195565,0.00021302333,0.0003057155,0.000005626213,0.0009151011,0.007921657,0.421971,0.48672011,0.058139745,0.002473764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000074193245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030168916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62068325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035202578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002060522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5931791},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2906456935","doi":"10.1109/biocas.2018.8584696","title":"Miniaturized Probe for Time-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Miniaturization; Optoelectronics; Optics; Laser; Time domain; Materials science; Detector; Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; Diode; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Photonics; Physics; Computer science; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.007622772000415317,"score_gpt":0.2601183371716069,"score_spread":0.25249556517119154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2906456935","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09770994,0.000005806341,0.7842877,0.0011678414,0.00014225581,0.0007219695,0.000024423753,0.00061676523,0.115323305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07916324,8.312364e-8,0.91280794,0.00007691794,0.00027445157,0.000026909538,0.000014560895,0.000020953963,0.007614953],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992445,0.0000073177707,0.00013365185,0.00022953349,0.00006706831,0.00031792177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994887,0.00007584133,0.000046299927,0.00028165296,0.00006508872,0.000042406864],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049986724,0.00012572539,0.00016366421,0.000018751429,0.00014960779,0.000052776013,0.00014632414,0.000046401823,0.0006172737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026107973,0.000101849415,0.00007036275,0.000103512335,0.00023749458,0.00007121313,0.000067936024,0.00007490003,0.00034848021],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030226065,0.00023946367,0.0007289506,0.000009819703,0.00013213942,0.0000011888203,0.00018340706,0.0000018339675,0.42584136,0.4946008,0.06376609,0.014192669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008183901,0.00025350504,0.00008207023,0.000009041456,0.000011376002,3.2014873e-7,0.00006955734,0.0013401973,0.31187603,0.6130549,0.072270915,0.00021369703],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000046503524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.3777e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12852024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016937842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024732324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67587143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2920519816","doi":"10.1117/12.2508903","title":"Training a CNN to robustly segment the human body parts in range image sequences","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Segmentation; Structured light; Noise (video); Image segmentation; Projector; Image sensor; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.0304221334088551,"score_gpt":0.29132127766391924,"score_spread":0.26089914425506416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2920519816","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9495433,0.0000049949526,0.008148211,0.0017762311,0.000046884194,0.00035024475,0.0000025809393,0.000110694855,0.040016867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833018,1.9599808e-7,0.015771,0.00012500772,0.000036187805,0.00001940082,0.0000022533327,0.000008597064,0.0007355301],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992832,0.000017540628,0.00013688878,0.00019698097,0.0000977976,0.00026758737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960816,0.00007028535,0.000028454604,0.00024765055,0.000015765812,0.00002966891],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011104004,0.00010234207,0.00013556177,0.000031892712,0.000061831546,0.000044101867,0.00018602787,0.000021687725,0.0002960337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009657383,0.0000652696,0.00003666374,0.00013385448,0.0000597458,0.00009032554,0.00009708969,0.00014093265,0.000115755814],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002658177,0.00023071656,0.10065013,0.000015930464,0.00008731657,0.000020250674,0.0040612365,0.008014794,0.09942291,0.6765747,0.0012751998,0.10962022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005027085,0.0011926537,0.11560584,0.0006014638,0.00009141955,0.0000067998803,0.07925772,0.013660497,0.16061619,0.5829026,0.0376815,0.003356232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002023434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028768223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10626399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002363073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001062819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32413614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943415794","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2019.8702587","title":"CMOS Optoelectronic Lock-in Amplifier with Semi-Digital Automatic Phase Alignment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Lock-in amplifier; Amplifier; Computer science; CMOS; Phase-locked loop; Bandwidth (computing); Chip; Electronic engineering; Phase detector; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Voltage; Telecommunications; Phase noise","score_opus":0.004252472508239398,"score_gpt":0.24035054770577788,"score_spread":0.23609807519753848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943415794","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.931439,0.000010668169,0.046027035,0.00018877069,0.000029763265,0.0003221235,0.0000060481266,0.00022236566,0.02175424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921639,3.2182228e-7,0.0061241384,0.000028773262,0.000015593665,0.000012836598,0.000014957891,0.000017478043,0.0016219781],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908084,0.000005273668,0.00015577614,0.00025422897,0.00012814952,0.00037571223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995324,0.000049799182,0.00004325554,0.00031778764,0.000015988564,0.000040792227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000028271746,0.00015157733,0.0001854995,0.000042008713,0.000021863787,0.000054615026,0.00012744288,0.00003187812,0.00047402168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034847394,0.00011098766,0.000034163433,0.00016045889,0.00004787248,0.00017872968,0.000059855316,0.00014693721,0.00030994817],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013051897,0.0019898568,0.07471054,0.000042775195,0.0002894192,0.000023747469,0.00017530458,0.004742576,0.009295376,0.36532885,0.0011650247,0.54210603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03224949,0.0066368114,0.0032951892,0.00090654654,0.00016072177,0.000040930983,0.006725498,0.24304135,0.2734555,0.3902025,0.03818292,0.005102521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015394058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019683835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53700346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006949935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032097596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5190205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943795341","doi":"10.1109/iscas.2019.8702586","title":"TDC Sharing in SPAD-Based Direct Time-of-Flight 3D Imaging Applications","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Monte Carlo method; Range (aeronautics); Frame rate; Image sensor; Image resolution; Frame (networking); Power (physics); Electronic engineering; Real-time computing; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.0045886622380396005,"score_gpt":0.23190024589554986,"score_spread":0.22731158365751025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943795341","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28890982,0.00005574342,0.26369977,0.0006789308,0.000049312894,0.00075209537,0.0000116155725,0.0004924018,0.44535032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9557492,1.3363046e-7,0.043542888,0.000019695728,0.000013853679,0.000014828317,0.000007571337,0.000010185403,0.0006416579],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945176,0.0000039632355,0.00013652934,0.00019504031,0.000056340556,0.0001563417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995253,0.000075441545,0.000042844782,0.00031788912,0.000021557324,0.000016947051],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004193804,0.0000778304,0.00013406629,0.00006144032,0.000019049978,0.000011488933,0.00014889524,0.00001706703,0.00030891754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048212873,0.000069779606,0.000033752567,0.00018552796,0.000037238224,0.00006264629,0.00007770783,0.000086980275,0.00022229465],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001098609,0.00021670488,0.7049011,0.000021290074,0.00002233008,9.140961e-7,0.00003132344,0.006376728,0.03674873,0.15237138,0.000109656496,0.09918884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017272679,0.000049100287,0.012148794,0.00020284703,0.000034193454,4.3274397e-7,0.00029181136,0.35007787,0.527842,0.0843657,0.022283763,0.00097623275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000060771083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013677438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6927523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017805556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010338137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33824307},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980046615","doi":"10.1109/cvpr.2019.00695","title":"Steady-State Non-Line-Of-Sight Imaging","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Non-line-of-sight propagation; Computer vision; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Line (geometry); Image sensor; Optics; Physics; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.006329483630267315,"score_gpt":0.24194331849165143,"score_spread":0.23561383486138412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2980046615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6970557,0.000011274453,0.16343732,0.00026589868,0.0000987409,0.00013411402,0.00000417784,0.0001320963,0.13886066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9736574,4.207726e-7,0.023552606,0.000019234103,0.000019087065,0.0000010979643,0.000002537059,0.000009521925,0.002738084],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995113,0.0000034620762,0.00012385657,0.00013479275,0.00006467325,0.00016191955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996163,0.000043783406,0.000046092424,0.00023728506,0.00003618337,0.000020331367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000026088888,0.00007892529,0.00012640072,0.000028461927,0.000016094164,0.000009760182,0.000107946486,0.000011157485,0.00027500413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035595965,0.00006215752,0.00004175772,0.0000837771,0.00004793088,0.000084659485,0.000084694955,0.00008650362,0.00022449181],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027903227,0.00016960457,0.24586405,0.000028101154,0.000082741484,0.0000041012418,0.0001747947,0.0034415312,0.08917866,0.2966459,0.00066182105,0.36372077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013154155,0.00010787316,0.004238664,0.000087951754,0.000023470337,0.0000011337646,0.0011731238,0.059296947,0.65496856,0.2675865,0.010529038,0.0006713212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038214017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.5105412e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5657899,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000062695267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008474159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30111024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985325174","doi":"10.1117/12.2542801","title":"A simple dual-frequency noise laser rangefinder","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Noise (video); Computer science; Dual (grammatical number); Acoustics; Electronic engineering; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.008402544114105692,"score_gpt":0.2396368362237667,"score_spread":0.231234292109661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2985325174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84791,0.0000067746437,0.008987761,0.00053526845,0.00007004034,0.00014296763,0.0000061518194,0.0002577301,0.14208335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98445004,4.064132e-7,0.012402516,0.00010784892,0.00004555146,0.000004601348,0.000009179593,0.000013331063,0.0029665283],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994029,0.0000063237876,0.00010169793,0.00018263518,0.000080574624,0.00022589708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999537,0.000051616807,0.000026728325,0.00032117488,0.000029112116,0.00003437779],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025888836,0.00010024178,0.00012056597,0.000024271116,0.000030592426,0.000018977362,0.00008459895,0.000035718826,0.0025995113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008480509,0.00007918433,0.00005123806,0.00010059621,0.000037958278,0.00010009754,0.000073696436,0.00011411992,0.0015420995],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013223968,0.00014324948,0.28362384,0.0000072453695,0.00006367036,0.0000052533105,0.00003922601,0.00031836424,0.015832925,0.67215955,0.003924458,0.023868954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015686029,0.000117937336,0.014412126,0.000017896029,0.0000258037,0.0000016909162,0.00051411026,0.001461437,0.06955072,0.8783661,0.03324859,0.0007149963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009743247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000045227416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26921174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011585175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000102837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99923533},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2989945495","doi":"10.1063/1.5140824","title":"Optical control of single-photon negative-feedback avalanche diode detector","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; European Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Detector; Photocurrent; Single-photon avalanche diode; Avalanche diode; Diode; Photodiode","score_opus":0.017338532510389627,"score_gpt":0.22935315207698523,"score_spread":0.2120146195665956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2989945495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67113835,0.000018879213,0.3219246,0.00029746274,0.00007798069,0.0001837628,0.000021047583,0.00004137736,0.006296539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9657776,0.0000012989043,0.033585288,0.00010258612,0.0005042301,0.0000016612604,0.0000010761563,0.000023627203,0.0000026641064],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988674,0.000011974009,0.00046698956,0.0001489493,0.00027547244,0.00022924233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998794,0.00023126368,0.0005230531,0.0001602982,0.00016294702,0.00012839523],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006173792,0.00018265983,0.00053310045,0.000021106516,0.000036534067,0.000021460368,0.00025822606,0.00005780387,0.00002804038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042553616,0.00015107304,0.0001926064,0.0002073152,0.00019449768,0.00010018928,0.00006264399,0.00044172312,0.000014292393],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00065622886,0.00034298128,0.00061463314,0.000027954075,0.00031311778,0.0000061535197,0.00033536053,0.012590463,0.8786035,0.06100817,0.00018261853,0.045318816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019117902,0.00036706615,0.00017664934,0.000035870115,0.00011494319,0.0000012074303,0.00034223616,0.004113856,0.9138807,0.07829392,0.0005555242,0.00020624486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001034298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.2247813e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29463923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028754454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040916228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.616058},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2994742208","doi":"10.1109/omn.2019.8925013","title":"1D LiDAR Based on Large Aperture FPCB Mirror","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Electromagnetic coil; Fabrication; Laser; Materials science; Flexible electronics; Focal point; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.00539319289748196,"score_gpt":0.23393367605517898,"score_spread":0.228540483157697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2994742208","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4542257,0.000011348856,0.07874594,0.006423317,0.00028787108,0.00050559884,0.000051618776,0.0009665609,0.45878205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96983594,8.44706e-8,0.026005505,0.0007863644,0.000020483983,0.0000031480147,0.000014628277,0.000013789646,0.0033200744],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939156,0.0000071859668,0.00007703126,0.00019584817,0.000094596566,0.00023378403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994525,0.00012836001,0.000023404382,0.00034271914,0.000020310345,0.00003271538],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000027568893,0.00010967835,0.000118279975,0.000026908117,0.000038616436,0.000017502885,0.000117601405,0.00005031692,0.0017087959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016848273,0.00008045012,0.00005915357,0.00008520871,0.00002101919,0.000043884043,0.000043586617,0.00016578939,0.0015433455],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059847855,0.00050304283,0.067849435,0.000012282604,0.000039603772,0.0000043885657,0.000023704582,0.00014214583,0.011819166,0.8983441,0.0030632005,0.018139057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003291742,0.000579654,0.010684605,0.000112630565,0.000026833482,4.7432925e-7,0.0006676401,0.06305951,0.0620815,0.05967291,0.7986478,0.0011747014],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011671165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001253916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8386712,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012153237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010052668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995744868","doi":"10.1109/omn.2019.8925110","title":"Electromagnetic FPCB micromirror scanning laser rangefinder","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Laser; Laser scanning; Lens (geology); Detector; Materials science; Refresh rate; Triangulation; Physics; Computer science; Computer vision","score_opus":0.005687156146747196,"score_gpt":0.22365482557719432,"score_spread":0.21796766943044713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995744868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9265145,0.000015280191,0.001724619,0.0004243498,0.00006370459,0.00013125781,0.0000013233965,0.00020191091,0.07092304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95417595,3.0960794e-7,0.03763605,0.000097601805,0.000031197837,0.000004062568,0.000004161176,0.000016171198,0.00803447],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932283,0.00000762364,0.000102009144,0.00020354695,0.00007109678,0.0002928853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962246,0.000043978067,0.000028781447,0.00024831365,0.000024609886,0.000031870568],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000284644,0.00011067778,0.00013112272,0.000032959728,0.000037541457,0.000025277526,0.00011997305,0.000036052345,0.0017079628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004779341,0.00009279157,0.000050871608,0.000111997906,0.000040476534,0.00007135062,0.000064300315,0.00014539242,0.0010079693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043429594,0.00015355925,0.05059659,0.000011859902,0.00009917089,0.0000040445425,0.000066699155,0.00011405815,0.7305273,0.17031826,0.0041398206,0.043925237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024930034,0.00039674452,0.019716991,0.000053783988,0.000048948023,0.0000048375764,0.00064679567,0.0016220721,0.83347756,0.11269212,0.02777558,0.001071553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036765672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013622621,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10295029,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014593825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011635556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99976987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997608763","doi":"10.1145/2766953","title":"Doppler time-of-flight imaging","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Deblurring; RGB color model; Optical flow; Pixel; Projector; Match moving; Tracking (education); Computer graphics (images); Motion (physics); Image processing; Image (mathematics); Image restoration","score_opus":0.022044977043763014,"score_gpt":0.26407546925170244,"score_spread":0.24203049220793943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2997608763","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.033848625,0.00004675051,0.9588356,0.0014958665,0.00017933853,0.0001307385,0.000036015186,0.00028387955,0.005143199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96507716,0.0000039821207,0.03464751,0.000056235247,0.000020754649,0.000005751911,0.0000048505412,0.000015380201,0.00016839842],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939287,0.000013115696,0.00014172452,0.0001533896,0.00013545471,0.00016345212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999248,0.00007899582,0.00004460753,0.0004815907,0.00008563891,0.000061159815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005726481,0.00010754566,0.00012679519,0.00011309283,0.00006873456,0.000011538714,0.0002100755,0.000035010184,0.000064443804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015426302,0.00009831879,0.00008588133,0.00032261884,0.00015391625,0.00009922869,0.000007770272,0.00021484788,0.000056865203],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024576238,0.002176986,0.023335867,0.000031224554,0.00066127063,0.000018130992,0.0016287352,0.008746925,0.010219071,0.31006712,0.008978327,0.63389057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012436248,0.00021180129,0.00044856203,0.000062502935,0.00012569403,0.0000067637684,0.000763993,0.004531041,0.0936253,0.88213885,0.016266325,0.0005755305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022244009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010553947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9312285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011341138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020630014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4009324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001481487","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2020.111862","title":"Dual-axis optical spatial heterodyning angle measurements using CMOS sensor color crosstalk","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors and Actuators A Physical","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optics; CMOS; Interferometry; CMOS sensor; Interference (communication); Physics; Image sensor; Optical axis; Crosstalk; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.037556099114990464,"score_gpt":0.27671909660256055,"score_spread":0.23916299748757008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3001481487","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97583073,0.000006740442,0.022762673,0.00051347265,0.0000741139,0.00023369935,0.0000395166,0.00019779753,0.00034126287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876755,5.158551e-7,0.011453213,0.00011867769,0.0006756841,0.000004495844,0.000010520863,0.000048447506,0.000012930581],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99820673,0.00004307936,0.00026762814,0.00058692443,0.0003431115,0.0005525182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991675,0.00012454586,0.00010673502,0.00022760432,0.000078168596,0.0002954264],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000052470386,0.00035450386,0.00048164505,0.000034111083,0.00027727452,0.0001289046,0.0001102406,0.000084112195,0.000030324256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000835233,0.0003119602,0.00015594753,0.00017920898,0.0003620032,0.00018185057,0.00022657384,0.00036830507,0.000032919335],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00066307513,0.001345078,0.024514169,0.00010243229,0.00071563676,0.00016666259,0.0032443614,0.005316934,0.7854663,0.020478968,0.00034495178,0.15764143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00446029,0.0013625841,0.0045712246,0.00016674022,0.00043124353,0.0000271003,0.0032078652,0.5548315,0.41250166,0.013487593,0.0022898805,0.0026622794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059062968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.5251846e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5495146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038497346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028378932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3002577990","doi":"10.1109/icce-berlin47944.2019.8966186","title":"Hybridization of structured light and Time-of-Flight sensing using maximum a posteriori Markov Random Fields","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Maximum a posteriori estimation; Computer science; Markov random field; Computer vision; Structured light; Pixel; Ranging; Hidden Markov model; A priori and a posteriori; Time of flight; Markov chain; Image resolution; Image (mathematics); Maximum likelihood; Optics; Image segmentation; Mathematics; Physics; Machine learning","score_opus":0.005119925112768386,"score_gpt":0.2193393770851907,"score_spread":0.21421945197242231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3002577990","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9226639,0.000019712425,0.0741326,0.00009396154,0.00006439572,0.00016626218,0.0000037467998,0.000033955002,0.0028214292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9371439,8.4157e-7,0.06271219,0.000009218105,0.000019434488,1.06016074e-7,0.0000035417643,0.000009554207,0.000101164],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994277,0.00001612615,0.00020515392,0.00014930336,0.0000790345,0.00012273298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953705,0.00006492768,0.0001197528,0.0001925028,0.00006583742,0.000019930818],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004046847,0.000101678204,0.0002506464,0.000049988616,0.000024829013,0.000012290559,0.000050229522,0.00005107609,0.00010553081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013512249,0.00008333775,0.000040598377,0.00010004031,0.000037913916,0.00008511863,0.000085355394,0.000068202084,0.000002410996],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019821092,0.000024473342,0.009836494,0.000050104933,0.00009075238,0.0000014718445,0.00017584905,0.0005987447,0.9285778,0.0049411617,0.000032980468,0.055471994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001608241,0.00008405628,0.000609392,0.000109164524,0.000048361264,0.000005702205,0.00021257797,0.029763673,0.93318874,0.034018222,0.00011600286,0.00023584857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030120891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.599976e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.055236146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000069171697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001192971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33984149},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003170743","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2020.163538","title":"Embedded time of arrival estimation for digital silicon photomultipliers with in-pixel TDCs","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Silicon photomultiplier; Pixel; Computer science; Silicon; Arrival time; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications; Engineering; Detector","score_opus":0.039931962408350535,"score_gpt":0.36099876832868216,"score_spread":0.32106680592033165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3003170743","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904692,0.0000068184877,0.00846413,0.00007365133,0.000035703637,0.0006292357,0.000028719558,0.000046770758,0.00024576462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9499406,0.000009954298,0.0499193,0.000015476266,0.00003227096,0.00003139688,0.000012956895,0.000032486212,0.000005523177],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983872,0.00012707766,0.00032985,0.00042247423,0.00028586094,0.00044753912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992858,0.0002398646,0.00015325965,0.00011752056,0.00008189826,0.0001216221],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041062594,0.00020369666,0.00038821733,0.00019730859,0.00015388959,0.00014031967,0.00011345711,0.00008893295,0.00001569274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015685389,0.00018399155,0.00005323702,0.00072701834,0.00020580534,0.00032962195,0.00014258552,0.00044651265,6.9980314e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006313503,0.00046557616,0.014953692,0.00007322977,0.0002641841,0.0000016278047,0.0023442174,0.0002385574,0.40887263,0.0012875376,0.000013548013,0.5708538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012886483,0.006887088,0.012881428,0.0005091431,0.00008431586,0.000002052049,0.009470845,0.30595282,0.59411836,0.0554363,0.00033869885,0.0014324884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037652244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019385839,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56942135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020043596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003094657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75029576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004135102","doi":"10.1177/0278364920979368","title":"Canadian Adverse Driving Conditions dataset","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":210,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Adverse weather; Lidar; Frame (networking); Ground truth; Scale (ratio); Tracking (education)","score_opus":0.08187123409436013,"score_gpt":0.39725463249071075,"score_spread":0.3153833983963506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3004135102","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18628207,0.00008966359,0.08891812,0.70945096,0.0012556954,0.00041020598,0.0015388803,0.000050351693,0.01200405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99455523,0.0000062104727,0.0046542156,0.00026989644,0.0004053453,5.3339517e-7,0.00005429641,0.000006992137,0.00004726481],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989609,0.000045420136,0.00018401012,0.000068606794,0.00054540084,0.00019566313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878967,0.00029940662,0.0000735291,0.00011659313,0.00055901054,0.00016181216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000326167,0.000050456954,0.00007729544,0.00011617041,0.00013496394,0.00006485691,0.00094323413,0.000018357012,0.0002512788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003387651,0.00003591664,0.000044285145,0.0001555998,0.0001501208,0.0001306034,0.00019654055,0.00060187397,0.000087559514],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000810285,0.00012452519,0.025552625,0.0000040890727,0.00077277713,0.00040336166,0.0006009171,0.2152025,0.0062392163,0.50656176,0.23314326,0.011313922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029215459,0.00069940736,0.008935661,0.00035365988,0.00012579406,0.00020126066,0.012543297,0.08429592,0.015003161,0.50008404,0.37401354,0.00082273403],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017088074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00057130633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8082732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012059844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025693534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2751327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005492995","doi":"10.1049/el.2019.4105","title":"22 μW, 5.1 ps LSB, 5.5 ps RMS jitter Vernier time‐to‐digital converter in CMOS 65 nm for single photon avalanche diode array","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electronics Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Jitter; Vernier scale; Time-to-digital converter; CMOS; Ring oscillator; Differential nonlinearity; Diode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Physics; Materials science; Detector; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Optics; Avalanche photodiode; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Clock signal","score_opus":0.00845835079840012,"score_gpt":0.20771101304507233,"score_spread":0.1992526622466722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005492995","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7981408,0.00006099686,0.16117889,0.036617745,0.00012248485,0.0010272621,0.00008267177,0.00037394566,0.0023951938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98745775,8.3835755e-7,0.0044376864,0.0074502286,0.00023832629,0.000060697304,0.00008370356,0.00007512423,0.00019563353],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99804807,0.000018673774,0.0002920063,0.0005592718,0.00018846332,0.00089349406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993072,0.00012388863,0.00008747517,0.00032700645,0.000032891796,0.00012153141],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006021414,0.00031520642,0.00036341674,0.00006428808,0.0000718284,0.00011971405,0.00033802056,0.00008875904,0.0001448157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048078677,0.00030966403,0.00015236881,0.00024960376,0.00008933356,0.00023554149,0.00009013291,0.0004836108,0.00052627746],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002566548,0.00021953696,0.0033592065,0.000026023255,0.00017844744,0.000012949886,0.00048804126,0.00064179616,0.938332,0.0014137267,0.030225635,0.024845984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032157607,0.0009848687,0.00020698436,0.0000804624,0.00007344515,0.0000048041134,0.00014688616,0.0071634483,0.63554287,0.0092290025,0.3417306,0.0016208686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000051331936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012664354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31150496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019583288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003930343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993557},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005715108","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2020.2973389","title":"Compact Optical Probe for Time-Resolved NIRS-Imaging","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Interface (matter); Optoelectronics; Photon counting; Optics; Laser; Diode; Computer science; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Diffuse optical imaging; Light-emitting diode; Materials science; Photon; Physics","score_opus":0.021869301201967825,"score_gpt":0.271088069038852,"score_spread":0.24921876783688418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005715108","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15629971,0.00004358509,0.81984735,0.01753232,0.00037385654,0.0004015264,0.000028884137,0.00032855113,0.0051442315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9290362,9.667344e-7,0.06937986,0.00022947957,0.0011538683,0.0000014234041,0.000003444931,0.000037097543,0.00015767632],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988461,0.00002377494,0.0002895155,0.00021862124,0.00017305741,0.0004489465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992199,0.00016416951,0.00012372971,0.00013674083,0.00011759109,0.00023786405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000095072566,0.00018624299,0.00027761393,0.000039181425,0.00021828686,0.00012662323,0.00020845057,0.00003936563,0.000111493384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009838243,0.00015793071,0.00018405226,0.000114865754,0.00012849957,0.00014794561,0.000028521712,0.00049363583,0.00012882137],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008460182,0.0005313383,0.010901166,0.000054522796,0.00069311674,0.00022793439,0.000993141,0.032293037,0.62995553,0.029751353,0.12667125,0.16708161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0063067605,0.00081239326,0.0008571742,0.00023523031,0.00030579267,0.00025990157,0.0014536428,0.34719893,0.42598945,0.109648444,0.10496056,0.0019717333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016796073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.4980024e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7727365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032168802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034323726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64402276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3017083716","doi":"10.1109/maes.2020.2966316","title":"Enhancing Classical Target Detection Performance Using Nonclassical Light","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ranging; Nonclassical light; Photon; Detection theory; Protocol (science); Scalability; Computer science; Covert; Physics; SIGNAL (programming language); Noise (video); Real-time computing; Optics; Detector; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.014222782172081595,"score_gpt":0.24412303255997556,"score_spread":0.22990025038789397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3017083716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5755663,0.0009316559,0.41889694,0.0014649609,0.0011901818,0.00069595646,0.000015680494,0.0005049228,0.0007334322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952944,0.00006456206,0.0025770671,0.000023120956,0.0014577251,0.000054175372,0.000018756285,0.000086260414,0.00042394036],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99713475,0.000075455995,0.0005214801,0.00096070714,0.00031821695,0.0009894016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985805,0.00007349765,0.00036110077,0.0007022922,0.000102353784,0.00018024017],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017632802,0.0005969682,0.0008704644,0.000090994734,0.00024811146,0.00020635921,0.00036539367,0.0004096506,0.0000090756475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003597933,0.000561176,0.00016001854,0.00025041946,0.00014343669,0.00017342377,0.00056542543,0.0020013931,0.00006330572],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025836212,0.000236939,0.0032285647,0.0010682569,0.000802843,0.00002874464,0.00031002052,0.030939655,0.9387908,0.009104571,0.0017416108,0.0134896245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013906147,0.00079958874,0.00029692214,0.0012432017,0.00039295104,0.00006502391,0.00026774328,0.5350136,0.42416865,0.012209171,0.021904737,0.0022477556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000058517777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021685553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51462215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036146617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002230261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3026194073","doi":"","title":"3DdSiPM - Digital Photon Counting Microsystem Based on 3D Integration: Architechture and Measurements on 1st Prototype","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Microsystem; Photon counting; Computer science; Photon; Physics; Materials science; Optics; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.022255076802013794,"score_gpt":0.24574840105529977,"score_spread":0.22349332425328597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3026194073","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24404238,0.00021748529,0.4281013,0.010732373,0.00047533607,0.0040172385,0.00046464993,0.0009836034,0.31096566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9610578,0.0000080683485,0.037093528,0.000034751833,0.000036834594,0.00010819227,0.00036066186,0.000043714394,0.0012564596],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99753195,0.0006032461,0.00034582455,0.0007423013,0.00046096247,0.00031569024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956199,0.0006838002,0.00054241816,0.0019940862,0.001059697,0.00010010094],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015827544,0.00036605273,0.0003455373,0.00013490352,0.0006370975,0.0011626789,0.000814902,0.00024744647,0.000021911032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011878518,0.00035281194,0.000118947275,0.00009104185,0.00031934606,0.00012495353,0.0006122649,0.0010051755,0.000017753071],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024000743,0.0021047841,0.03851718,0.0005102455,0.00027223903,0.000010019714,0.0027718116,0.0007263717,0.00640985,0.20268968,0.00039106325,0.74535674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005144275,0.000023606712,0.011895425,0.059916627,0.0002784519,0.000007822839,0.0007420841,0.12525031,0.6284959,0.109570086,0.054031257,0.00464418],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028876337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015789774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7407126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012497259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001756186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033833010","doi":"10.1109/crv50864.2020.00030","title":"Gradient-Based Auto-Exposure Control Applied to a Self-Driving Car","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Radiance; Compensation (psychology); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Key (lock); Range (aeronautics); Dynamic range; Image sensor; Real-time computing; Engineering; Remote sensing","score_opus":0.007047230743074415,"score_gpt":0.2090307243351623,"score_spread":0.20198349359208786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033833010","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1458237,0.000004076422,0.83386236,0.006409763,0.000045562185,0.00042816089,0.000009286093,0.0014978399,0.01191928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9101213,3.4936544e-8,0.08861211,0.0011156467,0.00008553674,0.000020903497,0.0000036393387,0.000017523915,0.000023294942],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991608,0.000008433433,0.0001473346,0.00028472918,0.000106607244,0.00029209722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949986,0.0000713591,0.000034696295,0.0002097619,0.000029696734,0.00015462092],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025546948,0.00014779347,0.00020493963,0.00002518538,0.000072005234,0.000032193482,0.00016844325,0.000037007572,0.00008357195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018917746,0.00012792699,0.00006149092,0.00019810293,0.000027780869,0.00003182224,0.000059772232,0.00014682933,0.00015843517],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010528314,0.0003163592,0.04907812,0.000026763968,0.00027608607,0.00001386821,0.0005782115,0.02406412,0.07604026,0.7676096,0.0036434766,0.07824785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01929615,0.0026992369,0.017986586,0.0001293055,0.00056316017,0.0000016296717,0.005479743,0.3868934,0.30982605,0.047732472,0.20411265,0.005279642],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009091956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001199834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7642976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002138365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002020181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5216712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036375344","doi":"","title":"LiCSAR: Tools for automated generation of Sentinel-1 frame interferograms","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Frame (networking); Remote sensing; Computer science; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Computer graphics (images); Telecommunications","score_opus":0.038475981411623034,"score_gpt":0.28780956095777427,"score_spread":0.24933357954615123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036375344","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97971857,0.000012348442,0.017349936,0.00040238915,0.00012096098,0.00018817838,0.000016951099,0.0005053584,0.0016852838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95929945,0.0000015563271,0.04039357,0.000016792545,0.00016468468,0.00001665051,0.000024030185,0.000021048949,0.00006221025],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999031,0.000012608896,0.000356814,0.00022595376,0.000098241195,0.00027537544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989173,0.00043248583,0.00023559178,0.0002319948,0.00014099754,0.0000416553],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001403354,0.00013757218,0.00018840385,0.00003673235,0.000058360594,0.000049415958,0.00012696421,0.000079866884,0.000002256407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004635931,0.00010098902,0.00008383066,0.000071821705,0.00008207195,0.00018099928,0.00005749544,0.00007897417,0.000018628176],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003786132,0.00024742418,0.029571148,0.000035359008,0.00013878691,0.0000019006477,0.00008750986,0.0026237112,0.6293586,0.010621729,0.0011999233,0.32607603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016876534,0.00021894465,0.015738044,0.00069387787,0.00008087054,0.0000019960248,0.0002362268,0.019488866,0.9414782,0.015376942,0.0042955694,0.0007028301],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017226896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019834466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3253732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018625988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014341998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41182125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3039736934","doi":"10.1088/1361-6439/ab9b11","title":"Oscillation FPCB micromirror based triangulation laser rangefinder","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Laser; Optics; Collimated light; Flatness (cosmology); Radius of curvature; Laser scanning; Materials science; Aperture (computer memory); Curvature; Physics; Acoustics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.011754590575184107,"score_gpt":0.20570464075762926,"score_spread":0.19395005018244516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3039736934","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65153974,0.0001659462,0.3470295,0.0010419548,0.00010480417,0.000067497735,0.0000074467935,0.000027389822,0.000015686439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93820286,0.000009100074,0.06153396,0.00009736989,0.00012603395,4.4268774e-7,0.0000032260639,0.000019414456,0.000007617391],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935204,0.000009549326,0.00029185714,0.00011314155,0.00007965082,0.00015373582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999548,0.000040011364,0.00017584344,0.00006906419,0.00008390117,0.000083159845],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009286965,0.00012636842,0.00021912983,0.0000801541,0.000041176663,0.000036647984,0.00008376419,0.00004830616,0.000026127402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028979695,0.00011622932,0.00008581652,0.00013745506,0.00001296424,0.0001152011,0.000034009045,0.00020330773,0.0000029334294],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038692808,0.000015459334,0.000113491355,0.000015268359,0.000033730616,0.000004610837,0.00006300385,0.00205392,0.98880494,0.00081148755,0.00012747638,0.0079179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003677088,0.00029780247,0.00046959464,0.00016136063,0.00012340037,0.000031842206,0.00029203726,0.0803515,0.89970404,0.0032695932,0.011140352,0.00048137095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014630788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.1391093e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28666306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021250953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001808305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4739694},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3041411720","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2020.164346","title":"A model for the jitter of avalanche photodiodes with separate absorption and multiplication regions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca","keywords":"Jitter; Avalanche photodiode; Multiplication (music); Absorption (acoustics); Physics; Optics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Detector","score_opus":0.09944753431025395,"score_gpt":0.3876759899477313,"score_spread":0.28822845563747734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3041411720","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92819685,0.000022298844,0.07058608,0.00041285853,0.000021799558,0.0006314722,0.000016522266,0.000032738528,0.00007938154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9519519,0.000111308036,0.0477576,0.000042490028,0.00003665103,0.00006446406,0.0000041563508,0.000022354505,0.000009048081],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998837,0.00012786682,0.0002095418,0.00033753357,0.00019276995,0.0002952808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933326,0.0002414221,0.00013090341,0.00012397021,0.000091418195,0.00007902392],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046231356,0.00015125546,0.00023521195,0.00008205261,0.00027988563,0.00009752143,0.000087852575,0.00006422669,0.0000048775905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054216704,0.00010916923,0.000037335343,0.00038256185,0.00024961485,0.00015962342,0.00012261924,0.00036255072,1.565287e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00063543336,0.00032121196,0.015235024,0.000093697905,0.00055899256,5.0072276e-7,0.0046943077,0.0007260461,0.65717936,0.01020744,0.00008319284,0.3102648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036336188,0.0014561825,0.007956914,0.00013507917,0.0000986708,0.0000011889349,0.0036299154,0.8153618,0.1229235,0.043916814,0.00038756753,0.0004987714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000618193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005861706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81463575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007972873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017613076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4451792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042729218","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_2927","title":"Photon Dominated Regions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Encyclopedia of Astrobiology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Photon; Computer science; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.011888948514983642,"score_gpt":0.22377811553854507,"score_spread":0.21188916702356142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3042729218","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00077607355,0.00009491876,0.00568896,0.000062374565,0.0003472467,0.0002444962,0.000121354635,0.00013075807,0.9925338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0974898,0.00037862762,0.035401627,0.00003258742,0.0005651443,0.000028891807,0.0005636363,0.00017661315,0.86536306],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876547,0.000013967461,0.00042556817,0.00040874304,0.000059621063,0.00032663808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876577,0.00011540772,0.00041568588,0.00054808817,0.00009816823,0.00005687839],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000448062,0.0003633704,0.00063245883,0.00013163182,0.00004354637,0.0000026889695,0.00033942887,0.0003882459,0.0015640204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017613678,0.00033072516,0.00020623743,0.000030004296,0.00061738014,0.00003603204,0.00021943443,0.00055172096,0.00019230836],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003023194,0.000032910993,0.00018890534,0.000006960649,0.00014235274,0.000005240876,0.000031540945,0.000002133524,0.00026084288,0.9748832,0.0026619586,0.02175374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027335322,0.00021309347,0.000049284376,0.00008088535,0.000090773916,0.0000032876662,0.000016964,0.0000013696615,0.0013285266,0.5642453,0.43333733,0.00035984215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003248248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028834909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43067536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022380298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005301176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3049480393","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/abaf43","title":"Punching holes in light: recent progress in single-shot coded-aperture optical imaging","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Reports on Progress in Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Coded aperture; Physics; Single shot; Optics; Spectral imaging; Aperture (computer memory); Computer vision; Computer science; Detector","score_opus":0.02666422741474005,"score_gpt":0.28856941995096214,"score_spread":0.2619051925362221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3049480393","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9613338,0.0018307813,0.0025810464,0.021951923,0.00037562574,0.001589723,0.000011377634,0.00066698395,0.0096587045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904306,0.000007921576,0.009065828,0.00015272577,0.00019151032,0.00006775436,0.000024749781,0.000054759726,0.000004133599],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974379,0.00004889271,0.0007025677,0.00078506593,0.00037780116,0.00064776005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989816,0.000110467976,0.0002687078,0.0004643258,0.00006446484,0.00011042875],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017096219,0.00036477917,0.00051569776,0.00009228927,0.000051941526,0.00011482425,0.00022244123,0.00010144241,0.000006428752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011258153,0.0003342194,0.00008323586,0.00076744973,0.00031054192,0.0002842287,0.00024664126,0.00093174324,0.0000058791534],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050657905,0.000891154,0.47047758,0.000030449371,0.000012782415,0.0011263648,0.00032586223,0.00051212695,0.00031762078,0.016623152,0.000028883362,0.5096034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009065735,0.0017920344,0.10705995,0.008810374,0.00016180096,0.00016627889,0.0054779756,0.07228882,0.24750452,0.48170653,0.05741104,0.008554945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033658532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035280095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50104845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015131048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006191016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3080472193","doi":"10.1117/12.2568197","title":"Modeling of InGaAs/AlGaAsSb APDs with high gain-bandwidth product","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Crosslight Software (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"APDS; Avalanche photodiode; Bandwidth (computing); Optoelectronics; Dark current; Noise figure; Gain–bandwidth product; Physics; Electronic engineering; Materials science; Computer science; Optics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Photodetector","score_opus":0.01633141136918516,"score_gpt":0.222277012190127,"score_spread":0.20594560082094182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3080472193","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39717054,0.0000137543075,0.5949572,0.0019243378,0.000017581684,0.00012582536,0.0000034103884,0.00021537242,0.0055720205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8954239,5.163241e-7,0.1043801,0.00005864069,0.00006866848,0.000002757123,0.000004303491,0.000014438522,0.000046667814],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992888,0.000007806491,0.00015048751,0.00023599555,0.00011528268,0.00020164724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996137,0.000021911761,0.00004123297,0.00020653405,0.000069712805,0.000046880432],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000033018816,0.000115930496,0.00019143515,0.00001889707,0.000040991144,0.000011538523,0.00012796972,0.000019595303,0.000046921647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022789407,0.000082497514,0.00003055911,0.00018763986,0.00007111975,0.00007032505,0.00008329246,0.00014382892,0.000009272349],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015875502,0.00017888326,0.010696369,0.000050299826,0.00018182074,0.000005248323,0.00032944314,0.44522938,0.016740886,0.4788079,0.00030319337,0.047317825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011924437,0.00048488908,0.00014654564,0.000074398165,0.000067449895,9.600751e-7,0.0010308701,0.5818819,0.35108888,0.06304917,0.00035164432,0.0006308607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000954555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011944403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49825338,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000070025476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002059282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3364151},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084063516","doi":"10.1364/oe.402310","title":"Camera-free three-dimensional dual photography","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Photography; Computer science; Computational photography; Computer vision; Optics; Computer graphics (images); Artificial intelligence; Digital micromirror device; Structured-light 3D scanner; Image processing; Physics; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.016426736987033945,"score_gpt":0.23462322164042856,"score_spread":0.2181964846533946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3084063516","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8078189,0.00013775306,0.16364251,0.0048807045,0.00034273573,0.0004675712,0.00021826114,0.00088916364,0.021602437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8633434,8.0303107e-7,0.13611303,0.00023276886,0.00021853275,0.000010393611,0.00001807133,0.000026640633,0.00003635048],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990077,0.000009497505,0.00017175973,0.00030486265,0.00020529193,0.0003008623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992423,0.00008244962,0.000061511404,0.000422566,0.00006299944,0.00012815872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024678244,0.00017661016,0.0001942356,0.000028385053,0.000100720325,0.000042370793,0.00030207803,0.00005651663,0.00013920186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004091069,0.00016509026,0.000101214704,0.00018752881,0.0001730661,0.00009409501,0.00038964773,0.00026545016,0.000059408143],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002648643,0.0006694923,0.021150516,0.00005151424,0.0005861118,0.00012757009,0.0005798352,0.016843831,0.1802572,0.70469266,0.033841472,0.040934958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00506978,0.0007505956,0.00147633,0.00015031837,0.0002255486,0.000008915125,0.00079482887,0.10572106,0.33343315,0.49829543,0.05132523,0.0027488165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002595739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011917557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20639722,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000060872467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014944115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6732185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084639145","doi":"10.3390/s20185296","title":"A Heterogeneous Edge-Fog Environment Supporting Digital Twins for Remote Inspections","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Computer science; Point cloud; Real-time computing; Cloud computing; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Process (computing); Synchronization (alternating current); Sensor fusion; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Channel (broadcasting); Computer network","score_opus":0.01934493707809807,"score_gpt":0.2512804530448257,"score_spread":0.23193551596672765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3084639145","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81836724,0.000009224428,0.17602316,0.0021796008,0.00006873789,0.00032349772,0.00010026629,0.00035554788,0.00257274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9762341,8.2374186e-7,0.023332471,0.00006417954,0.00019490135,0.0000032153184,0.000021863983,0.000025063355,0.00012342846],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921304,0.000004770135,0.00017599575,0.00026063155,0.00007336778,0.0002722209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961215,0.0000553374,0.000069635505,0.00016580267,0.0000133164085,0.000083761435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000015230259,0.0001250748,0.0001393451,0.000017645225,0.000113417635,0.000041969033,0.000085116044,0.000033680746,0.000038701182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056862656,0.00012267621,0.00010837655,0.000063791544,0.00008064444,0.000055686956,0.00007850235,0.0001109423,0.000095747215],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015959328,0.0003820859,0.007143924,0.000052677013,0.0005017412,0.00006648179,0.0019134056,0.1245978,0.02268955,0.032421235,0.0014351531,0.80863637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025544127,0.0011867245,0.0005585629,0.000057249887,0.00018721195,0.000027375827,0.004185883,0.27671176,0.2437697,0.14586838,0.3227988,0.0020939345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000051462066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.7603616e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8065424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026504957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000074716454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50025904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3085100255","doi":"10.1364/cleo_at.2020.jth1g.3","title":"Compressed Ultrafast Photography: Imaging Light-Speed Events in a Snapshot","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Snapshot (computer storage); Photography; Ultrashort pulse; Computer science; Computational photography; Computer graphics (images); Single shot; High-speed photography; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Image processing; Physics; Art; Image (mathematics); Visual arts; Laser","score_opus":0.01854926909285849,"score_gpt":0.24455230253495397,"score_spread":0.2260030334420955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3085100255","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838399,0.000027591197,0.0044728536,0.0045164176,0.00004081117,0.00024985918,0.0000145179365,0.000118082935,0.0067199436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998401,0.00002831409,0.0011275125,0.0003346422,0.000046300887,0.000005813299,0.000030003088,0.000017231094,0.000009211941],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988476,0.000022005914,0.00020229472,0.0003697062,0.00012626949,0.00043210597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995169,0.000054342363,0.00006993526,0.00017963894,0.000048840575,0.00013033833],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003640816,0.00022514242,0.00027462438,0.000070577655,0.00008017499,0.000046431902,0.00017868773,0.00004687755,0.00004745685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001798383,0.0002109484,0.000055370234,0.00026271192,0.00009521031,0.00009644081,0.00005562255,0.0003883501,0.000008860965],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005653294,0.00061608513,0.11489551,0.00006729034,0.00018397262,0.000053618354,0.0008786375,0.0008326086,0.56340003,0.27857065,0.0006102663,0.039326016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048154397,0.0010950719,0.0062318644,0.00034361004,0.000102801365,0.000004434936,0.0031561686,0.27858633,0.5792184,0.12292803,0.001736595,0.0017812469],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032365708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055024025,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2777537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000146920465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002972849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86022264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3085207229","doi":"10.1109/tcsii.2020.3023631","title":"Peak-SNR Analysis of CMOS TDCs for SPAD-Based TCSPC 3D Imaging Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Jitter; CMOS; Ring oscillator; Scalability; Ranging; Range (aeronautics); Electronic engineering; Computer science; Materials science; Engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.020954141952677037,"score_gpt":0.25692839607364587,"score_spread":0.23597425412096884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3085207229","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0030997607,0.00006638218,0.9935662,0.00033847813,0.00014245175,0.0010551836,0.0008899202,0.00035345598,0.0004881497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99526024,0.0000017215781,0.0037770069,0.000087432,0.00010583775,0.0005934227,0.00004766562,0.00004920417,0.00007744887],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981695,0.000044885972,0.0005759975,0.00057189225,0.00027043006,0.0003673074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99839556,0.00031944533,0.0002678697,0.0006477196,0.00022879377,0.00014059499],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008681053,0.00028018953,0.0006172591,0.00024035346,0.00037190208,0.000056806693,0.00035809612,0.00008143887,0.00004080242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008878227,0.00029536395,0.00040055378,0.0010653447,0.00015097522,0.00015261422,0.000004429972,0.00024309405,0.00000981071],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045756922,0.0006116685,0.00044026278,0.00022039609,0.0015456128,0.0000017308428,0.0005309713,0.85009414,0.06616812,0.009464696,0.00026159058,0.07061502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032388489,0.00037484776,0.00022152766,0.0003514265,0.0048906268,0.00000230611,0.0020415585,0.71562296,0.21536353,0.0009413178,0.055192605,0.0017584234],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001618203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000057649077,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9921605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058092162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006526506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086234072","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202000122","title":"Single‐Shot Ultraviolet Compressed Ultrafast Photography","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser & Photonics Review","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Axis Photonique (Canada); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Digital micromirror device; Photography; Computer science; Ultrashort pulse; Streak; Optics; Computer vision; Shot (pellet); Image quality; Encoding (memory); Pixel; Photocathode; Image resolution; Artificial intelligence; Computational photography; Encoder; Iterative reconstruction; Computer graphics (images); Laser; Physics; Image processing; Materials science; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.038801967400411204,"score_gpt":0.27087715815212143,"score_spread":0.23207519075171024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3086234072","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40886933,0.13690454,0.051609468,0.03986994,0.0014529715,0.013466701,0.001753222,0.0077555915,0.33831823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805749,0.0047049085,0.008376089,0.005977089,0.00007680748,0.000063753716,0.0001280726,0.000063479885,0.00003487671],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998385,0.000047894366,0.00042995618,0.0004844754,0.00022791474,0.00042475658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891484,0.00010474467,0.00017288681,0.0005254475,0.00008608408,0.0001960126],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007378484,0.00032171083,0.0006083386,0.000026411548,0.00009457367,0.000048252426,0.0004452284,0.000060407532,0.00058013335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052322885,0.00028325935,0.0003007966,0.0005830901,0.00015245147,0.000111377034,0.000105576866,0.00042028664,0.00019580335],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023466576,0.0032018898,0.008107873,0.007892146,0.0015063712,0.00017015205,0.00062353566,0.0011826018,0.5900771,0.061496794,0.041076556,0.2844303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007118561,0.00019589618,0.00006471311,0.0021865193,0.00024490955,0.0000039074603,0.00008142549,0.00084015244,0.36664528,0.0032427707,0.6249258,0.00085679605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016098214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011311423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5838492,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016927968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024102103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086601538","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-44070-1_4","title":"Active Time-of-Flight 3D Imaging Systems for Medium-Range Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Range (aeronautics); Time of flight; Computer vision; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.013659919147887676,"score_gpt":0.24354535728042456,"score_spread":0.2298854381325369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3086601538","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[5.673197e-7,0.00018782192,0.42026022,0.0004672462,0.000058306745,0.00097433705,0.0003339483,0.00021791788,0.5774996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.028583275,0.000068233865,0.20638956,0.00019879961,0.0031058884,0.0012169514,0.001458687,0.0005403412,0.7584383],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990992,0.0000026985945,0.00027036047,0.00034279205,0.00012106315,0.0001638937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903435,0.0001973565,0.00023179992,0.00034424613,0.00014004252,0.00005218907],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002333248,0.0002457592,0.00042473245,0.000055173423,0.00006200457,0.00001838645,0.00022699882,0.000100052595,0.00015251739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071802815,0.0002175741,0.00014684745,0.000028314984,0.00014013748,0.000053411415,0.00011728528,0.00021420706,0.00015953802],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009065967,0.000010624248,0.000006068487,0.000040451738,0.00012332617,4.1850208e-7,0.000013833558,0.000014375294,0.0001787392,0.968711,0.0019245094,0.028967544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000283916,0.000035854322,0.0000016831475,0.00013971169,0.00019460535,7.0973783e-7,0.00010524123,0.0027457029,0.0021705476,0.2638976,0.7299301,0.0004943201],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010183365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.3757396e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7280056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035125195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034142835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8872414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3088822171","doi":"10.1017/s0263574720000855","title":"Calibration of Multiple Depth Sensor Network Using Reflective Pattern on Spheres: Theory and Experiments","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Robotica","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"SPHERES; Calibration; Computer science; Consistency (knowledge bases); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.04110866617398932,"score_gpt":0.2986514091787814,"score_spread":0.2575427430047921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3088822171","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2585362,0.00002140574,0.7406356,0.00013074884,0.000027556478,0.00011565051,0.0000032854584,0.000053319167,0.00047623206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95106745,4.8618466e-7,0.04872962,0.0000959609,0.000085402426,0.0000013800537,0.0000027162914,0.0000125091665,0.0000044658286],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994794,0.000049799208,0.00011020771,0.0001642368,0.00006315657,0.00013318493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995998,0.00018567435,0.000056182886,0.00010236361,0.000017328339,0.00003864168],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024637196,0.00008750763,0.00013230952,0.000007288481,0.000051221028,0.000011230107,0.00004412008,0.000032648626,0.000023246155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048703154,0.00007735666,0.000023598384,0.00007322985,0.000070252296,0.000047636557,0.000057987683,0.000096152835,0.0000020507282],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005957131,0.0002670349,0.13431622,0.000042221123,0.00029712444,0.000010112088,0.0016157328,0.53679764,0.10214403,0.15389362,0.00017305174,0.06984748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014234642,0.0005879476,0.0033364082,0.00022180518,0.00008493403,9.3696946e-7,0.0041796784,0.6127546,0.30808035,0.06867537,0.000069137895,0.0005853732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014923136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014310456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6925312,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009923428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006975021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3154513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089507041","doi":"10.1109/rapid49481.2020.9195701","title":"A Simple Dual-Frequency Coherent Noise Ladar","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Noise (video); Dual (grammatical number); Computation; Range (aeronautics); Electronic engineering; Acoustics; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Image (mathematics); Engineering","score_opus":0.018334485550532513,"score_gpt":0.2513772377541615,"score_spread":0.23304275220362897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3089507041","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62391573,0.000037629787,0.21690653,0.01522983,0.00008202478,0.000366409,0.000038347047,0.0013774362,0.14204605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9758399,5.899918e-7,0.023624873,0.0003095734,0.00009177768,0.0000046944297,0.000009375623,0.000010873068,0.00010834016],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944687,0.000006072594,0.00011127057,0.00017479518,0.00007718773,0.00018383349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996828,0.000029899295,0.000027133428,0.00015994809,0.00002432767,0.00007593693],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000011280531,0.00009491239,0.00011473123,0.000008540086,0.00004275376,0.00001908996,0.00009204062,0.00002288825,0.0008880998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021912703,0.00007727348,0.000044580756,0.00011207945,0.00005030504,0.00006115003,0.0000957697,0.00011578225,0.0002789462],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012490166,0.0001099645,0.05352841,0.000008563786,0.00004774556,0.000014604634,0.00010735814,0.00018864163,0.028102614,0.86268705,0.0108880345,0.04430453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013420886,0.0003735148,0.0048147603,0.00001820729,0.000052279105,0.0000012922197,0.0012807141,0.0070994166,0.1276676,0.744822,0.111528784,0.0009993127],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007341676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002893498,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35192415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008845407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011574268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.972407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092347685","doi":"","title":"Real-Time Fourier Transformation with kHz Resolution","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics and Photonics News","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Fourier transform; Dispersion (optics); Waveform; Optics; Resolution (logic); Transformation (genetics); SIGNAL (programming language); Fourier analysis; Signal processing; Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.006965257819014566,"score_gpt":0.21841821485678478,"score_spread":0.21145295703777023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3092347685","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83391285,0.00001858575,0.108544424,0.001718235,0.000043529602,0.0002813739,0.000037219677,0.00015578984,0.055288002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8351195,0.00017972405,0.16382058,0.00002232304,0.00003852109,0.000007638742,0.0000129975615,0.000023510951,0.00077525014],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941534,0.000008562833,0.0001281423,0.00015716958,0.00009324693,0.00019753768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995964,0.00005335912,0.000053419266,0.00020164083,0.000042905973,0.000052251045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000051583425,0.00011191648,0.00012030944,0.000027152477,0.000091484806,0.00003076014,0.00005889324,0.000048589773,0.00004357925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005796501,0.00006846124,0.00002506624,0.00007238205,0.000096150914,0.0001485582,0.000023140026,0.00006945019,0.000021932306],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017259711,0.00010249082,0.0011667886,0.000013274574,0.00008535814,0.0000036918786,0.0003260249,0.00024312972,0.0619747,0.6927739,0.0003118301,0.24282622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00800663,0.0018403078,0.0014892746,0.00058079045,0.0003066126,0.00002942917,0.0011538168,0.16871557,0.1704041,0.52125734,0.12377439,0.0024417704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034880268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000051378333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24038446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018774012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018937608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27917683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092851420","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-19065-5","title":"Single-shot stereo-polarimetric compressed ultrafast photography for light-speed observation of high-dimensional optical transients with picosecond resolution","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"National Cancer Institute; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","keywords":"Picosecond; Ultrashort pulse; Polarimetry; Optics; Resolution (logic); Single shot; Photography; High resolution; Shot (pellet); Materials science; Physics; Geology; Remote sensing; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Laser; Scattering","score_opus":0.047969639435446486,"score_gpt":0.2748474722484229,"score_spread":0.22687783281297638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3092851420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89928114,0.0006077443,0.08648216,0.009978129,0.00009906058,0.0012819262,0.00045612478,0.00027999884,0.0015337181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85232687,0.0000026833952,0.14700213,0.00014831148,0.000027878563,0.000013540565,0.00045542157,0.000019145857,0.000004032354],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999006,0.000043573003,0.0003053647,0.00025081835,0.00019418729,0.00020006279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821156,0.00041959915,0.00017567971,0.0007610461,0.00035565958,0.00007648097],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060121572,0.0001661651,0.00026681085,0.000116501775,0.00019870358,0.000026548825,0.0005676364,0.00016950964,0.000010006766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008432976,0.00014738941,0.00009846607,0.0008653819,0.00022490072,0.00016203364,0.00010262164,0.00061262347,0.0000013889455],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007673207,0.0021110952,0.014284497,0.00006477642,0.0004707576,5.757076e-7,0.00036465676,0.0021083218,0.67687863,0.29287204,0.0007817751,0.00929555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0070113936,0.0018826139,0.06968292,0.00025351002,0.0005228443,0.0000027957947,0.00057152874,0.032323804,0.85418874,0.010056377,0.022340775,0.0011627061],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024420955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021371492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28281567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022219449,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028526794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60103655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3101485867","doi":"","title":"An Ultra Low Noise Telecom Wavelength Free Running Single Photon Detector Using Negative Feedback Avalanche Diode","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Jitter; Photon counting; Optics; Photon; Detector; Diode; Optoelectronics; Wavelength; Avalanche photodiode; Noise (video); Avalanche diode; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.015971210891538964,"score_gpt":0.24522790823849347,"score_spread":0.2292566973469545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3101485867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87132174,0.0000042358697,0.12401707,0.00013443978,0.000090170666,0.0001796419,0.000026814307,0.0004119512,0.0038139494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8876449,9.89465e-7,0.111968726,0.00003060338,0.0001495059,0.000005376377,0.000003123633,0.000043446737,0.00015332935],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853224,0.000028186056,0.00025904714,0.0004592292,0.00016938297,0.0005519328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987339,0.0002349777,0.00012558475,0.0006896069,0.0000929956,0.00012293225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006652394,0.00028448313,0.00029065032,0.00006394106,0.00017672012,0.000070077236,0.00037061775,0.00009524165,0.0003224503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009421443,0.00019311107,0.00009127168,0.00018450982,0.00022112853,0.00041489422,0.00008295822,0.00020123004,0.000053768214],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028841536,0.0001601543,0.005133375,0.0000042661745,0.000043696833,0.0000028688949,0.00011109307,0.00008298853,0.9069911,0.0020608674,0.000045125213,0.085335605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008098461,0.00012772712,0.0008111749,0.00009449524,0.000019366942,0.000001542302,0.0004188374,0.003280953,0.97216755,0.021774573,0.000100259094,0.00039364968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013937245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015163296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08494195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119683325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002925479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7874841},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3103103248","doi":"","title":"Optical control of single-photon negative-feedback avalanche diode detector","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; China Scholarship Council; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Detector; Single-photon avalanche diode; Diode; Optoelectronics; Avalanche diode; Physics; Photon; Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Quantum mechanics; Voltage","score_opus":0.013778495522100732,"score_gpt":0.18698169550267413,"score_spread":0.1732031999805734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3103103248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54714656,0.00001094618,0.4458672,0.00056660984,0.000026624626,0.00017547456,0.00013466804,0.0000655809,0.006006348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93774015,0.000004294879,0.062109686,0.00004483941,0.000026417307,1.4528163e-7,0.000010632807,0.000012926869,0.000050915998],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990933,0.000050794893,0.00014218019,0.0002852531,0.00017354124,0.00025491853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999157,0.00021095747,0.00015496911,0.0002543409,0.000087172855,0.00013557237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035496894,0.00015993984,0.0003868371,0.00005829279,0.00009830563,0.0000052950777,0.00039244498,0.000052921052,0.00013617419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054767905,0.000182158,0.00017313604,0.00019219791,0.000575704,0.0001100959,0.00022370047,0.0001986763,0.00002502641],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009338505,0.00036905726,0.015318375,0.000065346794,0.0005791957,0.000033551853,0.0029830358,0.0010886573,0.8724333,0.051798426,0.0007139694,0.053683206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013782566,0.0031986032,0.038594373,0.0002802313,0.000755385,0.0000031167856,0.022636179,0.14473699,0.69026184,0.07461219,0.009255889,0.0018826294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010189905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022226324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39059362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023999639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003879293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7428187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3103287484","doi":"","title":"A search for brief optical flashes associated with the seti target kic 8462852","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Search for extraterrestrial intelligence; Computer science; Astrobiology; Physics","score_opus":0.016663216916941784,"score_gpt":0.26377452818044617,"score_spread":0.24711131126350439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3103287484","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8378967,0.000053733085,0.14002992,0.015522037,0.00031475106,0.0008442438,0.00009098928,0.00083998655,0.0044076145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.895889,0.0000019020913,0.1035089,0.00006787059,0.00014048298,0.00008081735,0.000038512047,0.000036665704,0.00023588908],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817586,0.000016432947,0.00035178463,0.0005023712,0.00027383614,0.00067969924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99824965,0.00017838097,0.00018984172,0.0008108328,0.0005077269,0.00006357584],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028654662,0.0002982741,0.0004388835,0.00024727822,0.00039292368,0.00004777477,0.0009039057,0.00031530837,0.00004072523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037710092,0.0002058141,0.0001212427,0.0010839805,0.0039254683,0.00026218736,0.00033237142,0.00055921235,0.000033282617],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001305453,0.0003350274,0.006332613,0.000017903454,0.00042326667,0.00000800935,0.00006757817,0.00022975492,0.010098337,0.9469549,0.0049243364,0.030477736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032381725,0.00192261,0.0011438571,0.00028937357,0.00019910793,0.000014917893,0.00096204027,0.0031879358,0.6321245,0.14502756,0.21094045,0.0009494695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000026441907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037669663,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8019273,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006122057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014043119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99878526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3104264194","doi":"","title":"Efficient Single Photon Absorption by Optimized Superconducting Nanowire Geometries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nanowire; Superconductivity; Absorption (acoustics); Photon; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Detector; Silicon; Optics; Condensed matter physics; Physics","score_opus":0.01938200746115871,"score_gpt":0.25252336485840154,"score_spread":0.23314135739724284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3104264194","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7357322,0.00014055129,0.24953517,0.0006110085,0.0005476426,0.00041583055,0.00011181827,0.0007020267,0.012203732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95472914,0.0000046024084,0.04328974,0.00001916432,0.00015232369,0.000035608442,0.000098609584,0.000051839215,0.0016189727],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981262,0.000026315849,0.00040272542,0.0007090354,0.0002442443,0.0004914776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99873644,0.00019776158,0.00019994739,0.00065545895,0.00013544841,0.0000749311],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013425981,0.0004135021,0.0004982704,0.00015075743,0.00014715658,0.00012835153,0.0003376134,0.00027706104,0.00058508036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000099035184,0.00031118697,0.00020420192,0.00016906002,0.00023759178,0.00006262621,0.00094052445,0.0005151161,0.00009444545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000118293436,0.0010937591,0.0009724246,0.00012320098,0.0005265844,0.0000057337043,0.00024575726,0.017941851,0.79948395,0.037067443,0.005609872,0.13681109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010752669,0.000076914206,0.000012397576,0.00038853154,0.000077994126,0.0000012709767,0.00081807893,0.004896613,0.9109337,0.0773592,0.00317754,0.0011825464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010357025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.1053456e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21899693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015105451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037271508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108047812","doi":"10.1145/3414685.3417825","title":"Learned feature embeddings for non-line-of-sight imaging and recognition","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vector Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Non-line-of-sight propagation; Feature (linguistics); Encoder; Feature learning; Wireless","score_opus":0.033267681311876914,"score_gpt":0.2830899401513743,"score_spread":0.24982225883949738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3108047812","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.053109042,0.000022777735,0.93690693,0.009385428,0.000048141228,0.00021561181,0.000080710684,0.00011358629,0.00011774901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9237767,0.000023304452,0.0759159,0.00018458767,0.000034683926,0.000015346786,0.000017382821,0.000016362339,0.000015725147],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994894,0.000006224074,0.00010929397,0.00020162763,0.000062707964,0.00013072255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999512,0.00016384895,0.000052087664,0.00015505502,0.00007078071,0.000046215573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000029116005,0.000107505184,0.00013491354,0.000060546517,0.00011873544,0.00001711456,0.0000947051,0.000050725295,0.000010773803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031352443,0.000103614504,0.000085572414,0.00023636404,0.0001013155,0.00010171816,0.0000054173865,0.0002515882,0.0000018457173],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024077282,0.00017328298,0.0008312741,0.00009079663,0.00016031283,0.0000014806598,0.0005388181,0.0005878755,0.01584244,0.00644097,0.0002987197,0.97479326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027166288,0.0006748186,0.00039175348,0.00020083327,0.00034321012,0.0000034443012,0.0018501155,0.049375046,0.26916453,0.667918,0.006570712,0.0007908349],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005393121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000010150375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9740024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000038549038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007703575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42252767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119782209","doi":"10.3390/s21020598","title":"3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Silicon photomultiplier; Avalanche photodiode; Converters; Time-to-digital converter; Photomultiplier; Instrumentation (computer programming); Physics; Avalanche diode; Electronic engineering; Single-photon avalanche diode; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Optics; Detector; Engineering; Scintillator; Electronic circuit; Voltage","score_opus":0.020147357619762468,"score_gpt":0.2916354053975135,"score_spread":0.27148804777775104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3119782209","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016105456,0.9785106,0.014830204,0.00044706656,0.00082198903,0.0023995163,0.00032914142,0.00022161685,0.00082932523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0013258185,0.971467,0.023071771,0.000069876325,0.0015792485,0.0001532373,0.0018607093,0.00010273176,0.0003696017],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915767,0.000015920417,0.00025007201,0.00032309844,0.00007974502,0.00017350576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994108,0.00016231056,0.00014272271,0.00018237536,0.00005447598,0.000047321846],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002524187,0.000231606,0.00053149625,0.00007390649,0.000069680464,0.00014242559,0.000062212865,0.00015259959,0.000025683568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030733703,0.00020548528,0.00012996838,0.0002002362,0.00003553187,0.00013259692,0.000045871835,0.00017290396,0.000012424286],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001644029,0.000008790116,0.000014258044,0.00018284489,0.000058693364,4.5990123e-7,0.000026842303,0.0000054720426,1.2154499e-7,0.00199592,0.000118016076,0.99758697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017314042,0.000024206323,0.0000055396504,0.0010987768,0.000107302694,0.0000021616438,0.00024707936,0.00018309767,0.000012553244,0.00065802893,0.9972403,0.00024781722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014769925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.2898793e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9973391,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050241626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003401237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8379447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124624839","doi":"10.15353/jcvis.v6i1.3561","title":"Rectification Based Single-Shot Structured Light for Accurate and Dense 3D Reconstruction","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational Vision and Imaging Systems","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Christie (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computer science; Quadrilateral; Projector; Rectification; Shot (pellet); 3D reconstruction; Structured light; Single shot; Pixel; Point cloud; One shot; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.017748171247847687,"score_gpt":0.2836573336853735,"score_spread":0.2659091624375258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3124624839","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32623103,0.00045645624,0.67074645,0.0017452444,0.00055428164,0.000111539506,0.000009813781,0.000021112179,0.0001240514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9378229,0.0000022212384,0.061991844,0.000026388692,0.00012482806,0.0000010605733,0.000009048673,0.0000073121532,0.000014410057],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931884,0.00004351635,0.00032639477,0.00011180142,0.00011922552,0.00008020376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878705,0.0002463616,0.00032717688,0.00005652177,0.00053968374,0.000043231423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014137599,0.00008346778,0.00016951663,0.00008215285,0.00011433259,0.0001613482,0.000031560576,0.000022707663,0.0000038970675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080071055,0.00006919212,0.000039295828,0.00008703173,0.000044437675,0.000222704,0.0000134256115,0.00009232995,2.4755562e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025728194,0.00017532276,0.010818247,0.00015085179,0.00016995381,0.000014789957,0.0002555258,0.07429256,0.17600626,0.018758675,0.0013033716,0.71779716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040044338,0.0003223131,0.0146742575,0.0010936018,0.00014717155,0.0012808854,0.0028402123,0.8476229,0.028360121,0.089930534,0.009158337,0.0005652683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000014233368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.5283926e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77333033,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002420032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045507397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2821573},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126655221","doi":"10.1364/sensors.2020.stu5d.2","title":"Optical Fibers for Dosimetry in External Beam Therapy","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Beam (structure); Proton; Dosimetry; Materials science; Optics; Proton therapy; Optical fiber; Neutron; Quenching (fluorescence); Optoelectronics; Nuclear physics; Physics; Nuclear medicine; Fluorescence","score_opus":0.020906308141820533,"score_gpt":0.26792218912794746,"score_spread":0.24701588098612692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3126655221","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9667071,0.00008656563,0.030141428,0.0017540954,0.00013048905,0.00030832546,0.00001041507,0.00011050616,0.0007510504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9125467,0.000010081552,0.086864896,0.00029970572,0.00019937231,0.0000020645475,0.0000049472073,0.000030591957,0.000041625026],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856114,0.000020639687,0.0002985429,0.00047550528,0.00015460151,0.0004895853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898857,0.00050908787,0.00005393056,0.00017192183,0.000057156292,0.00021934113],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008511793,0.00024558458,0.00039167027,0.00004580819,0.00010634092,0.000109455774,0.00010398409,0.00011943605,0.000018538214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014413659,0.00021288524,0.00009566206,0.00016935635,0.0003508157,0.00009334476,0.00008883239,0.0003319222,0.000007969012],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012595445,0.00031489576,0.021858376,0.00007044678,0.00019283524,0.00018559168,0.00054590247,0.00216592,0.15588248,0.15428948,0.000422711,0.6628118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008438027,0.0011643962,0.0071193636,0.0003240247,0.00010556568,0.000036309713,0.001592251,0.23613325,0.6945829,0.041655377,0.0067269276,0.0021215992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013613752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.089062e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66069025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001733831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014074651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8681208},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127894400","doi":"10.1145/3436349.3436364","title":"Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement Using Multiplexed Illumination with Scattering Media","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Radiance; Attenuation; Optics; Detector; Multiplexing; Scattering; Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging); Light scattering; Noise (video); SIGNAL (programming language); Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications; Artificial intelligence; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.021596091971841824,"score_gpt":0.24119561204718062,"score_spread":0.2195995200753388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3127894400","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4785263,9.058568e-7,0.51975745,0.0010808638,0.000014881654,0.0001649822,0.0000027940025,0.00012964805,0.00032216668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8367495,5.5392082e-8,0.16292971,0.00020681831,0.00007453223,0.000006421731,0.0000061331048,0.000013081632,0.000013734656],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993656,0.0000049984874,0.00012431068,0.00021452107,0.000116318966,0.00017419326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996806,0.000033354478,0.000042372423,0.00011210444,0.00005106573,0.00008051486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002105474,0.000111539266,0.00011262076,0.000026716456,0.00006272646,0.000034036748,0.00008473704,0.000018003566,0.00009860595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000143755315,0.00008893569,0.000021096437,0.0001680144,0.000044551492,0.00011596117,0.000089376226,0.000076352044,0.00002408436],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021182977,0.000023172846,0.0013285766,0.0000043372233,0.000018946645,0.000001330924,0.0003192688,0.008030621,0.92875546,0.0038639617,0.000025485386,0.057607625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005724681,0.00016619307,0.0005607162,0.000025986808,0.000020790147,2.3685519e-7,0.0016143261,0.11442377,0.8811211,0.00097404927,0.00021502127,0.0003053241],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003957076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031170102,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35822323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026545282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012817399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3626692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133566148","doi":"10.1117/12.2578594","title":"Narrow linewidth semiconductor DFB laser with linear frequency modulation for FMCW LiDAR","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TeraXion (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Laser linewidth; Optics; Laser; Lidar; Materials science; Waveform; Distributed feedback laser; Fiber laser; Semiconductor laser theory; Photonics; Modulation (music); Optoelectronics; Frequency modulation; Amplitude modulation; Physics; Radar; Telecommunications; Computer science; Radio frequency; Acoustics","score_opus":0.01600887618452894,"score_gpt":0.25853716464869236,"score_spread":0.2425282884641634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3133566148","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69642156,0.00002481715,0.29825324,0.001140227,0.00008693506,0.00021809073,0.000034185134,0.00026919923,0.0035517572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6548002,3.253781e-7,0.34347042,0.000050620758,0.00013986786,0.000011387377,0.000065456865,0.000017075747,0.0014446946],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992765,0.000008204187,0.00014130003,0.00027056338,0.00008499932,0.0002184373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993666,0.000070183705,0.00004944281,0.0002832615,0.00018741976,0.000043084463],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000027487828,0.00013213951,0.00015159535,0.000022609072,0.00007894846,0.000026688629,0.00007638154,0.00005406492,0.00018197273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037210426,0.000102896585,0.000053718628,0.00015101602,0.00005060567,0.00014684624,0.000035025867,0.0001163992,0.00001999442],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015530677,0.00059930584,0.035553135,0.00006831152,0.00033103104,0.000024706278,0.00019638584,0.010159239,0.40424,0.4632433,0.0024784114,0.08295084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012205284,0.0002525081,0.00051404105,0.000045413824,0.000049657836,0.000003558454,0.00052971736,0.013727881,0.8088581,0.16620362,0.008062485,0.00053249416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000021748967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008377061,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40461808,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001972157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047641766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4196001},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133863851","doi":"10.1364/ol.420737","title":"Compressed ultrafast tomographic imaging by passive spatiotemporal projections","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Axis Photonique (Canada); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Streak; Streak camera; Optics; Ultrashort pulse; Compressed sensing; Tomographic reconstruction; Temporal resolution; Iterative reconstruction; Computer vision; Image resolution; Projection (relational algebra); Physics; Data acquisition; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Tomography; Laser; Algorithm","score_opus":0.0048501321218829985,"score_gpt":0.21944172750619487,"score_spread":0.21459159538431186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3133863851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6780044,0.000029024715,0.3011843,0.017391445,0.0002527649,0.00017055735,0.00006982427,0.00030360345,0.002594112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9679952,0.0000018796599,0.0312836,0.00043918804,0.00008289777,0.000011868183,0.000100244986,0.00002070823,0.00006441747],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916947,0.000020659645,0.00015428521,0.00026186608,0.00012061802,0.0002730844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947184,0.00006424518,0.00006904978,0.0002757626,0.00007330892,0.000045779318],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000019313686,0.00014128268,0.00013899604,0.000045950408,0.00015204473,0.00008619081,0.00010883203,0.000025566935,0.00003553925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016819218,0.0001472832,0.00007792824,0.00027773486,0.00016523908,0.00011932903,0.000063461724,0.00024042313,0.00001220786],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013735193,0.00048197908,0.12109033,0.000022395961,0.00028358068,0.00010514943,0.00018782512,0.002870047,0.7812706,0.040133845,0.023307785,0.030232674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017979004,0.000052604064,0.004375278,0.00013861778,0.00013583558,0.000016103242,0.0025661201,0.019951707,0.9311877,0.013134062,0.025107535,0.0015365555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033614684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021929684,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28999084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020316873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001884454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6006034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134429164","doi":"10.1109/jsen.2021.3063319","title":"Time-Gated and Multi-Junction SPADs in Standard 65 nm CMOS Technology","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"CMOS; Optoelectronics; Single-photon avalanche diode; Jitter; Photodetector; Avalanche photodiode; Materials science; Diode; Image sensor; Detector; Electronic engineering; Physics; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.01034132038651544,"score_gpt":0.2567025818014829,"score_spread":0.24636126141496748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3134429164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97456294,0.00009633769,0.023258585,0.001283289,0.00022939913,0.000065037464,0.00000578701,0.00010938706,0.00038921685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9595774,0.000027190903,0.039735455,0.00002105566,0.00010827742,8.5582275e-7,0.0000023679077,0.000019762236,0.00050765794],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904346,0.000044654353,0.00025587247,0.00021811975,0.0001259857,0.00031189917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949735,0.00004908325,0.000101743644,0.00016729346,0.00011970941,0.0000648355],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010707353,0.00014645906,0.00024336523,0.00017587116,0.00013001256,0.00005584615,0.00007625569,0.0001222155,0.000097363125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008204032,0.00013561039,0.000046559417,0.00038744655,0.00019328744,0.000114572875,0.000047667327,0.0006831107,0.000032797358],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030978504,0.0005698502,0.07186063,0.000017792885,0.0003612126,0.0014754385,0.00042462372,0.010571202,0.38221568,0.006082688,0.0024770102,0.5236341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008360504,0.00052311126,0.005731451,0.0004261427,0.00012003868,0.0015441487,0.004575072,0.034947574,0.81338644,0.10484258,0.02413049,0.001412448],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000067048886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000062201266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5222216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000065760236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048836057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55300313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134436108","doi":"10.1117/12.2592100","title":"Coded-aperture broadband light field imaging using digital micromirror devices","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Digital micromirror device; Optics; Coded aperture; Broadband; Aperture (computer memory); Digital imaging; Dispersion (optics); Physics; Perspective (graphical); Light field; Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Digital image; Image processing; Acoustics","score_opus":0.00927962675839326,"score_gpt":0.2536388717557473,"score_spread":0.24435924499735404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3134436108","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7235072,0.00045756972,0.17263299,0.010289003,0.00024077058,0.000144027,0.000031197575,0.00049944175,0.092197746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94649607,7.130449e-7,0.052136827,0.00044303277,0.000063734275,8.0223475e-7,0.000012947249,0.000013778261,0.00083211745],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993346,0.00000533959,0.00012728617,0.00023400388,0.00006967045,0.00022913732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995171,0.0001300189,0.00003566751,0.00021793696,0.000059911377,0.000039408973],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000012151818,0.00012572148,0.00014024503,0.000020003903,0.00009440543,0.00017532366,0.0001004097,0.000035748002,0.00026090187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003997199,0.000105554136,0.00006748354,0.00012031784,0.00003350851,0.00025702745,0.00015086337,0.00014637024,0.000031823987],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030691386,0.0003344361,0.1426709,0.000033203753,0.0002251976,0.00015996244,0.00017147037,0.00006455927,0.60178894,0.06034837,0.005672368,0.1884999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006475522,0.000023369457,0.000560273,0.00012339627,0.000046803445,0.00003654443,0.0020651135,0.0048579816,0.83088064,0.027066965,0.13295384,0.0007375434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023870585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000047360495,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22909166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013691968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025278792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43043727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135325457","doi":"10.1038/s41377-021-00565-y","title":"Observing quantum coherence from photons scattered in free-space","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Light Science & Applications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; National Research Council Canada; Industry Canada","keywords":"Physics; Photon; Quantum imaging; Optics; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Degree of coherence; Quantum information science; Quantum channel; Quantum; Photon polarization; Detector; Quantum sensor; Quantum information; Quantum network; Quantum mechanics; Quantum entanglement","score_opus":0.019995133174353096,"score_gpt":0.27869104104144404,"score_spread":0.25869590786709096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135325457","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47791475,0.0006318607,0.49584156,0.015729552,0.00044533508,0.0014660246,0.0003046023,0.00048656296,0.0071797655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8744073,0.000005478055,0.124663085,0.000063626154,0.00008098356,0.000612229,0.000079077705,0.000017890101,0.00007036194],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99769527,0.000021799895,0.00033238315,0.0011083862,0.00034490303,0.0004972515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99712783,0.00014353836,0.0002119416,0.0022335553,0.00016849286,0.000114618844],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015094124,0.0002648761,0.00031853985,0.00015589218,0.00027872398,0.0003305566,0.0021101832,0.00014184722,0.0001079396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006452061,0.00028035813,0.000087434215,0.0012566027,0.0006901664,0.00022161925,0.0021397304,0.0007625351,0.00004233259],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009853252,0.0014968911,0.048222773,0.00009171356,0.00007235998,0.000015293692,0.0014881075,0.018999934,0.46669686,0.41574395,0.0016410445,0.0455212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026484075,0.000010209469,0.009030135,0.00047307267,0.000035999572,4.4315843e-7,0.0012301765,0.018509926,0.18062466,0.7825881,0.006402275,0.00083012664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015963183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015707196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3964925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014832834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046135642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135810566","doi":"10.1117/12.2578970","title":"Single-shot real-time optical imaging using compressed optical-streaking ultra-high-speed photography","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Streaking; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Pixel; Frame rate; Computer vision; Photography; Single shot; Image resolution; Frame (networking); Computer graphics (images); Optics; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.023382325608528577,"score_gpt":0.2658923280132751,"score_spread":0.24251000240474654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135810566","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74494463,0.00003209177,0.114574805,0.0004307604,0.00016575288,0.00022148206,0.000022183189,0.0008564104,0.13875191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7745951,0.0000020718787,0.22503084,0.000056701974,0.0001184364,0.0000021951437,0.00004587019,0.00004734255,0.00010143952],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977484,0.0000417548,0.0004433977,0.0006879833,0.000301694,0.0007768093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99845403,0.0003818981,0.00010824204,0.0006549962,0.00021936822,0.00018145618],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008252631,0.0003734073,0.0004987465,0.00011637639,0.00023480642,0.00023609895,0.00025964185,0.000093531235,0.00060571503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007066609,0.00035990876,0.00022406605,0.00060312584,0.00040593554,0.00026456304,0.00020857228,0.00036109446,0.000047107198],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016592683,0.00027464406,0.0022866137,0.0000066529037,0.000080286736,0.0000677816,0.000019922576,0.00087529357,0.93636125,0.050975036,0.0000506396,0.008985294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068059703,0.00003102606,0.00038955157,0.00009761486,0.000097327254,0.00002089511,0.00045187786,0.015968252,0.96934,0.012048976,0.00030118017,0.0005727044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016684095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021578778,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13865048,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058650763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004906053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138174489","doi":"10.1109/icra48506.2021.9561938","title":"A Continuous-Time Approach for 3D Radar-to-Camera Extrinsic Calibration","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Calibration; Radar engineering details; Remote sensing; Lidar; 3D radar; Computer vision; Real-time computing; Sensor fusion; Artificial intelligence; Radar imaging; Geography","score_opus":0.015573347355230601,"score_gpt":0.253236097322846,"score_spread":0.2376627499676154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3138174489","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012456671,0.000032823715,0.97539485,0.0005201868,0.0001373392,0.0011615693,0.000063323365,0.00044068322,0.009792575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15867227,0.0000010124996,0.83779657,0.00010186407,0.000247543,0.00020626363,0.0006719139,0.0000479844,0.0022545576],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984234,0.00002618624,0.00032447508,0.0007230005,0.00014705611,0.00035587352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988628,0.00011032793,0.00013286098,0.0006717955,0.0001392822,0.00008290908],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000075740594,0.0003265057,0.0005450232,0.00007395966,0.00008604288,0.00020122557,0.00028327617,0.000212599,0.00017698671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052086834,0.0003069406,0.00021027889,0.00012467257,0.000064547276,0.0000857303,0.0007930927,0.00042054537,0.000015931122],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016314868,0.0011271605,0.0010113675,0.00027323398,0.00094053656,0.000007814659,0.00044286027,0.02198818,0.018842705,0.17697293,0.009960609,0.7682695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029901257,0.00040686782,0.0002854414,0.00045806632,0.0005404656,0.000005013516,0.0032817072,0.72792673,0.09621492,0.13488758,0.028371662,0.004631421],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007329956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.268003e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.763638,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053371325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000091961476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3150531331","doi":"10.1364/iqec.2004.itha2","title":"Improving single photon sources via linear optics and photodetection","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Photodetection; Photon; Optics; Nonlinear optics; Physics; Quantum optics; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Photodetector; Laser","score_opus":0.008431345436997478,"score_gpt":0.21694536980707893,"score_spread":0.20851402437008146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3150531331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6107898,0.000009463728,0.38740903,0.000059816146,0.000030977837,0.000061011728,7.10535e-7,0.00017408289,0.0014651662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87427086,8.0451485e-7,0.12556866,0.000018347922,0.00005683328,0.000002426493,0.0000013956736,0.000010850629,0.000069855836],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995057,0.0000030462434,0.00009848158,0.00016886098,0.000057761903,0.00016613094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975514,0.000021043936,0.000040104915,0.00012546309,0.000024310662,0.000033922115],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024837756,0.00009628919,0.00009138114,0.000029199573,0.000096819786,0.000031023366,0.000047391986,0.000040779272,0.000016417343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012276548,0.000083460596,0.000025190662,0.00007750136,0.00008493461,0.00009885735,0.000067991954,0.00011467433,0.000010535416],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021549547,0.00019481419,0.001171818,0.000013334118,0.00003531962,0.000002741655,0.00012823976,0.0043167886,0.75870454,0.026230292,0.0000028682857,0.20917769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031796657,0.000121144985,0.00004556621,0.000009895655,0.000010886951,0.0000022983602,0.00025255227,0.012484597,0.9321706,0.05427433,0.00015868548,0.00015145772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025664596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006657255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26348108,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002217253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005984553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34034243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3152605160","doi":"10.1109/ted.2021.3070557","title":"Random Telegraph Signal in n<sup>+</sup>/p-Well CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Physics; Avalanche diode; Noise (video); Biasing; Single-photon avalanche diode; Avalanche photodiode; Diode; Amplitude; SIGNAL (programming language); Phase noise; Photon; Avalanche breakdown; Burst noise; Voltage; Optoelectronics; CMOS; Detector; Optics; Noise figure; Breakdown voltage; Quantum mechanics; Computer science","score_opus":0.010492594440378394,"score_gpt":0.23633515288657667,"score_spread":0.22584255844619827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3152605160","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6768545,0.00022022832,0.31905442,0.0003785614,0.00008007697,0.00026109567,0.000020234127,0.00027505026,0.0028558527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950299,0.000031955635,0.0042822803,0.00009622936,0.00005771598,0.000053797106,0.000012444154,0.000038750775,0.00039692226],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981674,0.00009879096,0.00035178725,0.00052133884,0.0002338844,0.0006268006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907744,0.00032420346,0.00007861573,0.00036488214,0.00007973089,0.0000751032],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010126332,0.00031485243,0.0003940349,0.00019119155,0.00018172269,0.00008045868,0.0002057915,0.00012731546,0.00040826976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004281755,0.00030050112,0.00020849796,0.0007228215,0.00011925022,0.00023299918,0.0000029321109,0.0007010881,0.000077445715],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015310415,0.006393334,0.008117171,0.00014631322,0.0013478464,0.00017154028,0.001092434,0.31454498,0.30018616,0.0061426754,0.00035111752,0.3599754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018403253,0.00022359448,0.00010705358,0.00009619043,0.00008859623,0.000008084327,0.00049264857,0.008001197,0.98054236,0.0054551926,0.0026793987,0.00046533917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000088510664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015935104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6803562,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009902159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000072963114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3176350818","doi":"10.1109/rbme.2021.3092197","title":"CMOS Time-to-Digital Converters for Biomedical Imaging Applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"CMOS; Photodetector; Converters; Computer science; Single-photon avalanche diode; Image sensor; Electronic engineering; Avalanche photodiode; Detector; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Voltage; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.019342665851358087,"score_gpt":0.31325664004917353,"score_spread":0.29391397419781545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3176350818","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[6.121514e-8,0.59075075,0.40707335,0.00007865073,0.00025706098,0.0014972874,0.00013318179,0.00013841937,0.00007124053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000033013284,0.94093096,0.053974308,0.000050117687,0.00093761354,0.0028071,0.0009323424,0.00015793322,0.00020630071],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99704796,0.000029230863,0.0012385583,0.0007549217,0.00024673226,0.0006826055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982504,0.00056112494,0.00019644691,0.0006172987,0.00004026275,0.0003344307],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003106505,0.0005851629,0.0024051794,0.00039157338,0.000045726436,0.00008431202,0.00059772097,0.00023651755,0.00010759635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030122165,0.00049461744,0.0006564758,0.0012936943,0.00015898224,0.00009416839,0.0001926437,0.0006309166,0.00052940863],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.0166024e-7,0.00006795022,2.8452263e-7,0.002786893,0.00004866266,0.0000056017443,0.0000031469933,0.0000056572976,0.000007288112,0.000359384,0.0028318076,0.993883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013599332,0.0000146721195,2.7835613e-8,0.014288579,0.0001214506,0.000010118606,0.0000033907024,0.0018218657,0.0000018460395,0.0000899171,0.98302215,0.0004900075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000013790458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.473771e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.993393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020008469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012694532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3176833789","doi":"10.1145/3446791","title":"Differentiable Compound Optics and Processing Pipeline Optimization for End-to-end Camera Design","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Pipeline (software); Image processing; Artificial neural network; Zemax; Artificial intelligence; Signal processing; Computer hardware; Software; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.029265705605499,"score_gpt":0.27272977314949554,"score_spread":0.24346406754399652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3176833789","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007835592,0.000045341465,0.99025136,0.0013272973,0.00006121103,0.00025620122,0.000047490743,0.00011895454,0.000056529905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5224621,0.000022873593,0.477264,0.00008017672,0.000020492032,0.000026515192,0.00002606462,0.000018858336,0.00007890432],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915594,0.000020657284,0.00018274806,0.00029896203,0.00011120205,0.0002304971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911195,0.00027330976,0.000047473903,0.00031286312,0.00018378717,0.00007060406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057518344,0.00015889366,0.00017919592,0.00010203008,0.00036038854,0.000099698045,0.00011361922,0.00006859693,0.00004082732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034484972,0.0001607526,0.000059402002,0.0003929332,0.00009997016,0.00012152688,0.00001110062,0.00020261396,0.0000011448662],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012101152,0.0007415102,0.00022589481,0.00007739956,0.00016456693,0.000004556691,0.00020647436,0.63524044,0.0030983277,0.02569189,0.00013451367,0.33429345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015941613,0.0003005326,0.00010291961,0.00017756499,0.00034926453,0.000009942153,0.0008358909,0.7634956,0.08667427,0.14418231,0.0015153871,0.0007621192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000062563045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004950407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51462656,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014866895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040200764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6555301},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3178425930","doi":"","title":"MAIA microperimeter for central vision loss: Repeatability of short-duration fixation stability measurements","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Western Hospital; Krembil Foundation; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Repeatability; Medicine; Optometry; Fixation (population genetics); Ophthalmology; Audiology; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.07977180948042423,"score_gpt":0.3653179675946303,"score_spread":0.2855461581142061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3178425930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959358,0.000014736376,0.0028360595,0.00021710766,0.00015752164,0.00036510002,0.000030147126,0.000031356518,0.0004121446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9594083,1.9350901e-7,0.040476598,0.000014620002,0.000028496182,0.00002084186,0.000031137555,0.000007671171,0.000012144874],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980684,0.00013533073,0.00042495565,0.00065970287,0.00030182648,0.0004097864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983892,0.00017201941,0.00017368408,0.00036229444,0.00079269067,0.00011015622],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000648919,0.00016255565,0.0002590707,0.000049280192,0.00024516624,0.00003575539,0.00024200136,0.000067421286,0.000091391725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012150409,0.00014561653,0.00007731124,0.0005495816,0.003703992,0.00044864125,0.00020219455,0.00013670416,0.0000031657055],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002124601,0.000146294,0.24403238,0.000008872362,0.000008078025,0.0000015047474,0.000119478216,0.000024036379,0.753909,0.00063474267,0.0000022156132,0.0010921364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014280758,0.00020174566,0.14625168,0.000021352238,0.000011643877,0.0000036348813,0.00018495765,0.0005052397,0.8226383,0.029912246,0.000007859426,0.00011854495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000036380727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018503823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0977807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014573154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002967181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99900734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195889650","doi":"10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jth4c.2","title":"Phase-insensitive Target Detection and Ranging Aided by Continuous-wave Photon-pair Sources","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ranging; Continuous wave; Phase (matter); Photon; Physics; Optics; Phase detector; Resolution (logic); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Laser; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01164815872839756,"score_gpt":0.2375288767132643,"score_spread":0.22588071798486675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3195889650","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9483968,0.00012735688,0.04859738,0.0005703261,0.000048999165,0.00013300845,0.00003418417,0.00012257282,0.0019693545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957178,0.00006753407,0.0037194313,0.00012162721,0.000050134215,0.0000067050946,0.000036935526,0.000019595649,0.0002601958],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989176,0.000035506415,0.0001660054,0.00038376107,0.000107759435,0.0003893794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994046,0.00012779536,0.000084373685,0.00016432586,0.0001257293,0.000093194016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000062275125,0.00022153612,0.0002914673,0.00004542011,0.0002172492,0.00012199951,0.00004242494,0.000085341606,0.000023300145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041009767,0.00021452976,0.000045288565,0.00012926018,0.00018775031,0.00009456978,0.000051051466,0.00030811015,0.0000032036278],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020709436,0.00033565404,0.00044767433,0.000020385307,0.00017734745,0.000047328536,0.00030442042,0.000025065474,0.81834495,0.057989255,0.00027168574,0.121829145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013786673,0.00051009975,0.000019787974,0.000047355792,0.000043012107,0.00000989117,0.0015112753,0.02945251,0.93700516,0.02873863,0.0009693023,0.000314281],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015437241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034193718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.121514864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020816811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037244587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87482697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3200044124","doi":"10.1109/jlt.2021.3111119","title":"Differential Quench and Reset Circuit for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Reset (finance); Diode; Physics; Electronic circuit; Noise (video); Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.022874860305848482,"score_gpt":0.2641725248502648,"score_spread":0.24129766454441634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3200044124","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9007058,0.00044488916,0.09389799,0.0030769557,0.00026030684,0.00012301274,0.000019324258,0.00009875261,0.001372963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9751504,0.00002127639,0.024497055,0.000018857083,0.00016115901,0.0000044101807,0.000003881228,0.000017555907,0.0001254175],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999,0.000017898285,0.0003819159,0.00019847862,0.00011896866,0.00028274168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989642,0.00016015835,0.00028376072,0.000245482,0.0002962456,0.000050188657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007126264,0.00014884176,0.0003962956,0.00018915592,0.00008739144,0.000038441907,0.00019330767,0.00018046307,0.000062662424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020319667,0.0001227834,0.0001123089,0.00020486693,0.00024144206,0.00007495841,0.00013382501,0.0003964328,0.000002149715],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045911467,0.00025467825,0.009089685,0.000023350352,0.00021642243,0.000089238005,0.00004756813,0.0000026380553,0.6750829,0.26522148,0.0006828779,0.049243238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006016696,0.00026095478,0.00017439469,0.000055972265,0.000052583844,0.00017138086,0.0002443439,0.000027286647,0.5797211,0.41215414,0.0064068357,0.00012933409],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015803721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018501008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14693266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000398487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004463298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5006962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202111158","doi":"10.18409/ispiv.v1i1.154","title":"Validation of model-based correction for non-Stokesian tracers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"14th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Tracking (education); Visibility; Snow; Lag; Residual; Inertial measurement unit; Transient (computer programming); Image resolution; Optics; Remote sensing; Physics; Computer science; Geology; Meteorology; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm","score_opus":0.012925844362345501,"score_gpt":0.28845982639850987,"score_spread":0.27553398203616436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3202111158","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40568122,0.0000022416586,0.5896803,0.0012882957,0.00040114924,0.00011364686,0.000039433005,0.000053684536,0.0027400213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9476541,6.919749e-7,0.051728807,0.00006624578,0.00008360376,0.00002647435,0.00007212338,0.000018384138,0.0003495109],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910635,0.000015814707,0.00025289127,0.00024616395,0.00020419322,0.00017460546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921525,0.00015213073,0.00012630154,0.00019296359,0.00027116903,0.000042215353],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008890582,0.00011550967,0.00013776979,0.000045181525,0.00006641233,0.00003989171,0.00012940196,0.000044687924,0.000065618835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000084374304,0.000121659934,0.00011094177,0.00018297165,0.00007251361,0.00014491632,0.000030040883,0.00010118733,0.000016507793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016008884,0.00051241484,0.005375299,0.000014737096,0.00009874292,0.0000020635127,0.00006994203,0.1287147,0.832189,0.014745462,0.00069518836,0.01742233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039808507,0.000037392754,0.00033351846,0.000019173232,0.0000126883415,3.0710237e-7,0.00005924648,0.4075799,0.5899375,0.0014411374,0.000104522696,0.00007653926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010116317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.5068518e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54197294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007663436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005170057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49611482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209212858","doi":"10.1364/prj.422179","title":"Single-shot real-time compressed ultrahigh-speed imaging enabled by a snapshot-to-video autoencoder","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photonics Research","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Compute Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Compressed sensing; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Autoencoder; Frame rate; Snapshot (computer storage); Iterative reconstruction; Computational photography; Image quality; Image processing; Deep learning; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.050917368015499204,"score_gpt":0.3491926244064076,"score_spread":0.29827525639090835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3209212858","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7050711,0.0005297152,0.012600223,0.008862819,0.00028758537,0.0016760317,0.0003309948,0.0010160689,0.26962548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9479195,0.00003546089,0.048202146,0.00013351896,0.00007012522,0.000054317938,0.00032936592,0.000099773126,0.0031558063],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99638605,0.00022130522,0.00037857826,0.0008510938,0.0008316595,0.0013313198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99694973,0.0008664645,0.00006384182,0.0010671557,0.00074593764,0.00030685842],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056068023,0.00028780263,0.00043133425,0.0001923795,0.00042010093,0.0003439678,0.0006478583,0.000092873765,0.0018427891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003543914,0.0002911174,0.000120264274,0.0012351057,0.00032765465,0.00020286978,0.0007042669,0.00092554133,0.00032033757],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052102565,0.0003564196,0.0005500367,0.000013101203,0.0000580665,0.000055406806,0.00015406821,0.0007975474,0.97314894,0.003565669,0.018885903,0.0023627477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080153765,0.000082177816,0.000084149055,0.00008798163,0.000015265776,0.000005836751,0.0005178905,0.067009434,0.8644556,0.014013993,0.05245431,0.00047183348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042474456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000087354965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2664697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021720778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022162375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999541},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209239164","doi":"10.3390/ecsa-8-11338","title":"Design of a LIOR-Based De-Dust Filter for LiDAR Sensors in Off-Road Vehicles","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Point cloud; Filter (signal processing); Computer science; Environmental science; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Geography","score_opus":0.02808032854036778,"score_gpt":0.27168929858652724,"score_spread":0.24360897004615945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3209239164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.58584,0.000024311063,0.41268206,0.0006164809,0.000016827267,0.00016221039,0.000011847462,0.00006383334,0.00058245927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7619963,7.0372226e-7,0.23774526,0.000037995527,0.000014310742,0.000010890003,0.0000043288173,0.000009605254,0.00018057718],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993946,0.00002587518,0.00015730037,0.00015869693,0.00005414522,0.00020937795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940944,0.00027174954,0.000038573224,0.00018738148,0.00006918868,0.00002367805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000069442445,0.00008738838,0.00016174752,0.000041670468,0.000021972452,0.000011582195,0.0000734656,0.000050042992,0.00007403475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000068514295,0.000079201774,0.000053995835,0.00015474956,0.00005992558,0.00003583724,0.000034169614,0.000086134925,0.0000044742437],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002636905,0.00090970943,0.03593099,0.00007811856,0.00011727915,0.000038261296,0.00019179306,0.04846368,0.2575787,0.046794288,0.0014449086,0.60818857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00082297635,0.000078690115,0.0015230216,0.000053946907,0.000013962757,4.4695082e-7,0.00044865065,0.062888235,0.91601664,0.017300963,0.00067335716,0.00017912466],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027345206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000027887972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6584379,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018827059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066739376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32297546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209473640","doi":"10.1109/lpt.2021.3124989","title":"High-Speed Active Quench and Reset Circuit for SPAD in a Standard 65 nm CMOS Technology","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Jitter; CMOS; Quenching (fluorescence); Reset (finance); Physics; Photon counting; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Diode; Optics; Detector; Electrical engineering; Fluorescence; Engineering","score_opus":0.011014301507955092,"score_gpt":0.2565446889089593,"score_spread":0.24553038740100422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3209473640","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94597244,0.0001509566,0.028347775,0.023756279,0.00021374985,0.00062241865,0.00016165646,0.0006370326,0.00013770648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96543986,0.0000267719,0.033896666,0.00035158524,0.000026865995,0.0001532626,0.00002429845,0.000052617095,0.000028071041],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977221,0.000025863166,0.00042642534,0.0008600863,0.00015379592,0.0008117611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986503,0.00018872958,0.00018120768,0.0008056965,0.000122571,0.000051501163],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013207647,0.00035033317,0.0006303581,0.00062639255,0.00016640488,0.00003836557,0.00043024297,0.0005039878,0.00001600784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019739012,0.0003797357,0.000083003186,0.001165156,0.0009740128,0.000107763226,0.00025217037,0.0010284253,0.000008658225],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001383863,0.00016882503,0.008610596,0.000028690052,0.00023562934,0.00021531993,0.00009364214,0.00026498208,0.63780046,0.30681688,0.0007930762,0.044833504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013823055,0.00011828495,0.000113115624,0.000052627922,0.000029606457,0.000023491559,0.00053858396,0.00026475126,0.6434317,0.34970894,0.003969777,0.0003667695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004789334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006949686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044466734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022117332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010465536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3211520485","doi":"","title":"Novel Applications of an Affordable Short-Range Digital LIDAR","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National d'Optique","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; SIGNAL (programming language); Laser; Remote sensing; Waveform; Visibility; Signal processing; Computer science; Environmental science; Digital signal processing; Optics; Computer hardware; Physics; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.013019660326258453,"score_gpt":0.27002314981205655,"score_spread":0.2570034894857981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3211520485","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14276692,0.0000030373672,0.77703327,0.00002561612,0.000007642944,0.00010192483,0.000017747947,0.00010900853,0.07993485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8795846,9.418269e-8,0.12003367,0.0000057165557,0.000038300634,0.0000042999845,0.000014596643,0.0000073138367,0.00031137525],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953157,6.0674694e-7,0.00012788916,0.00011693092,0.00006708403,0.0001559499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996161,0.00003848834,0.000023727143,0.00024261451,0.000040024075,0.000039061644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000036073317,0.00006259001,0.00008535662,0.00003077369,0.000035236768,0.000016788215,0.00011678078,0.000026220208,0.00003704244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000040165364,0.000054984193,0.00003146873,0.00014079966,0.00008195807,0.00017056352,0.00004742318,0.000060360468,0.000013067458],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007094272,0.00036078875,0.009066193,0.0000027077103,0.000017229042,2.8080603e-7,0.000016791833,0.000042047166,0.0133352475,0.45434493,0.000021847776,0.5227848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078354817,0.00029087902,0.010504036,0.000021988659,0.000040581748,0.00000422486,0.003550943,0.0014261736,0.63650197,0.30214906,0.043907166,0.0008194122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000025091927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005089154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7368177,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007246848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005891494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22421904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3212840113","doi":"10.1364/ofs.2020.t3.98","title":"Silicon Photonics-Based Laser Modules for FM-CW LIDAR and RFOG","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TeraXion (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Photonics; Materials science; Frequency modulation; Laser; Optics; Gyroscope; Optoelectronics; Modulation (music); Fiber laser; Optical fiber; Physics; Computer science; Radio frequency; Telecommunications; Acoustics","score_opus":0.011156627416562351,"score_gpt":0.2533421369865335,"score_spread":0.24218550956997117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3212840113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82403916,0.00006332872,0.16875607,0.0013995118,0.000057510635,0.00017947146,0.000033910408,0.00020145284,0.0052696015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8629027,0.0000011163014,0.13642067,0.00012283679,0.000023630746,0.000009332942,0.000018564222,0.000011461766,0.00048968184],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999468,0.0000055426735,0.0000907298,0.00021378796,0.000045564164,0.00017635206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999546,0.00013153779,0.000022679234,0.00020544232,0.000059007587,0.00003536722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024726223,0.00009408147,0.00012635125,0.000015170734,0.00006755448,0.000034990688,0.000050149494,0.000038377995,0.000094023766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000310819,0.000081856204,0.000048691938,0.000059800735,0.000066352746,0.0000469103,0.000052521318,0.00006956433,0.0000075404078],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007423714,0.00041528867,0.011398351,0.000058515125,0.00013894499,0.0000114694585,0.000041085477,0.0017487968,0.071126044,0.6577541,0.0014243373,0.2558088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006346446,0.000047080175,0.00035413698,0.000012639189,0.000017225204,3.7826698e-7,0.00020300252,0.021797765,0.8694667,0.093896724,0.01338503,0.00018463277],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001100495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006859523,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7983407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008732939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018881123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33379993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3213675067","doi":"10.1109/jphot.2021.3128055","title":"Improved Noise Performance of CMOS Poly Gate Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE photonics journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Physics; Diode; Optoelectronics; CMOS; Noise (video); Electrical engineering; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.014726481656445722,"score_gpt":0.2395103376519606,"score_spread":0.22478385599551487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3213675067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890187,0.00036550482,0.00796709,0.0001507419,0.00046251118,0.0000807972,0.000017366758,0.000054294153,0.0018830306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96780455,0.00008083578,0.03171828,0.00003916578,0.00011173528,0.000003186356,0.0000038012824,0.000028327651,0.00021013504],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986776,0.000032105127,0.00042407078,0.00022561557,0.00021878553,0.00042181846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885947,0.00007526257,0.00030804123,0.000365317,0.00028263568,0.00010929386],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014702063,0.0002019216,0.00033185317,0.000059496193,0.00016516821,0.000076019634,0.00025527316,0.000078189616,0.00013315509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039995084,0.000180694,0.0001764559,0.00022228027,0.00014459777,0.00020544927,0.000081451355,0.0006274087,0.000011396403],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073326846,0.00025992855,0.0042468878,0.000021656731,0.00012001695,0.000024537727,0.00010507228,0.00060503883,0.96420056,0.0006169073,0.000077555436,0.029648505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058357115,0.00015335943,0.00026647007,0.00009735963,0.000039185063,0.0000728297,0.00015473609,0.016542306,0.97720927,0.0036736773,0.0009873883,0.0002198648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010265698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002090966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02942864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007556791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001473235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7368488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214046216","doi":"10.1364/pcaop.2021.pth2e.4","title":"The importance of thermal blooming for laser weapon atmospheric propagation modelling","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal blooming; Thermal; Laser; Optics; Energy transfer; Fiber laser; Materials science; Thermal transfer; Heat transfer; Infrared; Laser beams; Mechanics; Physics; Meteorology; Engineering physics","score_opus":0.008828144346812939,"score_gpt":0.230206344805886,"score_spread":0.22137820045907305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3214046216","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6564653,0.00094101485,0.33636433,0.00073352945,0.00033057522,0.00063588156,0.00004658306,0.000109824185,0.004372928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87099814,0.00006504645,0.12833259,0.000041424908,0.00014917122,0.000072738745,0.000039229268,0.000045921995,0.00025572506],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841124,0.00002371781,0.0004242551,0.00047845085,0.00019884658,0.00046348557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853975,0.00041383252,0.00028259272,0.00046452932,0.00023453141,0.00006478444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019567047,0.00027712653,0.0003482814,0.000012629345,0.0004360445,0.00018333648,0.0001955443,0.000063641295,0.000016757904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039784853,0.00023133666,0.00008704363,0.00020099297,0.00032484197,0.00012616649,0.00019235568,0.0002801281,0.0000030454014],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028506527,0.00037246165,0.013314308,0.00021575922,0.00043597983,0.000023378052,0.00049159717,0.11412243,0.10831993,0.21562842,0.00025675658,0.54653394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013226906,0.000029565428,0.00005487386,0.00015649409,0.00017318795,0.0000043099662,0.002049268,0.71379375,0.2618955,0.017495848,0.0024499437,0.00057458255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005922035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003594621,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5996713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026115917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000065583416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94336355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214084726","doi":"10.1364/3d.2021.3tu4a.1","title":"Single-shot 5D imaging at 100 billion frames per second using stereo-polarimetric compressed ultrafast photography","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Photography; Polarimetry; Optics; Laser; Single shot; Polarization (electrochemistry); Scattering; Materials science; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.020753055870965882,"score_gpt":0.24751897393173541,"score_spread":0.22676591806076954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3214084726","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94322854,0.0020112102,0.03497924,0.00029977196,0.00084678474,0.0006047868,0.00030746195,0.00039552007,0.017326703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9444393,0.00005109795,0.054417003,0.00023874053,0.00025759565,0.000021883921,0.00020182235,0.00013150355,0.00024104877],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962582,0.000085456806,0.0007082074,0.0013326758,0.00048454554,0.0011309163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975072,0.0005136594,0.00038904155,0.00096767454,0.00033621365,0.0002861978],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018512218,0.0007928503,0.000887938,0.00046292593,0.00080173597,0.00084524264,0.00039927484,0.00016036896,0.00060270634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048298272,0.0008204784,0.00023062264,0.0010793783,0.0008483321,0.00037790101,0.0007544246,0.0008933601,0.000030845873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010234987,0.000604874,0.05384533,0.00014007952,0.00036888747,0.000114469396,0.00034195586,0.0009902995,0.86015517,0.0038722213,0.00030560448,0.079158776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033144273,0.00005583807,0.0012426786,0.00044748225,0.00051699154,0.00011299145,0.004183001,0.040083468,0.9259319,0.0034906457,0.018175935,0.0024446493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000072562936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012559564,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07671413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012663717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007903621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3215351985","doi":"10.1109/pn52152.2021.9597910","title":"Compressed-sensing two-dimensional rotating-mirror streak camera for single-shot ultrahigh-speed optical imaging","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Streak camera; Single shot; Streak; Optics; Laser; Curved mirror; Shot (pellet); Physics; Single camera; Materials science; Computer science; Computer vision","score_opus":0.027854941254025586,"score_gpt":0.29076989661145447,"score_spread":0.26291495535742887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3215351985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72631747,0.00008035976,0.24236557,0.0033537718,0.00045099188,0.0005486668,0.00007714551,0.0008294717,0.025976578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.62974226,9.048777e-8,0.36973858,0.0001412857,0.00009268938,0.0000024068856,0.000077343684,0.00003203374,0.00017334367],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998198,0.000028541383,0.00036806765,0.00057607784,0.00022592208,0.0006034123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983245,0.00072346855,0.0000990907,0.00039174446,0.00033554097,0.0001256511],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007213502,0.00029090265,0.00037020474,0.000050057373,0.00025741954,0.000137372,0.00013906119,0.000049866438,0.0001662931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013529396,0.00027398474,0.00016716284,0.00019763949,0.00022738591,0.00017183596,0.0001693703,0.00026973363,0.000022073033],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005084307,0.00033554895,0.0020705282,0.000014797971,0.00010964868,0.000056387355,0.000048993395,0.004006981,0.8314392,0.08164698,0.0003794249,0.07984064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017730163,0.0000683477,0.00023665394,0.00009995186,0.00008033533,0.000038748287,0.0007555164,0.11731038,0.8488672,0.02930645,0.0008166292,0.00064680976],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000084734864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011365731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.127373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004009134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060346574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W32453906","doi":"10.1002/ppul.24854","title":"Controllable Front-End Circuit for Geiger Mode Avalanche Photodiode","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pediatric Pulmonology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Physics; Geiger counter; Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Humanities; Detector; Art","score_opus":0.010581790520539923,"score_gpt":0.2457785075443078,"score_spread":0.23519671702376788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W32453906","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27557164,0.00032864278,0.69556415,0.0010004034,0.0006939431,0.00071655336,0.00009693037,0.00052228564,0.025505474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841974,0.000013950459,0.013670002,0.00012204205,0.0009940362,0.00012866693,0.00003677697,0.000034405788,0.00080276496],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848944,0.000037361962,0.00028817126,0.00043736308,0.000090298425,0.00065734395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879736,0.00045227993,0.00014896497,0.00044032195,0.0000822791,0.00007879264],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001340928,0.00022124796,0.00042412465,0.00010624034,0.00013697316,0.000026889704,0.00029934454,0.00016727393,0.00017497965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001568882,0.0002070299,0.0001255536,0.0001140637,0.00010228555,0.000089650726,0.000090420624,0.00024170127,0.00021075617],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000325511,0.0006560929,0.25289008,0.00008180005,0.00032144273,0.000008124229,0.0001923736,0.0026751535,0.008982905,0.504543,0.023110202,0.20621328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032202688,0.00029336356,0.002046187,0.0000040792634,0.0002479078,0.0000044537346,0.000083892184,0.025833413,0.005034053,0.89261,0.069827914,0.0007944483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007488953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005479908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70862573,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038321392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037835973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8442434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205470782","doi":"10.1364/fio.2021.jth5a.109","title":"Ultrafast Sampling Oscilloscope for Arbitrary Single Photon Waveforms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2021","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Oscilloscope; Waveform; Detector; Ultrashort pulse; Photon; Sampling (signal processing); Physics; Photon counting; Optics; Off the shelf; Computer science; Voltage","score_opus":0.017801413502688834,"score_gpt":0.2646796337245927,"score_spread":0.24687822022190387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205470782","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4396632,0.00005722006,0.55163944,0.0004702388,0.0014055256,0.0002523958,0.000044615528,0.00006030953,0.00640707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48311794,0.00000871202,0.51635295,0.000061543,0.00008134378,0.000015706628,0.000021146114,0.000016262582,0.0003244171],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980868,0.000010767922,0.00029279254,0.00061154284,0.0002995431,0.00069856766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990233,0.00008392538,0.0000827088,0.000492236,0.00020057363,0.00011722308],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026411243,0.00019533625,0.00028843537,0.00015948644,0.00026528334,0.00019436417,0.00045508385,0.00006720892,0.000033214954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002624199,0.00018480535,0.00009210271,0.0011728543,0.00061794574,0.00047955778,0.0002038363,0.00026011388,0.000006734457],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019444339,0.003480487,0.09503316,0.00016035268,0.00023838409,0.00014860237,0.001682375,0.020612776,0.32477617,0.18463175,0.0021176175,0.36692387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062329514,0.00011413048,0.0003066133,0.00010466366,0.000020791413,0.000002635246,0.004081131,0.035636455,0.8246084,0.13080235,0.0032041015,0.00049547467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009504195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005693059,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49983218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018051662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026664257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7536143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205995951","doi":"10.32920/16815016.v1","title":"Design and Analysis of Electronic Wearables for Taekwondo Sports","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Wearable computer; Computer science; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Point (geometry); Work (physics); Computer security; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Embedded system; Mathematics","score_opus":0.013972911061961637,"score_gpt":0.26406572830262404,"score_spread":0.2500928172406624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205995951","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16876031,0.0002618598,0.83024466,0.00006335212,0.000020739886,0.00024523685,0.000012069038,0.000054497115,0.0003372869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.755039,0.000029874142,0.24467488,0.0000046162045,0.000011067136,0.000021379172,0.00007441518,0.00001071416,0.00013408872],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999074,0.000014251106,0.00022101146,0.00036314462,0.00008894877,0.00023866794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919415,0.00017046879,0.00014742235,0.0003665896,0.00009720997,0.000024161487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000105533196,0.00016415596,0.0005356935,0.00013430718,0.000030217401,0.00003192452,0.00011064938,0.00010503742,0.00009157728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017490518,0.00014766579,0.00019402236,0.00022691619,0.00007288866,0.000027337406,0.0002613384,0.00020543361,1.1993983e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011318382,0.0003628281,0.024981616,0.00019088239,0.012812317,0.0000044931617,0.00017698728,0.2917936,0.005522813,0.44347507,0.00017511424,0.22039108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052760716,0.00012395742,0.0028016076,0.00015862819,0.0061156643,4.6159764e-7,0.000769961,0.27262172,0.106145084,0.6092708,0.00052538107,0.00093911536],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004283889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038422286,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5862787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018983292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007683415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6021637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214841991","doi":"10.1109/jssc.2022.3149916","title":"A 30-fps 192 × 192 CMOS Image Sensor With Per-Frame Spatial-Temporal Coded Exposure for Compressive Focal-Stack Depth Sensing","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Huawei Technologies","keywords":"Pixel; Frame (networking); Compressed sensing; Diagonal; CMOS; Frame rate; Computer science; Mathematics; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Geometry; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01781493562107,"score_gpt":0.27086292420705155,"score_spread":0.25304798858598154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214841991","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5050255,0.00006270769,0.49300283,0.00039173372,0.00039314982,0.0004957945,0.00033832237,0.00008680112,0.00020317132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97684133,0.0000058096834,0.022313787,0.00012462854,0.0004297632,0.000012394581,0.000025964913,0.00010412795,0.0001421876],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99714994,0.00014789311,0.0008652968,0.00042401857,0.0006470388,0.0007658281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971328,0.00036708766,0.0011728476,0.00041738164,0.0006757956,0.00023412776],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003022868,0.00044081997,0.00084622914,0.00018956055,0.0005386428,0.00012606633,0.00041367518,0.00007534108,0.0000831315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000564851,0.00038682675,0.00030410432,0.0002444305,0.00029986762,0.00033529123,0.00012872316,0.0010618988,0.00001000126],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002245385,0.0018930902,0.012277625,0.00029568037,0.0026633071,0.002555754,0.0065368493,0.17005791,0.57971144,0.0011739285,0.0077243126,0.21286476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04315429,0.01706413,0.0051322444,0.0021631075,0.00209682,0.0035823295,0.037997738,0.096983545,0.6301028,0.12115531,0.032958828,0.007608864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000643659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020815462,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47181585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019573886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023508638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220762422","doi":"10.1109/jstqe.2022.3162527","title":"Guard-Ring-Free InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Based on a Novel One-Step Zn-Diffusion Technique","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Optoelectronics; Indium gallium arsenide; Diode; Photon; Single-photon avalanche diode; Materials science; Avalanche photodiode; Avalanche diode; Photon counting; Gallium arsenide; Optics; Physics; Detector; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.0177430239364601,"score_gpt":0.24637418145843112,"score_spread":0.22863115752197102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220762422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77841437,0.00021068197,0.21823406,0.0014701085,0.00040327312,0.000489643,0.00002318197,0.0001540108,0.0006006461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9735605,0.00001955391,0.025841512,0.00016451138,0.00025784175,0.000034989647,0.000010578204,0.00006292384,0.000047606703],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971252,0.00014308104,0.0008432323,0.0003701078,0.0007242893,0.000794059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979701,0.00027675365,0.00067632826,0.00060720573,0.00037831016,0.00009130164],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005306781,0.0003467402,0.00057964394,0.000499937,0.000269191,0.000054241627,0.0008990043,0.0001565721,0.000053310447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033597165,0.00035231537,0.00018402672,0.00116973,0.00008500682,0.00013382686,0.00017890762,0.0029571147,0.0000016745372],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001020147,0.004761563,0.00451435,0.000054157903,0.00020646505,0.000095331925,0.00022172989,0.04655255,0.8644331,0.060920984,0.00084913673,0.016370485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007191375,0.008005282,0.0009868459,0.0005090954,0.00016533298,0.00015057613,0.0003081473,0.18733858,0.6469581,0.12633212,0.020573769,0.0014807744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034668596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020843909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.217475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010474451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042969166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998929},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220893703","doi":"10.1109/tcsii.2022.3161650","title":"A Reconfigurable 5-Channel Ring-Oscillator-Based TDC for Direct Time-of-Flight 3D Imaging","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ring oscillator; Time-to-digital converter; Channel (broadcasting); CMOS; Detector; Power (physics); Frame rate; Converters; Time of flight; Dynamic range; Materials science; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Electronic circuit; Optics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Clock signal","score_opus":0.0145762005513412,"score_gpt":0.23107814245199734,"score_spread":0.21650194190065614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220893703","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012269717,0.00017180214,0.9770355,0.0001530025,0.0013568528,0.0012331977,0.0010487421,0.0005649401,0.0061662085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967579,0.0000010719993,0.00070010015,0.000034232206,0.0000912872,0.0007019781,0.00001720617,0.00007906004,0.0016171308],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978736,0.00010114037,0.0005413278,0.0006005673,0.0003525544,0.00053080707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99841124,0.00040046452,0.00027555885,0.0006722459,0.00014287436,0.000097627286],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025065694,0.0003214738,0.0005540952,0.00022651038,0.0010083735,0.000057208246,0.00037720095,0.000061042665,0.00016015224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000091988495,0.00035056387,0.0002717203,0.00035212873,0.00011472431,0.00017254589,0.000006715417,0.000362578,0.000013432005],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011623867,0.0008295145,0.00005270945,0.00018010754,0.00032040762,0.0000075573603,0.000667307,0.8692,0.09597039,0.0020297265,0.0015781482,0.029047923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004697792,0.0008566127,0.00001644462,0.0007450325,0.0003500974,0.000027261836,0.001918969,0.22181694,0.6587123,0.0018960645,0.10691752,0.0020449117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027711634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001307378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9844882,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015591655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010116595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220927739","doi":"10.1117/12.2608938","title":"Compressed ultrafast tomographic imaging using standard streak cameras","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Axis Photonique (Canada); Université du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Streak; Streak camera; Compressed sensing; Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Tomographic reconstruction; Iterative reconstruction; Image resolution; Subpixel rendering; Temporal resolution; Optics; Pixel; Physics","score_opus":0.009225808710056524,"score_gpt":0.24717289049465835,"score_spread":0.23794708178460183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220927739","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8439471,0.000028432594,0.14809415,0.00033942066,0.00011439339,0.00013713539,0.00007768518,0.00037909797,0.006882561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819215,2.634497e-7,0.017898161,0.00005069785,0.000034075376,0.000006997523,0.000014650469,0.000018036728,0.0000556048],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913734,0.000025721718,0.00014195887,0.00022792598,0.00018791352,0.0002791589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957097,0.000052425265,0.00005539136,0.0002470391,0.000034517805,0.000039675524],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000050916333,0.00012392095,0.00015169797,0.00007605451,0.00037586596,0.00003975416,0.00017424961,0.00000870533,0.0008153434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000043882023,0.00012110665,0.00006912564,0.00028848188,0.0001114,0.00008911368,0.00022205412,0.0002479991,0.0000026056005],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011128224,0.00036722524,0.42965746,0.000010932671,0.00021548783,0.000045313216,0.00021425374,0.0734527,0.082612894,0.26752323,0.0011319742,0.14465724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055122213,0.0004552664,0.006787589,0.00008073566,0.00021675306,0.00005020031,0.03234786,0.22176947,0.30456418,0.35345456,0.071311586,0.003449574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023005437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019678698,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4228699,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004555572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022399407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8927438},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226156922","doi":"10.22215/etd/2022-14915","title":"Optimization and Modeling for Optical Phased Array","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Phased array; Beamforming; Phased-array optics; Remote sensing; Component (thermodynamics); Radar; Active electronically scanned array; Microwave; Range (aeronautics); High resolution; Radar engineering details; Computer science; Engineering; Radar imaging; Geography; Aerospace engineering; Telecommunications; Physics","score_opus":0.01818179411978608,"score_gpt":0.30343300874890416,"score_spread":0.28525121462911807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226156922","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012415989,0.00003972451,0.9700831,0.00006487303,0.0001343492,0.0003136859,0.000019977977,0.00013672901,0.016791534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.33712572,0.0000069068215,0.6576164,0.000014003891,0.0001027811,0.00014420865,0.0023361265,0.00005632872,0.0025975253],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932766,0.0000036176311,0.00015854042,0.00026600168,0.00008533566,0.00015883976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967,0.00006665734,0.000053592856,0.00012636479,0.000054141117,0.000029224282],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000034575405,0.0001498441,0.00018279343,0.000050952167,0.00014888163,0.000034714438,0.0000752848,0.00007694829,0.0002725643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001820104,0.00014557413,0.000056080946,0.000059074977,0.000015648558,0.000056773584,0.000006319751,0.00018037533,7.7035793e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018176004,0.0001690787,0.00002410825,0.00007144595,0.00014940709,3.7049412e-7,0.00022359932,0.54499036,0.0124065485,0.38168705,0.000121951336,0.059974305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001185555,0.00018490697,0.0000018636985,0.000052563202,0.0002064374,4.5576155e-7,0.0062175035,0.8254766,0.041509774,0.12244021,0.0018602398,0.0008638799],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008377431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000017310992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32470974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018757986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020552588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59363407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237730193","doi":"10.1117/12.603615","title":"&lt;title&gt;Vehicle-network defensive aids suite&lt;/title&gt;","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Radar; Real-time computing; Suite; Lidar; Situation awareness; Simulation; Telecommunications; Remote sensing","score_opus":0.008415427723357934,"score_gpt":0.22277784000192508,"score_spread":0.21436241227856714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237730193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9304617,0.000113501075,0.00024244428,0.0012517691,0.00020648503,0.00022969433,0.000025792955,0.00014277888,0.067325816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7098749,0.000038586088,0.28652713,0.00010740462,0.0014258333,0.000041544365,0.000010443452,0.00007104411,0.0019031073],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880433,9.656257e-9,0.00031933526,0.0002398344,0.00031423045,0.00032226904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990321,0.0000865492,0.00015995427,0.00005634822,0.00059970334,0.00006538637],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014990989,0.0002019431,0.0002464944,0.000042670887,0.000059153863,0.00005084328,0.00046035144,0.00012038384,0.00013019267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014345003,0.00017116065,0.00033610588,0.00020699111,0.00017831587,0.00019186558,0.00014723977,0.00025024504,0.000046605677],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013231061,0.000041776115,0.00016463755,0.0000343498,0.0001714918,4.2207187e-8,0.00002332891,0.00016784796,0.06073218,0.91328335,0.020903865,0.004463899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020697175,0.00047786458,0.00092504435,0.0006535921,0.00042746562,0.000014916794,0.00083084486,0.06271096,0.15941912,0.090077564,0.68085885,0.0015340821],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000012048804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.203708e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82320577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077273944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016627035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69797283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244576379","doi":"10.1515/iupac.83.0009","title":"Absorbed (Spectral) Photon Flux Density","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"IUPAC Standards Online","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Glossary; Photocatalysis; Chemical nomenclature; Compendium; Terminology; Photon; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Physics; Materials science; Catalysis; Optics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.009936263840950805,"score_gpt":0.360397119241761,"score_spread":0.3504608554008102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4244576379","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0017862251,0.00007604029,0.0034151184,0.0004739669,0.00044496247,0.0002952703,0.9929514,0.0002919803,0.00026503185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0011064954,0.000047693065,0.0013207358,0.000069575115,0.0008570183,0.000008998087,0.9961091,0.000052845357,0.0004275027],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975768,0.00003774587,0.00042424697,0.0006668178,0.0006509928,0.00064342475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99794257,0.00012796072,0.00027344545,0.0011954092,0.00031816994,0.00014242544],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016619256,0.0005570195,0.00074670534,0.00013294128,0.000157277,0.000063293715,0.0005353206,0.00032461475,0.0030177047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018051793,0.00042554885,0.00024048197,0.00018289294,0.00032430995,0.0000961586,0.0003429395,0.000790578,0.000015927344],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006497701,0.00015282967,0.00002957402,0.000018255763,0.00010516298,0.000028792743,0.0000024597412,0.0000013880865,0.000109247965,0.00087685446,0.98780495,0.010805503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059996365,0.00010353802,0.000025490257,0.00021303854,0.00009565339,0.0000027969131,0.000021470869,0.0000064516935,0.0023808763,0.028727086,0.96728414,0.00053951616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001576886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011216225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027850233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030526798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024128178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4245685842","doi":"10.1109/rtc.2014.7097479","title":"Real-time discreet SPAD array readout architecture for time of flight PET","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Detector; Single-photon avalanche diode; Computer science; Scanner; Avalanche photodiode; Power consumption; Computer hardware; Photon counting; Noise (video); Bandwidth (computing); Electronic engineering; Nuclear electronics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Power (physics); Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.005237469304429284,"score_gpt":0.2318234287164924,"score_spread":0.2265859594120631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4245685842","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06552234,0.000002716355,0.7745545,0.0018983065,0.000041198382,0.00038226825,0.00007713585,0.0003703843,0.15715116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5832131,4.5503782e-7,0.40927038,0.000021769009,0.00014293175,0.000010868914,0.00006344642,0.00002938386,0.007247664],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922526,0.000016104685,0.00018391456,0.00022930426,0.00009017035,0.00025523276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999187,0.00023341534,0.00008641485,0.00039962446,0.00004769602,0.00004585918],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000731909,0.00015021196,0.00027328043,0.000037947317,0.000049459708,0.000013107679,0.00018479364,0.000036466583,0.00023610587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046507983,0.00010863767,0.00010587195,0.000077191246,0.0001297408,0.000042028198,0.00005613543,0.000094022806,0.00009936984],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010655818,0.00017185896,0.00058896455,0.000027259239,0.00011702388,6.478679e-7,0.00009778535,0.00046206926,0.4636377,0.4767311,0.0066555175,0.051403504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008991199,0.0003747654,0.0002911342,0.00006579344,0.00006150455,0.000001971128,0.000090784524,0.0045872093,0.42350948,0.53182495,0.037758715,0.00053458987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037088943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019060033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5176908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007832205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009056662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44301155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246740821","doi":"10.17771/pucrio.acad.31668","title":"AUTOMATIC HIGH-DYNAMIC AND HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTON COUNTING OTDR FOR OPTICAL FIBER NETWORK MONITORING","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Optical time-domain reflectometer; Optical fiber; High resolution; Computer science; Fiber; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Physics; Optics; Fiber optic sensor; Fiber optic splitter; Remote sensing; Geology","score_opus":0.00958691494831234,"score_gpt":0.27907556192786415,"score_spread":0.2694886469795518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246740821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767269,0.00015097992,0.015125642,0.00008094872,0.0012606482,0.00079743774,0.00002356256,0.00046989703,0.005363998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8425622,0.000009018247,0.15068108,0.000002390094,0.00048285516,0.000090080175,0.00045400247,0.00006321269,0.0056551406],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985662,0.000008040681,0.00031602225,0.00045014237,0.00016692594,0.0004926691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889386,0.00024355901,0.00029940577,0.00039526165,0.00011171306,0.000056211295],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011139572,0.00033324666,0.00044977842,0.000051188166,0.00049973483,0.00020193993,0.0002051214,0.0002838351,0.00007356661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007193202,0.0003118239,0.00008999147,0.000050801078,0.00008066005,0.0001707568,0.000055943896,0.00034809922,0.000018783994],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009981426,0.00008949495,0.00088468514,0.00040174474,0.00034672423,0.0000034002376,0.000060093324,0.0013506479,0.0016729357,0.117234886,0.000617066,0.8772385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034408602,0.00045897506,0.047483437,0.004210485,0.0013344199,0.0000034318105,0.0014677665,0.29859686,0.029799372,0.60521746,0.0043639634,0.0036229729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017773156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002301027,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87361556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007022818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034620778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248227339","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv.7982456","title":"Rapid Deconvolution of Low-Resolution Time-of-Flight Data using Bayesian Inference","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Physical Laboratory; Technische Universität München; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Deconvolution; Algorithm; Bayesian inference; Bayesian probability; Amplitude; Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Optics","score_opus":0.04658701584901637,"score_gpt":0.30118350793177256,"score_spread":0.2545964920827562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248227339","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4417141,0.00029887786,0.55556655,0.000052835796,0.0002676981,0.00034651533,0.00008905225,0.00009833241,0.0015660643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94758856,0.000015187683,0.051856987,0.0000026701869,0.00008933839,0.00000243089,0.00037773175,0.000023320043,0.00004375179],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998618,0.000025442607,0.00044118613,0.00051389175,0.00015951668,0.00024198109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99739546,0.000112873495,0.00054598576,0.0017670334,0.00014240036,0.000036257698],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013903435,0.00024110598,0.00049002713,0.00009265614,0.00003390659,0.000015688,0.0007802593,0.00024318513,0.00012749675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010155693,0.0002438135,0.000101033474,0.00013629903,0.0002378293,0.00013690373,0.0018818184,0.0004096618,0.000024482866],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028615358,0.0017546302,0.06834364,0.0035928222,0.0017617432,0.000006035374,0.0005357593,0.113912486,0.5716192,0.06435453,0.0021347343,0.17169827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000436576,0.000039569793,0.0011532451,0.0012703082,0.00016864059,5.2983023e-7,0.000063010266,0.60343295,0.34654668,0.04591333,0.0003394384,0.0006357204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007319965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.9110357e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50587445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053486143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015114823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99424255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251680728","doi":"10.22215/etd/2008-06415","title":"Adaptive laser range scanning using quality metrics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Heritage; Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Range (aeronautics); Art; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.06541870451798822,"score_gpt":0.34589301108584475,"score_spread":0.28047430656785655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4251680728","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.745235,0.0002372055,0.11565481,0.000022004608,0.0005459361,0.00040603423,0.000052061612,0.0005163264,0.1373306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8940378,0.0000061440073,0.100105256,0.00001481067,0.00015369357,0.0000072377975,0.0002408697,0.000051477633,0.005382703],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876136,0.000030028643,0.00030929683,0.00035753744,0.00024436702,0.00029743888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910283,0.00013404107,0.00024405969,0.00029259044,0.00017671386,0.00004973783],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007199848,0.00027978327,0.00042345465,0.00016856763,0.00017526689,0.000027840715,0.00016876876,0.00019781254,0.00012279957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051362706,0.0002590734,0.00015631401,0.000455005,0.000059789054,0.00011553083,0.00004365101,0.00044365696,0.000031260202],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00057807105,0.0007594613,0.031558573,0.0001750812,0.0014302615,0.00006463713,0.0018067693,0.005462517,0.003125042,0.30540517,0.0024662884,0.6471681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0077487603,0.0007189743,0.048679087,0.0017563046,0.0019546694,0.000013745829,0.114961095,0.0669873,0.3885059,0.33729157,0.015585203,0.01579739],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006562394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021675527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6313707,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080580314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005707197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255689554","doi":"10.1080/09500340410001677085","title":"Space-qualified silicon avalanche-photodiode single-photon-counting modules","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Modern Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PerkinElmer Biosignal","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Photon counting; Optics; Remote sensing; Photodiode; Laser; Radiation; Photon; Reliability (semiconductor); Satellite; Environmental science; Physics; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Detector; Astronomy; Geology","score_opus":0.02135794708413596,"score_gpt":0.2569578901148395,"score_spread":0.23559994303070353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4255689554","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71718895,0.0001345175,0.27969182,0.00061967457,0.00019468328,0.0000802116,0.0000067622996,0.00005700603,0.0020263516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.893424,0.00001373062,0.106131636,0.000044519835,0.0002932554,9.955878e-7,0.000002101879,0.000035015517,0.000054773365],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984499,0.000019388488,0.00057409296,0.00019409643,0.00037084156,0.0003916419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986435,0.00013937295,0.0005568735,0.00031436453,0.000235169,0.00011070807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022227196,0.00023408174,0.0004240415,0.00011818807,0.000108725406,0.00009715253,0.00030651336,0.000107942054,0.000018001474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012949944,0.00020496696,0.00020239048,0.00012013087,0.00013411183,0.0002773485,0.00009291857,0.0005425702,0.000016615008],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020905703,0.0012665818,0.0047099655,0.00005420624,0.0005175263,0.000149468,0.0014420118,0.28278747,0.51084775,0.14347805,0.00018649582,0.054351386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018481041,0.0003055867,0.000243605,0.00022168507,0.00010920919,0.000049598522,0.0006531515,0.012214177,0.47663695,0.50664717,0.0005920126,0.00047872984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014024995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002390239,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36316913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015137013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006913397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.835831},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256419437","doi":"10.1002/scj.20320","title":"Real‐time depth‐mapping three‐dimension TV camera (Axi‐Vision camera)","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Systems and Computers in Japan","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Camera auto-calibration; Rolling shutter; Computer science; Shutter; Pixel; Stereo camera; Camera resectioning; Camera interface; Pinhole camera model; Three-CCD camera; Image resolution; Frame rate; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Image processing; Physics; Image (mathematics); Digital image processing","score_opus":0.007639609924136721,"score_gpt":0.22408195068485717,"score_spread":0.21644234076072044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4256419437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9590865,0.00013763872,0.03604859,0.00013507136,0.00030782365,0.00027094877,0.0000035665798,0.00019571882,0.0038141424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857544,0.0000033928352,0.013895123,0.000010441134,0.0001914501,0.00000777549,0.000015270096,0.000019717269,0.00010244929],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879396,0.000035439814,0.00032624538,0.00036982307,0.00014123398,0.00033332699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994296,0.00008829799,0.00011494251,0.00028578466,0.000034273005,0.00004710734],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000106757354,0.0002019937,0.0003331572,0.00010756164,0.00012875324,0.00008728738,0.00012823913,0.00007882039,0.0000037540392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000024984565,0.00018075666,0.000048775328,0.00019549676,0.000103231265,0.00011497551,0.00015082587,0.00017936583,0.000017934308],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045003224,0.00036285177,0.2801488,0.00013894694,0.00012363029,0.000048612073,0.0005832958,0.016271316,0.03843579,0.26407626,0.0050249523,0.39474055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0043971874,0.00071164814,0.23575887,0.003097437,0.00006397174,0.000059182345,0.0031151094,0.65476644,0.0019313417,0.08252712,0.0107507575,0.0028209605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004628853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000031223994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6384951,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046276393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010621571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73710424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281489364","doi":"10.32920/19852864","title":"Electromagnetic FPCB micromirror based scanning laser rangefinder","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Optics; Flatness (cosmology); Collimated light; Radius of curvature; Aperture (computer memory); Laser scanning; Materials science; Microelectromechanical systems; Curvature; Laser power scaling; Physics; Optoelectronics; Acoustics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0153544554972884,"score_gpt":0.2640892187716755,"score_spread":0.24873476327438712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281489364","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8534283,0.00018633906,0.0505751,0.0035814014,0.0007138571,0.0010839211,0.00013059798,0.0016592606,0.088641234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80279636,0.0000011075513,0.19290072,0.0002413096,0.000100409,0.0001284173,0.0001909226,0.00007172806,0.003569],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983123,0.000049459184,0.0002745743,0.0006424577,0.00021625592,0.000504982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998857,0.00011937025,0.00014243809,0.0007680383,0.000049109258,0.00006403544],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009236482,0.00036423505,0.00038989467,0.0001235966,0.00016470095,0.00007897338,0.00048804103,0.00014094196,0.006852952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001873073,0.00035702778,0.00022106423,0.00016496028,0.00010850437,0.000032690394,0.0010879912,0.0012835609,0.000061395185],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009017987,0.0042149867,0.050165072,0.00081846246,0.0028723632,0.00031995168,0.0006199077,0.11165284,0.20794514,0.27605712,0.09846082,0.24597153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057680784,0.0008649067,0.009034058,0.00040824962,0.00075089064,0.000005540321,0.0014244925,0.040507153,0.28589743,0.5338397,0.11471247,0.006787004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020402524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004492822,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2577826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000109025335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001327945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998882},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281492790","doi":"10.32920/19852864.v1","title":"Electromagnetic FPCB micromirror based scanning laser rangefinder","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Optics; Flatness (cosmology); Collimated light; Radius of curvature; Aperture (computer memory); Laser scanning; Microelectromechanical systems; Curvature; Laser power scaling; Materials science; Physics; Optoelectronics; Acoustics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0153544554972884,"score_gpt":0.2640892187716755,"score_spread":0.24873476327438712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281492790","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8534283,0.00018633906,0.0505751,0.0035814014,0.0007138571,0.0010839211,0.00013059798,0.0016592606,0.088641234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.80279636,0.0000011075513,0.19290072,0.0002413096,0.000100409,0.0001284173,0.0001909226,0.00007172806,0.003569],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983123,0.000049459184,0.0002745743,0.0006424577,0.00021625592,0.000504982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998857,0.00011937025,0.00014243809,0.0007680383,0.000049109258,0.00006403544],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009236482,0.00036423505,0.00038989467,0.0001235966,0.00016470095,0.00007897338,0.00048804103,0.00014094196,0.006852952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001873073,0.00035702778,0.00022106423,0.00016496028,0.00010850437,0.000032690394,0.0010879912,0.0012835609,0.000061395185],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009017987,0.0042149867,0.050165072,0.00081846246,0.0028723632,0.00031995168,0.0006199077,0.11165284,0.20794514,0.27605712,0.09846082,0.24597153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057680784,0.0008649067,0.009034058,0.00040824962,0.00075089064,0.000005540321,0.0014244925,0.040507153,0.28589743,0.5338397,0.11471247,0.006787004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020402524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004492822,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2577826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000109025335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001327945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998882},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281695564","doi":"10.1364/ao.461154","title":"Calibration and comparison of detection efficiency for free-space single-photon avalanche diodes at 850  nm","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Calibration; Diode; Photon counting; Photon; Materials science; Avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Physics; Space (punctuation); Voltage; Computer science","score_opus":0.01777580637564601,"score_gpt":0.24890776297259465,"score_spread":0.23113195659694863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281695564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6640672,0.000032484302,0.3342858,0.000075788936,0.00005631844,0.00031819072,0.000031065672,0.00007610637,0.0010570298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9653876,8.2908025e-7,0.034439016,0.000007121178,0.000027597274,0.000056251123,0.000024904964,0.000015859188,0.00004081493],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931353,0.0000091353695,0.00018444529,0.00020057165,0.00012599715,0.0001663122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943715,0.00014674621,0.00013867597,0.00022843185,0.000024432378,0.000024586483],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000066214234,0.00010535431,0.0001814992,0.00003732916,0.00025846914,0.000015483984,0.000110423876,0.00003628495,0.000009690131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017754664,0.000108901615,0.000033237207,0.00012958416,0.000104788654,0.00003194647,0.00023989519,0.00012598472,4.6925825e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020471834,0.00045962795,0.0032959778,0.00004693124,0.000050305687,1.9262828e-7,0.0007258185,0.025065789,0.68778604,0.24382727,0.0001901544,0.038347185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064992864,0.00029196843,0.00008082066,0.0000048517836,0.000040916384,5.20037e-7,0.0016264969,0.11460912,0.84898895,0.03239459,0.0011169031,0.00019490568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009349568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005017749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30132037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005265847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007696514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4440879},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283027498","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1743523/v1","title":"Mechanism causing the spatial distribution non- uniformity of the prompt optical crosstalk effect in G- APD cells of Multi-Pixel Photon Counters","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Crosstalk; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Photon; Optics; Geiger counter; Photonics; Optoelectronics; APDS; Silicon photomultiplier; Detector","score_opus":0.026450117837087533,"score_gpt":0.3533939314580543,"score_spread":0.3269438136209668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283027498","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9593209,0.000019301708,0.03699335,0.00023120498,0.00019024704,0.0023090683,0.0007651823,0.000027426258,0.00014330297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989768,0.0000054652733,0.00066146796,0.0000019683396,0.0000348876,0.00014367078,0.00012370588,0.000024723817,0.000027298373],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972689,0.00040886537,0.00041379075,0.00043431923,0.0009270473,0.0005470347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99785316,0.0006657585,0.00022357279,0.00095217035,0.00025113835,0.000054175274],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014654656,0.00024158217,0.00043177497,0.00008779378,0.0002998128,0.00005610742,0.00070368685,0.00018048783,0.000044415778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036430632,0.00015267455,0.00023123651,0.00043754844,0.00084289716,0.000047446487,0.0033838945,0.002445979,0.0000016191968],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026272214,0.0061021256,0.08309895,0.007948795,0.0010522458,0.0001029326,0.005299066,0.09327323,0.6013838,0.13765617,0.00040405075,0.061051417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012904987,0.00049466424,0.012082133,0.0011957424,0.00004834098,9.2885665e-7,0.002141917,0.076382466,0.87165284,0.03413978,0.00015991223,0.00041076547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002442392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008236457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27026907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041890042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030439382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283158218","doi":"10.3390/s22124598","title":"Synchrotron Radiation Study of Gain, Noise, and Collection Efficiency of GaAs SAM-APDs with Staircase Structure","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; APDS; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Synchrotron radiation; Gallium arsenide; Absorption (acoustics); Semiconductor; Photodetector; Noise (video); Molecular beam epitaxy; Optics; Detector; Physics; Nanotechnology; Epitaxy; Computer science","score_opus":0.0044834486847830975,"score_gpt":0.2202989957527897,"score_spread":0.2158155470680066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283158218","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985765,0.000018227842,0.00078895333,0.000027526019,0.000031003223,0.00035089804,0.000030021187,0.000032901044,0.00014393538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989278,6.518714e-7,0.0010015024,0.0000020264151,0.00001148084,0.000005610702,0.0000064003366,0.000009871003,0.000034662637],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993357,0.000050433086,0.00014898562,0.00016670999,0.00017297213,0.00012520792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957275,0.000051906158,0.00014048142,0.00016604166,0.00005013079,0.000018714327],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049020957,0.00008848398,0.00016125519,0.00006651051,0.00014609487,0.0000049812957,0.000052236133,0.000016286727,0.000030224852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014594429,0.000077238474,0.00001631746,0.00035830188,0.00008035712,0.000030016368,0.0000654749,0.00013165678,1.1441417e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00077012496,0.00178148,0.27834484,0.00006890636,0.00028839643,0.000017420109,0.0071200095,0.6265094,0.03676169,0.008466191,0.00014005658,0.039731495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017520187,0.025173122,0.21093501,0.00010867548,0.0007383444,0.000053083168,0.23996843,0.12021844,0.3592451,0.023260461,0.0007023834,0.0020767455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018435692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011829744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.506291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035499146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019311487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31496933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283207974","doi":"10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795802","title":"Enhanced Photon Detection Probability Model for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes in TCAD with Machine Learning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Council","keywords":"Photon; Computer science; Diode; Technology CAD; Electronic engineering; CMOS; Optoelectronics; Materials science; CAD; Physics; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.02205427091636432,"score_gpt":0.25227880216072696,"score_spread":0.23022453124436265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283207974","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6114288,0.0003797696,0.38580775,0.00029921022,0.00019894028,0.0010159289,0.00012276157,0.00014205385,0.0006048229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929867,0.00014293674,0.005266917,0.00003733342,0.000052661082,0.0008646855,0.0001798429,0.00006059164,0.00040833902],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972277,0.00008373145,0.00048033538,0.0008778356,0.00047599096,0.00085440243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988878,0.00016051612,0.00032596168,0.00033753854,0.0002033078,0.00008487417],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005004022,0.00040542014,0.00043287876,0.0002042195,0.00042296844,0.00011680062,0.00049151864,0.00010490084,0.00010806683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049319457,0.00041217695,0.0001316257,0.0002596507,0.00011701596,0.00020870616,0.00026760166,0.0014211782,0.0000018618239],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009976084,0.00065661926,0.0006763198,0.000038104376,0.00026369072,0.000002524598,0.00042242612,0.2105759,0.19098575,0.5450793,0.0000065464524,0.050295185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014131677,0.0007727553,0.0000070714495,0.00002215061,0.00003563186,0.0000058686164,0.00030220006,0.7576947,0.08211176,0.15486507,0.0023445056,0.00042509128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009485349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051612145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54711884,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011110278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037171497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999833},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283653391","doi":"10.3390/electronics11132015","title":"A Multi-Time-Gated SPAD Array with Integrated Coarse TDCs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Single-photon avalanche diode; CMOS; Optoelectronics; Gate array; Diode; Photodetector; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Detector; Computer science; Optics; Computer hardware; Field-programmable gate array","score_opus":0.006926405952708606,"score_gpt":0.2229652572271983,"score_spread":0.21603885127448968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283653391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74643785,0.00089943677,0.24567282,0.0010585757,0.00012708476,0.00074949185,0.00009123971,0.0014697734,0.0034937465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9304337,0.000005049138,0.06711456,0.00007196563,0.000027281989,0.00003744013,0.00012982948,0.000049286766,0.0021308633],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988418,0.00004385473,0.00014308358,0.0002907657,0.00016990375,0.00051057833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994481,0.00004566674,0.00008445689,0.00031968602,0.000055826564,0.00004623449],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007385709,0.00018660333,0.00019840292,0.000053552703,0.0002592036,0.000026123056,0.00024636072,0.000029787081,0.0004174232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001321306,0.00015904833,0.00004795237,0.0004926307,0.00009692934,0.00006390673,0.000096963246,0.00072561024,0.000055534038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001113867,0.0033627164,0.0069277785,0.000017195012,0.0012932187,0.0001019584,0.0010572239,0.046942692,0.46470383,0.110542804,0.0077518024,0.35618493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041498435,0.0025105334,0.00013039826,0.00003278483,0.00014526998,0.00003385621,0.0018463798,0.064504236,0.203774,0.024826363,0.69644094,0.001605387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002614525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012091181,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6886892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018069758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014477414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6485803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283724353","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202243970","title":"ShapePipe: A modular weak-lensing processing and analysis pipeline","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Canadian Space Agency; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Compute Canada; Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Modular design; Documentation; Python (programming language); Pipeline (software); Computer science; Software; Software engineering; Source code; Open source; Programming language","score_opus":0.007577295475141447,"score_gpt":0.22092525445825187,"score_spread":0.21334795898311043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283724353","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40950418,0.00009140478,0.58965415,0.00013566049,0.000018819645,0.00008383588,0.00003149886,0.000073211064,0.0004072342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8697373,8.674569e-7,0.12995434,0.000020672669,0.00009153416,0.000014156323,0.00007055026,0.000020171836,0.00009039729],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878573,0.000035342327,0.00021813842,0.0004430235,0.00015563735,0.00036211143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994754,0.000034777222,0.00013614168,0.00022988976,0.00003755494,0.00008624351],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006987563,0.00022683255,0.0003375664,0.00011417245,0.0006393418,0.00009186798,0.0001240302,0.000021147363,0.00006554361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035441453,0.00023873635,0.00009617081,0.00052251347,0.00016998782,0.00020911086,0.0004569807,0.00035470986,0.0000017486313],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018029961,0.00007697236,0.015818248,0.0000043417904,0.00016024284,0.0000010749839,0.000079740414,0.00598933,0.00084310194,0.009093204,0.000015600675,0.9679001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007682961,0.0016575729,0.060792655,0.0001545722,0.0066725113,0.0000420742,0.04144161,0.45347267,0.012260338,0.15391825,0.2559846,0.005920185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003670433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.037918e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9619799,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035925663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024079185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9735386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285007518","doi":"10.3390/nano12142358","title":"Single-Photon Counting with Semiconductor Resonant Tunneling Devices","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nanomaterials","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Photon; Detector; Physics; Photodetection; Photon counting; Diode; Optoelectronics; Quantum tunnelling; Quantum dot; Optics; Photodetector","score_opus":0.06626781802954518,"score_gpt":0.30611971651978126,"score_spread":0.23985189849023608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285007518","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006685672,0.98955566,0.00010815887,0.000008253613,0.0007602582,0.0009067838,0.00027410177,0.000498927,0.0012021846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0022706548,0.97902954,0.015885243,0.0000281917,0.0010479107,0.00038556644,0.0006964995,0.0003409845,0.00031543837],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977305,0.0001222617,0.0007168211,0.0006463963,0.0002602705,0.0005237816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982303,0.00034450585,0.0007757323,0.00055560726,0.00004035598,0.000053491793],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002606912,0.0005589268,0.0017227529,0.00012279171,0.0002570148,0.00020841221,0.0004744375,0.00016116073,0.0012289239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052090643,0.00040308188,0.00020226641,0.00028213355,0.00010347106,0.00014428732,0.00036825688,0.00028413715,0.0000519177],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009561161,0.00006226784,0.000012405466,0.002000398,0.00017945636,0.000024821287,0.00002430781,0.0000012615692,0.0014909726,0.0013338684,0.00005568434,0.994805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000110294604,0.00006555331,1.7489543e-7,0.0034274315,0.00030804833,0.000018327592,0.00008193934,0.0000018874942,0.0020280448,0.00033859513,0.99308276,0.0005369396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004270476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013190305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99426806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016326265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014603224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998421},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286209951","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202100635","title":"High‐Resolution Time‐Correlated Single‐Photon Counting Using Electro‐Optic Sampling","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser & Photonics Review","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Detector; Photon counting; Photon; Ultrashort pulse; Optics; Physics; Bandwidth (computing); Temporal resolution; Dead time; Sampling (signal processing); Histogram; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.02278131939425858,"score_gpt":0.26712912402578315,"score_spread":0.24434780463152456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4286209951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94675696,0.02844655,0.018679757,0.0004941963,0.0005337263,0.0018198533,0.000088463195,0.00090234715,0.0022781447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89964765,0.0012476486,0.097273566,0.0007641335,0.00009864134,0.00014185722,0.00034617618,0.00015776808,0.00032258398],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99792194,0.0001045435,0.00052732095,0.00048985746,0.000348405,0.000607951],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988164,0.00014199172,0.00034817623,0.00053429144,0.000092903276,0.00006627606],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038587753,0.00029803382,0.00054631877,0.00007068935,0.0005557807,0.00005285547,0.00032538178,0.000052988544,0.0009984552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007022956,0.00031084524,0.00018991578,0.00075485656,0.00006598769,0.00015083497,0.00037253788,0.0007301631,0.00008651884],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025241708,0.0027059775,0.0010541409,0.0027905374,0.0013542552,0.00016791894,0.00021771656,0.21224709,0.53087616,0.12063281,0.0042358832,0.12346509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021172178,0.0007368017,0.000056192017,0.006069827,0.0017066216,0.00015826507,0.00019591502,0.55429083,0.08471862,0.04920994,0.29738095,0.0033588207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001045125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.757555e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44615754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004159376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000078395184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286571870","doi":"10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830315","title":"A 39,000 Subexposures/s CMOS Image Sensor with Dual-tap Coded-exposure Data-memory Pixel for Adaptive Single-shot Computational Imaging","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Image sensor; Dynamic range; Computer science; Pixel; Artificial intelligence; Frame rate; Image resolution; NMOS logic; Computer vision; Wide dynamic range; CMOS; Electronic engineering; Transistor; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.018202654168583847,"score_gpt":0.24485659533453707,"score_spread":0.22665394116595322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4286571870","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8766097,0.0013946902,0.09558055,0.010773901,0.0006612877,0.0033568516,0.003406442,0.0037480465,0.0044685206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99482024,0.000020438742,0.0029395048,0.00037239803,0.00011668725,0.00088729453,0.00039673428,0.00014433076,0.00030239264],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9950882,0.0001262455,0.00077496003,0.002222831,0.0004939927,0.0012937766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996888,0.00045600542,0.0005346635,0.001686965,0.000278921,0.0001554759],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004647825,0.0008825435,0.0010288833,0.0018412038,0.0019622035,0.000108217384,0.0012011634,0.00060945295,0.000094338895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009189599,0.0009065352,0.00011896008,0.0021477705,0.002696273,0.0004259832,0.0009603359,0.0022139442,0.000012238436],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000333241,0.0020923896,0.02411537,0.00012248124,0.0011743421,0.00045340537,0.00041447658,0.0021264625,0.3088089,0.4371898,0.0013355196,0.22183363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.026678318,0.017024413,0.0037538,0.0005922646,0.0026636464,0.0067258375,0.04946654,0.026436837,0.17109664,0.6507495,0.03475319,0.010059039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012773321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007889946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21355969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015864514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014142039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4290710177","doi":"10.1364/cleo_si.2022.stu5o.4","title":"Quantum Enhanced LIDAR using Nonlocal Dispersion","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Dispersion (optics); Quantum optics; Parametric statistics; Photon; Quantum; Spontaneous parametric down-conversion; Optics; Physics; Statistical physics; Environmental science; Computational physics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Statistics; Quantum entanglement","score_opus":0.01999141794384872,"score_gpt":0.2597811033457734,"score_spread":0.2397896854019247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4290710177","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91128445,0.00002438582,0.08503355,0.0005035805,0.000106939406,0.00012846984,0.000019852767,0.00009408693,0.0028046775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963415,0.000017504222,0.0033319313,0.00008404738,0.000052580403,0.000008315506,0.000019062152,0.000018152854,0.00012688401],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893034,0.00002937909,0.0001491177,0.00031920912,0.00017561077,0.00039634373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952716,0.00005345114,0.000072000876,0.00022724476,0.000043602457,0.000076552824],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059666683,0.00017840834,0.00020033591,0.000057499616,0.00042185182,0.00005272857,0.00015352076,0.00003901733,0.00012891713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001116182,0.00017165084,0.000049803923,0.00016561971,0.00013686196,0.000069485286,0.00016743112,0.00042892195,0.0000070057704],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014253844,0.00020270614,0.0003699297,0.000007956763,0.000046810906,0.000009373796,0.00011560328,0.0017135195,0.15751626,0.7915546,0.000103808445,0.0482169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011772094,0.0017378171,0.00007555242,0.000056182722,0.000082489016,0.000007962148,0.0033119263,0.658899,0.19445351,0.13738835,0.001891054,0.0009189233],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022044545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.4455957e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6571855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057691712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006025474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69997185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296694155","doi":"10.1364/3d.2022.3f1a.2","title":"Efficient Lidar in Foggy Environment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2022 (3D, AOA, COSI, ISA, pcAOP)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Remote sensing; Filter (signal processing); Computer science; Laser; Backscatter (email); Environmental science; Optics; Geology; Physics; Computer vision; Telecommunications; Wireless","score_opus":0.005830162173165032,"score_gpt":0.21595016633068106,"score_spread":0.21012000415751603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296694155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96128434,0.0009219677,0.019176364,0.0011642573,0.00069180643,0.00097206037,0.00018560534,0.000355869,0.01524771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853336,0.000021424843,0.013830527,0.00014921691,0.00008507601,0.0001958991,0.000043800374,0.00005967699,0.00028072973],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997677,0.000049106682,0.0004232902,0.0007335539,0.0004228708,0.000694157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989456,0.00019000354,0.00017016912,0.00055600243,0.000020252714,0.0001179933],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024671145,0.0003718891,0.00042186218,0.00017089501,0.00048432176,0.000112122085,0.00036898072,0.000043820364,0.00027669015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011859279,0.00040517986,0.000070466434,0.00026607816,0.0003797586,0.00004454059,0.0010707313,0.0007948103,0.00003347865],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026460877,0.0017518713,0.026360499,0.00007058724,0.00022522002,0.00017245211,0.0013306098,0.3181358,0.023413481,0.16087827,0.0012465025,0.4661501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011950812,0.0004578057,0.0043804618,0.00019479514,0.00045809575,0.00006766359,0.022385499,0.7258962,0.03444531,0.05867849,0.13554388,0.0055410312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035766694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001570091,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46060908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015515582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034093453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297097458","doi":"10.1109/icmts50340.2022.9898180","title":"Characterization and Monitoring Platform for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes in the Development of a Photon-to-Digital Converter Technology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalsa Corporation; Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique","funders":"","keywords":"Optoelectronics; Wafer; Diode; Photon; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Characterization (materials science); Avalanche diode; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Optics; Voltage; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.022701916491235163,"score_gpt":0.24683391641913935,"score_spread":0.2241319999279042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297097458","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9489811,0.000002652203,0.050158724,0.00016903238,0.000033967484,0.00033695568,0.000014144478,0.000043058328,0.000260346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9838306,1.2874122e-7,0.015957361,0.000011617876,0.000009288678,0.0001380423,0.000016498321,0.000007158372,0.00002933879],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994856,0.0000028364163,0.00016467176,0.00013250034,0.00007316194,0.00014122907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997592,0.000057147237,0.000048619804,0.000105725936,0.000019313844,0.0000100083325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006110715,0.000074995085,0.000110968234,0.000087004606,0.00009136419,0.000020721329,0.000119662654,0.00002143139,0.000007870831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012194754,0.00005732461,0.0000145399135,0.00018065193,0.000038811024,0.000080673344,0.0001476501,0.00008700265,6.350944e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000070023205,0.00023814263,0.08548207,0.00001827379,0.000036442118,8.552339e-7,0.002507473,0.000016217902,0.47424245,0.015511875,0.0000045752404,0.4218716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057998614,0.00019647235,0.003834186,0.00002632566,0.000006378564,0.0000027308486,0.010498971,0.00089614664,0.96868336,0.010574035,0.004483453,0.00021793968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002102336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.5284723e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4944409,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003191665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001323503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23376298},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297229431","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-33376-9","title":"Quantum and non-local effects offer over 40 dB noise resilience advantage towards quantum lidar","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Detector; Physics; Quantum; Quantum entanglement; Optics; Quantum noise; Dead time; Noise (video); Quantum sensor; Quantum imaging; Photon; Quantum optics; Lidar; Phase noise; Computer science; Quantum network; Quantum mechanics; Artificial intelligence; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.007996234002515768,"score_gpt":0.28952936379956046,"score_spread":0.2815331297970447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297229431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92182064,0.0065157562,0.04979672,0.0096154595,0.00061804935,0.0011390746,0.00023774133,0.0006348218,0.009621734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898367,0.000060167316,0.00960202,0.00022355738,0.000026870506,0.00008214868,0.000059669605,0.000024638028,0.00008422164],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889934,0.00011581185,0.00019048867,0.00029249658,0.0002230973,0.0002787934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975733,0.00048083736,0.00009596064,0.0017203256,0.00005917922,0.00007036324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013677073,0.00018170182,0.00021770656,0.00008169686,0.0007733403,0.000037566362,0.0010367134,0.00009292617,0.000035361994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000095470874,0.00017544889,0.00007019272,0.00037415195,0.00044565494,0.0001438252,0.0019318395,0.001787052,0.000009753644],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000087437846,0.0006408405,0.017507304,0.000027319478,0.00009238275,0.000011254741,0.00037302158,0.00038669305,0.008823253,0.9226874,0.0035402211,0.04582286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037875085,0.00095909636,0.24840246,0.00023725607,0.00031136262,0.000035737663,0.0068680826,0.14451237,0.016198492,0.2717141,0.30442008,0.0025534742],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006502197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014564192,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6509733,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007244141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051654337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7763951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297876414","doi":"10.1109/nusod54938.2022.9894805","title":"Electro-Optical Simulation and Characterization of DCR and secondary emission in SPADs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF; Ansys (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Crosstalk; Physics; Photon; Detector; Characterization (materials science); Avalanche photodiode; Optoelectronics; Optics; Single-photon avalanche diode; Transmission (telecommunications); Photonics; Computational physics; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.015125485251608275,"score_gpt":0.29899548422027705,"score_spread":0.28386999896866877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297876414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689569,0.000030662144,0.027895562,0.0005471861,0.00006397166,0.00021909057,0.000035794466,0.000030422229,0.0022203955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991788,0.000009832022,0.00047442425,0.000042237098,0.000027930626,0.000016209768,0.00016332627,0.000013583242,0.000073617906],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859303,0.0000702953,0.0004369294,0.00032567125,0.00036580983,0.00020824079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991465,0.00026242132,0.00029416606,0.0001266367,0.00012477371,0.00004546918],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015186514,0.00015741267,0.00026699097,0.00019202134,0.00008167196,0.00002399201,0.00016571302,0.000049547896,0.0008080388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004910207,0.00016353407,0.00004176176,0.0002713581,0.0000834896,0.00020471161,0.00017200729,0.00039021025,0.0000010680291],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00086425437,0.00059146644,0.04286464,0.000041142695,0.00012613209,0.0000025315371,0.00026010216,0.29900393,0.10166308,0.312797,0.0000044184208,0.2417813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068714574,0.00044844465,0.021228058,0.000029165365,0.0000131842835,0.0000010267764,0.0001212965,0.95893043,0.0054131397,0.012067063,0.0008780493,0.0001829695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019679517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001097819,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65992653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010449926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007317376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88474584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4300772807","doi":"10.1117/12.2633086","title":"Integrated photonic-electronic platform for real-time analog data processing in LiDARs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Lidar; Graphics processing unit; Ranging; Data processing; Stream processing; Computer hardware; Real-time computing; Embedded system; Parallel computing; Remote sensing","score_opus":0.02582827303531815,"score_gpt":0.28630305940269657,"score_spread":0.2604747863673784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4300772807","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8912711,0.00010013275,0.0773291,0.0008344731,0.000075773125,0.0012615261,0.00036945083,0.00089409883,0.02786431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96805024,0.000002102211,0.030658567,0.000026649423,0.000016373193,0.00006012751,0.0005726105,0.000022147418,0.00059116347],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890155,0.000009683422,0.00019635023,0.00035592366,0.000099277844,0.0004371907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937755,0.000065722474,0.0000657696,0.0004409422,0.000026598374,0.000023447199],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018005395,0.00012561695,0.00018305166,0.00008187254,0.00016806688,0.00003336856,0.00050663995,0.000025624211,0.00030670274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002485626,0.000113424314,0.00002956291,0.00040794318,0.000047796795,0.00021288758,0.00046914758,0.0003154203,0.000006278298],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002948621,0.0005452904,0.0025147828,0.000022514856,0.000078523655,0.0000072044763,0.00018776614,0.0026919765,0.030994918,0.1948676,0.0035360842,0.7642585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001969471,0.0004910108,0.0001655827,0.000037922942,0.000046817073,0.000004629432,0.004011792,0.61656004,0.016100619,0.29004934,0.069738716,0.000824018],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024373287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004652624,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76343447,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015431702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016683593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46253094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308024365","doi":"10.1088/1361-6439/ac9e62","title":"2D FPCB micromirror for scanning LIDAR","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Optics; Digital micromirror device; Materials science; Fabrication; Laser scanning; Laser; Physics","score_opus":0.007646639170390311,"score_gpt":0.21965997741225401,"score_spread":0.2120133382418637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4308024365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81660604,0.0008795388,0.18161291,0.00027312883,0.00040271538,0.00012986372,0.00004320773,0.00002958705,0.000023025275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89210796,0.000015554635,0.10763162,0.00003208868,0.000100858386,0.0000060465527,0.0000031265856,0.000032002197,0.00007072082],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922234,0.000008042145,0.00030328135,0.00012691443,0.00008318567,0.00025622078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951184,0.00005786663,0.00019737758,0.00010190555,0.00007257673,0.000058447342],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020973089,0.00013483388,0.00024954413,0.00014311579,0.00018498307,0.00003492411,0.00018483761,0.000023261304,0.000024877705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015123877,0.0001364874,0.00012245215,0.00011754459,0.000015210844,0.000079964186,0.00018196288,0.00032521712,4.32897e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026244506,0.000033582633,0.000033423144,0.000014433834,0.00006550826,0.000006412549,0.00009093724,0.0007031932,0.9804899,0.0067667807,0.00031765393,0.011451922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036569815,0.001143223,0.00009127662,0.0001987617,0.00021837468,0.00068621885,0.003966943,0.0090546785,0.77385485,0.035479154,0.17069815,0.0009513911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000031395177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.673498e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20663507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005552289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025096708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5565795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308244747","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2211.01871","title":"Spatiotemporal Calibration of 3D Millimetre-Wavelength Radar-Camera Pairs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Calibration; Computer vision; Radar; Robustness (evolution); Remote sensing; Sensor fusion; Artificial intelligence; Real-time computing; Geography","score_opus":0.04610759868423631,"score_gpt":0.1941306845764114,"score_spread":0.14802308589217508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4308244747","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.727577,0.000024046696,0.26786613,0.00010652674,0.00027218784,0.000317799,0.00018087104,0.00022844494,0.0034270284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904477,0.000019749092,0.0086277835,0.000010717263,0.000057556063,8.9413254e-7,0.00021669954,0.00002868022,0.0005902191],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986898,0.00008849047,0.00024651157,0.0006221831,0.00009886234,0.00025417542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986482,0.000111416644,0.00038450002,0.00071645697,0.000076772616,0.00006260607],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008833798,0.000273521,0.00038735487,0.0001844329,0.00012899842,0.000018637298,0.00046287416,0.00014912791,0.0005252483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020552476,0.00032472654,0.0001924384,0.0004171501,0.00021368786,0.0001375569,0.0010979447,0.0007015946,0.000006422887],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018913424,0.00060121814,0.08982074,0.00013854272,0.00066764787,0.00010391699,0.00024475338,0.3619994,0.0003201148,0.5173715,0.0006887492,0.027854316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016094767,0.0003138686,0.003481322,0.00015823606,0.00046327512,8.852614e-7,0.0023752383,0.48080358,0.007629475,0.49873006,0.0026711256,0.0017634681],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00054888154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008544861,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26287073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001310957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001094897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309156510","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1743523/v2","title":"Mechanism causing the spatial distribution non- uniformity of the prompt optical crosstalk effect in G- APD cells of Multi-Pixel Photon Counters","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Crosstalk; Avalanche photodiode; Photon; Physics; Optics; Photonics; Geiger counter; APDS; Silicon photomultiplier; Optoelectronics; Detector","score_opus":0.026450117837087533,"score_gpt":0.3533939314580543,"score_spread":0.3269438136209668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4309156510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9593209,0.000019301708,0.03699335,0.00023120498,0.00019024704,0.0023090683,0.0007651823,0.000027426258,0.00014330297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989768,0.0000054652733,0.00066146796,0.0000019683396,0.0000348876,0.00014367078,0.00012370588,0.000024723817,0.000027298373],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972689,0.00040886537,0.00041379075,0.00043431923,0.0009270473,0.0005470347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99785316,0.0006657585,0.00022357279,0.00095217035,0.00025113835,0.000054175274],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014654656,0.00024158217,0.00043177497,0.00008779378,0.0002998128,0.00005610742,0.00070368685,0.00018048783,0.000044415778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036430632,0.00015267455,0.00023123651,0.00043754844,0.00084289716,0.000047446487,0.0033838945,0.002445979,0.0000016191968],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026272214,0.0061021256,0.08309895,0.007948795,0.0010522458,0.0001029326,0.005299066,0.09327323,0.6013838,0.13765617,0.00040405075,0.061051417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012904987,0.00049466424,0.012082133,0.0011957424,0.00004834098,9.2885665e-7,0.002141917,0.076382466,0.87165284,0.03413978,0.00015991223,0.00041076547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002442392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008236457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27026907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041890042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030439382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311591667","doi":"10.1109/ipc53466.2022.9975766","title":"Temperature-compensated Biasing for Single-photon Avalanche Diode Sensors","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Biasing; Compensation (psychology); Avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Diode; Materials science; Single-photon avalanche diode; Detector; Temperature measurement; Atmospheric temperature range; Photodetector; Voltage; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Electrical engineering; Optics; Engineering; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.03336963069063312,"score_gpt":0.258006303832902,"score_spread":0.2246366731422689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311591667","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98853374,0.000063984386,0.0034882238,0.0004205316,0.0009053475,0.0009403079,0.0004876369,0.0004886428,0.0046715993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879913,0.0000065607524,0.010371415,0.00014430711,0.00007632866,0.00023931859,0.00018501736,0.00007372769,0.00091202575],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99755824,0.00010111233,0.00042812718,0.00074939075,0.00039023717,0.00077289453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998452,0.00031248946,0.00024217626,0.0007030515,0.00017257858,0.000117715485],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002597737,0.00040121432,0.0004910194,0.00013749955,0.0007556687,0.00015221987,0.0005775522,0.00010305496,0.0009015563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006621526,0.00042222618,0.00021747114,0.00046694544,0.00017861476,0.0001373172,0.00029320104,0.0008983328,0.000024672476],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019160882,0.00041672448,0.0010611578,0.000036091584,0.0001757492,0.000023077417,0.0005539702,0.005511401,0.949648,0.035684157,0.0015130662,0.005184986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018914347,0.000558931,0.00013305065,0.00005884509,0.0001338808,0.000027394753,0.0029033562,0.07770935,0.845872,0.038181547,0.031179858,0.0013503721],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008309346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008349208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10377602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021640144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015386623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999823},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311591726","doi":"10.1109/ipc53466.2022.9975661","title":"All-Fiber Quantum-Inspired LiDAR with &gt;100dB Noise Rejection and Single Photon Sensitivity","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sensitivity (control systems); Noise (video); Photon; Broadband; Phase noise; Lidar; Physics; Quantum; Optical fiber; Quantum optics; Optics; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.02135787989673706,"score_gpt":0.23612536001367856,"score_spread":0.2147674801169415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311591726","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98925644,0.000036876492,0.0049705114,0.00046198044,0.00023993474,0.0004769523,0.00011834866,0.00035463154,0.0040843408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952336,0.00001298978,0.003938202,0.00012525638,0.000037760103,0.00009475777,0.000058368212,0.000052654654,0.00044638733],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99788517,0.0001375788,0.00028223317,0.0007258732,0.00041699913,0.00055216806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987781,0.00016212292,0.00022133015,0.00058702537,0.00012605793,0.00012537149],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002655323,0.00035504828,0.00041037358,0.00011394888,0.0005189976,0.00011954329,0.00019756155,0.00007689894,0.000547947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026136175,0.00035158978,0.000083503066,0.0003855113,0.00026763577,0.00021912539,0.00031969,0.0007439349,0.000027177593],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009641501,0.0015597863,0.006297279,0.00006430159,0.0005278143,0.00023619797,0.0016056885,0.004600132,0.88170636,0.062952146,0.00091304677,0.038573124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004462319,0.002859048,0.0022544914,0.00016149276,0.0004419428,0.00020089341,0.0055612605,0.21685047,0.6438333,0.051992893,0.068151556,0.0032303706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059346686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009616021,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23787308,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018072138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012845302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311739881","doi":"10.1109/ipc53466.2022.9975721","title":"Time-Gated Circuit for SPAD-based OWC","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Bit error rate; Computer science; SIGNAL (programming language); Interference (communication); Electronic engineering; Wireless; Intersymbol interference; Channel (broadcasting); Telecommunications; Engineering","score_opus":0.02799319816931983,"score_gpt":0.2534126708966209,"score_spread":0.22541947272730106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311739881","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69825196,0.000120530094,0.2691231,0.0019594198,0.0015463972,0.0029835356,0.0019781867,0.0015962456,0.022440583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907044,0.0000016695418,0.0068631005,0.00021554025,0.000042383763,0.0003009342,0.00024481854,0.000052799187,0.0015743583],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818563,0.000052966596,0.00030469088,0.0005530547,0.0003144505,0.0005891986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871325,0.00024666925,0.00017758015,0.00062963896,0.00013721787,0.00009561596],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020419787,0.0002751913,0.00035784737,0.000101808844,0.000495466,0.00006622508,0.00060136634,0.000062994615,0.0035923617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041618787,0.00030117214,0.00017836069,0.0003623003,0.00018047728,0.00008336564,0.0001939941,0.00054137147,0.00009692047],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050342135,0.0016588864,0.0014880073,0.00009248283,0.0005558567,0.000045612745,0.0007202792,0.05288919,0.3126614,0.52898234,0.020776574,0.079625934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023767438,0.00060843374,0.000048052832,0.000030374482,0.000114811075,0.0000033265853,0.0009386877,0.5462531,0.17791528,0.13389477,0.1366356,0.0011808465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047208516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004450554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4933639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014331054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027813343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312555204","doi":"10.1109/pn56061.2022.9908322","title":"Compressed ultrahigh-speed photography enabled by a snapshot-to-video autoencoder","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2022 Photonics North (PN)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Autoencoder; Computer science; Snapshot (computer storage); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computational photography; Photography; Computer graphics (images); Image processing; Deep learning; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.006092692549961075,"score_gpt":0.21698658223069317,"score_spread":0.21089388968073208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312555204","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98100966,0.00022886774,0.0073662726,0.0005783944,0.00056133297,0.0012574665,0.0012350096,0.0006914928,0.007071495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98566115,0.000010086963,0.011419042,0.00077098387,0.0000460552,0.00029195225,0.00092028524,0.000089802,0.0007906634],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99707836,0.00009593225,0.00048477692,0.0008377311,0.00061154616,0.00089167885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982706,0.00019177435,0.00020326923,0.0010032255,0.000095635485,0.0002355521],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016609479,0.0004369807,0.0005289045,0.0002179672,0.0007053272,0.00009156621,0.00091178867,0.00006540719,0.0040943557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027763146,0.0004664397,0.000274528,0.0014464043,0.00014925718,0.00014525138,0.00075279875,0.0009884572,0.00005826177],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011699334,0.005462343,0.116061084,0.00010153891,0.002235811,0.00022040417,0.004390998,0.23518896,0.2220422,0.031186113,0.36011654,0.021824062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034588233,0.0008132146,0.0024310574,0.000028993963,0.00019640656,0.000011733932,0.0015849128,0.06246062,0.06273622,0.021103017,0.8428265,0.0023484915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006118944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000048165144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48270997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013299102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009234851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313051640","doi":"10.1109/lra.2022.3226068","title":"Picking up Speed: Continuous-Time Lidar-Only Odometry Using Doppler Velocity Measurements","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lidar; Odometry; Continuous wave; Doppler effect; Computer science; Distortion (music); Remote sensing; Trajectory; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Geology; Laser; Physics; Optics; Robot; Telecommunications; Mobile robot","score_opus":0.02948866818609483,"score_gpt":0.26048451066454076,"score_spread":0.23099584247844593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313051640","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8306771,0.000012400542,0.16732273,0.0011551891,0.000374565,0.00015147544,0.000012370123,0.00018632232,0.00010785907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9598587,3.508261e-7,0.03957834,0.00036930744,0.00009693976,0.0000022959398,0.00001550319,0.00002302324,0.00005554308],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887234,0.000049296188,0.0002433264,0.0002520833,0.00030710245,0.00027586403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950314,0.000057521116,0.00016791763,0.00018380072,0.000041543,0.00004605712],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001709845,0.00016182919,0.00021140483,0.00011043092,0.00043333982,0.0000942152,0.00013140727,0.000028425738,0.00008728951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000159326,0.00017424082,0.00005672161,0.00022555164,0.00008160222,0.00015254645,0.00012556804,0.0002328768,0.000011757541],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017724919,0.00016887442,0.08333859,0.000027661012,0.00025995332,0.00001148785,0.00035997783,0.6273142,0.25728607,0.003920315,0.0023599928,0.02493514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047376063,0.00025325568,0.035415035,0.00020506862,0.0004112002,0.00009065011,0.0014270215,0.89644957,0.047128,0.008130184,0.0029716946,0.0027806931],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003095379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.2302378e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26913536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010557786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022434626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7105335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320150341","doi":"10.1364/fio.2022.jw5a.16","title":"Interference Fringes from Non-Stationary Light Sources","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2022 (FIO, LS)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Visibility; Interference (communication); Optics; Contrast (vision); Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.006375563944363821,"score_gpt":0.22717718116082117,"score_spread":0.22080161721645736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320150341","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8395795,0.00017019712,0.15111987,0.0012095175,0.0021511957,0.00026930438,0.00013357565,0.00015558643,0.0052112387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8763523,0.000009272947,0.12288975,0.000083226194,0.00007405259,0.00005184527,0.0000270154,0.000018771741,0.0004937579],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99783295,0.00004063881,0.00030862034,0.00067895075,0.0005715985,0.00056722254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990369,0.00009842851,0.00014272133,0.0005471391,0.0000715088,0.00010331866],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032342004,0.00021875768,0.00026970523,0.00032835235,0.0006159863,0.00013278415,0.0012773293,0.00003692948,0.00025707044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000757358,0.00022588238,0.00006326137,0.0012172613,0.0006185066,0.00045252562,0.0012336815,0.00059983635,0.000017485005],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003112242,0.002100005,0.5354046,0.00003336998,0.00024352281,0.00020312131,0.010460654,0.14671941,0.02622941,0.08617045,0.033446018,0.1586782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016848753,0.0006792873,0.010455826,0.00011987763,0.000073153205,0.0000044705052,0.056276876,0.44208863,0.093718395,0.37133121,0.021476751,0.0020906518],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008878712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000059275912,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5249488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002182296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016157534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9211216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320157452","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4279237","title":"Calibration Transfer by Likelihood Maximization: A Standard-Free Approach Capable of Handling Non-Overlapping Wavelength Ranges","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Calibration; Maximization; Wavelength; Transfer (computing); Maximum likelihood; Computer science; Expectation–maximization algorithm; Statistics; Optics; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization","score_opus":0.00486295511993251,"score_gpt":0.19835662026360235,"score_spread":0.19349366514366984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320157452","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11787212,0.0005392282,0.8802174,0.00036897574,0.000060869417,0.00016578872,0.00004468369,0.000048236925,0.0006827055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99420947,0.00013225694,0.0053151976,0.000015164869,0.00009041775,0.000014664657,0.000038697992,0.00003021367,0.00015389541],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99797076,0.000058458634,0.0003128687,0.00021243497,0.00034987766,0.0010955998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995081,0.000038217713,0.000116910065,0.00022433374,0.00006953506,0.00004290807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054008566,0.0001583953,0.00026171067,0.00008247459,0.00043867226,0.00003983799,0.00032898603,0.00003976958,0.00005990049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017760252,0.0001541231,0.00010495817,0.00028167595,0.000055242766,0.00021261771,0.00009047133,0.0013332808,3.809114e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00068275706,0.0007488781,0.0026915744,0.000051592386,0.0010554143,0.0000030396536,0.0013850073,0.038676057,0.03695069,0.70493674,0.001092978,0.2117253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048831804,0.001034279,0.000023962524,0.000039506787,0.00015505466,0.000071681454,0.0157657,0.041208815,0.032299083,0.9022842,0.001588737,0.00064578804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004919481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009671791,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87633735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003858433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005783636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6284958},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320522336","doi":"10.1117/12.2650841","title":"An end-to-end adaptive neural network for process-aware snapshot compressive temporal imaging","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Snapshot (computer storage); Artificial intelligence; Compressed sensing; Convolutional neural network; Robustness (evolution); Computer vision; Data cube; Iterative reconstruction; Shearing (physics); Deep learning; Pattern recognition (psychology); Data mining; Geology","score_opus":0.02569190817558576,"score_gpt":0.31318840805224396,"score_spread":0.2874964998766582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320522336","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50869226,0.000023588918,0.47837946,0.0032504648,0.0004576155,0.00167801,0.00026715215,0.0022458122,0.005005622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9650611,1.2834596e-7,0.03399543,0.00012736837,0.00032109336,0.00008438092,0.00028288845,0.0000325322,0.00009504124],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871683,0.000015208346,0.00018302932,0.00039902682,0.00012694902,0.00055897504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992723,0.00015236504,0.000069736554,0.00027432886,0.00012250076,0.0001087892],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060503113,0.00019972326,0.00022354712,0.000056948516,0.00022120963,0.00006457871,0.00025903017,0.000032585704,0.00015240713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000138475125,0.000172311,0.000070380076,0.00039149457,0.00010333363,0.00023999494,0.00012024147,0.00016235521,0.000024408095],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039083936,0.0002612696,0.118075825,0.00003899061,0.00020099977,0.000040771913,0.0007413844,0.30082202,0.0017997132,0.16697678,0.035102457,0.37554893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073965505,0.00030448232,0.003926202,0.00005987928,0.0000368483,0.0000014587062,0.0055840136,0.78944415,0.006594301,0.19001822,0.0025659795,0.0007247824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006180597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012316593,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48862213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001733358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023773264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70266384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322576942","doi":"10.1109/lsens.2023.3249645","title":"Memory Conscious Machine Learning Method to Extract Time-of-Flight Data From Flash LiDARs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer science; Ranging; Flash (photography); Photon; Avalanche photodiode; Frame (networking); Converters; Histogram; Real-time computing; Detector; Artificial intelligence; Computer hardware; Optics; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.029249700242232304,"score_gpt":0.30192461022220674,"score_spread":0.27267490997997446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322576942","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9433081,0.000016820431,0.04825812,0.006037102,0.00030269063,0.00023865167,0.00041257846,0.0006131919,0.00081270305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.64359087,0.0000043788355,0.35074124,0.0009767732,0.0005380192,0.0000086637665,0.00078931754,0.00014004658,0.0032107052],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983336,0.00012515436,0.00030672803,0.00056827225,0.00023742062,0.00042887268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979865,0.00085341814,0.00013460743,0.00089627295,0.00003225552,0.00009697546],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002485601,0.00023669585,0.00037520775,0.00015998012,0.000108726206,0.00003660284,0.00057986553,0.00006466398,0.00014725812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000121495985,0.00022804427,0.00008213723,0.00044177,0.00012283822,0.0001281297,0.0003287755,0.00042431956,0.0015370537],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043012777,0.00004058269,0.001316334,0.0000070959354,0.0002038302,0.00008112735,0.0002847634,0.045818143,0.85146964,0.00004101184,0.052370828,0.048323628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011508538,0.00011120945,0.0010695315,0.00015457255,0.0001961819,0.0000061282494,0.0005500297,0.11856329,0.78330153,0.002280812,0.09131519,0.0013006682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018327255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029267978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3024831,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023230941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000126621935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99924034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322759372","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.12805","title":"JADES: Discovery of extremely high equivalent width Lyman-alpha emission from a faint galaxy within an ionized bubble at z=7.3","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"Fondation Merac; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Isaac Newton Trust; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Redshift; Galaxy; Equivalent width; Emission spectrum; Spectral line; Spectral resolution; Ionization; Metallicity; Astronomy; Ion","score_opus":0.09555446170723561,"score_gpt":0.2220455370712625,"score_spread":0.1264910753640269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322759372","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8665266,0.000024542736,0.13165827,0.00007185739,0.00038259896,0.0003392963,0.00027619308,0.00042415183,0.0002964865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903917,0.00003669553,0.005708126,0.000007683572,0.00011636973,0.000001983295,0.00038337603,0.000069435984,0.0032846513],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975423,0.000105686224,0.00042493202,0.0012899643,0.00017560204,0.0004615067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99745613,0.00020972616,0.0006101499,0.0014248217,0.00013278666,0.00016635623],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014002573,0.0005039411,0.00070863304,0.00019157173,0.00017853008,0.00006925176,0.0008832831,0.00033378793,0.000106000894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050602906,0.00051199953,0.00031145578,0.00036610948,0.00035493405,0.0003452407,0.0027053182,0.000651917,0.000054900545],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018934341,0.0013306789,0.09894386,0.00030044696,0.0016236926,0.00055551756,0.0011557253,0.4825164,0.043455843,0.3641613,0.0008327126,0.0032303547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017979783,0.00018460439,0.006891245,0.000843455,0.0003939069,5.3616196e-7,0.0013993239,0.054387297,0.037561297,0.8953693,0.00006320251,0.0011078462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002320743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008417693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.531208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003652711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012802404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323538073","doi":"10.1117/12.2654276","title":"High-resolution electro-optic sampling of biphoton states","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Temporal resolution; Photon; Physics; Optics; Quantum sensor; Photon counting; Image resolution; Quantum entanglement; Optoelectronics; Quantum; Quantum network","score_opus":0.016842730310896944,"score_gpt":0.26873814920729727,"score_spread":0.2518954188964003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4323538073","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8849545,0.000009932616,0.113471396,0.00021671594,0.000043923974,0.00007445974,0.000007126067,0.00040527052,0.00081668195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9507366,0.0000041814833,0.048976906,0.000005039925,0.000023099212,0.0000040600726,0.000033321914,0.000009407883,0.00020739388],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994329,0.000005670641,0.00013372091,0.00012672973,0.00007699131,0.0002239859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996458,0.000105446925,0.000043075026,0.00015306445,0.000033962133,0.000018606404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004715919,0.00007251928,0.0001169583,0.00006613516,0.000042324886,0.000008571648,0.00007626944,0.00002441434,0.000066301654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017797793,0.00006185543,0.000035418656,0.0003255489,0.000055797816,0.000049690792,0.00005927231,0.00007924865,0.00006827137],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014316272,0.00004341408,0.0021021029,0.00000942673,0.000044652195,8.638989e-7,0.000029548693,0.015947262,0.085809894,0.8723113,0.00055460364,0.023132646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002445032,0.0000992978,0.0018770997,0.000020560314,0.0000147561,2.227553e-7,0.00033119632,0.025044981,0.50643677,0.46483696,0.00091510516,0.00017855062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016824278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001239153,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42062688,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013530549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008339256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25223914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360615356","doi":"10.3390/s23073376","title":"Towards a Multi-Pixel Photon-to-Digital Converter for Time-Bin Quantum Key Distribution","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; CMC Microsystems; Université de Sherbrooke; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Quantum key distribution; Time-to-digital converter; Bin; Photon; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Chip; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Detector; Optics; Computer hardware; Engineering; Clock signal; Telecommunications; Jitter","score_opus":0.018246204223303596,"score_gpt":0.2729910662012249,"score_spread":0.2547448619779213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4360615356","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8441008,0.0000021113037,0.15222338,0.0010069121,0.00016543925,0.0004840866,0.00094284967,0.0006771278,0.00039732733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936554,3.1470748e-7,0.0043916423,0.000029195664,0.00007263094,0.000029437591,0.0003746736,0.000028315082,0.0014183967],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903446,0.0000077948835,0.00016585758,0.0002867271,0.000105212974,0.00039994434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947876,0.00009184501,0.00004245755,0.00023432466,0.00007304132,0.00007959165],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000052554868,0.00016023862,0.00018979964,0.000047801732,0.00009380794,0.000060418115,0.00012360586,0.000060729482,0.000027212332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011175518,0.00014670532,0.0001101436,0.00026932158,0.00007931382,0.00008129781,0.000097199605,0.00010199542,0.0009320648],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008046534,0.0011417728,0.006239315,0.00012259123,0.0007704549,0.000051160834,0.0019914806,0.0050888164,0.07607525,0.23899654,0.076895736,0.5918222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002324636,0.0003522198,0.0020258464,0.00008071571,0.000053190983,0.0000027384128,0.0014381733,0.7894565,0.057816245,0.060265146,0.08508589,0.0010987279],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017733724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.52593e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7843677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040176852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017933784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360862185","doi":"10.3390/s23073412","title":"Modeling for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Jitter; Photonics; Computer science; Photon; Single-photon avalanche diode; Diode; Popularity; Avalanche photodiode; Electronic engineering; Detector; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications; Optoelectronics; Optics","score_opus":0.24604594521040096,"score_gpt":0.4055719363122256,"score_spread":0.15952599110182464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4360862185","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011824794,0.99502397,0.0007151726,0.0001392058,0.0001593057,0.0014504686,0.00012513496,0.00016177387,0.0010424717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00082469033,0.99501604,0.0031627207,9.3220007e-7,0.0000972424,0.00007822045,0.00001879017,0.00009780651,0.000703539],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840677,0.00010734013,0.00038357844,0.0004307343,0.00023078246,0.00044082166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99830693,0.00086950685,0.00012606663,0.0005204068,0.0001340384,0.00004304807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038836556,0.00025978894,0.0008525955,0.000134438,0.0001359659,0.000028689214,0.00027941007,0.00013638643,0.0000016061048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021063208,0.00017907233,0.0002584246,0.000276012,0.00024419956,0.000027512988,0.000304853,0.00054185174,0.000019495576],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036013582,0.00002434651,5.307962e-7,0.0035798403,0.00010774236,8.660093e-7,0.000105733605,0.00037779045,0.0000050236986,0.0039475556,0.000039973344,0.991807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023920882,0.0001355037,2.1739885e-7,0.01568881,0.00027176552,0.0000035478986,0.00091580267,0.0116650425,0.0003331177,0.120175116,0.84994096,0.0006309249],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011863739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053069734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99117607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004588589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052185544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7302358},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4363648268","doi":"10.3390/instruments7020016","title":"Quenching Circuit Discriminator Architecture Impact on a Sub-10 ps FWHM Single-Photon Timing Resolution SPAD","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Instruments","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Comparator; Discriminator; Physics; Cascode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Detector; Transistor; Optics; Jitter; Electronic circuit; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Voltage; Amplifier; CMOS; Avalanche photodiode; Engineering","score_opus":0.03468954305460233,"score_gpt":0.28706428341166385,"score_spread":0.25237474035706153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4363648268","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915819,0.0000051556544,0.0026276284,0.00022284852,0.00018752977,0.0002126812,0.000042792166,0.00047144,0.0046479823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982651,0.0000010069461,0.0013063761,0.000027230402,0.00009463086,0.000020548934,0.00007254342,0.000037029422,0.00017556838],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856025,0.00003398357,0.00021706425,0.00038084184,0.0002602181,0.0005476573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932766,0.00007372119,0.00011062249,0.00037509014,0.000024794994,0.000088093875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000085955944,0.0002564593,0.00021540103,0.00018130182,0.00021848668,0.00007875315,0.00020983613,0.000083150044,0.00007737565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059024907,0.00021359145,0.0001283854,0.00037573214,0.000095961186,0.00014424347,0.00014532944,0.00036411846,0.00023584331],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013831482,0.00031583148,0.012532768,0.000030428146,0.00018517955,0.000036559402,0.00058314105,0.0038807688,0.09412335,0.017770382,0.0008285688,0.8695747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025850132,0.0013663347,0.033377476,0.0011272653,0.00012731834,0.000017648732,0.0011886412,0.013338179,0.42168158,0.5178409,0.005452278,0.0018973303],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012207807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035179062,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8676774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019472574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002450538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87100065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367692368","doi":"10.1063/5.0146174","title":"Single-shot extended-object super-oscillatory imaging","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"APL Photonics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Diffraction; Point spread function; Optics; Fourier transform; Image resolution; Physics; Wavelength; Noise (video); Spatial frequency; Shot noise; Limit (mathematics); Field of view; Resolution (logic); Region of interest; Computer science; Image (mathematics); Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Detector","score_opus":0.022646440532588224,"score_gpt":0.2684171104116671,"score_spread":0.2457706698790789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367692368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9624785,0.00011568813,0.0016132196,0.0004542833,0.00034246634,0.00020069089,0.000026356187,0.0013801658,0.033388585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994205,0.00000858434,0.005189184,0.000092447495,0.00006514,0.0000111452855,0.00002480418,0.000042360858,0.00036131553],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987582,0.000015550671,0.00018911164,0.00035165204,0.00017787707,0.00050763396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922156,0.00012330181,0.000050840812,0.00048570384,0.00005109092,0.000067487475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010604632,0.00018789947,0.00019516713,0.00009307416,0.00016437646,0.00005559734,0.00022972132,0.00004677947,0.00009554409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004667809,0.00018382387,0.000102027196,0.00045809938,0.00016422488,0.0001402918,0.00022693,0.0002524419,0.0003331254],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006254274,0.00063195266,0.050656408,0.000052738258,0.0002704011,0.00021269091,0.00059028075,0.0014015525,0.2514721,0.29414833,0.0135725215,0.3869285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014226272,0.0001845906,0.0059937565,0.00012412804,0.00008678507,0.000016397942,0.0033965118,0.04015922,0.35311437,0.36697385,0.22675672,0.0017710406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000030493924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000021513147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38515747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005597101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036296693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.749612},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376504594","doi":"10.1002/asna.20230069","title":"Scientific detector workshop 2022 on‐sky performance verification of near‐infrared <scp>e<sup>−</sup>APD</scp> technology for wavefront sensing and demonstration of <scp>e<sup>−</sup>APD</scp> pixel performance to improve the sensitivity of large science focal planes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomische Nachrichten","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; European Southern Observatory","keywords":"Physics; Large format; Optics; Wavefront; Avalanche photodiode; Detector; Interferometry; CMOS; Adaptive optics; Dark current; Pixel; Diode; Photodetector; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.011211717634715986,"score_gpt":0.2426560809558347,"score_spread":0.23144436332111873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376504594","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9633319,0.000044419576,0.034698565,0.00014745185,0.00012748677,0.0010752061,0.00021494199,0.00016398697,0.0001960832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97928196,0.0000059960466,0.02022309,0.000010648135,0.00008615246,0.000056653713,0.000069104724,0.000044725864,0.00022168475],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.996738,0.000081258324,0.0007656021,0.00091933087,0.0004999277,0.0009958373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996486,0.0012643719,0.0005832431,0.0010059683,0.00051984435,0.0001405755],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016255254,0.00042613165,0.00064298505,0.0005424394,0.00083105266,0.00012373332,0.00054912915,0.00022081884,0.0000019804409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009932062,0.0003701397,0.00014089208,0.001838665,0.0018743649,0.00051614514,0.0004921006,0.00051501935,0.0000150110745],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001849488,0.0004288032,0.046437122,0.00027741006,0.00030302463,0.0000018414338,0.0035224217,0.14579588,0.46823597,0.005373967,0.0006911409,0.32874745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00086092117,0.00049009325,0.018331325,0.0001398129,0.00008369637,0.0000039538727,0.0056373556,0.6375533,0.33530766,0.00034335558,0.0011012275,0.00014733664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023164883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000059106906,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49175736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010524481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033153314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377232485","doi":"10.36227/techrxiv.22997603","title":"Protocols for healing radiation damaged single-photon detectors suitable for space environment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Annealing (glass); Optoelectronics; Physics; Photon; Laser; Radiation; Detector; Irradiation; Optics; Materials science","score_opus":0.06868259399590851,"score_gpt":0.3219670195836882,"score_spread":0.25328442558777964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377232485","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009948768,0.0000071992063,0.9520118,0.00051721046,0.00016740934,0.036429863,0.00014765655,0.0005989163,0.00017113356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.21244925,0.000002836178,0.6969326,0.0000247319,0.00046394768,0.08476139,0.0006264894,0.00020485593,0.0045338734],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839103,0.000019662913,0.00034129465,0.00062372116,0.00013867342,0.00048561205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862903,0.00045397086,0.00025265812,0.0005621926,0.000043058706,0.000059101898],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023414298,0.0003110067,0.0004046403,0.00008435858,0.00017650756,0.00011087926,0.00024302071,0.00023010914,0.000027004946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012113765,0.0003032231,0.00021097437,0.000059885573,0.000055855588,0.00006440025,0.00039388673,0.0003266911,0.000014319232],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000679607,0.0012219853,0.0069352305,0.0021296204,0.001039735,0.0000018937162,0.00047784936,0.31579602,0.091222204,0.11024162,0.008051501,0.46220273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014638057,0.00041588978,0.0001325911,0.00029170347,0.000095622396,1.09715366e-7,0.00037284024,0.051128346,0.56863946,0.29676124,0.07973338,0.0009650346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010338675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000057311486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47741723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021718412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004224004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999942},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377233154","doi":"10.36227/techrxiv.22997603.v1","title":"Protocols for healing radiation damaged single-photon detectors suitable for space environment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Annealing (glass); Optoelectronics; Physics; Photon; Radiation; Laser; Irradiation; Detector; Optics; Materials science","score_opus":0.06868259399590851,"score_gpt":0.3219670195836882,"score_spread":0.25328442558777964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377233154","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009948768,0.0000071992063,0.9520118,0.00051721046,0.00016740934,0.036429863,0.00014765655,0.0005989163,0.00017113356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.21244925,0.000002836178,0.6969326,0.0000247319,0.00046394768,0.08476139,0.0006264894,0.00020485593,0.0045338734],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839103,0.000019662913,0.00034129465,0.00062372116,0.00013867342,0.00048561205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862903,0.00045397086,0.00025265812,0.0005621926,0.000043058706,0.000059101898],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023414298,0.0003110067,0.0004046403,0.00008435858,0.00017650756,0.00011087926,0.00024302071,0.00023010914,0.000027004946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012113765,0.0003032231,0.00021097437,0.000059885573,0.000055855588,0.00006440025,0.00039388673,0.0003266911,0.000014319232],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000679607,0.0012219853,0.0069352305,0.0021296204,0.001039735,0.0000018937162,0.00047784936,0.31579602,0.091222204,0.11024162,0.008051501,0.46220273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014638057,0.00041588978,0.0001325911,0.00029170347,0.000095622396,1.09715366e-7,0.00037284024,0.051128346,0.56863946,0.29676124,0.07973338,0.0009650346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010338675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000057311486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47741723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021718412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004224004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999942},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379232232","doi":"10.23977/jeis.2023.080203","title":"Optimization Classification Research Based on Laser Scanning Point Cloud Reflectance Intensity Correction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Electronics and Information Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Point cloud; Laser; Laser scanning; Intensity (physics); Optics; Reflection (computer programming); Light intensity; Materials science; Geometry; Mathematics; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","score_opus":0.037132782114901036,"score_gpt":0.3430582099721368,"score_spread":0.30592542785723575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379232232","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41601402,0.000015861204,0.5675608,0.0046658493,0.000803262,0.00021111801,0.000001911361,0.000095151525,0.0106320195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99611944,0.000037494803,0.0036933788,0.00007522656,0.000051236555,0.0000014493368,0.0000034616778,0.0000028880097,0.000015444019],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988563,0.00002276839,0.0002889879,0.00008662021,0.0004913278,0.00025401422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99838203,0.00010319182,0.00026886913,0.00012219614,0.0010710267,0.000052679698],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018372841,0.000060327602,0.000092507515,0.0005666878,0.00037784583,0.00015621846,0.00015209039,0.00002885083,0.000005311945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00049395656,0.000050037295,0.000023722001,0.0017659146,0.000249414,0.0021664083,0.000037928745,0.0003926096,0.000009151114],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021480996,0.000048385962,0.0012041826,0.000007664403,0.000006324724,6.562157e-7,0.00041280495,0.82959247,0.006529111,0.09119805,0.002718175,0.06806736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019177765,0.0002770058,0.0017370542,0.000043786637,0.0000025701759,0.0000029052471,0.0006774745,0.9814053,0.009715869,0.0043093036,0.00157243,0.000064475906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015571974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.0707635e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5801054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017700298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021966248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29061228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379927931","doi":"10.1117/12.2665686","title":"Advanced measurement of gas jet density using a wavefront sensor","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supersonic speed; Wavefront; Jet (fluid); Nozzle; Jet propulsion; Acceleration; Wavefront sensor; Tomography; Laser; Physics; Optics; Aerospace engineering; Mechanics; Acoustics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.04174861261375549,"score_gpt":0.27554631205861646,"score_spread":0.23379769944486098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379927931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91435933,0.00000648581,0.082997076,0.00017521148,0.00006693632,0.00012874995,0.0000043261366,0.00027576025,0.0019861183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92090434,0.0000010373068,0.078971125,0.0000075372586,0.000022830793,0.0000017806562,0.0000023164973,0.000011124707,0.00007790077],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918073,0.000012589218,0.00016946517,0.00017839597,0.00021790348,0.00024092992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994761,0.000033896995,0.00006331381,0.00025848387,0.00013382909,0.000034388475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010479538,0.00010878799,0.00018865422,0.00004957863,0.000054876196,0.000006630756,0.000080590304,0.000027311055,0.000039116847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004645328,0.000089581656,0.0000648006,0.00022148652,0.00007101777,0.000053406253,0.000116257725,0.00008103015,0.00003789551],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051429703,0.00014064062,0.023896938,0.000024911216,0.00014508876,0.000010451179,0.00009862573,0.006789428,0.8029078,0.047773253,0.00041376302,0.11774765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062977936,0.000069106325,0.004565927,0.00007093826,0.000040125356,0.0000011216918,0.0012536052,0.021906568,0.9153838,0.054827847,0.00091436185,0.00033678167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000087084205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000752635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11741087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004357366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019332429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3653034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380990075","doi":"10.3390/s23125638","title":"Backscattering Echo Intensity Characteristics of Laser in Soil Explosion Dust","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Laser; Explosive material; Environmental science; Impact crater; Water content; Intensity (physics); Soil water; Echo (communications protocol); Remote sensing; Optics; Materials science; Soil science; Geology; Chemistry; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Astrobiology","score_opus":0.01864301363261858,"score_gpt":0.25082433474070703,"score_spread":0.23218132110808845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380990075","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987218,7.4940186e-7,0.00019391885,0.00021938875,0.00010459442,0.000057837653,0.0000127028225,0.00013779818,0.00055124745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989749,0.0000036716806,0.00078209984,0.00001227393,0.000050211478,0.0000018458848,0.0000161679,0.000013942014,0.00014487372],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937385,0.00001098229,0.00018272847,0.00015274149,0.00007548018,0.00020421259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996128,0.00005757655,0.00005984848,0.00020651323,0.00003896492,0.000024277111],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005641668,0.000091810456,0.00018914208,0.00008819529,0.000025623509,0.00000695313,0.00007981538,0.000041649866,0.000022165179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004523942,0.000088061155,0.000039032915,0.0002732689,0.00007226528,0.000040823033,0.00013099707,0.00015709568,0.00010416038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014372861,0.0002796762,0.7431674,0.00008997939,0.000070563205,0.000100941725,0.0012421318,0.008212018,0.12932256,0.0024662283,0.0009561106,0.11394866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006671441,0.000074472686,0.32675397,0.00030269905,0.000019738462,0.0000014889043,0.003848373,0.016279222,0.63645786,0.014458923,0.0006019065,0.0005342232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038082566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000347885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5071353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016351301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000051864145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35910296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384820062","doi":"10.1117/12.2674076","title":"Towards quantum sensing and imaging: LIDAR and 3D scene reconstruction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer science; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Iterative reconstruction; Artificial intelligence; Geology","score_opus":0.012611497077398262,"score_gpt":0.2526739850722763,"score_spread":0.24006248799487803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384820062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9433372,0.000039921062,0.048539568,0.0015424911,0.000122065314,0.000068675945,0.0000028583347,0.00054468756,0.005802515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94529474,0.000010785741,0.054533597,0.00001715572,0.000045779292,3.8702072e-7,0.0000024145286,0.0000089157365,0.00008624978],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.999523,0.0000068750865,0.00008504944,0.00017856927,0.000044888246,0.00016163486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978554,0.000034475914,0.000023379762,0.00009933109,0.000023379549,0.000033902692],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047109315,0.00008039067,0.00009640515,0.00005173183,0.00009300722,0.000046217483,0.000021518776,0.000020359785,0.000012603548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018769966,0.000070498725,0.000012862874,0.00013206407,0.0001483615,0.0000957957,0.000093478266,0.000085062435,0.000011628939],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022081495,0.0000023386588,0.008682246,0.0000026852733,0.0000070885458,0.0000022010236,0.000024923782,0.0000030660449,0.0026831424,0.018336428,0.00006107371,0.9701926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007757417,0.000054344546,0.025579624,0.000100667974,0.00004093411,0.00006513113,0.0034795066,0.28255188,0.036026496,0.64689255,0.0037975723,0.00063555763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009230914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014684847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96955705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000067224933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000067291194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28748545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385191059","doi":"10.1364/optcon.494610","title":"A method to determine the M<sup>2</sup> beam quality from the electric field in a single plane","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Electric field; Optics; Transverse plane; Laser beam quality; Beam (structure); Laser; Physics; Holography; Field (mathematics); Quality (philosophy); Photonics; Measure (data warehouse); Plane (geometry); Intensity (physics); Computational physics; Laser beams; Computer science; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.029758311989014706,"score_gpt":0.3057585790681149,"score_spread":0.2760002670791002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385191059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9390429,0.000024840992,0.050627936,0.007385838,0.000052461466,0.0003488929,0.000025855405,0.00018587837,0.0023053698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9644955,0.0000018222256,0.034337845,0.0004610261,0.00018742256,0.000034813685,0.000016470773,0.000020087564,0.00044506235],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987826,0.00009385998,0.00028163788,0.0002810263,0.00015175247,0.00040916674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99628884,0.0030268084,0.000071289774,0.00053184765,0.000040243533,0.00004096589],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000397992,0.00015917786,0.00024013316,0.00005003578,0.00011154015,0.000080405836,0.00043273676,0.00006756556,0.00002968205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036617802,0.000100335266,0.00007102007,0.0006743667,0.000032910342,0.000044113018,0.0002516495,0.00036442385,0.000082545375],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020816775,0.00036333108,0.026067344,0.000010187575,0.00023848558,0.00004495379,0.0031562976,0.0063582426,0.11522063,0.03817071,0.011980326,0.79818135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028245428,0.00092229043,0.037422482,0.00023187646,0.00019790305,0.0000052948017,0.008172002,0.06880829,0.48921093,0.31585035,0.07447955,0.0018745087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004134902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009451807,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7963068,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022296337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001652432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40915534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385322464","doi":"10.32920/23796135.v1","title":"Into Darkness: Visual Navigation Based on a Lidar-Intensity-Image Pipeline","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Pipeline (software); Robot; Mobile robot; Remote sensing; Geography","score_opus":0.019119687391072046,"score_gpt":0.3103333646038856,"score_spread":0.29121367721281355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385322464","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.080823295,0.000003088621,0.9043022,0.003520772,0.0007062031,0.0005165698,0.000046519875,0.0020692442,0.008012134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88776183,6.665242e-7,0.11008751,0.00014250967,0.00032105256,0.00004054295,0.0007350007,0.00007169812,0.0008392078],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982248,0.00003202232,0.00036901276,0.00073554873,0.00029985537,0.0003387756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985483,0.00019385845,0.00017962446,0.00073908083,0.0002646464,0.00007448129],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014633771,0.00040096926,0.00046754998,0.00015290151,0.000117504336,0.00013112303,0.00031878115,0.00024133806,0.00009994324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011824751,0.0003601097,0.00019709868,0.00022006955,0.00017378574,0.00006394147,0.0008682555,0.0010870291,0.0005123342],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014500404,0.0041736066,0.014614704,0.0013072692,0.0008666347,0.0004591094,0.00072329695,0.10248775,0.028753813,0.19130586,0.0374814,0.6163765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006467724,0.00017101351,0.0007026319,0.0008879993,0.00008681296,4.788506e-7,0.00051560043,0.50782263,0.054664552,0.4323031,0.0011196045,0.0010788089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033476375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006471238,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8069385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099359735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000076696764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998851},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385323236","doi":"10.32920/23796135","title":"Into Darkness: Visual Navigation Based on a Lidar-Intensity-Image Pipeline","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Pipeline (software); Robot; Optical flow; Visual odometry; Mobile robot; Remote sensing; Geography; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.019119687391072046,"score_gpt":0.3103333646038856,"score_spread":0.29121367721281355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385323236","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.080823295,0.000003088621,0.9043022,0.003520772,0.0007062031,0.0005165698,0.000046519875,0.0020692442,0.008012134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88776183,6.665242e-7,0.11008751,0.00014250967,0.00032105256,0.00004054295,0.0007350007,0.00007169812,0.0008392078],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982248,0.00003202232,0.00036901276,0.00073554873,0.00029985537,0.0003387756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985483,0.00019385845,0.00017962446,0.00073908083,0.0002646464,0.00007448129],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014633771,0.00040096926,0.00046754998,0.00015290151,0.000117504336,0.00013112303,0.00031878115,0.00024133806,0.00009994324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011824751,0.0003601097,0.00019709868,0.00022006955,0.00017378574,0.00006394147,0.0008682555,0.0010870291,0.0005123342],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014500404,0.0041736066,0.014614704,0.0013072692,0.0008666347,0.0004591094,0.00072329695,0.10248775,0.028753813,0.19130586,0.0374814,0.6163765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006467724,0.00017101351,0.0007026319,0.0008879993,0.00008681296,4.788506e-7,0.00051560043,0.50782263,0.054664552,0.4323031,0.0011196045,0.0010788089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033476375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006471238,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8069385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099359735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000076696764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998851},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385366939","doi":"10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sm1n.3","title":"Single-shot ultrafast imaging with terahertz radiation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Terahertz radiation; Ultrashort pulse; Opacity; Single shot; Optics; Picosecond; Physics; Terahertz metamaterials; Multiplexing; Frame rate; Image resolution; Radiation; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Laser; Telecommunications; Far-infrared laser","score_opus":0.015492232771568748,"score_gpt":0.2448035297803586,"score_spread":0.22931129700878986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385366939","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82769287,0.0000062950585,0.075541146,0.0023743222,0.00009114117,0.00016516997,0.0000060336033,0.0018356984,0.09228732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99349904,3.6273002e-7,0.0058004665,0.000038268932,0.000055892906,0.0000039700835,0.000020231984,0.000012980246,0.00056876376],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995208,0.0000045670213,0.000070635135,0.00014357378,0.0000704416,0.00018997562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997452,0.000046539328,0.00002422573,0.00013999631,0.000020035037,0.000024004978],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022551,0.000077495104,0.000069152324,0.000045300305,0.00005914114,0.000036897003,0.00006132768,0.000010957231,0.00007229588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006897387,0.00005800177,0.000018393652,0.00026604722,0.00005090384,0.00011896253,0.00002442399,0.000067063345,0.00011486965],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010522912,0.0000519014,0.07091787,0.000002387489,0.000024929808,0.000007613282,0.00007703343,0.0005837197,0.044472046,0.03446917,0.0008809661,0.84850186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00197347,0.00023636947,0.036845278,0.000089720765,0.000052180887,0.000008192734,0.004157291,0.030199103,0.7794443,0.06994326,0.0757819,0.001268991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018823517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014139581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8472329,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013646624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000055768323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23652434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385416335","doi":"10.1364/optica.495041","title":"Diffraction-gated real-time ultrahigh-speed mapping photography","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optica","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Cancer Society","keywords":"Optics; Diffraction; Photography; Computer science; Laser; Shutter; High-speed photography; Frame rate; Femtosecond; Computational photography; Materials science; Physics; Computer vision; Image processing","score_opus":0.012642077917783394,"score_gpt":0.24759369150536778,"score_spread":0.23495161358758437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385416335","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9119602,0.0000042528754,0.0032712282,0.0007850518,0.00017490963,0.00023325463,0.000022502934,0.0020871775,0.081461415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98215306,0.000014801821,0.016074337,0.000016587297,0.00010748973,0.0000070344513,0.00006918022,0.00003259269,0.0015249094],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898696,0.000014447476,0.00018214736,0.00028202578,0.0001394409,0.00039498883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992995,0.00018039731,0.000062185085,0.0003375744,0.00004987761,0.000070460424],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000062078776,0.00015704246,0.00018930067,0.00014795474,0.00016071509,0.000050285587,0.0001561867,0.00006288166,0.00032960612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031553653,0.00014755144,0.00010025618,0.00088315003,0.00012641615,0.000108650165,0.000075303105,0.00018921691,0.0014573053],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045438817,0.00025725365,0.008523673,0.000018720893,0.0003599199,0.00004150132,0.00027233383,0.0010791697,0.85584795,0.07997742,0.008642307,0.04493431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004805717,0.0005237721,0.1320792,0.0004913316,0.00032729885,0.000015349926,0.005722309,0.10648847,0.2999726,0.276432,0.16851677,0.004625175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007724287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.1443625e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55587536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016620004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011213225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99932015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385492139","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.131.053803","title":"Super Interferometric Range Resolution","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Australian Research Council; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Government of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Chapman University","keywords":"Physics; Resolution (logic); Interferometry; Optics; Range (aeronautics); Amplitude; Bandwidth (computing); Interference (communication); Limit (mathematics); Measure (data warehouse); Rayleigh scattering; Figure of merit; Dynamic range; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.026382826813118057,"score_gpt":0.3087249733843237,"score_spread":0.28234214657120565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385492139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9597537,0.0013971621,0.011507513,0.023882205,0.00018043534,0.00047058272,0.000013845869,0.0008807116,0.0019138375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99673486,0.0003318265,0.0006916604,0.0019234391,0.0002056309,0.00003582957,0.000021955897,0.00001938351,0.00003540458],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991259,0.000033114422,0.0001487978,0.00023263243,0.00016046713,0.00029908944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994146,0.00018449183,0.000041504965,0.000291406,0.000021341399,0.00004664516],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008569179,0.00013291153,0.0002659278,0.000083709114,0.000053177508,0.000014948798,0.0001766231,0.0000062598015,0.000050716688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009282939,0.000108003915,0.00015412507,0.0012186015,0.00008544427,0.00010512435,0.0001228778,0.00019224713,0.0013730505],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037115205,0.0006168744,0.015295601,0.0013908717,0.00035487284,0.000051063736,0.000262641,0.0011416706,0.07939394,0.13966647,0.30525047,0.4565384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00425899,0.0007694098,0.08341354,0.013702473,0.00127103,0.000010712423,0.00040549654,0.055970527,0.020495983,0.2098255,0.6034806,0.0063957656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008003741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.736484e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45014265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026508322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036376587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385696429","doi":"10.1109/tim.2023.3302936","title":"Autonomous Multiframe Point Cloud Fusion Method for mmWave Radar","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Point cloud; Computer science; Radar imaging; Computer vision; Radar engineering details; Frame (networking); Continuous-wave radar; Radar tracker; Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Pulse-Doppler radar; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.04248651042750186,"score_gpt":0.30573540885394357,"score_spread":0.2632488984264417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385696429","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.027653014,0.0000037745199,0.96962535,0.0010277053,0.00056009874,0.00055916584,0.000045807585,0.00028351034,0.00024158378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8960908,0.000008476326,0.103477396,0.00008665977,0.000042584954,0.00012628382,0.000012208999,0.000018226427,0.00013736855],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990359,0.00003120553,0.00021918672,0.000265407,0.00022991297,0.00021841998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957645,0.00006821883,0.00006218651,0.0001464791,0.00008172869,0.00006496196],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002637103,0.0001461238,0.00014206176,0.0001180795,0.00027197425,0.0000359585,0.00005282643,0.000047611167,0.000053306838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000530721,0.00013901832,0.000080516445,0.00017076661,0.00004277747,0.00009497544,0.0000017201256,0.00012844353,0.000023582816],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007706395,0.00012799223,0.000014892582,0.000014800363,0.000084367864,3.9672983e-7,0.00028171405,0.0021598905,0.045875862,0.0035402912,0.00023802403,0.9475847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003864066,0.00048201796,0.00034368667,0.00009265271,0.0001483186,0.0000024091626,0.0036385707,0.053731315,0.9048412,0.026145156,0.0061935177,0.0005171254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000047431386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011376435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94706756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010348066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026282538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56690025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385757487","doi":"10.1109/jstqe.2023.3304294","title":"Single Photon Detectors for Automotive LiDAR Applications: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; Automotive industry; Detector; Computer science; Photon counting; Remote sensing; Focus (optics); Range (aeronautics); Aerospace engineering; Optics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.04327844186962409,"score_gpt":0.3263186391719398,"score_spread":0.2830401973023157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385757487","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99061954,0.001223806,0.0062493496,0.0012515592,0.00009942118,0.00044394948,0.0000064445508,0.00003697736,0.000068938076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967995,0.00071761437,0.0022480215,0.000006008474,0.00010806355,0.00002718088,0.0000013700047,0.000021586318,0.00007059776],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986766,0.00007785152,0.00039262025,0.00016295674,0.00025153602,0.00043844857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99812704,0.0005414246,0.00024069802,0.00018770501,0.0008656882,0.000037450573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005013674,0.00011299337,0.00024787293,0.00024761588,0.000106880376,0.000020091078,0.00027604593,0.00006833297,0.0000011204894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030581502,0.00009162512,0.00006274738,0.0010249271,0.00015681544,0.00008410041,0.000051770854,0.00070295995,0.000001099057],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039639368,0.0009943377,0.0040486576,0.00027939075,0.00046951385,0.000008688105,0.0023452777,0.0025155256,0.21475883,0.14375515,0.0009495767,0.62947863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060154847,0.00090502755,0.001247239,0.000111368056,0.000020522995,0.0000060234784,0.00037590056,0.0035918662,0.44503114,0.53431195,0.013641678,0.00015576601],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000033621318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026736141,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6293229,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013950391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019025031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37363642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385834970","doi":"10.3390/photonics10080933","title":"Experimental Characterization of Separate Absorption–Multiplication GaAs Staircase Avalanche Photodiodes under Continuous Laser Light Reveals Periodic Oscillations at High Gains","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photonics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; APDS; Laser; Optics; Absorption (acoustics); Transimpedance amplifier; Optoelectronics; Physics; Amplifier; Bandwidth (computing); Impact ionization; Materials science; Ionization; Detector; Operational amplifier; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.021024395587287158,"score_gpt":0.2848335972936512,"score_spread":0.26380920170636407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385834970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99536204,0.000017822169,0.002698058,0.00031589266,0.000103215505,0.00043608426,0.00021425483,0.0003080311,0.0005446229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970261,0.000017410392,0.001298695,0.000035158468,0.000035776782,0.000083181956,0.0006551966,0.000031918476,0.0008165741],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988629,0.000033548866,0.00033472202,0.0003141371,0.00017780614,0.0002768634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912256,0.0000660538,0.0002364141,0.00040214736,0.00011533739,0.00005751004],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000089473986,0.00018251278,0.00025517074,0.000093699,0.00020619917,0.000034600936,0.00012363672,0.00008050525,0.00020115056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018993556,0.00018075951,0.00008332922,0.0003613877,0.000113908885,0.00014881483,0.00012573892,0.00011223917,0.00018004584],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027438737,0.00009751357,0.0031374267,0.000008262402,0.000035522542,0.0000012724748,0.00023566792,0.000896426,0.98898864,0.0061139767,0.00014916054,0.0003087236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005499014,0.000053082098,0.010989428,0.000029058514,0.000025992154,0.0000013403833,0.00042055265,0.008432596,0.97436154,0.0031804617,0.0017026461,0.00025339765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023662875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002660471,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014627065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011865769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028302366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7371159},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386076361","doi":"10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01189","title":"Polarimetric iToF: Measuring High-Fidelity Depth Through Scattering Media","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"Samsung","keywords":"Polarimetry; Scattering; Computer science; Polarization (electrochemistry); Multipath interference; Optics; Backscatter (email); Remote sensing; Physics; Multipath propagation; Geology; Telecommunications; Channel (broadcasting)","score_opus":0.04785552597298667,"score_gpt":0.2780888077275584,"score_spread":0.23023328175457172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386076361","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84340906,0.00003389199,0.13432029,0.0008753754,0.00039100795,0.00013920397,0.000011056051,0.0020312578,0.01878888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.951775,0.0000031023112,0.047852825,0.00003906135,0.00016365488,0.0000045648885,0.000016093532,0.000022389755,0.00012326974],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988762,0.00001520157,0.0002012854,0.00029338567,0.00020098762,0.00041293298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992954,0.00020393149,0.000047144258,0.00035811058,0.000046597008,0.000048804668],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011109107,0.00014971753,0.0001884579,0.00011104133,0.00012965463,0.000046010875,0.00021813528,0.000051166033,0.000098417506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000112088914,0.00013187794,0.00006507767,0.000985003,0.00008325437,0.00020618507,0.00029316283,0.00021352197,0.00047290776],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017787619,0.0001432547,0.15341681,0.00003044902,0.00020179336,0.000023012915,0.00023450966,0.0016328254,0.042717434,0.48415342,0.0026026554,0.31482604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006712957,0.000036008714,0.22151528,0.000057197234,0.000042088515,0.0000014729179,0.0010524262,0.001093846,0.2452958,0.52659667,0.0028497446,0.00078817125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011318136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020722659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31403786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035673234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013323261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60784304},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386427695","doi":"10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232504","title":"Monolithically Integrated Waveguide-Coupled Single-Photon Avalanche Photodetector in a Visible-Light Silicon Photonics Platform","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Waveguide; Optoelectronics; Photonics; Photodetector; Physics; Silicon photonics; Quantum efficiency; Silicon; Photon; Diode; Silicon nitride; Lambda; Optics","score_opus":0.021358048043516497,"score_gpt":0.25662694018536625,"score_spread":0.23526889214184976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386427695","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9759959,0.000014103196,0.003178968,0.0004259421,0.00014798967,0.0005467554,0.000016858798,0.0014348961,0.018238593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99029624,0.000007828513,0.008514416,0.000092006725,0.00003362574,0.000069956695,0.00006173174,0.00006137366,0.00086282025],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99765635,0.000028156053,0.0005956817,0.00061131647,0.00027775252,0.0008307497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998759,0.00025907333,0.00012177043,0.0006235803,0.0001141256,0.00012247077],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028836526,0.00039057148,0.00049843424,0.00032773725,0.00009704346,0.00009640331,0.00039113805,0.00025027877,0.00041009352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015753231,0.00032210106,0.00014783556,0.0015063934,0.00012022484,0.00021191458,0.00024491534,0.00070888456,0.00039887746],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020364499,0.00051891065,0.0053996677,0.00003597553,0.00014831718,0.00007813545,0.00047594673,0.0008061801,0.9138197,0.034550127,0.00071219436,0.043251242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014545976,0.00020254063,0.001325594,0.00011784233,0.000019691282,0.000002589408,0.0010838467,0.2502656,0.69987315,0.039985,0.004981997,0.00068752305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044586897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010805693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24945943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018778174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074522846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999231},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386454388","doi":"10.1364/quantum.2023.qw3a.2","title":"Time-bin Encoded Photons over Multi-mode Channels: Advances on Quantum Communications and Sensing Over Free-space Channels","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Department of National Defence; Defence Research and Development Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Bin; Quantum channel; Photon; Computer science; Free space; Physics; Quantum; Quantum information science; Encoding (memory); Free-space optical communication; Space (punctuation); Quantum information; Optics; Quantum entanglement; Optical communication; Quantum mechanics; Algorithm","score_opus":0.029660276285552827,"score_gpt":0.3138398958417479,"score_spread":0.28417961955619503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386454388","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90447265,0.00035903236,0.07036121,0.007529147,0.00059703377,0.0011387928,0.00028403432,0.0030525788,0.012205522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669103,0.0001031339,0.030897848,0.00012479779,0.00007215388,0.000014361538,0.000043388925,0.000046302688,0.0017877135],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987183,0.00004834507,0.00021883458,0.00039962816,0.00016329475,0.0004515552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981478,0.00049579033,0.00009688644,0.0011194667,0.000051015853,0.000089035006],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101690945,0.00026063996,0.00028928358,0.00013866893,0.00033889935,0.00007437953,0.00036357378,0.00008679351,0.00007352257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080811355,0.00023236604,0.000074979966,0.00041072862,0.0003882734,0.00024591645,0.0006445984,0.000319855,0.00015300878],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019906242,0.0012160176,0.0018633713,0.00008073368,0.00056426885,0.00003595015,0.0036365797,0.021110425,0.1671271,0.6541259,0.015652701,0.13438787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010518441,0.000104287006,0.00014195208,0.00012050589,0.000026850796,0.0000011821926,0.001304226,0.8791048,0.030654594,0.075868495,0.011073715,0.0005475439],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020291955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000034421384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8579944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003369267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015633708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9475612},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386523584","doi":"10.1109/usnc-ursi52151.2023.10237683","title":"UAV Classification Utilizing Radar Digital Twins","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Radar; Computer science; Identification (biology); CAD; Secondary surveillance radar; Radar engineering details; Radar configurations and types; Real-time computing; Radar lock-on; Radar tracker; Radar imaging; Artificial intelligence; Remote sensing; Engineering; Telecommunications; Geography","score_opus":0.039358687372320025,"score_gpt":0.28507812436940205,"score_spread":0.24571943699708204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386523584","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5306301,0.0000054563093,0.11689662,0.0022283632,0.00015695777,0.00016755813,0.000020010963,0.0027055508,0.34718934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99315,6.1180657e-7,0.005211327,0.0000122273605,0.00004808037,0.0000030927645,0.00003233461,0.0000096183185,0.001532707],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995296,0.000002513364,0.00008811569,0.00014074854,0.000069858936,0.00016917828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970496,0.00005255898,0.000021747263,0.00017896757,0.000017533554,0.000024224852],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000021288606,0.000064121545,0.00006456975,0.000037670514,0.00006114548,0.0000507953,0.00008495079,0.000022250555,0.0000559408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020314585,0.000054912256,0.000033774435,0.00025175163,0.000051755756,0.00015274194,0.00007002346,0.00007418864,0.0006594898],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000019500171,0.000023075514,0.009297145,0.0000013062543,0.000012831821,0.0000011389703,0.000020837479,0.000018117473,0.004001255,0.7101084,0.002010395,0.27450356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00065955083,0.000072805626,0.043437306,0.00003426767,0.00002024627,0.0000011863631,0.008990579,0.02404342,0.035165552,0.75008833,0.13672113,0.0007656145],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000049499167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5609097e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46251988,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001104543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000067801725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8476627},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386536403","doi":"10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","title":"Time-Controlled SPAD Receivers in Optical Wireless Communication System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE photonics journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Computer science; Electronic engineering; Intersymbol interference; Bit error rate; Optical communication; Optical wireless; Burst mode (computing); Sleep mode; Free-space optical communication; Wireless; Real-time computing; Power (physics); Physics; Engineering; Telecommunications; Decoding methods","score_opus":0.010410787167645666,"score_gpt":0.25042031435025325,"score_spread":0.2400095271826076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386536403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98750514,0.0000415295,0.002957785,0.00065540813,0.0002694751,0.00026103365,0.000005246643,0.00025758345,0.008046805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994259,0.00004046232,0.005400425,0.000011233505,0.000049404207,0.000013033948,0.000005432596,0.000021716207,0.00019926949],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878144,0.00008651354,0.00039064532,0.0001593116,0.00020757732,0.000374484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990253,0.00029577137,0.00017057476,0.0003371998,0.000087003675,0.00008414186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051687675,0.00014548207,0.00036568238,0.0001676196,0.00018812806,0.00008075757,0.00036915464,0.00008076147,0.000038026617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003781418,0.00012880769,0.00012240981,0.00040012415,0.00012709512,0.00014554102,0.000073990945,0.00071567274,0.0002963952],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0034555094,0.0014856139,0.012321108,0.00013488917,0.0016964918,0.00095648936,0.003197539,0.2444973,0.14153995,0.38434336,0.013869399,0.19250236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013174491,0.0001670386,0.00093029934,0.000715291,0.000110072266,0.00010070928,0.005206398,0.9142541,0.023860788,0.03855631,0.0020721313,0.0008523563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012936971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002356034,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6697568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018029098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059771006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52526253},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386627082","doi":"10.1364/oe.500169","title":"Very low excess noise Al<sub>0.75</sub>Ga<sub>0.25</sub>As<sub>0.56</sub>Sb<sub>0.44</sub> avalanche photodiode","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Microsemi (Canada); TRIUMF","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Engineering Research Network Wales","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; APDS; Electric field; Materials science; Impact ionization; Ionization; Noise (video); Optoelectronics; Electron; Diode; Optics; Photodiode; Physics; Atomic physics; Ion; Detector; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.01182254352854493,"score_gpt":0.2458538172975426,"score_spread":0.23403127376899768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386627082","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775112,0.00031285785,0.010574429,0.0006920855,0.0017925493,0.0016195857,0.0005494044,0.0027772824,0.0041705496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927249,0.0009721403,0.0028280637,0.0004475369,0.0012128369,0.00046162022,0.0006479406,0.0006026487,0.00010233132],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.989733,0.00030071143,0.0018493328,0.002817263,0.0017805658,0.003519151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928633,0.0011415419,0.0009528297,0.0034130355,0.0006582626,0.0009710058],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007630277,0.0020631019,0.0020073007,0.00076082634,0.0010862711,0.00076199305,0.0022323304,0.001028984,0.000045611774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005074125,0.0022173845,0.001107196,0.0022200458,0.0012993014,0.0012160633,0.0021421,0.0025039678,0.0028824364],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022056699,0.00070956646,0.0007584709,0.00018482661,0.00047247362,0.00032853332,0.00035960146,0.006253855,0.94914573,0.0038813814,0.009190508,0.028494475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023725997,0.00026861954,0.00072767586,0.0006280468,0.0003184918,0.000028143013,0.0006383126,0.008050648,0.9670912,0.015179326,0.0021271533,0.002569811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000041837295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019027926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025924664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042199332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033517272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386757606","doi":"10.1063/5.0157141","title":"Real-time laser spot detection and tracking system based on parallel multi-target detection and determination algorithm","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Scientific Instruments","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Field-programmable gate array; Software portability; Robustness (evolution); Laser; Actuator; Process (computing); Frame rate; Algorithm; Real-time computing; Computer hardware; Artificial intelligence; Optics","score_opus":0.016465551097462616,"score_gpt":0.26843175408217673,"score_spread":0.2519662029847141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386757606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9782846,0.000074245974,0.020133618,0.000036331767,0.00034363914,0.00064461667,0.000033251552,0.00022762835,0.00022208513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9763722,0.00013516865,0.023337504,0.0000048040797,0.000016966875,0.000022261564,0.000023712844,0.00001232499,0.00007506788],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892336,0.000049298178,0.00028005446,0.00034090242,0.00021815598,0.00018825252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943525,0.00004395271,0.00018722044,0.00021002078,0.00008003353,0.000043532633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045026417,0.00013260133,0.00022727718,0.00015866722,0.00023056092,0.000060014518,0.000069210866,0.00004302786,0.000007275808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000410316,0.00011812393,0.000047177455,0.0004432727,0.00013257716,0.00017263355,0.000049776227,0.00008729914,0.000025797206],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004071933,0.0000242958,0.00025321406,0.00054415147,0.0000066643947,8.1021085e-7,0.00000868517,0.00002033596,0.013733158,0.000024222412,0.0000025583997,0.98537785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068857236,0.00010269185,0.004127013,0.004407044,0.000053195436,0.0000030095075,0.00010600009,0.8573312,0.13225259,0.00033871556,0.00034760448,0.00024235729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011497396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.756866e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9851355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050968065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010361927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48169538},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386902748","doi":"10.1109/tro.2023.3311680","title":"Spatiotemporal Calibration of 3-D Millimetre-Wavelength Radar-Camera Pairs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Computer science; Computer vision; Calibration; Artificial intelligence; Robustness (evolution); Radar; Sensor fusion; Remote sensing; Image sensor; Geography","score_opus":0.02315557271810074,"score_gpt":0.2554412439596311,"score_spread":0.23228567124153035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386902748","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.031360373,0.000002606439,0.9668721,0.0007474257,0.0002857159,0.00013709975,0.000052999374,0.00032399065,0.0002176983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94765943,0.0000084110225,0.051959448,0.00001538106,0.000032690205,0.0000052649916,0.000018040319,0.000023736426,0.00027756806],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914974,0.000024142355,0.0002505981,0.00018891798,0.00017373436,0.00021289158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994013,0.00014617963,0.000081257094,0.0002771521,0.000049605467,0.000044523287],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005277458,0.00013920855,0.00018667833,0.00015712022,0.00011163128,0.000014221956,0.00010270804,0.000067052504,0.00005509214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000042848037,0.0001364962,0.00010471071,0.000593063,0.000114282964,0.000104946106,0.0000019726338,0.00021876772,0.00003863464],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020698995,0.00018648258,0.0002838603,0.000012596236,0.000081252656,0.000002282492,0.00007141128,0.8807145,0.0022232197,0.005938305,0.00026667077,0.11019875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010206298,0.0003901278,0.0007937599,0.0000911517,0.00013921002,0.0000012729188,0.0009247671,0.5359253,0.43047562,0.029406395,0.00019142064,0.00064032106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000050978146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006030959,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9162991,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002355761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000274985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55661535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386919840","doi":"10.1109/sas58821.2023.10254194","title":"Receiver Operator Characteristic Enhancement by Overcomming the Hardware Temporal Resolution Limit Using Nonlocal Effects in LiDAR","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Limit (mathematics); Operator (biology); Resolution (logic); Computer science; Physics; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Chemistry","score_opus":0.015903037148138618,"score_gpt":0.26651659643167136,"score_spread":0.25061355928353274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386919840","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8915215,0.000023324495,0.10670925,0.0005775867,0.00015831529,0.00032086458,0.000010741801,0.00018235874,0.00049607374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99363875,0.00000314469,0.005802518,0.00006560403,0.00006853459,0.000020781006,0.000039368137,0.000016843218,0.0003444524],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906254,0.00004696101,0.00018745585,0.00023918485,0.00013191253,0.00033196344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950564,0.00014571815,0.00004846824,0.00024270573,0.000025706986,0.000031758078],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012620185,0.00014364312,0.00016438197,0.000048055314,0.00016017754,0.00005282143,0.0001501918,0.000050163522,0.000049969283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049435846,0.00010403608,0.00003986644,0.00033500028,0.000077661956,0.00013316551,0.00017512238,0.00022965224,0.00008625401],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022306955,0.000729335,0.09768598,0.00013831534,0.00023483278,0.00009316964,0.0010244689,0.0030830596,0.54893434,0.04159502,0.012559357,0.29369903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027453103,0.00047232537,0.023248786,0.0009373878,0.00009717866,0.0000031518027,0.0027451047,0.52181625,0.39434057,0.010060484,0.041764777,0.0017686457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018303805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000074245445,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5187332,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009372019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018958846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42424682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387229866","doi":"10.2118/216749-ms","title":"Visual Twin for Pipeline Leak Detection","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Visualization; Pipeline (software); Subsea; Context (archaeology); Data visualization; Situation awareness; Software; Real-time computing; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Operating system","score_opus":0.016841210018450476,"score_gpt":0.3056479937256218,"score_spread":0.28880678370717133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387229866","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10297859,0.0000012670922,0.8925793,0.00038811305,0.000095766314,0.00012230389,0.0000034611076,0.00073461793,0.0030965412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903595,2.4348373e-7,0.006689376,0.000017751925,0.00012928521,0.000015575151,0.000011360139,0.000009725031,0.0027672136],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996243,0.0000024607787,0.00007228672,0.00011157069,0.000037375572,0.00015202201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979633,0.00007038075,0.00001536948,0.0000769707,0.00002511787,0.000015819362],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000034993776,0.000053318396,0.000062139414,0.000034369637,0.00005765116,0.000011242629,0.000040179846,0.000022648865,0.000036323898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025581421,0.00004518013,0.00003815045,0.00016326238,0.000023198154,0.000040047533,0.00003605055,0.000047851805,0.00015480017],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022236134,0.000043638225,0.00067170314,0.0000046769987,0.000017200735,4.7162814e-7,0.000013552416,0.00076200895,0.034917295,0.07500179,0.0035422258,0.8850032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006634523,0.00015459047,0.0007203731,0.000007725007,0.000015891028,2.9963957e-7,0.0006774118,0.18060918,0.49080378,0.27871525,0.047345795,0.00028625864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013173684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000133565945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8873809,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007344552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000033091526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19896947},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387251281","doi":"10.1109/essderc59256.2023.10268545","title":"Extended Temperature Modeling of InGaAs/InP SPADs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Indium gallium arsenide; Optoelectronics; Diode; Gallium arsenide; Fabrication; Materials science; Dark current; Photon; Avalanche photodiode; Photodetector; Computer science; Detector; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.016178421979584887,"score_gpt":0.2675572778314364,"score_spread":0.2513788558518515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387251281","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94277424,0.000011743179,0.040698256,0.00049648323,0.0000749347,0.000084694184,0.000006581244,0.00061678636,0.015236276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981451,0.0000016671607,0.01784662,0.000011682044,0.000037223792,0.0000023804432,0.000008861153,0.000010343541,0.000630263],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994944,0.000005012487,0.0001204937,0.00013280915,0.00007983687,0.00016746244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996824,0.00003191654,0.000023201957,0.00019932666,0.000042193762,0.000020926085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004080529,0.00007620272,0.000118690725,0.000050486608,0.000040646046,0.000010180711,0.00009942383,0.000040191047,0.00006089912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018868352,0.000061127685,0.000044768636,0.0002925247,0.00003731711,0.00005451565,0.000094834744,0.00012850917,0.000048938426],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017324943,0.0000955691,0.0025532797,0.000018279012,0.00008161794,0.0000053766134,0.00014094327,0.075553864,0.10991432,0.7680416,0.0019130267,0.041664783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003491067,0.00004745348,0.00043210277,0.000046187644,0.000014986856,4.5131625e-7,0.0015321859,0.4404565,0.12277753,0.43369487,0.0003579978,0.00029062296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024717889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.189556e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36490265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000054459456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009790821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24927147},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387360330","doi":"10.36227/techrxiv.24205179","title":"Wafer-level Characterization and Monitoring Platform for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"CMOS; Wafer; Electronic engineering; Context (archaeology); Integrated circuit; Avalanche diode; Diode; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Physics; Voltage; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.11159765682595403,"score_gpt":0.3014799821019179,"score_spread":0.18988232527596388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387360330","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5280172,0.000009625092,0.46937403,0.0002161552,0.0005852697,0.0005220388,0.00020340868,0.00059060886,0.00048165378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93600005,0.000014356261,0.061670464,0.000004965037,0.0003976809,0.00010957815,0.00041401945,0.000055436736,0.0013334763],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989651,0.000004063458,0.00023302414,0.00042459727,0.000097454176,0.00027574756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993146,0.0001393068,0.00013220869,0.00030134906,0.00007031995,0.000042205604],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000064400716,0.00024904823,0.00029379287,0.00007038981,0.00010256635,0.00012368769,0.00014726531,0.00018478886,0.000007236508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040473802,0.00022631668,0.00007608077,0.000058200636,0.000059977287,0.00010254645,0.00054562686,0.00028799227,0.000008588216],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082371174,0.00018768974,0.045772575,0.00044571765,0.0003933207,0.0000033092688,0.000355561,0.00030600498,0.29631945,0.062291887,0.00009109476,0.593751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072284206,0.0001111546,0.02001494,0.00064557296,0.00012028608,0.0000010692013,0.0006127659,0.008454649,0.6550115,0.31103492,0.0020791194,0.001191232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003415326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.735033e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59255975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004769566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017010358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92289263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387380723","doi":"10.36227/techrxiv.24205179.v1","title":"Wafer-level Characterization and Monitoring Platform for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"CMOS; Wafer; Electronic engineering; Context (archaeology); Avalanche diode; Integrated circuit; Diode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Optoelectronics; Computer science; Detector; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Voltage; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.11159765682595403,"score_gpt":0.3014799821019179,"score_spread":0.18988232527596388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387380723","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5280172,0.000009625092,0.46937403,0.0002161552,0.0005852697,0.0005220388,0.00020340868,0.00059060886,0.00048165378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93600005,0.000014356261,0.061670464,0.000004965037,0.0003976809,0.00010957815,0.00041401945,0.000055436736,0.0013334763],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989651,0.000004063458,0.00023302414,0.00042459727,0.000097454176,0.00027574756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993146,0.0001393068,0.00013220869,0.00030134906,0.00007031995,0.000042205604],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000064400716,0.00024904823,0.00029379287,0.00007038981,0.00010256635,0.00012368769,0.00014726531,0.00018478886,0.000007236508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040473802,0.00022631668,0.00007608077,0.000058200636,0.000059977287,0.00010254645,0.00054562686,0.00028799227,0.000008588216],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082371174,0.00018768974,0.045772575,0.00044571765,0.0003933207,0.0000033092688,0.000355561,0.00030600498,0.29631945,0.062291887,0.00009109476,0.593751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072284206,0.0001111546,0.02001494,0.00064557296,0.00012028608,0.0000010692013,0.0006127659,0.008454649,0.6550115,0.31103492,0.0020791194,0.001191232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003415326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.735033e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59255975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004769566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017010358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92289263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387460485","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/p10010","title":"Picosecond and high-power UV/Vis light pulsing using gallium nitride field-effect transistors: implementation and design evaluation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Instrumentation","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Optoelectronics; Picosecond; Materials science; Diode; Transistor; Photon; Optics; Light-emitting diode; Common emitter; Laser; Physics","score_opus":0.023714523244194898,"score_gpt":0.32427040306268545,"score_spread":0.3005558798184906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387460485","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9325181,0.000030988318,0.066628054,0.0003748506,0.00016761427,0.0002272656,0.000002134663,0.000018001841,0.000032984863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98398864,0.000011840278,0.015889117,0.000019257292,0.000067699635,0.0000032722514,0.000007815875,0.000010028524,0.000002302697],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913865,0.00009047432,0.00031612618,0.00011256437,0.00021114756,0.00013100673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937963,0.00015398113,0.00027275406,0.000055464538,0.00010057273,0.00003758944],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044707043,0.00010228321,0.00015500009,0.00017499062,0.0001181115,0.000072169285,0.00003740681,0.000037356065,0.000050655635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003639537,0.00009146628,0.000033428987,0.00017077137,0.000024318337,0.0004813337,0.000016001926,0.00011716686,0.0000010730345],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014638875,0.000027883674,0.02360577,0.000022118016,0.00013339764,0.0000045444795,0.0008125582,0.0012699324,0.22217917,0.00087474345,0.00014250039,0.750781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047938726,0.001415769,0.03230662,0.0001913607,0.00043594922,0.000033965225,0.0055342377,0.014459396,0.9064458,0.033915207,0.00009885974,0.00036898666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028439226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002800758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.750412,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007720813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002634332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37298867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388115977","doi":"10.36001/phmconf.2023.v15i1.3526","title":"Failure Mode Investigation to Enable LiDAR Health Monitoring for Automotive Application","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Conference of the PHM Society","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Motors (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; Remote sensing; Computer science; Failure mode and effects analysis; Environmental science; Reliability engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.03171605501514125,"score_gpt":0.3129996263042539,"score_spread":0.28128357128911263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388115977","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73638207,0.000005896432,0.2387123,0.023164267,0.000121589765,0.0009459124,0.000218945,0.00030930204,0.0001397401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.971783,0.0000015581821,0.027834548,0.000060666855,0.000074056385,0.00006656677,0.000017602706,0.000009426009,0.00015257268],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993693,0.000013763308,0.00013507465,0.00017092862,0.000104340674,0.00020657289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992915,0.00006924659,0.000106744745,0.00022327853,0.00026675186,0.00004252678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011023666,0.00008383085,0.00012614572,0.000012246827,0.00017582266,0.000018603669,0.00021276732,0.00003849806,0.0000011975368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004878307,0.00006732779,0.00009039589,0.0002869981,0.0000810504,0.00010931658,0.00013798417,0.00010716192,0.000007030651],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004046281,0.00020201356,0.037364915,0.00029251009,0.00038211956,1.041782e-7,0.08714715,0.034188244,0.13825057,0.4936627,0.044623997,0.16384523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041426576,0.0001708049,0.0051382417,0.00019487861,0.000026443284,1.303693e-7,0.042342156,0.03274434,0.3693497,0.5455989,0.0036728727,0.0003472252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001829325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024505107,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23540094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040404288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000796765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27455476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389104594","doi":"10.1109/tns.2023.3332830","title":"Protocols for Healing Radiation-Damaged Single-Photon Detectors Suitable for Space Environment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Annealing (glass); Physics; Optoelectronics; Photon; Optics; Detector; Laser; Radiation; Space environment; Materials science; Astronomy","score_opus":0.0321516589394132,"score_gpt":0.2902064964084384,"score_spread":0.2580548374690252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389104594","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16542923,6.1029573e-7,0.8280448,0.0004132814,0.00014906994,0.005503039,0.000041995798,0.00035717638,0.00006084407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94822276,8.3244134e-7,0.049661975,0.000022416123,0.000026802172,0.0017567861,6.616249e-7,0.000028989805,0.00027878035],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888366,0.000008788,0.00014395325,0.00035663057,0.00018584127,0.00042113135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935144,0.00020539261,0.00005744506,0.00027811102,0.000035470282,0.0000721538],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024346169,0.000117602576,0.00011863797,0.00014391274,0.00079723593,0.00009374019,0.00023226469,0.00003879328,0.000030545845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020878864,0.00011685435,0.00008091022,0.00047201017,0.00025362032,0.00023811524,0.0000036270715,0.00012128522,0.000050075065],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013595886,0.00035458698,0.000044634682,0.00003361414,0.000027391876,4.248253e-7,0.00044430725,0.3716994,0.36191276,0.0038294077,0.00022738558,0.2612901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009322672,0.0006451208,0.000091595764,0.00004601729,0.000021446302,4.3373453e-7,0.0006144867,0.2882216,0.67827034,0.0037181908,0.0270726,0.00036590037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014178503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012222835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7827935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011995529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032977405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6131775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389538718","doi":"10.1364/fio.2023.jm7a.77","title":"Numerical Simulation for Air-to-Water FMCW Lidar for Low Transmitting Power Drone-Based Bathymetry","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optiwave Systems (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Bathymetry; Bandwidth (computing); Attenuation; Remote sensing; Radar; Chirp; Power (physics); SIGNAL (programming language); Wavelet; Environmental science; Optics; Computer science; Acoustics; Electronic engineering; Laser; Telecommunications; Geology; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.014472572728097021,"score_gpt":0.2920761519605053,"score_spread":0.27760357923240825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389538718","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16928402,9.5310753e-7,0.82777935,0.0014936177,0.00008146952,0.000585802,0.000020327976,0.00047441403,0.0002800556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88634986,1.9364842e-8,0.11293504,0.00017667934,0.000075957236,0.00008454872,0.000062919375,0.000034065677,0.0002809391],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898213,0.0000071089385,0.0002053739,0.00028749,0.00009311407,0.00042478452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915016,0.0005083283,0.000026466747,0.00018753446,0.00006915644,0.00005838563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009989613,0.0001430373,0.00017948366,0.0000828547,0.00013194082,0.000025408808,0.00010521208,0.0000615033,0.000058088088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005995096,0.000108985776,0.00014869947,0.00020771,0.000027462795,0.00007414238,0.000023448065,0.000076732,0.000079470716],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004686505,0.00027015686,0.0019724274,0.000078034274,0.00011116894,0.0000016456205,0.00029836615,0.8007187,0.02590794,0.02720483,0.0012065681,0.14176148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018886242,0.00030154144,0.00031788152,0.00003058306,0.000025428575,4.8422677e-8,0.00027037135,0.6434266,0.31223324,0.028652914,0.012429206,0.00042358114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004681543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.0931e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7170658,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021425018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010756034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4444311},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389666503","doi":"10.1109/nssmicrtsd49126.2023.10338331","title":"Building Real Time Edge Machine Learning Systems for High Data Rate Acquisition","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Field-programmable gate array; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Computation; Edge computing; Edge device; Real-time computing; Instrumentation (computer programming); Detector; Latency (audio); Pixel; Bandwidth (computing); Computer hardware; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Cloud computing; Operating system","score_opus":0.02687922796039132,"score_gpt":0.292160322441798,"score_spread":0.2652810944814067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389666503","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27440542,0.00003247279,0.7169119,0.0008385126,0.00034979294,0.00057256094,0.00029101307,0.0028469632,0.0037513727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96393806,0.0000067991837,0.031756427,0.000006266858,0.00024041551,0.000015037429,0.0010902511,0.000027017877,0.00291974],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925464,0.000021430074,0.00014108054,0.00027400124,0.00006084753,0.00024801315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928164,0.00024359829,0.00005714598,0.0003571905,0.000033364442,0.00002706836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021559877,0.00009992471,0.00014714674,0.000048186765,0.00015024349,0.00005926325,0.0002280288,0.000036267087,0.000038519636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040457922,0.00008615627,0.000022702383,0.00017840583,0.000028916518,0.00016459989,0.00032039222,0.00010100753,0.00017338285],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039141705,0.000036039128,0.0011851838,0.000035269877,0.000105834835,0.000004112731,0.000015493752,0.0153020825,0.07723439,0.85936236,0.0082054185,0.03847465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00054149417,0.00007920779,0.00038370563,0.000051405237,0.0000346177,5.740869e-7,0.00012092471,0.926509,0.007822645,0.054007486,0.010144234,0.00030470593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021079085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.890157e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9112069,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016372474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007176561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35133508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389666547","doi":"10.1109/nssmicrtsd49126.2023.10338042","title":"Saturated Gain Avalanche Diode for charged particle detection","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Charged particle; Physics; Diode; Photon; Single-photon avalanche diode; Detector; Noise (video); Avalanche photodiode; Electron; Particle detector; Particle (ecology); SIGNAL (programming language); Optoelectronics; Charged particle beam; Optics; Nuclear physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.021901392915334883,"score_gpt":0.27663046264826735,"score_spread":0.25472906973293247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389666547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66056687,0.000003745299,0.33605966,0.00073533226,0.00011027605,0.00022864819,0.000009025172,0.001134428,0.0011520181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99371916,5.718242e-7,0.0049986974,0.000020792564,0.000066087814,0.000037521826,0.000015668627,0.000011566787,0.0011299602],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994854,0.000007165281,0.00008903139,0.00014034983,0.000045998328,0.00023210995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996993,0.00008758625,0.000022379236,0.000132762,0.00003145406,0.000026495127],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059254777,0.000068359666,0.00008098582,0.000020043915,0.000089423826,0.000018797258,0.000052822885,0.00002897116,0.000040194245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004311772,0.000056136738,0.00004112566,0.0002471282,0.000027864106,0.00007287648,0.000028871273,0.000064394655,0.00018043644],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005361896,0.00005606601,0.0037160912,0.000007958659,0.000059625378,0.0000010471841,0.00007326587,0.0007081418,0.54426426,0.11507263,0.001858743,0.3341286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003719095,0.000041679727,0.0011189503,0.0000041510366,0.000008306107,1.3322999e-7,0.0002778395,0.088089965,0.83962893,0.0681758,0.0021492797,0.0001330599],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011353055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000033370266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33399552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001130055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004194798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23192056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389667624","doi":"10.1109/nssmicrtsd49126.2023.10338577","title":"Laser induced SiPM Luminescence","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University; TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Photodetection; Silicon photomultiplier; Photon; Optoelectronics; Photodetector; Optics; Detector; Laser; Photonics; Luminescence; Physics; Avalanche photodiode; Materials science; Scintillator","score_opus":0.022014517545935804,"score_gpt":0.2759997979730029,"score_spread":0.2539852804270671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389667624","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596459,4.8447316e-7,0.0056796963,0.00075725524,0.00008344325,0.000058256017,0.0000021648164,0.00090995035,0.032862805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927998,2.2590153e-7,0.0046518478,0.00003200705,0.00004853683,0.0000039587426,0.000006147948,0.000007317136,0.0024501213],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99958813,0.0000032457122,0.00006255294,0.000119283366,0.00005670958,0.00017009783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974054,0.000041279036,0.000013284597,0.00016344165,0.000017736464,0.00002369251],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000021902586,0.000058804602,0.00006250908,0.000029332607,0.00003977084,0.000012140364,0.00009000881,0.000021084856,0.00014470806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000147279925,0.000047679194,0.000023290679,0.00029471237,0.000031028874,0.00005310566,0.000087824126,0.00007534213,0.0009634134],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000040034834,0.000067638204,0.02760134,0.0000032517103,0.000031388532,0.000012271963,0.000046052275,0.00008564694,0.06414719,0.29964975,0.010302849,0.5980486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071032345,0.00009170098,0.015777279,0.00003245256,0.00001654622,8.562674e-7,0.001466541,0.016875556,0.6996557,0.24743655,0.017160652,0.00077583594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020282667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.408e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63550854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000457041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000053431063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390874547","doi":"10.1109/iccv51070.2023.00747","title":"Passive Ultra-Wideband Single-Photon Imaging","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Wideband; Photon; Computer science; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.01299712941760934,"score_gpt":0.24697075590550435,"score_spread":0.23397362648789502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390874547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49430156,0.000021440626,0.23515679,0.0062328093,0.00036382038,0.00034758533,0.000019416102,0.0038808056,0.25967577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952226,7.781635e-7,0.003351927,0.00006264245,0.00005500773,0.000005805846,0.000012397902,0.000014443586,0.0012743961],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993671,0.000005740699,0.000100997975,0.00018209897,0.00007782938,0.0002661856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961334,0.000108865475,0.000029072327,0.00018622268,0.00002830485,0.00003416473],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002344378,0.00009558285,0.00009870042,0.000049568083,0.000076145756,0.000036456793,0.000095515315,0.000017564458,0.0001585595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002809735,0.000079514444,0.00004557669,0.00025937855,0.00007666655,0.00009165279,0.000046797053,0.00009685235,0.00033010342],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010050163,0.00009857579,0.03799368,0.0000063676252,0.000055376106,0.000033680037,0.00011722834,0.000296242,0.22402903,0.27120942,0.015547607,0.45060277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030715633,0.000023497489,0.001164867,0.000022032425,0.000011602018,0.0000012229726,0.0009143293,0.0011926452,0.65738875,0.32621694,0.012456461,0.00030050825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037179954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012042732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5009211,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015513288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005974794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42429215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391248774","doi":"10.1109/jeds.2024.3359088","title":"Wafer-Level Characterization and Monitoring Platform for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Single-photon avalanche diode; Wafer; Optoelectronics; Characterization (materials science); Diode; Avalanche diode; Materials science; Wafer-scale integration; Photon; Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Physics; Detector; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Voltage; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.03209087321207478,"score_gpt":0.27860527417400993,"score_spread":0.24651440096193517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391248774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94884574,0.0004330385,0.04932347,0.00064262655,0.00055837317,0.000114819675,0.000010428883,0.000037252077,0.000034245928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935918,0.000048554062,0.0054682265,0.000021522346,0.00071700726,0.0000030447884,0.0000015560953,0.000018022112,0.00013031019],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933004,0.000008589144,0.00021323997,0.00010757873,0.00013070542,0.0002098652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995072,0.00013104625,0.00016630492,0.000092309725,0.00007529931,0.000027857945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015526879,0.00011525209,0.00015648124,0.000018513418,0.00013726058,0.00011684737,0.00015900932,0.00005516567,0.0000016703821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010784711,0.0000746551,0.00020078171,0.00011557131,0.00005366752,0.0003056974,0.000030124022,0.0003031656,5.624099e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024628242,0.000039131693,0.0056236386,0.00007095347,0.00027119697,5.031514e-7,0.0004965884,0.000056755867,0.94116706,0.0016495673,0.00015679473,0.050443206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029251227,0.00016269475,0.0026737785,0.00032530373,0.00013032714,0.000019770498,0.0003558617,0.0024738694,0.97618926,0.0112950355,0.005903517,0.00017805587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000018358784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.6691796e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050265152,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009322852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036520763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3044347},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391257425","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/2687/7/072003","title":"A novel fiber-optic beam monitor","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Pacific Insight Electronics (Canada); University of British Columbia; TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Optical fiber; Beam (structure); Optics; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.020657705812886833,"score_gpt":0.2673791327352435,"score_spread":0.24672142692235666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391257425","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34602284,0.00048716867,0.6414014,0.0021394417,0.0013547495,0.00017263094,0.00005848095,0.00025957875,0.00810373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96310455,0.000009542257,0.03542763,0.000006720832,0.00069195987,0.0000017759028,0.000001998066,0.000019053197,0.0007367456],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917,0.0000075746843,0.00028536504,0.00013105776,0.00019816447,0.00020781098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993149,0.00009079337,0.00013951055,0.00015952597,0.00023466817,0.000060587572],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000622654,0.0001598585,0.00025706188,0.00005044284,0.0000613577,0.00018884666,0.00021699486,0.000038869202,0.00010807034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020757583,0.00012693089,0.00014597774,0.0001947285,0.00018243131,0.00068449083,0.00007318783,0.0004044264,0.000054338547],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024900839,0.00009911517,0.00007071524,0.000028939961,0.000173784,0.000022157687,0.00020829383,0.0003144691,0.04597348,0.5512682,0.0004222119,0.4013937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003012268,0.0003734527,0.0002013489,0.00048742892,0.00011740848,0.000057477242,0.0009786247,0.00061461667,0.48889175,0.49644855,0.011153714,0.0003744066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000059904146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.416553e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61708176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026214215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011847733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5176091},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391345015","doi":"10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11524","title":"Tutorial on compressed ultrafast photography","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Python (programming language); Subpixel rendering; Photography; Computer graphics (images); Artificial intelligence; Pixel","score_opus":0.031658429291834274,"score_gpt":0.35254318578617533,"score_spread":0.32088475649434106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391345015","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000016508799,0.98530596,0.0062429365,0.0001759891,0.006140291,0.0002711725,0.00014913909,0.00009605358,0.0016019292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00014373088,0.98484164,0.009895651,0.000017379905,0.0049221353,0.0000038808075,0.000034116238,0.00007301902,0.00006842668],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975005,0.000054497537,0.0011740336,0.000254964,0.00066913705,0.00034689807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99812055,0.00046804713,0.0007303791,0.00031586015,0.000116578005,0.0002485663],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022607991,0.00044177775,0.0017506396,0.000508231,0.00004938918,0.00010027814,0.00059988396,0.00036778094,0.00006439064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000106035455,0.00027058445,0.001215603,0.00069099106,0.00042003256,0.000052647374,0.00012291882,0.002027474,0.0000933496],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013227497,0.00029227007,2.672761e-7,0.0011229002,0.0007704009,0.00013824618,0.000009167099,0.0000020976895,0.000007758339,0.009801561,0.0050395913,0.9828025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023847386,0.00039820714,6.530909e-8,0.009876104,0.0013562449,0.000037882986,0.00001951401,0.000033979384,0.000018969855,0.005397267,0.9823614,0.00026192493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001128069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.5880189e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9825406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006840486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022855413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391619164","doi":"10.1109/jstqe.2024.3356128","title":"Editorial Single-Photon Technologies and Applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Photon; Optoelectronics; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.008450512027903036,"score_gpt":0.2561146637972776,"score_spread":0.24766415176937456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391619164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8142582,0.015056171,0.14586483,0.0032420203,0.019328322,0.0006461551,0.000013496608,0.0008472732,0.00074350095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98642075,0.00045063303,0.0035244024,0.0000069091448,0.009530738,0.000010370872,0.0000019176568,0.000023072638,0.00003122408],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989133,0.00001869635,0.0003805415,0.00017718333,0.00018279951,0.0003274671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930793,0.00015619343,0.00012187426,0.0001464325,0.0002390633,0.000028480357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013467127,0.0001458391,0.00023552375,0.00023929715,0.000053149997,0.000083363266,0.00021332713,0.0001497354,0.000003053046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000082020764,0.00012764226,0.00005029721,0.00072183483,0.00011475072,0.00017233659,0.000033945344,0.0010686079,0.00000193285],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006274275,0.00029155138,0.0010615514,0.000059024187,0.00019055585,0.000020674472,0.00010920534,0.00032148618,0.07498789,0.49829477,0.006825874,0.41777468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003944346,0.00053726125,0.00003678045,0.00013613356,0.000052853957,0.000042271404,0.00023272357,0.003218636,0.07506221,0.6585423,0.26146778,0.00027665874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000046185733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006605404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41749802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015230646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016757302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52051},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392015256","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-45820-z","title":"Swept coded aperture real-time femtophotography","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; University of Waterloo; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Computer science; Optics; Coded aperture; Frame rate; Image quality; Aperture (computer memory); Reflection (computer programming); Computer vision; Laser; Physics; Image (mathematics); Acoustics; Detector","score_opus":0.010755238358432565,"score_gpt":0.2950209329188803,"score_spread":0.28426569456044776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392015256","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.035859067,0.03149006,0.016822644,0.07488067,0.0010169086,0.0015766381,0.00069316966,0.008905936,0.8287549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9375369,0.00016900871,0.06121517,0.00016765803,0.00005601536,0.000029222207,0.00019504689,0.000025246265,0.0006057219],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993487,0.000034574732,0.00013778365,0.00020107724,0.000098000484,0.00017984945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977121,0.0005868649,0.000028337578,0.0015661233,0.000064383166,0.00004223923],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057876954,0.0001333944,0.00013105,0.000096681026,0.00020995304,0.00008420748,0.00078912114,0.00018792487,0.00013724666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004341762,0.00011444437,0.00012130329,0.00059962325,0.00021215683,0.00010213028,0.0003226186,0.0011614742,0.00028002023],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036250494,0.00009165316,0.00072091346,0.0000059124523,0.000114506656,0.0000016470065,0.00009248211,0.0000078134635,0.019710774,0.9326562,0.02950765,0.017086785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014232691,0.000023646877,0.00088064733,0.000093226605,0.0000576768,0.0000026373307,0.00015313148,0.0075583323,0.002226858,0.08794974,0.90056896,0.00034282735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023491117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000088132665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90167785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021651815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002606989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50460917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392508521","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00003-y","title":"Room-temperature waveguide-coupled silicon single-photon avalanche diodes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Nanophotonics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Optoelectronics; Silicon; Diode; Materials science; Waveguide; Photon; Avalanche diode; Optics; Physics; Breakdown voltage; Voltage","score_opus":0.0110295780024407,"score_gpt":0.2437092447991548,"score_spread":0.2326796667967141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392508521","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98425984,0.0015443763,0.0012407851,0.00061163714,0.0009161357,0.00038591106,0.00005167672,0.00119329,0.009796359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98600966,0.00003391037,0.011847109,0.00009381797,0.00014735213,0.00003354959,0.000059635935,0.00007841778,0.0016965357],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99814636,0.000024790612,0.00035177174,0.0006289241,0.00027431003,0.0005738358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989162,0.0001950343,0.00006345176,0.0006322415,0.000090148955,0.00010291259],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000110157926,0.00037080207,0.00037377028,0.000107898064,0.00015802837,0.00027205778,0.00031738775,0.00023538985,0.0002920732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005766653,0.0003152303,0.00021185091,0.0005008208,0.00013134579,0.00020914215,0.00016358904,0.00064726453,0.00025157016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020470708,0.00012455776,0.00029820812,0.00004707249,0.00011306636,0.000049588478,0.00013119772,0.00017488535,0.9516554,0.036864933,0.0011549039,0.009365724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037322694,0.00014499559,0.000088268556,0.00022278796,0.000073449155,0.000010758067,0.00020898799,0.029219987,0.8764357,0.036115363,0.056487363,0.0006191083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039497892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058834416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07521969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001430003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000099794685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392602066","doi":"10.34133/ultrafastscience.0059","title":"Ultrafast Imaging","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrafast Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Physics; Optics; Laser","score_opus":0.004259934091391901,"score_gpt":0.2644655697870885,"score_spread":0.2602056356956966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392602066","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7682907,0.00006095637,0.15886998,0.0016212312,0.0008640647,0.00014001437,0.000015987222,0.00126357,0.06887347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941944,0.0000011744631,0.005341439,0.000037333924,0.00012070261,0.000003982167,0.0000015021328,0.0000115262965,0.00028792943],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987634,0.0000045313996,0.000121787314,0.0004239806,0.00025170186,0.00043459245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995001,0.00008471304,0.000017573873,0.00026695023,0.000048384376,0.00008229388],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001690549,0.00011868661,0.00008684957,0.00012776762,0.00022190073,0.00028598343,0.0003917456,0.000012129831,0.00011801151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046804787,0.00009781695,0.000045913628,0.00094227074,0.0009751575,0.0005494709,0.000083054154,0.00018371594,0.00031265433],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001598752,0.00003375292,0.007952564,0.0000073450237,0.0000056819454,0.000016327045,0.0002508583,0.000309936,0.39821124,0.3656896,0.00012363594,0.22739744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014186038,0.000027915277,0.0040583955,0.00016257347,0.000017307175,0.000027383754,0.0011773426,0.020905832,0.873823,0.08282964,0.016283466,0.0005452714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000017206681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.62197e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47561175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040505405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008419273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40186432},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392654716","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu24-17461","title":"Garnet growth in a geological blink of an eye: evidence from high-precision Lu-Hf chronology","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Chronology; Geology; Paleontology","score_opus":0.025353654011182346,"score_gpt":0.3069446790895598,"score_spread":0.28159102507837747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392654716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96675247,0.00043689547,0.02946286,0.0013001978,0.00036666237,0.0003289918,0.000060211456,0.00035052194,0.0009412152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87434053,0.000052621643,0.12518683,0.000018118391,0.00017194354,0.000028630513,0.00009212848,0.00002527362,0.0000839357],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976291,0.00010713749,0.0006097407,0.0010638379,0.00020444607,0.0003857592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822164,0.0005646034,0.00018791335,0.0008625206,0.000096812626,0.00006650497],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017820999,0.00038157738,0.0007635651,0.00020003227,0.000022527129,0.000045876855,0.00079662015,0.0006206586,0.0005419302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023699818,0.0003002978,0.00013799375,0.00022513949,0.0003760491,0.000090237605,0.0037607003,0.0016634063,0.00009481096],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004890883,0.0012499396,0.09862487,0.0002581605,0.00047454349,0.00020635048,0.0004293243,0.019921187,0.013348958,0.5218495,0.00063645,0.34251162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021663311,0.00017245187,0.01901929,0.0005911139,0.000045946086,3.5248357e-7,0.00011326824,0.012797814,0.017698012,0.94896096,0.000025854077,0.00035831903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046138302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000092563525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42711145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008479855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010295701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999449},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392736643","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.05666","title":"Prepared for the Worst: A Learning-Based Adversarial Attack for Resilience Analysis of the ICP Algorithm","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Resilience (materials science); Iterative closest point; Computer science; Adversarial system; Algorithm; Point (geometry); Lidar; Point cloud; Range (aeronautics); Computer security; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Remote sensing; Mathematics; Engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.049121101417569424,"score_gpt":0.22998903347580704,"score_spread":0.18086793205823762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392736643","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0654487,0.000034286662,0.9322912,0.00023274586,0.00033935363,0.0009722496,0.00032260016,0.00012445787,0.00023439025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935012,0.0000032340956,0.005076193,0.000010343432,0.00008205767,0.000010071222,0.000042825315,0.000021381631,0.0012526787],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987443,0.000049156497,0.00019722174,0.00065976876,0.00007578253,0.00027375284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99771714,0.0009189862,0.00029022605,0.0008561306,0.00018329594,0.000034205157],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016908413,0.00023493516,0.0003794727,0.00014937861,0.00024460955,0.000038990245,0.00086422224,0.00015464057,0.00001730588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001269264,0.00016860735,0.0008737161,0.00095405866,0.00037951444,0.0000336204,0.00090695726,0.000514457,0.0000024473907],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009544197,0.000038619273,0.0009980534,0.000030990464,0.0011092987,9.651196e-7,0.000047258913,0.97285634,0.000013163477,0.021812094,0.00013171208,0.002866059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034655005,0.000043835553,0.0002118339,0.000060525406,0.0029957215,2.3975758e-8,0.00032023978,0.9451814,0.00047665345,0.048732813,0.0014383158,0.00019207057],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010693825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000037883867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92805254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000097507014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015414588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6875608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392740025","doi":"10.1117/12.3011385","title":"Coded optical streaking for ultrahigh-speed imaging","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Streaking; Optical imaging; Computer science; Encoding (memory); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.011813292600379683,"score_gpt":0.2875043824030636,"score_spread":0.2756910898026839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392740025","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.022525975,0.000049590748,0.949454,0.001527015,0.00019126976,0.00016036065,0.000013548833,0.0008365777,0.025241654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89135665,3.1712275e-7,0.10768273,0.000025684887,0.00014670704,0.0000056859258,0.000011177024,0.0000187508,0.00075230224],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993359,0.0000027597744,0.000118325486,0.0002278969,0.00006317343,0.0002519877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954325,0.00024431478,0.0000108160175,0.00013962587,0.000027828233,0.00003415733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004067175,0.00010422708,0.00010708154,0.000036066813,0.000059972284,0.00010972836,0.00008960643,0.00002168442,0.000092753886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021012327,0.00008289913,0.00007585609,0.00009769059,0.000073375384,0.00011356612,0.000042278985,0.000114656774,0.00004195098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003764252,0.000014301662,0.0002818207,0.00000658308,0.000022779326,0.0000026552475,0.000012515365,0.00007668033,0.009158598,0.82322806,0.0006274167,0.16656485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005611167,0.000055210807,0.00016188165,0.00013454315,0.00008245706,0.0000046561295,0.0007905522,0.22154677,0.26335543,0.46477136,0.047961004,0.00057500345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011903384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.890109e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8688307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018064844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000134054235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33805287},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392899029","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202347559","title":"Modelling of surface brightness fluctuation measurements","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers; European Regional Development Fund; Canadian Space Agency; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Surface brightness; Brightness; Surface (topology); Astronomy; Galaxy; Geometry","score_opus":0.03041714428615292,"score_gpt":0.2415656875593274,"score_spread":0.21114854327317448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392899029","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4277101,0.0000631414,0.571779,0.000025617155,0.000052104515,0.000053636442,0.0000125891,0.000050616105,0.00025320423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78714204,9.73671e-7,0.21273172,9.365673e-7,0.00006972363,0.0000017775483,0.000014520634,0.0000129279215,0.000025391046],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992889,0.000011748007,0.00017176378,0.00022488547,0.000117579606,0.00018513265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968463,0.000036408273,0.00004763927,0.00014810349,0.00004723998,0.000035970697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044622382,0.00013765924,0.00016143495,0.000027852806,0.00006335136,0.000045507702,0.00007934219,0.000025057549,0.000016334849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001144192,0.00012749397,0.000056835608,0.0001318506,0.00009870291,0.00022660416,0.000056467972,0.0001335363,0.0000089241985],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012309829,0.00006368959,0.0014912869,0.000031536783,0.00017116415,4.3145087e-7,0.00011238461,0.32219583,0.010758022,0.1112935,0.000019005729,0.5538508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011029277,0.00051524374,0.0005067549,0.00059618446,0.00029592996,0.0000018089046,0.001062158,0.34036827,0.43871233,0.20158395,0.014151403,0.0011030313],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024237585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.3208263e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5527478,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013215017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023361194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5199053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392938013","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39062-3_20","title":"Coded-Aperture Light Field Imaging Using Spatial Light Modulators","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Coded aperture; Light field; Optics; Aperture (computer memory); Field (mathematics); Physics; Acoustics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.00853760122151487,"score_gpt":0.23559883252578848,"score_spread":0.2270612313042736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392938013","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005253339,0.00040362097,0.080469,0.0036233303,0.0006654484,0.0002079325,0.000030144896,0.00063182577,0.9139162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20906386,0.000013910381,0.02515392,0.0006095286,0.001996974,0.000005673089,0.00006876884,0.00032725531,0.7627601],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985366,0.0000028670954,0.0003147594,0.000586831,0.00021112122,0.00034784406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991337,0.000097982695,0.000105660394,0.00052713574,0.000059974853,0.000075537144],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000026780697,0.000493499,0.00043416256,0.00013315839,0.00010630234,0.00011425042,0.00024270061,0.00027982274,0.0012354611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011781213,0.0004040653,0.00026587961,0.000038844875,0.00006325631,0.0000931809,0.000362769,0.00087723107,0.0003133227],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000058020287,0.000009857088,0.000046521334,0.00002019487,0.00013919787,0.00004330994,0.000017981547,0.000044741344,0.0010049071,0.968364,0.003629003,0.02667448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009817733,0.00002123619,5.995375e-7,0.00035569275,0.00013017753,0.0000053572635,0.000026948244,0.00916902,0.0065291985,0.49203834,0.49095833,0.0006669222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008980029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008300735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4873293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070303184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036141424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998411},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392938085","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39062-3_2","title":"Encoders for Optical Imaging","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.013358301602359554,"score_gpt":0.25879641664867253,"score_spread":0.24543811504631297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392938085","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000015133315,0.000089916524,0.17766953,0.00089923746,0.00017367477,0.00017297492,0.00002959261,0.00034574713,0.8206178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004905671,0.0000025998188,0.09768688,0.000053911695,0.00033788968,0.000012237763,0.000041509942,0.0000856516,0.89687365],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992171,2.991075e-7,0.00015693705,0.00032897727,0.000080617414,0.00021606231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954695,0.00010928436,0.000030756346,0.00023514313,0.00003850152,0.000039358794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000023687731,0.00022393535,0.00021670882,0.000054470314,0.000039089682,0.000050092585,0.00012482621,0.00008526437,0.00038653988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000576358,0.00018807565,0.00018875355,0.000009992891,0.00014641785,0.000034651268,0.00012803881,0.0002933432,0.00033057586],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000020017562,0.0000026250104,0.0000016311932,0.000009098941,0.00004414588,0.0000025969503,0.000002007767,0.000006234191,0.000021935355,0.9354046,0.0031622683,0.061340857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046473026,0.000008797652,7.596815e-8,0.00005003525,0.000046961373,5.2159385e-7,0.000017371925,0.0007623117,0.0003050871,0.7142323,0.28435278,0.00017724585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000021233802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.630932e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2811905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028713062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018282477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7669502},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392938120","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39062-3_26","title":"Compressed High-Speed Imaging","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.010240643727599003,"score_gpt":0.23181425080706458,"score_spread":0.22157360707946558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392938120","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000013938925,0.00016608855,0.010815688,0.00073216105,0.0002903785,0.00011921249,0.000041854313,0.0008062402,0.9870144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06143779,0.0000038042087,0.008735553,0.000050849707,0.0003139928,0.0000012737642,0.00006738359,0.00008900752,0.92930037],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913174,0.0000011376675,0.00018309374,0.00035725426,0.00012283868,0.00020393071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994296,0.000055065004,0.00005543248,0.00038102764,0.000040089413,0.000038822043],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000015961472,0.00028351636,0.00028652852,0.000073259296,0.000042207746,0.0000695458,0.00018515914,0.00008274074,0.0019080937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016438443,0.00023916426,0.00012515075,0.000017734092,0.00014533635,0.0000439142,0.00026271175,0.00048006893,0.0015486429],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001448669,0.000003847546,0.0000051389793,0.0000065130953,0.000059644946,0.000012537801,0.0000022082213,0.000021292139,0.00010757927,0.9767715,0.0039397553,0.019068552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006402943,0.000004797071,0.0000012810289,0.000087805536,0.00004276269,5.418291e-7,0.000008277024,0.00053202413,0.00062418164,0.7676043,0.23078687,0.00024313839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032764714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.672901e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22684711,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002797712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012060776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992288},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392938256","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39062-3_1","title":"Introduction to Coded Optical Imaging","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.008044141348301675,"score_gpt":0.2413021747500612,"score_spread":0.23325803340175952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392938256","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001020487,0.000034805504,0.073354326,0.01191761,0.0004624626,0.00014716091,0.000011325872,0.0005485509,0.91351354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0050958707,0.0000013816052,0.046431124,0.00008049957,0.00265509,0.000005027962,0.000033871514,0.00007122932,0.9456259],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990485,8.90474e-7,0.00017572232,0.00045368265,0.00012108278,0.00020013956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947774,0.000027587459,0.000025883066,0.00035533353,0.00005027788,0.00006318537],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000029415356,0.00023016696,0.00022026677,0.00009670171,0.00003541258,0.00006436681,0.00011619725,0.00007277317,0.0014886799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008891729,0.00019988384,0.00009471754,0.000029688003,0.000088487526,0.0000422316,0.00023094878,0.00042718096,0.0035333778],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000028375398,0.0000035221117,0.000001277089,0.0000034985944,0.000029569681,0.0000042928496,0.0000030477684,0.000026386782,0.00017857431,0.9188878,0.021933256,0.058925927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022900747,0.000010321555,3.9446886e-7,0.000029291468,0.000030328238,0.0000014297804,0.000012214561,0.00012694077,0.0011416038,0.5135133,0.48493093,0.00018031443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040630503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.8653156e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46299767,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005389116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011940122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994241},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392938441","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-39062-3","title":"Coded Optical Imaging","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.008258363193601459,"score_gpt":0.2502319602869006,"score_spread":0.24197359709329913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392938441","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004268286,0.00013355327,0.04482818,0.00064472115,0.00022206487,0.00009412399,0.000017690525,0.0007193233,0.95333606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0024981413,0.0000014344214,0.029224925,0.000051742336,0.000394706,0.000004547623,0.00005782385,0.00006229359,0.9677044],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991231,0.0000023072137,0.00016553795,0.00033867286,0.00012408402,0.0002463306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994945,0.00008060692,0.00002961777,0.000318101,0.000030925174,0.000046246376],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025515725,0.00023311589,0.0002455557,0.000058656056,0.000031941938,0.00007418645,0.00017192197,0.000089740635,0.0006612016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000069707085,0.00019053703,0.00013095928,0.00003878535,0.00017251312,0.000037565762,0.00026859154,0.00060050876,0.0020051727],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.898216e-7,0.0000056317313,0.000005493959,0.0000074844875,0.00003416507,0.000013939481,0.000002153397,0.0000030066242,0.0000199272,0.85071594,0.10190834,0.047283135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000038059632,0.000004648972,5.431617e-7,0.0000737626,0.000041334246,0.000001153815,0.000012246006,0.00044915135,0.00038289314,0.6608292,0.33796608,0.00020095799],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000028394315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.2093683e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23605774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000065175554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007867105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987719},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392980802","doi":"10.1109/mapcon58678.2023.10464130","title":"Radar-Based Digital Twins for Classification of UAVs and Avian Targets","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Radar; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.02351898607814683,"score_gpt":0.2724317852807935,"score_spread":0.24891279920264664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392980802","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3499655,0.0000062363188,0.6426287,0.0014908407,0.00004010811,0.00025702064,0.00008395207,0.00032308153,0.00520451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9757876,2.0148445e-7,0.02393626,0.000006528246,0.0000149717835,0.0000069184293,0.000053921776,0.0000065955987,0.00018701745],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967366,0.0000016247544,0.000083516024,0.000102471175,0.000038533242,0.000100182144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997243,0.00009762522,0.000030382747,0.000102856655,0.000027238188,0.000017566525],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000020860825,0.000048897513,0.00007416775,0.000030668292,0.00002954988,0.000014159593,0.000040760522,0.000019634661,0.0000073813303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024875404,0.000041177103,0.000026545456,0.00009451798,0.000067359724,0.000061012943,0.00002117929,0.000027191754,0.00000688518],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032908036,0.00011176759,0.036045,0.00002821652,0.00003724002,3.8996998e-7,0.0000424315,0.00008714244,0.03814643,0.57637954,0.0015015445,0.3475874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019844822,0.0003344404,0.07203317,0.00004549941,0.000034870678,2.0488253e-7,0.0017250006,0.07933891,0.23627834,0.5843463,0.02332947,0.0005493015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003196572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.072851e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62582207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000044122794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007820617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16791536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393097433","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00699-z","title":"Photophysical properties of materials for high-speed photodetection","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature Reviews Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photodetection; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Physics; Photodetector","score_opus":0.049810921121695925,"score_gpt":0.3449235123824759,"score_spread":0.29511259126078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393097433","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000025673335,0.9941452,0.0012109805,0.000011112756,0.00084007526,0.0032065741,0.00028747623,0.00016026992,0.00011264145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0010289835,0.9935832,0.0029859182,0.000009555038,0.0014890621,0.00043578644,0.00018011192,0.00013920871,0.0001481727],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99769104,0.00009652674,0.0009714412,0.00063447497,0.000255815,0.0003507317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99823684,0.000091724425,0.0007368304,0.0007074572,0.00018501883,0.000042143118],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002325887,0.0007180952,0.0034608643,0.000073403884,0.000065609776,0.00006149334,0.00041259258,0.0005440872,0.000011678135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000979279,0.0004502233,0.0010933717,0.0005177558,0.00014890765,0.000106686544,0.00018287434,0.0010987233,0.00010123675],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006605241,0.00007357037,9.575312e-9,0.025564704,0.00021678727,3.2386947e-7,0.0000068238137,4.7117248e-7,0.0017398542,0.038439143,0.00070208753,0.9332496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008941768,0.000059220976,7.766588e-9,0.026134016,0.0019707647,9.290299e-7,0.0000031199318,0.0000057564525,0.044236593,0.026485048,0.90055496,0.0004601695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009025517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.1104107e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93278944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010716725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011116725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393315072","doi":"10.20944/preprints202403.1667.v1","title":"Investigation of Automotive LiDAR Vision in Rain from Material and Optical Perspectives","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada); Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Lidar; Automotive industry; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Environmental science; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Geography; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.0464058812525581,"score_gpt":0.3259525063050692,"score_spread":0.2795466250525111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393315072","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962693,0.000065080174,0.00043272812,0.000707836,0.00021792286,0.00033855124,0.00010411764,0.00016318202,0.0017012854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917186,0.000010180554,0.008000166,0.0000049440923,0.00012714993,0.000026132431,0.00004940111,0.000027733564,0.000035728957],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841577,0.00007005535,0.00037267784,0.00079155597,0.00015718454,0.00019275592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911004,0.00012892697,0.00014400746,0.00047733725,0.00008381644,0.000055845947],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018868413,0.0002538592,0.0004140429,0.00013577082,0.00002505457,0.000030754087,0.00021140855,0.00023376511,0.00017047698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015880675,0.0002486983,0.00007843626,0.0001102517,0.0004282766,0.00006397824,0.0027735268,0.00081029645,0.000063292486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019037619,0.00020170475,0.64533967,0.00022231383,0.00034363518,0.000022752065,0.010816918,0.00071717956,0.23988044,0.09565843,0.000014239588,0.0065923734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000162853,0.0000176905,0.21710235,0.00041758196,0.000033915185,2.1867032e-7,0.0010953472,0.0004432322,0.29002625,0.4904928,0.0000099229665,0.00019785801],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045482366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000053440676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4282373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009004618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000065999986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393372367","doi":"10.1109/tgrs.2024.3383569","title":"Single Channel Frequency-Diverse Computational Imaging System for Through-the-Wall Sensing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast; Leverhulme Trust; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Computer science; Remote sensing; Channel (broadcasting); Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.020653141770728464,"score_gpt":0.2594053582643098,"score_spread":0.23875221649358136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393372367","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.013438398,0.00006493021,0.98338574,0.0012617704,0.00087858166,0.00022245583,0.00002269252,0.00033727472,0.00038814088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76449984,0.0000022923166,0.23526692,0.000073400726,0.000064339685,1.3410417e-7,0.000001823287,0.000016113605,0.00007516364],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988516,0.0000231581,0.00019141354,0.00041968428,0.00017492005,0.0003392409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993595,0.00029689472,0.000044726516,0.00017019705,0.000083084895,0.000045621295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012188682,0.00017774542,0.00014812106,0.00009524406,0.00088354026,0.00022703286,0.00008137093,0.000040155242,0.0000014016445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004594148,0.00013789695,0.000099316225,0.00033913867,0.00040358334,0.00027589052,0.000003945093,0.00022999222,0.0000089619425],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008731536,0.000015012052,3.2558646e-7,0.00004246945,0.000030218916,0.000016683993,0.00066652143,0.011138725,0.0054915347,0.0021635687,0.000019538724,0.98040664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014650324,0.000035601577,0.000002962532,0.00038705353,0.000049400092,0.00007174149,0.002462911,0.9525582,0.01147058,0.03226281,0.00034786246,0.0002043548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004531753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000014260359,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9802023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007887095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041379397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67955667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393898877","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/04/008","title":"Self-calibrating BAO measurements in the presence of small displacement interlopers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Displacement (psychology); Astrophysics; Psychology","score_opus":0.02826937164489652,"score_gpt":0.2761447949419225,"score_spread":0.247875423297026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393898877","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9473916,0.00013350564,0.051698994,0.0005221979,0.00007351424,0.00006128429,0.000001116434,0.000008501535,0.0001092482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882364,0.0000031271643,0.011672925,0.00001870415,0.00005927509,0.0000017658815,2.3891988e-7,0.0000046588493,0.0000029031291],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993433,0.000060325714,0.00026583252,0.00007919887,0.00010786035,0.00014352119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995603,0.0001860309,0.00010451115,0.000084428284,0.000042622294,0.000022081904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026760678,0.000073556126,0.00014723434,0.00002401027,0.000029913452,0.000024292825,0.00013421994,0.000016358521,0.0000032099604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022873768,0.000047381156,0.00004531814,0.00013031543,0.00011473182,0.00013146744,0.000050460127,0.00023166802,8.973285e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025326785,0.0010744422,0.43636745,0.00013415812,0.00053094653,0.000054071494,0.0049115764,0.0073504304,0.06301856,0.31362048,0.00022674543,0.17245786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027615016,0.0024080041,0.021205684,0.0009876129,0.00039178808,0.00008824365,0.009374204,0.06541351,0.28380644,0.6122756,0.0007566466,0.0005307622],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000040571417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.530586e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4151618,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010754546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025086225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19321474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394582049","doi":"10.1088/1367-2630/ad3be5","title":"Photon number resolving detection with a single-photon detector and adaptive storage loop","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Journal of Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Max Planck - University of Ottawa Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics; University of Ottawa; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; U.S. Department of Energy; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Detector; Photon; Loop (graph theory); Optics","score_opus":0.015475304308747436,"score_gpt":0.24218089738972548,"score_spread":0.22670559308097804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394582049","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6471995,0.0001390515,0.35188556,0.000038293234,0.00013103329,0.000066440036,0.000002568585,0.000054850723,0.0004826665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9779337,0.0000048976353,0.02147177,0.000009127222,0.0004704174,8.8774425e-7,3.7893878e-7,0.00002959731,0.00007921863],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926025,0.00001837589,0.00018758797,0.00016114561,0.00018772775,0.00018493868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994441,0.00011343354,0.00014881307,0.000116231815,0.00009548917,0.00008192188],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000592488,0.0001562826,0.00020919532,0.000041626812,0.00006837349,0.00010070229,0.00008042459,0.000042358366,0.000020089681],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001237953,0.00011988429,0.00007391826,0.00023579456,0.0000839112,0.00036379547,0.000039979754,0.00045299064,0.0000069425532],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024801597,0.00010614661,0.00060965633,0.000028286817,0.0002767624,0.00008530342,0.00046022178,0.0005793537,0.27068597,0.006675946,0.00014733593,0.720097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008393463,0.0010218775,0.00018505384,0.0006479929,0.00018374067,0.00010271372,0.0006368094,0.0076336893,0.8924318,0.093878865,0.0020667948,0.00037129695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037515696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005912738,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71972567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007737713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058940197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48887393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394618325","doi":"10.4271/2024-01-1972","title":"An Investigation of ADAS Camera Performance Degradation Using a Realistic Rain Simulation System in Wind Tunnel","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Degradation (telecommunications); Wind tunnel; Environmental science; Computer science; Marine engineering; Aerospace engineering; Automotive engineering; Meteorology; Simulation; Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.021039706218008717,"score_gpt":0.2776613467741979,"score_spread":0.2566216405561892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394618325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99500626,0.00009026699,0.00012862784,0.00032456158,0.00012857522,0.0007113835,0.000052865507,0.0015749972,0.0019824447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871793,0.000012122199,0.012362122,0.00006199275,0.000111418456,0.000047381996,0.000117890224,0.00008453797,0.000023233173],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968225,0.00014202288,0.0010482166,0.0008748542,0.00055504375,0.00055739115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99811304,0.00051411736,0.00023559676,0.0008664717,0.00011258743,0.00015819758],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005105122,0.00050000875,0.00065674144,0.00034134104,0.00019612069,0.00010183192,0.00045633665,0.00042762264,0.000040619143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019041525,0.00045405058,0.00017590122,0.0011940189,0.0007702134,0.0008950169,0.00015579906,0.00089141086,0.000014036164],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112036316,0.0000985766,0.0027377198,0.00014422328,0.000023644921,0.0000121630665,0.000050241284,0.014127517,0.91502327,0.059666384,0.000015189147,0.007989038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040186185,0.00063780544,0.9848166,0.0014102552,0.00008765149,0.000014524682,0.00041631988,0.0010253751,0.000591888,0.00980045,0.00022437208,0.0005728854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020708425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004263301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9820789,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046130578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001245733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394941987","doi":"10.1063/5.0145196","title":"A versatile photon counting system with active afterpulse suppression for free-running negative-feedback avalanche diodes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Scientific Instruments","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Industry Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Research Foundation","keywords":"Photon counting; Negative feedback; Diode; Optoelectronics; Avalanche photodiode; Photon; Avalanche diode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Optics; Physics; Materials science; Detector","score_opus":0.01304166458490864,"score_gpt":0.2667772112044211,"score_spread":0.2537355466195125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394941987","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878523,0.0014857576,0.00424993,0.00015270057,0.00096141343,0.0017103027,0.00039356158,0.00024571744,0.0029483188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826119,0.000041502542,0.017014712,0.000008158536,0.000037636593,0.00007603735,0.000050230843,0.000021327096,0.000138498],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986298,0.000018731384,0.00031399974,0.00043879333,0.0003123738,0.0002862881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991233,0.00010286115,0.00018343302,0.00040017758,0.0001480611,0.000042165553],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029950106,0.00018144006,0.00034456115,0.0000794347,0.00017570629,0.00013206969,0.00026429578,0.000033577096,0.000046086803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006038226,0.00012848171,0.000110765584,0.0004238776,0.00021173347,0.00034489078,0.00015196398,0.0001377149,0.000016862712],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016720875,0.00019115304,0.0031076956,0.034558084,0.00052646047,0.000007689722,0.00074789015,0.00002221038,0.023051938,0.032619365,0.0034571947,0.90154314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022360948,0.00034598046,0.0006386561,0.28322908,0.0005812511,0.0000101106125,0.0032332917,0.042301655,0.62877524,0.00482108,0.032723915,0.0011036197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016867301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.1214985e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9004395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009805829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006257041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52393323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394983015","doi":"10.23977/jeis.2024.090118","title":"Research on Anti-Jamming for Vehicle Millimeter Wave Radar Based on Frequency Hopping Technology","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Electronics and Information Science","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Frequency-hopping spread spectrum; Extremely high frequency; Jamming; Radar jamming and deception; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Acoustics; Telecommunications; Physics; Engineering; Pulse-Doppler radar; Radar imaging","score_opus":0.02809522135006993,"score_gpt":0.3345969360089843,"score_spread":0.3065017146589144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394983015","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8473019,0.00022933813,0.14355733,0.0054347147,0.00020071819,0.00021060646,0.0000059670224,0.00004783858,0.0030116087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861493,0.00002844338,0.013694838,0.00007934391,0.000037348367,0.000002172905,6.769491e-7,0.0000036240729,0.0000042640513],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895626,0.000008384842,0.00026124722,0.00009598931,0.00035216697,0.00032592413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915665,0.0002225098,0.00010049831,0.00011529155,0.00036446666,0.000040553106],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010908125,0.00006864074,0.00010485006,0.0008881581,0.0002744007,0.0002095393,0.00017658711,0.00003886909,0.0000037382697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016902034,0.000050861916,0.000038437618,0.0009948014,0.0002487111,0.0013762842,0.00003223481,0.0004662326,0.0000039989477],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023135824,0.000021705591,0.00008542067,0.000015382318,0.000007943718,0.0000012887921,0.000074056494,0.00094479625,0.02127994,0.7025923,0.00009936491,0.27485466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010100228,0.004810467,0.0005338258,0.00062434084,0.00002071449,0.000021766009,0.0014152584,0.40296447,0.2746281,0.25737783,0.05621694,0.0003762393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.930365e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.79649e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44521448,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001175877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026660506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2110496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395484629","doi":"10.1117/12.3009340","title":"Enhancing LiDAR performance using classical/quantum time-frequency correlations","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer science; Quantum; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Physics; Geology; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.013962912195097293,"score_gpt":0.25890281105329055,"score_spread":0.24493989885819326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395484629","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5224637,0.00007301646,0.44837955,0.00036116084,0.0002480342,0.00009663134,0.0000050035387,0.00076427934,0.027608654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9390395,0.0000014731356,0.05889513,0.000013412287,0.00014251699,0.0000030399679,0.0000063706375,0.000020684287,0.0018778419],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922645,0.000008308691,0.00018264598,0.00022886883,0.00009903082,0.00025467123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995828,0.00011260293,0.00002388049,0.00020763089,0.000032139567,0.00004094314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049662736,0.00012588245,0.00012152902,0.00006466817,0.00014728129,0.00007865172,0.00010168598,0.000049306283,0.00047978194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016525115,0.00010527843,0.000060327267,0.00028839556,0.000092565155,0.00028171125,0.00007096563,0.00026499055,0.0007239866],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027114088,0.000051779334,0.0035765902,0.000024693594,0.00006463282,0.0000071383975,0.00007668034,0.0012672815,0.097079545,0.8508301,0.00038584258,0.04663304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010219429,0.00005604065,0.00037131165,0.00023292577,0.000049972743,0.0000052608943,0.00012698697,0.8297792,0.047575228,0.11779107,0.003521499,0.00038829763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014895031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.664596e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82851195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048795504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047338057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9305625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396774136","doi":"10.3390/s24102997","title":"Investigation of Automotive LiDAR Vision in Rain from Material and Optical Perspectives","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada); Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Lidar; Automotive industry; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Computer vision; Computer science; Engineering; Geology; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.008129972621859098,"score_gpt":0.2533899052452722,"score_spread":0.2452599326234131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396774136","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981555,0.00004240098,0.00046165523,0.0005692168,0.00006339131,0.00006708186,0.000027905891,0.00007850353,0.00053436117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98743075,0.0000022215413,0.012471301,0.0000027038964,0.000056083998,0.0000010641603,0.000008128006,0.000008146709,0.000019573628],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995361,0.000021452119,0.000108725966,0.00018318884,0.0000588674,0.0000916628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974823,0.00011761905,0.000017308032,0.000075380834,0.000020255691,0.000021194232],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004111693,0.00007160673,0.000112155205,0.000056815472,0.00001427642,0.000026624313,0.000030573043,0.000040262403,0.000028725028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003731736,0.00006219317,0.000019167463,0.00010540331,0.00021266483,0.00006664174,0.000045554567,0.00010256527,0.000005660941],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013935068,0.00008843235,0.01991527,0.000050597915,0.00013735882,0.00004880275,0.015718758,0.0007902138,0.39858162,0.4993616,0.000107121945,0.06506087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003670536,0.00014504149,0.05099082,0.0003120652,0.00002510208,9.2680114e-7,0.010114049,0.012434654,0.5141649,0.411092,0.00010008942,0.00025326796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010092393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000023464468,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.115583286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019366915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010273787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2536164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399366338","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2024/06/011","title":"Impact of beam far side-lobe knowledge in the presence of foregrounds for LiteBIRD","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Vetenskapsrådet; Swedish National Space Agency; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; U.S. Department of Energy; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; European Commission; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Physics; Far side of the Moon; Beam (structure); Astronomy; Particle physics; Optics","score_opus":0.020537468254566982,"score_gpt":0.3286389221303942,"score_spread":0.3081014538758272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399366338","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9329266,0.00040537343,0.06632473,0.00014058035,0.00005039142,0.00008311762,0.000011122337,0.0000052343044,0.00005287786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968023,0.0000062202243,0.0030831306,0.000003716823,0.00008949042,0.0000027679284,6.7725614e-7,0.000006737198,0.0000050003964],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993355,0.000030195102,0.00031617022,0.00008056343,0.000068672685,0.00016885054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901164,0.0005808216,0.00015692113,0.000112485126,0.00011382557,0.00002429604],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021349575,0.00008688577,0.0002480294,0.00003908388,0.00002584981,0.000013033172,0.00014682475,0.000028733384,0.000001826675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040934912,0.000054015247,0.00014815025,0.00019271193,0.0002573061,0.0001501806,0.00004028499,0.00019521585,4.2397605e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004510488,0.0009984499,0.13172314,0.00010380171,0.00040862424,0.0000121708945,0.0015415421,0.0038603626,0.06736178,0.5784728,0.000390534,0.21467574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008161271,0.0018927156,0.034295145,0.00014676081,0.000102663485,0.000021174874,0.0006939283,0.00583566,0.04971256,0.90625554,0.00011650747,0.00011118605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009726989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.6334163e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32778275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012227825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056426314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22026777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399587142","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111299","title":"Machine learning-based prediction approach for ranging resolution enhancement of FMCW LiDAR system with LSTM networks","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics & Laser Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Ranging; Lidar; Computer science; Resolution (logic); Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.006054228258033501,"score_gpt":0.2154374935252417,"score_spread":0.20938326526720819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399587142","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02014652,0.00033190512,0.9768484,0.00020830502,0.000102088045,0.0004831875,0.000031180254,0.0010369404,0.0008114541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8243762,0.000004759488,0.17519924,0.0000028899842,0.000057371228,0.000119185504,0.00011631986,0.000035130823,0.0000888782],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885136,0.000016608714,0.00028041177,0.00037345558,0.00012181895,0.0003563372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935335,0.00008380023,0.00011368954,0.0003188296,0.000104011015,0.00002629416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001488866,0.00019640932,0.0002801804,0.00024607952,0.00012636231,0.00002646758,0.0001626607,0.0001935108,0.0000038078513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001974769,0.00016634,0.00007062785,0.0005381507,0.00021574642,0.00006074337,0.000070280046,0.00041980774,0.0000021678288],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017417003,0.00018476056,0.0015573333,0.00028004133,0.00024179912,0.000005614271,0.000023360468,0.60892195,0.003061782,0.35945433,0.00004499824,0.026049852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047788065,0.00045083484,0.0000043052114,0.00022195997,0.00009284153,0.0000026580394,0.00024766894,0.960446,0.0357216,0.0009867781,0.001193232,0.00015426669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009044622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.3475427e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8042297,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008929575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003376601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67831486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399670261","doi":"10.1117/12.3019248","title":"Coherent differential imaging: squeezing additional imaging contrast behind the self-coherent camera on SPIDERS","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Contrast (vision); Differential (mechanical device); Computer vision; Optics; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","score_opus":0.0067340517326194066,"score_gpt":0.24073954985677623,"score_spread":0.23400549812415683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399670261","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33947507,0.00081261253,0.42232445,0.058167815,0.005196296,0.0031518934,0.0021830227,0.008318449,0.16037041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99664074,0.0000016756109,0.0021685895,0.00020897738,0.00044671202,0.000052761025,0.00013771602,0.00003674905,0.00030606255],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986155,0.000031175703,0.00024531723,0.0004170306,0.00026437535,0.00042657845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991169,0.00043353954,0.000051715477,0.00028490115,0.000045390865,0.000067547466],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005310274,0.00027050672,0.00018429155,0.00006455501,0.00024511802,0.00032294806,0.00022200432,0.000025720918,0.005645018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016721744,0.00017517999,0.00015927844,0.00009335486,0.00018567649,0.00015487023,0.00012998254,0.0004851952,0.0002078917],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029577248,0.00036490153,0.0032143893,0.0000229052,0.00039963037,0.000045281227,0.00027256753,0.00031093013,0.0030654373,0.5151903,0.1032982,0.37378588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028928164,0.00022215821,0.011401566,0.0012874628,0.0006117286,0.000049480586,0.0074836495,0.32090518,0.038357187,0.28225362,0.33143002,0.0031051172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000064428175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006717138,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6571657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000096297015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004706459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99526393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399670381","doi":"10.1117/12.3019318","title":"Fast resets of sub-windows on infrared detectors as a strategy for persistence mitigation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Persistence (discontinuity); Detector; Infrared; Computer science; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications; Engineering","score_opus":0.03281467565607206,"score_gpt":0.29645215811601927,"score_spread":0.2636374824599472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399670381","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93420386,0.0000620805,0.021538952,0.00034898985,0.0003054986,0.0011483772,0.00028241077,0.00036105292,0.041748755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873306,0.000002049355,0.011626639,0.000010071851,0.000076680815,0.00008157043,0.000081123966,0.000029229788,0.00076203345],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988436,0.000014648258,0.00028886908,0.0004591235,0.00016451167,0.00022926037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990612,0.0001751997,0.00014431684,0.0004434915,0.00013307524,0.000042705044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006174716,0.00024023232,0.00030058628,0.000114531314,0.000043730153,0.000057448782,0.0002429715,0.00019274435,0.000041331205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000734333,0.00020929678,0.00022549575,0.00011476479,0.00013888685,0.00003129287,0.00040947716,0.0005106673,0.000028488988],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002816566,0.00028604455,0.0006235908,0.0008618166,0.0006942666,0.000008369366,0.00041214336,0.040573724,0.0342,0.64747566,0.0016930097,0.2728897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016837145,0.00022557375,0.00012487164,0.00033847635,0.000051991006,2.5321637e-7,0.0007350863,0.004394308,0.29081616,0.702765,0.00012581369,0.00025408829],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005648336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000067074993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2726356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005630624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000107205145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8534875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399828288","doi":"10.32920/26052721","title":"FPCB Micromirror Scanning ToF LiDAR for Touchless Interface","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Interface (matter); Lidar; Laser scanning; Computer science; Materials science; Remote sensing; Optics; Geography; Laser; Physics; Operating system","score_opus":0.023647369312644353,"score_gpt":0.3232703892089279,"score_spread":0.2996230198962836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399828288","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41493717,0.0005564502,0.52860034,0.0040615923,0.0022688,0.0015561228,0.00047911127,0.0018868631,0.045653567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7962313,0.0000013691902,0.19939041,0.000026329899,0.00022655683,0.00008784771,0.00004597527,0.00006159375,0.003928584],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986031,0.000008780229,0.00029030687,0.000639583,0.00008489521,0.0003733033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991246,0.000119162614,0.00009523799,0.0005491665,0.00006069234,0.000051168885],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057707457,0.00033994703,0.0004024928,0.000080270605,0.00006609628,0.00017791221,0.0004183056,0.00020171877,0.00007938937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019766234,0.00029748844,0.0002479343,0.00007566291,0.0001052939,0.00003140125,0.0023470747,0.0008397849,0.000080396545],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014359725,0.00033137732,0.0005076501,0.0013170629,0.0015009505,0.000015293968,0.00081180065,0.0029604826,0.112297475,0.5370925,0.041476335,0.3015455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002199355,0.000048240534,0.000014982636,0.0006471345,0.000112145004,7.657628e-7,0.0007199638,0.0031398002,0.33885553,0.63605237,0.019519897,0.00066922384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008269529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000052732894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38129416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054215423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006291137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399828394","doi":"10.32920/26052721.v1","title":"FPCB Micromirror Scanning ToF LiDAR for Touchless Interface","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Interface (matter); Remote sensing; Computer science; Computer vision; Geography","score_opus":0.023647369312644353,"score_gpt":0.3232703892089279,"score_spread":0.2996230198962836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399828394","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41493717,0.0005564502,0.52860034,0.0040615923,0.0022688,0.0015561228,0.00047911127,0.0018868631,0.045653567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7962313,0.0000013691902,0.19939041,0.000026329899,0.00022655683,0.00008784771,0.00004597527,0.00006159375,0.003928584],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986031,0.000008780229,0.00029030687,0.000639583,0.00008489521,0.0003733033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991246,0.000119162614,0.00009523799,0.0005491665,0.00006069234,0.000051168885],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057707457,0.00033994703,0.0004024928,0.000080270605,0.00006609628,0.00017791221,0.0004183056,0.00020171877,0.00007938937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019766234,0.00029748844,0.0002479343,0.00007566291,0.0001052939,0.00003140125,0.0023470747,0.0008397849,0.000080396545],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014359725,0.00033137732,0.0005076501,0.0013170629,0.0015009505,0.000015293968,0.00081180065,0.0029604826,0.112297475,0.5370925,0.041476335,0.3015455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002199355,0.000048240534,0.000014982636,0.0006471345,0.000112145004,7.657628e-7,0.0007199638,0.0031398002,0.33885553,0.63605237,0.019519897,0.00066922384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008269529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000052732894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38129416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054215423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006291137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399911224","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.13821","title":"Multi-wavelength observations of the Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2023fhn","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Planetary Science Division; Science Mission Directorate; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of California, Los Angeles; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Queen's University; University of Warwick; Space Telescope Science Institute; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; California Institute of Technology; European Commission; Johns Hopkins University; Queen's University Belfast; National Science Foundation; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Central University; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Durham University; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Wavelength; Optics; Physics; Environmental science; Astrophysics; Computer science","score_opus":0.08125899674305609,"score_gpt":0.20200975565574833,"score_spread":0.12075075891269224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399911224","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9338448,0.000025086656,0.06307584,0.0002901466,0.00042668206,0.00036143395,0.00013215424,0.0001912463,0.001652593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99267143,0.000010608708,0.0054882225,0.000011181024,0.000055017226,0.0000012837785,0.000017746914,0.000029297136,0.0017152304],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874586,0.000027564533,0.00023015548,0.00062062335,0.000081174694,0.000294604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987076,0.00010534393,0.00013329889,0.00086224853,0.00012346882,0.00006806882],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000056805413,0.00028062743,0.00031887557,0.00008249465,0.00011498884,0.000027893955,0.00066564046,0.00020458309,0.000031384938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002639636,0.00024291419,0.00036088194,0.00043934575,0.00044828543,0.000046523288,0.0014342717,0.0010115089,0.000031385574],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027261998,0.000473632,0.006459698,0.0001444332,0.00047884445,0.00006105991,0.0004433055,0.24080512,0.0016951876,0.744387,0.00018313974,0.004841345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013771858,0.00011377436,0.029622398,0.0009419922,0.0013841358,0.0000037173425,0.0029119377,0.70324486,0.011205275,0.2457442,0.0018628715,0.0015876662],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001033171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026444886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49864277,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010039155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012469466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9905753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400111285","doi":"10.1109/jiot.2024.3420455","title":"Deep Quantum-Transformer Networks for Multimodal Beam Prediction in ISAC Systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion; Iran Telecommunication Research Center; Queen's University; National Research Foundation of Korea; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; National Research Foundation; Queen's University Belfast; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Transformer; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Voltage","score_opus":0.01063514100910509,"score_gpt":0.25999981515294,"score_spread":0.24936467414383492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400111285","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17773165,0.0003903183,0.81938004,0.00009805448,0.0019018592,0.00016173351,0.0000055234696,0.0000693484,0.0002614792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99463445,0.000010784697,0.004748335,0.000010112367,0.00040980135,0.000010272369,0.000003817142,0.000023516895,0.00014891621],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896795,0.000014202871,0.0004542701,0.00016396525,0.00013448542,0.00026515266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954295,0.00014449848,0.00010751664,0.00008734399,0.000071936745,0.000045759996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024975263,0.00013509986,0.00022215041,0.00013155703,0.00003337092,0.000120129596,0.00018802597,0.00009109055,0.000021296944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018022376,0.000111495116,0.00014910079,0.00010112854,0.00006726886,0.00039316827,0.000013853082,0.0005765984,0.0000046619616],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00061771914,0.0004969638,0.011870743,0.00040684285,0.0011296829,0.000065762804,0.0046544527,0.6528362,0.02335809,0.08971323,0.008581888,0.20626843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003588755,0.0001612331,0.00007193293,0.00066154514,0.000031443025,0.000030964788,0.00031777422,0.9793554,0.005313379,0.012589571,0.0009907169,0.000117181866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012029064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001721184,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8169028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007471278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018560808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45466387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400945790","doi":"10.1109/itec60657.2024.10598852","title":"A Camera-LiDAR Fusion Framework for Traffic Monitoring","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Sensor fusion; Computer science; Fusion; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Geography","score_opus":0.018590442297479835,"score_gpt":0.3064270624938272,"score_spread":0.2878366201963473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400945790","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2780875,0.00012630307,0.7185464,0.00062247715,0.00042601294,0.00013392698,0.000005047107,0.00066823175,0.0013840853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7343325,0.0000017116673,0.265019,0.000005491371,0.0002987529,0.000014902323,0.000001754453,0.000013551959,0.0003123549],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994843,0.0000026831,0.00008752174,0.00018310496,0.00005566666,0.0001867377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996076,0.00020227882,0.000009931869,0.00013695656,0.000016873384,0.000026338019],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002763333,0.00008692951,0.000086698055,0.000030885836,0.00006751198,0.00006305107,0.00007456727,0.00004702796,0.00005935875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001889565,0.00006921088,0.00006826343,0.0001207658,0.000029410034,0.00006337733,0.00003811749,0.00015610931,0.000043700195],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036269691,0.000015410842,0.00020127918,0.000009455241,0.000019232617,0.0000011435235,0.000049185703,0.00027595187,0.0010271773,0.5123257,0.00015613929,0.48591572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000161657,0.00010236157,0.00012490958,0.00030802173,0.00003701796,8.22184e-7,0.0011152775,0.01706222,0.057131447,0.889205,0.03437861,0.00037264862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000047799535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.2664752e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48554307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001659932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010161927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2822338},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401568061","doi":"10.1109/pn62551.2024.10621758","title":"Enhancing Spatial Sampling Resolution Using Multi-Port Grating Couplers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Port (circuit theory); Grating; Image resolution; Sampling (signal processing); Resolution (logic); Computer science; Diffraction grating; Optics; Remote sensing; Electronic engineering; Geology; Physics; Engineering; Telecommunications; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.049176291235169804,"score_gpt":0.3276984943716178,"score_spread":0.278522203136448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401568061","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23003244,0.000040346553,0.7685952,0.0000517954,0.0002061612,0.00007074985,0.0000035941105,0.00044074058,0.00055894454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6867361,4.463846e-7,0.31302974,0.000006665807,0.00013374168,0.0000016721968,0.000006369734,0.000014913888,0.00007033313],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991758,0.0000069116822,0.0002009545,0.00025587765,0.000097463715,0.0002630339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996859,0.0000796864,0.000032929896,0.00013886495,0.000030382662,0.00003222533],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009654481,0.000119837096,0.00011528444,0.000056814533,0.00015258066,0.00008910204,0.00006362109,0.0000430046,0.00006658727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033081866,0.0001074658,0.00005754981,0.00016285617,0.00005402099,0.00015473174,0.00007936988,0.00020419495,0.000012992804],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008413516,0.000056779376,0.005760178,0.00004191192,0.00009719503,0.000013919609,0.0002466209,0.026804784,0.7413198,0.08735465,0.00003233861,0.1382634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011962826,0.000016214135,0.00022724768,0.00017789449,0.00002625539,0.0000022740558,0.00070609443,0.917944,0.072327286,0.007580671,0.0006158827,0.0002565548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064726785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000460891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8911392,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006427894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034114826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4382328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401568570","doi":"10.1109/pn62551.2024.10621782","title":"Compressed Ultrafast Femtography by Coded-Aperture Sweeping","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrashort pulse; Computer science; Computer vision; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Physics; Laser","score_opus":0.005155952976719867,"score_gpt":0.2383765038782188,"score_spread":0.23322055090149893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401568570","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.035895593,0.0004796535,0.89188844,0.0026007697,0.00023322005,0.0001792477,0.00007477035,0.0020915275,0.06655675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98937756,0.000003552378,0.009693843,0.000138225,0.000053719672,0.000005824059,0.00003952025,0.00001978725,0.0006679509],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999303,0.0000075819426,0.00011578616,0.00025021084,0.000090320755,0.00023311714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995469,0.00018803489,0.000013766314,0.00018991943,0.000018014352,0.000043373373],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000023200742,0.00013416365,0.00012692461,0.000045461733,0.000071139824,0.00010367824,0.00013547463,0.000047447025,0.0002404735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007112042,0.00010574159,0.0000882781,0.000253348,0.00009928697,0.00010614883,0.000048573173,0.00023250142,0.00010430723],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009903868,0.00009270021,0.003117719,0.000036527734,0.00025454612,0.000010272167,0.00009691411,0.00015860346,0.223913,0.5977142,0.042149626,0.13244598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005289695,0.00010225237,0.0002730409,0.00025289383,0.000068788824,0.0000037960208,0.0009642807,0.04662855,0.2853124,0.092594974,0.5722047,0.0010653652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000031264823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.1596074e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.953482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007914899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000066961866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43120167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401568574","doi":"10.1109/pn62551.2024.10621777","title":"Accelerating Polarization Resolved Second Harmonic Generation Imaging with Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Adversarial system; Polarization (electrochemistry); Generative grammar; Computer science; Generative adversarial network; Second-harmonic generation; Superresolution; High harmonic generation; Harmonic analysis; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Physics; Electronic engineering; Deep learning; Engineering; Image (mathematics); Chemistry","score_opus":0.01589490423937019,"score_gpt":0.24393484678014085,"score_spread":0.22803994254077065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401568574","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15844107,0.00011711626,0.8377999,0.00033104725,0.00026620494,0.0002160128,0.0000063670036,0.00040411713,0.0024181497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92818797,0.0000017140447,0.07017533,0.000056656725,0.00080388953,0.000020684476,0.00018936556,0.000031208405,0.00053321396],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988564,0.000038241415,0.00022628534,0.0004291053,0.00013454999,0.00031540543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995713,0.0000562775,0.000047605346,0.00018762762,0.00009481901,0.00004233375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008503671,0.00020182758,0.00014885384,0.00007345071,0.00027477744,0.0003162987,0.00008741153,0.000059133738,0.00036268553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011804817,0.00016519628,0.00004807056,0.00030123032,0.00007726773,0.0006399289,0.00006227494,0.00029339394,0.000012149412],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041994394,0.000042148855,0.000673689,0.000008724973,0.00012459507,0.000006527645,0.00025638807,0.03907828,0.75484455,0.109381154,0.00089376955,0.0946482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028275268,0.000039710845,0.00005803879,0.000031738695,0.000026057236,0.0000011362201,0.00018211786,0.7722789,0.2248343,0.001536855,0.00050138787,0.00022701912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005786991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005690403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76974684,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008829269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000539061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67365086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402156327","doi":"10.1109/icc51166.2024.10622697","title":"Task Assignment in Extreme Edge Sensing: Balancing Response Time and Incentives","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Incentive; Task (project management); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Distributed computing; Telecommunications; Engineering; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.017726062971919077,"score_gpt":0.24459359769116581,"score_spread":0.22686753471924673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402156327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8930552,0.00021372107,0.09752989,0.0015758317,0.000090072346,0.00015072442,0.000006697287,0.00036623687,0.007011638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878427,0.0000018982487,0.010626011,0.000016209071,0.000030058342,9.797474e-7,0.0000023270716,0.00001149012,0.0014683456],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933904,0.000036677808,0.00012156058,0.0002370185,0.00006967353,0.00019601971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995675,0.0002555556,0.000013059037,0.00012373233,0.000009243058,0.000030874253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015025247,0.00010270818,0.00011597629,0.00007469771,0.000033593078,0.00006388408,0.000040581657,0.00003080507,0.000059607566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028039356,0.00008534306,0.000022150733,0.00014889186,0.00008117146,0.00010215517,0.0001114518,0.00014049678,0.00006271793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020163781,0.000099518125,0.006684221,0.000020353984,0.00008011193,0.00014226066,0.00063872756,0.0002739502,0.5081636,0.062104594,0.0014696899,0.42012137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020769597,0.0004118921,0.022825412,0.0015048311,0.00008643512,0.000026241405,0.004453047,0.3861073,0.21337624,0.2984826,0.06845578,0.00219325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015766807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000015791492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41792813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004678354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017208284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34801888},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402356767","doi":"10.1364/3d.2024.jf3a.4","title":"Binary Coded Aperture Design by Sphere Packing in Compressive Ultrafast Photography","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Photography; Coded aperture; Binary number; Aperture (computer memory); Ultrashort pulse; Materials science; Computer science; Optics; Computational photography; Computer graphics (images); Physics; Computer vision; Image (mathematics); Acoustics; Image processing; Mathematics; Art; Visual arts","score_opus":0.010211862190492142,"score_gpt":0.2467200709557236,"score_spread":0.23650820876523146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402356767","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1375114,0.0009868405,0.83564925,0.0011268654,0.00019319769,0.00056391343,0.00006673962,0.0012969585,0.022604808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97693783,0.0000069041457,0.022660766,0.0000694931,0.000026738051,0.000014979111,0.000023273187,0.00002199586,0.00023804636],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991988,0.000023826728,0.00014089196,0.00028499332,0.0000877672,0.00026372692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994121,0.00034357715,0.00002059332,0.00017159249,0.000016185639,0.000035916444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003515092,0.00016114907,0.00016166433,0.00005802574,0.00004621682,0.00007279212,0.00013589096,0.00006595344,0.00026354365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009973841,0.00012681977,0.00006647101,0.000390824,0.000101227095,0.00012449383,0.000051700194,0.00030968877,0.000041100007],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000094084135,0.0005093178,0.01108175,0.000074743904,0.00031861116,0.00017592897,0.00055946904,0.0049925903,0.69892514,0.10228706,0.045875825,0.13510546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016289959,0.0003650449,0.00076088094,0.0011288138,0.00007319739,0.0000085996135,0.0059746597,0.1633741,0.59452516,0.16362761,0.06661606,0.001916877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000065063934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000030545398,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8394264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016966718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013560623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.517156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402727510","doi":"10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.00956","title":"SPAD: Spatially Aware Multi-View Diffusers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.01699144840914252,"score_gpt":0.2842640333432479,"score_spread":0.2672725849341054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402727510","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020217448,0.00023861176,0.9584373,0.0016897806,0.00032929663,0.00016483724,0.000012914332,0.0014109432,0.017498864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94637734,0.0000057957245,0.050848864,0.000045969668,0.00007853394,0.0000056632243,0.000008124668,0.000019060863,0.0026106688],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994157,0.000005976659,0.000106981504,0.00020973048,0.00006941847,0.00019216805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968517,0.000053195978,0.000011233498,0.00019588124,0.00001726969,0.0000372613],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002321618,0.00011091322,0.00010985681,0.00003126611,0.000042157775,0.00006423414,0.00011048021,0.00003163421,0.00045157192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007753412,0.000083431085,0.00006413354,0.00012832922,0.00005946797,0.00008656639,0.00008460183,0.00014838172,0.00042609326],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000020484772,0.00007184793,0.002152362,0.000024698655,0.00006359935,0.000015827149,0.0000413865,0.00015576128,0.00090692576,0.45373744,0.0013481997,0.54147995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012520363,0.00018545211,0.002866339,0.00060662016,0.00015000356,0.0000056157432,0.0010505525,0.18156594,0.04394328,0.22577757,0.5407727,0.0018239232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000759041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010910931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92615986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016034008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017427923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5476709},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402797214","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/09/p09017","title":"A 3D photon-to-digital converter readout for low-power and large-area applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Instrumentation","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Photon; Electrical engineering; Analog-to-digital converter; Physics; Ultra low power; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Optics; Power consumption; Engineering; Voltage","score_opus":0.00760932572878935,"score_gpt":0.2720288297599892,"score_spread":0.26441950403119985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402797214","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.377999,0.000027105092,0.62039304,0.00060331257,0.00011408352,0.00023261375,0.00005506588,0.000026655978,0.00054911297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778497,0.000002522445,0.021943118,0.0000604949,0.000059692204,0.00001535828,0.000008979851,0.000008966303,0.000051162384],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995462,0.0000025699983,0.00019225018,0.000087078195,0.0000759207,0.00009603438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997052,0.00005517738,0.00006919449,0.000056437555,0.00007304899,0.000040927294],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004711982,0.00006410569,0.00009191466,0.00007688846,0.00004115648,0.000120558325,0.000047238864,0.000021239715,0.000024929976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010000394,0.000052694104,0.00004523518,0.000089868205,0.00002458052,0.00042666632,0.000020499681,0.00008088569,0.00000935551],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009879768,0.0001462976,0.003706812,0.00004698228,0.0002020166,0.000003896892,0.00060464523,0.000036670124,0.008750868,0.08594287,0.0015761082,0.89888406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006781579,0.0022303513,0.0036132596,0.0012979754,0.00041000446,0.00015623118,0.011314076,0.035540618,0.096504144,0.37717476,0.46364692,0.00133007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.3364964e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.7561369e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.897554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029864454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022039629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21488032},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402909407","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2242","title":"Bayesian estimation of cross-coupling and reflection systematics in 21cm array visibility data","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Universiteit Stellenbosch; University of the Western Cape; University of Pretoria; University of Cape Town; National Research Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission","keywords":"Physics; Visibility; Coupling (piping); Reflection (computer programming); Bayesian probability; Systematics; Astronomy; Optics; Astrophysics; Remote sensing; Statistics; Geography","score_opus":0.019195577636090446,"score_gpt":0.2990039266421932,"score_spread":0.2798083490061028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402909407","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689047,0.00007707868,0.030382665,0.00012776349,0.000107539556,0.00020181156,0.000058861195,0.000038670234,0.00010094471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9514787,4.4369997e-8,0.048443228,0.00000121457,0.00003803386,0.0000031141965,0.000013470428,0.0000102005915,0.000011973642],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989835,0.000019596637,0.0004273702,0.00029386955,0.00011476045,0.00016088283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904567,0.00024057915,0.00015290598,0.0005095684,0.00002667994,0.000024599733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032177294,0.00011946963,0.00025223906,0.000014492709,0.000058800073,0.000060414157,0.00032568097,0.00006926484,0.0000068985883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007332794,0.000087929795,0.00010356042,0.000120382785,0.00029877154,0.00020470405,0.00031264225,0.00023906017,8.4990165e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009605377,0.000046242254,0.050741814,0.00020124535,0.000046291698,1.98425e-8,0.00011414212,0.9457742,0.00017228242,0.0006019993,0.000010767823,0.0022813845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000115089606,0.000018830779,0.019409968,0.0002330579,0.00003813244,4.035622e-9,0.0002447852,0.97501546,0.0031552352,0.0016897625,0.0000063303723,0.00007334355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017516402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000900941,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03133185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000065210304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024774068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3585673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403182040","doi":"10.1109/mmm.2024.3444529","title":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Classification Using Neural Neworks and Radar Digital Twins: UAV Classification Using Neural Networks and Radar Digital Twins","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Microwave Magazine","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ansys (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Radar; Artificial neural network; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.030138320698377033,"score_gpt":0.26658188528283905,"score_spread":0.23644356458446203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403182040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87385803,0.00043232855,0.12351824,0.0005061841,0.0006422342,0.00034691786,0.00008253586,0.00032458044,0.00028894417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936769,0.000011011403,0.005071768,0.000041761672,0.0008974741,0.000004409296,0.0001373743,0.00008540872,0.00007388],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99795574,0.000035208133,0.0004909141,0.00075723126,0.00018569115,0.0005752198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990776,0.00015086237,0.0001612705,0.00038304686,0.00008302723,0.0001441788],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007886073,0.00042970278,0.00037591418,0.00014118852,0.00026006871,0.0012382274,0.00017399849,0.00019752215,0.0000065057634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032028514,0.0004184437,0.00011222104,0.00043237797,0.0004867873,0.001195095,0.00018094349,0.00054982357,0.000011680594],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018214068,0.00014199528,0.004380945,0.000053203865,0.00014895815,0.0000413097,0.00015203455,0.0046889936,0.66339356,0.0040889652,0.0003669983,0.32236087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075688236,0.000095306415,0.0023357782,0.0001217999,0.00010443757,0.000057370427,0.00025487805,0.9869012,0.0036174597,0.0037483382,0.0014158713,0.0005906287],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000015013265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002901202,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98221225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012142745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403209991","doi":"10.1109/tip.2024.3472494","title":"A Virtual-Sensor Construction Network Based on Physical Imaging for Image Super-Resolution","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer vision; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Image resolution; Image processing; Image sensor; Medical imaging; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.00926019889716287,"score_gpt":0.2700768460277042,"score_spread":0.2608166471305413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403209991","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005907348,0.000028581362,0.99061143,0.000966891,0.0004824162,0.00033609773,0.00006649463,0.0008582233,0.0007425279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.82477564,8.2292587e-7,0.17457768,0.000058228856,0.00035177,0.00008683226,0.000010572369,0.000058153528,0.0000803168],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855435,0.0000284845,0.00023184031,0.00053057284,0.00019362116,0.00046115488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992514,0.00028086663,0.00005310402,0.00023011623,0.000119719494,0.00006477241],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093441384,0.00028245978,0.0002287837,0.00015539426,0.00053709454,0.0003381993,0.00010732299,0.00005365806,0.0000313104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000099487315,0.00026854262,0.00020784237,0.00043325764,0.0003183128,0.00054382137,0.0000020148038,0.00046457042,0.00004445608],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015962454,0.00026228235,0.0000074427967,0.00009353757,0.00003919265,0.000008903663,0.00010580472,0.08162457,0.041013114,0.0026161815,0.00023498022,0.8738344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044483805,0.00011418399,0.000004021972,0.0003836279,0.00009419623,0.000005017318,0.00027419085,0.90577865,0.08140232,0.010693204,0.00049049,0.00031524652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000070819024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.643841e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8735191,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010814142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000080400605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403295637","doi":"10.1109/tgrs.2024.3477488","title":"LRSMTD: Low-Rank Plus Sparse Multiple-Term Decomposition of Defocusing Target Detection for Single-Channel Single-Band Single-Pass VideoSAR","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Term (time); Channel (broadcasting); Computer science; Decomposition; Rank (graph theory); Algorithm; Mathematics; Physics; Telecommunications; Chemistry","score_opus":0.02192378519662475,"score_gpt":0.2582675975435079,"score_spread":0.23634381234688318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403295637","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31396455,0.000051304833,0.68454045,0.00012326721,0.0007020547,0.00029264888,0.000031797565,0.0002005342,0.00009339068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8841303,0.0000066775756,0.115656815,0.00002102979,0.00010520033,7.3040775e-7,0.000005126967,0.000038827042,0.000035307785],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99814373,0.000039644052,0.00042106397,0.00065172976,0.00024304872,0.00050079904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892503,0.00043398,0.00013065,0.00027020363,0.00013605496,0.000104087536],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016684321,0.00031472335,0.00034322694,0.00033778886,0.0005737365,0.00020086452,0.000103517916,0.00014589251,0.0000032179978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021983866,0.00029762508,0.00019292206,0.0005375317,0.00045463143,0.00045673235,0.0000056783365,0.00030307623,0.0000032863209],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006971276,0.00007491351,6.255372e-7,0.000053746167,0.000025579686,0.0000056251192,0.00018070148,0.0064813094,0.57519823,0.0000145598015,9.62103e-7,0.41789404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036109824,0.00025307402,0.000008727505,0.0005177023,0.00006567539,0.00003689575,0.00025488317,0.3371417,0.6577586,0.0033133978,0.00003724704,0.00025102042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016478078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004955899,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57016575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016640054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042743555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403296844","doi":"10.1109/ted.2024.3469918","title":"Stimulated Secondary Emission of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Optoelectronics; Diode; Single-photon avalanche diode; Avalanche diode; Avalanche photodiode; Photon; Avalanche breakdown; Physics; Materials science; Electrical engineering; Optics; Detector; Engineering; Voltage; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.012172975297783772,"score_gpt":0.262862516198941,"score_spread":0.25068954090115725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403296844","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70561206,0.0003944543,0.2903247,0.00020324283,0.00021717815,0.00015920724,0.000034485704,0.0005026527,0.0025520043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980495,0.000010843843,0.0014094983,0.000015091071,0.000030858708,0.000009459668,0.0000066878506,0.000027467708,0.00044057725],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990681,0.000022844833,0.00022201969,0.0002797616,0.00013889244,0.00026841456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994959,0.00016463634,0.00004618923,0.00021146437,0.00003916387,0.00004262915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005106289,0.00017565576,0.00019859563,0.00013668017,0.00008845278,0.00003957196,0.0001244165,0.00007883612,0.00023734508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000015811482,0.0001499539,0.00011790148,0.00034585106,0.000080336424,0.00017058436,0.0000013960134,0.00040765264,0.00002926782],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008558524,0.0003687247,0.00010069778,0.00010473999,0.00026906395,0.0000052684486,0.00014115976,0.00564083,0.6894707,0.0016780013,0.00013331407,0.30200192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015453366,0.0002412084,0.000038338807,0.00015683267,0.00005989737,0.0000018070973,0.00006602071,0.0055997134,0.98705643,0.004444727,0.002009377,0.00017111651],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033329256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000075196363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3018308,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049469425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047606536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6114943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403919871","doi":"10.1109/sm63044.2024.10733374","title":"From Raindrops To Pixels: A Novel Model to Predict ADAS Camera Image Degradation in Rain","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Pixel; Degradation (telecommunications); Computer science; Atmospheric model; Environmental science; Artificial intelligence; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Image (mathematics); Meteorology; Geography; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01889110139513237,"score_gpt":0.28235786713431843,"score_spread":0.26346676573918604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403919871","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22176366,0.000007918494,0.7705648,0.0029952407,0.0000563967,0.0002290085,0.00008832706,0.00027735435,0.00401731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.64432275,2.0197932e-7,0.3545362,0.00012905858,0.00006303177,0.00002473202,0.000024670462,0.000017172706,0.00088217075],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990535,0.000007429112,0.00018837811,0.00037191587,0.0001233583,0.00025543722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995388,0.00009454673,0.000012912727,0.00024828454,0.0000263675,0.000079127545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006258455,0.00014337014,0.00015267043,0.00012563812,0.000028585313,0.000088268396,0.0001508755,0.00004255339,0.00007774189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005070153,0.00012602675,0.00004143315,0.00037814767,0.000027547952,0.00017732896,0.00015185174,0.000179823,0.00014485209],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007589782,0.00030148486,0.0006074518,0.000014728175,0.00010016008,0.00002101314,0.0017800858,0.06085031,0.2601538,0.23965175,0.011799445,0.42464387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040444173,0.00007356804,0.00028474518,0.00015712912,0.000017192944,4.9394777e-7,0.0009746426,0.8364255,0.025082517,0.13208176,0.00406891,0.0004290944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007530694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057953876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77557516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073903284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039335184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51392215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404129430","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105850","title":"RGB-LiDAR sensor fusion for dust de-filtering in autonomous excavation applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Automation in Construction","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials","keywords":"Lidar; Excavation; RGB color model; Fusion; Sensor fusion; Remote sensing; Computer science; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.011531200693971656,"score_gpt":0.27872755330484916,"score_spread":0.2671963526108775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404129430","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38215744,0.000014720923,0.6160138,0.00036313897,0.00014956457,0.00040005613,0.000008547922,0.0003494167,0.00054327043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8594541,0.000002541802,0.14012508,0.000006738343,0.00009267258,0.00023863013,0.000043426837,0.000012616456,0.00002418211],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925125,0.000017163538,0.0002761088,0.00022545291,0.0000614698,0.00016857285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996371,0.00012423542,0.000057663692,0.00012801215,0.00003563333,0.000017346552],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012696271,0.00009428751,0.00010144575,0.00024494517,0.000068001544,0.00006544945,0.00005187311,0.00007404205,0.000025974805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025027453,0.000105053805,0.000033384516,0.00038665906,0.000054987482,0.00026084943,0.000022509586,0.00013437531,0.00001621246],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006991871,0.000027830261,0.008907346,0.000051242412,0.000008192333,8.067835e-7,0.0001813616,0.003835714,0.019993078,0.26791856,0.00002072423,0.69904816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007534854,0.000042565178,0.019205883,0.00029826124,0.000022721322,0.000020054034,0.0014742656,0.5907622,0.040555574,0.34038582,0.0060607847,0.00041841486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046677535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008673594,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69862974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019861302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045856472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.428397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404467124","doi":"10.1364/ao.538616","title":"Miniaturized dual-photodiode sensor for simultaneous wavelength and irradiance measurement across the 500–1000  nm range","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Photodiode; Optics; Irradiance; Materials science; Wavelength; Optoelectronics; Range (aeronautics); Stray light; Physics","score_opus":0.01855183348439987,"score_gpt":0.26579216697535235,"score_spread":0.24724033349095248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404467124","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86439186,0.0017156667,0.10974133,0.006458351,0.0010400728,0.0048910733,0.0007332996,0.0015833427,0.009444995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9425655,0.000031295214,0.056681972,0.00010627827,0.00023604347,0.00008487537,0.00001050791,0.000048872793,0.0002346247],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985868,0.000010194163,0.00024123769,0.00042354915,0.00023924725,0.00049900345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986807,0.00071404874,0.00005445727,0.00039527006,0.000086132626,0.00006936704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023802089,0.00025597966,0.0002590762,0.000021633825,0.0002678724,0.00018231664,0.00015529519,0.000095487856,0.000006667572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005902352,0.00018334144,0.000081817976,0.00014901948,0.00026028688,0.000041905492,0.000103671155,0.0002990228,0.000026911042],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032369007,0.00018650186,0.00004385745,0.0002316231,0.000632716,0.000048159283,0.0025490476,0.0019940748,0.03926737,0.46249896,0.0012760839,0.4909479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0069705537,0.0004728677,0.00026002183,0.00040577044,0.00077839283,0.000046200155,0.009370933,0.27363187,0.14234926,0.19020261,0.37226284,0.0032486732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007319758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000505864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48769924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005476381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003279366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7476447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404526604","doi":"10.1145/3687902","title":"A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optical Light Transport","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Ray tracing (physics); Computer science; Physics; Optics; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.024375722022443133,"score_gpt":0.2765380211430187,"score_spread":0.25216229912057553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404526604","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.028260333,0.000039361683,0.96673703,0.0034409487,0.00027469467,0.00032591214,0.00006875694,0.0004932222,0.000359747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8865025,0.000013957325,0.113000065,0.000062449086,0.0000732172,0.00008220196,0.000037610025,0.00003312052,0.00019488612],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990771,0.0000074439768,0.00021807643,0.00030122322,0.00013352718,0.00026266984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928385,0.00021224566,0.00001930434,0.0003762734,0.000050874198,0.000057448524],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007034893,0.00017199526,0.00016466157,0.00016562411,0.00018504968,0.0000390351,0.0001268595,0.00011092794,0.00006074648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008307142,0.00015100857,0.00027594957,0.00038497456,0.00004850535,0.00016315587,0.0000022515922,0.00028864862,0.000012850963],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000074792595,0.00016180772,0.000044919845,0.00003373653,0.00018418471,0.000003957987,0.000096667376,0.001173509,0.0032907326,0.8576024,0.00010959303,0.13722368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010306642,0.00028333653,0.00031396796,0.00011122261,0.00032520716,0.0000036507658,0.0000910541,0.033084124,0.05249081,0.863003,0.048699707,0.0005632275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000068832046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007505117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85824215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002190093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025572002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6157951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404649422","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.14410","title":"Engineering spectro-temporal light states with physics-embedded deep learning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Mitacs; Tel Aviv University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Deep learning; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.017161906470782928,"score_gpt":0.1656251224931999,"score_spread":0.148463216022417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404649422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5624753,0.000059234786,0.432268,0.00008042023,0.0001762871,0.00021772715,0.000013106855,0.0010120115,0.0036979045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930103,0.000013227278,0.00551126,0.000003936287,0.00019527988,0.0000011475875,0.000065330685,0.00006936741,0.001130187],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851507,0.000022234795,0.00014017327,0.000815885,0.00007123561,0.00043540212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914414,0.000066589375,0.00012879257,0.00049523485,0.00007208024,0.00009317523],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047189096,0.0004160004,0.00037720206,0.00011907031,0.00009607439,0.00010062604,0.00036119152,0.00013789396,0.000054173404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007525422,0.00041368703,0.00016553506,0.00039337284,0.00009881149,0.00010395175,0.0010163763,0.0015479564,0.00013799062],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002677686,0.0000395032,0.0027265481,0.00006220912,0.0002759639,0.00017486903,0.0001246838,0.801419,0.00015482526,0.19401386,0.000026606182,0.00095514033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039626122,0.000095385476,0.00007753717,0.00034036988,0.0002734443,0.0000015946384,0.0007669031,0.6356157,0.005106546,0.35517684,0.0012025477,0.0009468674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006895479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006280599,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43053496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014355067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050729635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404985106","doi":"10.1145/3680528.3687663","title":"Coherent Optical Modems for Full-Wavefield Lidar","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ciena (Canada); Vector Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer science; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Geology","score_opus":0.018781082956322786,"score_gpt":0.2878790423741383,"score_spread":0.2690979594178155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404985106","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.028599648,0.000057129113,0.9280137,0.001388051,0.00020629243,0.00019556128,0.000010169324,0.00051063,0.04101882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9017047,7.962844e-7,0.09596145,0.000033752633,0.00016223294,0.000028469076,0.0000071240934,0.0000148001145,0.0020866708],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994084,0.0000021999374,0.00011044395,0.00020331745,0.00006239859,0.00021319183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996054,0.00016990697,0.000007716904,0.00015573978,0.000021821752,0.000039392013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000031404816,0.00009579736,0.000105708226,0.000022794948,0.00003936948,0.000063813124,0.00008347668,0.00004668868,0.00020649143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013658943,0.00007235772,0.000083707084,0.00006679693,0.000048080456,0.000060356313,0.00005957811,0.00013116752,0.00009854344],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006808366,0.000023090637,0.000023119648,0.000007755762,0.000028714296,0.0000011939718,0.000009817178,0.00010723562,0.002854955,0.89403623,0.0014477053,0.10145339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025574848,0.00021125161,0.000016190834,0.000054354216,0.000043295986,0.0000019199779,0.00023793189,0.12159445,0.068649724,0.72881174,0.07977931,0.0003440795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000056114186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012515184,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87310505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012413957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013508662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2950662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405029489","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09187-5","title":"Moiré materials based on M-point twisting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Nature","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University; Eusko Jaurlaritza; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Leverhulme Trust; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Princeton University; Princeton Center for Complex Materials; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Moiré pattern; Point (geometry); Computer science; Computer graphics (images); Physics; Materials science; Geometry; Optics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008474228687915294,"score_gpt":0.28332162434149305,"score_spread":0.27484739565357774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405029489","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23916434,0.00075485936,0.23091261,0.030651467,0.017410826,0.004202138,0.0058318283,0.0059896363,0.4650823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95714563,6.8598155e-7,0.04117568,0.0004930757,0.00032703753,0.00002276239,0.00023582822,0.000019348818,0.00057996635],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989023,0.000028830731,0.00019899306,0.00046249235,0.00016148393,0.00024586366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989264,0.00015981607,0.00013997761,0.0006656715,0.00007975092,0.00002835988],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008692471,0.00028055717,0.00034036138,0.00008851158,0.00006762615,0.00007457708,0.0003489093,0.0015037201,0.00017746615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015008877,0.0002460974,0.00010601014,0.00009379507,0.000050732746,0.000018103034,0.0005426555,0.004413272,0.000020760652],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022269839,0.00052031875,0.0015164089,0.00065534876,0.00034152888,0.00004966952,0.00008004763,0.052530862,0.0076537547,0.77824455,0.030300304,0.1278845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070412114,0.00006415082,0.0006026332,0.0023327821,0.00012077863,2.8979116e-7,0.00007844552,0.007382223,0.27229398,0.6919585,0.023273619,0.0011884815],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019029301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.9815943e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7179813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000662631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007077914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999991},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405483598","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01680","title":"Enhanced Detection Rate and High Photon-Number Efficiencies with a Scalable Parallel SNSPD","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Photonics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Center of Competence in Research Quantum Science and Technology; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; National Research Council Canada; Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur für Innovationsförderung","keywords":"Photon; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Scalability; Photonics; Photon counting; Optics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.005693332737490284,"score_gpt":0.22620985240393343,"score_spread":0.22051651966644314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405483598","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92386913,0.00010310331,0.072944984,0.00009087513,0.000104472754,0.00018883395,0.000008008827,0.00036263786,0.0023279465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98558104,0.00003102593,0.013845839,0.000030953757,0.000023694687,0.000035210058,0.000005247387,0.000027521237,0.00041947645],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990798,0.000013437079,0.00013192168,0.00035604739,0.00011088643,0.00030786786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953043,0.000100356825,0.000036466325,0.00023894,0.000046388963,0.000047429236],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007970228,0.00017988237,0.0001730848,0.00003630307,0.00013895721,0.00013101,0.0000958812,0.000061534854,0.000047165395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013725574,0.00013910407,0.000030205814,0.0003093257,0.00019749712,0.00017174566,0.00008340958,0.00025332437,0.00006525928],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033078884,0.0002910511,0.0009801061,0.00018195293,0.00046107973,0.00007229097,0.00095591904,0.0074696657,0.622554,0.17406219,0.0002132666,0.19242766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043967972,0.00014859218,0.00032735485,0.00010607206,0.00005603611,0.000010508839,0.0002851983,0.023794046,0.93468183,0.036312923,0.0034574715,0.00038026008],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013652672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017334463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31212783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003646495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036616704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5672499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405909160","doi":"10.1109/wf-iot62078.2024.10811355","title":"Leveraging Light Intensity Structural Breaks for IoT Context-Awareness","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Internet of Things; Computer science; Context awareness; Computer security","score_opus":0.01991780427679301,"score_gpt":0.28818411962358254,"score_spread":0.2682663153467895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405909160","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50728977,0.00009801093,0.4841796,0.003544918,0.0006844891,0.0002226848,0.000017675638,0.0008534998,0.0031093718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844787,1.62096e-7,0.014526283,0.00007396244,0.00015681288,0.000007713293,0.000010185147,0.000016626618,0.000729536],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993436,0.0000037385455,0.00012025369,0.0002499152,0.00005565796,0.00022686912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962604,0.000098144614,0.000016048525,0.00016165496,0.000066124,0.000031973454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000032283537,0.00012559428,0.00015827022,0.00003504919,0.000104346116,0.00008365962,0.00010625196,0.000037578968,0.00007427672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013559123,0.00009479337,0.000084522355,0.000087269356,0.000056234432,0.000072597606,0.00008783125,0.0001384967,0.00002122937],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019972009,0.000009091075,0.0032376447,0.000022220072,0.000093195726,0.0000044488456,0.00014549453,0.00007892269,0.0032055518,0.6798847,0.0019985882,0.31130016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004141302,0.000056985045,0.0011888446,0.000119865384,0.000052147574,0.00000808256,0.001625708,0.056464307,0.16769096,0.7358769,0.03596603,0.0005360112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000090091205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000055675573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47718897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025589829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026275655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38655618},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406462858","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)83414-4","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)83414-4","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Facsimile; SODAR; Computer science; Layer (electronics); Geology; Algorithm; Meteorology; Telecommunications; Geography; Materials science; Planetary boundary layer","score_opus":0.005363174921663346,"score_gpt":0.18171303162641994,"score_spread":0.17634985670475659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406462858","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.001162514,0.000011122781,0.000092736715,0.00034944,0.0000011441236,0.00011750144,0.000013586718,0.0003364675,0.9979155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0024425606,2.5266983e-8,0.0035749339,0.000014038962,0.00011836982,0.000008980918,0.000014225996,0.000022028727,0.9938048],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992355,0.000010946363,0.00013077822,0.00022261268,0.00010064302,0.00029948028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994893,0.000045005003,0.00002209461,0.0003346763,0.000026706735,0.00008220585],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003461086,0.00013855372,0.00015362933,0.00003327478,0.00007587924,0.00003221477,0.00020220058,0.000042800235,0.99233174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013321023,0.00012949247,0.000056269142,0.00017005185,0.000059885417,0.0000788436,0.0000665482,0.0001415403,0.9934429],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016519958,0.000038551985,4.714004e-7,7.645473e-7,0.000013847855,0.0000014415435,0.000004239148,0.00018926582,0.000042430907,0.00014617809,0.03599964,0.96354663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012628219,0.00005834057,0.000007875457,0.000009708126,0.000009351267,6.2698587e-7,0.0000025692232,0.00020132444,0.0010341936,0.0015585137,0.99681735,0.00017389105],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014925407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.414057e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96337277,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019390043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000948802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.528055},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406463921","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)93849-0","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)93849-0","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ranging; Underwater; Profiling (computer programming); Laser; Computer science; Remote sensing; Environmental science; Geology; Optics; Telecommunications; Physics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.005406697249806324,"score_gpt":0.18302055022003716,"score_spread":0.17761385297023083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406463921","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00085743004,0.00001264763,0.00009512035,0.00033383365,0.0000011193463,0.00012027245,0.000013318827,0.00033623262,0.99823004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0023707424,2.4589005e-8,0.0036151898,0.000013705428,0.00011682349,0.00000912692,0.000013712358,0.00002202218,0.99383867],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992334,0.000011161336,0.00013051825,0.00022339556,0.00010167899,0.00029981285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948573,0.000045069868,0.000021876484,0.0003383861,0.000026774047,0.00008216991],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035014935,0.00013823064,0.00015493095,0.000033671025,0.000076229764,0.000032178752,0.00020328598,0.00004279929,0.9921693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013404092,0.00012955058,0.000057728495,0.0001723051,0.00006170436,0.000077473,0.000065716835,0.00014156105,0.99346805],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016570802,0.000037772406,3.7925912e-7,7.3774174e-7,0.000014136197,0.0000014512746,0.0000034655668,0.00019939912,0.000039421437,0.00014744728,0.037259232,0.96228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012826629,0.000057945,0.000009166847,0.000009685642,0.000009603852,6.396067e-7,0.0000021247236,0.00020746655,0.00081662607,0.0015094036,0.997075,0.00017407429],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016755355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.1579056e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96210593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001938847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000094958095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52829194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406504763","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(97)89076-x","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(97)89076-x","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Terrain; Lidar; Sampling (signal processing); Remote sensing; Waveform; Geology; Environmental science; Computer science; Geography; Cartography; Computer vision; Telecommunications; Radar","score_opus":0.006423598602370675,"score_gpt":0.18651463629622125,"score_spread":0.18009103769385057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406504763","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027581022,0.000012550807,0.00009550351,0.00034122006,0.0000010361138,0.00011925144,0.0000118643675,0.0003288406,0.9988139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00065570587,2.9707687e-8,0.0038111962,0.000012888933,0.000119833196,0.000009268078,0.000011950128,0.000022111235,0.99535704],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922943,0.000011483537,0.00013187426,0.00022445024,0.00010185612,0.00030092555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994839,0.000046310088,0.000022444188,0.00033679724,0.000027604547,0.00008293853],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035298075,0.00014076238,0.0001567778,0.000033916163,0.00007669638,0.000032728647,0.00020402229,0.000043465985,0.99629915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013925511,0.00013132773,0.000056493667,0.00017045831,0.00006219221,0.00007971322,0.00006686442,0.00014557975,0.9991092],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001782098,0.00003604695,1.7114854e-7,7.277314e-7,0.000013047509,0.0000013702065,0.0000033402785,0.00017783749,0.000014465761,0.0001242115,0.011932582,0.98767835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014129239,0.000060037073,0.000002116111,0.000009976105,0.000009585489,5.837666e-7,0.0000023767725,0.00019236493,0.0008187617,0.0014544167,0.9971328,0.00017570048],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001554756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.074149e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9875027,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019302328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000096033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.535539},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406578865","doi":"10.1016/s1544-8800(06)70946-0","title":"10.1016/s1544-8800(06)70946-0","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Aliskiren; Line (geometry); Medicine; Internal medicine; Mathematics; Renin–angiotensin system; Geometry","score_opus":0.004489950507913711,"score_gpt":0.18012623413063833,"score_spread":0.17563628362272463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406578865","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.001476614,0.000010425982,0.00010342859,0.00037990068,7.4948645e-7,0.00012235684,0.000013445258,0.00033986475,0.9975532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0029818201,2.9167383e-8,0.0040651346,0.000012712541,0.000113575115,0.000009072751,0.000014849864,0.00002287947,0.9927799],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921757,0.00001102692,0.00013354178,0.00022698806,0.00010298331,0.00030789635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947536,0.000046563786,0.00002217412,0.00034271457,0.000027855898,0.00008532655],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003384729,0.00014203855,0.00015826568,0.00003549513,0.000060531966,0.00003223297,0.00020333381,0.00004350457,0.9866081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013351348,0.00013337463,0.00005769352,0.00017333824,0.00006252337,0.00007784999,0.000069539514,0.00014370981,0.9921091],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015473934,0.000041881303,7.4679195e-7,8.3809516e-7,0.000014872795,0.000001502328,0.0000034689313,0.00022848758,0.00008312682,0.00012757012,0.10548119,0.8940008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013175473,0.000053909098,0.000018351628,0.000010119949,0.000009517358,6.591557e-7,0.0000020940836,0.00023156039,0.00067438226,0.0013943911,0.9972958,0.00017745423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018880339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.949466e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8938234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019816038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010271621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.543886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407128690","doi":"10.1109/tits.2025.3532687","title":"Advancing LiDAR Intensity Simulation Through Learning With Novel Physics-Based Modalities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Modalities; Intensity (physics); Computer science; Physics; Remote sensing; Optics; Geology","score_opus":0.021110512435623667,"score_gpt":0.280270555817134,"score_spread":0.25916004338151033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407128690","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.058279645,0.000017085331,0.9398359,0.00009235713,0.0004259544,0.00044698172,0.00006768708,0.0004229573,0.00041141402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99281657,0.0000030693975,0.00655889,0.000043585896,0.000039090446,0.000074494325,0.000043978576,0.000031399482,0.00038890302],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985813,0.000029324561,0.00045452025,0.00038879292,0.00025475738,0.0002913028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989695,0.00026923808,0.0001504192,0.00026264993,0.00030639148,0.000041783318],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008005664,0.00027733864,0.00033364852,0.00012054453,0.00032558135,0.000063379906,0.00011112979,0.00008489733,0.000022769851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031540862,0.00025571545,0.00013425855,0.0004793817,0.00011967084,0.0002862747,3.36495e-7,0.00042534128,0.000011325177],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015308138,0.00017569885,0.00077968993,0.000053148724,0.00011142457,9.769053e-7,0.0003822376,0.9821003,0.00086087163,0.009972713,0.0000019907898,0.00540784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014519516,0.00037641148,0.00047578395,0.0012444158,0.00031121075,5.961277e-7,0.009850504,0.67244244,0.30620402,0.0035801537,0.003229634,0.0008329043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039122364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032953805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93453693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011025069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000065925655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407268455","doi":"10.1109/lsp.2025.3539908","title":"Deep Unrolled Graph Laplacian Regularization for Robust Time-of-Flight Depth Denoising","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Regularization (linguistics); Noise reduction; Laplacian matrix; Laplace operator; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Image denoising; Graph; Algorithm; Mathematics; Theoretical computer science; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.009894748165495307,"score_gpt":0.24054630816262212,"score_spread":0.23065155999712683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407268455","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.042152606,0.000059922924,0.9553167,0.0011793417,0.000078757366,0.0002629112,0.000003061746,0.0001567376,0.0007899238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8928597,2.8232685e-7,0.10649577,0.00033027507,0.000087654385,0.000018288005,0.000019963145,0.00002554835,0.00016253535],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893737,0.000022316914,0.00030035363,0.00030568958,0.0001308527,0.0003034411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993753,0.00012269647,0.00018448988,0.00016914475,0.00011791926,0.000030449644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000103007,0.00018627952,0.00026884844,0.00018109224,0.0002479668,0.00007526072,0.00020344948,0.00007289483,0.000008035457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020867257,0.0001791245,0.00010612468,0.0004893986,0.0001770567,0.00018567087,0.000030260491,0.00014632067,0.0000029909684],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024604693,0.00016080457,0.0032958472,0.00024618363,0.00021912731,0.00000346995,0.00023956539,0.15804574,0.54036665,0.0062730955,0.0015138083,0.2893897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022396094,0.000087557455,0.00035626374,0.0007891845,0.00026570112,0.0000012363039,0.00023566686,0.23686765,0.67243946,0.085497074,0.00048561537,0.00073500664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000043622135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.971133e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85070705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035452245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004457383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7304485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408047970","doi":"10.1109/ted.2024.3520276","title":"Corrections to “Stimulated Secondary Emission of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes”","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital; TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Diode; Physics; Single-photon avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Avalanche diode; Photon; Avalanche breakdown; Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Detector; Voltage; Quantum mechanics; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.009438951198929632,"score_gpt":0.2658808845373146,"score_spread":0.256441933338385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408047970","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46256748,0.000034264205,0.5313159,0.0003395214,0.00026545062,0.00022778647,0.00002082223,0.0002268014,0.00500198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99607486,0.0000029393116,0.0024273088,0.000086970125,0.000014681556,0.000024239616,0.0000049246496,0.000015896376,0.001348176],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990191,0.000027865739,0.0002604939,0.0002902157,0.00011209265,0.00029027293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993351,0.00016095788,0.00006837275,0.0002928484,0.00008780625,0.00005491833],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047674544,0.00017911554,0.00023882723,0.00023867677,0.0001836907,0.000022110897,0.00016008152,0.00008359321,0.00013093831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005328237,0.00017071693,0.00010611912,0.0007075519,0.000060233015,0.00009809619,0.0000026253626,0.00036310925,0.000019800384],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027940332,0.0010514028,0.00090061483,0.000048769936,0.0003215491,0.0000012064534,0.00015430542,0.034403943,0.67981935,0.0017651689,0.00056938105,0.2806849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029368795,0.0002549896,0.00023418489,0.00011722909,0.00006257661,4.2596415e-7,0.00012027205,0.0016491159,0.9920411,0.0022705672,0.0027866997,0.00016916521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008594604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003911119,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5335074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008275309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006509567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6961634},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408603067","doi":"10.1117/12.3043924","title":"Measurements and modelling of secondary photon emission from SPADs and SiPMs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Queen's University; TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Photon; Optoelectronics; Photonics; Physics; Computer science; Optics","score_opus":0.029503288345736168,"score_gpt":0.2529229729505541,"score_spread":0.22341968460481793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408603067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83074546,0.00012011322,0.15783803,0.000073538096,0.000017308794,0.000047750247,0.0000036577724,0.000029129309,0.011124981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96312803,0.0000053778504,0.036663335,0.000013561112,0.000005134797,7.586284e-7,0.0000028268348,0.0000028863328,0.000178118],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996666,0.0000044350068,0.00009029867,0.00012562738,0.000044292585,0.00006876294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981606,0.000033120185,0.000019361454,0.00009403178,0.000020189824,0.000017207143],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000262566,0.000058935617,0.00010182229,0.00002150334,0.00003276248,0.000009183748,0.000032428077,0.000027078315,0.000028789365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004547904,0.00004825372,0.000011534888,0.00003937064,0.00005010928,0.00004382218,0.000075301214,0.0000679485,2.977897e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000087151384,0.00015145104,0.150891,0.000058326215,0.00022799935,8.0302146e-7,0.00017957826,0.0028803966,0.24262837,0.0339475,0.00030516004,0.56864226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004703517,0.000018250961,0.0009188249,0.00009556595,0.000022692517,4.012527e-8,0.00022051799,0.06093486,0.6912887,0.24565856,0.00026810134,0.000103506485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019667037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013127305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5685387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000043967457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008346144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19677296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408645799","doi":"10.3788/ai.2025.50001","title":"3D Gaussian adaptive reconstruction for Fourier light-field microscopy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced imaging.","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Schlieren photography; Photography; Schlieren; Diffraction; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Computer science; Art; Physics; Visual arts","score_opus":0.004797959057789275,"score_gpt":0.27186578657654203,"score_spread":0.26706782751875274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408645799","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006230238,0.0001918028,0.9624657,0.0042564706,0.00069176016,0.0004121592,0.000016881077,0.00028106713,0.025453929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4395727,0.0000037461275,0.55907863,0.00029230077,0.00007959047,0.000062514926,0.000006923969,0.00001885902,0.000884767],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990268,0.0000093005265,0.00020389938,0.000360825,0.00005638762,0.00034282313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992801,0.0001587214,0.00008778227,0.00033577028,0.000101458085,0.00003619161],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000039481394,0.00017995146,0.00020099094,0.00008904391,0.00018723964,0.00003754335,0.00015213694,0.000039668692,0.00003021821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007535014,0.0001751482,0.000087397464,0.00020424693,0.000096674725,0.0002749977,0.000071406736,0.00019072811,0.000012732328],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000828,0.000029639017,0.002183806,0.0000066031994,0.00003774131,7.105697e-7,0.000018634732,0.000055649936,0.017905377,0.07743503,0.00115544,0.90108854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013631997,0.00009535988,0.00019515572,0.00020834658,0.00006136041,0.0000027752571,0.0007341908,0.0060516614,0.45095867,0.44729358,0.09258312,0.0004525999],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001261658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018737379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90063596,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047510737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035732563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71423364},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408665621","doi":"10.1117/12.3043327","title":"Speckle noise reduction in coherent spatial frequency domain imaging","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Speckle noise; Speckle pattern; Reduction (mathematics); Frequency domain; Noise reduction; Noise (video); Optics; Computer science; Physics; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Mathematics; Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.00478326965921354,"score_gpt":0.24829507042059934,"score_spread":0.2435118007613858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408665621","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.515556,0.00002774969,0.33397302,0.0022959951,0.00027957733,0.00019489504,0.0000021358996,0.00019551835,0.14747511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9495723,5.772987e-7,0.050006114,0.000015880152,0.000050469655,0.000007494575,0.000004250908,0.000004568995,0.00033830575],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994687,0.000010429813,0.0001383008,0.0001711172,0.000047892932,0.00016357911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976027,0.00001641175,0.000024059997,0.0001672383,0.000017933227,0.000014073696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035288813,0.00007902853,0.00009478531,0.000069043606,0.00003772517,0.000019389383,0.0000768279,0.000018703764,0.00016248842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008022218,0.0000720745,0.000027977536,0.00017223519,0.00006333509,0.00007379481,0.00005816622,0.000130429,0.000022269418],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008217831,0.00009732525,0.06993359,0.000003259347,0.000009969354,0.0000027323683,0.000031887226,0.00007314956,0.02454178,0.7777964,0.00040949482,0.12709217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036191338,0.000007570645,0.008373376,0.00003540188,0.000004450635,3.634004e-7,0.0006814576,0.000527063,0.023825807,0.965458,0.0006021226,0.00012247596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00096411404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003612987,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43401635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059621867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017977416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29391128},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408687528","doi":"10.1117/12.3057459","title":"An experimental model for the photon depth statistics of re-emitted near-infrared light (Conference Presentation)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Presentation (obstetrics); Infrared; Photon; Photon statistics; Photon counting; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Optics; Physics; Statistics; Remote sensing; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.028316288505003465,"score_gpt":0.3324706943011701,"score_spread":0.30415440579616665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408687528","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04058269,0.000011814383,0.95069647,0.00017809903,0.000035967743,0.0003352462,0.000051683957,0.000066642635,0.008041369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7608294,5.5709654e-7,0.23807214,0.000028195438,0.000006776973,0.00003620708,0.00002250095,0.0000055467854,0.000998701],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948597,0.000010181001,0.0001586768,0.00014632213,0.00006911575,0.00012970563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993598,0.00018899418,0.000051306713,0.00028533442,0.00009629138,0.000018274372],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000032978973,0.000086329106,0.00010899756,0.000016638533,0.000106259184,0.00003969135,0.00018200131,0.000028146223,0.000055296216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024887784,0.00006121614,0.000029909465,0.00008246003,0.00011119014,0.00009039027,0.000053404954,0.0000627183,0.0000011712177],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086650005,0.00018757829,0.0013086925,0.000008768121,0.000059595182,1.2483702e-7,0.0002863828,0.005927378,0.03614868,0.94112694,0.0027399787,0.012119251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021093422,0.00002860299,0.0001347878,0.0000054562042,0.000012211232,1.2900201e-8,0.00082798384,0.5936538,0.30185762,0.103097446,0.000119927965,0.000051216164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004728641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011289672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83802944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012426577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047641683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24963218},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408703633","doi":"10.1109/emts57498.2023.10925281","title":"Radar Fusion for Enhanced Driver Monitoring","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Fusion; Computer science; Radar; Sensor fusion; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Geology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.019196548961179054,"score_gpt":0.2893608200741465,"score_spread":0.2701642711129674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408703633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64993536,0.0000026023904,0.34316105,0.00026429183,0.00021576147,0.00014777452,0.0000033432482,0.0006745269,0.005595279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93042177,0.0000014204928,0.067639485,0.0000038087585,0.00013519789,0.000014009863,0.000005779975,0.000009500385,0.0017690121],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99957925,0.0000019882837,0.00006618493,0.00012547859,0.000049399296,0.00017772261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974024,0.000077408185,0.0000166277,0.00012239927,0.000024399544,0.000018923938],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000023857832,0.00005951915,0.00006995488,0.000027048342,0.00007844608,0.000011232293,0.000068141555,0.000021591475,0.000032946027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013362334,0.00005002694,0.000038684975,0.00013216842,0.000022510974,0.00005065444,0.0000680767,0.000045660945,0.00010221205],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012774811,0.000024811938,0.0028833474,0.000005324604,0.000023704308,6.661953e-7,0.00006122872,0.00020541351,0.47968188,0.11818901,0.0014124583,0.39749938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002373935,0.000024158884,0.0012070297,0.000011358239,0.0000045294787,2.4253035e-8,0.00037388812,0.0005560947,0.89522916,0.09779938,0.004444505,0.000112468544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000609041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.4744775e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41554728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008779448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000038034307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20400394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409078243","doi":"10.1109/edr.2025.3556785","title":"Silicon-Based Single Photon Avalanche Diode Technologies: Structures, Performance, and Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE electron devices reviews.","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Single-photon avalanche diode; Optoelectronics; Avalanche diode; Silicon; Diode; Photon; Avalanche photodiode; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Optics; Detector; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.020822773420352825,"score_gpt":0.2647383414570693,"score_spread":0.2439155680367165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409078243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7896443,0.19090731,0.0023595523,0.0024562925,0.00026638477,0.0012830071,0.000009490462,0.0013131045,0.011760532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871218,0.009167238,0.0033424147,0.0001243491,0.0000397352,0.00007791184,0.000007388953,0.000019881336,0.00009923239],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985178,0.000044149358,0.00035016704,0.00048511167,0.00010998872,0.0004927447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990882,0.00012565979,0.00016807983,0.0005392218,0.00004697839,0.000031827625],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014243995,0.00032369458,0.0005386595,0.00014228908,0.00014335303,0.00004764843,0.00033980576,0.00013658818,0.000014415477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043982935,0.00025662952,0.00008950346,0.00035280877,0.00020305534,0.000095213094,0.00007419589,0.0004010804,0.000017358538],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019256217,0.00008092232,0.0058059883,0.00050690287,0.000062704865,9.09217e-7,0.00001944402,0.00004590289,0.0062614963,0.011454254,0.00047660802,0.9752656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000668961,0.00031663768,0.0015705565,0.00073895283,0.00012411406,0.0000019875986,0.00014855922,0.0014022896,0.38324752,0.01794743,0.5931455,0.0006874638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010104384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015878004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97457814,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006307669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037995756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409082675","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/20/04/c04005","title":"Modeling of AlInAsSb waveguide avalanche photodiodes for MWIR applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Instrumentation","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Crosslight Software (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Avalanche photodiode; Photodiode; Optoelectronics; Single-photon avalanche diode; Materials science; Waveguide; Optics; Physics; Detector","score_opus":0.013042054430013258,"score_gpt":0.3109173045464689,"score_spread":0.2978752501164556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409082675","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27500036,0.000021764572,0.723443,0.00022565946,0.0000522621,0.00013713178,0.000006150332,0.0000075354073,0.0011061411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8541844,0.000005539324,0.14570864,0.00001591992,0.000040416522,0.000010437518,0.000005175834,0.000003583098,0.000025893165],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943125,0.0000068678382,0.00035862622,0.000057194844,0.00007387475,0.00007220243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994302,0.000054036016,0.0002168164,0.00007905723,0.00020651623,0.000013401525],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000957176,0.000053856842,0.00013207571,0.000085132924,0.000045897275,0.000011248083,0.00008765535,0.00002364076,0.0000054001503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021067191,0.00004727929,0.00007677612,0.0001074875,0.00002880629,0.00011535442,0.000016082087,0.000070487724,3.888878e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016862724,0.00027130288,0.0068687736,0.00009112415,0.00033635076,2.7824262e-7,0.00018764462,0.06292223,0.1301922,0.3324322,0.00031747716,0.46621177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001458085,0.00011882239,0.0002226815,0.00016295495,0.00012264468,0.0000015477614,0.002199452,0.1350201,0.4829888,0.37664676,0.00094022066,0.00011794372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007659862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.8633304e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57918406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003387867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040288105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.19279934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409218926","doi":"10.22541/essoar.174405188.89584578/v1","title":"Diagnosing the rapid loss of outer radiation belt electrons due to strong chorus-driven wave-particle interactions along an electron injection path","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Exeter; Canadian Space Agency; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Chorus; Van Allen radiation belt; Electron; Particle (ecology); Physics; Radiation; Computational physics; Path (computing); Atomic physics; Nuclear physics; Geology; Magnetosphere; Plasma; Computer science","score_opus":0.015695256005033503,"score_gpt":0.2929724734116648,"score_spread":0.2772772174066313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409218926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7285763,0.000038341226,0.2673162,0.0015426517,0.00032407086,0.0006881928,0.00004700928,0.00022122827,0.001245977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99097586,0.000010870322,0.008340504,0.000047020778,0.00022463028,0.00011581792,0.00012239514,0.000023058536,0.00013985658],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983474,0.00010856353,0.00043738662,0.00049595203,0.0001666042,0.00044410359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986441,0.00023290297,0.00022784306,0.00069360086,0.00013706405,0.00006448711],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001291651,0.00028382556,0.0003588454,0.00012677266,0.00021862479,0.00010008438,0.00028468214,0.000116026546,0.000064815955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005904118,0.00023419588,0.00015482018,0.00028534772,0.000081051185,0.00023194114,0.0004208574,0.000855447,0.0000060480643],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016756888,0.00095020107,0.020956885,0.00005278834,0.0007579462,0.000006035855,0.0015776757,0.11730956,0.015934197,0.17427865,0.0009040346,0.6671045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010907562,0.001256325,0.035116296,0.00059330824,0.00061613304,0.00001327473,0.0023186505,0.13927047,0.75021875,0.06475839,0.0030674343,0.0016802297],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00076238584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020684836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7342845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022522695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000103562605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95502305},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409262428","doi":"10.1109/wacv61041.2025.00845","title":"Transientangelo: Few-Viewpoint Surface Reconstruction Using Single-Photon Lidar","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Computer science; Surface reconstruction; Photon; Remote sensing; Surface (topology); Optics; Geology; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.01860204980819658,"score_gpt":0.2640251464337626,"score_spread":0.24542309662556605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409262428","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7189807,0.000046895722,0.25118104,0.00054066785,0.0002653004,0.0001459782,0.0000041873573,0.00024511377,0.028590089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.870181,0.000001982373,0.12928008,0.00006238196,0.000023277335,0.0000012107246,0.0000028445252,0.00000943542,0.00043778116],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999237,0.000017143353,0.00020040051,0.00024739365,0.00006968373,0.00022840094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996042,0.000045615117,0.000045962344,0.00022684543,0.000049200655,0.000028144288],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049421946,0.000134647,0.00017376312,0.000050148225,0.00011607083,0.000038586608,0.00009349653,0.000055412343,0.00016159334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000104711935,0.00012327029,0.000074635136,0.00029424304,0.000115857685,0.0001271089,0.00004519548,0.00015518565,0.000015014543],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003633923,0.00020253433,0.00963838,0.000025260866,0.000120120654,0.0000029076523,0.00007244553,0.0014920885,0.28855667,0.17797053,0.00020093437,0.5216818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053960684,0.000047331167,0.00028997852,0.00020374643,0.00006282465,0.0000056347276,0.0010760154,0.009326828,0.8426634,0.1403133,0.0050978735,0.0003734532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010321188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000061703818,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5541068,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007617831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024141851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5026817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410191620","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5246895","title":"Lidar-3dgs Lidar Reinforcement for Multimodal Initialization of 3d Gaussian Splats","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Initialization; Gaussian; Remote sensing; Computer science; Reinforcement; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Computer vision; Engineering; Physics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.011718274706258351,"score_gpt":0.2867398672707054,"score_spread":0.275021592564447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410191620","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017206086,0.00030737746,0.9772032,0.00041530057,0.00046905116,0.00066602754,0.000070609254,0.000084413936,0.0035779728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9774785,0.00027517887,0.020602426,0.000020103615,0.0004240511,0.00003369792,0.00014154679,0.000032960215,0.0009915481],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99713665,0.000037704107,0.0006809317,0.00035199267,0.00025065336,0.0015420645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99851096,0.00009723829,0.0006635176,0.0003994864,0.00027359143,0.000055214314],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004771707,0.00034618165,0.0005095899,0.0002157865,0.00018244448,0.000062977764,0.0004712198,0.00025759,0.000029560837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008406931,0.00032907608,0.00028126006,0.00014313063,0.00010074477,0.000104295774,0.00037432509,0.002438951,0.000002892013],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016404533,0.000119106044,0.0007302523,0.00009547089,0.00070689793,8.968411e-7,0.00010772485,0.018464867,0.00024130927,0.8612002,0.000042982203,0.11812623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011536833,0.00032955798,0.000049180115,0.00041648975,0.00021496226,0.0000057110205,0.00054226303,0.006572277,0.005343922,0.98364824,0.0013047317,0.00041900604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008648732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026518024,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96027243,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00062281574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002175682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410907158","doi":"10.21428/d82e957c.58a61852","title":"A Target-Based Extrinsic Calibration Framework for Non-Overlapping Camera-Lidar Systems Using a Motion Capture System","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Calibration; Computer vision; Motion capture; Motion (physics); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Remote sensing; Geography; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.013564697437505715,"score_gpt":0.26407998063438665,"score_spread":0.25051528319688093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410907158","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.022879228,0.000044657387,0.97444737,0.00024133487,0.0004590874,0.00079036993,0.000020820862,0.0003757586,0.0007413816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7237862,6.292997e-8,0.275909,0.00003427787,0.000098695746,0.00004695293,0.00002125219,0.000015756274,0.00008784153],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989499,0.000025644496,0.0002930389,0.00032709583,0.00011199028,0.0002923645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921274,0.00019419342,0.00013090072,0.00031597732,0.00010983613,0.000036330293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008414168,0.0001943141,0.00029243168,0.00011279211,0.00021785365,0.00011745729,0.000119107,0.00015881509,0.0000054751217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043518678,0.0001758693,0.000103142935,0.00034145752,0.000042620868,0.00014856136,0.00004030753,0.00019448808,0.0000024099538],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023511759,0.000041276537,0.0017496679,0.00022082003,0.000059035825,0.0000010347545,0.00002665132,0.035240117,0.0042192056,0.9560853,0.00009442805,0.0022389528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004022263,0.000016449516,0.00004220776,0.0006712701,0.00004971822,4.0467881e-7,0.0019527945,0.96783286,0.011405187,0.017136466,0.00026610875,0.00022428877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028790778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013573136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9389488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017556458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007615441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7171742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411086864","doi":"10.1109/lwc.2025.3577135","title":"Prediction of Wireless Channel Statistics With Ray Tracing and Uncalibrated Digital Twin","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Ray tracing (physics); Wireless; Channel (broadcasting); Shadow mapping; Statistics; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Computer network; Telecommunications; Mathematics","score_opus":0.016358012824108058,"score_gpt":0.23889377246199814,"score_spread":0.22253575963789007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411086864","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4947698,0.00001788085,0.5033356,0.001193194,0.00003128149,0.00012025609,0.00017398527,0.00008771127,0.0002702686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984453,0.0000131059,0.015288895,0.00007143104,0.000010183101,0.000019984598,0.000100911384,0.00001417001,0.000028297876],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993242,0.000033655415,0.0002403639,0.00016139261,0.00008530361,0.00015510985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987951,0.00025818747,0.000114966504,0.0007289775,0.00007518124,0.000027607784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041534568,0.00012994857,0.00019238955,0.00008996707,0.00016211647,0.000055950502,0.00031799168,0.00003836041,0.0000015630638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007850069,0.00012001706,0.000021298027,0.0002909534,0.00057307107,0.00020785205,0.00011924901,0.00022664132,0.0000011227594],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002727789,0.0014459878,0.12681043,0.00029876715,0.0014060129,0.000007626026,0.0026046701,0.025292058,0.13784263,0.36948195,0.004168669,0.33036843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007307639,0.00046072577,0.037788685,0.002994742,0.0006554449,0.000010384922,0.009424589,0.76390314,0.13418908,0.039090578,0.0020540806,0.0021208997],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000042280884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000041856724,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7386111,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002355183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025873827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48941535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411336717","doi":"10.1109/trpms.2025.3579209","title":"Time-of-Flight Requirements to Mitigate Blurring Induced by Annihilation Photon Acollinearity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Québec Consortium for Drug Discovery","keywords":"Annihilation; Photon; Physics; Computer science; Nuclear physics; Aerospace engineering; Optics; Engineering","score_opus":0.020206939072489747,"score_gpt":0.3019454125726915,"score_spread":0.2817384735002017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411336717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8656888,0.00000713859,0.13023262,0.0024446296,0.00021730074,0.00015982235,0.000023357,0.00005005922,0.0011762803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986885,0.000008181423,0.0010245732,0.000115386174,0.000010348136,0.000009470601,0.0000031046363,0.0000018943445,0.00013849855],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991398,0.000023741097,0.0001931798,0.00021172012,0.0002842401,0.00014731778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960715,0.00015321844,0.000047700873,0.00007389319,0.000022012468,0.00009602985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021049636,0.00008291413,0.00011713082,0.000120410186,0.00024109085,0.000027028223,0.00011787811,0.00006638251,0.00017061042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024761235,0.000071268274,0.000026772757,0.0005126138,0.00018986446,0.00012304708,0.0000027167728,0.00013645155,0.000013357727],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047925394,0.0003107295,0.0013473901,0.000014998,0.000056633053,5.933452e-7,0.00027975466,0.00653649,0.03206563,0.0026523843,0.00075309596,0.9559344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010003962,0.00033164403,0.00090194045,0.0001852823,0.000040439816,4.79487e-7,0.000225025,0.21703249,0.7724479,0.003922189,0.0036142871,0.00029790433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000045885732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005450286,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9556365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018979932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005539054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29062358},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411397799","doi":"10.18280/ijsse.150416","title":"Robust Firearm Detection in Low-Light Surveillance Conditions Using YOLOv11 with Image Enhancement","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Poison control; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Medical emergency; Medicine","score_opus":0.004514622531380587,"score_gpt":0.22818615620378296,"score_spread":0.2236715336724024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411397799","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55892414,0.00005205958,0.4402528,0.00035038125,0.00017289887,0.000034429228,0.000006106255,0.000010285311,0.00019689435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99440205,0.000024955156,0.0054982486,0.000008342044,0.000053804957,6.6518965e-7,0.0000022551474,0.0000040596815,0.0000056400627],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995046,0.0000068430754,0.00021827845,0.00007553429,0.00010337644,0.00009136824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99967706,0.000055428874,0.00008142654,0.000043167915,0.00012340746,0.000019484365],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008540699,0.000074301286,0.00012138178,0.00013297852,0.000029068828,0.000027203798,0.00008468624,0.000023890845,0.000011688957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002394295,0.00006730176,0.000026916492,0.00010651008,0.000027639117,0.00017165563,0.000035323348,0.00019853786,2.8189825e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001058025,0.00061472453,0.03067619,0.000121537225,0.0011695543,0.00020871697,0.0009141297,0.6951799,0.15990902,0.07389163,0.000025548074,0.03623107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0061065825,0.00028639133,0.058166936,0.0032055236,0.00007709577,0.00016358001,0.001211872,0.68546844,0.21675198,0.023945887,0.0036985115,0.00091724197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001967596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010544217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4354779,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000832089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017699125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2744486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411799371","doi":"10.1109/edtm61175.2025.11040184","title":"A 2-D Noise Model for CMOS Single Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Single-photon avalanche diode; CMOS; Avalanche diode; Diode; Optoelectronics; Noise (video); Photon; Avalanche photodiode; Physics; Electrical engineering; Materials science; Computer science; Optics; Detector; Engineering; Voltage; Breakdown voltage","score_opus":0.01982532050576327,"score_gpt":0.2747903062006121,"score_spread":0.2549649856948489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411799371","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04737782,0.000013610848,0.91166323,0.0005749704,0.000041353236,0.00021557925,0.000011577437,0.0002356458,0.039866216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83054805,3.952807e-7,0.16290066,0.0000931479,0.000017694372,0.000033488894,0.0000060881025,0.0000075022017,0.0063929744],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994794,0.0000027741867,0.000106296306,0.00017738173,0.000039295654,0.00019481273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996229,0.00008229641,0.00002223139,0.00021215157,0.000041568666,0.00001884228],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025808942,0.000095097064,0.00012413693,0.000030786035,0.00006883682,0.000025017624,0.00010905331,0.000036373294,0.000020536916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024521103,0.000078680576,0.000065967324,0.00008816758,0.000053455573,0.000055463555,0.00006847314,0.00006645167,0.0000085187085],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035997225,0.00022876724,0.001298226,0.000016479697,0.0000739582,2.0911459e-7,0.000042271666,0.0043891734,0.03867925,0.88188994,0.0042274366,0.06911827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032326175,0.000019994217,0.000016648362,0.000017685576,0.000020672293,3.6023092e-8,0.00009358615,0.39709383,0.14736083,0.4525013,0.0024348488,0.00011730309],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011768581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000247401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7831702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021015365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017746423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32085007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412597362","doi":"10.33012/navi.709","title":"Spherical Grid-Based IMU/Lidar Localization and Uncertainty Evaluation Using Signal Quantization","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NAVIGATION Journal of the Institute of Navigation","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Lidar; Grid; Inertial measurement unit; Remote sensing; Quantization (signal processing); Environmental science; SIGNAL (programming language); Aerospace engineering; Computer science; Geodesy; Geography; Engineering; Computer vision","score_opus":0.021361566416052438,"score_gpt":0.3135094204630394,"score_spread":0.292147854046987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412597362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5254802,0.00005327699,0.4735439,0.0003095819,0.0003740666,0.00017731286,0.0000038164226,0.0000100002935,0.000047786943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810101,0.0000014020653,0.0188022,0.00003173808,0.000101180434,0.000002017526,0.000040625797,0.0000072991315,0.0000034623445],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856055,0.00012240738,0.000613462,0.00013468388,0.00046359576,0.0001053114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99793595,0.00007560531,0.00083350437,0.00016100233,0.0009629241,0.00003102],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055013143,0.00012700571,0.00020961545,0.00009206269,0.00020628593,0.000041813833,0.00016050976,0.000084389045,0.000007828163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015289901,0.000099416495,0.00009328973,0.0006860801,0.0002650596,0.00047639947,0.000040541807,0.0002246838,3.432985e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006569458,0.00006995821,0.013243193,0.00004125502,0.000044433036,4.5574308e-7,0.000052272575,0.9226664,0.020737886,0.012018001,0.000021354215,0.03103913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015092061,0.000082123726,0.0029423449,0.0015934877,0.00028868046,0.0000066822176,0.00019794608,0.8126873,0.10650925,0.073688865,0.00033415304,0.00015994885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000051166877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000012385833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45552984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017454624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003136018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4054087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412605582","doi":"10.1109/lra.2025.3592140","title":"Towards Fast Correspondence-Free Odometry Using Multiple FMCW Lidars","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Odometry; Lidar; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Remote sensing; Computer vision; Environmental science; Geology; Robot","score_opus":0.013633178606470365,"score_gpt":0.2648733642323391,"score_spread":0.25124018562586875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412605582","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37263063,0.00001515794,0.62422365,0.002334213,0.00031366321,0.000089105495,0.000008668523,0.00014245705,0.00024247495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8525463,0.0000015963476,0.14693753,0.0003686559,0.000054094577,0.00000253571,0.000006156038,0.000010850211,0.00007231932],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991881,0.000021138265,0.00021151995,0.0002232592,0.000129915,0.00022601655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994303,0.00012648123,0.00008561389,0.00028880886,0.0000315839,0.000037205995],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006741587,0.00014947866,0.00017714483,0.00016884215,0.00016654952,0.000102315214,0.00017369402,0.000054676246,0.0000086543605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006949319,0.00014568851,0.00005069409,0.00033912002,0.00013824139,0.0001562885,0.00010443535,0.00015952869,0.0000065952],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048084927,0.00019224313,0.05232532,0.0000833132,0.0002570925,0.000016911841,0.00028237957,0.43538886,0.15617687,0.069862686,0.0056692013,0.27969703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011986274,0.000029975252,0.01200787,0.00020808908,0.00007962239,0.000002797942,0.0002926891,0.9403693,0.024121122,0.02043242,0.00077075174,0.00048670673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000032627806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.130199e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50498044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004521563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002501741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59410053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412673764","doi":"10.1145/3730847","title":"Segment-based Light Transport Simulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Computer graphics (images); Computer vision","score_opus":0.012638072302344133,"score_gpt":0.2766323736805883,"score_spread":0.26399430137824414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412673764","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021789217,0.000009114085,0.9735268,0.0026824118,0.0001364705,0.00015492454,0.000020536576,0.000286482,0.0013940682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98581773,0.0000021740361,0.013711024,0.0002469074,0.000010847612,0.000018135026,0.000012839794,0.00001148466,0.00016883656],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993108,0.000012543247,0.00016888451,0.00021828493,0.00011190885,0.00017759316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992127,0.00017773619,0.00003072958,0.00049622875,0.0000525136,0.00003009347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003934575,0.00013587462,0.00012463964,0.000197821,0.00020718257,0.000013459358,0.00017900516,0.000077202,0.00006720504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000068568042,0.00013268799,0.00013224954,0.0005890977,0.00007369841,0.0000746813,0.0000019189445,0.0002721445,0.0000107601345],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014515335,0.0010192724,0.008334007,0.00003305551,0.00028109865,0.0000036879028,0.00006545085,0.6079627,0.001869797,0.123055965,0.00008820503,0.25714156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003572061,0.00033773057,0.008425065,0.0003221007,0.00053707516,3.0361744e-7,0.00040201785,0.09742082,0.207909,0.6395495,0.040319666,0.0012046663],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013189705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008459427,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96402854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000200137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029514295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5410859},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412871653","doi":"10.1117/12.3067685","title":"Photon-to-Digital Converters: a 3D integrated digital SPAD array designed for precise timing applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Converters; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.012870928327643133,"score_gpt":0.2700596602564122,"score_spread":0.25718873192876907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412871653","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005210075,0.000004813466,0.96617335,0.00032292426,0.000034147834,0.0009756197,0.000108159664,0.00037884005,0.02679206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8549681,1.3105941e-7,0.14173713,0.00006919282,0.000022685694,0.00029710477,0.00007268888,0.000014859265,0.00281816],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991722,0.0000027723754,0.00019601155,0.00030869828,0.000058153364,0.00026214088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927205,0.00023302253,0.0000389144,0.00028857501,0.00010982783,0.00005761801],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000022782886,0.00016218795,0.00018301702,0.00008408744,0.000100684025,0.00023331138,0.00020481713,0.00004630259,0.000033283166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056442226,0.00013910448,0.0000772972,0.0003232355,0.000085037515,0.00026011214,0.00006855027,0.00008913937,0.00007176023],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000084864405,0.00024650848,0.0010553864,0.00001474871,0.00014208826,3.452306e-7,0.00006197902,0.00013025562,0.01022257,0.07795306,0.0023825115,0.90770566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023027523,0.0003136004,0.00007493464,0.00024446726,0.00010794459,0.0000012189209,0.0032973364,0.018202217,0.40230998,0.2922036,0.27967423,0.0012677012],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000069422217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.8975984e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.906438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000453751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004530744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56725156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413145493","doi":"10.1109/cvpr52734.2025.01478","title":"Opportunistic Single-Photon Time of Flight","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Photon; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.010746466145517185,"score_gpt":0.24376800309760502,"score_spread":0.23302153695208783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413145493","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10649607,0.00001264464,0.1796054,0.0007287579,0.00008054238,0.00013003792,0.000010943127,0.00023923,0.7126964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9732501,2.2290722e-7,0.016319893,0.000032836484,0.000008429912,0.0000014993133,0.000006456884,0.0000039605807,0.010376617],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99962443,0.0000043671193,0.00012177605,0.000101654965,0.000042393844,0.00010537842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966556,0.00006298154,0.00003150329,0.0001916732,0.00003283553,0.000015429],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000020189696,0.000061744184,0.00011871537,0.0000380613,0.000022613453,0.000006373229,0.00009123743,0.000023758315,0.0004013014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018276987,0.00005121275,0.000035456356,0.00012447142,0.000082998224,0.000026277326,0.00006786999,0.00005012023,0.00003980049],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000592793,0.00010932117,0.0010506088,0.0000057838033,0.000033484223,9.0453176e-7,0.0000063272696,0.000008839991,0.080815434,0.8749247,0.001683242,0.041355394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023569312,0.000054363718,0.00023079429,0.000050050567,0.000030046136,1.6655125e-7,0.000100425415,0.00158957,0.6546386,0.32734993,0.015571949,0.0001484285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012317417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.2091967e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.866754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009482369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001554123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4393969},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413147378","doi":"10.1109/cvpr52734.2025.00589","title":"Dual Exposure Stereo for Extended Dynamic Range 3D Imaging","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"Samsung","keywords":"Computer science; Dynamic range; High-dynamic-range imaging; Dual (grammatical number); Computer vision; Range (aeronautics); High dynamic range; Stereo imaging; Artificial intelligence; Computer graphics (images); Engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.005822948045575417,"score_gpt":0.2728925724514467,"score_spread":0.2670696244058713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413147378","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04502306,0.00007602863,0.929288,0.0016400986,0.00017245476,0.00029899614,0.000017169685,0.00036064046,0.023123523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89784175,4.95408e-7,0.09882886,0.00008525079,0.000024309627,0.000023113056,0.000009722003,0.000009005822,0.0031774666],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941874,0.000005584304,0.00012305357,0.00019282309,0.000042844713,0.00021696398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999605,0.000093790986,0.000025604213,0.00021728725,0.000041352858,0.000016967337],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035077872,0.00010241849,0.00012546503,0.000044466517,0.00007898201,0.000031067488,0.000091262526,0.000023165965,0.000051666048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016528167,0.00008716335,0.000059175603,0.00009424177,0.000058123584,0.00007582297,0.00008367962,0.000083620995,0.000009235899],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026472218,0.000066830435,0.0056821746,0.000012475757,0.00004889303,0.0000014295462,0.000019248275,0.000032088778,0.0020387294,0.32179704,0.0009344652,0.66934013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035296923,0.00010191781,0.009938036,0.000110391156,0.000111738,0.0000014266406,0.0020237537,0.054323796,0.013678452,0.89178425,0.023672922,0.0007235995],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009066656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003277908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8528187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020487523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013890394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35544184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413165789","doi":"10.3390/s25165012","title":"Deep Learning-Based Denoising of Noisy Vibration Signals from Wavefront Sensors Using BiL-DCAE","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Wavefront; Vibration; SIGNAL (programming language); Acoustics; Noise reduction; Noise (video); Offset (computer science); Wavefront sensor; Computer science; Sensitivity (control systems); Remote sensing; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Engineering; Optics; Physics; Electronic engineering","score_opus":0.011517984011402823,"score_gpt":0.26003381555467703,"score_spread":0.2485158315432742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413165789","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76683736,0.000043080807,0.23214966,0.00015125744,0.0000894975,0.00013474027,0.00000860849,0.0002874207,0.00029835597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95318526,0.0000010492142,0.0465961,0.000029530136,0.000059620357,0.0000015864531,0.000021356544,0.000038341524,0.00006714136],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987341,0.000089997004,0.0003658672,0.00033758936,0.0001695393,0.00030291124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99896914,0.00035383343,0.0002046781,0.00030672643,0.00012316374,0.00004245286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008436304,0.00021048581,0.0003301403,0.00014976453,0.00015896038,0.000037248286,0.00012619607,0.000107272,0.00003443767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013620491,0.00020479006,0.000121423545,0.0003362079,0.00016830934,0.00008304943,0.00006737151,0.0002744492,0.000016178277],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004111846,0.00006176921,0.008538306,0.000011990633,0.00008095055,0.000003503198,0.000120337056,0.8648134,0.113974765,0.0017336509,0.000009238191,0.010610986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004351577,0.00003739553,0.0016245196,0.00014361595,0.00006797728,1.6649594e-7,0.001013871,0.56126916,0.42489004,0.010028862,0.00024716672,0.00024209206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042883598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011552028,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31091526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007378976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004819576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83510965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414039333","doi":"10.1103/c11p-d13h","title":"Accurate unsupervised photon counting from transition-edge-sensor signals","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Applied","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Physics; Transition (genetics); Transition edge sensor; Photon; Photon counting; Optics; Statistical physics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Detector; Biology","score_opus":0.014855485833682682,"score_gpt":0.29660970299462136,"score_spread":0.2817542171609387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414039333","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5468715,0.0058546253,0.33507362,0.00537145,0.00023258167,0.0031740644,0.00023205527,0.0012595772,0.10193053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99476796,0.00022567043,0.0034895185,0.0011412732,0.0001302589,0.00010965373,0.000080230195,0.00002142241,0.00003400502],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987475,0.000026710193,0.00031785242,0.00042885146,0.00016490716,0.0003141793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990166,0.0003608616,0.00009355226,0.00041370688,0.00006205598,0.000053228152],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007248577,0.00025667157,0.0005974409,0.000026853308,0.000116594485,0.000039459796,0.00024254686,0.000034698896,0.00016293887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003067523,0.00021949194,0.00018545786,0.00040030127,0.00010931405,0.00007678551,0.000074271375,0.00028702265,0.00022583867],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000669857,0.0007285811,0.00008653583,0.0007293468,0.00038156818,0.0000038063074,0.00015358502,0.00042906744,0.2531817,0.5154195,0.0018719,0.22694744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011562358,0.00002900096,0.0002812501,0.0026527331,0.0005229346,1.1169044e-7,0.00019981961,0.008664134,0.18240458,0.7770681,0.026172332,0.0008487698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035549034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.4877663e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44789645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026914584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002843729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89506215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414550826","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-98883-7_45","title":"Enhancing Human-Centric Design: A User-Friendly GUI Dashboard for Image and Data Acquisition in Laser Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in networks and systems","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Dashboard; Automation; Data acquisition; Graphical user interface; Interface (matter); User interface; Margin (machine learning); Image (mathematics)","score_opus":0.021462639170266546,"score_gpt":0.2790487328991243,"score_spread":0.25758609372885777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414550826","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00025688778,0.006392761,0.98905814,0.000058007525,0.0004927238,0.0016777071,0.00013288925,0.00008573618,0.0018451223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98169875,0.00021147763,0.013008346,0.000045513192,0.0011950758,0.00013144495,0.0007165364,0.0001088961,0.002883938],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99787694,0.00006082166,0.0006427939,0.0008358981,0.00013501896,0.00044855356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99790686,0.0009599633,0.0002787549,0.00072877744,0.00007262018,0.00005303013],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041564385,0.00045587157,0.0008525484,0.00021613628,0.0001488933,0.00024844552,0.00030871338,0.0005026402,0.0000036377962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005789132,0.00040906307,0.00005139896,0.00011246442,0.00010932482,0.0001404236,0.00035648711,0.0005861654,7.295299e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000548412,0.00021838564,0.0026795282,0.0046677063,0.0009806036,0.00024338762,0.00030853547,0.48746592,0.00084656506,0.4015126,0.009026778,0.09150158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037081898,0.00040890582,0.00006518135,0.015001886,0.00041382882,0.000025995612,0.00015424867,0.88356537,0.00020864862,0.058554064,0.035474155,0.0024195062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016252502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007096632,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98144186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008749341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035875044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983615},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414886793","doi":"10.1364/oe.565872","title":"Radiation hardness properties and DCR reduction via laser annealing of InGaAs/InP SPADs for space applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Radiation hardening; Dark current; Radiation; Radiation damage; Diode; Irradiation; Annealing (glass); Detector","score_opus":0.015952823519528914,"score_gpt":0.25702743164522457,"score_spread":0.24107460812569564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414886793","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20654702,0.00013538745,0.79158896,0.00042885743,0.00010486017,0.0005075995,0.00001914218,0.00007189935,0.00059627544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.931169,0.000009050503,0.06825613,0.0000053359977,0.00006270403,0.00012208016,0.000014194134,0.000009844457,0.00035169523],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994995,0.000008171053,0.00015002069,0.00017014441,0.000050346967,0.000121829275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995295,0.00004017869,0.00010352926,0.00019550916,0.00011284616,0.000018450733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000050830586,0.000086517575,0.00013180384,0.000053834403,0.000113009504,0.000026912714,0.000075833785,0.00004768013,0.0000012867416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027786347,0.00008267946,0.00002793274,0.00011758396,0.00011145937,0.00009911368,0.00005729493,0.0000714481,5.942877e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012934384,0.00025658004,0.0031842212,0.0003834792,0.00017569956,1.8315238e-7,0.00052318483,0.016354434,0.3828389,0.40340832,0.00066460506,0.19208105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048913126,0.000033541328,0.00020213716,0.00011532389,0.000068862224,3.7937755e-7,0.00082089205,0.025803817,0.89783347,0.06873993,0.005695389,0.00019714945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018046978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9385825e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72462195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000157949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014937255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33715704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415087332","doi":"10.1109/tim.2025.3647992","title":"Real-Time Super-Resolution Imaging System Based on Zero-Shot Learning for Infrared Nondestructive Testing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermography; Optical coherence tomography; Deconvolution; Nondestructive testing; Photothermal therapy; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Infrared; Medical imaging; Image processing","score_opus":0.027887222690846265,"score_gpt":0.2654025680049373,"score_spread":0.23751534531409102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415087332","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.053288683,0.000002344337,0.9403159,0.00016176165,0.0002267419,0.0005428818,0.000015327852,0.00026062207,0.005185713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97422963,6.7620783e-7,0.0254689,0.000033150398,0.000013945946,0.00013091603,0.00000917819,0.000013905098,0.00009971632],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990244,0.000045240064,0.00023099777,0.00028128392,0.00021822822,0.00019985595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944633,0.00012567511,0.000077422854,0.00012770403,0.00018256556,0.000040298157],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016830345,0.00016267173,0.00014806903,0.00017645395,0.00047497428,0.000057604204,0.00004988456,0.00003563254,0.000009034437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016684213,0.00016647174,0.00005567095,0.00020773141,0.00005780341,0.00011901983,0.0000013183767,0.00016224718,0.000004113291],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050740916,0.00034391342,0.002037137,0.00015250772,0.00018223027,9.4295626e-7,0.00022934399,0.23036999,0.200846,0.009904105,0.0000902101,0.55533624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004287728,0.00044570916,0.001496995,0.0009945256,0.00021185123,0.0000012735362,0.0028874855,0.67847884,0.30725873,0.0032330262,0.00022946748,0.00047440582],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005972229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016362985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92094094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034070958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006333894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6788521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415124307","doi":"10.1109/tcomm.2025.3621045","title":"Cooperative Digital Twin-Enhanced UAV Topology Optimization for Multi-Target Tracking","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Info-communications Media Development Authority; Queen's University; National Research Foundation Singapore; National Research Foundation; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Network topology; Topology optimization; Graph; Tracking (education); Position (finance); Topology (electrical circuits)","score_opus":0.03873767822150669,"score_gpt":0.3340459563494326,"score_spread":0.2953082781279259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415124307","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00085307367,0.000031470143,0.9929595,0.0019177059,0.00017114526,0.00047691015,0.00016125597,0.00024020302,0.0031887086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76181245,0.000013471831,0.23704444,0.00006840861,0.000008487548,0.00019396868,0.000048975144,0.000013247996,0.00079655007],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926394,0.000035051995,0.00024531034,0.00021336136,0.000046367713,0.00019596539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984214,0.00045119744,0.0000618129,0.0008321351,0.00020429674,0.000029165343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004117264,0.00014534166,0.00017684072,0.0001176411,0.00065352203,0.00007475938,0.0004186264,0.00007516751,0.000053963697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023291788,0.0001513257,0.00010257459,0.00032545318,0.0002719108,0.00024545417,0.000008545052,0.000289429,0.000010278017],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059828966,0.0012801565,0.00004968089,0.000009472441,0.00025726188,1.05922155e-7,0.00037302892,0.7709771,0.0018610982,0.062878035,0.000120738645,0.16213351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001962689,0.00016444802,0.00003631838,0.00010355937,0.0001157505,5.6431287e-7,0.0022414175,0.80148584,0.16815005,0.02106807,0.0041749612,0.000496311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014267982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018963872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7609594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059236612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000520632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6170883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415135034","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.02926","title":"Transverse Distance Estimation with Higher-Order Hermite-Gauss modes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Ottawa","keywords":"Scaling; Displacement (psychology); Transverse plane; Mode (computer interface); Gaussian; Transverse mode; Structured light; Sensitivity (control systems); Spatial light modulator","score_opus":0.022090536370332276,"score_gpt":0.2727846047323858,"score_spread":0.25069406836205355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415135034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49961936,0.000046466408,0.4893617,0.0012065396,0.00020012431,0.0003245564,0.00009023876,0.00036557222,0.008785433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9257336,0.000006539541,0.07237648,0.00003135713,0.000076512326,0.00005280936,0.000082536964,0.000027730295,0.001612385],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869174,0.000018944453,0.00024534552,0.0005791206,0.00015665495,0.0003082161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986291,0.00006800606,0.00018767196,0.0009538748,0.00011353842,0.000047811824],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003619596,0.00034351277,0.000370191,0.00004837263,0.0001818671,0.00007393417,0.00041893005,0.00017778492,0.00005345196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017288092,0.00030728526,0.00009271877,0.00014349508,0.0002743927,0.0001462462,0.00032642324,0.00067186804,0.000029143639],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022383436,0.00044859288,0.48211148,0.00038800004,0.00066512794,0.000030484392,0.00020844144,0.2134211,0.00058440777,0.19207425,0.00026137056,0.10958289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0049069203,0.0003028018,0.38044596,0.0046038684,0.0013113312,0.0000017838039,0.0009912578,0.15171593,0.045297112,0.39363036,0.011250002,0.005542681],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013629481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001672821,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42611426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006617947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006844901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415724545","doi":"10.3788/lop250887","title":"复杂交通场景下道路毫米波雷达-相机融合自动标定","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Laser & Optoelectronics Progress","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","keywords":"Telmatology; Natural (archaeology); Metamorphic petrology","score_opus":0.0032638433005121813,"score_gpt":0.26832129015282963,"score_spread":0.26505744685231747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415724545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80537444,0.0029905012,0.07509407,0.008680421,0.000768322,0.0012872972,0.00003274322,0.002194901,0.103577286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855331,0.0000090100275,0.012120512,0.0001132015,0.000071475595,0.00006470108,0.000022813896,0.000024432831,0.0020407306],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849296,0.000025114285,0.00023028904,0.00040047205,0.0001467719,0.00070440746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991935,0.00007129471,0.00007080648,0.00052020565,0.00008900455,0.00005521092],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000086143446,0.00023554103,0.0002507313,0.00008940421,0.0001772693,0.00008705308,0.00039183526,0.00008882112,0.00008824586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001706052,0.00021764803,0.00010622648,0.0004969283,0.00021139435,0.00012741121,0.00021217538,0.00044111826,0.00006371061],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003331788,0.00019674665,0.013106197,0.000012487713,0.00014167976,0.000003880715,0.00001982463,0.00011750243,0.00026037454,0.74884427,0.0017780742,0.23548566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001448358,0.00024223916,0.0010417209,0.0001287914,0.000131111,0.000001989144,0.00020601724,0.0046178484,0.19783281,0.623414,0.17009799,0.00083717273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000010384633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000051493166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23464848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008146012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011242086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88754296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416666551","doi":"10.60928/486s-zwmd","title":"PlatonSPAD: A novel SPAD sensor for large-scale high-resolution particle detectors","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Tracking (education); Detector; CMOS; Converters; Noise (video); Photon counting; Single-photon avalanche diode; Probabilistic logic; Particle detector; Integrated circuit","score_opus":0.020203448335542388,"score_gpt":0.26666807186260094,"score_spread":0.24646462352705856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416666551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6872249,0.000020428737,0.31126925,0.0006962814,0.00013647586,0.00019877996,0.0000383638,0.00019838104,0.00021712013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9702859,6.919076e-7,0.028924622,0.000087314154,0.00007977834,0.000043119617,0.000014525369,0.000017140499,0.0005469054],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989792,0.000009844083,0.00019728772,0.00030711826,0.000071171664,0.00043536365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993344,0.00016228258,0.000060044335,0.00033216592,0.000063811596,0.000047317273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007267565,0.00015183077,0.00018981297,0.000040571096,0.00020854648,0.000020701687,0.0001343477,0.000073753166,0.000024261875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007658239,0.00014235672,0.00009040213,0.00024082654,0.000075961536,0.00009968926,0.00010839627,0.00015195813,0.00004942246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012288614,0.00046832373,0.6625002,0.00002591591,0.00014927943,0.0000015408496,0.00010089046,0.0010567511,0.1230112,0.20402335,0.00062827644,0.007911405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034788512,0.00015867189,0.18123204,0.000097084325,0.00014118788,6.864198e-7,0.0010894798,0.026333513,0.7366009,0.028546322,0.021691663,0.0006296125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057897956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002668742,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6135897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004237438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002331616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58051383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416749251","doi":"10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246924","title":"Indoor FireRescue Radar: 4D Indoor Millimeter Wave Dataset and Analysis for Hazardous Environment Perception","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Point cloud; Object detection; Robustness (evolution); Lidar; Situation awareness; Man-portable radar; Convolutional neural network","score_opus":0.016327598710986702,"score_gpt":0.258280248982135,"score_spread":0.24195265027114826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416749251","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20872508,0.00022287402,0.78131336,0.0027340085,0.00011439767,0.0011155424,0.0055119507,0.000078197954,0.00018457454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8275456,0.00012710749,0.16722223,0.00024924788,0.00006708999,0.00006510002,0.0038687955,0.000025085377,0.000829767],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973984,0.00005977776,0.0006304426,0.001055127,0.0002032977,0.0006529659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983483,0.00034230627,0.00016574771,0.000977481,0.000040314448,0.00012582909],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017656064,0.0005080239,0.00078726426,0.00033554205,0.0004995656,0.00026098307,0.00024660068,0.00026564064,0.0005307133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041432453,0.00045732432,0.0003420391,0.00047996338,0.00060673524,0.00022474802,0.0006511058,0.0003532735,0.000035233683],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000611791,0.0009246565,0.025901392,0.00014154766,0.008128518,0.000009742978,0.00021451002,0.00076340087,0.0059286593,0.022247553,0.008252878,0.92687535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013454772,0.002325515,0.1040353,0.00033499225,0.025910972,0.0000054905036,0.007602071,0.34818354,0.037212875,0.10176002,0.35397026,0.0052042133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010200569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016333806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92167115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001635415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046443387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416922682","doi":"10.1109/ted.2025.3633207","title":"An Improved 2-D Photon Detection Probability Model for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes With Experimental Calibrations","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","keywords":"Photodetection; Monte Carlo method; Diode; Passivation; Dielectric; CMOS; Transmission (telecommunications); Single-photon avalanche diode; Photon; Detector","score_opus":0.01658963132479806,"score_gpt":0.274350771484198,"score_spread":0.25776114015939994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416922682","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36625347,0.000084708816,0.6311303,0.00014315934,0.0001557481,0.0016611784,0.00009520804,0.00033284858,0.00014340943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97670037,0.000008834437,0.021796387,0.00007720697,0.000047043242,0.0010433755,0.000026545766,0.00007193359,0.00022832621],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970908,0.000093551054,0.00058428687,0.0011453131,0.00022011297,0.00086592976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983957,0.00020830477,0.00023305335,0.00081264967,0.00021719339,0.00013309796],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013456657,0.0006477149,0.00054235297,0.00024401394,0.0010528392,0.00027824813,0.0003424369,0.00030892348,0.000019614361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004956765,0.00061040005,0.0002645206,0.0006322213,0.00035969028,0.0008769584,0.0000034633783,0.0007031045,0.0000035463302],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017727651,0.0039346884,0.000026512213,0.00011425523,0.00038887115,3.5619027e-7,0.00029077716,0.12443745,0.837436,0.0020233248,0.000002364669,0.029572627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077415514,0.0017048557,0.0000049822156,0.00006601756,0.00019079601,9.3709343e-7,0.00030475482,0.4313709,0.5604994,0.0047004633,0.000038842787,0.00034387963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010461268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00071694213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6104469,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005933184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029600508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417346998","doi":"10.1117/12.3091493","title":"InGaAs/InP photodiode with anti-reflection coating for smartphone proximity Sensors","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Microsemi (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Photodiode; Responsivity; Coating; Photodetector; Sensitivity (control systems); Dark current; Reflectivity; Infrared","score_opus":0.01467468926644875,"score_gpt":0.2826738610730364,"score_spread":0.2679991718065876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417346998","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48522016,0.000035709356,0.5057704,0.0009585879,0.00026122862,0.0011561997,0.000020988615,0.00036680806,0.0062099425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8574015,0.000007004274,0.139803,0.00009561288,0.000101706864,0.00007468081,0.000019418128,0.00003710565,0.0024599798],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977046,0.00004307439,0.0005126844,0.0007901365,0.00018058147,0.0007688701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984371,0.00039725634,0.0002507188,0.0005487633,0.000291624,0.00007453254],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017557591,0.00046343586,0.00059159735,0.00016378137,0.0007158118,0.00017816393,0.0002100736,0.00020903579,0.000035745565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015146077,0.0003951151,0.00016399838,0.0008315532,0.00037284207,0.00029931476,0.00018762682,0.00052562676,0.000017937502],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001734574,0.00209185,0.05520361,0.00067223975,0.0018828481,0.000011660037,0.0005751869,0.01934391,0.22808088,0.30150172,0.0025432033,0.38635832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029801964,0.0005963447,0.0012909787,0.0006963324,0.00030606438,0.000002662997,0.0021418256,0.050671425,0.90442187,0.030960165,0.0050080246,0.00092414237],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014916415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044695575,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67634094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016411832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017282639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417470233","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11287069","title":"System Level Assessment of SiPM External Cross-Talk","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Photon; Detector; Silicon photomultiplier; Single-photon avalanche diode; Diode; Avalanche breakdown","score_opus":0.022355459604517597,"score_gpt":0.34858899864926757,"score_spread":0.32623353904474994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417470233","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2042744,0.00010572188,0.723652,0.00018813217,0.0005221361,0.00026652843,0.0000542087,0.00013852229,0.07079833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87729096,0.000004101446,0.1157717,0.000016124472,0.000059624796,0.000008777224,0.0000032502476,0.000015132496,0.0068303226],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99799734,0.00003611208,0.0007622511,0.00047633733,0.00026280605,0.00046516265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99848914,0.0002036794,0.000269651,0.0007299287,0.00024614137,0.000061456536],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015451752,0.0003122293,0.0005633216,0.000112380665,0.00016822363,0.00013044396,0.00045522893,0.0001608047,0.00016067375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024983741,0.00028265108,0.0002364271,0.00035674704,0.00046321345,0.0001574015,0.0005643917,0.00038893314,0.00002212365],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015624251,0.00021116956,0.027670005,0.00019477967,0.0001682472,0.000005543948,0.000008999851,0.0015137309,0.00746726,0.912305,0.000053433138,0.050386216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053133476,0.00063721766,0.22951008,0.0056735263,0.00054848485,0.000007998064,0.0060403226,0.20603688,0.3978277,0.14115857,0.0053783343,0.0018675373],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012471937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000029833461,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7711464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021109631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002098007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417470504","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286524","title":"Photon-to-Digital Converter in 65 nm CMOS Technology with SPTR Below 15 ps FWHM","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Converters; Vernier scale; Pixel; Diode; Full width at half maximum; Power (physics); Electronic circuit; Application-specific integrated circuit","score_opus":0.004171456803058238,"score_gpt":0.23119005688454705,"score_spread":0.2270186000814888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417470504","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62369287,0.0001532071,0.30901554,0.016619945,0.00039019555,0.0018680666,0.000068280584,0.00096845924,0.047223434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9616042,0.000004669058,0.032955192,0.00044933002,0.0000339735,0.00006617771,0.000009971159,0.00004583021,0.0048306496],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.996941,0.000016311049,0.0006310011,0.0010706099,0.00021545462,0.001125672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99835753,0.00015809959,0.000112894966,0.001074755,0.00017087825,0.00012581784],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000063352294,0.00061838474,0.000800334,0.0007028659,0.00014921534,0.00020913311,0.00069237815,0.00042741495,0.00025143856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079274934,0.0005301062,0.00011485542,0.0023295374,0.00085703493,0.00035544328,0.00086495414,0.00094912224,0.0005322874],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031253262,0.0008879821,0.074821904,0.00004831935,0.00034558683,0.00008856668,0.000137233,0.00025958364,0.0016295827,0.44647264,0.001535816,0.47346026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00973794,0.0025784234,0.004490047,0.0022108182,0.00024095578,0.000026617809,0.010013475,0.018844167,0.23671065,0.5826997,0.12838589,0.004061278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009248681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008912924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46939898,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019029524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022359377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99971503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417470851","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286939","title":"In-Chip Data Processing and Readout Architecture of a Photon-to-Digital Converter in 65 nm For Crystal-Based Applications","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Timestamp; Skew; Data acquisition; Modular design; Data processing; Energy (signal processing); Architecture; Bandwidth (computing); Scintillation","score_opus":0.016960013787322686,"score_gpt":0.3002653623944238,"score_spread":0.2833053486071011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417470851","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.041878648,0.000101175574,0.95130914,0.002880599,0.000019643625,0.0019235817,0.00035120262,0.000041031843,0.0014949936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9292688,0.0000011241838,0.07014235,0.00018797055,0.000016112015,0.00012280322,0.0000792425,0.000016276605,0.00016535366],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842167,0.000010328455,0.00047990558,0.000654053,0.00008393125,0.00035009117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869597,0.00032681567,0.0001053875,0.0007471158,0.00007319483,0.00005153345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008987017,0.00023358298,0.000402719,0.00027128996,0.00005971262,0.000105698804,0.000420523,0.0001087358,0.0000073859887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008427934,0.00022045175,0.00003866671,0.00063502905,0.00028870316,0.00022827856,0.00044647066,0.0002561629,0.0000014594581],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042079441,0.0008347223,0.012140221,0.00074304367,0.00005927106,0.0000015330505,0.00026529416,0.0011476404,0.0063593583,0.030963778,0.00017220649,0.94689214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007838394,0.00044243154,0.002495983,0.0027606313,0.00015780609,0.0000016588355,0.0031532983,0.40862957,0.04445508,0.48027998,0.048267096,0.0015180717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000046699763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000063255524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9453741,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003637606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002050641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89897615},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417470853","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286640","title":"A 3.12 ps rms Ring Oscillator-Based Cascaded Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter with Two-Stages in TSMC 65 nm","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Vernier scale; Time-to-digital converter; Diode; Differential nonlinearity; Converters; Chip; CMOS; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.006085460616793095,"score_gpt":0.2371382261990505,"score_spread":0.2310527655822574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417470853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7303005,0.00008803914,0.1946967,0.0040601026,0.00022988362,0.0015250453,0.00010486179,0.0006717444,0.06832314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97969216,8.9105833e-7,0.010701866,0.000285279,0.00005747728,0.000028694629,0.000017849154,0.00005980352,0.0091559505],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99694353,0.000038042133,0.00060476625,0.0010153771,0.00033679832,0.0010615101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983522,0.00034645645,0.00013573257,0.0008444796,0.00012547399,0.00019565517],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010749298,0.00065440143,0.000766725,0.00035530835,0.00017230138,0.00037630403,0.00045499793,0.00020626698,0.0005857632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007370034,0.00055069616,0.00016209342,0.00073435187,0.00045130542,0.00042006106,0.00045421647,0.0006876003,0.00092025177],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0029987337,0.0028673809,0.30360794,0.00034796685,0.0017527273,0.00037729112,0.0007702544,0.07279858,0.017087588,0.10781212,0.004303882,0.48527554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04187735,0.0034404316,0.017028805,0.0063513773,0.00072659604,0.000014509127,0.00628698,0.542658,0.21951666,0.033485062,0.11882663,0.009787607],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015494322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052657484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47548792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029833344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027012825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417471059","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286619","title":"Performance of 3D Photon-to-Digital Converters","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalsa Corporation; Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"CMOS; Photodetector; Trench; Shallow trench isolation; Converters; Detector; Sensitivity (control systems); Integrated circuit; Footprint","score_opus":0.006004235282548219,"score_gpt":0.23223441221474264,"score_spread":0.2262301769321944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417471059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86313313,0.000024097642,0.036472958,0.00061867025,0.00030230512,0.00032290388,0.000028978378,0.000109539484,0.0989874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98260033,0.0000074199615,0.012472189,0.00012777667,0.000018083223,0.000005255773,0.0000037172658,0.000011739538,0.004753495],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998738,0.000005608009,0.00039723748,0.00034245814,0.00012626393,0.00039044864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914074,0.000104614825,0.00008320495,0.00048994855,0.00011734641,0.00006415489],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035679284,0.00023360246,0.00037016513,0.000127701,0.000077885576,0.000056354278,0.00032178083,0.000085401625,0.00016734835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003096173,0.00021912709,0.0000964101,0.00052327296,0.0003293688,0.00022447747,0.0003795939,0.00019900255,0.00019597047],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017459501,0.00033319768,0.04770104,0.00011698076,0.00027829673,0.0000013070636,0.00009501796,0.0009334979,0.0037829787,0.06789314,0.0013545904,0.87733537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028680488,0.0015828658,0.007332689,0.0015406036,0.000227822,0.0000013281186,0.002696285,0.23742597,0.67926174,0.015580474,0.049783796,0.0016983621],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014600255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.4823415e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.875637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000479304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008427443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8935743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417471442","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286980","title":"A 3D Low-Power Photon-to-Digital Converter - Radiation Detection Applications","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Time-to-digital converter; Converters; Instrumentation (computer programming); Full width at half maximum; Nuclear electronics; Neutron; CMOS","score_opus":0.0033106853086210045,"score_gpt":0.2332948342554757,"score_spread":0.2299841489468547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417471442","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017991226,0.00004493342,0.9500102,0.0010975751,0.00031613465,0.001214785,0.00004101872,0.00034382465,0.028940344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99096507,0.0000052939954,0.0054339045,0.000317583,0.00007466774,0.00019679115,0.000018962335,0.000022210788,0.0029655336],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984389,0.000013072072,0.00040625068,0.0005812726,0.0001379814,0.00042254897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989184,0.00013168158,0.0000961062,0.00060452765,0.00014754961,0.00010169284],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004361669,0.0002892785,0.00026908648,0.00020631126,0.00026305823,0.0002881005,0.00022951674,0.00016921198,0.00024956246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038623955,0.00029762203,0.00013080418,0.0008521706,0.00015610116,0.00035358488,0.00020998725,0.00029616803,0.0011522772],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003894013,0.000246779,0.00048262058,0.000014639264,0.00011676711,3.7092565e-7,0.000043261094,0.00017746961,0.00393634,0.047023833,0.00050432567,0.94741464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00207161,0.00037366248,0.001974338,0.0002142018,0.00020000692,0.0000016878078,0.001219351,0.06306911,0.25923067,0.11429772,0.55584526,0.0015023822],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000020699432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000031196957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9729738,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018025188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007912406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417471835","doi":"10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286741","title":"In Array Time-to-Digital Converter with 10 ps LSB and 43 μM × 35 μM Area in TSMC 65 nm","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Time-to-digital converter; Detector; Lyso-; Vernier scale; Diode; Photon; Silicon photomultiplier; Integral nonlinearity; Nuclear electronics","score_opus":0.004398059746692595,"score_gpt":0.21556780600540976,"score_spread":0.21116974625871715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417471835","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6986379,0.00018472258,0.124017455,0.011223128,0.00015991055,0.0014714383,0.00006776817,0.00028689625,0.1639508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97026086,0.0000038350963,0.0069724685,0.0002560323,0.000028986173,0.000018298317,0.000011384179,0.000027307786,0.022420855],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99794734,0.000021050624,0.00045919378,0.00074462086,0.00015091918,0.00067687576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990266,0.0002216077,0.00007220621,0.0005000013,0.000064744054,0.000114831],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006570127,0.0004331172,0.0005931921,0.00027530122,0.00006629262,0.0002252093,0.00025096524,0.00017534169,0.0008582229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049551207,0.0003635713,0.000057893358,0.0007499614,0.00040811358,0.0004732011,0.00031295264,0.0004872274,0.00046059318],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001883284,0.0025665725,0.14507979,0.00017900373,0.0006139456,0.00020562776,0.0008676829,0.0017015138,0.010316862,0.12719688,0.0134482635,0.69594055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.029210694,0.005031997,0.037166845,0.0068487036,0.0003850342,0.000032225173,0.012572865,0.074383564,0.12540582,0.40099567,0.29849267,0.00947389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007238884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053465526,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6864667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000104528364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009736374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417508598","doi":"10.1109/jlt.2025.3646065","title":"Characterisation of a Low-Noise Tuneable Silicon Single-Photon Avalanche Diode","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"National Physical Laboratory","keywords":"Metric (unit); Biasing; Detector; Diode; Voltage; Quantum key distribution; Avalanche diode; Flexibility (engineering); Single-photon avalanche diode","score_opus":0.007262924180081829,"score_gpt":0.24308601178236053,"score_spread":0.23582308760227869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417508598","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97687477,0.00015114706,0.017480247,0.0024535228,0.00024245659,0.00012150676,0.000005136684,0.0000967276,0.002574497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99055845,0.00001374719,0.009125686,0.000029130128,0.00005579659,0.0000031220252,0.0000020048863,0.000011860107,0.00020022105],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988008,0.00002098341,0.00064257975,0.00015814476,0.00013407366,0.00024337455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985946,0.000097743236,0.00066457404,0.00033518035,0.0002788572,0.000029048108],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001395776,0.0001582516,0.00048244736,0.0005602583,0.00004848435,0.000014640569,0.00032673357,0.00020166567,0.000046826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014697605,0.00013283329,0.00013340621,0.0005656329,0.00023944961,0.00014772385,0.0001244275,0.00045113446,0.0000067968404],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000080798294,0.00037010445,0.020519039,0.000034398035,0.00015385558,0.000011798421,0.000046510668,0.000027129698,0.88059694,0.05765728,0.00026915548,0.040233016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005500449,0.00024298277,0.0015582866,0.00023003985,0.000048140028,0.000011559944,0.00023272895,0.00012565505,0.89266026,0.10131028,0.0029152657,0.00011473654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000045441507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.0056725e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000075526266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061925646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5416784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6968891326","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4637248","title":"Enabling Progress for Single Photon Detection Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Noise (video); Signal processing; Detector; Photon","score_opus":0.03383679572986424,"score_gpt":0.2496922266377186,"score_spread":0.21585543090785436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6968891326","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1706282,0.00048947224,0.73563826,0.0008900162,0.00062808144,0.0018420827,0.00034381647,0.0041303206,0.08540972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99641603,0.0000036286854,0.0021184513,0.000010155087,0.00016304414,1.4792148e-7,0.00043079644,0.0005475289,0.00031023644],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990208,0.000072321054,0.00016226526,0.00031000987,0.00014580066,0.00028879632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989875,0.00002911408,0.000075817385,0.0002879529,0.0005567824,0.000062824925],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016142124,0.00009927506,0.00011604363,0.00007047017,0.0011647196,0.00058640644,0.00026582179,0.00004253207,0.00052640715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023338142,0.000106054795,0.000047177822,0.0003347002,0.00009889233,0.000152968,0.00039741545,0.00014745373,0.00036889713],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006608282,0.00032721288,0.0000135786595,0.000105820545,0.00009447555,0.000010509554,0.00025182724,0.0004038809,0.21507281,0.042885803,0.0040807654,0.73668724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040941106,0.00016154653,0.000016818749,0.000043363973,0.000016003827,0.000029197718,0.00087939,0.002407638,0.14313167,0.0022254759,0.8505027,0.00017677704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000048621073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.404394e-8,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84642196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000084340245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000022389247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8958199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7006756260","doi":"","title":"VLSI Laser Spot Sensors for 3D Digitization","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Very-large-scale integration; Digitization; CMOS; Laser; Integrated circuit; Laser scanning; SIGNAL (programming language)","score_opus":0.01279432900955747,"score_gpt":0.2520046587755462,"score_spread":0.23921032976598872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7006756260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5468155,0.0000020741402,0.37612203,0.0009685748,0.00008237929,0.0002046769,0.000018435803,0.0002586751,0.07552764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90641725,0.0000010976404,0.09203995,0.000031205534,0.00011320899,0.000009398605,0.000021932958,0.000011917425,0.001354047],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995743,0.0000036329056,0.0000794501,0.00012359783,0.00005096241,0.0001680251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997155,0.000059622977,0.000027154989,0.00013411624,0.00003936907,0.000024234165],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000019753385,0.00006809571,0.000076889635,0.00001976355,0.00005791581,0.0000201162,0.000054715125,0.000027161841,0.0001414571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028433235,0.00006225837,0.000033363725,0.00008136675,0.000039840317,0.000071335686,0.000023197414,0.00005004317,0.000039709314],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005170175,0.00013588421,0.011428703,0.000007362818,0.00004111338,0.0000045792635,0.000049127895,0.0016776971,0.014043339,0.29362535,0.004009857,0.67492527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007176202,0.00007423176,0.0007133758,0.00002139278,0.000022877824,0.0000017860101,0.0001667758,0.016079022,0.065104164,0.71365976,0.20311375,0.00032524456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016716922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.3360234e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67460006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001127153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000052989753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25388226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7009545880","doi":"","title":"Emerging semiconductor nanostructure materials for single-photon avalanche diodes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Industry Canada","keywords":"Software portability; Nanowire; Diode; Detector; Photodetector; Semiconductor; Photonics; Light-emitting diode","score_opus":0.013097578666289933,"score_gpt":0.22523587309961265,"score_spread":0.21213829443332272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7009545880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99777186,0.00002028909,0.000055644225,0.00020178729,0.0007255458,0.00038703196,0.00036070988,0.00023955115,0.00023758097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.755306,0.00001593668,0.012016685,0.0000047215717,0.00017563945,0.0000023869802,0.0028138517,0.00010877213,0.22955602],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892855,0.000018630775,0.00014254898,0.0003955351,0.00017912885,0.00033563573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990896,0.00006468378,0.00029676306,0.00030454103,0.0001991038,0.00004531669],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006443939,0.00028101786,0.00049546553,0.00015690069,0.00019005252,0.000028439477,0.00032544162,0.00026762116,0.00018425245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026879783,0.00030790502,0.00017185995,0.00014537804,0.00009162126,0.00013256975,0.0000798221,0.00017894784,0.000025875277],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014207567,0.000033283475,0.0001250424,0.0002658858,0.0002070942,0.0000064758055,0.013113855,0.000018119239,0.9772225,0.0020874469,0.0016329915,0.005145212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053437625,0.00009216768,0.0002193394,0.00032179238,0.00020455862,4.9741726e-7,0.13805795,0.000024572972,0.84344596,0.015538851,0.0010653374,0.0004946215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003954066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011579611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24246587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006412492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003658451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015688606","doi":"","title":"Ultra-High Resolution Imaging at 50µm using a Portable XYZ-RGB Color Laser Scanner","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scanner; Laser scanning; RGB color model; Laser; Image resolution; Resolution (logic); Data acquisition","score_opus":0.01041044198183402,"score_gpt":0.24332882458107136,"score_spread":0.23291838259923733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015688606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93346983,0.000027141978,0.020622998,0.0016392603,0.000119672586,0.00017059475,0.00002719381,0.0002786794,0.043644607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9005006,0.0000016275354,0.098122545,0.000085995416,0.00020008473,0.0000058117635,0.000015199685,0.000021286281,0.0010468339],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900377,0.000015037383,0.00017749394,0.0002647057,0.00013138233,0.0004076383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948573,0.000048797214,0.000079477104,0.00027523097,0.000051567855,0.000059208287],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000065782704,0.00014358883,0.00015746153,0.00004557116,0.00021339535,0.00003391616,0.00011522635,0.000040432635,0.0005120823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027313541,0.00013604751,0.00005515324,0.00014793036,0.000118509204,0.00021121849,0.00008480715,0.00015643706,0.00009621804],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010725137,0.00028626842,0.023224398,0.00001255188,0.0000866173,0.00002094451,0.000120790624,0.037138887,0.7012799,0.09365263,0.010490359,0.13357939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013567047,0.000061480554,0.0018880526,0.00012825681,0.00011264354,0.000019535686,0.00036734916,0.11721097,0.68663335,0.09344654,0.097754024,0.0010210684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007597204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009203149,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13255833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015351504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022705144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5606942},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7021114800","doi":"","title":"Neutron Diffraction Studies of Ba2Calr(VI)06","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"","score_opus":0.03481968191416258,"score_gpt":0.2842521363763428,"score_spread":0.2494324544621802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7021114800","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9487879,0.00013363056,0.002622393,0.0013800702,0.00012514945,0.00010479167,0.0000053208737,0.00015629239,0.046684444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98958117,0.000018290271,0.009725462,0.000011972492,0.0000641957,0.0000039777656,0.0000012319476,0.000006883299,0.00058679667],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995474,0.0000090837675,0.0001179457,0.00011478919,0.000076992284,0.00013375295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996354,0.0000812284,0.000059268586,0.00016658806,0.00004085211,0.000016642078],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000021680036,0.00007317462,0.00013970978,0.000024654386,0.00004484762,0.000004695525,0.0000635321,0.000023663826,0.00021955911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027230875,0.00006135622,0.000041809486,0.00008237704,0.00011736965,0.000069523536,0.000051041563,0.000103089835,0.00005784784],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001496517,0.00040228228,0.015589655,0.000029091849,0.00020657243,0.0000029805904,0.0003274903,0.0002822077,0.25419548,0.2780657,0.012965144,0.43791845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011957168,0.00032594102,0.026323767,0.00011975683,0.0001112333,0.0000020686696,0.0028522264,0.006598252,0.119045615,0.8082595,0.03453463,0.0006313045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003130824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.666327e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5301938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014503814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000013773345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2502034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7025273735","doi":"","title":"Ãvaluation biomÃ©canique de la locomotion Ã  la suite d'une arthroplastie de la hanche","year":2012,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lower limb; Motion study; Body posture","score_opus":0.002449613942542922,"score_gpt":0.1672111291054678,"score_spread":0.16476151516292487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7025273735","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.028415006,0.0008075923,0.054154117,0.004477683,0.00027413247,0.00042821583,0.00040016187,0.000057609745,0.91098547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92024356,0.00026518301,0.027816152,0.00019132796,0.00026160467,0.00001823791,0.000035046556,0.00011874074,0.051050138],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977658,0.00043027132,0.0002838019,0.00029456767,0.00071648235,0.0005090897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979554,0.0012527377,0.00028999377,0.00024397825,9.59864e-7,0.00025692294],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048286478,0.0003580166,0.0003581995,0.00003717411,0.00015603458,0.000055072534,0.00020341373,0.00017819034,0.0002636453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014794914,0.0003689363,0.000052207048,0.0001044911,0.0006010997,0.00021562113,0.00017195985,0.00045999498,4.1345416e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010929675,0.000121731086,0.025678344,0.00019159794,0.00024541595,0.000051930972,0.00011861287,0.00061035564,0.02288937,0.8012186,0.0018503,0.14691444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007177707,0.00009657471,0.048735425,0.00079473795,0.00015151834,0.000022567947,0.0011537239,0.0037483065,0.11111886,0.05499817,0.7777181,0.00074421795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005233209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007424341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89182854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051032755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020090563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030213564","doi":"","title":"MDSP:a Modular DSP Architecture for a Real-Time 3D Laser Range Sensor","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Modular design; Digital signal processing; Digital signal processor; VMEbus; PCI configuration space; Interface (matter); Multiprocessing; Data acquisition","score_opus":0.011957156358082104,"score_gpt":0.22707109820243573,"score_spread":0.21511394184435362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030213564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60792047,0.00003404404,0.2246621,0.007078893,0.00020524894,0.0013196676,0.0002446345,0.0012471761,0.15728778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.63910675,0.0000037142504,0.35598484,0.000069048045,0.00025078224,0.00004283564,0.000016438307,0.000040661824,0.004484959],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991435,0.000014573179,0.00013163255,0.00026235328,0.00010226978,0.00034568322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993957,0.00011019101,0.000046399247,0.00035028154,0.00004122044,0.00005619335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038700124,0.00015843008,0.00020839,0.000039045295,0.00009514312,0.00002339654,0.0001393981,0.000065933156,0.0008664436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002739882,0.00013647242,0.00010255246,0.00010040082,0.00009150932,0.000046391717,0.000055588625,0.00015435647,0.00019386619],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010765813,0.0004055367,0.00083295594,0.00004217926,0.00020024389,0.000021892707,0.00036561952,0.0031366947,0.25684404,0.042542756,0.023235045,0.67226535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033426231,0.000375312,0.00035884726,0.000086793094,0.0001436232,0.000008737634,0.00017174851,0.09856765,0.07606301,0.6114216,0.20814776,0.0013122926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000054285965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.527954e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6709531,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016754671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036801673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.948695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043703973","doi":"","title":"Town Of Needham Annual Report 1711-2016 Needham, Massachusetts","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"State Library's electronic repository (State Library of Massachusetts)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Annual report; Preliminary report; Period (music); Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.005111469983069046,"score_gpt":0.21307185835766476,"score_spread":0.2079603883745957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043703973","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009559325,0.002328828,0.0018075161,0.0013209009,0.0012413886,0.0017830645,0.0021848478,0.0031686467,0.9766055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02287083,0.0005326799,0.013401122,0.00010382421,0.0010723312,0.00007131922,0.0013528789,0.0019501752,0.95864487],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9919971,0.0003533923,0.0024911612,0.0019019691,0.0010368649,0.0022194604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99279577,0.00031017422,0.0033511536,0.003014384,0.00010727744,0.00042122364],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002174138,0.0016515895,0.0023554054,0.001052124,0.00019573925,0.0002060508,0.002156332,0.0007216705,0.004058374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003107026,0.0015622064,0.0008205364,0.0011710926,0.0015725098,0.002540351,0.0011901533,0.001482399,0.000113500944],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040813786,0.00046088296,0.009140124,0.00032652405,0.0016179677,0.00036798633,0.00020678857,0.00006764426,0.0011226083,0.004449841,0.9755099,0.006321632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00118126,0.00086455705,0.00026579952,0.0008541699,0.00022979248,0.0000846796,0.00019592576,0.00006261214,0.055013694,0.039107535,0.90046006,0.0016799326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024373185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000028205486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07504982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008058167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013939167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996231},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7064493900","doi":"","title":"Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling--Having That Conversation: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study Exploring the Experiences of Nephrology Nurses' Practice in Kidney Supportive Care in Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"QSpace (Queen's University Library)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nephrology; Grounded theory; Dialysis; Peritoneal dialysis; Advance care planning; Kidney disease; Palliative care; Qualitative research","score_opus":0.00840979315017189,"score_gpt":0.2256101783083805,"score_spread":0.2172003851582086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7064493900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98733795,0.000040587078,0.00008590995,0.0049902466,0.00082583603,0.00078359613,0.00002558144,0.00007588777,0.0058344007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998587,0.000018748773,0.00038857432,0.00006468069,0.000038477243,0.000017608374,0.00009073854,0.00003044604,0.0007637034],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824005,0.00038808736,0.0002465363,0.0004977076,0.0002857413,0.00034190077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99798095,0.0011164072,0.00039063275,0.00039985325,0.0000696298,0.00004249803],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000070727,0.00031595404,0.00040489447,0.00014726366,0.00020676521,0.00007230726,0.00058001734,0.0000908628,0.000050737366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008734749,0.00025058584,0.00008216791,0.0006729746,0.00033095025,0.0013993109,0.00023101862,0.0008718205,0.000001075939],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009910397,0.00017618478,0.03790106,0.00015446213,0.00047527702,0.00050245604,0.85588056,0.00038865834,0.000005006182,0.09808173,0.00094839407,0.0044951844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034884465,0.0000623124,0.0039667073,0.00024356504,0.00011525825,4.3032327e-7,0.98890424,0.000009964911,0.0008165635,0.0029123027,0.0023746062,0.00024519613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6320002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17195801,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46004215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003672182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001545272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7064571746","doi":"","title":"Collection Development in Practice: Rural Public Library","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Collection development; Data collection; Selection (genetic algorithm); Library management; Stock management; Reciprocal","score_opus":0.05889509131557751,"score_gpt":0.3040156483736624,"score_spread":0.2451205570580849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7064571746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5880936,0.0008014479,0.0048032627,0.0017164216,0.0010716191,0.0013104841,0.0000692783,0.0021668249,0.39996704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15458423,0.00008963499,0.0062155053,0.00016297534,0.00026961896,0.0000055706105,0.00045771824,0.00053978426,0.837675],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981144,0.00019505063,0.00026234434,0.0005931845,0.00029228523,0.00054273463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988297,0.0001056847,0.00032080273,0.0005292739,0.00006312871,0.00015137275],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009050731,0.0004385465,0.00045748014,0.0009141002,0.0001338147,0.00031207787,0.0005929089,0.00041075773,0.00061690796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041391624,0.00051982707,0.00010402988,0.0010598308,0.000118003,0.001181437,0.00072145823,0.0010434678,0.00015189647],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039975464,0.0002816279,0.9903916,0.000045251792,0.00025659963,0.0003561148,0.00008517697,0.000004345425,0.0000371282,0.0018741783,0.00014777915,0.006480202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014554424,0.0000540981,0.09953669,0.0011716577,0.000088545065,0.000015373245,0.0013827018,2.3163288e-7,0.0016247699,0.0004255185,0.89307356,0.0011714258],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011240962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006273835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89292574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002402672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035669646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7064707812","doi":"","title":"Broadside Reporting the Fenian Invasion, June 2 1866 (evening)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Proteogenomics; Liquation; Dysgeusia; Diafiltration; Hyporeflexia; Pretext","score_opus":0.01419204448481556,"score_gpt":0.20178148977560761,"score_spread":0.18758944529079205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7064707812","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0025536178,0.00007496554,0.002982223,0.000020227439,0.00057133037,0.00042936477,0.00013426754,0.0012328903,0.9920011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008778538,0.000008596343,0.00075811613,0.0000120033865,0.00029605994,1.4875438e-7,0.00010238318,0.00019550265,0.9898487],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976055,0.0000766036,0.00042380244,0.0008376633,0.0004623071,0.0005941117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99684334,0.000113252376,0.0015255093,0.0009829159,0.00024575376,0.00028923052],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000057328575,0.00057110743,0.0006057117,0.0004816256,0.0005304098,0.00017754466,0.0011515741,0.00039202644,0.00003919608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012546885,0.0005666633,0.00034288864,0.0007314919,0.00042512864,0.00059038657,0.0012872774,0.00075033307,0.0001543373],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059683123,0.00009444212,0.0076763113,0.000019191413,0.00027314754,0.00030782656,0.0000127435915,0.00008598242,0.0005112819,0.00052078353,0.9891775,0.0012611073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052095734,0.000051912997,0.00012132238,0.00020139955,0.00017982797,0.000039798153,0.006780158,0.0000030970714,0.00017233897,0.000506376,0.9907654,0.0006574091],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038512444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035500486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0075549893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039052963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003103914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7064842680","doi":"","title":"Comprendre la stratégie migratoire de trois espèces de grives du genre Catharus à l'aide d'un réseau innovateur de radio-télémétrie","year":2019,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geolocation; Statistical analysis; Urban environment","score_opus":0.006239005927117442,"score_gpt":0.18306970868351802,"score_spread":0.1768307027564006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7064842680","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8164137,0.005966676,0.030539196,0.0072841677,0.0009604627,0.0016068101,0.0021320933,0.0016157966,0.13348112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6392433,0.0073697446,0.029075459,0.000244196,0.0009027438,0.000007645901,0.00075904053,0.00076239766,0.32163545],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9950368,0.0005168948,0.0004838012,0.0014601771,0.0005133966,0.001988921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99631894,0.00062818045,0.0007835236,0.0013002367,0.00030216158,0.00066698296],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025610317,0.0014194702,0.0014467747,0.00080661825,0.0009056461,0.00022115701,0.0021888386,0.001360513,0.00038381811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059137383,0.0017113092,0.000763037,0.0014028964,0.0010608291,0.00050727127,0.001147744,0.0019870237,0.00026143287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009841889,0.0011709388,0.1490548,0.0004990586,0.0032870965,0.006385865,0.012744659,0.0039778748,0.07981953,0.44900918,0.011735849,0.28133097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0063562957,0.00077220163,0.01880366,0.0011119175,0.0020592492,0.00042845838,0.01898562,0.0018316199,0.06910151,0.005196247,0.8718848,0.00346842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015015084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031815316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86014897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0032106799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017944572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999359},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7064896759","doi":"","title":"Doris Fleming Papers Finding Aid","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Discover Archive (Vanderbilt University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Doris (gastropod); Subject (documents); Politics; Performance art; Biography","score_opus":0.008003721711731816,"score_gpt":0.21541614848164145,"score_spread":0.20741242676990965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7064896759","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23552327,0.000013950344,0.173652,0.0006714187,0.00011571961,0.00020971602,0.00004905551,0.00036371753,0.5894012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99017763,0.000006348488,0.007337449,0.000059766913,0.00005971227,1.6128581e-7,0.000024606321,0.0000099917515,0.0023243062],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907357,0.000023652194,0.00009852287,0.00032423655,0.000119527394,0.00036046928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946654,0.00010556784,0.00006128809,0.00027181645,0.000014977637,0.00007982666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002637222,0.00017612646,0.00017679628,0.00015655257,0.00025313118,0.000037158366,0.00027100544,0.000035153662,0.00007933291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001367778,0.000176103,0.00012780233,0.00027649934,0.00013582753,0.00028863057,0.0001339389,0.00024710974,0.000025001294],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011220264,0.00016312458,0.019723263,0.0000058873648,0.00011160184,0.00008552068,0.00060943275,0.0014808205,0.012809144,0.88994884,0.0007154818,0.07423466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005489009,0.000632956,0.03721273,0.00032448655,0.00030971275,0.00000858715,0.015255292,0.0018997601,0.031781986,0.6602303,0.24426895,0.0025862488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003315459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006185059,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7546544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000565425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031393054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7181272},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7064902730","doi":"","title":"CONSENT AS “FEELING-WITH”: EVERYDAY AUTOMATION AND ONTOLOGIES OF CONSENT IN A COMMUNITY TECHNOLOGY CENTRE","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognitive reframing; Informed consent; Government (linguistics); Protocol (science); Individuation; Participatory design","score_opus":0.2063910126652753,"score_gpt":0.525782324994729,"score_spread":0.3193913123294537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7064902730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99582434,0.0008135188,0.00054257025,0.0008902583,0.00007419676,0.00036366362,0.0000250583,0.00016803,0.0012983648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99747914,0.00072337966,0.001660127,0.000022230557,0.000010175363,0.000013979045,0.000010206863,0.00001961631,0.00006114775],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840766,0.00020562849,0.0005879416,0.00023466366,0.0002408775,0.00032323523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975167,0.0012248519,0.00055765745,0.0004417432,0.00019604083,0.000063008374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005299235,0.00022088492,0.00063626724,0.0007937602,0.00017322807,0.0001539904,0.0009580371,0.000112616006,0.00028067286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006442962,0.00018718548,0.000056322897,0.0012134976,0.000639729,0.00046134013,0.001137066,0.0005808094,0.0000070905708],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001204612,0.0002546001,0.9434954,0.000081021666,0.0001443959,0.000025487701,0.00028801837,0.0007656123,0.022651399,0.005520513,0.0013632093,0.02528989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013663275,0.000055353536,0.6191462,0.0014527267,0.00007273437,0.000014992723,0.00698547,0.0007464957,0.098518126,0.27033502,0.00078117504,0.0005253353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019970303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003525015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32434916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005386195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001301611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7633202},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065006983","doi":"","title":"Cuando el objetivo es llegar al cliente. La traducción de la publicidad en cadenas de comida rápida desde un punto de vista fraseológico y diatópico (EN-ES-FR)","year":2024,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Phraseology; Variation (astronomy); Point (geometry); Identity (music); Romance languages","score_opus":0.00488007261751943,"score_gpt":0.26511132375091984,"score_spread":0.2602312511334004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065006983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9397396,0.0014655516,0.039353438,0.004776894,0.00027866432,0.0004589521,0.0003767212,0.00094787317,0.01260233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810779,0.00072792196,0.016596593,0.00030528367,0.00048061257,0.00002739416,0.00010991635,0.00018492622,0.00048945815],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9946855,0.0014914005,0.00048757423,0.0010982292,0.00047281914,0.0017645108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99346644,0.0047711297,0.00022677025,0.0008409858,0.000093848736,0.0006008468],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012244319,0.00086576137,0.0008591467,0.00054652814,0.0005285337,0.0013954256,0.0011887329,0.0010487809,0.00020707615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050677283,0.00095871236,0.00057864736,0.0010235582,0.001239417,0.00074842403,0.00065239856,0.0023618962,0.0001473199],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029060236,0.0006559479,0.05405081,0.00016730564,0.00082032045,0.0014709224,0.0033166937,0.0014369445,0.008252653,0.8847955,0.008634926,0.036107365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005666973,0.0005547245,0.0921473,0.0012350691,0.0012383085,0.00024471286,0.008618816,0.028492844,0.016106697,0.10562459,0.73712486,0.0029451335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011105373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000090065274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77917093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012794656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009318986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065038421","doi":"","title":"Constitutional Cases (Pt 1) | A Review of the Supreme Court’s 2022 Constitutional Jurisprudence","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Jurisprudence; Supreme court; Constitutional law; Constitutional economics; Constitutional review; Constitutional right","score_opus":0.02145520853710183,"score_gpt":0.2820462111067172,"score_spread":0.26059100256961537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065038421","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32555178,0.056212984,0.08776539,0.090829834,0.011230146,0.009526335,0.011691746,0.0054331347,0.40175864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99675477,0.00030395892,0.0017324913,0.00055936305,0.00014285075,0.00003635567,0.000060586197,0.0000065075396,0.00040314056],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870086,0.000049123042,0.00032444022,0.0002619798,0.0003813537,0.00028224362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988957,0.00028215424,0.00013972372,0.00044905717,0.00016047218,0.00007289958],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002000364,0.00015933074,0.00025704797,0.000021701655,0.00028355073,0.000020894866,0.00036696094,0.000049043098,0.00068705657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036746656,0.000118902404,0.00015487961,0.00047252522,0.0033254395,0.0001488546,0.00027553053,0.00031727945,0.00029400835],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043718346,0.000033174576,0.0035630658,0.000093786555,0.000030071726,0.00000948269,0.000001980391,0.00012499126,0.00059452694,0.98521644,0.009777717,0.00055039325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010495465,0.0000881199,0.0031822012,0.006580431,0.00017638782,0.00009579295,0.00015651308,0.0002719548,0.021849925,0.19528988,0.77041996,0.00083932135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009294396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010455479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7899266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044926994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022789276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99938697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065137990","doi":"","title":"DOW POWERHOUSE(TM) Solar Shingles Now Available in Canada Exclusively Through Canadian Energy(TM) - Industrial Goods (INDUSGDS) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Legislation; Shingles","score_opus":0.019534277825187997,"score_gpt":0.21282716821301967,"score_spread":0.19329289038783168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065137990","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00024599474,0.00020131217,0.0031156947,0.0011118391,0.000978788,0.00039389404,0.000312915,0.0003350052,0.99330455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08468739,0.000112336704,0.016379708,0.0017497101,0.002833411,0.00007041422,0.00045840556,0.0014927926,0.89221585],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969371,0.00007402386,0.00050350477,0.0008655844,0.00035831594,0.0012614853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99829215,0.00012144297,0.0003098979,0.00091872795,0.000037367645,0.0003204414],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008108532,0.0007316589,0.00090333784,0.00028422062,0.00013888697,0.00011257294,0.00080853875,0.0007465154,0.010637484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005754501,0.00069126167,0.00011326675,0.00042077154,0.00014801379,0.00013049367,0.00026619207,0.0011081289,0.00033940183],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006343443,0.000026988999,0.0039562676,0.0000057118873,0.0001015229,0.000052262403,0.000011356572,0.0000818603,0.000008640932,0.010627568,0.975979,0.009142507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006028019,0.000032378357,0.000015385107,0.0001769026,0.000028072138,0.0000015845969,0.00024528173,0.00009379451,0.00033469067,0.0032126475,0.9944175,0.0008389631],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9996124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99984455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.101088725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012578445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041576927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99955386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065148385","doi":"","title":"Couches minces dures de carbone amorphe pour des applications biomédicales","year":2007,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Nickel alloy; Surface structure; Layer (electronics); Scanning electron microscope; Scratch; Corrosion","score_opus":0.011247205560512263,"score_gpt":0.2462413602834726,"score_spread":0.23499415472296034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065148385","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00963159,0.012008112,0.94608825,0.004517779,0.00011377764,0.0017168854,0.00032997606,0.0017454243,0.023848206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.18726481,0.0011243171,0.7057323,0.00065836404,0.0013233413,0.0012717712,0.00016146876,0.00063346484,0.10183014],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953557,0.0001596372,0.00090382143,0.0011086647,0.00047518665,0.0019969884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963023,0.0006327014,0.0006854893,0.0015471217,0.00020703526,0.0006253449],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005021103,0.0011226695,0.001057505,0.00088404096,0.0005970197,0.00029035998,0.0012625984,0.001359275,0.0008362272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025353816,0.0011442227,0.00048106135,0.001120773,0.0023085268,0.00018667108,0.0005349305,0.00135438,0.00040194823],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000833018,0.0013028157,0.055771563,0.00025575768,0.00059744733,0.000117835625,0.00020402708,0.0023245795,0.024717584,0.5199424,0.008101582,0.38658112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012351117,0.00034374098,0.021396145,0.001371997,0.0007554814,0.00016374873,0.0015015868,0.027422043,0.07843631,0.23647377,0.6273665,0.0035335808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010709677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041971495,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6192649,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013658579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068943144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999372},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065193473","doi":"","title":"2018 05 29 David Desharnais","year":2018,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.006779781575030347,"score_gpt":0.19418455717118316,"score_spread":0.18740477559615282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065193473","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00028089352,0.00025552674,0.000051500374,0.0007463877,0.0008902624,0.0005333669,0.00019971086,0.00025147945,0.9967909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0015794841,0.00012479059,0.020585468,0.00016740871,0.0006273783,0.000014562117,0.00018237044,0.00012677278,0.97659177],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99748343,0.000070456495,0.00097059127,0.00038608263,0.00041368144,0.0006757427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975873,0.00023185628,0.0008836442,0.00077863573,0.0003342751,0.00018424538],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015670841,0.0006434601,0.0007071308,0.000077530676,0.0001805393,0.0001079971,0.0006551322,0.00064535864,0.6741896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020225438,0.0006465764,0.00030869478,0.000016484231,0.0009380309,4.909923e-7,0.00035496996,0.0005209753,0.18966897],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006724687,0.00011079176,0.000021367125,0.0002789872,0.00016024488,0.000012177442,0.00008788896,0.00039035513,0.0000026131636,0.0019042802,0.96868306,0.028280972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005828378,0.00034193686,0.000020343254,0.000676615,0.00012516351,0.000029989818,0.00014698498,0.00009580657,0.00015574845,0.00055812596,0.9966223,0.000644107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015604722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032937998,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48452067,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014950936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055839417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065383398","doi":"","title":"De Gaulle au Québec 1967 = Präsident de Gaulle in Quebec","year":2010,"lang":"de","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"First world war; Period (music); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.006526538812992342,"score_gpt":0.24101687149726264,"score_spread":0.2344903326842703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065383398","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.071867675,0.0012038238,0.117564306,0.008081651,0.0011453625,0.0016719981,0.00007834278,0.0010744323,0.7973124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.11487684,0.00003728482,0.058745828,0.00021976126,0.0010709573,0.000065964974,0.000059024875,0.00038472048,0.8245396],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972614,0.000065867534,0.0004892418,0.00071728305,0.00021815677,0.0012480457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983127,0.00023124709,0.00025311345,0.0009410082,0.000045238463,0.00021666655],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001713621,0.00063052675,0.0007152711,0.00022846971,0.00013545899,0.00013091107,0.00062304287,0.00082984427,0.007118716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013088438,0.0005873129,0.00023609032,0.00021819616,0.00044882786,0.000070314294,0.00041055947,0.0016216169,0.0037249117],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017123346,0.0022445465,0.119604915,0.00025955887,0.0008585078,0.00031409654,0.0022967525,0.0015552508,0.0064257463,0.37207434,0.11124632,0.38294876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072971283,0.000072477174,0.0020761336,0.00034014735,0.00008262878,0.0000037334644,0.0009003529,0.00054970436,0.0028089313,0.015555782,0.97589356,0.0009868646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.80117047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9022246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8646472,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014844318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023754826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065409839","doi":"","title":"Développement de procédés d’oxydation photo-électrocatalytiques pour le traitement des eaux&#13;\\ncontaminées par des produits phytosanitaires.","year":2018,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"EspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental policy; Pesticide; Agricultural development","score_opus":0.06524157546760244,"score_gpt":0.32957443628510186,"score_spread":0.2643328608174994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065409839","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7127559,0.0008173701,0.19702944,0.0008663758,0.0009299033,0.0018136422,0.00029382054,0.00046153986,0.08503196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83343434,0.000109627144,0.14766844,0.00006475982,0.0007302254,0.0005472582,0.0018896743,0.0000896998,0.015465945],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9938623,0.00067130756,0.001158365,0.0016067837,0.0014650814,0.0012361656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946252,0.0010425377,0.00074341084,0.000490819,0.0026666487,0.0004313617],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023658162,0.0010201518,0.000653087,0.00054414175,0.0026573404,0.0016908441,0.0009167617,0.0011700117,0.000028215174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0054726587,0.0011007476,0.00047347177,0.0012109688,0.0049134865,0.0025783004,0.00024329945,0.0015732584,0.00013758268],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007877336,0.0047338186,0.015227908,0.0017404394,0.0014784099,0.0001470282,0.009386595,0.016563676,0.4892384,0.3401905,0.0040895888,0.11641589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010759678,0.00019000832,0.02519302,0.0026247636,0.00016118136,0.00013732885,0.0014314116,0.0042895423,0.67839104,0.26688802,0.018336352,0.0012813575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042298896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052398763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18915263,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008017437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.015605615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993455},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065419918","doi":"","title":"ePub [download] Uncle Fred in the Springtime (Blandings Castle, #6) by P.G. Wodehouse Pdf Download","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Download; Plot (graphics); Performance art; Reality tv; Canadian literature","score_opus":0.01703222330638003,"score_gpt":0.23690230609037444,"score_spread":0.2198700827839944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065419918","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027733156,0.00030969296,0.0017775454,0.0010481218,0.000117775,0.0006092296,0.001346464,0.0017282037,0.99278563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1272684,0.0003148194,0.0024382647,0.00046856975,0.0010511267,0.0000010474648,0.012197356,0.017300906,0.8389595],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982382,0.0001375634,0.00024395119,0.00056309364,0.00033366837,0.00048353814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999034,0.000029067485,0.000121444034,0.0006634915,0.00007241935,0.00007961729],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028815484,0.0002819191,0.000251335,0.00028804183,0.0003960707,0.0006906207,0.001204686,0.00014294863,0.03427044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011833836,0.00023292135,0.00007881683,0.0006538636,0.0002523398,0.00008351414,0.0010471814,0.00076920225,0.073189124],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009652379,0.00007880039,0.0000030603123,0.000031000338,0.00005223226,0.000017072261,0.00017725134,0.000006402956,0.00034167618,0.00428883,0.9745128,0.020481179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000264987,0.00006166792,0.0000053054355,0.0001028289,0.000023030023,0.000010662493,0.00025199057,0.000035763052,0.00015155096,0.0014845334,0.9973452,0.00026247787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015141687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.65349e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15382613,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009058767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000029331648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9666124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065498704","doi":"","title":"\"Everything Possible Is Being Done\": Labour, Mobility, and the Organization of Health Services in Mid-20th Century Newfoundland","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Health services; Public health; Health care; Government (linguistics); MEDLINE; Medical services; Quality (philosophy); Population","score_opus":0.006040141288776131,"score_gpt":0.2113843471811229,"score_spread":0.20534420589234675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065498704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98554736,0.000004975172,0.0009092414,0.00038956013,0.00005208175,0.0004616939,0.000012368594,0.000066347304,0.012556397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954486,0.0031152177,0.0013220281,0.0000659649,0.000012388913,2.6887807e-7,0.000010210091,0.000012560048,0.000012747369],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999163,0.000084238556,0.00016519555,0.00025653464,0.00010933474,0.00022171684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935573,0.00010758554,0.00016206864,0.00027067945,0.00008116196,0.000022781122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015780731,0.00012826985,0.00025545293,0.0010992242,0.0001160229,0.00003805264,0.0002170966,0.00005071629,0.000015528725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009380838,0.000106906504,0.000032980002,0.0032039534,0.00010707784,0.00032787124,0.0002986731,0.00017685068,0.0000029372864],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011729125,0.00021191963,0.8597532,0.00029585848,0.000088072986,0.0000037561213,0.018727997,0.0002785857,0.00007150783,0.09198553,0.0000024474539,0.028463855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.040496327,0.00096937356,0.20840712,0.0033094008,0.00036675317,0.000017823266,0.10082281,0.011076528,0.012984454,0.0071550994,0.6112605,0.003133838],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09056782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022537177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.651346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009938456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010874532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9154882},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065560180","doi":"","title":"ERIC ED477400: Employer of Choice? Workplace Innovation in Government: A Synthesis Report.","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Restructuring; Human resources; Workforce; Lagging; Government (linguistics); Private sector; Work (physics); Public sector","score_opus":0.006660938181616928,"score_gpt":0.2000944582968461,"score_spread":0.19343352011522918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065560180","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008849344,0.00005159764,0.000028580758,0.000098268996,0.00009637812,0.00032229107,0.00007958305,0.00011951914,0.99831885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007960106,0.000030141522,0.007401711,0.000023091938,0.000088180044,0.00002186919,0.000064885746,0.000090933274,0.9843191],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981059,0.000029683084,0.0009867055,0.00020654693,0.00040917008,0.0002620016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979401,0.00021321264,0.0012666951,0.0004442981,0.00010470909,0.000030934396],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016139304,0.0002862717,0.0004890759,0.00010403183,0.000023636594,0.000018190109,0.00023809672,0.00026638276,0.11475565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003778654,0.00028916795,0.000091248614,0.000052149968,0.0001373666,4.0005486e-7,0.00010716061,0.00027742857,0.00056290434],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026907088,0.000077225865,0.00039666775,0.00012914333,0.00005572148,0.000015337993,0.000019735548,0.00033116428,0.0000018562329,0.00032692676,0.9884404,0.010178944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026147353,0.000034631976,0.00006120879,0.00051796495,0.000030818504,0.000012066417,0.00012391266,0.00001358688,0.00015717119,0.00013598405,0.9983929,0.0002583294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040153647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030715027,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11419275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007468211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019280062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999561},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065580046","doi":"","title":"Feature Story: No magic bullet to combat climate change say University of Regina and University of Saskatchewan researchers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"oURspace (University of Regina)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Hyporeflexia; Diafiltration; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Hemopericardium; Demotion","score_opus":0.019516136281380412,"score_gpt":0.22890833870955474,"score_spread":0.20939220242817433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065580046","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012859557,0.00050593115,0.0043664463,0.9168108,0.00016731105,0.0010644624,0.0009918447,0.00025958486,0.06297404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0044531035,0.00066222734,0.022474324,0.000006634537,0.000045985264,2.2829829e-8,0.000035766767,0.00007974919,0.9722422],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987487,0.00009698509,0.000009238755,0.00048175445,0.00026709083,0.00039623596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981627,0.000056814584,0.0005169669,0.0008889194,0.00019369618,0.00018092452],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016023344,0.0002745745,0.0006807737,0.00031365632,0.00026309103,0.000007954707,0.0008413173,0.00034436272,0.000052202984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018993735,0.00037339426,0.00016257775,0.00020322084,0.0014205108,0.00014029042,0.00083960954,0.0005225122,0.00003504752],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018014103,0.00003302583,0.0011655668,0.00019362158,0.0001649452,0.000066837,0.00067070295,0.0000033891972,0.00011509491,0.0024112898,0.9882452,0.0067501874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00081211724,0.00017909463,0.00044653326,0.0006957007,0.0001370224,8.2956575e-7,0.02983285,0.000020621987,0.000016497248,0.000025242105,0.9675319,0.00030159167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007505114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018962466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9168042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001117941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009977109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998718},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065587881","doi":"","title":"Episode #PLACEBO: Therapeutic Ukuleles, Therapeutic Penguins, Therapeutic Yarn","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Depression (economics); Therapeutic approach; Musical; Clinical Practice; MEDLINE","score_opus":0.009168778970320014,"score_gpt":0.21724201396160475,"score_spread":0.20807323499128474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065587881","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018427756,0.0016653163,0.000084370164,0.0003016148,0.00036250206,0.0007687492,0.00014042365,0.0005337609,0.99612486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.022096803,0.00021076843,0.0018832467,0.00023193186,0.0002850602,0.000036946865,0.00016166066,0.00027056594,0.974823],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997734,0.00008727814,0.0006378786,0.0004120892,0.00047943657,0.0006492894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971405,0.00021370356,0.0010960872,0.0012755065,0.00015137364,0.00012281747],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019972853,0.00070746907,0.0008066947,0.000106305066,0.00022985219,0.00014872353,0.0009958439,0.00052778894,0.14328419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045192424,0.0006386884,0.00032660484,0.000011378492,0.0005178643,8.0010835e-7,0.00020362991,0.0007051556,0.0074212276],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007170756,0.000074510135,0.000026387854,0.00011665274,0.00031857932,0.0000059622166,0.00003740411,0.00008601779,0.0000028430784,0.0019296783,0.9185668,0.07876344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080699014,0.00012581373,0.000019043746,0.00028210168,0.0001688633,0.000012870732,0.0000961422,0.0000507074,0.000068863665,0.0017843639,0.9959091,0.0006751546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033313783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047091694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13586295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006435385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048370952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99960643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065590644","doi":"","title":"Early data suggests Omicron cases could be milder, but take that with a grain of salt, experts say","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Term (time); Context (archaeology); Data collection; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score_opus":0.017658538165583274,"score_gpt":0.22311162734846582,"score_spread":0.20545308918288255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065590644","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012745627,0.0004601088,0.000022951763,0.0002562036,0.00011608126,0.0004127509,0.0010956029,0.0001580236,0.9962037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011421703,0.00009514126,0.012787549,0.0000863912,0.00009419563,0.000009711022,0.0013474389,0.0001369939,0.9740209],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837834,0.000045459186,0.0004940361,0.00034580097,0.00039168698,0.00034470024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978055,0.00019278267,0.00068883755,0.001093547,0.00013673164,0.00008261951],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093339026,0.00041239915,0.0006211213,0.00006547548,0.00005444785,0.000047742815,0.000579148,0.00028715463,0.061301973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007625628,0.00033254435,0.00010246754,0.000014359632,0.00035264474,6.65206e-7,0.00034074008,0.0002889711,0.00015669895],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006851678,0.000074473544,0.000036533984,0.00018077262,0.00014138853,0.000041098032,0.00006566736,0.000051679406,0.000006637277,0.00010030752,0.99551135,0.0037215955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005314426,0.00014709799,0.000013293495,0.00057455624,0.00006881553,0.0000457435,0.00048702105,0.000012624817,0.00038020202,0.00002345745,0.99732935,0.00038637852],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010752484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012491088,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061145276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026717411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053362175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065595861","doi":"","title":"Étude évaluative concernant les problèmes, besoins et enjeux psychosociaux vécus par les personnes trans au Québec : point de vue des intervenants psychosociaux spécialisés auprès de cette clientèle","year":2021,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Social innovation; Social environment; Social activism","score_opus":0.034385972456878584,"score_gpt":0.2702985746607235,"score_spread":0.2359126022038449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065595861","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8125649,0.012226164,0.055998158,0.028024988,0.0012090707,0.0021710563,0.0015003999,0.0010011902,0.08530404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8897746,0.010044389,0.023031225,0.0002629569,0.0009734553,0.000020772064,0.00039725797,0.00070123194,0.074794106],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99391323,0.00092579547,0.0006498611,0.0017812442,0.0006850385,0.0020448172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961545,0.00054388953,0.0010349504,0.0009808497,0.0006328613,0.000652975],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044381715,0.0015146553,0.0016917237,0.00051109516,0.0021353585,0.00016245584,0.0017240013,0.0012144197,0.0016201421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015971872,0.0017287506,0.0013802456,0.0010106144,0.002214299,0.0004886848,0.0007914238,0.0019191235,0.000055781456],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009939249,0.0023825467,0.12699427,0.00089608796,0.005012877,0.0015350477,0.30046648,0.0012760354,0.030859249,0.13022904,0.005568894,0.39378554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013545934,0.0023957435,0.109675415,0.013539112,0.0053325095,0.00020051826,0.31995267,0.0011728221,0.034453925,0.025004042,0.46768618,0.0070411586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3341487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.62011296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46211725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007720775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038249968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065648643","doi":"","title":"Effects of cultivar and environment on quality characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cultivar; Wheat flour; Quality (philosophy); Raw material","score_opus":0.008686252429363044,"score_gpt":0.21300289711780288,"score_spread":0.20431664468843982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065648643","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99681395,0.000028855806,0.0017810063,0.000041269945,0.000055753037,0.00018429068,0.00006821743,0.00001377949,0.0010128486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937008,0.00009832295,0.0054752645,0.0000017050472,0.000010585245,1.7338935e-7,0.00013111698,0.000012617752,0.0005694016],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936163,0.000041238494,0.00012464978,0.00020102391,0.00016101071,0.000110455934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912375,0.00013443336,0.00045827447,0.00020780783,0.000046266654,0.00002948557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048550333,0.00015990132,0.00044041345,0.00007136459,0.000047628015,0.0000022609293,0.0001255326,0.00012583575,0.00000624914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022190123,0.00018923156,0.00008977953,0.000053540538,0.00018074969,0.000037628837,0.000046996618,0.00016090709,0.000004359037],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024393094,0.005042053,0.1955395,0.008394998,0.002482995,0.00005870401,0.0027127601,0.00024687534,0.4883224,0.1476251,0.0010810103,0.14605427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018193583,0.00065935805,0.7604408,0.0009642451,0.00056343543,2.3942945e-7,0.025512889,0.00009612191,0.2016377,0.005206071,0.0023727948,0.0007269349],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032860306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043283784,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56490135,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002608343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011830239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7716639},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065696541","doi":"","title":"Differences between elderly and young drivers : driving vigilance in two tasks / by Ryan Toxopeus.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vigilance (psychology); Alertness; Poison control; Sleep deprivation; Arousal; Driving simulator; Human factors and ergonomics","score_opus":0.015605869158265001,"score_gpt":0.2751477377650697,"score_spread":0.25954186860680467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065696541","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89813364,0.0002618229,0.0022115477,0.000041348423,0.0002176504,0.00024436734,0.00005599962,0.0001683164,0.09866531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98944885,0.0000044276753,0.00026071086,4.0831435e-7,0.00007056836,0.0000013375949,0.00036780743,0.00003562099,0.009810246],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983878,0.00007071743,0.00026936585,0.00059532834,0.00014510793,0.00053169404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989065,0.00028186434,0.00019472156,0.0003693686,0.0001063742,0.00014117674],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007914687,0.00043877328,0.00061814237,0.0005463218,0.00028923928,0.00006792983,0.00055343535,0.00024243469,0.000020718257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021786778,0.0005077271,0.000103331906,0.00072238036,0.00024093574,0.00024584733,0.00019236906,0.0009381456,0.000015672951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002338548,0.00010752162,0.9143033,0.000035860103,0.00008706069,0.000022602751,0.00080056424,0.0000013983204,0.00025878684,0.017305706,0.00033726002,0.066716544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035897864,0.00034359162,0.898914,0.0021640665,0.00046466172,0.000001885473,0.011309821,0.000109422435,0.0041589118,0.008982563,0.067024775,0.0029365062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003262331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09239934,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0920731,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018162958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000073891824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065708368","doi":"","title":"Fertility patterns of child migrants: age at migration and ancestry in comparative perspective","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Diafiltration; Articular cartilage damage; Proteogenomics; Hyporeflexia; Liquation","score_opus":0.0665623124680091,"score_gpt":0.38292748383061487,"score_spread":0.3163651713626058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065708368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930012,0.0002434357,0.000027911807,0.0028139986,0.00006371127,0.000359467,0.00035250562,0.0000076204965,0.0031301212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979928,0.000282961,0.00150718,0.000075243275,0.0000955911,0.0000075316716,0.000008021886,0.000010273437,0.00002036878],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959171,0.00009689196,0.00090276217,0.00077960786,0.00024495515,0.0020586792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963148,0.00070293015,0.00022496477,0.00044573323,0.00039122681,0.0019203256],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025478546,0.00027505253,0.00076982676,0.000558433,0.00032133903,0.00015602123,0.0005522053,0.000124852,0.00005615541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00096315,0.0002452312,0.00008606367,0.000513027,0.008310691,0.0012082572,0.0008545282,0.00060515053,0.000004606673],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054150707,0.00019305594,0.33953246,0.000017705052,0.000008346618,3.0578553e-7,0.000077522476,0.000026136944,0.0006253248,0.6591774,0.0000016147051,0.0002859652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008665651,0.00034193601,0.81438196,0.0000987132,0.000014661883,0.0000055020528,0.0037473026,0.005203637,0.015770812,0.15907675,0.0001737514,0.0003183951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007854417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00091146026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5001007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061166525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057188526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":1},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065752370","doi":"","title":"Geochemistry of Precambrian paleosols and Huronian sedimentary rocks, Ontario and QuÃ©bec, Canada","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Precambrian; Paleosol; Sedimentary rock; Proterozoic; Archean; Diagenesis","score_opus":0.001563130514516689,"score_gpt":0.12775797033201705,"score_spread":0.12619483981750035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065752370","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.030679181,0.0009842464,0.000023507002,0.0012164231,0.000095613825,0.00024326236,0.0013662477,0.000019769488,0.9653717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7418565,0.00033850488,0.003115118,0.000410649,0.00013099855,0.0000088683355,0.00010599284,0.00015708996,0.25387624],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841946,0.000016581445,0.00025740304,0.00034409447,0.00065666786,0.00030576403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992249,0.00009189581,0.00021428868,0.00025337902,4.0875878e-7,0.00021509948],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000032475432,0.00031323693,0.0004286923,0.000018132769,0.00007638574,0.000013435021,0.00016575326,0.000055148605,0.0004091038],"category_scores_gemma":[7.4207264e-7,0.0003158828,0.000018984072,0.000037939633,0.00017438729,0.00007478283,0.00017809638,0.0002419824,7.6418666e-10],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007737881,0.00018277363,0.4732287,0.0015295933,0.002134101,0.00031628282,0.00021498876,0.00007263327,0.007927193,0.018705864,0.25266716,0.24224691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00077734643,0.000078517674,0.019670872,0.0006461444,0.00011959582,0.0000071784357,0.0012356673,0.00008728637,0.043577638,0.0018497015,0.9310876,0.0008624646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.92352396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99100167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7114955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014031229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023653372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065785556","doi":"","title":"Exploration du potentiel de l’intelligence artificielle pour améliorer les processus et les résultats de la gestion de projet","year":2024,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Le dépôt institutionnel (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Context (archaeology); Perspective (graphical); Identification (biology)","score_opus":0.014933130876540253,"score_gpt":0.22637819129054024,"score_spread":0.211445060414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065785556","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06412541,0.00073869666,0.9002232,0.02030764,0.00024263025,0.00056765956,0.00008646671,0.00064247695,0.013065796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9001844,0.0002687903,0.02224994,0.00007496456,0.00048213216,0.00005399884,0.00008301444,0.0001854683,0.07641732],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974416,0.0002957194,0.00038916687,0.000836365,0.00028490764,0.00075226254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984676,0.0003251752,0.00031812786,0.00045130932,0.00023878824,0.00019899652],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039783283,0.00064360385,0.0004725309,0.00040684632,0.000802997,0.00028241324,0.0006010044,0.0007603218,0.0003873111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003818343,0.00068166887,0.00027820037,0.00059705693,0.0012202397,0.0006386367,0.0003268492,0.0012760382,0.0007111514],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013763514,0.0007335943,0.0043546404,0.00030430563,0.00029481805,0.0003112331,0.009416442,0.3447448,0.0027646709,0.5614535,0.004259412,0.0712249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016098282,0.00034405498,0.0038188773,0.0032299645,0.0010814067,0.0002514292,0.0499196,0.5524056,0.0077806925,0.09094592,0.2861046,0.0025080063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09211467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03354817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87797326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010541343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015318334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99956346},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065892757","doi":"","title":"Episode 593: Winnipeg Jets forward Morgan Barron joins the show, Kenny Lawler returns to the Blue Bombers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Performance art; Wright; Interpretation (philosophy); Luck","score_opus":0.006429689499061987,"score_gpt":0.1988567092430599,"score_spread":0.19242701974399792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065892757","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015162362,0.00005093688,0.000023966853,0.0036447472,0.0003933132,0.00080247776,0.00022447189,0.00065966084,0.9940488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009853626,0.00003343484,0.0015925119,0.00041759666,0.00034923386,0.000040583298,0.00006731539,0.00029131863,0.9873544],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981027,0.000062284525,0.00056871295,0.00029222565,0.0004494737,0.00052456226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981421,0.00028344998,0.0004260687,0.00091800233,0.000116250536,0.00011411994],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002263923,0.00045021152,0.0004468246,0.00006404052,0.00019934951,0.0000945166,0.00078333454,0.00028945817,0.046084464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001802547,0.0002971056,0.00023409002,0.000034144727,0.00028455906,5.2055617e-7,0.000343038,0.0006098598,0.011999268],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021194115,0.00001806216,0.000010143377,0.000033694178,0.00010860758,0.0000039750885,0.00022689559,0.0013319704,6.1893275e-7,0.0005923961,0.99348533,0.004167127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021348747,0.00007145925,0.000019963725,0.00016153893,0.00007118996,0.0000068394284,0.0007119101,0.00006489056,0.000062665684,0.00019788109,0.9980627,0.0003555109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042505227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006437401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.034085196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000065223554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026411388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999481},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066022764","doi":"","title":"Feature Story: Regulating sexually-oriented businesses in Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"oURspace (University of Regina)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Legislation; Government (linguistics); Work (physics); Feature (linguistics); Criminal law; Order (exchange)","score_opus":0.0048464893148051705,"score_gpt":0.18056492612758773,"score_spread":0.17571843681278257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066022764","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012329535,0.00023318606,0.024863325,0.91168106,0.00038401727,0.000344989,0.00008688191,0.00028636426,0.049790632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0063656787,0.000009206445,0.02279023,0.000008829061,0.000081110324,1.3062174e-7,0.000039927254,0.00011010312,0.97059476],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928784,0.000029919149,0.0000069815737,0.00027328235,0.00016416145,0.0002378353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924064,0.000047420548,0.00025749364,0.0003621298,0.000048455433,0.00004387913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000034596414,0.00018970562,0.00036827128,0.00014755191,0.000056666333,0.000004020108,0.00024179961,0.00013320801,0.000025553501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019099567,0.00023272926,0.000039030823,0.00027910486,0.00013390658,0.000042684627,0.00012510747,0.00033756977,0.0000055893584],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000055955775,0.0000049202213,0.003182671,0.00003266057,0.000033312168,0.000012884656,0.000011573426,0.00012186326,0.000018761455,0.004927473,0.98705494,0.0045933374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028360664,0.000010586022,0.0003343032,0.00028248996,0.000022802826,4.0730507e-7,0.0029042233,0.00013831207,0.0000108197855,0.00001926195,0.99577475,0.00021844784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10095905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.695285,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92080414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002066777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031360216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9490424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066169848","doi":"","title":"Help &amp;amp; Support 1-800-772-1071 Apple Support Customer Care Number","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Toll; Service (business); Customer retention; Customer needs; Customer advocacy","score_opus":0.01319662791535789,"score_gpt":0.28198399029665333,"score_spread":0.2687873623812954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066169848","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00036217232,0.0000017113603,0.015058691,0.00018108859,0.0006640597,0.0013089508,0.0005506079,0.0012347063,0.980638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.010464602,0.000045574743,0.015810026,0.000082073486,0.00063505664,0.00033189706,0.0006894107,0.0007882345,0.97115314],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99356407,0.0002124528,0.00085180625,0.003401685,0.0007103351,0.0012596275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99148,0.00027146668,0.00069850934,0.0069357296,0.00022204166,0.00039226713],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074549345,0.001074499,0.0011871166,0.00027333698,0.00019875175,0.00014604237,0.0019392899,0.00087068323,0.94173825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003584329,0.0010289204,0.0005702639,0.00026118397,0.00065196404,0.00019647597,0.002951828,0.0011646489,0.97623354],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041430347,0.0002380705,0.021474728,0.00012532431,0.0004367907,0.00002033963,0.00032876816,0.000020755651,0.00040934453,0.007300119,0.9245416,0.045062765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063956005,8.271923e-7,0.00015051727,0.00018598563,0.00014772727,0.000016765358,0.00018304026,0.0000013085526,0.0018301834,0.0067130877,0.9889858,0.0011452284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005023214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015509037,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06444421,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034199885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002902927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99921614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066224074","doi":"","title":"Formation continue et professionnalisme enseignant : rÃ©alitÃ©s, contradictions et perspectives","year":2004,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Publics; Context (archaeology); Colonial period; Professionalization","score_opus":0.003970577954933063,"score_gpt":0.17028315868443356,"score_spread":0.1663125807295005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066224074","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010196148,0.002560442,0.028445292,0.07144738,0.0006975974,0.0011832716,0.002392313,0.00009394952,0.8829836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84698266,0.00036193352,0.009132508,0.0007903599,0.0001300085,0.000024316518,0.0000665775,0.000099870456,0.14241178],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99776584,0.00013850341,0.00041441087,0.00037185763,0.0008768425,0.00043251962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878216,0.00029965016,0.00042314728,0.00028493424,0.0000018540529,0.00020828226],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000013287657,0.00040136563,0.0004888456,0.00003784425,0.00024798504,0.000047165224,0.00022290183,0.00009118713,0.00022067448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008501826,0.0003742024,0.000068788126,0.00008667072,0.0003183957,0.0004637051,0.00018112919,0.0004984313,2.6338496e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009548665,0.00007876502,0.0006049383,0.00012180594,0.00016702617,0.000030303188,0.0006484086,0.00021328368,0.004443872,0.98311263,0.000913376,0.009570114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002177276,0.00029901598,0.012971804,0.004126142,0.00022589882,0.000021957227,0.07234155,0.0020976358,0.07730283,0.10767323,0.71923184,0.0015308282],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038737054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018761648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8754394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003960091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027061417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999871},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066239034","doi":"","title":"EVICTION AND INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS: SECURITY OF TENURE IN CANADA","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Archipelago (University of Quebec in Montreal)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Eviction; Government (linguistics); Security council; Sanctions","score_opus":0.00609510108248854,"score_gpt":0.19370019247492,"score_spread":0.18760509139243148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066239034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8906448,0.00015488126,0.0012107646,0.00093063957,0.0002498917,0.00046961027,0.00058209396,0.00014020108,0.10561712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876271,0.000080770275,0.0012641638,0.000002275087,0.000015649595,2.2673905e-7,0.000037191203,0.00003967141,0.010932955],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955,0.000017757904,0.00009631407,0.00014934989,0.0000910928,0.000095512034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996317,0.00007567896,0.00013296737,0.00012417887,0.000016945434,0.00001851568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000029838659,0.0000837239,0.00019718078,0.00022886651,0.000012808957,0.000001734361,0.00011859889,0.000056599773,0.000052461703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012716158,0.00010438719,0.000024684385,0.00015862093,0.000105011684,0.00004600372,0.0001000887,0.00016637889,0.0000012582143],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000071525865,0.00015838743,0.20262586,0.00010260869,0.0002133796,0.00006733051,0.0038386795,0.000618659,0.000026834816,0.055968877,0.010166618,0.7261413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021324093,0.00004123718,0.534506,0.0015825893,0.00006232066,0.0000010991065,0.05475979,0.0053373887,0.000041090243,0.39554086,0.0053939237,0.0006012853],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9979538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011010967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011723351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4256786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066276628","doi":"","title":"Healthcare of Ontario Pension Plan Trust Fund Has $23.10 Million Holdings in Enphase Energy, Inc. (NASDAQ:ENPH)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plan (archaeology); Pension plan; Health care; Pension; Government (linguistics); Pension fund; Trust fund","score_opus":0.03906011613830832,"score_gpt":0.27657760249409025,"score_spread":0.23751748635578193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066276628","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011473227,0.002864324,0.0038216186,0.0022022047,0.0010260544,0.00087575166,0.0004950788,0.0013292425,0.9759125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1986785,0.00003549692,0.00785499,0.000071187445,0.00020198006,0.000016113045,0.00047163866,0.00039744173,0.7922727],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998329,0.000021396596,0.00041863517,0.00060264464,0.00022033806,0.00040799828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991002,0.000039026752,0.00020779471,0.0005270526,0.000039415747,0.00008650677],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060298935,0.00041996807,0.0006275152,0.00043215824,0.00003558951,0.000044766362,0.0002407422,0.00040148984,0.003031191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007929968,0.00036306836,0.00011982974,0.00025703566,0.00019485185,0.000049564227,0.00025838226,0.0005620024,0.00016642602],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016430943,0.00043404006,0.002214435,0.00034741833,0.0002284674,0.000105598265,0.0004136506,0.000044840017,0.00070968445,0.26262861,0.6910143,0.041694645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005170792,0.00015920182,0.000031283318,0.00084578164,0.00003759915,0.0000018623389,0.00020166043,0.00008977122,0.0019443536,0.022071073,0.9736104,0.00048996054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1717312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10254278,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28259608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000251895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020794636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066324905","doi":"","title":"The Fighting Fires edition","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Globe; MAGIC (telescope); Politics; Phrase; Magic bullet","score_opus":0.004332094436906642,"score_gpt":0.18509054070459433,"score_spread":0.1807584462676877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066324905","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000012556605,0.0001149087,0.000008005569,0.0002731397,0.00033508366,0.00026855935,0.00007034343,0.00021105756,0.99870634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0013339112,0.000037723523,0.0016541688,0.00003761976,0.00028796756,0.000008067838,0.00008439424,0.00007274125,0.9964834],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905777,0.000022706943,0.0003339793,0.0001275522,0.00021941103,0.00023855313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988801,0.00022017115,0.00043740383,0.00035971237,0.00007110454,0.00003154265],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008001131,0.00021033827,0.00022216213,0.000024169185,0.000104987084,0.000055282882,0.00027543466,0.00017120314,0.076330364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000677421,0.00015737023,0.00010697059,0.0000050138024,0.0001504995,1.3026298e-7,0.00010565145,0.00026000853,0.0099928845],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009471202,0.000009492921,0.000003042355,0.0000473102,0.00003605728,6.833569e-7,0.000010365522,0.00012183125,1.5041498e-7,0.0013635351,0.9861816,0.012216434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015684192,0.000034539666,0.0000024222952,0.00014886385,0.00002398993,0.0000014395423,0.00011810808,0.000033974076,0.000027283084,0.00037372168,0.9988986,0.00018018129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001109389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009618178,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06633748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019288647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012560889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99077797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066369214","doi":"","title":"Indigenous achievement and institutional accountability: a review of the University of Manitoba’s procedural environment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Work (physics); Resistance (ecology); Power (physics); Knowledge production; Traditional knowledge","score_opus":0.009811074906789057,"score_gpt":0.20119647386985015,"score_spread":0.1913853989630611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066369214","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959859,0.0012030741,0.0003098669,0.00042130775,0.00007642282,0.00065534544,0.00017655603,0.000018325956,0.0011531765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939352,0.0023832433,0.0029795526,0.000018340048,0.000015009141,5.2573324e-7,0.00028588861,0.000015180594,0.00036704936],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911666,0.000045740522,0.00012035838,0.0002495561,0.00033097345,0.00013673674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910456,0.00003110326,0.00044664732,0.00032288683,0.00006784709,0.000026984442],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009692552,0.00015845113,0.0003494209,0.000059417296,0.0003238223,0.0000024995772,0.00041728263,0.00007374344,0.000064184496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008435928,0.00017338246,0.00014719152,0.00014105826,0.00036660553,0.00009376267,0.00037763614,0.00028088866,0.0000023772586],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017089495,0.004545658,0.6925388,0.040398367,0.0031707748,0.000058003967,0.010096951,0.0015587399,0.0073410426,0.05530195,0.0041740076,0.17910679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011535536,0.00030691043,0.773968,0.003870383,0.0009781691,0.0000027606854,0.17498839,0.00006381867,0.0011695417,0.0025196457,0.040332846,0.00064602523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027664977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017861346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17846076,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021228958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014590783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99670506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066396144","doi":"","title":"Genetic and functional dissection of resistance to gram-negative infection in wild-derived mice","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Medical Research Council; National Institutes of Health; Medical Research Council Canada","keywords":"Typhoid fever; Disease; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Salmonella; Human disease; Salmonella infection; Bacteremia","score_opus":0.009420062284698626,"score_gpt":0.23150547011069714,"score_spread":0.2220854078259985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066396144","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98751456,0.000049060756,0.000015008185,0.000012118157,0.0003028214,0.000546412,0.00022773961,0.00012730218,0.011205002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946896,0.000058242254,0.0036880483,0.000014256821,0.00003497331,0.00009473895,0.00018963538,0.00007353812,0.0011570042],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978436,0.00010928874,0.0005979042,0.00076182716,0.00030829464,0.00037908906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883574,0.00019341262,0.00032771402,0.00032530597,0.00020445898,0.00011337306],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012222324,0.00045053437,0.00051360455,0.00037320744,0.00033127452,0.000032003616,0.00013465738,0.00033223888,0.00008169402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017008703,0.0005054727,0.00012500254,0.0006830582,0.00008633668,0.0003151182,0.000056513403,0.0008407243,0.000025405217],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0035406265,0.00085778726,0.007341571,0.0004830814,0.0004815472,0.00002616171,0.00008373745,0.0030849797,0.35991487,0.10897032,0.000010253681,0.5152051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012903485,0.00025006727,0.34538177,0.0010008077,0.00016242791,0.000005955419,0.0005531537,0.000034798955,0.35092995,0.2972915,0.0018337122,0.0012655604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007362945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040120673,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5139395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027669742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025447249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066459879","doi":"","title":"Implication des PKC dans la mort cellulaire induite via le rÃ©cepteur CD40 chez les lymphocytes B","year":2001,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Dysgeusia; Diafiltration; Liquation; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Fusible alloy","score_opus":0.002996840959972735,"score_gpt":0.15772164986286594,"score_spread":0.1547248089028932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066459879","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1143069,0.0012546807,0.015443918,0.0025734883,0.00017292931,0.00042719406,0.00046602613,0.000070894836,0.86528397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8235685,0.00032162562,0.00827406,0.000115500065,0.0001564904,0.000017656097,0.00005587983,0.00014285621,0.16734742],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976708,0.00008643545,0.00040211197,0.000506628,0.0007964277,0.0005375519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99868315,0.0002772165,0.00035452514,0.00042528452,0.0000013213081,0.00025847062],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000010141826,0.00049141597,0.0004937006,0.00003724998,0.00035374498,0.000046357673,0.00041259255,0.00013925225,0.00026131328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000036079198,0.0005062602,0.00007359138,0.00013888403,0.00084975245,0.00025245058,0.0003108441,0.0003247073,4.9975124e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009579981,0.00012199513,0.07215706,0.00023816348,0.0002980213,0.00009834674,0.00015904105,0.00039612033,0.08180909,0.4876069,0.0005543839,0.35646504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000874958,0.00012526257,0.063724145,0.00081095676,0.0001402805,0.000028609356,0.008086547,0.0022464837,0.42627576,0.032139808,0.46425405,0.001293134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025004126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027319862,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7092616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050712893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017415372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997389},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066509727","doi":"","title":"The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Toyama Repository for Academic Information (University of Toyama)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Hospital for Sick Children","keywords":"MEDLINE; Public health; Work (physics); Government (linguistics); Population","score_opus":0.006663461431974233,"score_gpt":0.17364802096157791,"score_spread":0.16698455952960367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066509727","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7778953,0.00006916665,0.20492733,0.0004039742,0.0003955737,0.0013118834,0.00036468884,0.00014085673,0.014491275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741211,0.000051949894,0.024339473,0.000004242253,0.00002903397,6.016237e-8,0.000051868108,0.0000070108454,0.0013952714],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918616,0.000023200855,0.00020695306,0.00016332275,0.00017832404,0.00024202366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99829006,0.00014763989,0.00073798315,0.0003241207,0.00043135873,0.00006884736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016311131,0.00014639452,0.0002799452,0.00006343259,0.0006456887,0.0000051320485,0.00079376955,0.00020306619,0.00004973777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024959838,0.00017603932,0.0003040659,0.00008576787,0.00065301865,0.0012243936,0.00025020697,0.00018408717,0.0000036306337],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.007749717,0.00088918913,0.05146288,0.0006824297,0.00317521,0.000009250938,0.09412635,0.0013963137,0.0038434316,0.64146227,0.056394767,0.1388082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018452907,0.0037438555,0.113882735,0.0005594092,0.0021085048,0.000016514168,0.5093714,0.016941767,0.030238625,0.02364722,0.2783635,0.0026735526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026487424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000061191524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.617815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012286064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008415093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7178675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066622378","doi":"","title":"Indice de qualité écologique (IQE) - Indice de potentialité écologique (IPE) - Guide méthodologique - Version 2.0","year":2020,"lang":"fr","type":"report","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Heritage","funders":"","keywords":"Web site; Ornaments; Statistical analysis","score_opus":0.03047136825512185,"score_gpt":0.27841375781789207,"score_spread":0.24794238956277023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066622378","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.119630404,0.0009680922,0.78304404,0.027929928,0.000608693,0.0014310532,0.00038090156,0.0012568923,0.06475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.36015454,0.003654443,0.5997153,0.0008239531,0.0003413483,0.0002392518,0.0018298673,0.00025850508,0.03298283],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9710274,0.022314958,0.0018969239,0.0020240159,0.000905259,0.0018314783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98040044,0.010852767,0.0023037763,0.0028540012,0.0028329105,0.00075608527],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.017587695,0.0012202989,0.0015869689,0.00037688194,0.0010966194,0.0005448268,0.0029966012,0.0024669138,0.00040700927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.019916272,0.0013446899,0.0008051152,0.0012489102,0.0015558397,0.00040425255,0.0027072106,0.004080543,0.00032875154],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025194755,0.003131173,0.0501498,0.0010176201,0.0013195861,0.00043657876,0.009142277,0.001327267,0.06354365,0.624973,0.012856109,0.23185101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002379073,0.000026746475,0.01891027,0.0051948354,0.0008884223,0.00028506346,0.002827344,0.0075774095,0.23325893,0.06845587,0.65679604,0.003400004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006836929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001608637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6439399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022217627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041453238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066622940","doi":"","title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on home dialysis modality use in Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Home hemodialysis; Dialysis; Pandemic; Hemodialysis; Home dialysis; Modalities; Logistic regression","score_opus":0.028307331410143084,"score_gpt":0.250856051943723,"score_spread":0.22254872053357994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066622940","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988046,0.0000068651552,0.00006541665,0.00048073285,0.00011287436,0.00017727158,0.00013650022,0.000028056196,0.00018765996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994241,0.000020594201,0.000041258452,0.000004591573,0.000009650691,3.100224e-7,0.000058603695,0.000011961508,0.0004289306],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991812,0.000075646836,0.00010473297,0.00019981153,0.00023600055,0.00020258901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985815,0.0005408032,0.00029721312,0.00047241946,0.00006144307,0.00004658787],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009515714,0.00015433572,0.00029195947,0.00007382386,0.00020752658,0.000010516747,0.0004980426,0.00008597792,0.0000034872749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011193511,0.000117065414,0.000204492,0.00040553656,0.00012307006,0.000054456446,0.00010965094,0.00035527337,0.0000023444893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012421886,0.000026528283,0.9859016,0.000019844843,0.00016697576,0.000004980953,0.00013608013,0.009546542,0.00008132087,0.0013149688,0.00096527586,0.001711652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024062277,0.000021198084,0.972008,0.000042009677,0.000054276734,8.070194e-8,0.021497266,0.00041024914,0.000045063203,0.0054198564,0.00012197603,0.00013940562],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.973561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9992013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025640318,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00094393286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00076217146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4773789},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066652894","doi":"","title":"Information guidebook for family members and friends of inmates","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Public Health Agency of Canada; Arizona State University","keywords":"Order (exchange); Interpersonal relationship; Family relationship; Context (archaeology); The Internet","score_opus":0.004323809154546756,"score_gpt":0.15932330527689928,"score_spread":0.15499949612235253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066652894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7206879,0.000015194024,0.050959732,0.00005767135,0.00012633779,0.00044323108,0.00096497,0.00035134368,0.22639357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97358346,0.000022674478,0.011135083,0.000020310192,0.000008714181,3.9974523e-7,0.00014770548,0.000026630772,0.015055029],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988355,0.000033208595,0.00027606418,0.0003031184,0.00017242222,0.0003796772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988823,0.00023366252,0.00028350585,0.00029091505,0.00013407008,0.00017557468],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003147336,0.00027767284,0.00031169335,0.0004064581,0.00031935377,0.00014399934,0.0003182256,0.00008104761,0.000013237305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017759057,0.0003265453,0.00014126093,0.00044914486,0.0004855248,0.0060131033,0.00029616622,0.0001697011,0.000003918117],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012841839,0.00042389496,0.05616425,0.00017263458,0.00089787756,0.00010502873,0.0021117204,0.0014350604,0.003452923,0.89763737,0.0024424053,0.033872664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053338385,0.0009570541,0.0024736684,0.00013756508,0.00023069001,0.000011206932,0.026112987,0.00092318683,0.03497709,0.04667316,0.8806453,0.001524301],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006425931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001059571,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87820286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070268674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001652835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066667632","doi":"","title":"Iowa Drivers Manual: Bosnian Manual, October 10, 2001","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Iowa Publications Online (State Library of Iowa)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bosnian; Refugee; Population; Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.015743307624054494,"score_gpt":0.28174497317058256,"score_spread":0.26600166554652804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066667632","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0025553673,0.00059656444,0.007803938,0.01887913,0.00042699915,0.0013437468,0.006891656,0.0039463383,0.95755625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00079741364,0.00044793796,0.121651396,0.00025990608,0.0006011613,0.00004880751,0.0060132733,0.0007404918,0.8694396],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99684,0.00007290492,0.00081355125,0.0009510367,0.00043227375,0.00089022133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967282,0.00014327478,0.00084654166,0.0018516062,0.000123785,0.00030661287],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006680296,0.0007341514,0.0008355204,0.0010233874,0.0001334431,0.00016677401,0.0014920539,0.0004011347,0.021977644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005050142,0.0007407156,0.00031710672,0.0012930642,0.00065572315,0.00089687837,0.0006140071,0.00074218295,0.0005640723],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009812184,0.00062347855,0.0035834543,0.00004132215,0.0002617386,0.0000059479976,0.00002815458,0.000052889613,0.000038990467,0.013337003,0.9561872,0.025830012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005095884,0.00006637694,0.00074087986,0.00017082445,0.000076982236,0.0000029944235,0.00024419543,0.00015387182,0.0004700054,0.012581684,0.98424333,0.00073928345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002728154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040582054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11384746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043228967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002246818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066675135","doi":"","title":"The individual and contextual determinants of homicide and homicide clearance in Canada 1976-2006","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Homicide; Affect (linguistics); Population; Poison control; Human factors and ergonomics; Injury prevention","score_opus":0.013825848181508832,"score_gpt":0.2229504795734026,"score_spread":0.20912463139189377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066675135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99326634,0.00048855966,1.5601215e-7,0.0000055358555,0.00023957579,0.00036910077,0.0008247684,0.000032533135,0.0047734557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99894947,0.000119346216,0.0004186362,0.00002582402,0.000013096506,0.000023464088,0.000064111046,0.00006540735,0.00032066932],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978112,0.00009681801,0.0006827714,0.00056958024,0.0002921717,0.00054748845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840677,0.00041975282,0.0005259795,0.00042292412,0.00011112254,0.00011343548],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002564676,0.00045508123,0.00066494534,0.00010745125,0.000437854,0.000039496343,0.00043558024,0.00023291941,0.000010013191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001882157,0.00039456086,0.00006876251,0.0001766526,0.00021747725,0.00022984046,0.00019158702,0.000976629,0.0000031088607],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000341356,0.000051254076,0.031115727,0.00006405836,0.000089313085,0.000027137252,0.00001462242,0.0000061877995,0.0017670508,0.07506144,0.000002749181,0.8914591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025848534,0.00026515103,0.5984206,0.0012451623,0.0002600719,0.000018319,0.0047206758,0.000070887574,0.22021039,0.16576838,0.0044979095,0.0019375773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33582443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.76922566,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88952154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017153866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013717337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066721567","doi":"","title":"Interview - An update on Fredericton, New Brunsiwck","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Training (meteorology); Mood; Indian ocean","score_opus":0.008986487053888166,"score_gpt":0.20944817668513904,"score_spread":0.20046168963125088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066721567","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002510147,0.00006124643,0.000042901767,0.0002750776,0.00024596753,0.00026664752,0.000049314764,0.00039436057,0.9986394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00039532164,0.000037306865,0.010774765,0.00029914017,0.0003753953,0.000003962361,0.0001949274,0.00013529763,0.9877839],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987028,0.00004389449,0.000462711,0.00024765942,0.00024222078,0.00030068558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867153,0.000043661985,0.00046695126,0.000605395,0.00008501133,0.00012745148],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000083362036,0.00037044226,0.0004247432,0.0000630282,0.000050687573,0.00005723387,0.00042802605,0.00025657102,0.43795693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033346223,0.0003414544,0.0001329477,0.000009334403,0.00017961174,2.889756e-7,0.00013412976,0.00025749835,0.034671847],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020916419,0.000043484706,0.0000013738186,0.000049871494,0.00005642414,0.0000024505844,0.000019882264,0.00004712404,1.5852717e-7,0.00084860274,0.970817,0.028092694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002836944,0.00023856304,0.0000024226638,0.0003084605,0.00003550523,0.0000039708925,0.000053458334,0.000017472275,0.000042272935,0.00059712725,0.99807197,0.00034506107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028065469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022799392,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40328506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002666159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025433208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990374},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066790287","doi":"","title":"James White Library Painting Unveiling [Postcard announcement]","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Commons - Andrews University (Andrews University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; Diafiltration; TSG101; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Fusible alloy; Hyporeflexia; Pretext","score_opus":0.006436429717182873,"score_gpt":0.17024088878495028,"score_spread":0.16380445906776742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066790287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55902773,0.000021113694,0.0064567686,0.0005962097,0.00012386483,0.00030318354,0.00025817138,0.0005722556,0.43264073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97274446,0.00001654114,0.001393743,0.000048947335,0.00004947692,6.486267e-8,0.00022524585,0.000031728196,0.025489762],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983265,0.000062756415,0.00018852978,0.00059243024,0.0002259737,0.0006038021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988031,0.00017043875,0.0001797588,0.00056725275,0.00008383373,0.00019561026],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055926597,0.00035447904,0.0004278432,0.00048436577,0.0004349437,0.00021863019,0.00077601767,0.00014744503,0.00029678605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012841497,0.0004214977,0.00027892535,0.0010827336,0.0002801114,0.002683927,0.0010261732,0.0005037674,0.00023407595],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003494046,0.0003572434,0.7741206,0.000035749523,0.00035031603,0.00025789216,0.000493887,0.0008226957,0.00033976906,0.1935266,0.004258452,0.025087347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025713863,0.00025615722,0.0019226365,0.00014865077,0.00010723022,0.0000056114186,0.020438066,0.0009815447,0.00085482525,0.0022890652,0.96928704,0.0011377706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004424768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000059205076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9650286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009516747,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008777064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998237},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066867209","doi":"","title":"L’accès des aînés francophones aux foyers de soins en milieu minoritaire, un enjeu linguistique en santé et mieux-être","year":2012,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Public policy; Qualitative research; Government (linguistics); Pandemic","score_opus":0.015869111375879746,"score_gpt":0.26794572050784815,"score_spread":0.2520766091319684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066867209","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.736089,0.0004770688,0.057556543,0.0015138726,0.0020399822,0.0012652085,0.000348055,0.0010246417,0.19968563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86469644,0.0326188,0.10092105,0.0001304102,0.0009756224,0.0000058612777,0.0000528523,0.00011230447,0.00048663703],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99634236,0.00064560474,0.0003604701,0.0007248077,0.00028064835,0.0016461286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99742484,0.0009954607,0.00023324645,0.00075957313,0.00024784874,0.00033901978],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040420966,0.0007369867,0.0006508512,0.0030830805,0.00058759673,0.00009245354,0.0008357975,0.00061272574,0.00010395364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055371044,0.0008557968,0.000403134,0.0044172495,0.00074477296,0.0008949711,0.00078910927,0.0012897443,0.0002018209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054633827,0.0029835047,0.07209958,0.0005274978,0.0013023312,0.00073988404,0.046479363,0.00057891454,0.0005692799,0.21075527,0.00073575875,0.6626823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013319544,0.00027838995,0.0024052325,0.00032378387,0.00037067087,0.000025808416,0.008761855,0.00045180053,0.009371251,0.00065664976,0.97498596,0.0010366342],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.058410097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0078995675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9742502,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00089184113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011186769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066888229","doi":"","title":"Lead Corrosion Investigation and Control in the Drinking Water Distribution System in Several Cities in Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"oURspace (University of Regina)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Diafiltration; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Triacetin; Emperipolesis; Proteogenomics","score_opus":0.005464662963666952,"score_gpt":0.1748538797073383,"score_spread":0.16938921674367133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066888229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96674037,0.000038689057,0.0016775994,0.031230658,0.00006263928,0.0001581821,0.00001701569,0.00000915561,0.000065690045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984052,0.0000071326635,0.00017194405,0.000004852648,0.000007138379,6.1613076e-7,0.0005560512,0.000004817668,0.00084223086],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994364,0.00006602516,0.000023294824,0.00017056598,0.0001405098,0.00016322313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996805,0.000054442342,0.000094628704,0.00011434226,0.000041874962,0.000014217979],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009191082,0.00010838219,0.00022908562,0.0000716129,0.00006156438,0.000014111058,0.000116945375,0.00008020547,4.7719726e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007210148,0.00010257465,0.00002272465,0.0001479065,0.000055293112,0.000105405925,0.000026070808,0.00028049652,3.06905e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046129155,0.000068211215,0.85651654,0.0010747247,0.00007355349,0.0006140361,0.014074752,0.00820042,0.008425086,0.08589942,0.0119839655,0.012608006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002758127,0.000058919944,0.13176727,0.0033875934,0.000089005895,0.0000046852756,0.83334076,0.0152780125,0.0023356266,0.00088019273,0.00942678,0.0006730087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11918942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.82444596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.819266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004029978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015355069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88667595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066975469","doi":"","title":"La colonisation et les représentations médiatiques de l'alimentation au Nunavik","year":2022,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Université de Montréal)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Social mobilization; Decolonization; Patron saint","score_opus":0.007999207270789524,"score_gpt":0.24370732836690492,"score_spread":0.23570812109611539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066975469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9639406,0.0018994574,0.011722866,0.001286067,0.0006389645,0.0005245415,0.00024511627,0.00026822262,0.019474136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9700048,0.00025612675,0.008129742,0.00007600476,0.00012981458,0.000103648024,0.0028719057,0.000048143484,0.018379834],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975672,0.00047554963,0.00043021183,0.00059988187,0.0004791631,0.00044801098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982842,0.00044143875,0.0005689393,0.00034518764,0.00019163103,0.00016857627],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023715496,0.00041407457,0.00033721462,0.00023772284,0.007841917,0.000099995224,0.00031317506,0.00041775857,0.00011738342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008282378,0.0005422332,0.00027536877,0.00033935026,0.00039002765,0.00046357105,0.00020463896,0.0008950467,0.000027576656],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004973733,0.00062230433,0.09346793,0.00011477122,0.00061229273,0.0005128916,0.09109552,0.05881005,0.029441083,0.703192,0.0002814753,0.021352295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025530949,0.00045200178,0.33135027,0.00049977726,0.0014610696,0.00037901753,0.41742957,0.010538421,0.0670904,0.023728093,0.14265168,0.0018666094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12124938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0069950395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6794639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0131947035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0031864604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99970293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066993690","doi":"","title":"La gare de Sacré-Coeur de Rimouski : Un joyau disparu","year":2021,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Érudit (Université de Montréal)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Auscultation; Identification (biology); Noise (video)","score_opus":0.0038968766648639383,"score_gpt":0.17018372866875528,"score_spread":0.16628685200389134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066993690","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7372614,0.05089199,0.10941322,0.08422727,0.00042251952,0.000268868,0.00028121774,0.0005746772,0.016658837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8890506,0.0033200616,0.045301985,0.00026088426,0.00025254846,0.00000428192,0.00006338506,0.00008522703,0.061661035],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997983,0.00018457585,0.00017910807,0.0004968354,0.00017839916,0.0009780757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99854785,0.00030797426,0.0001326777,0.00059861,0.00011273398,0.0003001494],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012560608,0.0003414615,0.00037490902,0.0000686692,0.0005313992,0.000052965508,0.00035821713,0.00035575507,0.00029543447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000090137844,0.00043294174,0.0002666289,0.0004116048,0.00030196703,0.00017731349,0.0006824292,0.0006794502,0.0002515252],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000093216804,0.00044618803,0.011139888,0.00006822353,0.00044302945,0.010007412,0.00062085054,0.004476052,0.005031367,0.4882664,0.029400386,0.45000696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009612943,0.00006306171,0.00401502,0.00017287463,0.00030317652,0.0004432157,0.0027930723,0.0026656173,0.009952108,0.04516759,0.93291587,0.00054709445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018089766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006157608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90351546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0053730686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002118133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7067177540","doi":"","title":"Measurement of the decay KÂ§+ --&gt; [pi]Â§+[nuÂ¢nu]","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Measure (data warehouse); Calibration; Noise (video); Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.0034430549963954497,"score_gpt":0.1406515516560119,"score_spread":0.13720849665961646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7067177540","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00069703994,0.00045135804,0.00016928614,0.0010755555,0.00015887161,0.00021279645,0.00033424425,0.000022259987,0.99687856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7979829,0.00008527369,0.0021368791,0.0001972448,0.00013086128,0.000008201896,0.000006675905,0.0001611787,0.1992908],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976913,0.000035116067,0.0002549181,0.00024149119,0.0015085917,0.0002686006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915993,0.00005757568,0.00026642054,0.0004186223,4.6601318e-7,0.00009696047],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000056986933,0.00025451652,0.00034445926,0.000020051026,0.00007554168,0.000008738479,0.0003844186,0.000043045973,0.00024716914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001229596,0.00019188989,0.00005733975,0.00007521131,0.0001902688,0.000053596727,0.00019476129,0.00019340457,4.8458393e-9],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031225377,0.00019767732,0.021646116,0.0005040655,0.0011446935,0.000031375217,0.000046098165,0.00022706672,0.022605026,0.6270719,0.16564089,0.16057283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036605212,0.000040198727,0.0034788686,0.00080295594,0.00007265699,9.039183e-7,0.0003484792,0.00008674905,0.16525796,0.005461327,0.82363003,0.00045382677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031517763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0121178785,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7975878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005877418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00083098206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78250426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7067215425","doi":"","title":"2020 03 05 Laurent Ciman du FC de Toronto","year":2020,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"State (computer science); Context (archaeology); Class (philosophy); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.004101853967600589,"score_gpt":0.18144272732634253,"score_spread":0.17734087335874194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7067215425","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00014629106,0.00060155103,0.000047694615,0.0036412454,0.00042258183,0.00051377836,0.00020174647,0.00025640795,0.9941687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0052991817,0.00033927496,0.01792862,0.00045358177,0.0006722943,0.000017038625,0.00023670885,0.000114840856,0.97493845],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99783534,0.00007644015,0.000810283,0.0003402506,0.00034965482,0.00058804866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983351,0.00018071054,0.00062674854,0.00046846992,0.00014695016,0.0002420051],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010009159,0.00056800054,0.0006672186,0.00001936368,0.00012605637,0.00009189482,0.00053213775,0.00046598993,0.51885676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017722274,0.0005884293,0.00030620216,0.000009929261,0.00031588023,5.920317e-7,0.00030553577,0.0005221862,0.033353828],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009971973,0.00009878423,0.000021856627,0.0002542762,0.00015654742,0.000035154444,0.0002682639,0.0013565827,0.0000035922058,0.0034316077,0.9733108,0.020962799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005543588,0.00034824695,0.000027003422,0.0002735422,0.00012174684,0.000032334407,0.0004959583,0.00037163863,0.00006617991,0.00027456772,0.99687916,0.0005552911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051134634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024100083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48550293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030988504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006996794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965674},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7067216700","doi":"","title":"Machine Learning for Disease Outbreak Detection Using Probabilistic Models","year":2014,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Probabilistic logic; Context (archaeology); Perspective (graphical)","score_opus":0.013919227226861482,"score_gpt":0.23473090747487219,"score_spread":0.2208116802480107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7067216700","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0036725046,0.001897532,0.98644894,0.0011862359,0.0003430357,0.0030002075,0.00025569595,0.0015204139,0.0016754393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.69355965,0.00008553886,0.2687491,0.00022301312,0.00091471313,0.0009799219,0.000220372,0.0008559832,0.03441172],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959742,0.00021928902,0.0008072053,0.0011965808,0.00034911052,0.0014536531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99681646,0.0004100474,0.00079604646,0.0012008455,0.00022911973,0.0005475033],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039771077,0.0010786782,0.0010493917,0.00050603517,0.0006385657,0.0002731427,0.00061898015,0.0007866763,0.0001415676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054941553,0.00114123,0.00058561965,0.00042540414,0.00040186467,0.0002842266,0.00044271242,0.0013252633,0.000060396025],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002503286,0.00034812096,0.0029331427,0.00034552952,0.00021146916,0.0000127529365,0.000046168607,0.64316314,0.0024453762,0.19552062,0.00008849726,0.15463483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058382406,0.00019093227,0.00021464199,0.00042748768,0.00038802793,0.000009585295,0.00002912622,0.8343646,0.0009499763,0.12948968,0.03237271,0.0009794106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051055746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012963659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7176998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012826273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031486584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991038},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7067239394","doi":"","title":"Le potentiel des outils Internet pour inciter les jeunes adultes Ã  voter et Ã  sâintÃ©resser Ã  la politique","year":2013,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Population; The Internet; Context (archaeology); Order (exchange)","score_opus":0.003930804800216235,"score_gpt":0.16250872999176538,"score_spread":0.15857792519154915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7067239394","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06366389,0.00074531575,0.008037606,0.01731591,0.00023960386,0.00039295448,0.00064275035,0.00005330245,0.90890867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.68559945,0.00015138248,0.010917764,0.0005495639,0.00010925829,0.000014137098,0.000023100683,0.000114267954,0.30252108],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976656,0.00015158138,0.00041442,0.000469837,0.00070326246,0.0005953366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986384,0.00046165127,0.0002896261,0.0003411552,0.0000024739595,0.0002667263],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000010660575,0.0005275344,0.00054724695,0.000046807076,0.00013810885,0.00010021447,0.0004234412,0.00014061874,0.0005169633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009610582,0.0004921436,0.00008793989,0.000059177717,0.0006078797,0.00040806975,0.00053627294,0.0004852827,1.12368106e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007366953,0.00007838396,0.028390955,0.00020871694,0.0002692984,0.000046217552,0.000102203754,0.000046083227,0.0030560794,0.9067507,0.003428554,0.05754918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009886208,0.00015178089,0.039023004,0.002675546,0.000121336816,0.000015414244,0.011785971,0.002059599,0.12816612,0.12896192,0.6844463,0.0016044306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.045999892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.042924754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77778876,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014689301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001286885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7067284009","doi":"","title":"LXCat 3:A novel data platform for low temperature plasma physics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TU/e Research Portal","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Plasma; Noise (video); Data acquisition; Tracking (education)","score_opus":0.16961594933784982,"score_gpt":0.41669314611340713,"score_spread":0.2470771967755573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7067284009","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9770116,0.000024372033,0.007353747,0.0014832459,0.00031159614,0.0013756258,0.0023605698,0.0009590741,0.009120169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98735017,0.0000064564983,0.008132549,0.000010096195,0.0006525635,0.00006208924,0.0019002797,0.000052300045,0.0018335087],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99790114,0.000008120444,0.00019621055,0.00052398146,0.0004995239,0.0008710379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998185,0.00040173592,0.000043845543,0.0010650192,0.00018725057,0.00011718661],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045756288,0.0001696227,0.0002127078,0.000098413984,0.00032706463,0.0001104194,0.00083136075,0.000098933655,0.00005974737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018333357,0.00014685464,0.00006848788,0.0007201841,0.0002783582,0.00036105022,0.0009427006,0.00065806165,0.00022881468],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018581824,0.0006817732,0.0022917134,0.00015221727,0.00035635615,0.00006874432,0.00023836162,0.0009173344,0.0839832,0.53744704,0.23250578,0.14117166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0062708915,0.0008361117,0.0023675621,0.00046123334,0.000078529876,0.000017207107,0.00971506,0.17914005,0.28272307,0.37952247,0.13653636,0.0023314701],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000034520504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008885484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19873987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002096376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012532475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59885585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7082638452","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113958","title":"A “Zero Noise” photon counting algorithm for enhancing ICMOS detection sensitivity under extremely low-light conditions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics & Laser Technology","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society","keywords":"Photon counting; Noise (video); Sensitivity (control systems); Detector; Interference (communication); Statistical noise; Centroid; Background noise; Shot noise","score_opus":0.006355177573658089,"score_gpt":0.25520706959880435,"score_spread":0.24885189202514627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7082638452","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16651365,0.00002093489,0.8296982,0.0011420427,0.0003077616,0.00046973888,0.000055214437,0.00077670324,0.001015782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86953866,0.0000025734741,0.12978017,0.000112468435,0.00005361614,0.00011699322,0.000030869032,0.00003293003,0.00033171475],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983937,0.000021619311,0.00035930227,0.00053252646,0.00011181794,0.00058103836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987482,0.0002659455,0.00015959723,0.0005201593,0.00026727066,0.000038817063],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015914634,0.0002873943,0.00037107363,0.00035633586,0.00044074253,0.0000565667,0.00017691596,0.00034032468,0.000013134124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012713419,0.00030907543,0.00012139881,0.00073111005,0.00028425932,0.0001414477,0.00020317596,0.00048016888,0.00002191834],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002159703,0.000277572,0.0003166044,0.00003893866,0.00022361451,0.000011477127,0.000018349032,0.0007896003,0.5917708,0.23310137,0.00014322114,0.17328686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005088104,0.00005123378,0.00004701061,0.00008490602,0.00008037957,0.000004115524,0.00036291603,0.039083805,0.7185617,0.23973802,0.001215495,0.00026162757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000029029254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009701702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70302504,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013833385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000062071325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084083403","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.28521281.v2","title":"Additional file 1 of Skeletal versus conventional anchorage in dentofacial orthopedics: an international modified Delphi consensus study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Delphi method; Delphi; Dentofacial Deformity; Data collection; Key (lock)","score_opus":0.03151886300325431,"score_gpt":0.3137400491414362,"score_spread":0.2822211861381819,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084083403","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008423456,0.000002174581,0.000021616825,0.00002145124,0.000079688056,0.00019551834,0.98147976,0.00004767045,0.009728635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4228946,2.6601763e-8,0.0010095376,0.00000702555,0.000065234526,0.00020409176,0.5756071,0.000005487281,0.00020686013],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919784,0.00002447021,0.00023241028,0.00022241948,0.00018017838,0.00014270547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989144,0.00065619027,0.00009662933,0.00015519052,0.00014912835,0.000028446551],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000016786553,0.000107778,0.00013784706,0.00011289189,0.000043576154,0.000020242906,0.00020698937,0.000048608308,0.91808456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000903688,0.00011700052,0.000061885425,0.00018209137,0.00003164768,0.00009734711,0.00014990011,0.0001719241,0.00014005476],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010653093,0.0005603537,0.00041573125,0.000007586608,0.0000964996,0.000014991338,0.000022421824,0.0003404907,0.000004573447,0.0032345364,0.9819263,0.01326995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011708717,0.00078392075,0.18889725,0.0029254872,0.0000574783,0.000002573348,0.0037972012,0.023865854,0.00023566502,0.012613459,0.75390404,0.0012083284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008593204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025472596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9179445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036948575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109236826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4771143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096012953","doi":"","title":"Eye-Safe Digital 3-D Sensing for Space Applications","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scanner; Field of view; Laser scanning; Spurious relationship; Field (mathematics); Space (punctuation); Mode (computer interface)","score_opus":0.00891992202656236,"score_gpt":0.28066308286848357,"score_spread":0.2717431608419212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096012953","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008300285,0.0000036742742,0.92290515,0.0004769533,0.000019891302,0.0002193386,0.000008549279,0.00019334296,0.0678728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.73325366,6.72345e-8,0.2652092,0.000017270937,0.00009390165,0.000002825844,0.00001095362,0.000008711283,0.0014034391],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950695,7.005008e-7,0.000097440185,0.00013961598,0.0000439021,0.00021139388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995845,0.00013284464,0.000028748082,0.00017389064,0.000045010198,0.000035015815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000036378755,0.00007165799,0.00007337601,0.000024119945,0.000085422165,0.000037512622,0.000057106234,0.000025534311,0.000011838482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014186008,0.00006361655,0.000044712047,0.000095050535,0.000059633636,0.000083548664,0.000039249848,0.000056409324,0.000043225038],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004818481,0.000024043187,0.0010038303,0.0000014770187,0.000010794117,1.9809549e-7,0.000006673965,0.000029531135,0.001481557,0.5898678,0.00022716096,0.40734217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040992003,0.000040299812,0.0005113137,0.000009215142,0.000016459086,8.295416e-7,0.00096025725,0.0018650553,0.0782725,0.61960745,0.29793438,0.00037232376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004682795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011938012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72495335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013486404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000659721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25942075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7099814577","doi":"","title":"Nonprofit Organizations; *Printed Materials","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Reliability (semiconductor); Scale (ratio); Exploratory research; Appeal; Focus group; Data collection; Focus (optics)","score_opus":0.005794292420543423,"score_gpt":0.22866857941861699,"score_spread":0.22287428699807357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7099814577","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4223962,7.979104e-7,0.56191534,0.0017163608,0.000079555015,0.00007150609,0.00000963335,0.00037345843,0.013437109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97480315,3.2701072e-7,0.022126835,0.000021127331,0.000044537825,0.0000023997823,0.0000024329022,0.000008988652,0.0029902281],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966353,0.000004812922,0.00008267146,0.000101738915,0.00003529594,0.00011196047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970603,0.000032927444,0.000021030544,0.0001624895,0.000059972004,0.000017572715],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000017125036,0.00005415004,0.00006391152,0.000015138063,0.000031836953,0.000012786811,0.00007591916,0.000018138544,0.0040194606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003765292,0.000030314572,0.000008527908,0.00010255289,0.00004595708,0.00006065882,0.00006869515,0.000016093029,0.00073864707],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015602465,0.000012194434,0.004570902,3.820558e-7,0.000008114864,2.2540065e-7,0.0000028415357,5.399033e-7,0.4170522,0.5584693,0.00035511877,0.0195266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012187848,0.000006726538,0.00093505165,0.0000069513458,0.000002458816,1.8989877e-7,0.000022629538,0.0000024605351,0.9346117,0.062448297,0.0017701171,0.00007157053],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000011566239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.1632865e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5524069,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008835083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006559566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996891},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116663092","doi":"10.1109/ipc65510.2025.11282209","title":"Verilog-A Based Random Telegraph Signal Noise Modeling of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Waveform; Noise (video); SIGNAL (programming language); Transient (computer programming); Random noise; Signal processing; Cadence; Bruit; Diode","score_opus":0.015662797738742244,"score_gpt":0.24339347349754648,"score_spread":0.22773067575880424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116663092","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20123899,0.0003772155,0.78302586,0.0004187121,0.00021689116,0.00048962387,0.000034859506,0.00020663552,0.0139912125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92993313,0.000016738104,0.06956052,0.000083242674,0.000054599834,0.00001660712,0.000019463936,0.00003219695,0.00028349584],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973315,0.00008880116,0.00091091107,0.00069078174,0.00029157902,0.0006864039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980073,0.0006186888,0.00023001833,0.000765779,0.00028510788,0.00009311687],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022046259,0.00052422006,0.0009624886,0.00030346855,0.00021330168,0.000084862266,0.0004608363,0.00026918162,0.00027426716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010626465,0.00047369426,0.00050254294,0.0008053656,0.0005370605,0.00017702437,0.00024764994,0.00049963867,0.00001608516],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003264041,0.0027660073,0.008777959,0.00041722532,0.0010226814,0.0000112337275,0.00012206581,0.36436754,0.36813504,0.13713008,0.00032828492,0.11365785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033440595,0.00016754617,0.000024808498,0.00043138547,0.00019696975,1.5467364e-7,0.0003148897,0.66622394,0.28261966,0.045960426,0.0003232207,0.0003929534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012499603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000048886627,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72869414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008322177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001900963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116786355","doi":"10.1109/ipc65510.2025.11282037","title":"Enhanced Receiver Operating Characteristics in Entanglement-Assisted LiDAR","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Dispersion (optics); Receiver operating characteristic; Fourier transform; Frequency domain; Fourier analysis","score_opus":0.010838768923419131,"score_gpt":0.277195766740341,"score_spread":0.2663569978169219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116786355","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75540274,0.00009868189,0.17358555,0.0022489259,0.0008621061,0.00078724994,0.000041015326,0.00023637436,0.06673737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682941,0.000040315423,0.026408203,0.00022055503,0.000075673124,0.000025789315,0.000036062112,0.000022561358,0.0048767766],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975745,0.00006955913,0.0008792491,0.00063842925,0.00015634904,0.00068190316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988891,0.00020356235,0.0001749311,0.0005407669,0.00013016678,0.0000615106],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014310623,0.00038767408,0.00058063434,0.00019110325,0.00020731134,0.00018107648,0.00034178665,0.00018111109,0.0006409915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016398735,0.0003908484,0.00011166714,0.00079502055,0.00018998345,0.00020322464,0.000459937,0.0006022717,0.00011689137],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051956024,0.000626359,0.01721519,0.00005389845,0.00015713532,0.000014235408,0.00020359311,0.00003859501,0.092512295,0.15084122,0.00016470051,0.7381208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005874145,0.00042209768,0.11869577,0.0031074192,0.0002529573,0.0000010930464,0.008470819,0.013627344,0.80309904,0.025479447,0.018591821,0.0023780223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006865914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002614007,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7357428,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000272107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013383229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116787929","doi":"10.1109/ipc65510.2025.11282411","title":"A Comprehensive Photon Detection Probability Model for CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"CMOS; Diode; Process (computing); Single-photon avalanche diode; Probability model; Avalanche diode; Photon","score_opus":0.039309561719786175,"score_gpt":0.282182707807812,"score_spread":0.24287314608802585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116787929","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29030144,0.00010976464,0.70315737,0.00039513892,0.00029571747,0.0023616483,0.00006268102,0.0003974487,0.002918779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88013184,0.000010916098,0.11797989,0.00012502896,0.0000589519,0.00027238575,0.000021510767,0.00003752457,0.0013619534],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970764,0.000058503134,0.0007236009,0.0011119881,0.00019518487,0.0008343461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976212,0.0005598773,0.00023031434,0.0009265646,0.0005652661,0.00009678735],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012772091,0.00059347536,0.000738925,0.00013410252,0.00049304916,0.00016627372,0.00034345518,0.00036319467,0.000027575104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016018724,0.0005650959,0.00042335523,0.00048255542,0.00054862123,0.0002588884,0.00035332842,0.00052371284,0.00001768077],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001388366,0.0025696298,0.000685552,0.0009711618,0.0009172758,0.0000012828847,0.00032871048,0.036510542,0.3059105,0.21265782,0.00028164822,0.43777752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006415551,0.00015906194,0.000030220446,0.00008646245,0.00011074372,2.416448e-7,0.00023385495,0.42098638,0.2702562,0.30594528,0.0012680202,0.00028198757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006361974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030682266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5898304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041453546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014481478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99968004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117668803","doi":"10.1109/tqe.2025.3649709","title":"A Sparse-Event Simulation Engine to Model Coincidence-Based Ranging Architectures in Quantum Lidar","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Department of National Defence; Defence Research and Development Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; Noise (video); Range (aeronautics); Computation; Function (biology); Photon; Fidelity; Radar","score_opus":0.013100974746606497,"score_gpt":0.26779830558864076,"score_spread":0.2546973308420343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117668803","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32547987,0.000011587363,0.67361355,0.00023217824,0.00015621325,0.0002173626,0.000011816441,0.00025559613,0.000021852531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97904193,6.8236193e-7,0.020762924,0.000048610415,0.000018906914,0.0000611988,0.0000018629453,0.000030521976,0.000033336342],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883896,0.000013135552,0.0002994801,0.0003152533,0.0001509353,0.00038226278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929464,0.0002782574,0.000030308529,0.00029932012,0.000033734035,0.000063744956],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093677954,0.00024513138,0.00025108826,0.00060469453,0.0000846138,0.000029718594,0.00015230663,0.00006880986,0.000011000768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020444504,0.0002614894,0.00011146577,0.0006635811,0.00002192994,0.000061227154,0.0000031925897,0.00042010058,0.0000096113345],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042055086,0.00007882969,0.000020572617,0.000020248594,0.000019854777,0.0000033980953,0.00006228905,0.979241,0.005125887,0.0037069859,0.000001668566,0.011677204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003952177,0.000039048897,0.00008487368,0.0002591725,0.000015783695,2.6053536e-7,0.000031123916,0.95657444,0.039836876,0.002472034,0.00005978505,0.00023138704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000042136566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008855305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65356207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013034622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004522097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7120740375","doi":"","title":"LiDAR sensor performance analysis in measurement of levels","year":2020,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Field (mathematics); Mode (computer interface)","score_opus":0.04047918640945071,"score_gpt":0.252972839667893,"score_spread":0.21249365325844233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7120740375","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8291286,0.0011295887,0.083593115,0.052554857,0.00074077316,0.0016190482,0.00044825277,0.0006640428,0.030121729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924793,0.000049755432,0.0068953326,0.00008280258,0.00027578874,0.000045959387,0.000059408667,0.00005288535,0.00005873066],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953508,0.0003086079,0.0012673959,0.000989898,0.0011860367,0.0008972705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99722624,0.00021295605,0.0006852578,0.00072498515,0.00070635433,0.00044418074],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058130256,0.00061533635,0.0011255173,0.00060841994,0.0002956857,0.000115835996,0.0007427251,0.0004695714,0.00006023596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060381304,0.00062744645,0.00048929884,0.0028340074,0.000056138197,0.0003834149,0.00042086293,0.001022474,0.00002120905],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009834016,0.0023333784,0.054923363,0.00066596165,0.0037008747,0.00020508842,0.0055938433,0.013722166,0.03531269,0.8603694,0.0002909228,0.02189895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0058229477,0.0009445375,0.18559659,0.00154107,0.0029728655,0.00009981499,0.0045303744,0.06297113,0.072354324,0.0010080427,0.65859246,0.0035658267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000016071541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046201447,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8593613,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006538141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004998462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7125190360","doi":"10.1109/sensors59705.2025.11330595","title":"Laser Rangefinder and Steering Mirror Optimization by Radar and Geometric Modeling","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Geometric modeling; Radar tracker; Radar systems; Laser; Trajectory; Solid modeling","score_opus":0.008498773537468486,"score_gpt":0.2342642938929208,"score_spread":0.22576552035545233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7125190360","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13080162,0.0017766368,0.86487603,0.00078156136,0.00007678464,0.00022779535,0.000011631926,0.000102730264,0.001345205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7841311,0.00030903646,0.21446797,0.000060682796,0.000009615693,0.000004535625,0.0000097298,0.000017472608,0.000989833],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987811,0.00001713991,0.00028895083,0.0004665951,0.00010270911,0.0003435301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946326,0.0001289023,0.00005437221,0.00021779136,0.00006837296,0.00006730593],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008233848,0.00025475756,0.0003009513,0.00023684803,0.00022528715,0.0001627268,0.000086117754,0.00014260618,0.000041064613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042893356,0.00024933743,0.000036127047,0.00066322164,0.00012948715,0.00024374941,0.0003000567,0.00024553735,0.000002339326],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007582741,0.00024265285,0.0027196421,0.00014778858,0.00039628847,0.0000025742024,0.00008762403,0.3512129,0.0013101111,0.026366925,0.00043554974,0.6170021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008915073,0.00003225236,0.00003280743,0.00007759823,0.00007884355,4.0063912e-7,0.0003308236,0.99049246,0.0027691654,0.0045763347,0.0004424656,0.00027532896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009167447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018032229,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6533295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036245106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020509331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999959},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7126023125","doi":"10.1364/fio.2025.jtu4a.5","title":"A High-Speed Single-Pixel Optical Imaging Technique Using Orthogonal Modulators Without Mechanical Scanning","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Modulation (music); Phase modulation; Translation (biology); Optical imaging; Optical fiber; Image processing","score_opus":0.015428611811468053,"score_gpt":0.27757396464723755,"score_spread":0.2621453528357695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7126023125","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28440255,0.00008905506,0.7094729,0.0013213123,0.0005551799,0.00081899913,0.00001469831,0.00070831657,0.00261699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.62604064,0.0000015740932,0.37333542,0.000110624365,0.00017405457,0.000014332088,0.000010284585,0.000076834054,0.00023622777],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99463606,0.00012278093,0.0013501769,0.0016195995,0.0005764351,0.0016949537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974333,0.0003452091,0.00033821684,0.001187661,0.0003776745,0.00031790565],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044286958,0.0010294152,0.001274588,0.00051631575,0.00072738284,0.00044519524,0.0007693691,0.0004920884,0.00017155558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002809613,0.001029468,0.00047634708,0.0014230439,0.0010206449,0.00055166613,0.0015926694,0.0016461858,0.000036267975],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000102545455,0.0004518794,0.0029804492,0.000033914097,0.00022720186,0.000027573496,0.00001448432,0.0032102326,0.38987285,0.5591279,0.000030521845,0.043920383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014969296,0.00014743966,0.0002038177,0.0012895991,0.00048711387,0.000038891216,0.0006715075,0.3189138,0.4783184,0.1962461,0.00063616113,0.0015502647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000117079275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003816476,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36288184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063497754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004061056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99921554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7133967092","doi":"10.1364/fio.2025.jtu4a.37","title":"Compressed spectral-depth estimation via a dual-dispersive CASSI architecture","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Snapshot (computer storage); Image processing; Pattern recognition (psychology); Hyperspectral imaging; Compressed sensing; Iterative reconstruction","score_opus":0.007332894807235671,"score_gpt":0.26378692234221873,"score_spread":0.2564540275349831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7133967092","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.022665404,0.00013853982,0.92011124,0.007036732,0.00036580177,0.00068604,0.000028243212,0.00040126315,0.04856673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8634502,0.0000066975167,0.13300717,0.0001618402,0.00009515675,0.000013966704,0.000044216056,0.000026228721,0.0031945116],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977846,0.000060014438,0.00049587816,0.0007271046,0.00022620986,0.00070616376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850786,0.00033323947,0.00017702354,0.0007341062,0.00013860808,0.000109162],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005749367,0.000511227,0.00054641126,0.00019691621,0.00036210608,0.00016979554,0.00030732565,0.00023115642,0.0002909315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000081072845,0.0004612751,0.00024000151,0.00068155344,0.0005019896,0.00017208417,0.00033491332,0.00081750535,0.00017376328],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014960885,0.0005441247,0.00078778504,0.000086696484,0.00055110414,0.0000310295,0.0003909818,0.07647965,0.014688798,0.37616715,0.002317497,0.52780557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001973428,0.00023475898,0.0027472274,0.00041493814,0.000338124,0.0000075480316,0.0012250695,0.36907083,0.11012299,0.5071695,0.0056790262,0.0010166059],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015001501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003814165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8407848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015958089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000104484934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997839},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7136818672","doi":"10.1109/mapcon65020.2025.11426682","title":"Quantum-Enhanced Radar Systems for Indoor Occupancy Detection Using Digital Twin Simulations","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Radar tracker; Man-portable radar; Occupancy; Radar systems; 3D radar","score_opus":0.021877655873973813,"score_gpt":0.3011677869832894,"score_spread":0.27929013110931555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7136818672","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31315234,0.0001791208,0.6835852,0.00007269576,0.0008841995,0.0011038273,0.00020047017,0.00024630968,0.0005757968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887726,0.0000042284382,0.0102360975,0.000014800389,0.00020100137,0.000028027298,0.000043285163,0.000039028455,0.0006609446],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977862,0.00002762743,0.00074221485,0.0006446343,0.00016087212,0.0006384403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99817157,0.0006407337,0.0002564461,0.00054330355,0.00031465772,0.00007326776],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000067446104,0.0004127236,0.0005395867,0.00023139478,0.0006277791,0.0005061543,0.00022667072,0.0002453937,0.000013333711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023952137,0.00041441154,0.0002458326,0.0007614352,0.00019551167,0.0006458985,0.00018498718,0.0003112554,0.00001600104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00058178813,0.00088042533,0.0033244872,0.0004485999,0.0010581259,0.000001844227,0.0001350947,0.15931134,0.08433228,0.4783792,0.000110530986,0.27143627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014997582,0.00016749141,0.00011404762,0.00038093704,0.00019213051,6.0256195e-7,0.0013581733,0.8705057,0.06648237,0.05536381,0.0033434625,0.000591493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009196985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058615447,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7111944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026471794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015209873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998308},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7137002124","doi":"10.1109/mapcon65020.2025.11426535","title":"Democratizing High-Fidelity 3D AR Mapping on Smartphones Using a Hybrid ToF–LiDAR System","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Field (mathematics); Focus (optics); Visualization; Data collection; Set (abstract data type)","score_opus":0.018039960684017878,"score_gpt":0.25796768833095585,"score_spread":0.23992772764693798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7137002124","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44542682,0.00017529048,0.5422371,0.0007520216,0.0011635784,0.0005585705,0.000041194668,0.0006273116,0.009018083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85616493,0.0000071505556,0.14270003,0.00017163427,0.00025768823,0.000012811946,0.000013170344,0.00004683441,0.0006257402],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99592924,0.00015716086,0.0011915975,0.0012232463,0.00036284,0.0011359189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974132,0.0005244092,0.00038942185,0.0012745176,0.00025870782,0.00013971979],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034408347,0.00076580263,0.0010753705,0.00033991545,0.001027131,0.00036313967,0.0005013408,0.00021791116,0.000050237733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013752587,0.0007432645,0.00030089813,0.0008715157,0.00032932026,0.00031414244,0.0007216034,0.00086087914,0.00013598359],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016938412,0.0005081081,0.0051302915,0.0007741794,0.00090209837,0.00011352796,0.00011053203,0.009860086,0.028104732,0.78210646,0.00067721464,0.17154337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033860756,0.00035588015,0.0018229099,0.0120493695,0.00074357755,0.000024400355,0.012361464,0.5641923,0.27900863,0.11511471,0.007548176,0.0033925483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000494189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000056174144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6669918,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007414652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023023682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995018},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}