{"meta":{"query_hash":"409836abde86","filters":{"topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications"},"cohort_total":929,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":929,"exported":929,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/409836abde86","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Geothermal+Energy+Systems+and+Applications"},"results":[{"id":"W1011036570","doi":"","title":"Heat recovery solutions for mine ventilation systems","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet (Diva) (Karlstad University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ventilation (architecture); Environmental science; Heat recovery ventilation; Waste management; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.04633274462929177,"score_gpt":0.2129346805903368,"score_spread":0.16660193596104503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1011036570","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70230967,0.0005351445,0.026826218,0.0006849637,0.002460297,0.0016128297,0.00074608997,0.00084454357,0.26398027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96194535,0.000020184509,0.00022863204,0.000060828697,0.0003660061,0.00003245216,0.00047440716,0.00006188578,0.03681023],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998028,0.000068859554,0.00037300648,0.0005640014,0.00030678703,0.0006593585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981877,0.00013446048,0.00012938913,0.00059319945,0.00057895103,0.00037629146],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002385891,0.00031891372,0.0003981594,0.0003965815,0.0003793548,0.00018092086,0.00038518675,0.00020619234,0.000015904554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010104623,0.00035662125,0.0002735402,0.00065649586,0.00010592057,0.00079966587,0.00015117707,0.00011512487,0.00017158128],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007785627,0.00062380923,0.0010950798,0.0001702059,0.0006043507,0.00010976499,0.00065296126,0.38751915,0.0054441304,0.56589395,0.032873053,0.0042349435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001716225,0.00023850075,0.0007225196,0.0000895861,0.000121996156,0.00003139379,0.0023586866,0.00992591,0.0002494405,0.0008651694,0.9831039,0.0005767232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020825954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025429824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9502308,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036879772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016269521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1151950731","doi":"","title":"Étude d'une communauté solaire avec stockage thermique saisonnier par puits géothermiques","year":2013,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.009636042137786481,"score_gpt":0.21765772930546948,"score_spread":0.208021687167683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1151950731","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6517253,0.025365079,0.18555744,0.0970705,0.001072979,0.005526937,0.00036592208,0.0035867856,0.029729055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92444396,0.0012506848,0.014872491,0.0064687137,0.00092625263,0.00629214,0.0001249815,0.00051889825,0.04510186],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99329984,0.0009563009,0.0016233759,0.0011757644,0.0006501682,0.0022945753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99415565,0.00039655494,0.0008346199,0.0031416714,0.00044266885,0.0010288635],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009261587,0.0013254227,0.0012785865,0.0004638666,0.0009885587,0.0007339265,0.0018744258,0.001520563,0.0029981018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015967559,0.0013543837,0.0006977557,0.0012132685,0.00060811074,0.0010800739,0.0005848385,0.0014749811,0.0014347503],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000110841494,0.0030975186,0.022117123,0.00051298906,0.0010553658,0.00020972634,0.008516911,0.062818654,0.060882017,0.48653352,0.043768916,0.3103764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024582597,0.0006811069,0.36182806,0.0017290504,0.00035562261,0.0007367338,0.0016090819,0.27007914,0.03384772,0.027508594,0.2949639,0.004202714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6176165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14625776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47135872,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009127446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037402395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1164891993","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2015.07.116","title":"Utilization of oil wells for electricity generation: Performance and economics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Qatar National Research Fund; Qatar Foundation","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Electricity generation; Renewable energy; Cost of electricity by source; Electricity; Payback period; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Fossil fuel; Borehole; Environmental engineering; Natural resource economics; Waste management; Engineering; Geology; Production (economics); Economics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.042301647836575716,"score_gpt":0.23320103028689182,"score_spread":0.1908993824503161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1164891993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9487761,0.0004311054,0.010892907,0.00017825866,0.00018834953,0.000043159187,0.000009282698,0.00004172725,0.039439075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909748,0.00023871288,0.0006361981,0.00010487725,0.0002603003,0.000064753825,0.000048291407,0.000014978487,0.0076571163],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995055,0.000015209059,0.00019113916,0.00013908675,0.00004329623,0.000105759565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995982,0.000016895909,0.000092541784,0.00014288824,0.00009180739,0.0000576739],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000973446,0.00007536174,0.000117924574,0.000040040137,0.000050879535,0.000012345275,0.00006133064,0.00005735619,0.000012237748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010658344,0.00007323523,0.00002398484,0.000082103514,0.000021499865,0.00007852278,0.000012984702,0.000015860114,0.0000024169042],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016430331,0.00003381846,0.00017419053,0.000017511831,0.000019083276,4.3224688e-8,0.00009001262,0.29616487,0.0015669819,0.60414314,0.0008593308,0.09691461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004226019,0.00006442066,0.00013644616,0.000004146803,0.000008797376,0.0000029202492,0.000023326122,0.38760552,0.043672457,0.00093204796,0.5670189,0.000108371896],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015459055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003396477,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60321105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022934868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004155171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2986446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W122854823","doi":"","title":"Ground-Source Heat Pumps: Energy Efficiency for Two Canadian Schools","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ASHRAE journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Efficient energy use; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.008328870038188862,"score_gpt":0.22441849424877,"score_spread":0.21608962421058114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W122854823","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67373776,0.0023737054,0.12139384,0.007516226,0.0018474264,0.00046917447,0.000062797466,0.00028585838,0.19231321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98252255,0.000011054032,0.00055054604,0.00063332455,0.0019734867,0.00007120692,0.00002499985,0.000053210202,0.014159628],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984074,0.000053446634,0.00044123977,0.00023190919,0.00023178715,0.00063417666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990091,0.000048669648,0.000113220136,0.00027591275,0.00016501074,0.0003881057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002778933,0.00019478617,0.0002138106,0.000199738,0.00070650986,0.00024049143,0.00032841525,0.00010169624,0.0002640563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021931986,0.0001737117,0.00018509888,0.00024325566,0.00003213354,0.00015848585,0.000016066359,0.00020400026,0.00009294374],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022561837,0.00014637811,0.0010482874,0.000011072786,0.00007827765,0.000023718314,0.00009438468,0.5761153,0.006147455,0.37352344,0.018492125,0.024297005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087561324,0.000054183092,0.002109957,0.000037163456,0.00002497312,0.0003390376,0.00014439515,0.007685586,0.0009760502,0.0049649845,0.9824967,0.00029136418],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8332239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5099142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9640046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002502494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002812676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7083757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W124031201","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-07896-0_15","title":"Combined Effect of Global Warming and Buildings Envelope on the Performance of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Building envelope; Envelope (radar); Environmental science; Global-warming potential; Global warming; Meteorology; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Heat exchanger; Thermal","score_opus":0.0081045493277469,"score_gpt":0.19838084273245793,"score_spread":0.19027629340471103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W124031201","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.52729136,0.00018126107,0.00015261002,0.00007441327,0.00013065027,0.0004253638,0.000012575856,0.0000481533,0.47168362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8564822,0.000036656915,0.000008553414,0.000038548606,0.000090533475,0.000039651717,0.000008851774,0.00003918307,0.14325581],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871457,0.000049734248,0.0004892279,0.0002895522,0.0002779544,0.00017896504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987771,0.0002868328,0.00029036897,0.0005018983,0.00008525752,0.000058574366],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038717076,0.00033436075,0.00064919645,0.000038700997,0.00010723745,0.000026165015,0.00026767133,0.00023861931,0.00007347503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012621102,0.00020345091,0.00010544302,0.00004804184,0.00014788118,0.00002484469,0.00008319319,0.00013949066,0.000029335495],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004957397,0.0000072702155,0.00025756558,0.00050316396,0.00012983836,2.6253807e-7,0.000030032514,0.010105967,0.00045851807,0.98639435,0.00010781776,0.001955653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026671442,0.002913898,0.0015639958,0.004822236,0.00047184387,0.00008047289,0.000088376524,0.039951406,0.008294877,0.00082140067,0.9367379,0.0015864437],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009812458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000060161645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98557293,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050107672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018308952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W12935880","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-5290-3_12","title":"A UNIQUE BOREHOLE THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEM AT UNIVERSITY OF ONTARIO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Component (thermodynamics); Thermal energy storage; Thermal energy; Point (geometry); Heat pump; Thermal; Energy conservation; Engineering; Petroleum engineering; Civil engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Electrical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.014705161799775253,"score_gpt":0.18689628640079586,"score_spread":0.17219112460102062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W12935880","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03237909,0.00008943719,0.00052590924,0.000025536901,0.000093041665,0.00019520457,0.00003305938,0.00012976464,0.96652895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.29934463,0.0000053765634,0.00058867125,0.000006493805,0.000024614457,0.0000012866711,0.000034475124,0.0000292625,0.6999652],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990231,0.000006748182,0.0003585292,0.00028006601,0.00016514295,0.00016643218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874926,0.0000094782545,0.00043057342,0.00060524355,0.00014778296,0.000057677476],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009837129,0.00023487357,0.0005115421,0.00026227123,0.00007242424,0.0000020678522,0.0003529017,0.00067582674,0.0010398257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010301158,0.00023285049,0.00017149147,0.00006471036,0.00025008307,0.00003856727,0.00016784947,0.00021754258,0.00007794412],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023380013,0.000020087862,0.000050751813,0.00009801419,0.00013423356,0.000029521863,0.0001467617,0.0034436234,0.00085871754,0.9943142,0.000075129596,0.00080558745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027122867,0.000047117697,0.0001585983,0.00022390307,0.00006000835,0.000018194576,0.00008219123,0.000044574444,0.0009802801,0.00027206633,0.9976231,0.00021874027],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2930731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.48459217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.997548,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070657843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002953128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W134728952","doi":"","title":"A Study on An Integrated GEO/TES with Geothermal Heat Exchanger and Thermal Ice Storage","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic and Environmental Geology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Renewable heat; Heat pump; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Passive cooling; Heat sink; Chiller; Coefficient of performance; Copper in heat exchangers; Cooling load; Air source heat pumps; Nuclear engineering; Storage heater; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Engineering; Thermal; Hybrid heat; Mechanical engineering; Plate fin heat exchanger; Plate heat exchanger; Meteorology; Geology; Thermodynamics; Air conditioning","score_opus":0.00820347835125444,"score_gpt":0.19162890463585433,"score_spread":0.1834254262845999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W134728952","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99621487,0.00012297872,0.000015079626,0.0002459852,0.000029179271,0.00019380182,0.000014904415,0.000033653025,0.0031295796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973865,0.000020986276,0.000059878425,0.0003542578,0.00015363311,0.00009475195,0.000033642846,0.000029611883,0.0018667253],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912775,0.00006932395,0.00016293983,0.00037724513,0.00003511949,0.00022764082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996044,0.00002422146,0.000043905286,0.00022333545,0.0000010865933,0.0001030579],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007851539,0.00019445647,0.00020605822,0.000041498664,0.00012307176,0.00001926245,0.00008036719,0.00007718577,0.0010952903],"category_scores_gemma":[4.224695e-7,0.00015554167,0.000016964146,0.000012597925,0.00018415567,0.000120251236,0.000048144993,0.000096051976,0.00016338275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00084637996,0.0025956426,0.27006423,0.0000152631,0.0006087578,0.00006465079,0.013277183,0.5746595,0.01353753,0.009564455,0.0001661436,0.11460022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033589425,0.0020115087,0.8773695,0.000008577702,0.00005536591,0.00015890006,0.010481453,0.018673273,0.00048298278,0.000035057135,0.086686105,0.00067829643],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00539332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033801463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6073053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056811776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000056242134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1506800069","doi":"","title":"Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Canada: Economics and GHG Reduction Potential","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Capital cost; Natural resource economics; Environmental science; Electricity; Environmental economics; Cost reduction; Economic impact analysis; Business; Economics; Environmental engineering; Agricultural economics; Engineering; Civil engineering","score_opus":0.01882952578222837,"score_gpt":0.2519524361000643,"score_spread":0.2331229103178359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1506800069","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9708852,0.00049240194,0.000007352798,0.00028612165,0.0009046069,0.0006736059,0.000042949036,0.000027980826,0.02667977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98898095,0.0069782985,0.00004549191,0.000028998309,0.00063176034,0.00035705112,0.00009871122,0.00009726393,0.0027814968],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99656624,0.00023565689,0.0010439932,0.001060782,0.00019089514,0.0009024078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998376,0.0001507443,0.00020023616,0.00092273694,0.00008038749,0.00026988104],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013392877,0.00037083682,0.0006708872,0.0005319746,0.00017189079,0.00021024613,0.00048055462,0.00051973126,0.00003104617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003840467,0.00044098275,0.00009128557,0.0001313968,0.00017436493,0.00010582542,0.0005447286,0.0012416046,0.0000063643456],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046404537,0.000042447457,0.0005708253,0.00012164676,0.000060174672,0.00001655461,0.0001218334,0.9537403,0.00011724906,0.003453137,0.0000144318,0.041695025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021331785,0.0000758081,0.023466669,0.0005889497,0.00002934777,0.0003249509,0.009466864,0.62080365,0.00021496197,0.0013851821,0.33968928,0.0018211317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97624993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9356838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33967483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0047894283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018407172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998042},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1524645251","doi":"10.1002/9780470970751.ch5","title":"Thermal Energy Storage and Energy Savings","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Energy conservation; Energy (signal processing); Thermal energy storage; Efficient energy use; Energy storage; Thermal energy; Environmental science; Computer science; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.006245342126609894,"score_gpt":0.1981749436483613,"score_spread":0.1919296015217514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1524645251","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00012069954,0.0010291606,0.0009054444,0.00013266265,0.00035518725,0.000035405777,0.000022117902,0.0005697863,0.9968295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0248494,0.0001779088,0.00045526188,0.00064652314,0.0012296295,0.00013499388,0.00007555115,0.00079147524,0.9716393],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856144,0.00004531545,0.00026442637,0.0005554314,0.00020674025,0.0003666593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988222,0.00003111452,0.00021305733,0.0007161894,0.000026490501,0.00019096161],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000058631143,0.00044340888,0.00042884206,0.00020592932,0.00008739723,0.000066641,0.00031487958,0.0007849627,0.01825691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000050376016,0.0003686358,0.00010659254,0.00012657339,0.00012397376,0.000037326823,0.00011782757,0.0002047343,0.00011758392],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000029238938,0.00004343443,0.000007185314,0.00002039186,0.0000979036,0.000007846836,0.000021522537,0.00013534717,0.0037747666,0.7785938,0.16686718,0.050427746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020862554,0.000014409907,0.000039616443,0.000037810514,0.000025664904,0.000010145813,0.000014246699,0.00033816232,0.00025437854,0.00024398346,0.99835443,0.00045849217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21057205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.054096717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8314873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016351547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037647715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1580794370","doi":"10.3390/resources4030524","title":"Geothermal Energy Potential in Low Enthalpy Areas as a Future Energy Resource: Identifying Feasible Targets, Quebec, Canada, Study Case","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Resources","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Sedimentary rock; Aquifer; Geothermal gradient; Structural basin; Sedimentary basin; Basement; Geothermal energy; Geochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Groundwater; Paleontology; Archaeology; Geotechnical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.01122464904369438,"score_gpt":0.2267223339269701,"score_spread":0.21549768488327573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1580794370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789476,0.0025463938,0.00013011752,0.000619413,0.00038548122,0.00021493615,0.000021445869,0.00015730507,0.016977306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97418046,0.000012605534,0.000031770156,0.00041830743,0.0013649232,0.00022658918,0.000051088035,0.00010858185,0.023605663],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964334,0.00046230646,0.0007064135,0.0007650334,0.00082583004,0.0008070579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99819976,0.00005414306,0.00028457775,0.00080028776,0.00013070702,0.0005305389],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003321887,0.00047627068,0.0005306129,0.00028430772,0.00032289486,0.00020224052,0.00055065734,0.00022765176,0.00033239758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003036636,0.0004519825,0.00013481286,0.00061975274,0.00007013522,0.00017666025,0.00019596155,0.00024557818,0.000026321857],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010485037,0.003970014,0.03383206,0.00019727842,0.0011351489,0.04794366,0.024506902,0.74811906,0.0014327944,0.049548976,0.05006097,0.038204666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028608027,0.0001167901,0.008980134,0.000101392616,0.00007376561,0.0010848435,0.044132408,0.007016262,0.00048640394,0.00038153125,0.93376136,0.0010042909],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9958591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99593824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88370043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044926457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045903362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1593132534","doi":"10.1080/10789669.2011.589747","title":"Numerical simulation of geothermal energy transfer beneath exothermic waste rock piles","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HVAC&R Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Laval; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Pile; Heat exchanger; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Heat transfer; Geotechnical engineering; Waste heat; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Waste management; Geology; Mining engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.10553701850500505,"score_gpt":0.32201938888928383,"score_spread":0.21648237038427878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1593132534","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8525905,0.0003656519,0.01647559,0.00009498471,0.00009682446,0.00033582308,0.000021759352,0.00014622224,0.12987264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99368083,0.000026850901,0.000095910196,0.00002283172,0.00021288995,0.00015098667,0.000014754887,0.000073675794,0.005721256],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99768764,0.00030548035,0.00044462844,0.000388541,0.00060882163,0.0005648781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876004,0.00017031658,0.000049644026,0.00058986194,0.00026562586,0.00016449358],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004263919,0.00018573178,0.000283769,0.00023450845,0.00018347117,0.00002220148,0.00043957203,0.000167572,0.0027981703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025326313,0.0001633568,0.00013740486,0.0005237191,0.000096363474,0.00012588281,0.000052445135,0.00021268136,0.00017994133],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030562334,0.00066243677,0.0019754427,0.00008935126,0.00013061252,0.000014059484,0.001905998,0.6497511,0.038608953,0.29445207,0.00015458203,0.011949724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002267415,0.00077967835,0.02183961,0.00018571982,0.000043768385,0.000021226802,0.0011409414,0.7114198,0.16293338,0.008381658,0.09000591,0.0009808834],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022773594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046656144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2860704,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047043293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071306655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1601181239","doi":"10.1080/10789669.2011.628221","title":"Ground-source heat pump systems: The first century and beyond","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HVAC&R Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"HVAC; Heat pump; Air source heat pumps; Engineering; Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Air conditioning; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.06559937417971458,"score_gpt":0.29098333879296856,"score_spread":0.225383964613254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1601181239","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5930411,0.004185951,0.000077526536,0.002008304,0.00026698265,0.00081635057,0.000012511707,0.00016597309,0.3994253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857349,0.00019326288,0.0000149087355,0.00010046376,0.00027053242,0.00038415505,0.0000058066607,0.000040829163,0.013255138],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817765,0.00023587588,0.00023576352,0.0003363712,0.00047595624,0.0005384152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987715,0.00019170971,0.000030079762,0.00070261396,0.00014991296,0.00015416672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009825013,0.00013769076,0.00016122099,0.000104200626,0.0007550824,0.00015857858,0.0004597099,0.00010590552,0.00031303204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003534098,0.00009152547,0.000047871003,0.00037128697,0.00025243525,0.00009817523,0.00022488237,0.00032537777,0.00046346727],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007453003,0.0002564557,0.0039401744,0.00023493887,0.00014017362,0.000023968472,0.0075600455,0.0016364745,0.0012217606,0.97162175,0.008111719,0.005177985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002490422,0.000058653317,0.008209687,0.00003997164,0.0000070591327,0.000045263234,0.0032474867,0.0026387612,0.00018922862,0.00087183964,0.9842928,0.0001502291],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07322379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018146696,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97618103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053839565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003204285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9329477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1601208345","doi":"","title":"L'influence des bâtiments et de l'inclinaison des forages sur le dimensionnement des systèmes géothermiques","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Humanities; Physics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.012390734005121253,"score_gpt":0.24476318410270698,"score_spread":0.23237245009758573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1601208345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90859514,0.009941885,0.07287408,0.0030812717,0.00022346646,0.0009765972,0.00011061286,0.0008906415,0.0033063337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8885834,0.0017423395,0.09302718,0.0014061992,0.0002759492,0.0016590188,0.000037476446,0.00025040327,0.013018019],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99510795,0.00061315845,0.0010645778,0.0009091467,0.00048121126,0.0018239605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963925,0.00031929332,0.0005401879,0.0014445628,0.00051881553,0.00078466436],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017792558,0.00086495763,0.0007585876,0.0003758753,0.001364747,0.00050753827,0.000951751,0.0008261212,0.00027566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041110648,0.00090022583,0.00038245277,0.00072362856,0.0012886105,0.0010744439,0.00041476442,0.00086467154,0.00010515072],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009052924,0.0018544565,0.07946762,0.00068330544,0.00034321952,0.00010307819,0.0025953138,0.13042264,0.2580605,0.45175764,0.0012293628,0.07339234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020496622,0.0005263264,0.5079356,0.002047846,0.000282751,0.00065400905,0.0008020973,0.0751202,0.22997744,0.116801746,0.061695013,0.002107329],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5597967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2411208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42846796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011022738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00086889404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999353},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1674031859","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-1060-6","title":"Effect of thermal-hydrogeological and borehole heat exchanger properties on performance and impact of vertical closed-loop geothermal heat pump systems","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrogeology Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Geothermal gradient; Groundwater flow; Geothermal heating; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Thermal conductivity; Heat flux; Groundwater; Borehole; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal energy; Heat transfer; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Aquifer; Materials science; Mechanics; Engineering; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.012200867475959548,"score_gpt":0.22821865132300095,"score_spread":0.2160177838470414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1674031859","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99623007,0.0015641015,0.0000061105598,0.00017848499,0.000091341295,0.0003450602,0.0000035836213,0.000027677856,0.0015535788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993188,0.0001591687,0.00000663453,0.00004656639,0.00015528263,0.00009454644,0.00000283147,0.000030673218,0.00018554786],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99801594,0.00043020255,0.00058520795,0.00027595783,0.00021810122,0.00047459017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910444,0.00016906888,0.000113660215,0.00027964357,0.00010359603,0.00022958152],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051102944,0.00030883114,0.00068664976,0.00014124527,0.00017248912,0.00003560091,0.00018695854,0.00026602243,0.00035969642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003782605,0.00018317487,0.00015185142,0.00010790561,0.00057877856,0.00017431323,0.00008349991,0.00033889344,0.000034660174],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010786289,0.00043568513,0.32448027,0.0005348671,0.0008161185,0.000035418925,0.00073046325,0.22245547,0.43744114,0.0030038233,0.00016337895,0.008824749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006882983,0.015123155,0.39820468,0.0008039784,0.0003070554,0.0053062853,0.0002001994,0.43045688,0.14062999,0.0001655842,0.00086457253,0.0010546473],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041655456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011512378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29681113,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036261536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034909102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74696547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1747364392","doi":"","title":"Eléments de dimensionnement d'un échangeur air/sol, dit « puits canadien »","year":2006,"lang":"fr","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Materials science","score_opus":0.011244173721481428,"score_gpt":0.20529478289586459,"score_spread":0.19405060917438316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1747364392","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60092103,0.0037491894,0.061922804,0.046527397,0.001230281,0.0015698406,0.000534883,0.0005488115,0.28299576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7999699,0.00052589964,0.023460243,0.00040370075,0.00018366978,0.00070013973,0.0015716243,0.00016956191,0.17301527],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9899008,0.005601555,0.0011772972,0.0014147181,0.00071695645,0.0011886379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99248,0.00078710273,0.0009804646,0.003315286,0.0017904632,0.0006467105],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042761806,0.0007894257,0.00071903906,0.00023894967,0.0010415098,0.00031106014,0.0017942636,0.00064694963,0.0010181519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003745999,0.0008991455,0.00041245148,0.00048590847,0.00031171174,0.00015342186,0.0014562326,0.00076487375,0.00040035255],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016418344,0.0025698459,0.005551579,0.00036819113,0.00057072804,0.00005192944,0.0117598185,0.033549126,0.008503664,0.8305457,0.008904721,0.09760825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016194845,0.0000018940284,0.043779794,0.0034527886,0.00029453658,0.000060202743,0.00032160484,0.04498389,0.05166628,0.007736941,0.84449464,0.0015879462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4004887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.24412516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83558995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009811458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045916418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1791392578","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12256","title":"Impact of Groundwater Flow and Energy Load on Multiple Borehole Heat Exchangers","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Irish Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University College Dublin; Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology","keywords":"Borehole; Groundwater flow; Groundwater; Groundwater discharge; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Advection; Geotechnical engineering; Soil science; Geology; Aquifer; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.011734499531472242,"score_gpt":0.2182974905212715,"score_spread":0.20656299098979927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1791392578","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98761415,0.000037891925,0.00074104464,0.00012411684,0.00010783027,0.00004757374,0.000007856361,0.00005046471,0.011269067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99518675,0.0000076019624,0.00008502645,0.00016814462,0.0002320165,0.000055858804,0.00005332736,0.000037896025,0.0041733715],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892265,0.0000616654,0.00022648102,0.0002804351,0.00017418654,0.00033459283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993767,0.000051207317,0.000031375374,0.0003804158,0.000053872485,0.000106441585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001281691,0.0001994047,0.00024254592,0.00006507329,0.000095032716,0.00004467568,0.00011627357,0.00010196765,0.00028905977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007720867,0.000120532015,0.00011893905,0.000055501616,0.00006934616,0.00009789086,0.000047322505,0.000057647092,0.00007858058],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008797876,0.0013608177,0.022665838,0.0002572238,0.0010485721,0.00001869932,0.007968885,0.30666757,0.45600733,0.069713145,0.0057596755,0.12765247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044428683,0.0016028482,0.077366546,0.00011066177,0.000076428965,0.000051603016,0.00013341004,0.07748313,0.057528198,0.0044447337,0.7754893,0.0012703],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07661353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015736996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7697296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008659259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010154166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9295354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W18301058","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-34023-9_8","title":"Temperature Investigations in the Petroleum Industry","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in earth system sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geoscience BC","funders":"","keywords":"Casing; Borehole; Petroleum engineering; Drilling; Lost circulation; Drilling fluid; Geology; Measurement while drilling; Wellbore; Mud logging; Petroleum; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.018330821714473235,"score_gpt":0.22824720652893832,"score_spread":0.2099163848144651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W18301058","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017989872,0.001297609,0.0003566745,0.0035581728,0.0006804974,0.0006911511,0.000033693243,0.00014826495,0.97524405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837132,0.0000070732904,0.00019781679,0.00070320076,0.00062016794,0.00011220839,0.000021434533,0.00003275013,0.014592157],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99764264,0.000182877,0.0005827641,0.00060985476,0.0005961754,0.00038568987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985683,0.000411018,0.00029416374,0.0006057668,0.000047414116,0.00007336499],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00097552326,0.00038308138,0.00045869008,0.0003498317,0.00032250246,0.00020484193,0.0008916319,0.0010150404,0.00010855777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000775156,0.00024436292,0.00011177934,0.00039119174,0.00041002006,0.00006863901,0.000048393507,0.0012891414,0.00012059717],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000012357622,0.000006766181,0.0005090592,0.00007494159,0.000008985408,0.000009498321,0.00037799132,0.24853683,0.00009716445,0.74915683,0.000057674784,0.001163046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093897106,0.00026468604,0.0046668053,0.0058511915,0.00008165114,0.000377478,0.0009307027,0.017514,0.0004371554,0.047411337,0.9192923,0.0022337271],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003055049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015751984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96572334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005420028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018553322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964831},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1866672279","doi":"10.1063/1.4931902","title":"Economic and energy analysis of domestic ground source heat pump systems in four Canadian cities","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; Université TÉLUQ; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Subsidy; Environmental science; Geothermal gradient; Heat pump; Economic evaluation; Geothermal energy; Economic impact analysis; Economic analysis; Internal rate of return; Balance (ability); Natural resource economics; Environmental engineering; Environmental economics; Engineering; Agricultural economics; Economics; Civil engineering; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.009599104907375125,"score_gpt":0.2095239236427753,"score_spread":0.1999248187354002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1866672279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790245,0.009158866,0.0008838227,0.00022444405,0.0001791445,0.000037526064,0.00000776994,0.000010443777,0.010473474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778775,0.0008069328,0.00002526022,0.00006862908,0.00015217961,0.000015481519,0.0000071258005,0.000025439553,0.021021439],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99819833,0.00013225258,0.0007547963,0.00021281578,0.00019018534,0.0005116062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853665,0.00012562727,0.00031385385,0.00023583502,0.00028576088,0.00050226384],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066360907,0.00020717678,0.0007669349,0.0014275213,0.000114400435,0.00012428164,0.00018498753,0.00015007622,0.000019740246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052043702,0.00018617959,0.00011403987,0.0006127034,0.000088158224,0.00029295357,0.000054492346,0.000079220976,2.3583274e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003371343,0.000017251421,0.0036941676,0.000051275343,0.00040173158,0.00010337575,0.00025335484,0.91117454,0.00008562738,0.083314046,0.0002300103,0.00064089254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002314405,0.000464241,0.0039508203,0.0001501091,0.00078845065,0.0005999591,0.03116784,0.13844486,0.00015922062,0.006817724,0.81449425,0.00064813875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97431797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6169644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81426424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004421197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006914538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75921834},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1888242364","doi":"10.1080/10789669.2011.604700","title":"Three-dimensional numerical modeling of vertical ground heat exchangers: Domain decomposition and state model reduction","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HVAC&R Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Reduction (mathematics); Heat exchanger; Computation; Transient (computer programming); Domain (mathematical analysis); Domain decomposition methods; Time domain; Mechanics; Geology; Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Geometry; Algorithm; Mathematics; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Finite element method; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.12107615130673827,"score_gpt":0.3430381774110531,"score_spread":0.2219620261043148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1888242364","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9572032,0.00015632676,0.039399296,0.00017433791,0.000030253714,0.00017757506,0.0000052192995,0.000034459976,0.0028193067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99477273,0.000014572195,0.0048887534,0.000009840997,0.00006516449,0.00009680562,0.000013527094,0.000025770118,0.00011285146],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850696,0.000116060364,0.00027121976,0.0003087011,0.00044723626,0.00034979897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932104,0.000041167692,0.000017319682,0.00026583133,0.00020348355,0.00015116321],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055969815,0.00010630931,0.00016712926,0.00014232527,0.0001974063,0.000022371913,0.00011876039,0.000084436,0.00011135547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011463395,0.0000966476,0.000044785756,0.00022922775,0.00013561298,0.00014021847,0.00010334324,0.00020649114,0.000030228015],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006758668,0.0005808422,0.00016344409,0.000096032505,0.00008858989,0.000009917274,0.0024865484,0.68619287,0.14745194,0.15814924,0.0002063875,0.0038983037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029221064,0.00009094364,0.0003530626,0.000035166082,0.0000052330265,0.00002245278,0.00011925089,0.94608945,0.0023098749,0.050517138,0.00006351636,0.000101710044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019264592,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029295354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25989655,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060854316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046638863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9872662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1904545851","doi":"10.1080/10789669.2011.607880","title":"A semi-analytical model for serpentine horizontal ground heat exchangers","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HVAC&R Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Axial symmetry; Superposition principle; Heat transfer; Heat sink; Coolant; Geothermal gradient; Thermodynamics; Geology; Materials science; Engineering; Physics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.2516265726747492,"score_gpt":0.3773556910937696,"score_spread":0.1257291184190204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1904545851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7249712,0.0002988972,0.014277738,0.0011749591,0.00015983588,0.0013984451,0.00007708855,0.00024116745,0.2574007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.957088,0.00001272914,0.0007184866,0.000045110373,0.0002565682,0.00081195193,0.00003418273,0.000054539494,0.04097843],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979959,0.00009204853,0.00026933802,0.00043151504,0.00047800748,0.00073319906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988139,0.000106748696,0.00002316961,0.00054552685,0.0002650863,0.00024555394],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000873985,0.00015097632,0.00022156119,0.00017122652,0.00029995365,0.000057890138,0.00039795644,0.00013343543,0.00082589226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005839453,0.0001331787,0.00014584012,0.00034958197,0.0001287543,0.00011631875,0.00013992937,0.00023949219,0.00034746906],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000410529,0.0007177787,0.00047979638,0.00017951532,0.0002339138,0.00001806958,0.0029897653,0.00698286,0.013668228,0.956241,0.014007264,0.0040712976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079742225,0.00019513724,0.00061974634,0.000028229986,0.000023817342,0.000013060233,0.00048805846,0.91264886,0.0016617054,0.010536102,0.072703026,0.00028483625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015353745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018751379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9457049,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009499101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000793286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9912031},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1911450494","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.020","title":"A new modeling approach for improved ground temperature profile determination","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Energy balance; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Sky; Energy (signal processing); Meteorology; Balance equation; Boundary value problem; Mathematics; Geology; Physics; Thermodynamics; Statistics; Geophysics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.025922090143848706,"score_gpt":0.2385654212624997,"score_spread":0.21264333111865097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1911450494","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0040113432,0.00043134525,0.9394719,0.00015235721,0.00025245792,0.00031157755,0.000016533606,0.00026549152,0.055086967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7405048,0.000014769418,0.10681039,0.0002575033,0.0015730475,0.0010972143,0.000656187,0.00012929272,0.14895679],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99867076,0.00003926699,0.0003164806,0.00043566315,0.00016312691,0.00037471956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989731,0.000022603152,0.00010914346,0.0004202169,0.00020874385,0.00026622106],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017725621,0.000230418,0.00025742504,0.00009068088,0.00014882258,0.00010904886,0.00024195273,0.00022828531,0.000029010438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034603177,0.00020854977,0.0001085442,0.00026593092,0.000012682972,0.00021104321,0.000042042262,0.000062045,0.00000558527],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030251551,0.000044589087,9.616692e-7,0.00001629773,0.000020700407,2.6788746e-7,0.0000781152,0.9473435,0.024320006,0.017389692,0.001789177,0.0089664385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00083706056,0.000057365203,8.1510746e-7,0.0000112373145,0.000019751304,0.000009636798,0.00017114085,0.87849325,0.007588121,0.0039280797,0.108629815,0.00025374928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16989553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003107217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8326615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000108734945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022218982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8504413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1931619923","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2014-0011","title":"The Cambrian Basal Sandstone Unit in central Alberta — an investigation of temperature distribution, petrography, and hydraulic and geomechanical properties of a deep saline aquifer","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy; University of Alberta","funders":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ","keywords":"Geology; Petrography; Geothermal gradient; Permeability (electromagnetism); Sedimentary rock; Aquifer; Porosity; Geochemistry; Karst; Petrology; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater","score_opus":0.011088300542865887,"score_gpt":0.19738084634089054,"score_spread":0.18629254579802465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1931619923","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99830735,0.00051721884,0.000015409405,0.0010080216,0.000052031228,0.0000433767,0.000005012587,9.2288866e-7,0.000050674153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997972,0.000019059602,0.00004914712,0.00005161851,0.00004980815,0.0000015423315,0.0000026376301,0.0000030878919,0.00002589536],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920696,0.00009765169,0.00029548057,0.000092036054,0.00012387865,0.00018399737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933964,0.000038859034,0.00015708889,0.00008045948,0.000101939266,0.000282018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050845294,0.00006584167,0.00013902679,0.00008346114,0.00018915096,0.000057556612,0.00014345143,0.000043084205,0.000005907328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008916969,0.00004126162,0.000023418836,0.00032467407,0.00062040094,0.00015225557,0.000006649959,0.00008281216,9.35213e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031629246,0.00002405026,0.85887253,0.000039056355,0.00003127811,0.0000023539087,0.0019481032,0.0055960515,0.029625848,0.10166292,0.000017385724,0.0021487956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038927887,0.00031671027,0.9844591,0.00012751196,0.000013675605,0.000045559063,0.0010612569,0.006355659,0.0037637823,0.0011683054,0.0021911382,0.00010801668],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11835473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.78424966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6658949,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002528042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022873696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8875162},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966450914","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2010.06.044","title":"Numerical analysis of thermal response tests with a groundwater flow and heat transfer model","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Laval","funders":"IAMGOLD; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Line source; Heat transfer; Geothermal gradient; Mechanics; Groundwater flow; Piping; Groundwater; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Flow (mathematics); Heat equation; Heat pump; Environmental science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Physics; Aquifer; Geophysics; Acoustics; Environmental engineering","score_opus":0.008492689081586987,"score_gpt":0.2109945396671075,"score_spread":0.2025018505855205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966450914","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9543263,0.000046947254,0.040599804,0.00014463329,0.000025205014,0.00004141851,0.000010932666,0.000059308673,0.0047455016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99479234,0.000007655996,0.0016492018,0.00011121618,0.000048286256,0.00008078505,0.000026480902,0.000040632145,0.0032433816],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878186,0.00008090617,0.0002853362,0.00035155818,0.000212509,0.00028783773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915445,0.000095097595,0.00002391578,0.00050170085,0.00007713971,0.00014772089],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017261138,0.00020684114,0.00040570513,0.00021690146,0.0000961764,0.000031488697,0.0001582718,0.00014210738,0.00024461342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008346543,0.0001506313,0.00011938458,0.0006597366,0.00010152069,0.00009928225,0.0000202662,0.000089065776,0.0000019207428],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022305902,0.0000782404,0.00035121318,0.0000044393596,0.0002546317,0.0000023314435,0.000110521745,0.7246909,0.2702804,0.0035655904,0.00000748325,0.00043120192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051659864,0.000102655846,0.0043906937,0.0000097081565,0.0003039792,0.000011667087,0.000024067494,0.94694555,0.04056755,0.00013330548,0.0067388476,0.00025534994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10493204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02424344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22971284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013761259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058035577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99356157},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967316385","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2010.12.002","title":"Borehole temperature evolution during thermal response tests","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Borehole; Geology; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Thermal conductivity; Geotechnical engineering; Temperature measurement; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.013189759512955026,"score_gpt":0.20896850034661701,"score_spread":0.19577874083366198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967316385","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97530764,0.00012502751,0.00003078426,0.00009328385,0.00013132587,0.0001341941,0.0000126743835,0.000247529,0.02391756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99000466,0.0000034754903,0.00031885432,0.000120689336,0.00022657642,0.00007826223,0.0000070820265,0.00006512892,0.009175281],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988385,0.00011236888,0.00024747546,0.00029599134,0.00015088852,0.00035479898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914587,0.00002833421,0.00010004943,0.00056001235,0.000065464665,0.00010028057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020304046,0.00019576083,0.00015851852,0.00008238568,0.0002144239,0.000027053926,0.000256702,0.00017723655,0.0006071714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027646225,0.0001754737,0.00008909783,0.0002355859,0.000065905995,0.0001248646,0.00004552565,0.00016245955,0.00041540692],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000526825,0.00019562786,0.00387538,0.000024137167,0.00006104098,0.000028357039,0.0019329236,0.012920248,0.9235317,0.05549274,0.00013289391,0.0012781307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011308049,0.00009423035,0.9187455,0.0000636711,0.000029933415,0.00008501929,0.00051401206,0.0009214995,0.049078736,0.0016983517,0.02695216,0.0006860457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031293288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029631695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91487014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000082127306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050593597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.715561},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972558881","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.03.013","title":"Exergy analysis of borehole thermal energy storage system for building cooling applications","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu","keywords":"Exergy; Condenser (optics); Evaporator; Borehole; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Cooling load; Water cooling; Thermal; Engineering; Waste management; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Air conditioning; Heat exchanger; Geography","score_opus":0.010392803606258992,"score_gpt":0.23198811827754276,"score_spread":0.22159531467128377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972558881","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4991719,0.0039042225,0.48798755,0.00006445954,0.00024150682,0.00019653341,0.00009538317,0.00027966753,0.0080587845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99445987,0.000047672725,0.0032383136,0.000093712246,0.00050857745,0.0007028196,0.0000940042,0.000053647807,0.0008013565],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832386,0.000052891144,0.00054022466,0.00038312946,0.000195303,0.0005045743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987183,0.00018065592,0.00035155888,0.0004360901,0.00010395406,0.00020942221],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032581223,0.00026815207,0.0005477975,0.00039290488,0.00033473884,0.000039221377,0.00025729305,0.00018731355,0.00003644769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010002274,0.00025011323,0.00027596386,0.000948208,0.00008923318,0.00020948894,0.00007831486,0.00005683759,8.258257e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026399974,0.000077905184,0.00047574582,0.00005097825,0.00056537153,2.4312905e-7,0.00013717191,0.07007591,0.046347335,0.87250316,0.000048601563,0.009691153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000697071,0.00005048821,0.0021429781,0.000075647884,0.001337938,0.000011590825,0.0005501596,0.039997466,0.06621291,0.0004186194,0.887837,0.00066813256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008358673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024622225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8877884,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006638634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002113423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973551257","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.01.048","title":"Geothermal heat pump systems: Status review and comparison with other heating options","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":591,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat pump; Geothermal heating; Renewable heat; Geothermal energy; Electricity; Environmental science; Heating system; Petroleum engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Hybrid heat; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Geophysics","score_opus":0.017932671583976965,"score_gpt":0.24420130775699792,"score_spread":0.22626863617302095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973551257","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23891969,0.16038132,0.016461903,0.0008098927,0.00046766453,0.0015250557,0.000091663744,0.001233838,0.580109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99469686,0.000859669,0.0006086916,0.00096175814,0.00033383953,0.00083491043,0.000047127978,0.00009361809,0.0015635134],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99827105,0.00007132207,0.0004420768,0.0003271977,0.0002146797,0.00067369686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998982,0.000059459584,0.00013299554,0.00048075095,0.000045450863,0.00029935336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018809302,0.00030191708,0.0005040822,0.00006247197,0.00023823262,0.000054556825,0.00013411495,0.0001060508,0.00023053044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035234252,0.00023856656,0.000044835946,0.00026121578,0.000087577275,0.00012893724,0.000050453167,0.00011878112,0.00007405766],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013278213,0.0001617125,0.0011280569,0.0002941193,0.00013193152,3.6285343e-7,0.00019503964,0.10749561,0.0018122457,0.88567466,0.00033525948,0.0027577083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062870263,0.00004814396,0.0012420168,0.00032431574,0.00019373761,0.000040008177,0.00049291924,0.0032952593,0.00058927457,0.000082927996,0.9924744,0.00058829825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03219324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006593356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99213916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056215253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002503454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97425145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977371538","doi":"10.1061/9780784412121.452","title":"Field and Laboratory Investigation of a Heat Exchanger Pile","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GeoCongress 2012","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Field (mathematics); Energy storage; Scale (ratio); Energy exchange; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Geology; Mechanics; Physics","score_opus":0.015287527053325641,"score_gpt":0.23162602474672556,"score_spread":0.2163384976933999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977371538","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98821616,0.0024823614,0.00006822046,0.00033519807,0.00021660494,0.000114856826,0.000013623296,0.000039076593,0.00851387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979871,0.000021422391,0.0001386901,0.00023356974,0.0002492105,0.00008335179,0.000008994026,0.000012044754,0.0012655961],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99946606,0.00003893002,0.0001441819,0.00009172098,0.00007913279,0.00018000211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995472,0.00004988927,0.000053352418,0.00019371237,0.000050857187,0.00010499723],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001352075,0.000079560574,0.0001164951,0.00004027126,0.000044434004,0.000008366308,0.000055718898,0.00007875434,0.00045887506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012929111,0.00007067145,0.000020092977,0.00009323707,0.000047951657,0.00023500665,0.000030335159,0.000048004276,0.000053999287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006893519,0.00025488625,0.38003883,0.00050509954,0.00019082252,0.0000019399629,0.0062302514,0.0008445484,0.15075979,0.39124656,0.03354346,0.036314882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060297665,0.0000744109,0.16483952,0.000088898334,0.00004253101,0.000007924745,0.00029604556,0.00039045958,0.07594283,0.0009490943,0.75639963,0.00036569065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023314669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017737094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72285616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000059877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010171532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50243604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977742852","doi":"10.1002/nag.883","title":"Sinusoidal oscillations radiating from a cylindrical source in thermal conduction or groundwater flow: Closed‐form solutions","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Thermal conduction; Mechanics; Hydraulic head; Thermal; RADIUS; Integral transform; Heat equation; Thermal conductivity; Geology; Physics; Mathematics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematical analysis; Thermodynamics; Computer science","score_opus":0.04481856713631275,"score_gpt":0.357478517717081,"score_spread":0.31265995058076823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977742852","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26534534,0.000040930645,0.72954494,0.0028150727,0.0015868089,0.00019112686,0.00003557156,0.000042388943,0.00039783315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8205639,0.00001821624,0.17725177,0.00028777943,0.0012544405,0.000067800196,0.000035940124,0.00003784792,0.00048230347],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978982,0.00017163958,0.00081463327,0.00036282794,0.0003213422,0.00043132922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983826,0.00086772867,0.00018926588,0.00015192831,0.00018853396,0.00021989296],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009638832,0.00021526187,0.00035609104,0.00028379896,0.00022950744,0.00018637422,0.0003188737,0.00024765418,0.0005122738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007920062,0.00016538161,0.00017901695,0.0003257127,0.00006362893,0.0002568067,0.00011149399,0.0008114199,0.000011432692],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050175877,0.0009243428,0.0011959219,0.000012630202,0.00030705804,0.000050721603,0.0010768555,0.13638958,0.033918433,0.1754147,0.00006905484,0.650139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011355988,0.00008320392,0.0015013865,0.00003429024,0.000027543878,0.00014198702,0.00023877947,0.926047,0.00017574157,0.044024248,0.026344871,0.00024530073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002018323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008042126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7896575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001303321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007636759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67440665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983353374","doi":"10.1007/s10765-011-0975-1","title":"Thermal Conductivity of Standard Sands II. Saturated Conditions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Compaction; Saturation (graph theory); Quartz; Volume (thermodynamics); Materials science; Geometric mean; Grain size; Mineralogy; Root mean square; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Geology; Mathematics; Composite material; Physics; Chemistry; Geometry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.026920820467653025,"score_gpt":0.26375351636870825,"score_spread":0.2368326959010552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983353374","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9744913,0.000041943003,0.0005262784,0.00014820247,0.0006097118,0.000042072963,0.00006818665,0.000014463217,0.024057848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988587,0.000010340211,0.00041735757,0.000062268235,0.00035820878,0.000003973241,0.000009711749,0.00001825598,0.00026120103],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998939,0.000051302464,0.00044451383,0.0000870177,0.00037342054,0.000104797306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982797,0.000039934992,0.00063497794,0.00015550578,0.00083371875,0.000056155026],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014238148,0.000111813875,0.00022580795,0.00008701352,0.000056851983,0.000013108812,0.00042846377,0.000055643308,0.0006567441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022049837,0.00008957987,0.00018599752,0.000107388434,0.00010424319,0.00023499072,0.0000495399,0.0001442357,0.000010607117],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047056985,0.0006064148,0.00076462113,0.000008717422,0.0011678289,0.000030749507,0.002243905,0.010969068,0.6055132,0.36655283,0.0003785546,0.01129351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047910707,0.001111125,0.073642306,0.00033916236,0.0002677531,0.00021051925,0.0011497115,0.0012434239,0.80445504,0.084731854,0.027306424,0.0007516085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005367722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016391288,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28182098,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004706984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008263459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71908873},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986105651","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.11.031","title":"Experimental investigation of the reliability of residential standing column heat pump systems without bleed in cold climates","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Borehole; Drilling; Bleed; Reliability (semiconductor); Groundwater; Heating system; Petroleum engineering; Extreme Cold; Engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Climatology","score_opus":0.010121977636065977,"score_gpt":0.20630557972154956,"score_spread":0.19618360208548358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986105651","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99742514,0.0001731685,0.00012581228,0.000009374813,0.00019480412,0.00037571078,0.0000060773664,0.000045995082,0.0016439472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995274,0.0000013342714,0.000105715764,0.000005071588,0.00009346857,0.00019979771,0.0000037213297,0.00003311676,0.000030399808],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988694,0.000037601887,0.00047650884,0.00014353254,0.00021181953,0.00026114532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940896,0.00005836306,0.00012665328,0.0003213732,0.000025922176,0.00005871197],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003652074,0.00014274227,0.000262398,0.000058461643,0.000045813504,0.0000126773475,0.00017464173,0.0000901053,0.000017048771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011124794,0.00011983363,0.000054633027,0.0002475294,0.0000587066,0.00010594062,0.00006483485,0.00010370361,0.0000030083813],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009557622,0.000021668486,0.008255031,0.0000631969,0.0000096803915,3.3473093e-8,0.00040842933,0.37055764,0.58144313,0.03922858,8.2233015e-7,0.000002243587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047582487,0.000011329273,0.033284947,0.000119285934,0.000014946888,0.0000013005672,0.0005099095,0.021973446,0.9432617,0.000014190598,0.00017948511,0.00015364987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004445973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025898897,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36181855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009804182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017330885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6721011},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988515260","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.07.044","title":"A contribution towards the determination of g-functions using the finite line source","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Line source; Superposition principle; Function (biology); Extraction (chemistry); Thermal; Field (mathematics); Geology; Work (physics); Laplace transform; Boundary value problem; Source function; Mathematics; Mechanics; Geometry; Mathematical analysis; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.015342235455057605,"score_gpt":0.2124891995749049,"score_spread":0.19714696411984728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1988515260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53839594,0.00019892736,0.45817026,0.00012905129,0.00020155647,0.00026800428,0.0000069967446,0.00011057981,0.0025186965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99882966,0.0000021385963,0.00039560773,0.000048242422,0.0004249151,0.00012836531,0.00001172734,0.000029933988,0.00012938151],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923605,0.000022041038,0.00024010453,0.00009486223,0.00014614547,0.00026082064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993689,0.0001300122,0.00011073827,0.00029384045,0.000054057196,0.000042453787],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003028482,0.00013141314,0.00012766753,0.000038240814,0.00017265932,0.000017810566,0.00016734231,0.00006920332,0.000044747467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003354141,0.000081420665,0.000070643335,0.00023806586,0.00003856731,0.000072163166,0.000044353776,0.000132222,0.000019104004],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000055866453,0.000019552748,0.0000305686,0.000008270784,0.000025321619,4.4660986e-8,0.00037149223,0.7858489,0.14305489,0.061743475,0.0000015662354,0.008890333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004968258,0.00001764783,0.0050552934,0.000031856674,0.00012307557,0.000014885595,0.00039696012,0.8662969,0.06979801,0.00009318912,0.05737068,0.00030469563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006085732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009354244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46043378,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036205314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012007382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33202383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989072034","doi":"10.1002/er.1056","title":"Energy and exergy analysis of Salihli geothermal district heating system in Manisa, Turkey","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Geothermal gradient; Exergy efficiency; Geothermal energy; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Process engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.030457655618675937,"score_gpt":0.3281596822525594,"score_spread":0.2977020266338835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989072034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719168,0.0010205398,0.0024532652,0.0005703138,0.00018628217,0.00003356957,0.000025718604,0.000015898337,0.02377763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976832,0.00021424184,0.00028180267,0.00004361566,0.00055334467,0.00001896983,0.000020872005,0.000026208592,0.0011577369],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968458,0.00031099177,0.0010682532,0.00024607105,0.0011918264,0.00033709177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978377,0.0003728771,0.0004441142,0.00023636139,0.0009545026,0.00015441139],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011001247,0.00016136176,0.00047978506,0.0018252995,0.000073405725,0.00007957597,0.0006700721,0.00011968933,0.00018813137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006837632,0.00014114221,0.00021832467,0.0010813888,0.00012401618,0.00022978408,0.0001471626,0.00020806839,0.0000023660498],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002266152,0.00026080423,0.0053982562,0.000017424749,0.0015351564,0.00008940083,0.0003131551,0.46713135,0.0059868773,0.47455922,0.00011035202,0.044371393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0045375004,0.0004371559,0.056285754,0.0008948121,0.00040373742,0.00059047475,0.0029528495,0.60620487,0.02607815,0.0019890624,0.2987546,0.00087099476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.043815255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0070755007,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47257015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003120686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010980956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9625521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990555029","doi":"10.7492/ijaec.2013.002","title":"Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems Including Several Types of Heat Exchangers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Architecture Engineering and Construction","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.008131615299575576,"score_gpt":0.21684697566227737,"score_spread":0.2087153603627018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990555029","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80726165,0.00021826618,0.19125953,0.0003775991,0.0006756895,0.00010821051,0.000010440726,0.000016899547,0.00007174124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99713486,0.000025064091,0.0022464115,0.000022023512,0.00049560756,0.000028150875,0.000009780783,0.000012401723,0.000025677275],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992184,0.000015718371,0.0003723502,0.00009660233,0.0001925935,0.00010432171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932945,0.000088061155,0.00013381404,0.00006847399,0.00028377894,0.00009641597],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000115141156,0.00010455364,0.00024034547,0.00035547913,0.0000406457,0.000056961955,0.00011685215,0.000054493874,0.000029664054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056345587,0.000089089015,0.0001324156,0.00014886583,0.000029387022,0.00010802892,0.000018133724,0.0000985145,7.0804674e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023156135,0.000009799841,0.0004077373,0.000023701572,0.0008053254,5.611911e-7,0.00015106157,0.9846642,0.007772381,0.003343811,0.0000039080182,0.0027943533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006627824,0.000052264866,0.0047250576,0.00010359973,0.00016409466,0.00024909628,0.00025128975,0.99060977,0.0005465193,0.0003349782,0.002157277,0.00014325521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030354382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026800068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18987326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044524677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023661736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4588695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991623060","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.06.003","title":"A new contribution to the finite line-source model for geothermal boreholes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":442,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Parameterized complexity; Heat transfer; Superposition principle; Rotational symmetry; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Flexibility (engineering); Geothermal gradient; Computer science; Parametric statistics; Applied mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Engineering; Geology; Physics; Algorithm; Mathematical analysis; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.0088392838115429,"score_gpt":0.21499148993601333,"score_spread":0.20615220612447044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991623060","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09061089,0.0003850661,0.90371126,0.0035726025,0.00006114755,0.00013837282,0.000022227305,0.000102280086,0.0013961743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9659006,0.0000107091855,0.002852483,0.0012380244,0.0007859122,0.00017259584,0.00004197213,0.00003009798,0.028967582],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914867,0.000016014737,0.0002110426,0.00025000185,0.00010001428,0.00027424915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994962,0.00008400658,0.00007149695,0.00019946804,0.000060430903,0.00008836802],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012499138,0.00015176793,0.00014661252,0.00004439539,0.00028754424,0.00006772607,0.00015647626,0.000093226845,0.000020450172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002175423,0.000108991735,0.00007422283,0.00013744726,0.000026271164,0.000062805426,0.00003986394,0.000044706518,0.000006014109],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018480634,0.000009968851,0.000011782762,0.0000018056777,0.000007947494,1.323894e-7,0.000042157284,0.5523417,0.0023494037,0.43383488,0.002558312,0.008823448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003377338,0.000022958886,0.00008703192,0.00001235276,0.000013666002,0.0000032668995,0.000009841804,0.2919147,0.0029619609,0.0063293576,0.6981789,0.000128248],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013623569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002803537,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90085876,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016610398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002438688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9929448},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991975028","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2007.01.015","title":"Understanding energy and exergy efficiencies for improved energy management in power plants","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Policy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":249,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Exergy; Cogeneration; Process engineering; Geothermal power; Geothermal energy; Power (physics); Combined cycle; Energy (signal processing); Environmental science; Engineering; Power station; Electricity generation; Geothermal gradient; Mechanical engineering; Gas turbines; Electrical engineering; Mathematics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.03279464656000595,"score_gpt":0.2614235574032617,"score_spread":0.22862891084325573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991975028","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05006828,0.00142523,0.5280628,0.0020925647,0.0008041359,0.00037004997,0.00007771602,0.0005652789,0.41653392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858904,0.00028011444,0.000585251,0.0012746142,0.00035318153,0.00019750449,0.00004716432,0.00008015165,0.011291628],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975915,0.00004955221,0.0006145951,0.00059565273,0.0002042645,0.0009444133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988953,0.00020163017,0.00018583318,0.00044624813,0.00003380923,0.00023719027],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034879902,0.00037064822,0.00040200472,0.0007444296,0.00025285594,0.000074723925,0.0003034844,0.00021244,0.000029749068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020217523,0.00036014497,0.00011579629,0.0005731019,0.00012141973,0.00012396116,0.00013598055,0.000060422684,0.0000017845953],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006965649,0.000089769695,0.000016021206,0.000012021938,0.0000629684,0.000009424806,0.00017606787,0.0052807573,0.0034885576,0.9746612,0.00038457828,0.015748978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023505539,0.00013927626,0.0009866828,0.000066918554,0.00002083255,0.000033491055,0.0012873468,0.009853631,0.008549484,0.048285626,0.92762655,0.0007996256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.051730525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024904689,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9358221,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036730815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000538867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993180392","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2008.08.029","title":"Performance assessment of cogeneration plants","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; Exergy; Process engineering; Steam turbine; Waste management; Diesel fuel; Engineering; Thermal efficiency; Electricity generation; Environmental science; Exergy efficiency; Automotive engineering; Combustion; Mechanical engineering; Power (physics); Chemistry","score_opus":0.013550621714659124,"score_gpt":0.2182314581382657,"score_spread":0.20468083642360657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993180392","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84942114,0.000068667985,0.002158779,0.000104240346,0.00014563222,0.000076551565,0.0000020427942,0.000045127214,0.1479778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98860335,0.0019734711,0.00051959493,0.00016379106,0.000030051062,0.000032636348,0.000027946402,0.000008024047,0.008641155],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994046,0.00002062343,0.00016461035,0.00015652817,0.00014956255,0.000104087565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969023,0.0000076216006,0.0000725628,0.00016119926,0.000022000931,0.000046365083],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055408822,0.00008508683,0.00010888802,0.000071812705,0.00013612797,0.000004699313,0.0000697797,0.00003225917,0.0001339015],"category_scores_gemma":[4.0296803e-7,0.0000769615,0.000026336937,0.00006988927,0.000040709285,0.00005862871,0.00005488703,0.000021303264,0.0000077269215],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003386342,0.00022415943,0.007405938,0.00018731508,0.00019475358,0.000022588663,0.00020173664,0.041289113,0.0061913915,0.882598,0.0050525963,0.056598566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001038846,0.00007676198,0.05763706,0.00003859805,0.000021783835,0.000015683427,0.00015332198,0.079496175,0.007091601,0.000040697156,0.8541836,0.0002058442],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008058813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028169463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8825573,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016925944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008437303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31383988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994296880","doi":"10.1007/s10765-014-1793-z","title":"Canadian Field Soils III. Thermal-Conductivity Data and Modeling","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"China Agricultural University","keywords":"Saturation (graph theory); Lambda; Physics; Domain (mathematical analysis); Thermal conductivity; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Crystallography; Materials science; Condensed matter physics; Thermodynamics; Combinatorics; Optics; Chemistry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.031645046349190215,"score_gpt":0.27113954716496547,"score_spread":0.23949450081577525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994296880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9744889,0.00006712101,0.009289291,0.002777177,0.0005400495,0.000030490675,0.000015051499,0.000009774542,0.012782105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99795276,0.00001643146,0.0003145265,0.0005292229,0.000993488,0.0000014514496,0.000008731184,0.000014722967,0.00016866616],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992586,0.000038982635,0.00024972734,0.00012453858,0.00020942123,0.00011876073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991605,0.00006745358,0.00017456758,0.0002822379,0.00020363834,0.00011160359],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025037487,0.0000895907,0.00013852204,0.00007017142,0.000056487836,0.00006518116,0.00067813654,0.000048241785,0.00006040413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004336037,0.00007549088,0.000048107777,0.00003933703,0.000017201375,0.00029318486,0.00008541962,0.00013924997,0.000010501215],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008505957,0.00013499243,0.0006995559,0.000010863417,0.0007147919,0.00002581357,0.0008380719,0.40642855,0.035501793,0.19963059,0.00068992993,0.35524002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010277807,0.000076097356,0.0007585789,0.000099051475,0.000058192672,0.000120815246,0.00020598198,0.9163678,0.0027081806,0.032203566,0.04603617,0.00033778485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11496327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013170706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50993925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047771155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000828396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8909303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994554025","doi":"10.1177/0143624407087286","title":"Sub-hourly simulation of residential ground coupled heat pump systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Borehole; Transient (computer programming); Heat transfer; Environmental science; Flow (mathematics); Steady state (chemistry); Engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Thermal; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.019383982873851405,"score_gpt":0.2717314227330327,"score_spread":0.2523474398591813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994554025","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99651706,0.0012070672,0.0015334785,0.000119712706,0.00007809489,0.0001849356,0.0000038014327,0.00026518744,0.00009067759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99935913,0.00012657506,0.00018901231,0.0000020135944,0.00010313543,0.00008128219,0.000008028599,0.000033369906,0.00009747884],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987191,0.000023700068,0.00029349342,0.00027395802,0.00029300325,0.0003967324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910855,0.00015123999,0.00004659022,0.0003491433,0.00026951666,0.00007494074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028599243,0.0001303976,0.00023839742,0.00063539454,0.0002014813,0.000034228025,0.00027448504,0.00022267218,0.0000060015004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003543592,0.00013011352,0.000024777935,0.00086944306,0.000114507704,0.00010845304,0.00011866436,0.00024194672,0.00000772902],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001010527,0.000025339521,0.0006402432,0.00022524036,0.00003387194,0.000009905863,0.000052195104,0.7404018,0.20656998,0.051923852,0.0000022903205,0.00010519707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040925734,0.00012412331,0.0024847372,0.0001653525,0.0000063757093,0.0000621442,0.0001479389,0.9757895,0.01645792,0.0006276777,0.0035586772,0.00016633759],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018967053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021674744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23538768,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003984825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023308832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98756576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994586581","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2011.0228n","title":"Probe Body and Thermal Contact Conductivity Affect Error of Heat Pulse Method Based on Infinite Line Source Approximation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Thermal conductivity; Line source; RADIUS; Thermal conduction; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermal; Materials science; Line (geometry); Heat equation; Volumetric heat capacity; Thermodynamics; Laser flash analysis; Chemistry; Soil science; Mathematics; Composite material; Physics; Heat transfer; Heat flux; Optics; Geometry; Environmental science; Chromatography; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.022441231713370487,"score_gpt":0.2943281805016348,"score_spread":0.2718869487882643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994586581","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9113824,0.00007008959,0.08587109,0.00062400586,0.000085953674,0.00015300344,0.000005785925,0.000021334261,0.0017863712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9798322,0.000011313639,0.019682758,0.0002639257,0.00013212083,0.000012760172,0.0000017915065,0.000012967645,0.000050203023],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984407,0.00017548737,0.00033361308,0.00018995634,0.0005048775,0.00035537407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988118,0.00017527048,0.00041204272,0.00022129613,0.00018055651,0.00019903449],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018720427,0.00014763723,0.00030291989,0.000069854905,0.00033895078,0.000037479025,0.00021528914,0.00006358681,0.000074287476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008422253,0.00011203798,0.00018144093,0.0005489508,0.00063104474,0.00042344187,0.000041326504,0.00023529501,0.0000028269378],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042699743,0.00040328325,0.004669129,0.00006254617,0.000045486187,1.2435795e-7,0.003020905,0.20260021,0.7589795,0.0012300404,0.00005438124,0.028891716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012079224,0.0006626299,0.06078522,0.00013890701,0.000060538427,0.000047361173,0.0031615493,0.8317772,0.09854243,0.00014290196,0.0031242024,0.0003491464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019130607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004212499,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66043705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000568041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015756403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45687762},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996618164","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1998","title":"Research on the Application of Ground Source Heat Pump Technology in Timber Structure","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Resource (disambiguation); Geothermal gradient; Energy consumption; Environmentally friendly; Environmental economics; Consumption (sociology); Engineering; Civil engineering; Waste management; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Heat exchanger; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.017289098192116888,"score_gpt":0.25701066176055026,"score_spread":0.23972156356843338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996618164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99447834,0.000017864148,0.0018827922,0.00096604176,0.00003657973,0.00066144665,0.000009602623,0.000030606156,0.0019167092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99863744,0.000014188644,0.00021222566,0.000097864206,0.000050298026,0.00081890746,0.000012576122,0.000022136772,0.000134342],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911124,0.0000477004,0.00025242128,0.00023139652,0.0001421344,0.0002151338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993768,0.000069821675,0.000060990005,0.00039435516,0.000069753194,0.000028328917],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003645394,0.00010533911,0.00018785514,0.00012204442,0.00009662748,0.00003941939,0.00018826059,0.000172034,0.00023911781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008441663,0.00007129279,0.000010213945,0.0003334535,0.00003910043,0.000021224472,0.00008961979,0.00010814881,0.00007121653],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000442832,0.000012148123,4.944653e-7,0.000009577126,0.000004149226,3.568525e-8,0.000032204898,0.00039873985,0.41293842,0.5857426,0.000019777568,0.0008374532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026179396,0.000036946938,0.00013266772,0.000018589848,0.000004771232,0.000003120796,0.0008289323,0.000993167,0.3312444,0.65235925,0.013990206,0.0001261681],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006570392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017185223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08169403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018501398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011036905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9932511},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998431772","doi":"10.1007/s10765-013-1456-5","title":"Experimental Investigation of Soil Thermal Conductivity Over a Wide Temperature Range","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Loam; Thermal conductivity; Permanent wilting point; Soil water; Water content; Field capacity; Soil texture; Saturation (graph theory); Materials science; Soil science; Heat capacity; Thermodynamics; Environmental science; Geology; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Composite material","score_opus":0.01266528125441792,"score_gpt":0.24116501606749588,"score_spread":0.22849973481307795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998431772","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99686825,0.00010520664,0.000050840867,0.0005630079,0.00047105554,0.00007476215,0.000007557389,0.00001068172,0.001848616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986506,0.0000039099664,0.00016831339,0.00026171352,0.0006107541,0.00001538736,0.0000056520153,0.000021137676,0.00026250383],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989481,0.00006678994,0.00035895256,0.00009807021,0.0004275019,0.00010060392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99870765,0.00006614485,0.0005369866,0.00014221513,0.0004828883,0.00006411598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001025623,0.00012414406,0.00019745922,0.00006923909,0.000031740663,0.00004588809,0.00036002888,0.00006667112,0.00040944217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019055067,0.00009839662,0.00016797731,0.00008274847,0.00008453689,0.0004620231,0.000040343228,0.00014936274,0.00002660811],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031494063,0.000107207765,0.0020285724,0.000004096764,0.00019324406,0.0000032235666,0.00055352564,0.008212892,0.9776313,0.009686089,0.00038289806,0.0011654642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015292206,0.00012806509,0.09607043,0.00012233066,0.00003051957,0.00004047778,0.00046498698,0.0012869141,0.8923991,0.0064981985,0.0011816742,0.000248076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015192787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010040036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09404186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006141728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055253455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44831046},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1999709461","doi":"10.1007/s11053-013-9218-4","title":"Evaluation of Engineered Geothermal Systems as a Heat Source for Oil Sands Production in Northern Alberta","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural Resources Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Helmholtz-Alberta Initiative; Government of Alberta","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Fracture (geology); Geothermal energy; Geology; Environmental science; Extraction (chemistry); Porosity; Computer simulation; Thermal; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Simulation; Geophysics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03839778928361333,"score_gpt":0.32240507291510945,"score_spread":0.28400728363149613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1999709461","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98776466,0.001746491,0.0000046263362,0.00060403714,0.00013604484,0.0008601958,0.000002573116,0.000030105335,0.008851246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97783345,0.000012155746,0.000020438789,0.000007762103,0.00036309825,0.001906592,0.000027501632,0.000045473753,0.019783547],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99668765,0.00050830474,0.00043543353,0.00039959018,0.0014643642,0.0005046746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973426,0.000377661,0.00007577286,0.00045065276,0.0016617296,0.00009161143],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027200102,0.00015898263,0.00025367725,0.00035762068,0.00014769047,0.000077833305,0.00032031495,0.00017095698,0.00012404748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011782043,0.00012988664,0.00008414427,0.00065901753,0.00009130957,0.00014785558,0.000052462496,0.00032389272,0.00011382394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013350588,0.00017301466,0.0012927701,0.00025868192,0.00010393372,3.1873273e-7,0.0031281528,0.77127415,0.07513931,0.001328599,0.00039738155,0.14677016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028840415,0.0002672101,0.014663566,0.00042990153,0.000054080774,0.000023138024,0.004547513,0.83672106,0.011826559,0.00055866764,0.12747973,0.0005445042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2062734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.025450611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18082279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024383645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001077313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9923324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2000476572","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.12.035","title":"Performance prediction of a hybrid solar ground-source heat pump system","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Coefficient of performance; Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Solar energy; Thermal; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.011596549863293892,"score_gpt":0.17530221866232842,"score_spread":0.16370566879903453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2000476572","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97253144,0.0001743525,0.0034181979,0.000014325146,0.00013421055,0.000043660926,0.000007268063,0.00014326323,0.023533272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99746186,0.00007497613,0.00023178147,0.000038381593,0.00013789162,0.000053772317,0.00001125615,0.000026203088,0.001963896],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999081,0.00002988165,0.00029880888,0.00024909613,0.00013360972,0.00020759956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950635,0.000015430829,0.000095843345,0.00024486115,0.00005444153,0.00008309836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001422236,0.00015043712,0.00020653628,0.00007715939,0.00016775477,0.000016251399,0.0001358077,0.00006618661,0.00006160261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000036944896,0.00013279724,0.000058668084,0.00012928141,0.00007293965,0.00018244919,0.000046764108,0.000057552235,0.000006186475],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017467327,0.00029985115,0.012432355,0.0006034947,0.00029489686,0.000011907462,0.0018258343,0.023591982,0.065567106,0.8605222,0.0003866878,0.034288984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015671845,0.00051857816,0.0190873,0.0006449122,0.00016322128,0.00060612394,0.001207934,0.12297987,0.31033438,0.000581963,0.54152364,0.00078491657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016931798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005569266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8599403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029049004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013493123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98961455},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001303948","doi":"10.1007/s10665-013-9655-4","title":"On thermal resistance in concentric residential geothermal heat exchangers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Mathematics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"University of Massachusetts Amherst; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Mechanics; Heat exchanger; Piping; Heat transfer; Laminar flow; Thermal resistance; Geothermal gradient; Thermal conduction; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.008445982910532416,"score_gpt":0.20269948795220954,"score_spread":0.19425350504167713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001303948","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918034,0.00027976834,0.0023263716,0.0002487609,0.0002141117,0.00012612807,0.0000010097618,0.00002643209,0.004974007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949858,0.00001434318,0.00400266,0.000039734157,0.00022384338,0.00001869973,4.3374726e-7,0.00003687815,0.00067759375],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988799,0.000019358582,0.000538805,0.00008259328,0.00025113946,0.00022816712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993323,0.00014503325,0.00017035211,0.00019120035,0.000079264006,0.000081866005],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020833085,0.00013876306,0.00026416717,0.00014034225,0.000024164763,0.000040297084,0.00020771346,0.000069046444,0.00031145895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008136257,0.000113891074,0.00009066369,0.00019712841,0.000016393491,0.00013107317,0.000014811027,0.000188777,0.00006670027],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014999144,0.00016503576,0.000055705743,0.0001523738,0.000058009584,0.000034689216,0.0010476096,0.8813528,0.027167747,0.0889579,0.0007664186,0.00022670321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017830784,0.0012378405,0.09118098,0.010758849,0.0003666212,0.0007129946,0.0029497014,0.6794885,0.04727197,0.051239908,0.09201687,0.004945017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018130006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027694834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20186435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007616237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001975747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46443433},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001687194","doi":"10.1063/1.4812647","title":"A transient natural convection heat transfer model for geothermal borehole heat exchangers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Heat transfer; Natural convection; Combined forced and natural convection; Thermodynamics; Convective heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Heat capacity rate; Materials science; Heat spreader; Physics","score_opus":0.008404742351849012,"score_gpt":0.2078752351836735,"score_spread":0.1994704928318245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001687194","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.738898,0.00549095,0.24640033,0.0025442946,0.00039125423,0.0004989901,0.000009037559,0.00006903749,0.0056981067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9690846,0.00031074716,0.00035673362,0.00045788818,0.00033214304,0.0001676065,0.000009337887,0.00004859659,0.029232346],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836314,0.00004915306,0.00052445347,0.00022712194,0.00022739833,0.00060874503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989591,0.000054275326,0.00005115548,0.00017973299,0.0005339939,0.00022172129],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028227063,0.00023771508,0.00041009617,0.00021672093,0.00029063714,0.00011515957,0.0001593518,0.00014470628,0.0000922229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012438137,0.00019063448,0.00022993951,0.00020246523,0.000061728446,0.0005285915,0.000016680217,0.00011771631,9.817634e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013041486,0.00009009554,0.000010373716,0.00010968015,0.00010511857,0.000009882544,0.0005643677,0.9430805,0.029421903,0.02141219,0.0023357952,0.0027296813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026747514,0.00038441882,0.00007675812,0.000060444825,0.00009587847,0.00016536776,0.004087343,0.7085632,0.012339368,0.004967478,0.266171,0.000413957],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.047275167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009252662,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26383522,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011718899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013400761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95906913},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001707187","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.05.007","title":"The Diavik Waste Rock Project: Measurement of the thermal regime of a waste-rock test pile in a permafrost environment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Waterloo; BGC Engineering (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Permafrost; Bedrock; Geology; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.009273754155997148,"score_gpt":0.18171840371309422,"score_spread":0.17244464955709707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001707187","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95196766,0.00032314766,0.000019752646,0.00043933766,0.00003734798,0.0009367104,0.00005483053,0.000025370131,0.046195842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99696976,0.000018438912,0.000019349605,0.000020528416,0.00009658275,0.0011753322,0.000017517095,0.000030237956,0.0016522601],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982504,0.000030493964,0.00055209745,0.00030979677,0.00050798815,0.0003491875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984613,0.00009519536,0.00035195544,0.00097480876,0.00006457289,0.000052154657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022862034,0.00023149574,0.00025825907,0.00001892889,0.00014056843,0.000021206353,0.0005768788,0.00012848583,0.00018442496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029922046,0.00014522037,0.00011684063,0.00017657706,0.000088338136,0.000029228084,0.00019902679,0.00019543742,0.000051650975],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001496292,0.00025097944,0.0021784715,0.00008206434,0.000040723382,2.448712e-7,0.00035849417,0.019572541,0.9752717,0.0008284294,0.0006216433,0.0007797242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007653272,0.000023839668,0.0142619265,0.00009643961,0.000030529256,0.0000036761078,0.0021370926,0.0020751152,0.9718656,0.00024708992,0.008223404,0.00026994362],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002240423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013345602,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04500209,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008764026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082815495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5921915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003645762","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2009.06.001","title":"The effect of borehole inclination on fluid and ground temperature for GLHE systems","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada); Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Geology; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Computation; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.005566431069095986,"score_gpt":0.2313887629060797,"score_spread":0.22582233183698372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003645762","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943961,0.0006831089,0.00008606649,0.0005188103,0.00015619727,0.000524634,0.000020318945,0.00004349046,0.0035712847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978984,0.000035614616,0.000019663337,0.00009152405,0.00019379739,0.00010954912,0.00001656607,0.000018738021,0.0016161763],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993125,0.00006165644,0.00020822448,0.0001555669,0.00010994692,0.00015206335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992917,0.00024497428,0.000108468244,0.00027161615,0.00005082617,0.000032413674],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032107564,0.00012154439,0.0001648121,0.000028355644,0.00021827566,0.00005308605,0.000122039586,0.00010352951,0.0000018698701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034704768,0.00007516548,0.00005293735,0.000089442954,0.000038815462,0.00003713407,0.0000084009935,0.000061802464,0.0000041055837],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027464677,0.00006675365,0.00015298347,0.00013149447,0.00007831185,7.792064e-7,0.00029627833,0.07684043,0.061709166,0.7744032,0.0010622791,0.08498367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0061629503,0.0050523477,0.033178013,0.00041630535,0.00016475229,0.00004497366,0.0005448127,0.08942992,0.053155743,0.008841907,0.8019681,0.0010401934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00055021414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006154062,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8009058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023675786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000869578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30651593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004159477","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.03.021","title":"Thermal conductivity probe – Part II – An experimental analysis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Thermal contact conductance; Thermal resistance; Thermodynamics; Thermal; Sampling (signal processing); Thermal conductivity measurement; Mechanics; Composite material; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.03222865454735811,"score_gpt":0.28218438917717964,"score_spread":0.2499557346298215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004159477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927034,0.00026264455,0.002724272,0.00074469374,0.00034749962,0.00003993553,0.0000095572395,0.000011554919,0.0031564643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989133,0.000009399204,0.00023365059,0.00011476853,0.0004238466,0.000008389181,0.000009100703,0.000009818505,0.0002777555],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991241,0.00005314383,0.00028561737,0.000113013855,0.00032298008,0.000101162186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947363,0.000011657622,0.00003174387,0.00008411042,0.00023903375,0.00015984502],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021128966,0.00009727443,0.00018844847,0.00012771784,0.00005095914,0.000045360208,0.00017118013,0.000047983154,0.00020840841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000392674,0.00007510273,0.00012149907,0.000083429826,0.000045682576,0.00032718971,0.00001180272,0.00008750977,0.0000027381093],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007870577,0.0015651468,0.0115157645,0.000007883742,0.0039487584,0.00010933172,0.0062249564,0.15532207,0.6385536,0.17679289,0.00030565055,0.0048668487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014309123,0.0029765095,0.020812498,0.00013081392,0.0016621399,0.0006766951,0.007153981,0.026974242,0.4499608,0.0067623905,0.46696872,0.0016121013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00065027224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012568032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46666306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003616799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040059458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30626005},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004895712","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.043","title":"Borehole thermal energy storage system for heating applications: Thermodynamic performance assessment","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Exergy; Condenser (optics); Evaporator; Exergy efficiency; Thermal energy storage; Borehole; Heating system; Environmental science; Waste management; Thermodynamics; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.006406205401542258,"score_gpt":0.2101262379589703,"score_spread":0.20372003255742804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004895712","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08570443,0.0003291803,0.6543558,0.00041448153,0.0004572504,0.0007502544,0.000013039906,0.0005720077,0.25740352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98953795,0.00014952019,0.0016493446,0.00044136704,0.00019694229,0.0016979685,0.00009341048,0.000045747922,0.00618777],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986249,0.000074601965,0.0003167282,0.00045856324,0.00020807481,0.0003170876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915445,0.000054859367,0.00016311754,0.00045646355,0.00005599711,0.00011511903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026630922,0.0002365382,0.000235302,0.00012029507,0.00045689408,0.00006330354,0.00023474584,0.00008273773,0.000039122307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000011266928,0.00021399742,0.00008510055,0.00015103974,0.00004736305,0.00010793677,0.00012489903,0.00004971016,0.000010768599],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000150298965,0.00004795459,0.00004229269,0.00024330785,0.00007183084,5.914377e-7,0.000028670485,0.02431036,0.0010406318,0.8641799,0.00016099436,0.1098584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008257318,0.000058300695,0.0009891838,0.00006053194,0.00004237027,0.0000023570856,0.0003541256,0.39672238,0.00051186304,0.00015850748,0.6000343,0.00024035481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016090269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006486974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9038335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011618098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012488422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87265617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007105438","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.052","title":"Performance assessment of a novel hybrid district energy system","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Waste management; Heat pump; Electricity; Environmental science; Electricity generation; Engineering; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.008470751593512056,"score_gpt":0.19515998057012277,"score_spread":0.18668922897661072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007105438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87711895,0.00008185713,0.040924583,0.000005527616,0.00021351253,0.00010832648,0.000012184258,0.0002475709,0.081287466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973786,0.0000037687043,0.0018788563,0.000011494442,0.0003043909,0.00023449185,0.000020940804,0.00005729276,0.000110198605],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887264,0.0000064235564,0.00034491217,0.00016504724,0.00020628031,0.00040468219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993402,0.000036612,0.000121951714,0.00035418192,0.000025560368,0.00012152647],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001481883,0.00020738125,0.0002626225,0.00007427476,0.000058481306,0.00001114388,0.00020589508,0.000058907324,0.00003358587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018705307,0.00019210011,0.00007329332,0.00019092317,0.000017453247,0.00009598128,0.00005679316,0.00009368625,0.000012960029],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026378732,0.00006701182,0.0002327722,0.000087255685,0.000042395823,2.0942487e-7,0.000027454864,0.43626925,0.14127743,0.41946486,0.0000029912308,0.0025257308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010137015,0.000030271627,0.047480118,0.00011674507,0.00006247664,0.000039169056,0.000118217875,0.8401301,0.07789158,0.000001907953,0.03246593,0.0006498005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00053899037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013780223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41946295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000087233246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016951855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78336155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008802361","doi":"10.1061/9780784413272.359","title":"Experimental Characterization of Energy Output from a Model Geothermal Pile","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geothermal energy; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Thermal energy; Thermal; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.009645744887659227,"score_gpt":0.21911262554251248,"score_spread":0.20946688065485325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008802361","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90717876,0.000098560675,0.006936439,0.00027608758,0.00034092722,0.00022818372,0.00012615547,0.0004487453,0.08436613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955114,0.000013386217,0.00042944294,0.0004034903,0.0002234113,0.00022145426,0.0002344622,0.00006587349,0.0028970663],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824923,0.00008374207,0.00053608906,0.00047668832,0.00030184517,0.0003524096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99873334,0.00006343434,0.00027527218,0.00071161095,0.00006423364,0.00015210603],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012993094,0.0002726094,0.00040970393,0.00007702499,0.000107562315,0.000029372624,0.00043010502,0.00027802074,0.0006700862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021573156,0.0002492567,0.00017450174,0.00011076558,0.00017313486,0.0001239554,0.00011674843,0.00012765898,0.00008587746],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038706203,0.00015112407,0.00010588405,0.00000667656,0.000030177178,5.754609e-7,0.000034605167,0.014390741,0.9116561,0.06902494,0.00022484137,0.004335655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002737736,0.00027550798,0.02028203,0.0001632749,0.00010391509,0.000010377389,0.00009114315,0.15501805,0.42760602,0.0024415215,0.38984025,0.0014301738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041202544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023065301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48405007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004338458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000265482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008855783","doi":"10.1115/1.4027486","title":"Modeling of an Indirect Solar Assisted Heat Pump System for a High Performance Residential House","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Sizing; Nuclear engineering; Solar energy; Environmental science; Hybrid heat; Thermal; Engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Chemistry","score_opus":0.00951713678340177,"score_gpt":0.19393346979352993,"score_spread":0.18441633301012816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008855783","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7599562,0.000109382156,0.23932667,0.00001581064,0.00035156528,0.000043877175,0.0000033158926,0.00008678672,0.00010638486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99413574,0.000021020891,0.004882771,0.0000098347255,0.000775078,0.000023689332,0.0000052980367,0.00009882963,0.000047712616],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836445,0.000052439034,0.0008223622,0.00016945203,0.00030179298,0.00028951615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99896693,0.00005622725,0.00026668946,0.0003005673,0.0002616711,0.00014790506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006115586,0.00020756116,0.0005067458,0.00027575486,0.000104283274,0.000046218996,0.0003128269,0.00014884918,0.0000040426303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043816344,0.00019042418,0.00017482457,0.0001843242,0.000011633803,0.00034435088,0.00002772117,0.00016003872,0.0000010713119],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042549225,0.000036539896,0.000014701381,0.00016112687,0.000109628825,0.000002431056,0.000056373472,0.93401694,0.058101673,0.0056741396,0.0000031209568,0.001780768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007235451,0.00018070465,0.00027252748,0.00030333115,0.00006935083,0.000109375906,0.000050460138,0.9210571,0.075570986,0.000021558566,0.0014534862,0.0001875969],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015354203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008807593,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2344439,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009222884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045974335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7765273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010744989","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.11.037","title":"A semi-analytical method to generate g-functions for geothermal bore fields","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":188,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Extraction (chemistry); Thermal; Function (biology); Field (mathematics); Mechanics; Geometry; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.017074985673515775,"score_gpt":0.28225285199942085,"score_spread":0.26517786632590507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010744989","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14777507,0.00007140552,0.83452773,0.014374431,0.0004051711,0.00016413807,0.000027037366,0.000013063636,0.002641936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98811185,0.000015696463,0.005957407,0.0013044311,0.0007580566,0.00007417466,0.000007572926,0.000019002779,0.0037518332],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991318,0.000030593856,0.00037293407,0.00012201443,0.000197701,0.00014494138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992607,0.00008804405,0.000021430167,0.00007457223,0.00040747563,0.00014777684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017026458,0.0001048872,0.00017917846,0.00011679784,0.00005538307,0.00007784035,0.00016661202,0.00007360577,0.0005897955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012211888,0.000072852876,0.00015121594,0.000054776807,0.000017165225,0.00013757142,0.000008528909,0.00010163285,0.000021872951],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005556732,0.0004050042,0.0015282263,0.000052481733,0.0023192253,0.000033024728,0.0012277886,0.43516517,0.16417035,0.2571211,0.020302191,0.11711977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002620102,0.0004153417,0.0038181483,0.00008566189,0.00019485602,0.00030716485,0.00035611886,0.098340794,0.009602348,0.007160764,0.87668425,0.00041443843],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00089638156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007686347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8563821,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025105268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003215972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64578474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012148128","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.02.001","title":"Joint use of quasi-3D response model and spectral method to simulate borehole heat exchanger","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transfer function; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Joint (building); Mechanics; Function (biology); Field (mathematics); Thermal; Computer science; Mathematics; Geology; Physics; Engineering; Structural engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.038001819643818935,"score_gpt":0.2729484282476154,"score_spread":0.23494660860379646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012148128","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87464035,0.000025328854,0.12333397,0.00056976924,0.000035223326,0.00017343786,0.000027456023,0.0000648392,0.0011296445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95549387,0.0000057975003,0.039393984,0.000812285,0.0000918612,0.000037883347,0.0000045980614,0.00006166846,0.0040980773],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876475,0.00020008952,0.00031023793,0.00030020712,0.00014337197,0.00028136937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990129,0.00020336863,0.000070338014,0.0005095285,0.000058243197,0.00014565194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005506452,0.00017684906,0.00030105477,0.00011718149,0.000067194705,0.000032362816,0.00011373349,0.00010269141,0.000050281116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007208873,0.00016085959,0.000070758455,0.00016135075,0.000040815074,0.000076673154,0.000061555256,0.000079926074,0.000031258387],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013852952,0.00005205675,0.0000695517,0.00001670633,0.000016715803,7.243032e-7,0.00062264496,0.91063726,0.059835393,0.022531483,0.00008377422,0.0059951846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039679164,0.00011980091,0.0033854565,0.000029955958,0.000018913175,0.000007633867,0.000037154306,0.9147216,0.004981075,0.0016505258,0.074401006,0.00025007184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059669856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045504174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08393998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027463011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002190202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9020337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012437007","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.002","title":"Seasonal thermal energy storage with heat pumps and low temperatures in building projects—A comparative review","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":248,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Heat pump; Environmental science; Coefficient of performance; Renewable heat; Air source heat pumps; Meteorology; Volume (thermodynamics); Energy storage; Hybrid heat; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.013169273976644427,"score_gpt":0.24433010198080518,"score_spread":0.23116082800416077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012437007","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19918454,0.73903763,0.0035518084,0.0012120492,0.00009017506,0.0014008618,0.000007578769,0.00020294149,0.055312444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90187776,0.077688,0.00041004884,0.0016973664,0.00021607336,0.0010364164,0.000044635766,0.000062296844,0.016967373],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99719435,0.0005369761,0.0005960483,0.00069296325,0.00022413098,0.00075552793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884224,0.0001086139,0.00018251238,0.00049883086,0.00014204007,0.00022576028],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00088821206,0.0004751393,0.00112988,0.00015027626,0.00034465655,0.00013249596,0.00021040003,0.00012559441,0.000054260418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004702427,0.0003353105,0.00008907777,0.0006830309,0.000122056656,0.00031266836,0.00012431969,0.00015918884,0.0000018770729],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016187996,0.00037661046,0.0012976509,0.009769249,0.00018833925,0.0001334175,0.0006326578,0.12758358,0.0068973056,0.81218207,0.004232183,0.036545034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006771267,0.00014170466,0.00019571537,0.0026519536,0.00005319331,0.0000686826,0.00035378075,0.008776187,0.0006789971,0.0004783605,0.9853831,0.00054123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.050744724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031669573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98115087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008770911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011922271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999099},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014884832","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12196","title":"Geothermal Waste Heat Utilization from In Situ Thermal Bitumen Recovery Operations","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Piping; Borehole; Extraction (chemistry); Asphalt; Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Thermal energy; Drilling; Energy recovery; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Chemistry; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.017584729175333498,"score_gpt":0.2180250165937895,"score_spread":0.20044028741845601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014884832","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97405547,0.00003036721,0.002574245,0.00056857424,0.00020687481,0.00014008398,0.000008169236,0.00007554641,0.022340668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948459,0.0000052963346,0.00015018991,0.00045442354,0.00046441142,0.00012099396,0.0002900282,0.000041215702,0.003627498],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880224,0.00012620856,0.00031524856,0.00030577555,0.00013502275,0.00031551404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994827,0.00002833185,0.000018679933,0.0003750756,0.00003319119,0.00006202776],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015823047,0.00016859382,0.00018376045,0.000079214245,0.0001384433,0.00010883245,0.0001659813,0.00011781444,0.00087957195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005550796,0.00012352553,0.000060153485,0.00009635014,0.000031099797,0.00028515994,0.000047787955,0.00009320976,0.0006606256],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027239392,0.00011845833,0.0008491233,0.0000088957995,0.000039165297,0.0000023913956,0.0013244805,0.5611595,0.41385636,0.014935165,0.00008372996,0.007595487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041588363,0.0002190261,0.061049573,0.00015017562,0.00008360465,0.000014393006,0.00088026037,0.1774241,0.26955405,0.009387117,0.47532925,0.0017496054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034543447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0090495,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47524554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049710812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011015723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9718856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2015165704","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12162","title":"Screening for Heat Transport by Groundwater in Closed Geothermal Systems","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hydraulic conductivity; Thermal conduction; Geothermal gradient; Groundwater flow; Groundwater; Advection; Geology; Aquifer; Groundwater model; Péclet number; Geotechnical engineering; Soil science; Thermal conductivity; Heat transfer; Metamorphic rock; Petrology; Mechanics; Geophysics; Soil water; Materials science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.014438084613258644,"score_gpt":0.21505009885613732,"score_spread":0.20061201424287867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2015165704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9457801,0.000064864886,0.04761236,0.00037277525,0.00035193135,0.00047466042,0.000014508433,0.00012589166,0.0052029127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865968,0.0000014904873,0.00021512143,0.0002444184,0.0003464964,0.0005673904,0.0002625301,0.00007047307,0.011695276],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99843866,0.000066001056,0.00042533805,0.0003628886,0.00015408154,0.00055305596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949443,0.000034927587,0.000031289997,0.00032214826,0.000031906748,0.0000853167],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036865537,0.00022002374,0.00030171717,0.00007241443,0.00014413072,0.00007038201,0.00019806731,0.00014923509,0.00012265237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000017098258,0.00015508987,0.000107529064,0.00006427972,0.000040610346,0.00016752421,0.000014332538,0.00009071397,0.00009136861],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00061579066,0.0010584418,0.018684488,0.0008666443,0.0004462797,0.000019276937,0.005117834,0.4117084,0.3271711,0.21219672,0.004550556,0.017564462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018927614,0.00009079145,0.0035643883,0.000052049774,0.000022087987,0.000012221544,0.00013358022,0.019289816,0.0044131856,0.00058582553,0.96948886,0.0004544355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.040164597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010089213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9649383,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037444355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000460461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96622705},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016450805","doi":"10.1139/t07-049","title":"Indirect methods to assess the solid particle thermal conductivity of Quebec marine clays","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Quartz; Soil water; Mineralogy; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Fraction (chemistry); Particle size; Geology; Soil science; Composite material; Chemistry","score_opus":0.04501176906724427,"score_gpt":0.32343991421990154,"score_spread":0.27842814515265724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016450805","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9504951,0.000065529384,0.03572216,0.004191576,0.0002719404,0.0002374912,0.000010080458,0.000048826005,0.008957251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952134,0.000002476554,0.0028638106,0.0008000492,0.00031821648,0.000017654844,0.0000017402774,0.00002618312,0.00075645564],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982703,0.00024317372,0.0005048421,0.00018297363,0.00021092474,0.00058779406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99819845,0.00025533198,0.0001677968,0.0004288718,0.00015211132,0.00079742045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002472337,0.0001481965,0.00027255708,0.00012215783,0.0002942079,0.00006198465,0.0004962607,0.00016099146,0.00072973064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002190163,0.00010529625,0.00013797008,0.0004598464,0.00013105806,0.000088477886,0.000071416915,0.00050401967,0.000034151526],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059752696,0.00012505778,0.002406582,0.0000117399095,0.00020245535,0.0001039115,0.00040909695,0.16298306,0.2581312,0.09123976,0.0012481648,0.48307922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006611743,0.00017223183,0.32104427,0.000055526434,0.00009353097,0.0005878867,0.0006688959,0.0056215366,0.16187312,0.0033904193,0.5052035,0.0006279184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.49959862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.644944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5039553,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023933739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042331632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7990039},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018120365","doi":"10.7843/kgs.2014.30.4.93","title":"Evaluation of Thermal Response Test of Energy Pile","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Pile; Thermal conductivity; Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal energy; Materials science; Spiral (railway); Thermal; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geology; Composite material; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Geophysics; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01849843581463354,"score_gpt":0.2550789091664856,"score_spread":0.2365804733518521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018120365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99428743,0.00013728552,0.0016153943,0.0012673979,0.00011304213,0.00008170567,0.0000064891997,0.000014542958,0.0024766992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99903524,0.000013775934,0.000419962,0.000118652155,0.00019523763,0.0000071085587,7.6956417e-7,0.000018386116,0.00019084582],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974819,0.0005582237,0.0007551789,0.00010645767,0.0009453888,0.00015283994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970802,0.0006240478,0.001038008,0.0004825399,0.00070946384,0.000065740234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005400643,0.00011650534,0.000311697,0.000027141483,0.00008075891,0.000009524095,0.00054458115,0.00016845767,0.00009357732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010756549,0.00007195936,0.0006190745,0.0002622296,0.0001879612,0.0000752554,0.000091304595,0.00021335154,0.0000016028791],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015102941,0.000491428,0.00030476853,0.000025733907,0.00021317182,1.9381967e-7,0.00024321569,0.4879167,0.46825624,0.016317947,0.0018423303,0.024237242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005874982,0.0015849741,0.14867371,0.0006714603,0.0014785964,0.00010348365,0.00070649124,0.34028977,0.33241177,0.024388487,0.14311877,0.0006974788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005086499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022412207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14836895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000086004075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014843592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29344174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018310735","doi":"10.1139/t02-117","title":"Comportement d'un pieu bi-fonction, fondation et échangeur de chaleur","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":235,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger; Structural engineering; Displacement (psychology); Deformation (meteorology); Strain gauge; Materials science; Geology; Engineering; Composite material; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01922099010971412,"score_gpt":0.23735880863960038,"score_spread":0.21813781852988626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018310735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49314904,0.0019533748,0.28264526,0.047132816,0.0028761008,0.00139511,0.00011312132,0.0007486426,0.16998655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947891,0.00007006652,0.0009631244,0.0024227581,0.0002941252,0.000048890037,0.000019384937,0.00003564926,0.0013568989],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853706,0.00016280776,0.00039783947,0.00020470847,0.0001986082,0.00049895165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986126,0.0000256221,0.00015285182,0.00027642638,0.00011795501,0.00081453356],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007107006,0.00015683415,0.0001663988,0.0002001562,0.00037461563,0.0000951109,0.00021091236,0.00017059273,0.0016128814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000076895296,0.00015289545,0.00010574857,0.00026036086,0.000039396873,0.00010781518,0.000011340419,0.0004115724,0.00014491518],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009889715,0.00016542595,0.0011742512,0.000016160491,0.00014260063,0.00018581886,0.00022540009,0.16714577,0.0057580923,0.77085257,0.019802932,0.034521095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040291803,0.000043499014,0.007041536,0.000025028532,0.00002012429,0.00080720393,0.00009053535,0.0023545339,0.0004544898,0.0050068116,0.9835429,0.00021038995],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.064915895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036602765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000460297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005154703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99929976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018605260","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.028","title":"Modeling of a two-phase CO2-filled vertical borehole for geothermal heat pump applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat pump; Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Phase (matter); Geology; Materials science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger; Chemistry; Geophysics","score_opus":0.015914196169446542,"score_gpt":0.2521411591792395,"score_spread":0.23622696300979298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018605260","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39254883,0.00018237124,0.5295307,0.00041298865,0.00009665578,0.0013468663,0.000058137633,0.00035702507,0.07546641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98745406,0.0000104035835,0.00232967,0.00034748254,0.00033328915,0.008661377,0.00016750775,0.00009352444,0.00060271326],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981001,0.00002491642,0.0006570207,0.0004823198,0.00022673917,0.0005089183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987481,0.0000992083,0.00006519695,0.0007044263,0.00017087992,0.0002121428],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001070134,0.00028702058,0.00043537066,0.00010689526,0.00019571243,0.000041701474,0.00036402128,0.00016178876,0.00039676996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007072865,0.00026884227,0.00018149335,0.00027801603,0.000100098405,0.000090990296,0.00006717118,0.00008930494,0.00011012413],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023214074,0.00022865446,0.0000012997698,0.00001582624,0.000046725792,1.0631036e-7,0.000033444834,0.44046575,0.06366506,0.49101678,0.00008291752,0.004420197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003344592,0.000069552734,0.000008068883,0.000013094684,0.000058361893,0.0000037874581,0.00013410974,0.88862735,0.03065981,0.016537208,0.06014908,0.00039498278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019790435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037713363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5949052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044160166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053820226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021727068","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.007","title":"Geothermal energy recovery from underground mines","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"NOSM University; Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Waste management; Environmental science; Mining engineering; Engineering; Petroleum engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.011116336331819455,"score_gpt":0.22394515614633362,"score_spread":0.21282881981451415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021727068","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17130247,0.21477804,0.02253855,0.0023527574,0.0023787597,0.0013575114,0.000059216978,0.0010440893,0.5841886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.43862155,0.033558026,0.0011670262,0.0024852725,0.0018002721,0.0012085971,0.00025260175,0.00019703123,0.52070963],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971973,0.00019285337,0.0007734056,0.0007264947,0.00021419767,0.00089576055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99804056,0.00018352512,0.00032311815,0.0009931062,0.00015293782,0.00030673348],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048059897,0.00048028992,0.000884824,0.0001613128,0.00049045274,0.00022985456,0.0004066416,0.00032758527,0.00081236055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011638503,0.00039489122,0.00024531226,0.00046393124,0.00012535597,0.00042589585,0.0001865625,0.00015380212,0.000027380904],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049525686,0.00020142327,0.00016590797,0.0009655713,0.000202487,0.00006332662,0.000096252,0.0070961732,0.022259692,0.92326254,0.01062846,0.03500867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035803378,0.000040433617,0.000053484033,0.00014938542,0.00007772267,0.000023880739,0.0002838319,0.0006382729,0.001521194,0.027369553,0.9689932,0.00049103016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.306785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04428147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9583647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055473967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000115238465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022646423","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.08.023","title":"Thermal capacity effects in borehole ground heat exchangers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Grout; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Thermal; Heat pump; TRNSYS; Transient (computer programming); Materials science; Heat capacity; NTU method; Cylinder; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geology; Plate heat exchanger; Micro heat exchanger; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.008839447377981154,"score_gpt":0.19602662977972257,"score_spread":0.18718718240174143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022646423","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98437566,0.00037259108,0.00023344917,0.00038275274,0.00010401617,0.00008684924,9.72657e-7,0.000070815644,0.014372906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99692315,0.00002795115,0.0003412241,0.00058308616,0.000178396,0.00025692052,0.0000060707835,0.000025498077,0.001657677],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990521,0.00005367405,0.00018160649,0.00028544583,0.00010821912,0.00031893342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995644,0.00006665879,0.00003636536,0.00019855596,0.000024142311,0.00010983853],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093941446,0.0001739158,0.00019629263,0.00008699602,0.0001159447,0.00006234602,0.00012509874,0.00012524889,0.0002011517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010034962,0.00014846119,0.000046454945,0.0001891419,0.00007709634,0.00021254906,0.00004689965,0.00008715715,0.000029498551],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015431713,0.00016434067,0.0032421078,0.00007665596,0.00005629603,0.000011631274,0.0011296073,0.01817816,0.20124036,0.7248846,0.0009440524,0.0500567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029452916,0.00023369622,0.20389895,0.00028777742,0.000039025457,0.000042915563,0.00041015728,0.016130537,0.053963054,0.02133224,0.69917935,0.0015370122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12900147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018697922,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7035524,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000309347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007154475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87679857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022953208","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.040","title":"Sustainability and policy for the thermal use of shallow geothermal energy","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Policy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":257,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt","keywords":"Aquifer; Sustainability; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Groundwater; Resource (disambiguation); Hydrogeology; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Sustainable development; Environmental quality; Environmental resource management; Environmental economics; Environmental planning; Water resource management; Natural resource economics; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Geology; Ecology; Computer science; Economics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.014938550151847689,"score_gpt":0.2512957044658739,"score_spread":0.2363571543140262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2022953208","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91661483,0.0010261942,0.0082406085,0.04533506,0.00023240646,0.0010647963,0.00011960261,0.0003721746,0.026994294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9803378,0.00007065251,0.0002044569,0.0016570055,0.0010896324,0.0009736832,0.00001659358,0.00007190241,0.015578291],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818856,0.00013321803,0.0005045367,0.00037492465,0.00019552093,0.0006032323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99788964,0.0005774714,0.00023466017,0.00081157853,0.0003063927,0.00018025438],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016092087,0.00029758472,0.0003595802,0.00019853008,0.00027752935,0.00010537819,0.0003834785,0.00017344965,0.00016023591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026391455,0.00020724017,0.00020148965,0.00042594568,0.00033277224,0.00027062694,0.00014671305,0.00007712164,0.0000052636674],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018646346,0.00006753876,0.00038858003,0.000023248467,0.00008405214,2.79148e-7,0.0001913247,0.044452906,0.0021367818,0.8894188,0.00040610152,0.06281178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088231225,0.00011292277,0.05879802,0.000016950178,0.000040883162,0.000013404901,0.0002507332,0.03620525,0.0024353054,0.030457284,0.87032545,0.0004615168],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6434894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004422009,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8699193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000108850465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029324292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8451009},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023657285","doi":"10.2495/sdp-v1-n4-429-442","title":"Optimization of low-enthalpy geothermal heating schemes by means of genetic algorithms","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Enthalpy; Geothermal gradient; Genetic algorithm; Algorithm; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Geology; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.006911476217024139,"score_gpt":0.22365467782497567,"score_spread":0.21674320160795152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023657285","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9401889,0.0008008205,0.056744896,0.000058804882,0.000087931236,0.000054387052,0.0000036217675,0.0000065592417,0.0020540874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96934277,0.000017676188,0.029564803,0.000015438929,0.0001296273,0.0000044983926,0.000023163251,0.000012742489,0.0008892741],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987614,0.000020985355,0.0006551779,0.00008718184,0.00033093352,0.00014430846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986437,0.000046266312,0.00056280335,0.00004447283,0.00066785346,0.000034906443],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022154521,0.00009874155,0.00018431705,0.00019330475,0.00005793033,0.000029380439,0.00016427266,0.000048260234,0.000055304146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002581733,0.00009107815,0.000039966293,0.00010444619,0.000032493987,0.00015780555,0.000034862573,0.00006600797,3.1013292e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046639627,0.000088271234,0.011382189,0.0000675165,0.00015236135,0.000059719565,0.0011838889,0.9736288,0.001923888,0.0059985844,0.00013893293,0.0053291884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010262574,0.00042281402,0.11664395,0.0033471237,0.00018374612,0.00065044494,0.06543079,0.43821007,0.23323499,0.0032228676,0.12654994,0.0018406956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00080937217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000032307773,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53541875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005433899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009667219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37140593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026215755","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2014-0301","title":"Centrifuge modelling of heating effects on energy pile performance in saturated sand","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Centrifuge; Geotechnical engineering; Settlement (finance); Dynamic load testing; Head (geology); Bearing capacity; Geology; Structural engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.01038883110317569,"score_gpt":0.19372678990818074,"score_spread":0.18333795880500506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026215755","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98035026,0.00017412557,0.009590807,0.0005240761,0.0001893833,0.00010052346,0.000004665912,0.000038254275,0.009027926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989729,0.00003615065,0.00027274608,0.0003343074,0.0002302794,0.000012212277,0.0000055388123,0.000023634322,0.000112241905],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871796,0.00009675247,0.00041483872,0.00017308012,0.00016604713,0.00043132523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990139,0.00010637012,0.00013342316,0.00029333637,0.00006238448,0.00039060498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003123865,0.0001395807,0.00024714466,0.00025461495,0.00015235478,0.000030069345,0.00029187318,0.00017026204,0.000049001304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006837931,0.00012590391,0.00006952045,0.00030556775,0.00003206728,0.00006342022,0.00001636069,0.00038453913,0.000010612529],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000104553865,0.000014183515,0.0001699378,0.000013174425,0.0000074175223,0.0000075828607,0.000016939783,0.96252865,0.0007280251,0.018827613,0.00006434612,0.017611684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064031297,0.00014602483,0.0020464386,0.00037905938,0.000008116279,0.00004868836,0.0000105174295,0.9291486,0.0050775735,0.0012030484,0.061073687,0.0002179312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.108914554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012556536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09635802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018252367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014529366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89701927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026448898","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.07.006","title":"Analytical g-function for inclined boreholes in ground-source heat pump systems","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Function (biology); Heat pump; Parameterized complexity; Field (mathematics); Generalization; Pile; Parametrization (atmospheric modeling); Geology; Mechanics; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Algorithm; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Heat exchanger; Optics","score_opus":0.03501902893040065,"score_gpt":0.24003819835300333,"score_spread":0.20501916942260268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026448898","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9491626,0.00018901756,0.023939764,0.0001750743,0.0004555403,0.0006400483,0.000023500723,0.00023700511,0.025177443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926209,0.00000761015,0.00016173733,0.00019570478,0.00030483474,0.00032771574,0.000036578705,0.000062823055,0.006282127],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872905,0.00005332163,0.00042854637,0.00031616676,0.00012692515,0.00034596102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993171,0.0000626462,0.00007670246,0.00038969234,0.000065874,0.000087947556],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027061757,0.00018226309,0.00026699275,0.000116872514,0.00009707651,0.000037113037,0.00019378516,0.00017320583,0.00010176932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021753081,0.00016672326,0.00010208277,0.0002306647,0.00005442339,0.000092593815,0.00003013552,0.0001019278,0.00008418891],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024288913,0.00040642684,0.004523611,0.00012168264,0.00012268774,0.000004344774,0.0010462665,0.19250424,0.0013511893,0.7913876,0.00030797897,0.00798107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019985223,0.00022198194,0.018770661,0.0001046935,0.00008466742,0.000025894738,0.0012603118,0.5387619,0.00032047136,0.0058386857,0.43193066,0.00068151986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027426431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019091162,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7855489,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073325056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029223973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97905004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026768054","doi":"10.1007/s11053-010-9119-8","title":"High Potential Regions for Enhanced Geothermal Systems in Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural Resources Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; NGC Aerospace (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Population; Electric power; Environmental science; Electricity generation; Drilling; Geology; Thermal energy; Hydrology (agriculture); Engineering; Power (physics); Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.018444418016759282,"score_gpt":0.28592468437868357,"score_spread":0.2674802663619243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026768054","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993669,0.00032045945,0.000050437364,0.00086927693,0.0006717175,0.0005344311,0.00003194326,0.00003586417,0.0038168682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865546,0.000007376622,0.000097441625,0.00004172684,0.00069543376,0.0005455294,0.00002784545,0.00003998228,0.011990017],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99764204,0.00015033645,0.0003340236,0.00038919627,0.00071320165,0.0007712133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864185,0.00034480868,0.000068404595,0.00046901157,0.00031272505,0.00016321256],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056656485,0.0001502811,0.00023078843,0.00019581412,0.00030969238,0.00009558617,0.000564771,0.00015468676,0.00013701053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018497613,0.00012604089,0.00006325909,0.0004715575,0.00009944825,0.00006947711,0.00008116635,0.0009049439,0.000028989418],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002882085,0.000096085525,0.00020438053,0.0001465378,0.00006893936,0.000036512854,0.00044525173,0.11796796,0.5677354,0.2934627,0.0046627033,0.014885356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015698099,0.000061480554,0.011747816,0.000070028465,0.0000061943792,0.000023135093,0.0015416989,0.037124023,0.011725755,0.0013077724,0.9343603,0.00046194502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.991165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98396885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92969763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025857994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004529863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51397985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027850947","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2012.03.014","title":"Short-term simulation of ground heat exchanger with an improved TRCM","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":138,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Borehole; Computation; Thermal; Term (time); Thermal resistance; Mechanics; Function (biology); Heat transfer; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.02163461021019118,"score_gpt":0.24931921362790802,"score_spread":0.22768460341771685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027850947","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.950522,0.00050932035,0.026926933,0.000027947926,0.00019482979,0.00012977881,0.000010373107,0.00016283807,0.021515986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939109,0.000015719404,0.00043503288,0.000053376578,0.0005271956,0.00010713993,0.00010057761,0.00006116214,0.00478887],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987755,0.00006515593,0.00030267838,0.00025299663,0.00019561769,0.00040808937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989945,0.00004557962,0.00008223183,0.0005653378,0.000115334275,0.00019700559],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012763828,0.00020810758,0.00026988718,0.000090120804,0.00010134274,0.000024670488,0.0001657147,0.00013175333,0.00020491869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005477271,0.00016918204,0.000057468107,0.0003055036,0.000047593345,0.00038155983,0.000031594755,0.000042310818,0.0000054500474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004227696,0.00016888697,0.0007827753,0.00001778691,0.000041768842,4.786195e-7,0.00017477974,0.94360423,0.04689575,0.004510984,0.000010073895,0.0037502046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017595325,0.0006919701,0.018968003,0.00012531082,0.00017639027,0.00003692418,0.00052232435,0.68128383,0.10554977,0.000617301,0.18892571,0.0013429504],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11505138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007964123,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26232043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004848958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026758908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89084154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028335661","doi":"10.3384/ecp110571329","title":"Economic Performance of Ground Source Heat Pump: Does It Pay Off?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Linköping electronic conference proceedings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Computer science; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.015543192248809378,"score_gpt":0.21052895485074777,"score_spread":0.1949857626019384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028335661","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9677712,0.00007876399,0.00016103053,0.00030504257,0.00008924936,0.00017202845,0.0000019481647,0.00014242964,0.031278327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99455667,0.00025588015,0.00010868997,0.00009267584,0.00016740625,0.00012111693,0.0000057136003,0.000040854757,0.00465102],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832547,0.0000086445925,0.00047845754,0.0004219328,0.00013784395,0.00062764256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928075,0.000020282754,0.00020638791,0.00021929524,0.00018178385,0.00009149989],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023467733,0.00024777636,0.00033416616,0.00009888985,0.0001470359,0.00005229399,0.0004538611,0.00014693344,0.0006193811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013257655,0.00018142517,0.00008409105,0.00016608584,0.000106641746,0.00028709325,0.0000729924,0.00029643986,0.000104695275],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016633392,0.00020877025,0.020539707,0.000447763,0.000276867,5.2371445e-7,0.011672462,0.0013434344,0.049634703,0.8731823,0.00012134491,0.042405773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024965878,0.0015175913,0.026855191,0.00101793,0.00024961837,0.00010608694,0.005087105,0.22809182,0.2395262,0.0186176,0.47384533,0.0025889375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063255997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00086540054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8545647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013307558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023651717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9562457},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028801992","doi":"10.1139/t03-046","title":"Calibration of thermal conductivity sensors with consideration of hysteresis","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Hysteresis; Suction; Calibration; Materials science; Wetting; Thermal conductivity; Porosity; Capillary action; Porous medium; Conductivity; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.01774549890551194,"score_gpt":0.21444088573444506,"score_spread":0.19669538682893312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028801992","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920555,0.00004733849,0.003399937,0.00042007153,0.00004940972,0.00010744033,0.00001440258,0.000013264518,0.003892665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992287,0.0000026279429,0.00049998873,0.00006439515,0.000039165396,0.000006106627,0.000002965338,0.000015132712,0.00014092696],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903417,0.0001430983,0.00035793308,0.00011324457,0.00015869942,0.00019284736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910474,0.000052708467,0.00023457942,0.00020000436,0.00016409543,0.00024387112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024394291,0.00009791255,0.0002065406,0.00012077691,0.00010883593,0.000020584474,0.0000859667,0.00011784598,0.00034281172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000767711,0.000078836994,0.00006176903,0.00017163792,0.000120228964,0.0001163274,0.0000036776296,0.00017133952,0.0000024093579],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028072438,0.00006744057,0.0015404905,0.000027047909,0.000107173015,0.000028817096,0.00014925255,0.6627743,0.09344947,0.24005057,0.00026582816,0.0015115377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007206967,0.0017094216,0.06272563,0.00084994937,0.00049756095,0.00500118,0.0029878558,0.069400035,0.6961414,0.016547797,0.13446021,0.0024719506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.057226438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.029470982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60269195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006318129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046799722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98823863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029128484","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2011.652175","title":"Comparing vertical ground heat exchanger models","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Superposition principle; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Range (aeronautics); Thermal; Field (mathematics); Engineering; Structural engineering; Mathematics; Meteorology; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mathematical analysis; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.05920773933652412,"score_gpt":0.28811033175631356,"score_spread":0.22890259241978944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029128484","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97019136,0.00023808103,0.027514126,0.000046765268,0.00034160446,0.000043214,1.6271291e-7,0.000020153275,0.00160453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99795896,0.000017791708,0.0009373899,0.000046848054,0.00095820666,0.0000031262614,0.000001247226,0.000018527659,0.000057904363],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989724,0.000028729233,0.00042263712,0.0000674522,0.00026024363,0.0002485175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994674,0.00005912092,0.00011191063,0.00012444815,0.00012176276,0.00011537523],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039300413,0.00010222468,0.00019403604,0.000115369985,0.00012911053,0.000033197757,0.00010760642,0.00006528145,0.000044411787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013002612,0.000085960455,0.00007778572,0.00014192265,0.000018834908,0.0011049991,0.000022632334,0.00014512367,0.000014276993],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002738907,0.0000458945,0.0090467855,0.000016416669,0.000019058945,2.2746622e-7,0.00034344193,0.97885334,0.0034677705,0.006231201,0.0000099507615,0.0019385025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000356534,0.000036037643,0.029983897,0.00006924838,0.000024061153,0.00002545847,0.000034604815,0.9627236,0.0012222771,0.0001750476,0.0052436306,0.00010561076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011847987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037738394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027767595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000096176176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013204921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35053656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030211401","doi":"10.1139/s03-018","title":"Groundwater treatment for high temperature heat recovery","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Aquifer; Environmental science; Clogging; Groundwater; Thermal energy storage; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Petroleum engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.0053042741566296375,"score_gpt":0.17790135110101873,"score_spread":0.17259707694438908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030211401","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990308,0.00021779796,0.00033162118,0.00004606569,0.00017576896,0.00004206255,0.0000027999743,0.0000043420505,0.0001487371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973523,0.00007494532,0.0019112444,0.000017804521,0.00006091263,0.0000068739455,4.836351e-7,0.0000073163096,0.00056809897],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953115,0.000004601778,0.00014037614,0.000093069015,0.00010355894,0.00012724835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979246,0.000019014095,0.000031850253,0.00007290311,0.000005337788,0.00007846682],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014427402,0.00007497881,0.00009928024,0.000052952346,0.00009032688,0.000035857058,0.000060635957,0.00002462396,0.000025404885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008640861,0.000052807856,0.000038521644,0.00005111935,0.000044940884,0.00014200783,0.000005717951,0.000035992245,0.0000015960696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000720656,0.000071017465,0.000103454746,0.000004732981,0.00001650737,0.0000024476524,0.00007503351,0.23390365,0.75632685,0.008100619,0.00001010286,0.0013783935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044438266,0.0033239524,0.040006783,0.0001555939,0.00011459179,0.0014774235,0.00074950204,0.009029028,0.6163542,0.001339578,0.32201758,0.0009879126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003848518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000013365592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32200748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009523309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012666318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21534419},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030411956","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2012.08.021","title":"Modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry as a latent storage material","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Solar Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"TRNSYS; Slurry; Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Solar energy; Storage tank; Nuclear engineering; Latent heat; Thermal energy; Process engineering; Thermal; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Environmental engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.022678056399487313,"score_gpt":0.23576415876217674,"score_spread":0.21308610236268943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030411956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.872824,0.00035877374,0.12525539,0.000034615805,0.0002813905,0.00006836347,0.000014064082,0.000073661235,0.0010897323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951656,0.000042087428,0.0040707444,0.00007176494,0.00028983544,0.000028668717,0.00005810762,0.000052803607,0.00022042205],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882483,0.00010264762,0.0003533284,0.00022027775,0.0001781351,0.00032080183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939156,0.000013864168,0.000092075585,0.00027989162,0.00008428912,0.00013833446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018288718,0.00018273179,0.0002561235,0.00008840689,0.00017717178,0.000042583404,0.00010093175,0.00016007596,0.00013933524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001318938,0.00017630142,0.00006638341,0.00015810289,0.000033406694,0.00026150869,0.000073515504,0.000061102415,0.0000040660075],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023888739,0.00006740718,0.00004393871,0.000021999505,0.00004347363,9.671999e-7,0.0001716945,0.9299414,0.056210313,0.012975891,0.0000018900347,0.0004971225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003201527,0.000024297007,0.0000558726,0.000042290736,0.00005133884,0.000036210688,0.000098683246,0.9869454,0.009539009,0.000095195755,0.002582858,0.00020872687],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036442492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018425928,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12234155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049279635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033727374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9699739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030806930","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.018","title":"Examination of thermal interaction of multiple vertical ground heat exchangers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat flux; Mechanics; Heat pump; Thermal; Thermal conduction; Fluent; Transient (computer programming); Finite volume method; Heat transfer; Engineering; Computer simulation; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.02014662283059896,"score_gpt":0.23236541456370197,"score_spread":0.212218791733103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030806930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92976356,0.00007869233,0.0020980295,0.000018433455,0.00016179626,0.000058990572,0.0000027073013,0.0000401032,0.06777772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991812,0.00000839727,0.00017082586,0.000040136056,0.00022093685,0.00011499953,0.00003976843,0.000028167544,0.00019557489],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990557,0.00004558005,0.00033477866,0.0001454286,0.00018444439,0.00023410188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994177,0.00010934042,0.00007890565,0.0002669447,0.00004922867,0.000077834775],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014553571,0.00012954768,0.00020962006,0.00008598846,0.000041102896,0.0000052955647,0.00011478353,0.000108265536,0.00020797523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010395833,0.00011992545,0.00006799962,0.00017858298,0.00006533034,0.00012112057,0.000037037953,0.000053326716,0.000018882367],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003812739,0.00028166885,0.00021002906,0.000026653319,0.00004914314,1.0756387e-7,0.00064672367,0.01881908,0.52986175,0.42443442,0.00001974218,0.025612548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013154864,0.0001037891,0.06891841,0.000043892425,0.00007757023,0.000006913291,0.0013233799,0.010228225,0.86455286,0.00046752684,0.052504692,0.00045727091],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008757318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023513589,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4239669,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003980648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008292835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99784344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032147700","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2007.0260","title":"Analytical Solution of Heat Pulse Method in a Parallelepiped Sample Space with Inclined Needles","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; China Agricultural University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Parallelepiped; Thermal diffusivity; Adiabatic process; Materials science; Thermal conductivity; Line source; Thermal; Mechanics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optics; Geometry; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemistry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.022198722502515665,"score_gpt":0.2861367866099139,"score_spread":0.26393806410739823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032147700","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81704044,0.0000845745,0.17843488,0.0020999573,0.000038724385,0.00008886297,0.0000050540143,0.000019002495,0.0021884767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8900866,0.00013701114,0.109523885,0.000109554676,0.000051387167,0.000005241317,0.0000011761216,0.00000826412,0.00007686204],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832577,0.00007788715,0.00043827266,0.00021529071,0.000580941,0.0003618532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898934,0.00013102077,0.0002718593,0.00020776276,0.00024232287,0.00015767913],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077262416,0.000119610624,0.00033931268,0.00009911068,0.00032035387,0.000016237327,0.00032557308,0.000052384617,0.00007366749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008585624,0.00009011614,0.00017601246,0.0015603993,0.0013846704,0.00022188762,0.00005115371,0.00020991065,0.0000023125651],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010064492,0.0004642257,0.027330015,0.000032010576,0.000086815206,0.0000044172702,0.012120661,0.89939654,0.04571465,0.002970392,0.00059261045,0.0111869965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00182902,0.0005749409,0.08101903,0.00013926523,0.000043463897,0.00035060474,0.01557041,0.88773507,0.006527392,0.0012662067,0.0045077787,0.0004368112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03145192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019290991,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07304615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009637421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045401242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9749977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034047502","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2015.01.001","title":"Heat transfer in a U-Bend pipe: Dean number versus Reynolds number","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Reynolds number; Turbulence; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Vortex; Heat flux; Physics; Thermodynamics; Materials science","score_opus":0.018397800333944635,"score_gpt":0.2860389161086258,"score_spread":0.2676411157746812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034047502","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76076835,0.00028679654,0.002541718,0.0009654474,0.000247531,0.00016507873,0.0000058559435,0.00077524123,0.23424396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912742,0.0001662893,0.00041349127,0.000052490235,0.000037220696,0.00034846424,0.00002269623,0.000044614553,0.007640547],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982295,0.00004408485,0.00032411082,0.0004595638,0.00025049518,0.0006922267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992361,0.0000446504,0.000020632388,0.0004795903,0.00011685594,0.00010215834],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002041672,0.00026904806,0.0002857866,0.00012676552,0.00014636725,0.000102301055,0.00031885938,0.00033768208,0.000113135175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004124071,0.00025319867,0.00005737774,0.00062690425,0.00013458623,0.00028024544,0.00028626047,0.00020520465,0.000019725612],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092560826,0.00013788245,0.0027527674,0.00003492892,0.00005668724,0.0001005675,0.00007495769,0.0018948534,0.0001127829,0.965526,0.00081588683,0.028400127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0060009933,0.00026842795,0.0007529715,0.00007337105,0.000048064434,0.000048511265,0.06468303,0.0027685985,0.0077109365,0.059476953,0.8571879,0.0009802371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030632468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001864057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9060491,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020278756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000117524614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999992},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040355178","doi":"10.1139/t11-036","title":"Determination of thermal diffusivity of soil using infrared thermal imaging","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal; Infrared; Thermography; Environmental science; Materials science; Geology; Optics; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.02152262964337936,"score_gpt":0.2252457801061355,"score_spread":0.20372315046275613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040355178","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824326,0.00008517549,0.0055534253,0.00006341326,0.00011132775,0.00008188141,0.000014702843,0.00002052978,0.011636931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99826914,0.000004282649,0.0014272603,0.000072920564,0.00011273708,0.0000048428874,0.0000020112966,0.000025773188,0.000081036065],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987487,0.00008236144,0.00051791477,0.00013632824,0.00018367817,0.0003309809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988269,0.000027644694,0.00035253685,0.00028232974,0.00018351729,0.0003270396],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029445338,0.0001335727,0.00023980362,0.00022472974,0.00013963046,0.000016135316,0.00032788102,0.00012597807,0.0005264608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050141243,0.00012248264,0.00014729005,0.00019786107,0.00015011104,0.00015331087,0.000033076973,0.00025456003,0.000004721008],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000094018986,0.0003840579,0.015911555,0.00009539852,0.00015278556,0.00020437135,0.0020159904,0.14273681,0.53151333,0.03137349,0.00008561005,0.27543256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026747014,0.0002461251,0.4041683,0.000586334,0.00028362972,0.0012790391,0.0008603782,0.48904607,0.07820581,0.010324636,0.0109206475,0.0014043222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.20952861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011105466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45330754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011681281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003379462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79573524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040732376","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.11.005","title":"New energy and exergy parameters for geothermal district heating systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Exergy; Environmental science; Heating system; Geothermal energy; Summer season; Winter season; Environmental engineering; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Waste management; Climatology; Engineering; Geology; Geography; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01079179704082885,"score_gpt":0.18021429274701087,"score_spread":0.169422495706182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040732376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77685165,0.0009967961,0.20950128,0.000052066713,0.00035495943,0.00047340244,0.000018254193,0.00061824295,0.011133332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99342567,0.000024670937,0.004377988,0.000054747154,0.00041618577,0.0004899323,0.000026784113,0.00010907143,0.0010749634],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861276,0.000010361884,0.00036383618,0.0003732266,0.0001568144,0.0004830055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922025,0.00014002193,0.000096845455,0.0003062657,0.000023854198,0.00021274218],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000081336926,0.0003047898,0.00033910698,0.00008612331,0.00019968208,0.00004731423,0.00018418889,0.00013270596,0.000021073107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009648473,0.00029712572,0.00008647249,0.00017656875,0.000029809918,0.000081768354,0.00004477433,0.00008333444,0.000008031043],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016859047,0.000012187065,0.00002701424,0.00003355508,0.00006204,0.0000026756295,0.00012773882,0.73974454,0.027009547,0.2245493,0.000053236563,0.008361309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003372314,0.00012924918,0.0035706877,0.00012430197,0.000095845324,0.00022120633,0.00026770847,0.7241458,0.0231968,0.00032094424,0.24268478,0.0018703331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007837323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000022882099,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24263154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043552172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002981083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999481},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041637534","doi":"10.1680/geolett.14.00073","title":"The physical nature of thermal conduction in dry granular media","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Géotechnique Letters","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"New Mexico State University","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Thermal conduction; Materials science; Electrical conductor; Composite material; Granular material; Thermal; Conductivity; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.011659167409468802,"score_gpt":0.23407931210403876,"score_spread":0.22242014469456997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041637534","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99124694,0.00006932931,0.00058805605,0.006121716,0.00013526433,0.0001528612,0.000002389695,0.00008627316,0.0015971608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99867976,0.0000035070339,0.00028133154,0.0006327027,0.00021564796,0.00012014669,0.000007891326,0.000017745948,0.000041273008],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926066,0.00008506538,0.00017254241,0.00014086688,0.00017637797,0.00016449265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994716,0.000060481198,0.00008222666,0.0003099063,0.000034795772,0.000040986568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024012891,0.000097156706,0.00013260523,0.000046609486,0.000041743562,0.000010788541,0.0002090633,0.00013475462,0.000003599537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029171988,0.000068114765,0.000057068246,0.00020491306,0.000115310126,0.000058656733,0.000026882088,0.00031524507,0.000009529288],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004106204,0.000091466754,0.0008214056,0.000014416036,0.000020848955,0.000008969231,0.001257103,0.016846245,0.8123408,0.1551879,0.0023397037,0.011030045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017362175,0.00010085419,0.02683886,0.00013510667,0.0000409492,0.000020723868,0.0009784342,0.005547956,0.59802604,0.021859175,0.3439066,0.00080906885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002937748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036009357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34156692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035828743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015915537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4441016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042516391","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.08.007","title":"Impact of soil heterogeneity on the functioning of horizontal ground heat exchangers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Spatial heterogeneity; Homogeneity (statistics); Heat exchanger; Soil science; Hydraulic conductivity; Environmental science; Thermal; Heat transfer; Finite element method; Soil water; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Mathematics; Engineering; Ecology; Structural engineering; Statistics; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.020642495031948937,"score_gpt":0.24068412786903792,"score_spread":0.220041632837089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042516391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99036586,0.000052581825,0.00011790922,0.00009445189,0.00008243771,0.00016243393,0.000014243446,0.00002673668,0.009083361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993189,0.000008932653,0.00002021073,0.000058685935,0.00010597678,0.000073642506,0.0000070699293,0.000028030809,0.00037853728],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992132,0.000051640036,0.00024601704,0.00014792309,0.00014782688,0.00019339401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992616,0.00007281689,0.00012243769,0.00042015818,0.000075968186,0.000047021615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001124475,0.00013457033,0.00018522904,0.00004226329,0.00008522144,0.00001728265,0.00017139113,0.00007269624,0.0007781291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010745143,0.00008639672,0.00018903191,0.00014311814,0.00008399872,0.000060704737,0.000026038644,0.00007628446,0.00008461902],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009915759,0.00056898844,0.016002458,0.00007616671,0.00074166874,0.0000010926815,0.0016080168,0.5380112,0.34580776,0.06741399,0.0010712917,0.028598228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027476554,0.0025049548,0.79780173,0.00031188029,0.00016732376,0.00005960268,0.0026111004,0.07888271,0.096963465,0.0055917865,0.010847715,0.0015100526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07980434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010056883,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7817993,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049400212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024751633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9263233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043352264","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.103","title":"Comparison of Borehole Thermal Resistance Values of Ground Heat Exchanger Obtained by Several Methods","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Grout; Environmental science; Thermal resistance; Thermal; Heat transfer; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Meteorology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.06583565098039455,"score_gpt":0.42021917561304567,"score_spread":0.3543835246326511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043352264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99060726,0.00083610724,0.00078458316,0.00023193983,0.00010842643,0.00045820122,0.000053453467,0.00003909838,0.006880901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790001,0.00004285597,0.014379616,0.00001582461,0.00008449539,0.0004496299,0.000050870676,0.000042559957,0.005934049],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973797,0.0007927254,0.0006190719,0.0003048711,0.00044508395,0.00045853693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983161,0.00032087343,0.00014865473,0.0005712148,0.000553677,0.000089450274],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010642547,0.00015762272,0.0005203708,0.00007723165,0.00012886038,0.0000421457,0.0003749237,0.000108593194,0.0012849693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011501101,0.0001334135,0.00004777968,0.00037034514,0.0002423226,0.00021404949,0.00012391094,0.00010923112,0.000049622304],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008665941,0.000113231625,0.000036055993,0.000142569,0.000028038836,2.3565036e-7,0.00044523756,0.002699301,0.98665506,0.0059634564,0.00080031605,0.0030298315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040724085,0.00008489138,0.0020841695,0.00006379568,0.0000046698547,3.608952e-7,0.00043442458,0.00024824782,0.96894586,0.0023725329,0.025216274,0.00013755546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014295031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011958542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.024415959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051329862,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028453931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046084566","doi":"10.1243/09576509jpe275","title":"Investigation of the energetic and exergetic performance of the Gonen geothermal district heating system","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power and Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Parametric statistics; Geothermal gradient; Heating system; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Process engineering; Coefficient of performance; Geothermal power; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Heat pump; Statistics; Physics","score_opus":0.005945300186644244,"score_gpt":0.17001741033444445,"score_spread":0.1640721101478002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046084566","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978681,0.00037168013,0.0002413755,0.0001811097,0.0002685913,0.000056147524,0.000004883694,0.000005897174,0.0010021736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996291,0.000043609667,0.00013173623,0.0000137134175,0.00007208291,0.000005998833,3.5848007e-7,0.000010681345,0.000092711],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860936,0.000022780087,0.0007845324,0.00010216176,0.00035116097,0.00012998149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986129,0.000036215435,0.0009089122,0.00012059249,0.00027337056,0.000048004946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036481093,0.00013508475,0.00031417652,0.00006018712,0.00010738897,0.000008868426,0.0003117711,0.00009094244,0.0000034754003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006504337,0.00007314675,0.0001593682,0.00031443857,0.00023239979,0.00012403296,0.00008701402,0.00012389007,4.54715e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005630242,0.000046977304,0.0020734149,0.0004086725,0.0000774624,9.628036e-8,0.00020604137,0.13964082,0.23332494,0.6236927,0.00005226344,0.0004203076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013445794,0.0002962196,0.026144173,0.0026774362,0.0002914969,0.00015717403,0.00069013156,0.054903686,0.9085481,0.0014105169,0.0032554036,0.00028105546],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008557724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012717351,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6752232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033833723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005276562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29828382},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047538642","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2014.11.001","title":"Stochastic interpretation of thermal response test with TRT-SInterp","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Geosciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal resistance; Thermal; Heat capacity; Heat exchanger; Grout; Thermal conductivity; Volumetric heat capacity; Line source; Heat transfer; Inversion (geology); Mechanics; Geology; Materials science; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Heat spreader; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural basin; Acoustics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.007196296315848867,"score_gpt":0.21693669127334075,"score_spread":0.2097403949574919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047538642","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73057616,0.000015586806,0.26689872,0.00022238483,0.00014975556,0.00007130736,0.0000021561934,0.000050232855,0.002013676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975462,2.0587191e-7,0.0019248339,0.00011714326,0.00005297396,0.000018413195,0.0000020101659,0.000008882515,0.00032932567],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908656,0.000094325565,0.00020889695,0.00023972862,0.00019625883,0.0001742336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990384,0.00044058863,0.00014746809,0.0002459415,0.00006724055,0.000060387127],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033738348,0.00010972524,0.0001551976,0.000090607646,0.00009845125,0.000043699372,0.0003468464,0.000029644005,0.000022498982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000661659,0.00007793771,0.000039813374,0.000263212,0.00025649596,0.00011635077,0.00004018335,0.000046611032,0.000021621692],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028109906,0.00016463673,0.0011248166,0.000021053836,0.000022725504,0.0000013132902,0.0026369288,0.85075027,0.031205177,0.020485971,0.000074570075,0.093231454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038000278,0.00067588664,0.041654527,0.00014966234,0.000013442582,0.000013958977,0.00027437008,0.95197034,0.0010293265,0.00030518635,0.0033233052,0.00021002197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010992177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001548064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26697004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013472899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037646754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31782076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047670198","doi":"10.3390/en7042573","title":"Implications of Spatial Variability in Heat Flow for Geothermal Resource Evaluation in Large Foreland Basins: The Case of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ; Helmholtz-Alberta Initiative; University of Alberta","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Aquifer; Foreland basin; Structural basin; Geology; Sedimentary basin; Sedimentary rock; Geothermal heating; Geothermal exploration; Hydrology (agriculture); Geothermal energy; Petrology; Geomorphology; Earth science; Geochemistry; Groundwater; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.009513731161765576,"score_gpt":0.23210239885627548,"score_spread":0.2225886676945099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047670198","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995042,0.00004917265,0.00067781017,0.0021055352,0.000077210294,0.00047331327,0.00018868339,0.0000069012167,0.0013793237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990019,0.0000012758579,0.000100384816,0.000289506,0.00007031375,0.00039671746,0.000040039267,0.000014951875,0.000084869826],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986023,0.00046152872,0.00041966478,0.00018552021,0.00014865126,0.00018238863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987502,0.00048083827,0.00011919655,0.0005518879,0.00007575892,0.000022136821],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001375592,0.00010768038,0.0001876986,0.000037184567,0.0001031661,0.0000072091552,0.00021160551,0.00005757017,0.000037330617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011979278,0.00007024865,0.000058184087,0.00017577785,0.000060234666,0.000040719275,0.000051258085,0.00007160166,1.8756916e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002680229,0.000096979515,0.045013063,0.000035805704,0.000019287798,4.0391058e-7,0.00055773294,0.93051904,0.0005782968,0.016727544,0.00024718913,0.0061778235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020693287,0.000041008592,0.5370574,0.00007801156,0.00006045753,0.000021911603,0.0007908154,0.38618088,0.0047830218,0.002901048,0.06580469,0.00021141926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.91579354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9750889,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54433817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011345844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017160724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28646567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051497978","doi":"10.3390/en6083734","title":"A Literature Review on Heating of Ventilation Air with Large Diameter Earth Tubes in Cold Climates","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Ventilation (architecture); Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.019992272214145686,"score_gpt":0.2745795043643127,"score_spread":0.25458723215016704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051497978","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00064381224,0.9953895,0.0000033886204,0.000018063178,0.000053226348,0.00053923717,0.000050578285,0.000051535284,0.0032506231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007257843,0.9961042,0.00035709134,0.00008688287,0.00010583018,0.0010123153,0.00027581575,0.000070557995,0.0012615228],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829304,0.00017564543,0.0007106174,0.00035002918,0.00020426117,0.00026640462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99881804,0.00014593668,0.00041899897,0.0004996242,0.00007675823,0.000040667062],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019712817,0.00037872267,0.0013430296,0.00019613949,0.000050645198,0.000035440396,0.00019637684,0.00020429869,0.00013162257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033581106,0.00024672484,0.00025200917,0.00060086395,0.000028727223,0.000111651985,0.000043702086,0.00023216949,0.000051127205],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018186329,0.0005211236,0.00013137152,0.26804268,0.0004909918,0.000030198142,0.00049108325,0.0214423,0.00009006484,0.21517007,0.0009928591,0.49257907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000101452046,0.000045107165,0.000022146443,0.15370229,0.000097173564,0.0000060613906,0.000011917003,0.000029252245,0.00008656454,0.0000117249665,0.845658,0.00022830552],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004948514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024793972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84466517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002837182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044032073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052678729","doi":"10.1061/(asce)cr.1943-5495.0000075","title":"Thermal Design Considerations for Raised Structures on Permafrost","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cold Regions Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro Geotech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Permafrost; Terrain; Environmental science; Energy balance; Climate change; Foundation (evidence); Earth science; Civil engineering; Geology; Engineering; Geophysics; Geography","score_opus":0.023786555643839077,"score_gpt":0.22293784508212103,"score_spread":0.19915128943828195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052678729","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.097715445,0.00018541783,0.8945307,0.002618717,0.0009267208,0.0004933398,0.000019390096,0.00011851334,0.0033917483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862442,0.000003904323,0.01274243,0.00012818015,0.00057397963,0.00003548294,0.0000013380509,0.000031564123,0.00023894789],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926853,0.000034156918,0.00032379068,0.0000853213,0.00012843458,0.00015976047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989038,0.0005237956,0.00016915589,0.00017168124,0.00014077967,0.000090773065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020601446,0.00012143661,0.00020052263,0.00013049271,0.00012646588,0.000044702225,0.000107349144,0.00006634357,0.00003383168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018838991,0.000099029116,0.00013449266,0.000077300785,0.000016754633,0.00007217659,0.0000064108626,0.00012384901,0.0000035185474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008278749,0.0000119075,0.0000031371942,0.000005997593,0.00002951475,0.0000010109461,0.00006163179,0.6470874,0.037907105,0.31409654,0.00071579666,0.00007168101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003690916,0.0007159923,0.0034179527,0.00025902258,0.00013697539,0.0002265611,0.00014245589,0.3293545,0.06363135,0.0064000725,0.59131044,0.00071374525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012213397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004035814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8885287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003010843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003917039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40382904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054291600","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.06.004","title":"Thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid geothermal heat pump system","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Coefficient of performance; Exergy efficiency; Heat pump; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Geothermal heating; Thermodynamics; Heat recovery ventilation; Cooling tower; Air source heat pumps; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Water cooling; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.015868941097376642,"score_gpt":0.2089179446552492,"score_spread":0.19304900355787258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054291600","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8951497,0.00009212289,0.0027035095,0.000015043752,0.00011441559,0.00017648147,0.00008199603,0.00021272736,0.101454005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981485,0.000009179328,0.00020584234,0.00007922624,0.00006801056,0.000085679814,0.00003895884,0.000074960175,0.0012896655],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982599,0.000094739924,0.0005988973,0.00039336155,0.00024500245,0.00040811198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985749,0.000038739243,0.0002206361,0.0009393441,0.00010995741,0.00011643856],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023412441,0.00027159872,0.0005925295,0.00034444543,0.00009958739,0.000016176062,0.00046865354,0.000094419636,0.0011407066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000059681324,0.00024085795,0.00040398244,0.0008065239,0.00011638798,0.00008373785,0.000056533932,0.000106794214,0.00014607585],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014469658,0.00057199964,0.0055291774,0.0002063434,0.0057746684,0.000051052022,0.0026997887,0.3227461,0.040731043,0.61361724,0.000030365602,0.007897513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095840864,0.0001115236,0.040390044,0.00009592554,0.002183183,0.00007004321,0.0014063667,0.9342651,0.013060195,0.00075244525,0.005757159,0.0009496194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030365217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009972553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6128648,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007768776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039599832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977237},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054466677","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2006.03.006","title":"A key review on performance improvement aspects of geothermal district heating systems and applications","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Geothermal gradient; Heating system; Geothermal energy; Exergy efficiency; Geothermal heating; Engineering; Process engineering; Efficient energy use; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Civil engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.017585093079950962,"score_gpt":0.25886294756404166,"score_spread":0.2412778544840907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054466677","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000045775973,0.95105386,0.00033993344,0.000013379318,0.000041248757,0.0022730539,0.00002612108,0.00005640238,0.046191417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00011069538,0.9688444,0.000034469933,0.00009159958,0.0003355613,0.006578327,0.00025984086,0.0001100601,0.023635028],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957277,0.00029730028,0.00201897,0.00087877904,0.0003008944,0.00077634776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968915,0.00015074553,0.0014975658,0.0010839427,0.0001731593,0.00020307452],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096335105,0.00082810986,0.003426705,0.00024290103,0.000400928,0.00009786227,0.0003710609,0.0003027682,0.000025567748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038009355,0.00060990016,0.0004031927,0.00090417877,0.00010195824,0.00013858911,0.0001920201,0.00022121637,0.000009918655],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015512912,0.00006857567,7.49456e-7,0.17868562,0.0000735974,0.0000037033672,0.00000451783,0.0019203568,0.000001255663,0.10852653,0.00051614735,0.7101974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015249569,0.00012235639,6.324681e-7,0.041439094,0.00057459745,0.000041961743,0.000032626187,0.00023182557,0.0000035584005,0.00009945751,0.95676756,0.0005338252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034881253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001494816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95625144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020557918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024315073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996352},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055517770","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.117","title":"Field demonstration of a first thermal response test with a low power source","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Thermal power station; Power (physics); Materials science; Mechanics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.007732405190613252,"score_gpt":0.19528351140355676,"score_spread":0.18755110621294352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055517770","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8359011,0.000041817624,0.009168428,0.00054968294,0.000041620893,0.000107994754,0.000004464624,0.00014380636,0.1540411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968781,0.0000014984848,0.00044873392,0.0002549698,0.00007741531,0.00017244014,0.000011272235,0.00004066579,0.0021149055],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989455,0.00003599465,0.00028292317,0.00025536102,0.00024431985,0.00023595516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890834,0.00025524915,0.00015540062,0.00045089674,0.00009267924,0.000137452],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017770298,0.00018071315,0.00021258273,0.00006981783,0.000077068806,0.00002177141,0.00019513341,0.00013061965,0.00010980661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031710242,0.00014607544,0.000046580546,0.00026571308,0.00007054643,0.000054399417,0.00003545627,0.00007307378,0.000031922107],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032860744,0.0008236849,0.0021709157,0.000032247397,0.00015267146,0.000013204559,0.0017989937,0.43972018,0.0956607,0.4437407,0.0018558834,0.010744742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0045686206,0.0018852798,0.004375307,0.00013252426,0.00008143151,0.00006106752,0.002206637,0.008261273,0.28858274,0.0012383191,0.6874028,0.0012039846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059241257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001854706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68554693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029906792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008192185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89555454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056637233","doi":"10.1080/15435075.2014.892876","title":"Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Thermal Interaction of Multiple Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Green Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conduction; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Heat exchanger; Borehole; Fluent; Heat pump; Thermal; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer simulation; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.015701775345483737,"score_gpt":0.24828839286430962,"score_spread":0.2325866175188259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056637233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99192446,0.000058702284,0.0050853724,0.0009081494,0.00082102406,0.000022946264,0.000010283719,0.00000615167,0.0011628901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99907756,0.000004411249,0.00016374855,0.00021073612,0.00037162844,0.0000040275663,0.000010319392,0.000014382076,0.00014320288],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982639,0.00010009428,0.00071452995,0.00012447803,0.0006763386,0.00012068271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842304,0.00025532674,0.00040862974,0.00023152094,0.0006182384,0.00006322308],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025831728,0.00012280456,0.0003283372,0.0003214502,0.00004043314,0.000013627829,0.0005529582,0.00007508379,0.0002563967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007245982,0.00008351211,0.0004712513,0.00033445252,0.00010520437,0.000140197,0.00008792379,0.00011501643,0.0000020319749],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033129044,0.00033415784,0.022508685,0.0000076291667,0.0036604602,0.000003985647,0.00021464215,0.81833315,0.08088816,0.05652415,0.000118975026,0.017074732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019527694,0.00023716113,0.4150975,0.0001886289,0.0009465983,0.00008942943,0.00010014335,0.5098162,0.036826488,0.0017964429,0.032641836,0.00030675315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.045038603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010922408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39258882,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067576664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037887483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9613206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058551719","doi":"10.1115/1.4003747","title":"Heat Transfer in Double U-Tube Boreholes With Two Independent Circuits","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Electronic circuit; Tube (container); Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Materials science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geophysics; Composite material","score_opus":0.02974914406257041,"score_gpt":0.23347356764742466,"score_spread":0.20372442358485426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058551719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704597,0.00033643935,0.0051035183,0.00031968913,0.00014893331,0.0001755074,0.000005549376,0.000023006576,0.023427641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99926037,0.00007394359,0.00006805715,0.00017302162,0.00016209003,0.000028637156,0.000002253199,0.000049572256,0.00018205614],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99825007,0.00006827731,0.00070240867,0.00021110618,0.0004077522,0.000360396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994012,0.000021798407,0.0000061016412,0.00024567056,0.00012990432,0.0001953158],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030704858,0.00023560459,0.00043783314,0.00022297751,0.000069197085,0.000030439274,0.00028096422,0.000120384386,0.00063480885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001051978,0.00016842631,0.00017877083,0.00027159363,0.000060409766,0.00028449844,0.0000047508183,0.00038736057,0.0000217279],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0039379094,0.0047059124,0.039980873,0.00035168,0.0013465803,0.0015365995,0.027270326,0.20973945,0.3808563,0.3168057,0.00026774502,0.013200928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.057183962,0.0034259483,0.22311194,0.001820468,0.0006749081,0.004421903,0.003364817,0.0009845728,0.6015469,0.0017389492,0.09904232,0.002683308],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007492722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0074066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31506673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006542705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009681662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058707185","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.044","title":"An analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential in North America","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science, Ryerson University; University of Toronto","keywords":"Sizing; Heat pump; Electricity; Renewable energy; Engineering; Environmental science; Sensitivity (control systems); Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0058351596791749805,"score_gpt":0.19621335613408175,"score_spread":0.19037819645490678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058707185","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783823,0.000005638432,0.015506376,0.000019920124,0.00005487764,0.0000650669,0.000005288074,0.00006264118,0.005897884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994492,0.000002994532,0.00005177983,0.000090227266,0.00008073599,0.00003567362,0.00016202805,0.000032683765,0.00009470671],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986672,0.00011516326,0.00038024428,0.00034108295,0.00024061392,0.00025572334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990268,0.00007701356,0.0001835153,0.000611201,0.000031276486,0.0000702149],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009680978,0.00018968033,0.00035211103,0.0002243445,0.00014613199,0.00003148677,0.00030666127,0.00006489728,0.00005457093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008770077,0.00014753654,0.00016414787,0.0012473441,0.000065489236,0.000069987575,0.000055628316,0.00009031884,0.0000033685633],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073327997,0.000074919386,0.0086536575,0.000003866997,0.00011061792,1.3640928e-7,0.00026901983,0.9606746,0.009618628,0.014253964,0.0000012103949,0.0063320766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045760706,0.000046454057,0.55996585,0.000007729881,0.00028502772,0.0000010467135,0.0009185797,0.41472176,0.008183759,0.00025338167,0.014750007,0.0004087763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12887515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.045563858,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5513122,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000557387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013711209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9718521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059359890","doi":"10.1063/1.4712055","title":"Sustainable heat extraction from abandoned mine tunnels: A numerical model","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Mining engineering; Environmental science; Extraction (chemistry); Rock mass classification; Geothermal heating; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Geology; Geothermal energy; Geophysics","score_opus":0.010541132351366183,"score_gpt":0.23382776400485025,"score_spread":0.22328663165348406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059359890","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7981974,0.021379072,0.15152541,0.0010821788,0.00037910772,0.00019585065,0.0000068139434,0.00010347629,0.027130688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92415166,0.0006216378,0.001119035,0.00020876316,0.00091464556,0.000023664037,0.000012676551,0.000050835763,0.07289708],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99756265,0.00010911587,0.0007002028,0.00023177723,0.00036360364,0.001032678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822146,0.00013592634,0.00033840883,0.00030476603,0.0005280197,0.00047141802],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062343996,0.00029090745,0.0005565481,0.0002695164,0.00034896377,0.00011023168,0.00021423551,0.00020773592,0.00015525467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009022121,0.00024237644,0.00018689568,0.00039893953,0.000051846564,0.0012003912,0.00010183584,0.00019005504,0.000003120262],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025071733,0.00037123213,0.0004398681,0.000066680535,0.00016793059,0.00011604015,0.00060595013,0.8641748,0.0074491645,0.12102464,0.0032439374,0.0020890476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030875823,0.00031800766,0.00071118405,0.0000790597,0.00025843372,0.0004730708,0.02391805,0.11229609,0.012325694,0.027940141,0.8177929,0.0007997875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14378563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020581095,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81454897,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022882599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020106898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9883824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060667987","doi":"10.1007/s10064-014-0626-4","title":"Effect of groundwater flow in vertical and horizontal fractures on borehole heat exchanger temperatures","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Borehole; Hydrogeology; Groundwater flow; Geology; Aquifer; Heat exchanger; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater; Fracture (geology); Thermal; Petroleum engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0017785416412809758,"score_gpt":0.16379096237253046,"score_spread":0.1620124207312495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060667987","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982514,0.0004113045,0.00016007332,0.00062941934,0.00003328177,0.0000904004,5.6196524e-7,0.0000060926313,0.0004174781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996691,0.000039575032,0.000073889016,0.000050854225,0.000035200243,0.00004776914,0.0000024304677,0.000008421928,0.0000727722],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995245,0.00007994967,0.00012403789,0.00011594568,0.00005202126,0.00010358966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995804,0.00025550005,0.000012445374,0.00012796793,0.0000013249044,0.000022386797],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024370998,0.00009599373,0.00019315915,0.000026219062,0.00002123972,0.0000024617887,0.00004633694,0.00006778509,0.000105852174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020490414,0.000058340687,0.000025665793,0.000010722844,0.00012552866,0.0000035392372,0.000034803994,0.00008835566,0.0000051855914],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008637609,0.00020794131,0.005066431,0.00024124922,0.0001568048,0.0000059255917,0.0006579985,0.8437788,0.028373757,0.11475112,0.0001841922,0.0057120346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012619958,0.003949248,0.38510984,0.00026464576,0.00013859008,0.00006199224,0.000055693487,0.060832188,0.13291536,0.00076832226,0.40249985,0.0007842903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000745514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008615497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7829466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000050817093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":5.0576637e-7,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23790643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063124496","doi":"10.1007/s10765-012-1282-1","title":"A Series-Parallel Model for Estimating the Thermal Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Saturation (graph theory); Soil water; Degree of saturation; Thermal conduction; Materials science; Water content; Porous medium; Thermodynamics; Porosity; Soil science; Environmental science; Composite material; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.03530042778663201,"score_gpt":0.2873141013403267,"score_spread":0.2520136735536947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063124496","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9068803,0.00009138941,0.08933318,0.0008759284,0.000839999,0.000119297365,0.000025870606,0.000012316654,0.001821701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98698133,0.0000025572042,0.01150753,0.00009345369,0.0010672932,0.000017580076,0.000004310288,0.000021325184,0.00030464624],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904495,0.000045845092,0.0004033641,0.0000639821,0.00028977147,0.00015206572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984613,0.00011788509,0.00067947636,0.00014800168,0.0005470871,0.000046217774],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003159193,0.00011048794,0.00018753442,0.000034692635,0.00006257694,0.0000249851,0.00045345636,0.000044737408,0.000018724153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004870802,0.00007103572,0.00019532033,0.000065729204,0.00006823779,0.0003883537,0.000036591347,0.00010706865,0.000002751862],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012402982,0.00013071566,0.0000759644,0.000006982019,0.00028972552,3.98619e-7,0.0008925696,0.8035313,0.07087895,0.11788829,0.000084613726,0.0060964664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010979495,0.000077484976,0.0014888052,0.000080407815,0.000092582726,0.000080237674,0.00024701774,0.95444006,0.017001284,0.023822358,0.0013560086,0.00021580089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014065833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007936433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15090877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038604805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000062928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.28967527},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064108294","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.044","title":"The feasibility and potential of geothermal heat in the deep Alberta foreland basin-Canada for CO2 savings","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Alberta","funders":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Northwestern University","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Foreland basin; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Structural basin; Fossil fuel; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Range (aeronautics); Thermal energy; Sedimentary basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Waste management; Engineering; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.008023521056421987,"score_gpt":0.20228346721714235,"score_spread":0.19425994616072037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064108294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9655459,0.00076706253,0.008543218,0.0020953782,0.00024244549,0.00035691046,0.000017867966,0.000018548613,0.022412676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966545,0.000040945924,0.00006886345,0.00034849244,0.00013886057,0.00007145062,0.000016105652,0.000022856779,0.002637903],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876225,0.00014500793,0.00033589613,0.0002495323,0.00018948053,0.0003178513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987023,0.0006077822,0.00009507872,0.00048196054,0.000055495777,0.00005741518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043333851,0.00015192245,0.00022266757,0.000023252485,0.00026364304,0.000041532276,0.00031026968,0.000078607765,0.000023750204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007385839,0.00009137376,0.00006878862,0.0001309201,0.000095286,0.000044879325,0.000040100655,0.000050015482,3.831752e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000083396175,0.00006154287,0.0017240873,0.000035359368,0.00004048658,6.08485e-7,0.00015684275,0.8864622,0.002431714,0.10368127,0.0009184897,0.0044039865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018743108,0.00015130707,0.017339978,0.000040504765,0.000049895894,0.00002674136,0.0007050185,0.20520887,0.0035986174,0.011069881,0.759569,0.0003658793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98123467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98190975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75865054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004521362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008317544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37261137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064497240","doi":"10.1080/10789669.2004.10391115","title":"A Multiple Load Aggregation Algorithm for Annual Hourly Simulations of GCHP Systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HVAC&R Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":139,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon","keywords":"Heat pump; Computer science; Environmental science; Thermal; Simulation; Cooling load; Aggregate (composite); Algorithm; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Air conditioning; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.059271216634762855,"score_gpt":0.3497176857075556,"score_spread":0.29044646907279276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064497240","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7844833,0.0018931621,0.1901433,0.0010366908,0.0006043382,0.0052036284,0.002665238,0.00041272442,0.013557573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925369,0.000008965566,0.0031429203,0.0000072869575,0.00030342865,0.0005285322,0.00010180937,0.000039400315,0.0033307315],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812925,0.00011348691,0.00039703603,0.0002946577,0.00064755906,0.00041799838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99774384,0.00038042033,0.000106114436,0.0004403843,0.0012110214,0.00011821351],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007161405,0.00011938035,0.0002089478,0.00019461114,0.0002903899,0.000051888488,0.0002605944,0.00013035191,0.000034947578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023698156,0.00011252382,0.00008952021,0.00055682467,0.00009962306,0.00014922855,0.00005059599,0.0001522645,0.00007733134],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003721275,0.00034388603,0.00023042329,0.00012821126,0.00007619498,0.0000025598215,0.0010802463,0.8524511,0.009505268,0.10741373,0.0006246167,0.028106544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052267527,0.00048024545,0.0024765092,0.00034641236,0.000026762602,0.00001600082,0.0025455053,0.73050517,0.011783453,0.009480727,0.2366153,0.00049713784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.043700047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020870885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23599069,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019948797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024706815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96266806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068157345","doi":"10.3390/su4081848","title":"On Thermally Interacting Multiple Boreholes with Variable Heating Strength: Comparison between Analytical and Numerical Approaches","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Borehole; Heat flux; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Thermal conduction; Line source; Thermal; Finite volume method; Geology; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.03319168502266223,"score_gpt":0.2768684856178912,"score_spread":0.24367680059522895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068157345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865542,0.000040238243,0.0066653765,0.000287974,0.000020769798,0.00023319417,0.0000057222196,0.00009099658,0.0061015114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977351,1.0583655e-7,0.0018195865,0.00002391297,0.0001797383,0.00007436589,0.000021828322,0.00002639936,0.000118962926],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851286,0.00018057221,0.00032898015,0.00032597693,0.00017536245,0.0004762551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983635,0.0008588687,0.00011549556,0.00035559264,0.000113792616,0.00019276315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047405207,0.00019844879,0.00032032334,0.000041956657,0.00022583468,0.00005797148,0.0001145514,0.00009018583,0.00004138981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054701744,0.00014904898,0.000042023737,0.00020470351,0.00011056049,0.00018113673,0.0000752363,0.00026631236,0.0000041788353],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057014382,0.00034404802,0.80733347,0.000084457395,0.000058633457,4.874166e-7,0.0010756023,0.036292378,0.000012072073,0.14130819,0.00001035171,0.01342332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009062898,0.00025733537,0.80742544,0.000066232365,0.00009449968,0.0000070560914,0.009885872,0.1688204,0.0004075842,0.0028382295,0.008706146,0.00058489374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057515055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005660142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13846996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019967153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006152818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86945945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068758791","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.03.020","title":"Thermal conductivity probe – Part I – A theoretical error analysis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Thermal conduction; Transient (computer programming); Thermodynamics; Thermocouple; Mechanics; Thermal; Conductivity; Computer science; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.02519120985438689,"score_gpt":0.2711371453344629,"score_spread":0.24594593548007604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068758791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9585045,0.00020925405,0.027162585,0.004036923,0.00043987622,0.00005861306,0.000015313031,0.000014955788,0.009557984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989203,0.00001679516,0.00026625622,0.0001646671,0.00037944192,0.0000075009316,0.000005810382,0.0000098392275,0.00022939606],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901956,0.00007009767,0.00032260595,0.000110386274,0.0003612243,0.00011614286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993455,0.000039843264,0.000031190724,0.00008456936,0.00034474276,0.00015415248],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003279811,0.000099699464,0.00022036988,0.0001364133,0.00002773778,0.000048180136,0.00017907534,0.00005892366,0.00035558315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016790427,0.00007134401,0.00016589406,0.0001109707,0.000112443675,0.000158566,0.00001011348,0.00012193018,0.0000068896943],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043444862,0.00029841895,0.0069583277,0.000007727283,0.002775359,0.00007742414,0.0010128724,0.056796797,0.025331885,0.9024109,0.00020571101,0.0036901098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017114582,0.0015105683,0.044366874,0.00028826113,0.0043750494,0.0011364637,0.0032991986,0.06933483,0.043191154,0.10716954,0.7062047,0.0020087752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002592836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000073637704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79524136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028587874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051302773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3893386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070144764","doi":"10.1080/00207230701382115","title":"A comparison between geothermal absorption and compression heat pumps for space conditioning","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Studies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; TRNSYS; Geothermal energy; Air conditioning; Absorption heat pump; Greenhouse gas; Environmental engineering; Compression (physics); Waste management; Nuclear engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geology; Geography; Physics; Thermal","score_opus":0.032008690812750165,"score_gpt":0.3236338825721386,"score_spread":0.29162519175938845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070144764","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919576,0.0012760476,0.005406207,0.00056583865,0.00027206208,0.000083436345,0.00002850976,0.000008067593,0.00040223816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981673,0.00014716337,0.0008198916,0.00006383055,0.0005907659,0.000006892434,0.000015352181,0.000012393104,0.00017640798],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990879,0.000017700342,0.00041897874,0.000101287136,0.00025635283,0.00011775676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994214,0.00018118777,0.0002517561,0.00004672145,0.000044461256,0.000054441367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025924048,0.00010057609,0.00020671381,0.00007491724,0.000116668096,0.00002242305,0.000114092996,0.000039684044,0.00004702916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016287706,0.00008446152,0.000072363,0.00001855477,0.000100099045,0.0001308512,0.000053536278,0.00007944227,0.0000060788825],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00076400803,0.0008027492,0.40129355,0.000067525616,0.0037939125,0.000040245275,0.005351648,0.09003963,0.38938978,0.02069248,0.001187604,0.08657687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029016659,0.00032270708,0.8629179,0.00024706495,0.00012337137,0.000119764765,0.0056645772,0.0012552937,0.027304176,0.0019523555,0.09687122,0.00031987767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011594661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002814962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46162438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119005555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000033241738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34442407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070161731","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.130","title":"Development and performance of a dual tank solar-assisted heat pump system","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Benchmark (surveying); Electricity; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Heat pump; Controller (irrigation); Water heater; Dual (grammatical number); Solar energy; TRNSYS; Energy (signal processing); Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Simulation; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.0188196479033194,"score_gpt":0.20295099054573573,"score_spread":0.18413134264241632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070161731","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90796363,0.00011842649,0.00041803863,0.000025929583,0.00008825858,0.000072740026,0.000002581608,0.00013129642,0.09117911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970619,0.0000075469293,0.001579611,0.00005441426,0.00009953707,0.00023687804,0.000030055613,0.000036048998,0.00089397246],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871135,0.000021429038,0.0004384455,0.00029190304,0.00026237319,0.00027450433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928135,0.000019591937,0.0001085444,0.00032659736,0.000076726596,0.00018718152],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017826674,0.00020099188,0.00031118956,0.00007800081,0.0001067965,0.000021961772,0.0001349674,0.00012003641,0.000012192996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000027433466,0.00017935286,0.000031104908,0.00021432708,0.00005890839,0.000052240288,0.00008431852,0.000058233338,0.000031981825],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011125572,0.00014539994,0.00018020924,0.000174694,0.00014240111,0.000005265676,0.00081753306,0.029778864,0.02447648,0.8990261,0.000168272,0.044973508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002861902,0.00017936504,0.0051998193,0.00018037605,0.00007136069,0.00012752645,0.0026803156,0.023722379,0.1844766,0.0001882234,0.7793005,0.0010116382],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032872679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004128454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89883786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008714048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009721445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7313798},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071558620","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.05.004","title":"Energetic and exergetic performance investigation of the Bigadic Geothermal District Heating System in Turkey","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Civil engineering; Mining engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.006157669797448425,"score_gpt":0.18614606449238888,"score_spread":0.17998839469494046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071558620","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99653107,0.0005473729,0.00020866493,0.000061022853,0.000088586356,0.00005491664,0.0000013927138,0.00003344341,0.0024735301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999249,0.000051415533,0.00017026518,0.00005698289,0.00008024793,0.000022500937,0.000003142844,0.000018842537,0.00034764555],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895513,0.000045253615,0.00038383965,0.00022770022,0.00014748445,0.00024056292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994261,0.00007249195,0.00021085422,0.00018592116,0.000030124376,0.00007447932],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035560952,0.00014755286,0.00018847823,0.0001017331,0.00016090221,0.000018772927,0.00012499736,0.00009999507,0.0000059981767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017407536,0.00010868939,0.00003470085,0.0003876175,0.0001447046,0.000092063354,0.000059960264,0.00008102207,4.6520057e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048169186,0.0000450814,0.1633676,0.00043966735,0.00004007815,0.0000045178795,0.0014011635,0.11523048,0.1011133,0.57926935,0.000027841485,0.039012745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015127809,0.00012000714,0.70405936,0.001288523,0.000060878985,0.00012390481,0.0011609179,0.099255085,0.17435822,0.0008196902,0.016514502,0.0007261027],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015839458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005049755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57844967,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003701833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001803619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99071413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074114214","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.02.026","title":"Experimental analysis of a direct expansion geothermal heat pump in heating mode","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"École de technologie supérieure; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Condenser (optics); Geothermal gradient; Air source heat pumps; Evaporator; Superheating; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Refrigerant; Petroleum engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.007526826267205638,"score_gpt":0.23644904876445716,"score_spread":0.22892222249725153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074114214","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866437,0.00024183735,0.00088904815,0.000044365333,0.000029293393,0.000025857587,0.000002761124,0.000036683185,0.012086456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99907017,0.000013753902,0.0002532691,0.00011853476,0.000056342975,0.000045293134,0.000014739564,0.000018153834,0.0004097574],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999027,0.00006448093,0.00030140203,0.00028026462,0.00012558835,0.0002012211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995829,0.000063207255,0.00006752256,0.00020475873,0.000019416342,0.00006219286],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015106016,0.00014091675,0.00034667185,0.00024487826,0.000078373625,0.000016748718,0.000097380165,0.00008293124,0.00009162292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000103954935,0.00012635406,0.00009786815,0.00048807118,0.00004789915,0.000084509986,0.000044208202,0.000042413496,8.1320417e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022956525,0.00010580724,0.0023262454,0.000008002408,0.00012687688,8.1580515e-7,0.00059361354,0.55021703,0.3180158,0.123929285,0.0000074046,0.004646147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007865118,0.00009929512,0.0074440204,0.00008200576,0.00013167337,0.0000037626774,0.0003861097,0.6069693,0.36292773,0.0003922357,0.020379622,0.00039771618],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07296691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019927104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12353705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021792192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000067752244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93320626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075090395","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.03.007","title":"Effect of reference state on the performance of energy and exergy evaluation of geothermal district heating systems: Balcova example","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Building and Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Parametric statistics; Exergy efficiency; Environmental engineering; Petroleum engineering; Process engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Statistics; Physics","score_opus":0.020174782280929563,"score_gpt":0.22965325665934158,"score_spread":0.20947847437841202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075090395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99810034,0.0006699143,0.0001562033,0.000019957777,0.000012375038,0.00011672915,0.000008518485,0.000005701821,0.0009102733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994282,0.0003042585,0.000058547863,0.0000054725356,0.000022832484,0.000075300166,0.0000044723934,0.000010846863,0.000090054986],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989826,0.00017368923,0.00029512637,0.00016319913,0.0002714845,0.00011390646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993461,0.00017406787,0.00021499253,0.00022284464,0.00001358024,0.000028429193],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079488463,0.00011002404,0.00019504913,0.000032725507,0.00006712835,0.0000060828115,0.00007135593,0.000035279874,0.000030305748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010212784,0.00007368411,0.000023239896,0.00004540773,0.000073230345,0.00003483809,0.00003502134,0.000033861277,6.5106815e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031603297,0.00003331846,0.0016035518,0.00009243392,0.000030662257,3.726845e-8,0.00012141232,0.8552012,0.031730857,0.008961302,0.0000033906567,0.10219027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014755822,0.0010612562,0.045735225,0.00052244734,0.00015265682,0.000007816392,0.00016098519,0.66149575,0.27765095,0.000067999994,0.01136126,0.0003080926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006596471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001982325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24592009,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033211192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006350802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080702385","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.10.002","title":"Effects of depth and material property variations on the ground temperature response to heating by a deep vertical ground heat exchanger in purely conductive media","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Geology; Electrical conductor; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Composite material; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.00994815097593578,"score_gpt":0.2118168096506685,"score_spread":0.20186865867473275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080702385","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967998,0.00004623213,0.000046662473,0.0018256047,0.0001129314,0.00075727596,0.00001578373,0.000027877744,0.0003677767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979425,0.0000045875627,0.00013310801,0.00072072964,0.000093970084,0.00067926233,0.000011104844,0.000038285132,0.0003764652],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987546,0.0003005801,0.0002561949,0.00026661894,0.00016253769,0.00025942645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990042,0.0005492332,0.000035242112,0.0002554603,0.00006559597,0.000090305475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024758192,0.00017855573,0.00022917122,0.00006303366,0.00011835097,0.00008157404,0.00014361786,0.00014265215,0.00012439434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019157233,0.000104732826,0.000031286057,0.00021789121,0.00007921977,0.000099363635,0.000046728794,0.00013899249,0.00003309936],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034583893,0.00019351175,0.000090994814,0.000047191203,0.0000488579,0.000002873372,0.0066117984,0.0017361445,0.97461295,0.014658745,0.00027892078,0.0013721896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010423829,0.0025326924,0.5080791,0.0014760835,0.00028328205,0.00013848383,0.013424535,0.044433337,0.38075116,0.009788564,0.02513977,0.0035291289],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01886524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014894706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59386176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006176547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9876682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080897698","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2012.03.002","title":"Geothermal energy potential in the St-Lawrence River area, Québec","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; University of Alberta","funders":"Hydro-Québec; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geology; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Earth science; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.013052799397193489,"score_gpt":0.21333006832324464,"score_spread":0.20027726892605116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080897698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9452364,0.0009789674,0.0021621736,0.0012031562,0.00039429334,0.00019871202,0.000031467855,0.0001419497,0.049652874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928658,0.000031073636,0.00010345458,0.001600044,0.0005759449,0.00015011356,0.000019128898,0.000050188195,0.0046042446],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983596,0.00014051722,0.0003291759,0.00025054708,0.00028342835,0.0006367137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904484,0.00007364522,0.00012623171,0.00061514956,0.00003695586,0.00010319865],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003072062,0.00023884831,0.0002054421,0.00007377601,0.00016523564,0.000043022857,0.000553122,0.00014512289,0.0009741252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011811072,0.00017347254,0.00011626833,0.00026630683,0.00015179109,0.0001946196,0.00005797717,0.00017269325,0.00020500652],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000076468416,0.0011358545,0.022481639,0.00002995777,0.00014205405,0.000037699396,0.008746516,0.18362677,0.0063125174,0.700075,0.00437436,0.07296116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070411095,0.000032673714,0.056827307,0.000024265499,0.00003478153,0.00008198382,0.00084111333,0.010227572,0.0002990196,0.0017086155,0.9286725,0.000546063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.28964385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.040796958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9242981,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007267336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006906576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085531725","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.049","title":"A framework to monitor the integrated multi-source space heating systems to improve the design of the control system","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Space (punctuation); Systems engineering; Control system; Control (management); Computer science; Control engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Operating system","score_opus":0.008749865688614102,"score_gpt":0.2154739326771251,"score_spread":0.206724066988511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085531725","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16302119,0.0003085265,0.83249104,0.002430629,0.0005637065,0.0006413149,0.000009341664,0.0001099778,0.0004242501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944732,0.0000024298981,0.0019742895,0.000687556,0.00039213002,0.00047966893,5.538187e-7,0.000038858045,0.0019512931],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836236,0.00042848117,0.00037136956,0.0003111298,0.00021935039,0.0003072828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981875,0.00069921126,0.000213844,0.0006567963,0.00013080167,0.00011186699],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00075695734,0.00022853777,0.00030236953,0.00004042563,0.0005376894,0.0001209776,0.0005628935,0.00013688848,0.0000032617818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023320918,0.00010409612,0.000085701045,0.00042737118,0.00008008256,0.00003534561,0.00010611689,0.00016992421,0.000006218671],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029194382,0.00001685177,0.000082237275,0.000025246378,0.000059551556,1.4461574e-7,0.0007541773,0.64164466,0.033365227,0.3199899,0.00017964892,0.0038531888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008493551,0.00021156493,0.00088516047,0.0011296347,0.00012189568,0.000028743807,0.005713012,0.6180465,0.021101248,0.00023806999,0.3511554,0.0005193853],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036300596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002053647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.831452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045791294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001826412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97011673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089462656","doi":"10.1088/1755-1307/3/1/012012","title":"Hydro-geochemical and isotopic fluid evolution of the Los Azufres caldera geothermal field, Central Mexico","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Caldera; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Hydrothermal circulation; Geochemistry; Boiling; Geothermal exploration; Petrology; Geothermal energy; Volcano; Paleontology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007234454587119159,"score_gpt":0.17757538599293954,"score_spread":0.17034093140582038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089462656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967898,0.00015490029,0.00004617648,0.00029481755,0.000048874357,0.00009188802,0.000013838002,0.000010990682,0.0025486741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99903286,0.000109851644,0.0000694005,0.00008162236,0.00002702292,0.000010209674,0.000002033881,0.00000405263,0.00066293444],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991417,0.000019659166,0.00014471615,0.00023434167,0.00020843673,0.00025112813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996221,0.000014171993,0.00005243359,0.00019578187,0.0000067142264,0.00010878802],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048486672,0.00010373207,0.00010690343,0.000018837032,0.00034907972,0.000020730902,0.0001765926,0.000049393286,0.0001959759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011391096,0.000075584125,0.000025750709,0.00008782254,0.001401439,0.00020420912,0.000118380274,0.00006991884,0.000003334999],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015924865,0.00003717835,0.031160364,0.000009433261,0.000005092865,0.0000013695815,0.0005350904,0.0006546342,0.9469925,0.017737046,0.000011511559,0.0028398603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019778963,0.00006467657,0.50168824,0.000016962425,0.000005118431,0.00007577572,0.00037169785,0.0020232329,0.49057564,0.00027940396,0.004567026,0.00013442789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024139201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029165493,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4705279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018318951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004263591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.516366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089532391","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00791.x","title":"A Review of Thermal Response Test Analysis Using Pumping Test Concepts","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; IAMGOLD; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Heat transfer; Superposition principle; Borehole; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.07284191639128156,"score_gpt":0.33158005101099547,"score_spread":0.2587381346197139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089532391","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00033567255,0.99690014,0.000037456877,0.0000142742665,0.00006953663,0.0004295012,0.00006219279,0.00005046966,0.0021007587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0011733731,0.9954334,0.000103876795,0.00014600226,0.0001865251,0.00020193357,0.00020408972,0.00009556536,0.002455273],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99724036,0.00043014344,0.0012291681,0.0005014269,0.0001775003,0.0004213749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99772656,0.00040268005,0.0005918168,0.0010343927,0.00014308082,0.00010148027],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008389666,0.00048377257,0.0022732567,0.00028652756,0.00011673655,0.00003760962,0.00048552811,0.0002808146,0.0013227545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000109663124,0.00029918252,0.0011513047,0.0007507263,0.00010974599,0.000093816365,0.00013410668,0.00021187439,0.00029849005],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004748041,0.00092186016,0.00019710643,0.32714117,0.008859595,0.00006558645,0.0011381664,0.0006147025,0.0015045297,0.003323633,0.0002920103,0.65589416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006942507,0.000024972976,0.000026605843,0.034184404,0.0044999016,0.00002647857,0.0000071627796,0.0000284869,0.00002608967,0.000009121295,0.9607189,0.00037844552],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00448564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006529777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96042687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009709606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009940243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994606},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089908746","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2009.09.015","title":"The importance of axial effects for borehole design of geothermal heat-pump systems","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat pump; Geothermal gradient; Thermal conduction; Geothermal energy; Mechanics; Geology; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.011990619936876137,"score_gpt":0.22501379180169295,"score_spread":0.2130231718648168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089908746","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22381364,0.020727394,0.6875557,0.00097100023,0.0021326742,0.0027049752,0.0001021995,0.00049581734,0.061496627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938825,0.00009017746,0.0004540679,0.000085220025,0.00031250765,0.00028637145,0.000017290833,0.00003857448,0.004833335],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840444,0.00012096765,0.00058855914,0.0002656501,0.00023342557,0.00038695202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847966,0.00038421308,0.00028744977,0.0006170653,0.00014980868,0.00008177125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035046693,0.00020507422,0.00041130005,0.00005559173,0.00017814858,0.000025570442,0.00036565276,0.00013324959,0.000010548177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004781836,0.00014925843,0.00015722688,0.00023951217,0.00007652499,0.00006429734,0.000019883084,0.000039791626,0.0000014828094],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006512989,0.000080438054,0.00003060812,0.000042387102,0.00004943967,7.576189e-7,0.0000229843,0.8279447,0.06007653,0.109983645,0.00051846745,0.0011849207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022913862,0.001147575,0.00081685645,0.00025776273,0.000102748985,0.000019259815,0.00015301238,0.34101224,0.40731746,0.009602224,0.236677,0.0006024723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04026655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00083388254,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7700688,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003579512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008473112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9661244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089980591","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2006.10.003","title":"Exergy analysis of two geothermal district heating systems for building applications","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Geothermal heating; Exergy efficiency; Environmental science; Heating system; Geothermal energy; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Process engineering; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.007876421865309164,"score_gpt":0.22818623892051262,"score_spread":0.22030981705520347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089980591","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11456705,0.0016655686,0.8246756,0.00018414677,0.00022953443,0.0008226628,0.00007430371,0.00022353687,0.057557598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99241024,0.00013940851,0.0010379297,0.000056821355,0.00009716224,0.0006264298,0.00015532295,0.000019765934,0.005456896],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989336,0.000029633318,0.0003672706,0.00031225762,0.00015071646,0.00020653535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993429,0.000059296082,0.00019493673,0.00028915564,0.00005797695,0.00005568827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012908653,0.00014653118,0.00027982637,0.00030147278,0.00018721198,0.00003575635,0.00013838109,0.000044345277,0.00004045847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000011282875,0.00014031975,0.00014067424,0.00058566825,0.00003889945,0.000052740128,0.000066957495,0.000022272003,0.0000017378438],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057372094,0.00004059819,0.00015649,0.000060899856,0.00028450415,4.2958223e-7,0.000007516388,0.3346197,0.00069884385,0.65971607,0.00014043793,0.004268777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092483254,0.000021359934,0.0022371553,0.000028225782,0.0007652519,9.115119e-7,0.0002445044,0.3323562,0.000746426,0.0006161727,0.661816,0.00024290713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.035723906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028587057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8778432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037664857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000052216415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9706973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090063629","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.032","title":"Catalog of geothermal play types based on geologic controls","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":578,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geology; Tectonics; Earth science; Resource (disambiguation); Petroleum engineering; Geothermal heating; Geothermal exploration; Petrology; Geochemistry; Geophysics; Paleontology; Computer science","score_opus":0.00993690910803981,"score_gpt":0.2221663365992963,"score_spread":0.21222942749125648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090063629","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.052605335,0.045254976,0.04322415,0.001422195,0.00030204898,0.0014778177,0.000024821229,0.00037235,0.8553163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95837635,0.0011838045,0.00019668913,0.0009933393,0.0001526359,0.00028721624,0.00004718046,0.000036062607,0.03872671],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817604,0.00025315554,0.000528546,0.0003724149,0.000148716,0.00052112853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871266,0.00017294487,0.0002767605,0.0005985014,0.000110438945,0.00012871397],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076528307,0.00026608337,0.0006962705,0.0001234999,0.00018799858,0.000031306743,0.00022235239,0.00014810608,0.00021610942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014004532,0.00019726287,0.00014210155,0.00026956436,0.00009553852,0.000081454964,0.000052154308,0.00007085261,0.000019923937],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004916887,0.0001287121,0.0003128433,0.0003369198,0.000033114327,0.0000062654,0.000033124306,0.51652443,0.0014099791,0.45901003,0.0012402263,0.020915197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006022772,0.0001798404,0.00015660057,0.00008373476,0.000033954264,0.000003923148,0.000056159257,0.023265438,0.0012538198,0.0026855567,0.9714484,0.00023026126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.035026215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007388524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9702082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003348779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055913224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9713996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090970322","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.10.057","title":"Performance analysis of a hybrid renewable microgeneration system in load sharing applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Edgewood Chemical Biological Center","keywords":"TRNSYS; Renewable energy; Photovoltaic system; Hybrid system; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Thermal; Computer science; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.005373302424474415,"score_gpt":0.1710674924418007,"score_spread":0.16569419001732627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090970322","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97599036,0.000076537945,0.0069622505,0.000006830787,0.000023046196,0.00038126344,0.0000045969905,0.00014259055,0.016412547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972064,0.0000051709367,0.00087457726,0.000010318209,0.00006104778,0.0016071185,0.000038524293,0.00003507256,0.00016178079],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880606,0.000006074376,0.00046525736,0.00029124622,0.00016257598,0.00026879486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992878,0.000023269728,0.000118898264,0.0004466906,0.00006288117,0.00006044894],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015126288,0.00017220038,0.00032221695,0.00028049553,0.000053131822,0.000030287705,0.0002419222,0.000053359985,0.00007696885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021019705,0.00017681536,0.00008515344,0.0009320642,0.000013844422,0.000105643,0.000048503367,0.000082841805,0.00006892201],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016558828,0.00001689657,0.00044326033,0.0000530872,0.00010824567,1.7944735e-7,0.000045120072,0.6914839,0.29093862,0.015908547,0.000001228214,0.0009992605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022005466,0.000004828846,0.009087696,0.000029650364,0.00009813319,0.0000020772916,0.00006920128,0.92189234,0.06694287,0.000009635295,0.0014319993,0.00021151685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007534593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013230603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23040845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001448626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019534084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99907434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091320199","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.080","title":"Thermal resistance and capacity model for standing column wells operating under a bleed control","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Superposition principle; Aquifer; Multiphysics; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Drawdown (hydrology); Environmental science; Engineering; Groundwater; Geotechnical engineering; Finite element method; Mathematics; Physics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.01806618648428711,"score_gpt":0.21603670699147356,"score_spread":0.19797052050718644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091320199","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10770634,0.00027270865,0.8436257,0.00041421375,0.00010115242,0.00021596078,0.000041393218,0.00015629121,0.04746621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9651877,0.000013127447,0.003732123,0.0006417144,0.00023949072,0.00029966776,0.000014301496,0.00005782997,0.02981404],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985693,0.000089975205,0.00033816186,0.0004148877,0.00016076936,0.00042689673],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990708,0.00019193691,0.0001382107,0.00035490465,0.000103704886,0.00014039526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033980783,0.00021839912,0.0003346868,0.00005166585,0.00042761507,0.000107265485,0.00016177708,0.00013836073,0.000033764856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036558005,0.00020501141,0.0000768778,0.00011856221,0.00006572042,0.000130809,0.000029257899,0.00005702647,0.000002231702],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019399113,0.000017388069,0.000025112018,0.000020046695,0.000033324657,1.2274255e-7,0.000058196085,0.74535495,0.044579133,0.20951353,0.00018973851,0.00018903284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013566902,0.00002681854,0.000048634425,0.00004552264,0.000028558712,0.0000012599105,0.00006127214,0.93604463,0.0055896244,0.0072846836,0.049242157,0.00027015345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034227118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019052796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85748136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067455185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004496735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99884695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091531321","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2014-0518","title":"Evaluation of soil thermal conductivity models","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Saturation (graph theory); Soil water; Empirical modelling; Geotechnical engineering; Range (aeronautics); Soil science; Thermal; Materials science; Environmental science; Geology; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Composite material; Simulation; Physics","score_opus":0.09027826524880916,"score_gpt":0.27831179756247226,"score_spread":0.1880335323136631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091531321","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94283867,0.00048179828,0.0033403544,0.0014951144,0.0003037751,0.00018739341,0.000017801312,0.00004149067,0.051293585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999321,0.000003097663,0.00011994269,0.00011580941,0.00023679389,0.000020635496,0.000003852706,0.00001813779,0.00016075166],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837285,0.00022541767,0.00032403978,0.00013767308,0.0006508052,0.00028921277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979533,0.000019749801,0.00014900406,0.0002771127,0.0008507876,0.00075006415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023695321,0.000105257954,0.0001773378,0.00013506596,0.000104169194,0.0000310238,0.00025038488,0.00015630762,0.00027136508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016678787,0.00009345407,0.0000881883,0.00018179872,0.00008152954,0.00018450276,0.000017511402,0.00027279614,0.000034776323],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000033125084,0.000019309404,0.00001527787,0.0000011208994,0.000026725253,0.000003683148,0.000060355076,0.95680803,0.0008894119,0.024288714,0.0005857056,0.01729837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012102625,0.00007862388,0.0012545364,0.000035908375,0.00013642076,0.0002715219,0.00026567167,0.8958939,0.0009726541,0.06904332,0.03055733,0.00027989625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.26207453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.070831165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19124335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042268666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019536756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9461237},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091692635","doi":"10.1080/00207231003668813","title":"Ground source heat pump systems: current status","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Studies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Environmentally friendly; Current (fluid); Geothermal heating; Environmental engineering; Renewable heat; Global-warming potential; Waste management; Engineering; Hybrid heat; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Ecology","score_opus":0.016573566923433404,"score_gpt":0.26970782881087624,"score_spread":0.2531342618874428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091692635","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886963,0.00560524,0.0001583032,0.00032137256,0.0039034602,0.0000626625,0.000025760473,0.00001332337,0.0012136027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99641097,0.0016300022,0.000064979125,0.00005171544,0.0011864878,0.00001473836,0.00000576395,0.000018249853,0.0006170749],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866503,0.00003189993,0.00048675446,0.00012821551,0.00051366095,0.00017443443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993942,0.00007011515,0.00025303164,0.0001202052,0.00006563116,0.000096863376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015635042,0.00014162698,0.00021147497,0.00008444983,0.00009246441,0.000053392996,0.00029902122,0.000038598064,0.00019236514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029875479,0.00011126323,0.00012323227,0.000031254935,0.00013377816,0.00016971705,0.00011193834,0.00024310598,0.000088906694],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038128282,0.0031665852,0.07447915,0.00010958334,0.007622384,0.00019258236,0.007272285,0.20540977,0.37636057,0.08493582,0.0044632466,0.23560676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007195107,0.00006187886,0.029321538,0.00006564822,0.000040505405,0.00023863764,0.0022795293,0.00033006404,0.0007140661,0.00035113018,0.9656966,0.00018093488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005030757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000084812986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9612333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017106981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000132283385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4537183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091813156","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2014.07.026","title":"Generic ground response functions for ground exchangers in the presence of groundwater flow","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Range (aeronautics); Finite element method; Groundwater flow; Transfer function; Function (biology); Groundwater; Flow (mathematics); Cylinder; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Applied mathematics; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Geometry; Geotechnical engineering; Aquifer; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.021238388805548958,"score_gpt":0.22837059031703016,"score_spread":0.2071322015114812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091813156","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6447498,0.00079920434,0.31981596,0.001747053,0.0010462289,0.0006520371,0.000042517295,0.00018254603,0.030964654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9770355,0.000026715488,0.0008066506,0.00033204787,0.0003871227,0.0009769495,0.00006129803,0.00004628539,0.020327434],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807,0.00043096804,0.0004349509,0.00037884517,0.00025761727,0.00042763344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822503,0.00070037716,0.00015694153,0.00075471017,0.000093597795,0.00006933788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093915703,0.00021625253,0.00028797713,0.00016761737,0.00020412749,0.000060102502,0.0004601727,0.00013660474,0.000117547206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009953033,0.00016047193,0.00014647313,0.00054186187,0.00009740331,0.00014902113,0.000048830672,0.00006397501,0.000010923325],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021909032,0.00016269273,0.000044191194,0.00003404202,0.000035076886,0.0000011034589,0.00041971545,0.9454529,0.020852717,0.025525404,0.0018346371,0.005418409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088358455,0.0002660848,0.0021613464,0.00003992713,0.000034061242,0.00001737199,0.00064668106,0.10597107,0.0031049983,0.005183079,0.88137335,0.00031848397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17456353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.030805124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87953866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006129674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004657407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9868802},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106236353","doi":"10.1115/1.4027735","title":"Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems: A Review of Existing Studies and Their Applicability to the Canadian Residential Sector","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Work (physics); Agency (philosophy); Process engineering; Computer science; Architectural engineering; Environmental science; Systems engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.027058795972923454,"score_gpt":0.24503752155766,"score_spread":0.21797872558473655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106236353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56679946,0.29988927,0.11238431,0.009719397,0.0039096996,0.0013873447,0.00006838384,0.00024621768,0.005595909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99768203,0.0010629138,0.0003494953,0.00017156976,0.0005874159,0.000041090363,0.0000013743728,0.00003175529,0.00007235621],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985054,0.00011568385,0.0007455808,0.00016140312,0.00021479835,0.00025713365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986742,0.0001842404,0.00023599241,0.0003331228,0.0003418756,0.00023054416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012526475,0.0001938939,0.0005537411,0.000118772674,0.00016587123,0.000047501562,0.00026697482,0.000072345414,0.000006317556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003291259,0.00012586771,0.00013067736,0.0002763984,0.000030864023,0.00008117078,0.000053865027,0.0001766072,0.0000011198757],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023342227,0.00004851975,0.00017745505,0.006491484,0.00093285326,0.000012737981,0.00095307425,0.90330535,0.02853643,0.045677762,0.0008826272,0.012958373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006781568,0.00023400044,0.0039427364,0.014981318,0.0002291463,0.00068248296,0.00080486806,0.047744326,0.0068142517,0.00021748566,0.92297506,0.0006961365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07317506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04734814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92209244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014556381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008079042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97003525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107329605","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-5290-3_2","title":"ENERGETIC, EXERGETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Sustainability; Environmental economics; Thermal energy storage; Environmental pollution; Environmental science; Exergy efficiency; Energy (signal processing); Efficient energy use; Natural resource economics; Process engineering; Engineering; Economics; Environmental protection; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.009006818016955758,"score_gpt":0.20225970700321722,"score_spread":0.19325288898626145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107329605","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0041247853,0.0039760238,0.0008574859,0.00004043216,0.00022711074,0.00031264822,0.00006280984,0.00011126795,0.9902874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.61110055,0.0001850183,0.00002834479,0.000029439347,0.00021663273,0.000037575133,0.000062783685,0.0000980125,0.38824165],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974471,0.00004993431,0.00087537465,0.00070060964,0.00048439894,0.00044263212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982065,0.0001113259,0.00047311632,0.00087665295,0.00009133897,0.0002410861],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027245205,0.0005954334,0.0008108668,0.00021024913,0.00011632882,0.000033468656,0.00028431983,0.0006442147,0.0018744422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000073877745,0.0005367363,0.00022311427,0.000031470154,0.00038282966,0.00006991694,0.00017728905,0.00022391664,0.000035908914],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021356798,0.000064521795,0.00001991915,0.00015215515,0.00013639011,0.000022857488,0.00005558673,0.008403917,0.0015674515,0.9857497,0.000086105785,0.0037199892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053865055,0.00014658527,0.0003998807,0.0000956178,0.00014999277,0.000041723477,0.00029469136,0.001477235,0.0014228055,0.015091758,0.97935486,0.0009862178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008974824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000491018,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9792687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025718802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000092923045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997084},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108372746","doi":"10.1680/geot.2009.59.4.331","title":"Assessing the impact of quartz content on the prediction of soil thermal conductivity","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Géotechnique","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Soil water; Saturation (graph theory); Quartz; Mineralogy; Soil science; Water content; Dryness; Degree of saturation; Mathematics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Materials science; Environmental chemistry; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.05933499251686549,"score_gpt":0.30133584122727486,"score_spread":0.24200084871040936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2108372746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821793,0.000017202814,0.002698558,0.00096886145,0.000024524648,0.0002556796,0.000013463023,0.00006988821,0.013772514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996331,0.0000036089282,0.00005002836,0.000072813644,0.00006565909,0.000058750906,0.000003657272,0.000009679179,0.00010274464],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992066,0.00015511442,0.00025093494,0.000117974756,0.00014242069,0.00012697218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999103,0.00010853008,0.00022672606,0.00046039093,0.0000797806,0.00002157518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004093081,0.000106924424,0.0001587926,0.000031681608,0.00010414354,0.00001796019,0.00018878056,0.00009151859,0.000051303894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003176799,0.000051871877,0.00014967084,0.00015279956,0.000097636184,0.000084744555,0.0000127378435,0.00016014511,0.000002534291],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014943675,0.00017225104,0.00034765308,0.000004194654,0.00004154039,2.8594044e-7,0.00020515523,0.035957754,0.83949935,0.112844646,0.0002506293,0.010661588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000289934,0.0005582441,0.3219052,0.00012338179,0.00002659421,0.000011560046,0.00038738086,0.008269074,0.6617504,0.0056697656,0.0008569373,0.0001515199],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009585231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040260813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32155755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035295903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003973537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99701005},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113408001","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.097","title":"The Performance of a High Solar Fraction Seasonal Storage District Heating System – Five Years of Operation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Procedia","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":349,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Fraction (chemistry); Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Chemistry; Geography; Chromatography","score_opus":0.00611429442538289,"score_gpt":0.19930760426227276,"score_spread":0.19319330983688987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113408001","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996516,0.0003244718,0.0011260819,0.000018807976,0.00019862955,0.00006280317,0.000009716654,0.000038878927,0.0017046236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986636,0.000032073905,0.00018377384,0.0000094902925,0.0003133334,0.00009822501,0.000033182972,0.000019148325,0.0006471924],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990955,0.00005440958,0.00030228143,0.00011947569,0.00022901688,0.00019930412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993016,0.00008616677,0.00024866796,0.00020750005,0.00010043136,0.000055642606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024188941,0.00009862752,0.00016056182,0.000026079135,0.00016187609,0.000014350078,0.00013265423,0.00007338675,0.000014758021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026838301,0.00007859114,0.000050980798,0.00017645523,0.00003912973,0.000199656,0.000028859433,0.00006765951,0.000008901403],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000093442795,0.00020771033,0.011029099,0.00032278665,0.0001579174,6.6361196e-7,0.001246275,0.31701428,0.016316472,0.5905475,0.00025871702,0.06280514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016105375,0.0003785382,0.3673955,0.0005063816,0.00013417575,0.00005745117,0.004271973,0.39741704,0.12435571,0.00011859149,0.10285462,0.0008994909],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006481016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012798955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59042895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000065878965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004320144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9797401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115188273","doi":"10.1109/eicccc.2006.277232","title":"Recent Inter-seasonal Underground Thermal Energy Storage Applications in Canada","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Agricultural Institute of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Thermal energy storage; Solar energy; Energy storage; Meteorology; Borehole; Waste management; Engineering; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.008477302990785298,"score_gpt":0.19917759008761615,"score_spread":0.19070028709683085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115188273","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45544556,0.0007011244,0.014390735,0.0018686462,0.00020506987,0.00026667633,0.000030628613,0.00016075003,0.5269308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917162,0.000018792194,0.000114596696,0.0003284546,0.00017397376,0.00032656596,0.000106183084,0.000028152224,0.0071870754],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884933,0.000045719302,0.00032686038,0.00028071617,0.0001895472,0.00030781567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994022,0.000058112208,0.00007500116,0.00033488325,0.00005014549,0.00007963735],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000054034073,0.00016386107,0.00016085256,0.000054402368,0.00009049863,0.000028547976,0.0002251699,0.000055132787,0.0009522667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002169428,0.00014552617,0.000039910326,0.0003225829,0.00002503985,0.00005160099,0.000039911287,0.000082279104,0.000025230658],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004500875,0.00008902979,0.007208152,0.000004160015,0.000014350077,0.000004322974,0.000009189308,0.09279763,0.0008800735,0.879107,0.0013667635,0.018514808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029665415,0.000006099587,0.040935148,0.0000073036986,0.000005399201,0.000003964361,0.00031136928,0.0060198847,0.00047341347,0.0027149385,0.94896793,0.00025787545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9968075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9983881,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9476012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061007106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044237962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999961},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116691578","doi":"10.1115/1.4031581","title":"Performance Assessment of an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage System for Heating and Cooling Applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Process engineering; Environmental science; Energy (signal processing); Heat pump; Exergy efficiency; Efficient energy use; Thermal energy; Aquifer; Thermal; Thermal energy storage; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Groundwater; Heat exchanger; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.013945398235815084,"score_gpt":0.25524385779277436,"score_spread":0.24129845955695928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116691578","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9712144,0.0007383058,0.023900205,0.00012751081,0.000084602645,0.000081392034,0.000006021881,0.00008098155,0.0037665565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992562,0.00002631972,0.0066676717,0.000033484026,0.00033604502,0.00015084422,0.0000058443215,0.000040169256,0.00017764918],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984464,0.000067570894,0.00077313307,0.00021436013,0.00023782902,0.00026068225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980836,0.00007613793,0.0008641194,0.00036782474,0.0004554136,0.0001528988],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004711546,0.00018351241,0.0004765306,0.0004200533,0.00015401888,0.00002550405,0.00040923565,0.00023939909,0.0000034556372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002062098,0.00015419806,0.00008436977,0.00035557454,0.00014626115,0.00015024577,0.00007623351,0.0001468009,2.4900925e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015786098,0.00026777005,0.003409913,0.00016405838,0.0002583035,0.000008060273,0.00031545453,0.4566216,0.038303718,0.4204839,0.000032832453,0.07997656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004435846,0.002760833,0.0027765015,0.0005089302,0.00028253882,0.0012475213,0.008363843,0.3956681,0.036933992,0.0017306213,0.54443485,0.00085643865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006183185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010050214,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.544402,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009378051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009404396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62880147},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130154173","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00237.x","title":"What do aqueous geothermometers really tell us?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geofluids","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Geology","score_opus":0.009478589536024186,"score_gpt":0.22789903103155668,"score_spread":0.2184204414955325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2130154173","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85297626,0.0030460246,0.0005080849,0.0014709379,0.000531969,0.00024242538,0.000005864417,0.00041903832,0.14079937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809728,0.0006115414,0.00027763948,0.0020169127,0.00033216827,0.000042698433,0.000020345826,0.000038600174,0.01568724],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986255,0.0000474267,0.00030600233,0.0003589631,0.00021234821,0.00044972196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904966,0.000031050367,0.00006763723,0.0006480087,0.000057819747,0.00014584111],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015760532,0.00021290526,0.00022397505,0.00009111306,0.00014097088,0.00019617958,0.00031487813,0.00013860269,0.0006107623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011148223,0.0001910593,0.00012493205,0.00025744445,0.000044109034,0.0002674932,0.000028231661,0.00011130823,0.0009012424],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066034736,0.00029636378,0.00045985047,0.000030051422,0.00013718703,0.00007353658,0.0009684256,0.032616578,0.114018776,0.23709047,0.01362306,0.6006197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004869908,0.00015048198,0.010109091,0.0000717271,0.000023347102,0.000047174526,0.00021385563,0.00090441236,0.0032737204,0.0032460203,0.9810411,0.00043208495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034687582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000105065265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.967418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000062047424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039668514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2134883468","doi":"10.3390/su71013104","title":"Natural and Artificial Methods for Regeneration of Heat Resources for Borehole Heat Exchangers to Enhance the Sustainability of Underground Thermal Storages: A Review","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Luleå Tekniska Universitet; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Borehole; Petroleum engineering; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Sustainability; Environmental science; Drilling; Thermal energy storage; Thermal conduction; Fossil fuel; Regeneration (biology); Geology; Waste management; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Ecology; Composite material","score_opus":0.04219303497519171,"score_gpt":0.40999023150860153,"score_spread":0.3677971965334098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2134883468","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00074396346,0.9747116,0.012397935,0.0022541208,0.00015122198,0.0095334705,0.00011806471,0.000035700257,0.000053905806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.012298681,0.952917,0.006792247,0.00030092237,0.0010843999,0.023382304,0.0004029969,0.00027049542,0.002550956],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954897,0.001495195,0.0014438345,0.00081800565,0.00026130042,0.0004919749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99362004,0.0013778699,0.0004844363,0.0013535693,0.003020749,0.00014331461],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0058063087,0.0004976282,0.0021077665,0.00011422116,0.0002526162,0.000042378535,0.00049310125,0.0002923975,0.0000074365103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033838456,0.00033437574,0.0006549579,0.0006025618,0.00038085785,0.000105837054,0.00016498346,0.00022244759,2.2592651e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008966314,0.00010936597,0.0000012093004,0.11765178,0.00011336101,1.6804393e-7,0.00068685977,0.0013342218,0.000022329434,0.014354058,0.00039307526,0.8652439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001137882,0.00021919269,0.000007536178,0.002019966,0.00052527286,0.0000024713509,0.001292834,0.0003268085,0.000078570185,0.0099973865,0.98508286,0.00033330044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043840045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006799762,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9846898,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011233932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011615145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148550924","doi":"10.1115/ht2013-17209","title":"On Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Pipe With a U-Bend","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Turbulence; Pipe flow; Fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Heat pipe; Micro-loop heat pipe; Materials science; Vortex; Open-channel flow; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.006740031847519442,"score_gpt":0.18592591943003736,"score_spread":0.1791858875825179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148550924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9119283,0.000023367758,0.00082096446,0.0006699591,0.00000873268,0.00013991553,0.0000010025566,0.000037821763,0.08636995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959902,0.0000044420103,0.00021991276,0.00037106694,0.000018497403,0.00018445148,0.0000025679942,0.000013239079,0.0031955792],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955153,0.000013050057,0.00009531374,0.00014855406,0.00006261393,0.00012894135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977136,0.000019892212,0.0000019481622,0.00014083093,0.000013048923,0.00005292939],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000024280625,0.00008234765,0.000094717354,0.00003733158,0.000026808122,0.000023218936,0.00004009345,0.000037149242,0.0011175477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010772787,0.000053564985,0.000012650945,0.000087903034,0.000018903249,0.0000538007,0.0000041221015,0.000040623447,0.00014585607],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006523588,0.00030937933,0.0012799776,0.00004089934,0.00005049221,0.000007989397,0.0011572412,0.09603155,0.06773499,0.8132334,0.0011526177,0.018936252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014554858,0.0019281462,0.17347036,0.0005334665,0.00006167346,0.00015708382,0.0024181646,0.44220337,0.07999391,0.013358152,0.26846743,0.00285337],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032849383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008075128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7998752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008282055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006151643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2148841808","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-1061-5","title":"The geothermal potential of the basal clastics of Saskatchewan, Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrogeology Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Clastic rock; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Geothermal energy; Hydrogeology; Electricity; Geochemistry; Sedimentary rock; Paleontology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.0036752179782979866,"score_gpt":0.1719893629687066,"score_spread":0.16831414499040862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2148841808","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99394804,0.00016304305,0.00018685318,0.0028627864,0.00054216007,0.00008043513,0.0000051879397,0.000004688701,0.0022068054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971486,0.000007831228,0.000056246354,0.00020254085,0.00020000193,0.000011316705,7.396815e-7,0.000013673567,0.002359053],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880654,0.00014317052,0.0004643559,0.00008435119,0.00023343286,0.000268149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989293,0.000106168554,0.00041312794,0.00029918726,0.00018122116,0.000070958406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016868721,0.00010317525,0.00017339634,0.000018685703,0.00029440667,0.000012618852,0.00047816095,0.000082109094,0.00052821584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027062706,0.0000550216,0.00011033463,0.00009854669,0.00028735175,0.00003437248,0.00006847138,0.00024455853,0.000009772425],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007872287,0.00023503817,0.031740397,0.00004126125,0.00095667446,0.00002398826,0.0009872782,0.741788,0.11594281,0.06925263,0.024213431,0.014739721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044579855,0.0004348339,0.43508336,0.00016707435,0.00041948864,0.0032021452,0.0137402415,0.08179205,0.07375817,0.03775854,0.3480829,0.0011031864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.61729676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.62647283,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.659996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029569155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048565125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5783593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150767131","doi":"10.26868/25222708.2007.500","title":"Development and application of test cases for comparing vertical ground heat exchanger models","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Thermal state; Range (aeronautics); Heat load; Test data; Test (biology); Field (mathematics); Environmental science; Engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.02485656305423394,"score_gpt":0.24655848214899473,"score_spread":0.22170191909476078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150767131","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4447396,0.00030490616,0.55359054,0.00016476346,0.000014233617,0.0004126496,0.000006949596,0.00013073857,0.00063559867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94194394,0.000013164797,0.056642134,0.00020238984,0.000077129764,0.0008924887,0.00003200941,0.000041811687,0.00015495242],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861825,0.000014745706,0.00049003283,0.00029885446,0.00016787864,0.00041024404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990288,0.00025065875,0.00007830049,0.00036210762,0.00010000721,0.00018011541],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044453735,0.00019343234,0.00028646088,0.00016156082,0.00018703213,0.000036397345,0.00016506044,0.00015658248,0.000003783396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004672421,0.00019211447,0.000060936076,0.00020335028,0.000066085886,0.00013154338,0.00007454532,0.000090683985,0.0000025189127],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015216079,0.0005632806,0.014654769,0.00019526947,0.00007863697,0.000007888541,0.0009363276,0.049318098,0.108246244,0.7660062,0.000103803606,0.05973734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092853344,0.000117009266,0.053539623,0.0000756073,0.000050763203,0.00011933462,0.00038179723,0.8137635,0.09971138,0.0034893304,0.027267957,0.00055516657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03328511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02260146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7644454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016104852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049050246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99523354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151192937","doi":"10.5539/jgg.v6n3p90","title":"Performance of the Subsurface Hydraulics in a Doublet System Using the ThermoGIS Calculator","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geography and Geology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg","keywords":"Aquifer; Calculator; Geothermal gradient; Hydraulics; Software; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil science; Groundwater; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.008051092937688064,"score_gpt":0.20577978489518445,"score_spread":0.19772869195749637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151192937","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964914,0.0005161612,0.00010262243,0.00037980897,0.00015012303,0.000061086175,5.062922e-7,0.0000036110853,0.002294716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997039,0.000040135856,0.00006721914,0.00007992117,0.00007733715,0.0000027005694,1.2517003e-7,0.0000063527045,0.000022324235],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990849,0.00017331676,0.00039683084,0.00007750747,0.00011880113,0.00014867939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991727,0.00007996467,0.00041610043,0.0002142672,0.00008515671,0.00003185254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005710542,0.000087227156,0.00023310102,0.000083228966,0.00010635484,0.000007978558,0.00023635643,0.000083666106,0.0000056462204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000101398855,0.000044072043,0.000121980505,0.00025940448,0.00018154123,0.00004491575,0.00003887634,0.00016661761,4.8474857e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007866379,0.00005977323,0.6504113,0.00009863581,0.00011850722,0.0000018278137,0.00049303944,0.30044955,0.0034603225,0.041337706,0.000010453052,0.003480203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000812802,0.00012978271,0.93190867,0.00014938961,0.000058339592,0.00032441094,0.00044266798,0.054669533,0.0007592948,0.00029967056,0.010331916,0.00011351005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025911625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005311855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28149736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008085923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001923379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39170796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151599576","doi":"10.3390/su5062519","title":"A Review of the Modelling of Thermally Interacting Multiple Boreholes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Refrigeration; Heat transfer; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Geology; Mechanics","score_opus":0.05209203828810655,"score_gpt":0.3140961628498374,"score_spread":0.26200412456173083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2151599576","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008633154,0.9962362,0.00026530112,0.000077438344,0.00007619544,0.0016707147,0.00002268372,0.00002419038,0.0015409425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005009903,0.9936522,0.00015169158,0.000025943116,0.000057844154,0.0005688474,0.00001720097,0.000047402373,0.00046895808],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99734527,0.00051374914,0.0013500144,0.00034468618,0.00019764897,0.00024863452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99580574,0.00048025648,0.0013645873,0.001380651,0.00092302833,0.000045708086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067733764,0.00031472882,0.0014963369,0.000048450434,0.0000731465,0.000010425878,0.00070299994,0.00017666828,0.0001108398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00091986416,0.00018329885,0.000927767,0.0003992999,0.00015064722,0.00006911096,0.00023607149,0.0003132447,0.0000057603365],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011175224,0.00008137412,0.000014101832,0.38303593,0.000085150095,1.7321759e-7,0.00008911437,0.0071022892,4.8957236e-7,0.0070237564,0.00006276029,0.6025037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000042710933,0.0000073150545,0.0000049198993,0.07038116,0.00020806119,0.000002816728,0.000098290395,0.0008390799,0.00000467077,0.0005644464,0.9276838,0.00016274347],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010930038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007284683,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.927621,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025359952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000582025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99565625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157775002","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2014-0403","title":"Behaviour of a group of energy piles","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne","keywords":"Pile; Piezometer; Geotechnical engineering; Foundation (evidence); Lateral earth pressure; Pile cap; Pore water pressure; Geology; Borehole; Thermistor; Engineering; Structural engineering; Groundwater; Aquifer","score_opus":0.019676434208165266,"score_gpt":0.22579216409456368,"score_spread":0.20611572988639842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157775002","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9273694,0.0022479577,0.018388066,0.003064038,0.00087882875,0.00024414298,0.00016627133,0.0001232663,0.047517993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989125,0.000015948886,0.00039456243,0.00012104953,0.00015674267,0.000009355975,0.000007093693,0.000019967072,0.0003627645],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988493,0.000054699445,0.00048014885,0.000115883005,0.00022309324,0.0002768828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984809,0.000022189783,0.00021745478,0.00026603535,0.00020693851,0.00080644514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028616522,0.000105006344,0.00024462838,0.00020073555,0.000055676857,0.000013944318,0.00033443182,0.00015892228,0.00017319126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000555955,0.00009444765,0.00012419358,0.00023106561,0.00010542514,0.000057886176,0.000023280088,0.00018089141,0.0000079757065],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037817532,0.0002102639,0.0033292056,0.000018280627,0.00011496122,0.000106984175,0.00015726684,0.106507815,0.0059058857,0.8483534,0.010877843,0.024380313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016066073,0.00052670465,0.017206665,0.00018922369,0.00010144153,0.0010631024,0.00056752394,0.004532767,0.0033882,0.02026058,0.9499914,0.000565769],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4436329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.106547214,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93911356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011951998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044897583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90975595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158411091","doi":"10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769151","title":"Verification and analysis of a TRNSYS model of a demonstration house equipped with a solar assisted ground coupled heat pump system","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Province; China Scholarship Council; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"TRNSYS; Moisture; Environmental science; Latent heat; Heat transfer; Heat pump; Phase-change material; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Physics","score_opus":0.03740428974597199,"score_gpt":0.21989207644063472,"score_spread":0.18248778669466273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158411091","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8676446,0.000019786283,0.12751651,0.0000091921065,0.0000057534394,0.00017325132,0.000012219796,0.00008755194,0.0045311353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968034,0.0000053271347,0.0028883065,0.0000064941114,0.000005389962,0.00009170813,0.000026677586,0.000021227825,0.00015144686],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989911,0.000047907728,0.0004449135,0.00022718869,0.00016974397,0.0001191799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914986,0.000022451828,0.0002172873,0.00038525887,0.00016598769,0.0000591767],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017126881,0.0001253613,0.00037348265,0.00019797553,0.000055461096,0.000013037565,0.00008949767,0.000086727625,0.000024828585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000043738437,0.00009708113,0.000077146,0.00058053876,0.00006724588,0.00011325113,0.00001209568,0.000034180917,0.000001616046],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027015034,0.00039989912,0.0055590374,0.0002708573,0.0020510643,0.0000010129872,0.0018025128,0.38644436,0.30560347,0.29694405,0.0000015974576,0.0006519814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004278852,0.00006865294,0.028151896,0.000030464535,0.0007591183,0.000003570565,0.00069032627,0.9642034,0.0055183,0.0000326323,0.0000037981458,0.00010992177],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030898185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038899295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5777591,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028113254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039544717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9755551},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160484596","doi":"10.1115/1.1805540","title":"Thermo-Mechanical Exergy Analysis of Balcova Geothermal District Heating System in Izmir, Turkey","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Process engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.007220242113872469,"score_gpt":0.21903714173146654,"score_spread":0.2118168996175941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2160484596","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99061203,0.0010063609,0.0031497837,0.00030957066,0.00010461303,0.00004941894,0.000008324009,0.0000910697,0.004668843],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998853,0.000047172376,0.0007398022,0.00003833406,0.00013276855,0.000023134397,0.000005480017,0.00004254505,0.00011773732],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972071,0.00011461906,0.001528701,0.00031110877,0.00039763568,0.00044085368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977958,0.0001056487,0.0012147861,0.0005594452,0.00021231906,0.0001119672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039134113,0.00027926374,0.0010973081,0.002077349,0.00008588178,0.000022173559,0.00079075346,0.000469862,0.0000633941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007553839,0.00022961645,0.00046197147,0.0033823138,0.0001555856,0.00009294356,0.000117039635,0.00036106896,0.00000305724],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007342846,0.0002094429,0.0012823029,0.000023485463,0.00081535697,0.000084893494,0.00014826522,0.6650358,0.023610868,0.3023461,0.0000040153714,0.006366056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.031331547,0.0059907385,0.08115219,0.005494828,0.008814111,0.0055297073,0.03697187,0.18821564,0.28873932,0.03454585,0.3068766,0.0063375845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011111585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016718407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47682014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024420072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007109018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9954735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2162838841","doi":"10.1504/ijex.2012.049772","title":"Investigation of a hybrid solar and geothermal driven absorption cooling system for district applications","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Exergy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Absorption refrigerator; Process engineering; Environmental science; Exergy; Geothermal heating; Parametric statistics; Renewable energy; Absorption (acoustics); Geothermal energy; Solar energy; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geology; Engineering; Geophysics; Physics; Refrigeration; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01650826370653879,"score_gpt":0.24309375130420954,"score_spread":0.22658548759767075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2162838841","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89424974,0.000422371,0.10371564,0.00021116757,0.00047521212,0.00019235468,0.000059498907,0.000021631115,0.0006523873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970954,0.00003133521,0.0017392619,0.000030979016,0.00090482086,0.00006988593,0.000032478198,0.000018550558,0.00007727489],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989459,0.000032995278,0.00055320206,0.00008780577,0.00024855186,0.000131539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998536,0.000099679375,0.0006788405,0.000099821256,0.00048203647,0.000103646795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026384447,0.00009651558,0.00018319607,0.00015016689,0.000054938144,0.000026578806,0.00020883893,0.000040080864,0.000016061009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025940071,0.0000875857,0.00010251703,0.00007024235,0.0000482511,0.00026282526,0.000025581638,0.000065250446,0.0000042151555],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000439873,0.00028505974,0.020651286,0.00030957095,0.0010570455,0.000006210731,0.0012216063,0.07689864,0.2404462,0.61637247,0.000493382,0.041818693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010091067,0.0006002465,0.111019224,0.0017739491,0.00074424694,0.003084361,0.0038905055,0.07707932,0.352708,0.008302832,0.429096,0.0016102126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037806827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011827808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6080696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008930465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041718908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3571641},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171975465","doi":"10.1088/1742-2132/7/3/002","title":"Heat flow, depth–temperature variations and stored thermal energy for enhanced geothermal systems in Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; NGC Aerospace (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Thermal conductivity; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Thermal reservoir; Geology; Drilling; Heat flow; Renewable energy; Volumetric heat capacity; Thermal energy; Thermal; Petrology; Heat transfer; Geophysics; Meteorology; Mechanics; Geography; Heat spreader; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0029742058355082942,"score_gpt":0.16544709331184443,"score_spread":0.16247288747633615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2171975465","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99607354,0.0002863343,0.002769603,0.000079341065,0.000590014,0.000057079324,0.000012084875,0.0000069301204,0.00012506987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988596,0.000022835638,0.00045738494,0.000025041258,0.0005186918,0.000024847037,0.0000034222683,0.00002430719,0.000063869964],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999331,0.000009022773,0.00028065618,0.00009916761,0.000102559345,0.00017758798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996009,0.00006545191,0.00006098554,0.0000966511,0.00007990594,0.0000961335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000086602806,0.0001250318,0.00022856156,0.000055610282,0.000056237954,0.00004440777,0.00007537309,0.000063972606,0.0000038937887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001022255,0.00010905617,0.000036771486,0.00008718385,0.000007977134,0.00010806766,0.000012458392,0.00017354793,9.5843816e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009481869,0.00001277347,0.00005707568,0.00003550301,0.000041374296,0.000002785234,0.00010685497,0.524813,0.45337665,0.01909548,0.000013970348,0.0024350474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002154045,0.0001003881,0.04553177,0.00017582423,0.000057195128,0.00010234321,0.00030614604,0.9043514,0.010069394,0.00020558621,0.036355563,0.0005903496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3824191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2290161,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44330725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004377364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013602119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78505236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2182494905","doi":"","title":"Potential of decentralized heat pumps to improve the financial viability of a solar district heating system with seasonal thermal storage","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Capital cost; Thermal energy storage; Solar water heating; Component (thermodynamics); Environmental science; Fraction (chemistry); Solar energy; Photovoltaic system; Life-cycle cost analysis; Engineering; Process engineering; Environmental economics; Meteorology; Environmental engineering; Reliability engineering; Economics; Electrical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.003898465290737191,"score_gpt":0.19137821131779462,"score_spread":0.18747974602705741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2182494905","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13998987,0.0013187495,0.8307344,0.0007564056,0.00037501508,0.0043150904,0.0010320247,0.0010105878,0.020467922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847038,0.000013990646,0.0063469997,0.00018080701,0.0004362572,0.0012641036,0.00007389232,0.0004315786,0.0065486142],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967578,0.0003720893,0.00085747376,0.0006487274,0.0006400858,0.0007238441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971822,0.00010289761,0.00072645326,0.0015288169,0.00017725411,0.00028237645],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006687155,0.0006038886,0.0010504713,0.00024162728,0.00018337206,0.00006076149,0.0008469754,0.0005618058,0.0001706112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009636139,0.0004311543,0.0003626947,0.00053563004,0.00019061935,0.000057049532,0.00019417064,0.00041221417,0.0000112267135],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016083309,0.0014474955,0.008462545,0.0034828875,0.0012063558,0.0000618046,0.0007672716,0.66555065,0.0902983,0.17890659,0.008048308,0.040159468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057644723,0.0016768329,0.07077334,0.0033418804,0.0011019374,0.00023167112,0.00075832935,0.7442252,0.029010376,0.00022066633,0.13914052,0.003754757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2657812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020281093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84471387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003182199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034026438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2183278340","doi":"","title":"Shallow Geothermal Energy Resource in Canada - Heat gain and heat sink","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Sink (geography); Heat energy; Heat sink; Hydrology (agriculture); Thermal reservoir; Heat transmission; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Engineering; Materials science; Geophysics; Heat spreader","score_opus":0.0058486641034237825,"score_gpt":0.18488869641485806,"score_spread":0.17904003231143428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2183278340","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8623318,0.000088617475,0.000060785267,0.0014088203,0.00008983031,0.000057319758,0.0000060049897,0.000049288425,0.13590752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903591,0.000006174178,0.0001190877,0.0013907129,0.00013890151,0.00005193762,0.000013674399,0.000032231615,0.007888144],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989161,0.000039931114,0.00025272582,0.00029607647,0.00015420266,0.000340999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993811,0.000061784245,0.000018212908,0.00035710738,0.000018949313,0.00016281381],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009640507,0.00016592124,0.00019207399,0.00005513617,0.00008379528,0.00003016166,0.00016298055,0.00009424258,0.00089870207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008202326,0.00014481627,0.000027772357,0.00014507039,0.00004103735,0.000054718625,0.000048141526,0.00015629493,0.0000101178475],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042136824,0.0001368211,0.030042572,0.000032051863,0.000056435434,0.00007106547,0.00031223954,0.16032356,0.10954679,0.6695631,0.004727663,0.025145538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006009192,0.000016009697,0.027349448,0.000015152426,0.0000052557757,0.000042526368,0.00032549698,0.039855007,0.0029487729,0.00035422426,0.92811286,0.00037431266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9981723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9992454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9233852,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007423542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018956608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98401576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2185306564","doi":"10.1109/irsec.2015.7455023","title":"Study of an air conditioning and heating system incorporating a Canadian well in continental areas, cases of Rabat","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Air conditioning; Ventilation (architecture); Environmental engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Geography; Geology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.02151426626432144,"score_gpt":0.23944331769417382,"score_spread":0.2179290514298524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2185306564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795642,0.000025665626,0.0000075210914,0.000014667154,0.000022736956,0.00019634214,0.00001062478,0.000021546095,0.020136679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996397,7.304486e-8,0.000167732,0.000011722488,0.000024253603,0.00003775175,0.00002061526,0.000011366948,0.00008681422],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991849,0.00008220308,0.00037532038,0.00014220044,0.00009914432,0.00011623505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999436,0.00003961538,0.00015783512,0.00014036868,0.00008144021,0.00014469307],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022560915,0.000083429484,0.0002192324,0.0001175943,0.000051746403,0.000009872715,0.000058832968,0.00003611552,0.000011280856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022024324,0.00007745248,0.000012469662,0.00015133934,0.000026897156,0.00009527015,0.000018334867,0.000039694223,0.0000013781683],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049055812,0.0006392898,0.64088887,0.00020926511,0.000094146235,0.00016681604,0.009863671,0.22400133,0.0024029901,0.120280705,0.000046393063,0.0013574399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0067361468,0.0012483657,0.15631196,0.00069617725,0.000061334016,0.00043461315,0.74349695,0.08334106,0.0064505883,0.0001815914,0.00038124906,0.0006599805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9490661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9010223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7336333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060400365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007883762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31584206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2204510193","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.12.001","title":"Energy pile foundation simulation for different configurations of ground source heat exchanger","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Foundation (evidence); Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Heat transfer; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Heat spreader; Mechanics; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.06841751282180497,"score_gpt":0.31095633935234424,"score_spread":0.24253882653053926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2204510193","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26383844,0.0007975315,0.70322376,0.005005311,0.00044401057,0.0008319638,0.00011021755,0.00010616027,0.025642611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99681675,0.00016642046,0.0007787759,0.00011032986,0.00008616218,0.000651021,0.0006221549,0.000023401031,0.00074496923],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890953,0.00008953946,0.0004902534,0.00019252041,0.00018387119,0.00013429856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987057,0.0003356629,0.000030616535,0.00047726004,0.00038144656,0.00006930061],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018436286,0.00013902201,0.00018954741,0.00018657157,0.000113380716,0.000047252906,0.00034424584,0.00009265186,0.00006535971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003687406,0.00013578826,0.00006386258,0.00015802821,0.00010879478,0.00020682979,0.000036837453,0.000080038146,0.0000033203587],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015472787,0.0003559861,0.0009685844,0.000027390664,0.000096457705,1.3720654e-7,0.0015476787,0.28310236,0.014920524,0.6860794,0.00004774329,0.012699058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022919385,0.00007987382,0.0017458899,0.000056145553,0.00003317047,0.0000021861883,0.0005015103,0.69049025,0.0014620364,0.0093002375,0.293817,0.00021976774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005110396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003080934,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73297834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009245571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003577675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7725424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2221177270","doi":"","title":"Chapter 8: Case study: Downtown Toronto open loop geothermal cooling system - part II","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Downtown; Geothermal gradient; Water cooling; Meteorology; Environmental science; Engineering; Geography; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Archaeology","score_opus":0.053610016004874916,"score_gpt":0.2855818598195761,"score_spread":0.2319718438147012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2221177270","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59776694,0.00010606489,0.00010332372,0.000070502705,0.00026106063,0.0005899044,0.0000062427293,0.00022591524,0.40087005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9601834,0.0000010666605,0.00015109946,0.00014940754,0.00036886442,0.00037647178,0.000006491637,0.000050423747,0.03871277],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844915,0.000080088306,0.0004572494,0.00043045188,0.00023647284,0.00034657243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864596,0.000019180152,0.00012597615,0.0007529723,0.00014603899,0.00030984887],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005044872,0.00023674115,0.00033639465,0.000023812745,0.00034132795,0.0001655684,0.0004764039,0.000087374676,0.002070658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000074390996,0.00018760536,0.00006030197,0.0000777072,0.00002751869,0.00036743804,0.00039020853,0.00006919107,0.00035736305],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013064504,0.0010617065,0.0010932437,0.000046587193,0.00042459296,0.0018616407,0.008944253,0.049564406,0.0002645562,0.91446596,0.0028083585,0.019334039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047370265,0.0006412827,0.0003149677,0.00009668412,0.00013874902,0.0034971456,0.1254524,0.023323704,0.0003007042,0.000057513582,0.8402499,0.0011899129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6575574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14507811,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91440845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016386472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048483627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2234632838","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.122","title":"Numerical heat transfer comparison study of hybrid and non-hybrid ground source heat pump systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; HVAC; Sizing; Air conditioning; Engineering; Overheating (electricity); Heat transfer; Fouling; Air source heat pumps; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Electrical engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.012381809009904543,"score_gpt":0.22123356943744196,"score_spread":0.20885176042753742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2234632838","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9539553,0.00017595805,0.036842007,0.00008934652,0.00015239151,0.00030304605,0.000013036465,0.00013002196,0.008338874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99818933,0.000024991656,0.000015671636,0.00006462073,0.00023700032,0.0004981521,0.000016635437,0.000085165164,0.000868409],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99773276,0.00008837172,0.0007434735,0.00061498565,0.00036773185,0.00045268383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885815,0.0001503374,0.00004816839,0.0006660172,0.000057910376,0.00021940416],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015035001,0.00036572924,0.0007428264,0.00010881074,0.00017048481,0.0000489605,0.0002929561,0.000075623306,0.00006783709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003035198,0.0002667469,0.00008666043,0.00019041859,0.00011022044,0.000077432895,0.000058589496,0.00009406307,0.000034451758],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041589394,0.0031127892,0.0018280322,0.00016843989,0.00074864615,0.000022253,0.0011907056,0.60471374,0.16545564,0.20032679,0.00070886686,0.021308227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018393425,0.0027361452,0.006745307,0.0003874994,0.00056387717,0.0003023305,0.0064754984,0.081954025,0.22918798,0.0010751146,0.64845145,0.0037273588],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07379023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005658936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64774257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053839478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022801594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2241769725","doi":"10.1142/s2010132516300019","title":"Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers — A Conceptual and Comparative Review","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Luleå Tekniska Universitet","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Rock mass classification; Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal heating; Geology; Geothermal energy; Convection; Groundwater; Geotechnical engineering; Mining engineering; Geophysics; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.04347648441282747,"score_gpt":0.3014795736459626,"score_spread":0.25800308923313514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2241769725","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9037455,0.03809161,0.013316347,0.015575017,0.0019868284,0.00037501554,0.000035049412,0.0000710897,0.026803602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967781,0.00083517673,0.0006747085,0.0008036856,0.0004628013,0.000012877742,0.000057954585,0.000006524076,0.00036821433],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990704,0.000076429016,0.0003771926,0.00011110015,0.00028390597,0.00008093847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898434,0.00005043296,0.00022816603,0.00005729253,0.00056392717,0.00011584744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002795061,0.000096650365,0.00019497728,0.00008922893,0.00008967991,0.000058048616,0.00008405242,0.000045311088,0.000051750667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051810395,0.00007805453,0.00004239221,0.000061022336,0.00010219298,0.00033680678,0.000018171437,0.00010828345,0.00000881854],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004291529,0.0005348035,0.0022013073,0.00023279192,0.0016271564,0.00015660046,0.025700338,0.15180504,0.017729703,0.71658874,0.047756054,0.035238326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008544437,0.0012484604,0.013261574,0.005463465,0.00034261946,0.003367144,0.013390149,0.027687669,0.008086241,0.011773661,0.90565544,0.0011791106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027250074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006517985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8578994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004722939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31829715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2262860232","doi":"10.2136/vzj2015.05.0078","title":"Numerical Modeling of a Soil‐Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vadose Zone Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; Leidos; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Thermal conductivity; Heat transfer; Volumetric heat capacity; Soil water; Thermal energy; Environmental science; Soil thermal properties; Soil science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Heat transfer coefficient; Materials science; Hydraulic conductivity; Composite material","score_opus":0.01480080443277265,"score_gpt":0.21488580163484206,"score_spread":0.2000849972020694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2262860232","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61687034,0.00048661986,0.36727345,0.00043826504,0.00038601574,0.000057221416,0.000009564716,0.00012008061,0.014358449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968797,0.000027104583,0.00052675634,0.00004255166,0.0006827645,0.000020057783,0.0000013169588,0.00005035968,0.0017693749],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983176,0.0001380473,0.00062650203,0.00020800502,0.0003532754,0.00035656558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890494,0.00004801779,0.0003223392,0.0003526749,0.00015744662,0.00021457308],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029153636,0.0001913937,0.00034228433,0.00012287877,0.00017451085,0.000034724686,0.00030401372,0.00011821486,0.00022021524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013952961,0.00012002205,0.00021110539,0.00018832278,0.000039549624,0.00016147754,0.000041391293,0.00013648512,0.00006177062],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056753317,0.00013484899,0.00017919643,0.000023241546,0.00013091168,0.00003432683,0.00016699554,0.84988767,0.050081313,0.07789181,0.00021032267,0.021202615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033924398,0.00025267003,0.0009842253,0.00086842524,0.00010335096,0.0010873179,0.00071081554,0.92946666,0.010060949,0.000673611,0.051597174,0.0008023455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035986733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000065011314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38000938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010995106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008546389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54401416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2271134491","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-07896-0_35","title":"Thermal Interactions of Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers for Varying Seasonal Heat Flux","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Heat flux; Environmental science; Thermal; Atmospheric sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology; Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Geology; Geography; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.02950853053132206,"score_gpt":0.2530067607662688,"score_spread":0.22349823023494675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2271134491","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015288595,0.00014536674,0.008515145,0.00047107085,0.00042259626,0.00037012942,0.000060456387,0.000111922505,0.9883745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3594555,0.000007868843,0.0004816007,0.00032514104,0.0009467532,0.00021394716,0.0002241119,0.00012794376,0.63821715],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861574,0.000018596937,0.0004660497,0.00038816084,0.00022388442,0.00028754465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989656,0.00024668104,0.000055358905,0.00044916692,0.00014328428,0.0001398726],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010440936,0.00033475045,0.00048794787,0.00010145763,0.0001359267,0.000030786687,0.0002150336,0.0002734541,0.0051696114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010505137,0.00029404432,0.00038323732,0.000025920976,0.000095548465,0.000061564664,0.000060486058,0.00019509628,0.00020733087],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045516877,0.00003088857,0.0000022863412,0.000096361866,0.00021757827,7.723999e-7,0.000062699764,0.007536002,0.006023564,0.98095053,0.001726532,0.0033072552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005309914,0.00009428802,0.000035301066,0.00021851699,0.00015155048,0.00001337311,0.00002003727,0.015133658,0.0011211853,0.0031035647,0.97912204,0.00045551267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025142622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005308256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.977847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081451086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004568397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999512},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2288077598","doi":"","title":"Développement et validation expérimentale de facteurs de réponse thermique pour champs de puits géothermiques","year":2014,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.016193016381750792,"score_gpt":0.2655579710173849,"score_spread":0.24936495463563407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2288077598","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42382443,0.0014140331,0.5274103,0.03914764,0.00018577983,0.00091232243,0.00008892605,0.00080233,0.0062142042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90464616,0.0011887014,0.06544438,0.0093863765,0.00062853674,0.0024569458,0.00013198068,0.00031399814,0.0158029],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99406344,0.0018659557,0.0009735913,0.00083841203,0.00042533336,0.0018332491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967281,0.00035581482,0.00061920506,0.0013091386,0.00018380967,0.000803935],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030424574,0.0008083597,0.0006600894,0.00037733748,0.0004539881,0.00040103134,0.00085738424,0.0008756059,0.00068111124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000263239,0.0009078292,0.0003759739,0.00048700778,0.00018242479,0.0004393921,0.00028810953,0.0007071513,0.00016504187],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014394292,0.0013501818,0.037146196,0.00021129845,0.00029350782,0.000053788164,0.003684867,0.12382181,0.32791123,0.43790486,0.0055881017,0.061890207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016894492,0.0003444383,0.090460785,0.0005533274,0.00018112734,0.00058721314,0.0009305181,0.20939794,0.53537947,0.03170363,0.12705101,0.0017211062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19761202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020400245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48082176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002621823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00095197017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99933726},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2306898755","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.025","title":"Solar community heating and cooling system with borehole thermal energy storage – Review of systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Process engineering; Heating system; Energy storage; Borehole; Energy engineering; Thermal energy; Solar energy; Engineering; Efficient energy use; Mechanical engineering; Waste management; Petroleum engineering; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.013911904440363488,"score_gpt":0.22370837615368172,"score_spread":0.20979647171331822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2306898755","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.032401167,0.88736546,0.03556809,0.00023876656,0.00011466157,0.00086940534,0.000023391884,0.00024212727,0.043176904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86636305,0.11755438,0.00016194407,0.00024095076,0.0001479818,0.0005308272,0.000023072547,0.00007601625,0.014901761],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968349,0.00094500324,0.00094697904,0.0003984207,0.00023992031,0.000634809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776334,0.0002106318,0.0006110642,0.000886114,0.0003080441,0.00022080098],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018358091,0.0003991892,0.0011964639,0.00011383728,0.000600465,0.00006482296,0.00027563926,0.00013748526,0.000021351205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008019331,0.00023842581,0.00010810318,0.00042679798,0.00015371533,0.00028857833,0.00018524454,0.00011260099,0.0000015527554],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000111878326,0.00021143781,0.00046515715,0.07681615,0.000333309,0.00007116281,0.00034379592,0.024280189,0.0077124243,0.8164337,0.0015866334,0.071634136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007244801,0.00018908651,0.000045415003,0.025972312,0.00013120561,0.00013199262,0.0021350228,0.001572193,0.0009965746,0.00009183176,0.96749574,0.0005141384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1544334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00095681625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9659091,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001223378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011034213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9722723},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2313298844","doi":"10.3390/wsf-4-a008","title":"Recovery of Sewer Waste Heat vs. Heat Pumps Using Borehole Geothermal Energy Storage for a Small Community Water Heating System: Comparison and Feasibility Analysis","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Waste heat; Waste management; Heat exchanger; Geothermal heating; Energy consumption; Heat pump; Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Renewable heat; Greenhouse gas; Environmental engineering; Energy recovery; Waste heat recovery unit; Thermal energy storage; Natural gas; Heating system; Heat recovery ventilation; Engineering; Hybrid heat; Energy (signal processing); Geology; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.03965527015357601,"score_gpt":0.2618540557604262,"score_spread":0.2221987856068502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2313298844","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9020421,0.00006389052,0.09455577,0.000055351713,0.00007249585,0.00024699123,0.000036675778,0.00009605704,0.0028306511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99658906,0.0000016547609,0.0024610008,0.00011276389,0.00012005439,0.00008335223,0.00011990094,0.000049429054,0.00046280096],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974788,0.0006483473,0.00083963695,0.00040177305,0.00018298128,0.0004484587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983068,0.0002704875,0.00013399396,0.0009416115,0.00019408207,0.00015301106],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011504482,0.0003065637,0.0009285738,0.00019266833,0.00050886034,0.00007530747,0.00025414227,0.0001787545,0.00005348472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002376488,0.00023413057,0.0003080292,0.0002915896,0.0001040398,0.00012961322,0.00014445605,0.0001584711,0.000001821188],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009342334,0.00019955535,0.008979388,0.0003444174,0.00043361637,2.1476312e-7,0.00052319985,0.9397118,0.043915354,0.0053305193,0.000011875977,0.000456654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008390905,0.00016540181,0.0029558155,0.000077668126,0.0004296138,0.000005426894,0.0015490628,0.960042,0.03179862,0.00011130871,0.001677977,0.0003480388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.30390003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022014601,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28188545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013232032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020066323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958311},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2315511163","doi":"10.1061/9780784412121.451","title":"Efficiency of a Community-Scale Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Technique for Solar Thermal Energy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GeoCongress 2012","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Thermal; Solar energy; Thermal energy; Heat transfer; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Geology; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Electrical engineering; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.015880163176347148,"score_gpt":0.24472857851875526,"score_spread":0.22884841534240813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2315511163","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7531132,0.0046994067,0.13797154,0.00034100417,0.001212334,0.0012288741,0.0003670559,0.00051523914,0.10055133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99244964,0.000013553744,0.00071079115,0.000206348,0.00052062876,0.0016344702,0.00011713142,0.00009780989,0.004249615],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99772847,0.00038192645,0.000556542,0.00022136966,0.0002667922,0.00084491144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979477,0.0002211501,0.0003652531,0.0010567388,0.00017848318,0.00023066472],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007391209,0.0003557328,0.00047792093,0.00015413643,0.0004378766,0.000029743356,0.0007055585,0.0003099495,0.00041003522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020608995,0.0003138481,0.00026401368,0.00026031028,0.00022027624,0.00039820408,0.00018818388,0.00023837987,0.000022497446],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015071072,0.002305289,0.0013895831,0.00021202072,0.00023580673,0.000001621213,0.0028554325,0.016099533,0.63447136,0.29135856,0.0028185272,0.048101585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010511634,0.00017194885,0.0047054887,0.00007208642,0.000079320664,0.000018166746,0.0005824986,0.0010130886,0.3517207,0.00063288887,0.63928866,0.0006640325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014993287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007977111,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63647014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004494416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051367817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2316725492","doi":"10.2514/6.2004-494","title":"Numerical and Experimental PIV/PLIF Studies of Entropy Production in Natural Convection","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Entropy production; Natural convection; Convection; Mechanics; Entropy (arrow of time); Computer science; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.01900950030151238,"score_gpt":0.27920568343973606,"score_spread":0.2601961831382237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2316725492","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99491477,0.0028682256,0.00000873152,0.0009485537,0.00022306315,0.000094174924,3.2014088e-7,0.000029680608,0.0009124545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989277,0.000082376515,0.0006699691,0.000027350423,0.000085252665,0.000023122197,6.5274907e-7,0.000005704593,0.00017786291],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991006,0.000035128185,0.00019320201,0.00032368724,0.00016354262,0.00018383017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971676,0.000028582486,0.000101868114,0.000078757424,0.000034223292,0.000039810446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030545608,0.00010613574,0.00017747743,0.000060216495,0.00023626108,0.000031621716,0.0000543562,0.000033792352,0.0000032355301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006314648,0.000084486586,0.000021567199,0.00029541302,0.00038690947,0.00014388197,0.00003526912,0.00006797929,0.0000019463419],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048511418,0.00020353931,0.017182117,0.000101175865,0.000034613728,0.0000023433058,0.010861416,0.13504316,0.79972386,0.034039665,0.00005081123,0.0027087973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017075269,0.00047907082,0.01524746,0.00061175146,0.000020693402,0.00007955033,0.037440345,0.0034925318,0.93756527,0.0016860183,0.0011269819,0.0005427751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004551912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028700475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13784145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003651502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020473326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.688116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2321898460","doi":"10.1061/9780784413272.271","title":"Thermo-TDR Probe for Measurement of Soil Moisture, Density, and Thermal Properties","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geo-Congress 2014 Technical Papers","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Thermal conductivity; Water content; Moisture; Thermal; Soil science; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Bulk density; Soil water; Materials science; Soil thermal properties; Characterization (materials science); Geotechnical engineering; Remote sensing; Geology; Composite material; Meteorology; Hydraulic conductivity; Geophysics","score_opus":0.018720892094233454,"score_gpt":0.21583148514837833,"score_spread":0.19711059305414488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2321898460","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90419567,0.0014047229,0.0021597361,0.0020915533,0.00044043653,0.0021787675,0.000019764551,0.00060224865,0.086907096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979838,0.000019561909,0.00039946477,0.00017933163,0.00013933351,0.00047501884,0.000005478063,0.000046037276,0.0007519368],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984404,0.00007855357,0.00040405177,0.0003914511,0.00034884716,0.0003366964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889344,0.00006133441,0.00018706503,0.00052122603,0.0002255809,0.00011133623],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005974658,0.00023860844,0.0003792616,0.000047868998,0.00015392563,0.000032881897,0.0002953092,0.00020608459,0.00004231383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012128823,0.00017143883,0.0001341052,0.00006891221,0.0002629761,0.000057857847,0.00010663595,0.00013039591,0.000014436307],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000099867466,0.00013254606,0.00088463014,0.00019862589,0.00009111418,4.0029175e-7,0.000062002815,0.0023129156,0.90132886,0.07851387,0.0005816993,0.015793456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057944795,0.0010468935,0.20068371,0.00086218276,0.00047476817,0.000049082155,0.0002849729,0.0050634807,0.34867495,0.008872764,0.42592287,0.0022698601],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023211348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023203013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5526539,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003360677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032541728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6991072},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2323160379","doi":"10.3390/wsf3-d006","title":"Exergy Storage in the Ground","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Strong","keywords":"Heat pump; Hybrid heat; Nuclear engineering; Thermal energy storage; Air source heat pumps; Renewable heat; Passive cooling; Storage heater; Thermosiphon; Heat spreader; Copper in heat exchangers; Decay heat; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Heat sink; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Plate fin heat exchanger; Thermodynamics; Plate heat exchanger; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.013335470498379414,"score_gpt":0.21554688166072078,"score_spread":0.20221141116234137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2323160379","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5605786,0.000029905887,0.00020406942,0.0013129677,0.000034495857,0.00010116323,2.1473194e-7,0.00003612658,0.4377025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98153406,0.000002101369,0.00007749631,0.000765572,0.00006929069,0.00025242177,0.0000025406239,0.0000072154035,0.0172893],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995706,0.000034587007,0.00010737999,0.000090063564,0.000075838296,0.000121539495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999672,0.000033187614,0.00001807601,0.00024390071,0.000013180067,0.000019674146],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000075264994,0.00005397437,0.00005528194,0.000021420747,0.00004121612,0.000042111315,0.00017053122,0.000030321913,0.0021988095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000033344231,0.00003085896,0.000022851236,0.00012589175,0.000014869619,0.00007181361,0.000012539573,0.000045032484,0.0011727144],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.9370858e-7,0.000042693373,0.00015730756,0.00000209527,0.0000036276058,0.0000010406186,0.00032433734,0.005892956,0.0012205779,0.9835419,0.0033580002,0.005455077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002698162,0.000016386219,0.10628303,0.0000059302656,0.0000025681359,0.000009795815,0.0020463844,0.0053905966,0.00015290575,0.011922475,0.8737273,0.00017280174],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.124581784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004855888,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9716194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009957564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000046069836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2324890451","doi":"10.1061/9780784412121.449","title":"Comparison of Laboratory Methods for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GeoCongress 2012","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Saturation (graph theory); Materials science; Tempe; Evaporation; Moisture; Hydraulic conductivity; Soil water; Thermal; Water content; Porous medium; Sample (material); Soil science; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Porosity; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Geology; Chemistry; Mathematics; Chromatography","score_opus":0.08176960010541484,"score_gpt":0.37862581095857034,"score_spread":0.2968562108531555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2324890451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866148,0.0029532688,0.0055534225,0.000038639995,0.00051382603,0.0003572411,0.000059860882,0.000055544555,0.0038533562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927579,0.000002335275,0.0065193875,0.000010695573,0.00017467832,0.00014872945,0.000015114961,0.000028394912,0.0003427477],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987301,0.00022997305,0.00043337524,0.00014884482,0.00012198924,0.0003357209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99857724,0.00023401812,0.00041633096,0.00037292283,0.0003017648,0.000097714335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007983941,0.00015234113,0.00045431653,0.00006290613,0.0000673715,0.0000071612208,0.00017894435,0.00013601179,0.00016121755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006895277,0.00013210942,0.000103126426,0.00017799801,0.00010710551,0.000292769,0.000038148642,0.00009113035,0.000009847114],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059876522,0.00042193264,0.018910747,0.00022237227,0.00020285072,5.1153883e-8,0.0009172363,0.00865824,0.87178063,0.06140407,0.00022799619,0.037193976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005647144,0.000033366443,0.028353238,0.000043967142,0.00006851473,7.963867e-7,0.00030155113,0.0019261552,0.909708,0.00014365207,0.05863326,0.00022278001],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011086192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006887531,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06126042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001714051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003777792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53872657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326805609","doi":"10.1115/power2007-22137","title":"Residential Total Energy System Testing at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; Thermostat; Heat pump; Work (physics); Engineering; Waste heat; Environmental science; Waste management; Waste heat recovery unit; Heat sink; Heating system; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Electricity generation","score_opus":0.012445044741059424,"score_gpt":0.21363859092071474,"score_spread":0.20119354617965532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2326805609","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5130328,0.0002981714,0.013240394,0.006422764,0.00091130205,0.00064234727,0.00003579653,0.0010368883,0.46437955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797695,1.8951015e-7,0.00091888447,0.000120968325,0.00033291432,0.000042351498,0.000011774971,0.00003323865,0.018770143],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886394,0.000015693233,0.0002674143,0.00023330112,0.00011053264,0.0005091494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922097,0.0001168198,0.00008529832,0.0003291817,0.00012318186,0.00012455201],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023895425,0.00012414229,0.00012397194,0.00013775562,0.000871692,0.000049062783,0.00018026812,0.00016254836,0.000065811706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041557934,0.000091026835,0.000055458477,0.00036267473,0.00005960508,0.000030818504,0.000048685706,0.00005771496,0.000041143616],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007341763,0.000007896428,0.0008440945,0.00001638921,0.000032378743,0.000011117751,0.00004621386,0.012405283,0.00547725,0.96690834,0.001345603,0.012898125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008029926,0.000043570566,0.002550798,0.00010401897,0.00006326039,0.0002949284,0.0034670029,0.019857677,0.036603343,0.0010330373,0.93457425,0.0006051356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8447838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98201776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96587527,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038567034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010251408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6704439},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2326870256","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2012-0205","title":"Guidelines and the design approach for vertical geothermal heat pump systems: current status and perspective","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Sustainability; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Context (archaeology); Renewable energy; Pace; Environmental economics; Work (physics); Geothermal heating; Civil engineering; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental planning; Engineering; Business; Environmental science; Economics; Mechanical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.03720937832733631,"score_gpt":0.26727721930483506,"score_spread":0.23006784097749874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2326870256","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021348873,0.01670838,0.9415733,0.014659614,0.0005813121,0.001925104,0.00005374659,0.00012714001,0.0030225194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99678874,0.00026286356,0.0012153217,0.0005163912,0.00083359936,0.00021651758,0.0000042135543,0.000039367394,0.00012296553],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983085,0.00024624701,0.0004289284,0.0002846626,0.00016967813,0.00056201394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983541,0.00026756458,0.000054646804,0.00024430026,0.00029464407,0.0007847834],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011211039,0.00019367906,0.00031334985,0.00010088156,0.0005335432,0.00022907034,0.00020990921,0.0001415626,0.000014301412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044645683,0.00012491146,0.00008992677,0.00010247056,0.0003228231,0.00007283642,0.000030943538,0.00035083725,0.0000034246757],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008467294,0.00002221593,0.000033327997,0.000024931127,0.000071001516,0.000001683265,0.00015509935,0.3063109,0.000071203234,0.6833288,0.0013226478,0.008573513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016561248,0.00007447355,0.00037756716,0.00004569833,0.00007029177,0.0003289833,0.0005129041,0.7394318,0.000010073818,0.0051062154,0.2521569,0.00022898706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10338231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002557508,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9754399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019167872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024057819,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90258837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2331885770","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.03.01.002","title":"Potential Geothermal Energy Utilization in Jordan: Possible Electrical Power Generation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Al-Balqa' Applied University","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Electric potential energy; Electricity generation; Environmental science; Electric power; Power (physics); Geology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.005301136050103505,"score_gpt":0.18987936842233014,"score_spread":0.18457823237222662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2331885770","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963844,0.00015844844,0.0023300173,0.00013182932,0.00061397627,0.00002423363,0.000004733762,0.000008898996,0.00034345302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987197,0.000059517904,0.00039262674,0.00006808961,0.00053895154,0.000005160212,0.000015904703,0.00002102575,0.00017904924],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914986,0.000014857231,0.00033367338,0.00011294144,0.00024851688,0.00014013512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997086,0.000012520896,0.00012033038,0.000069339374,0.000017352713,0.000071880815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000105093815,0.000117726755,0.000119324315,0.00015746645,0.000028741051,0.000056477078,0.00017222304,0.00008001121,0.0002491281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008358232,0.000107316555,0.00006317023,0.000049640865,0.000024138799,0.0003103072,0.000035864712,0.00018523257,0.000003505322],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024684661,0.00008257886,0.00081687525,6.853169e-7,0.000039071434,0.000025884383,0.000051214425,0.30566856,0.6677447,0.019347928,0.000006573691,0.006191268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028417483,0.00021130515,0.15627608,0.00004885333,0.000037141755,0.00129896,0.00010944091,0.7060233,0.07674415,0.00032897116,0.055432968,0.00064712483],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022521357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032264146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5910005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048689766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010176534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43762422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2342188981","doi":"10.3390/en9040291","title":"Study on the System Design of a Solar Assisted Ground Heat Pump System Using Dynamic Simulation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Coefficient of performance; Environmental science; Storage tank; Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Systems design; Dynamic simulation; Solar energy; Process engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Simulation; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.05022036959801823,"score_gpt":0.2711319941786728,"score_spread":0.22091162458065455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2342188981","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97580296,0.00004393774,0.022199288,0.000051638443,0.0001992316,0.00043036303,0.000008240261,0.00020258434,0.0010617335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991477,9.997825e-7,0.00011407113,0.000008384759,0.00008446441,0.00014940448,0.000001901571,0.000043947377,0.00044913837],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99827826,0.00045877811,0.0004534983,0.00028073578,0.00030908687,0.00021964333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850214,0.0005203721,0.00018980875,0.00064229086,0.00010606226,0.000039355677],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044043871,0.0002040491,0.00029783332,0.000095152296,0.00027428294,0.000044856617,0.0002464583,0.00008328742,0.00001154932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027321801,0.000110169,0.000086308595,0.00023154244,0.000052035615,0.00010059623,0.00004302045,0.00004986884,0.000032985718],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024432498,0.00007292083,0.00008391857,0.000036258185,0.00009334013,0.0000035454964,0.0002917763,0.9155573,0.0429024,0.040590644,0.000002294488,0.000341165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013904106,0.0003085479,0.010724665,0.0011125323,0.0001804522,0.000031356194,0.01896482,0.9579537,0.0080849705,0.00006931545,0.0006724792,0.00050676806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003775151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012463817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042396374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002558547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033057553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5706924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2342955040","doi":"10.14288/1.0066591","title":"Environmental and techno-economic analysis of ground source heat pump systems","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Economic analysis; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Economics; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Agricultural economics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.005837045412543745,"score_gpt":0.14603776048395964,"score_spread":0.1402007150714159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2342955040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997966,0.0002256418,0.00021297506,0.000012332221,0.00002433227,0.00009207927,0.0001494458,0.00003365774,0.0012835576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99800277,0.00014967815,0.000030445759,0.0000046233786,0.000013433562,0.0000010889946,0.000028517585,0.00001018523,0.0017592504],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993477,0.000024516055,0.00014362752,0.00025143477,0.00010425813,0.00012844788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995381,0.000019877833,0.000104252125,0.00025170465,0.000016782156,0.000069255606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060762555,0.000038932423,0.00031748784,0.000078047044,0.00018366559,0.00001972463,0.0001592798,0.00008660673,0.00013406105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000012783669,0.00012855284,0.00010723092,0.00019391593,0.0002951268,0.00011278093,0.000067954505,0.000046204186,0.00001427132],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030761697,0.00074252224,0.35736942,0.00026239187,0.0042732423,0.0001461752,0.0018200115,0.39256677,0.023657827,0.00041204406,0.0005408231,0.218178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034306195,0.00002336051,0.9792659,0.000017575989,0.00019100684,0.00006425503,0.0014967207,0.016527234,0.0000026652594,0.000009854695,0.0019344587,0.00012386256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8365291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.21297838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6235507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001587977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8013827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2357572485","doi":"","title":"Ground Source Heat Pump in a Green Housing Demo-Zone: Jinrui Residential Quarter","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Shanxi Energy and Conservation","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Quarter (Canadian coin); Promotion (chess); Plan (archaeology); Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Geography; Mechanical engineering; Political science; Archaeology","score_opus":0.011045936142492895,"score_gpt":0.21552703044698238,"score_spread":0.2044810943044895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2357572485","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98533285,0.00022232527,0.0044398606,0.0050455835,0.000074281226,0.00007981778,0.0000019480715,0.00010794754,0.004695408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942453,0.00003339468,0.00009468315,0.002144404,0.0002377233,0.00004151887,0.000046702775,0.000019477817,0.0031368067],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987915,0.00009468111,0.00035517145,0.00032696716,0.00015960902,0.00027204098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995137,0.00004212523,0.000076960794,0.00024129511,0.000051144754,0.000074811476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015531637,0.00017780789,0.00019968899,0.00013635278,0.00018917871,0.0000839357,0.000108250286,0.00015924139,0.000051585757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008923351,0.0001803623,0.00004889992,0.00030365385,0.00004306638,0.00026072358,0.000020978749,0.00008397826,0.0000106911375],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036464492,0.00040156755,0.012831604,0.00006790754,0.00011000033,0.000046852936,0.0021119628,0.04219569,0.0752059,0.59776914,0.0018196724,0.26707506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044420543,0.0003425007,0.28949553,0.00036286065,0.000103197635,0.00012357166,0.0013552216,0.12283618,0.008793201,0.040113524,0.53036314,0.0016690047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11044946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04612261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5576556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003928102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033343076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97128314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2372802402","doi":"","title":"The characteristics and development prospects of ground source heat pump","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Power Demand Side Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Air source heat pumps; Hybrid heat; Air conditioning; Coefficient of performance; Environmental science; Renewable heat; Energy consumption; Efficient energy use; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Geography; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.008114736807885603,"score_gpt":0.20457911517778488,"score_spread":0.19646437836989927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2372802402","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8981736,0.00057031296,0.0037179838,0.0013984229,0.00015059384,0.0005713087,0.0000016302826,0.0000892912,0.095326886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928657,0.00007274563,0.0003011478,0.00020745813,0.000029049192,0.000049180642,0.0000048029815,0.00001080716,0.0064591053],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991273,0.000020469728,0.0002983339,0.00018290523,0.00016989968,0.00020107752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995451,0.000024638011,0.00007283271,0.00026856837,0.000036243975,0.000052623196],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019592606,0.00012207062,0.00014407367,0.000033435866,0.00021876274,0.00006230379,0.00013477902,0.000028626277,0.00001975901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005355915,0.00008505027,0.000023002201,0.0000903383,0.000036989542,0.00003291955,0.000062497464,0.000042144533,0.000023297305],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055771237,0.00027062927,0.0020392435,0.00013431604,0.00033251435,0.000018316237,0.0020667117,0.0035653205,0.0011650219,0.8099074,0.00048573455,0.17995906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034740922,0.000043904438,0.28507054,0.000039932755,0.00002265039,0.0000050799545,0.00031994344,0.00046057111,0.0006284175,0.0013529585,0.7115303,0.0001782795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000055481167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8085544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023394981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006914388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3468249},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2390595903","doi":"","title":"Numerical Simulation of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Experiment of Canadian BORDEN Based on TOUGH Software","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Jilin University","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plume; Computer simulation; Aquifer; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Thermal; Software; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal energy storage; Field (mathematics); Geology; Groundwater; Engineering; Meteorology; Simulation; Computer science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.02209706108334471,"score_gpt":0.20968374067583587,"score_spread":0.18758667959249115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2390595903","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9643606,0.000046638972,0.010752252,0.00008655066,0.00015538305,0.000056005232,0.000020119478,0.000011526794,0.0245109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985766,0.0000032606788,0.0010277476,0.000035308465,0.00004565932,1.5272482e-7,0.0000024559604,0.000009058596,0.0002997917],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992924,0.000078508245,0.00024496272,0.00008273771,0.0001861946,0.00011519369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990966,0.000048512422,0.0003343301,0.00017466894,0.0002073861,0.00013854526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009678983,0.00008456272,0.00020169043,0.00030887756,0.00005970002,0.0000021802775,0.0001954867,0.000077501965,0.0004985557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016035205,0.00007914047,0.0001242034,0.00023888267,0.000038164228,0.00007839005,0.000011610901,0.000073705,0.0000019350834],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022453417,0.00019131014,0.001116129,0.000008176278,0.000052091895,0.000025650748,0.0005745543,0.9898239,0.0014344489,0.0052166446,0.00007347337,0.0012590903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008371114,0.0032872928,0.15475519,0.0005154463,0.00038034547,0.000023621053,0.0062904875,0.26646385,0.12593712,0.00039962292,0.43229023,0.0012856671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.23825598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010552738,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72336006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012004377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015995694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76681656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2408547800","doi":"","title":"Elements de conception d'un systeme geothermique hybride par optimisation financiere","year":2015,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Conjugate gradient method; Mathematics; Geothermal gradient; Mathematical optimization; Computer science; Humanities; Geology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.016177521617477646,"score_gpt":0.23133732078438574,"score_spread":0.21515979916690808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2408547800","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40916193,0.0109641915,0.55901295,0.009754913,0.00088926754,0.0018895103,0.00028218987,0.0010628001,0.006982249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9142411,0.0005673285,0.052986633,0.0022757289,0.0011810488,0.0024427392,0.00019680051,0.00023329695,0.02587534],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9949289,0.00075730705,0.0013507161,0.00083839346,0.0005937128,0.0015309755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962981,0.00010538135,0.00084095664,0.0013867735,0.00042134617,0.00094748376],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001977943,0.00072473765,0.0007211134,0.00030271063,0.000429253,0.00030279558,0.0007418618,0.00082710414,0.00035746637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024891066,0.0008278333,0.00032403346,0.0006728886,0.00021903525,0.00059657556,0.00019524265,0.00058606785,0.00036469076],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015245512,0.00086525176,0.025690733,0.00033588905,0.00032025168,0.00014405319,0.0015661942,0.5574996,0.013982623,0.30336908,0.016647667,0.07942625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026217175,0.0003851933,0.021300517,0.00074058503,0.0002526054,0.0006268818,0.001080858,0.5795306,0.022173433,0.008392322,0.36130744,0.0015878446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18005621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009812954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5060263,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00239339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008982908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99941725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2467352915","doi":"","title":"RETScreen을 활용한 지열히프펌프 프로젝트 경제성 및 타당성 분석","year":2016,"lang":"ko","type":"article","venue":"대한설비공학회 2016년도 하계학술발표대회","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Renewable energy; Environmental engineering; Natural gas; Engineering; Civil engineering; Waste management","score_opus":0.013855341941608217,"score_gpt":0.22593926615781643,"score_spread":0.2120839242162082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2467352915","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41308773,0.0067777997,0.011012463,0.040655274,0.006091195,0.0023834028,0.0017610061,0.0020203546,0.5162108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7738235,0.00065545796,0.00044160895,0.0009898004,0.0023908808,0.00026271597,0.000050068415,0.0002391391,0.22114684],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99443936,0.00032151092,0.0013704286,0.0014456139,0.00081040134,0.0016126815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952981,0.00035522596,0.0006539379,0.0026056669,0.0003345279,0.00075254194],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006266875,0.0009455059,0.0009957663,0.00025792877,0.00051896693,0.00019224921,0.0012698676,0.00083976024,0.014824064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015649616,0.0006739048,0.0005813035,0.0005749275,0.0004556424,0.00048559558,0.00037586837,0.00038456463,0.028502088],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022810975,0.00090135593,0.004736025,0.00023237446,0.00089730736,0.000115871866,0.0006211328,0.0007329137,0.08178365,0.47945055,0.23795205,0.19234867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001943491,0.00020009214,0.010026603,0.00051012053,0.00013617583,0.00005548929,0.0001622215,0.00033457417,0.00615893,0.0019218561,0.9773385,0.0012119599],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0101324795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012614297,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73938644,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026659438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002576462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2471975875","doi":"","title":"REDUCTION DE L'IMPACT SUR L'EFFET DE SERRE PAR L'ECO-CONCEPTION DES CAVES: CONTEXTE ET APPLICATION","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin de l'OIV","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Art","score_opus":0.009466778246971409,"score_gpt":0.25968018635050777,"score_spread":0.25021340810353637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2471975875","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95684993,0.0012413171,0.022835849,0.009510709,0.000527459,0.00061253435,0.000085695756,0.00026895478,0.008067559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731582,0.00033450642,0.0058463803,0.00055578013,0.0016918841,0.0007097401,0.00014686794,0.00012327742,0.017433358],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971804,0.0005127153,0.000576729,0.00059732364,0.0002195642,0.0009132479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980147,0.00016113462,0.00037512058,0.0007906736,0.00022880483,0.00042955982],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001245615,0.00043427985,0.0003832227,0.000094264484,0.00044046392,0.00017230977,0.000361326,0.00067173195,0.0039130966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018414813,0.0004701639,0.00026898363,0.00026946704,0.00038429745,0.00014598903,0.000055790086,0.0006780413,0.0014834852],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021710045,0.00095539616,0.017226394,0.00040749085,0.00030138012,0.000016788243,0.006095175,0.15159316,0.49464145,0.09980431,0.07150147,0.15723988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009632492,0.000108098124,0.07013167,0.0001879176,0.00011751169,0.00043830622,0.0005860291,0.009769015,0.013665953,0.0045461417,0.89887613,0.0006099677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.105226025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060264235,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8273747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050185906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028444082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2472588230","doi":"10.2172/1128959","title":"Summary of Measured Performance of Ten Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Using Emerging Ground Coupling Technologies","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Building Technologies Program; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Tonne; Payback period; Environmental science; Metric (unit); Heat pump; Environmental economics; Waste management; Agricultural economics; Engineering; Operations management; Economics; Production (economics); Mechanical engineering; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.04056719193852182,"score_gpt":0.26230769598180026,"score_spread":0.22174050404327844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2472588230","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9576608,0.0076565077,0.0012265951,0.000031329837,0.0011505276,0.0007949857,0.00002612665,0.0005369865,0.030916123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9793851,0.001184066,0.00022856722,0.0000020854227,0.00039455245,0.00015815097,0.00007175387,0.00014559682,0.018430121],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957051,0.000048962396,0.0017860625,0.0006211002,0.0013097813,0.0005289731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99637145,0.00008621645,0.0012006698,0.0011882109,0.0010881764,0.000065285654],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082915154,0.0005398252,0.0013367203,0.0005143212,0.00023917627,0.00009323099,0.00069216924,0.0008297027,0.00007456298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000082021594,0.0004695991,0.00030031256,0.0005080341,0.0002416093,0.0002675165,0.00021821249,0.00040788058,0.000012595011],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030468069,0.00010044767,0.0034279586,0.005064632,0.0009163682,0.0000048139777,0.00013376142,0.93423903,0.0502612,0.00266885,0.0009445481,0.0022079463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001670808,0.00034032806,0.00561372,0.0144440625,0.0015814273,0.00062354474,0.012538549,0.7484287,0.037350934,0.00016015039,0.17334719,0.0039005966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.35867855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010749998,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35760355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003289235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004504511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997756},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2476430745","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.005","title":"Extending thermal response test assessments with inverse numerical modeling of temperature profiles measured in ground heat exchangers","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Thermal transmittance; Thermal; Geothermal gradient; Heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Materials science; Thermal effusivity; Environmental science; Mechanics; Thermal resistance; Thermodynamics; Geology; Thermal contact conductance; Geophysics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.02205799214131725,"score_gpt":0.24866388396349798,"score_spread":0.22660589182218072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2476430745","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859702,0.00019472958,0.00802363,0.00032952407,0.00009340926,0.00015217626,0.000021107313,0.00011113102,0.00510411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99347705,0.000032283562,0.0012853193,0.00006316704,0.00011885048,0.00021994182,0.000012951761,0.00006860867,0.004721836],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980666,0.00024308667,0.00041697556,0.00044984787,0.0003766139,0.00044687637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989474,0.00020551222,0.00011558696,0.00048346102,0.000114150214,0.00013392116],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003766056,0.00027549817,0.0003817388,0.00020898035,0.00010119578,0.000030708234,0.00024784874,0.00017811467,0.00011141436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006258532,0.00017979568,0.00007519516,0.0005222101,0.00006383967,0.00024361591,0.00005337252,0.00007841444,0.000004923198],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002638924,0.00009468901,0.0006554319,0.000011180026,0.000026586527,0.0000095915675,0.000055944372,0.5691679,0.42824662,0.000997767,0.000021735199,0.0004486235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00941311,0.0012946895,0.0071094893,0.0026780842,0.00012655699,0.00010952053,0.0018515846,0.6090436,0.34595445,0.0016082805,0.01836039,0.002450257],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.059978664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0047720335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08229217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017739733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015928267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.946281},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2494473497","doi":"","title":"Etude théorique et expérimentale d’un échangeur air/sol destiné au rafraichissement des locaux par la géothermie","year":2012,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Biskra Theses Repository (University of Biskra)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Physics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.011437550428507824,"score_gpt":0.2026410575132531,"score_spread":0.19120350708474526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2494473497","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91012174,0.0012688315,0.0013247087,0.0003382998,0.0004827968,0.00063851033,0.00016359308,0.0001433876,0.085518114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95237494,0.0008521503,0.0026083535,0.000039306957,0.000113512,0.0000015120659,0.00027316104,0.00009822337,0.043638825],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99613786,0.0009361933,0.0005132689,0.000918359,0.00071495614,0.0007793711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959967,0.0003640919,0.0015793982,0.0010579438,0.00052182074,0.0004800558],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051535614,0.0007792007,0.0011084498,0.00046232875,0.0015770758,0.0000309582,0.0013760154,0.0008423976,0.0010450198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021900516,0.0010607515,0.00078487245,0.00050453626,0.001364217,0.00067328307,0.00038536143,0.00055532315,0.00010132926],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0029858805,0.0079336325,0.062502556,0.004521751,0.0073399763,0.0010311961,0.3784484,0.026619071,0.43034253,0.04371966,0.0025361113,0.032019254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0051643522,0.0011307978,0.32278484,0.0042625633,0.0033556623,0.00021390153,0.29566282,0.0015405538,0.08705718,0.0004451716,0.2751592,0.0032229496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17930716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03369434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34328535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006597183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005948749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2494863925","doi":"","title":"Etude du Rafraîchissement par la Géothermie, Application à l’Habitat","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Biskra Theses Repository (University of Biskra)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.0048391873713528755,"score_gpt":0.17626193182524755,"score_spread":0.17142274445389466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2494863925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8515963,0.0009442474,0.003857958,0.00062734657,0.0003651283,0.0008693487,0.00015595181,0.00018729766,0.1413964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9638032,0.0012802484,0.001919327,0.00002207331,0.0001324506,8.5457935e-7,0.00033457426,0.000066611145,0.0324407],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99661005,0.0005470689,0.0005570575,0.001013801,0.0007439282,0.00052811985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956731,0.00029021964,0.0018741847,0.0011758487,0.0006618713,0.0003247597],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034695954,0.0006667581,0.0011262489,0.0004662036,0.001188036,0.00003821432,0.0015579133,0.0009561208,0.00039109617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020740434,0.000948077,0.00083141366,0.0007016109,0.00085253414,0.00043180215,0.00019776447,0.0004778232,0.00011651705],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0045191473,0.008880893,0.04262545,0.004619725,0.006595623,0.0010293657,0.08305744,0.10425813,0.41718513,0.17102206,0.0067007192,0.14950632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003983007,0.0009163172,0.28720948,0.0019384393,0.0026133994,0.00009397229,0.079653844,0.011322944,0.01569105,0.0005421284,0.5936616,0.002373793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07822833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015430104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5869609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036760647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036305407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99929696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2495957214","doi":"10.1061/9780784480021.006","title":"Pile-Soil Interactions under Thermo-Mechanical Conditions Imposed by Geothermal Energy Piles in Sand","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Finite element method; Stress (linguistics); Geology; Shear stress; Materials science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.011925557724979602,"score_gpt":0.2396956576334564,"score_spread":0.2277700999084768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2495957214","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7509863,0.00013488723,0.022536319,0.0072491853,0.00048651185,0.00026551232,0.00023294718,0.0005366459,0.21757172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97092915,0.000037715832,0.000053582033,0.00088580616,0.00015965514,0.00029516077,0.000054181015,0.000054294138,0.027530465],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998434,0.00011599137,0.00046965707,0.00040335822,0.00016674516,0.00041022402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989992,0.0002418214,0.00010876568,0.00044691484,0.000052513817,0.00015082431],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010055267,0.000236578,0.00024863804,0.00012151704,0.00014550319,0.000041606076,0.00024528804,0.00014149037,0.007903923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013969935,0.00016036737,0.00012083741,0.00021726481,0.000094726885,0.00021565407,0.000054536868,0.00010557862,0.00034204317],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019992265,0.00024152006,0.00012259386,0.0000024041465,0.000049696326,0.0000023177402,0.000028092538,0.0018516384,0.44550484,0.54348475,0.0050661364,0.003625994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0053996043,0.00018163836,0.009250934,0.00020731257,0.000058826754,0.000083592044,0.0007387789,0.0059884656,0.13848479,0.039692156,0.798439,0.00147486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017468747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012319655,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7933729,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001059451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004511072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2503731333","doi":"10.1190/int-2016-0031.1","title":"Geothermal energy potential of sedimentary formations in the Athabasca region, northeast Alberta, Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interpretation","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta; Government of Alberta","keywords":"Geology; Geothermal gradient; Aquifer; Sedimentary rock; Siliciclastic; Sedimentary basin; Geochemistry; Geothermal exploration; Geothermal energy; Earth science; Petrology; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Groundwater; Structural basin; Sedimentary depositional environment; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.0044811859748529964,"score_gpt":0.18814382108551264,"score_spread":0.18366263511065964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2503731333","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.940229,0.00007151051,0.02620975,0.006589575,0.00031503683,0.00021190404,0.000035456913,0.000025292647,0.0263125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99833465,0.0000052534624,0.000022764938,0.0005719949,0.00006345918,0.00010152558,0.000030459738,0.000012280385,0.00085759105],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991082,0.00008757551,0.00034750506,0.00012523662,0.00018376403,0.00014771968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940085,0.00011373493,0.00014984797,0.0002480243,0.000059679696,0.000027881157],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007191105,0.000097200995,0.00010540427,0.000056847795,0.000053860625,0.00000969635,0.00021031035,0.00003867798,0.00012803003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013555674,0.00005899255,0.000053296808,0.00012958492,0.000035522524,0.00016843081,0.000016221484,0.00003506876,0.000009001375],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042102908,0.0005816832,0.024050068,0.00010569264,0.00037912384,0.00003707824,0.012487392,0.11219173,0.012697205,0.5925483,0.015068779,0.22943191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004837363,0.00032894535,0.36996868,0.00097539875,0.00018464078,0.0003389696,0.0062833186,0.15283205,0.011376101,0.009350784,0.44204938,0.0014743671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9660778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9554528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58319753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000074049036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009211438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24056464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2508179482","doi":"10.11367/grsj1979.30.121","title":"A Potential Installation of Groundwater Heat Pump Systems Inferred from Well Information in the Nobi Plain","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nippon Chinetsu Gakkaishi/Nihon Chinetsu Gakkaishi","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nickel Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Heat pump; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.010835178027179492,"score_gpt":0.20754714453556722,"score_spread":0.19671196650838774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2508179482","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596657,0.00035162453,0.0014521385,0.0010058247,0.0009156735,0.0011918343,0.00015967501,0.0002579761,0.034999557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956665,0.00012033739,0.00015331163,0.00054291333,0.0007420805,0.00031551835,0.0017711468,0.000094211246,0.00059399795],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9946047,0.0005920933,0.0020626523,0.00068183936,0.0012501191,0.000808596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997274,0.0002780555,0.00066839147,0.0013198225,0.0002462522,0.00021346868],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00084762025,0.0007660515,0.00094122946,0.000540464,0.00048906,0.0003057055,0.0011185224,0.00056065276,0.00057320285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011760805,0.0005852843,0.00035267128,0.001256301,0.00022123386,0.0016406607,0.00017799468,0.00073882646,0.00047618995],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007149135,0.0013195723,0.028178247,0.0003366218,0.00034355838,0.000088674184,0.015382139,0.91297966,0.012580727,0.019047199,0.005828552,0.0032001485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00830132,0.0005233437,0.46886387,0.00040925873,0.00016704256,0.0005278276,0.0017033244,0.24992645,0.0017852217,0.0024339792,0.26320204,0.0021563119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10678887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055964706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6630532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018042295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013532116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2509060893","doi":"10.1061/9780784480137.015","title":"Settlement Response of a Geothermal Energy Pile Group in Sand","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geo-Chicago 2016","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Finite element method; Settlement (finance); Stress (linguistics); Displacement (psychology); Structural engineering; Geology; Thermal; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.009093229324891448,"score_gpt":0.22000591812618964,"score_spread":0.21091268880129818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2509060893","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9749585,0.000358839,0.0018233191,0.0028353047,0.00020450099,0.0001986078,0.00018775545,0.000106071115,0.019327145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886068,0.00005443578,0.00016719315,0.00026776025,0.0001377535,0.00017453746,0.000011460819,0.000041136205,0.0105389245],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824524,0.00023338829,0.00052101613,0.0003542305,0.00022903323,0.0004170754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987717,0.00030264992,0.00015291588,0.0006141925,0.000048282876,0.00011022113],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050120463,0.00019831781,0.00029021883,0.00015755696,0.00005523737,0.000010678009,0.00028168663,0.0001383073,0.0017670853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000579498,0.00013062933,0.00010352896,0.0001919146,0.0001095675,0.000093776354,0.00008716537,0.00006176526,0.00022237781],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014368732,0.0005513102,0.0030309325,0.000034942568,0.00011636488,0.000020383415,0.0004130447,0.0032103225,0.65500754,0.2826236,0.006972042,0.04658268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032781847,0.00022649876,0.06036121,0.00029236876,0.000017749891,0.000013290609,0.00008190761,0.00033224115,0.02125674,0.0035233586,0.91013163,0.00048482345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009699795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018751834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90315956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000064142485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006385522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99914545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2522895876","doi":"10.1109/icgpr.2016.7572641","title":"A theoretical method to relate the relative permittivity and thermal conductivity of sands","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Relative permittivity; Permittivity; Thermal conductivity; Dielectric; Materials science; Saturation (graph theory); Vacuum permittivity; Relative density; Conductivity; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Composite material; Mineralogy; Geology; Mathematics; Chemistry; Physics; Optoelectronics","score_opus":0.03539428016682835,"score_gpt":0.3076072606193774,"score_spread":0.27221298045254905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2522895876","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7471587,0.000026650136,0.009133234,0.0066923457,0.00020308544,0.00025676133,0.0000738761,0.000048045298,0.23640728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99219626,0.000011635134,0.0036191253,0.00022445821,0.00017874184,0.0000633615,0.000005322039,0.000022831708,0.0036782413],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.998198,0.00036905226,0.0003916259,0.00041422714,0.0003900245,0.00023710496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981897,0.00089754444,0.00024029876,0.00033251022,0.00022982598,0.00011010768],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009192071,0.00021786535,0.00024592146,0.00007440185,0.00018834342,0.00006920168,0.00037590787,0.00011593724,0.0014670559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016359895,0.000119480654,0.00008618031,0.00010597911,0.00034646055,0.00022632263,0.00010723753,0.00019955108,0.00006238471],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006575939,0.000042758234,0.00031114096,0.000003955692,0.00007138635,0.0000011080807,0.00038739198,0.00001329423,0.13568293,0.84439445,0.000030443562,0.018995402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004194888,0.0013741943,0.3192721,0.0015919778,0.00015906413,0.00013337858,0.0015654952,0.0050370935,0.01860202,0.61526203,0.031082688,0.0017250378],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013604215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012070308,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31896096,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057132165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000088318055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2536994582","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032067","title":"Multiple source ground heat storage","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Computer science; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.021194410628542076,"score_gpt":0.22427255971854848,"score_spread":0.2030781490900064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2536994582","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.847446,0.00008000931,0.14547786,0.002243498,0.000339826,0.00006414718,0.000010725183,0.000042344538,0.004295571],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944161,0.000029771922,0.00033161868,0.000045965317,0.0005658195,0.000005424636,9.217805e-7,0.000018566461,0.00458582],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922335,0.000043603246,0.00026918546,0.000099592464,0.00019789532,0.00016636914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914575,0.00007236563,0.00021213564,0.00019840624,0.00028210093,0.00008927285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010037326,0.00012270492,0.00022759305,0.000028976254,0.00008824827,0.00006442895,0.00021349872,0.000045888686,0.00013807189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028767223,0.00007631354,0.00010753982,0.00008321691,0.000095384385,0.00049300794,0.00003005405,0.00008714409,0.000053912743],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000079159196,0.00011744738,0.0008790404,0.00002058681,0.00011234767,0.000008880689,0.00091538916,0.0065627294,0.33786222,0.48104784,0.0003651107,0.17202927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018447831,0.00040037875,0.006602141,0.00034804858,0.000057798687,0.00014994193,0.0014259774,0.00044663227,0.22324897,0.031946033,0.7329773,0.00055202475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041284927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000114957686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73261213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033656477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007651473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31119758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2550982565","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch3","title":"Background and Technologies","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"HVAC; Heat exchanger; Air conditioning; Renewable heat; Process engineering; Hybrid heat; Copper in heat exchangers; Energy recovery ventilation; Thermal energy storage; Heat recovery ventilation; Energy storage; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Heat pump; Mechanical engineering; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Geothermal gradient; Thermodynamics; Plate fin heat exchanger; Plate heat exchanger; Physics","score_opus":0.01389162228895519,"score_gpt":0.23272932647461972,"score_spread":0.21883770418566453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2550982565","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000077099554,0.0041569844,0.00052724197,0.0004368955,0.0002512528,0.00009161072,0.000058859947,0.0018303179,0.99256974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0100151,0.0011766941,0.00022888691,0.00020498183,0.0006340079,0.00022810276,0.000029185516,0.0008633908,0.98661965],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983892,0.000044670567,0.00027805,0.00060099404,0.00019776808,0.00048930774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988391,0.000038849448,0.00024529046,0.0007647593,0.000022671426,0.00008936229],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005744856,0.0004739022,0.00046347038,0.00027980434,0.00008375854,0.000049643044,0.00039286894,0.0006788805,0.00848324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060247753,0.00035242076,0.00010254661,0.00012392069,0.00028571393,0.00004643456,0.00016983792,0.00012029282,0.00091583544],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006530817,0.00003056083,0.000011626297,0.000042542997,0.00015624208,0.000012541427,0.00000907953,0.000074350195,0.00068003824,0.7542523,0.1231774,0.12154677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033591344,0.000017754486,0.000025446949,0.00014684393,0.000022967564,0.00002523155,0.000052038537,0.000054064192,0.00017413354,0.0021576195,0.9964993,0.0004887051],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02754343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033843094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8733219,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003345038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032564236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998928},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2552259367","doi":"10.13140/2.1.3923.4880","title":"The First Italian Experience of Ground Thermal Energy Storage: an Integrated Approach for Design and Monitoring, from Laboratory to Field Scale","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Reliability (semiconductor); Field (mathematics); Plume; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Engineering; Civil engineering; Reliability engineering; Meteorology; Geography","score_opus":0.03203999722372169,"score_gpt":0.2543820565816904,"score_spread":0.2223420593579687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2552259367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78919894,0.00031535907,0.20759529,0.00018504857,0.00016937514,0.00026021551,0.000017485432,0.0000644278,0.0021938542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792604,0.000003861687,0.018742535,0.000111243855,0.00016927691,0.0005315828,0.000008525496,0.000022108434,0.0011504686],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918,0.000059678987,0.00020857173,0.00024319618,0.00013206436,0.0001764747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907446,0.0001220459,0.000065501,0.00036624577,0.00021087084,0.00016088475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018713986,0.00012842583,0.00014395699,0.000025723624,0.0001624933,0.000078325436,0.00026423752,0.0000864849,0.000016801036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003482704,0.000085641645,0.000022318563,0.00019047709,0.000055847053,0.00013695602,0.00003787896,0.00004217331,0.0000017541477],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013584198,0.0011972567,0.012811512,0.00006421275,0.0003829957,0.0000041695034,0.06234325,0.5847589,0.099649146,0.12292804,0.0067587155,0.10774341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018219842,0.001033341,0.009392114,0.0000670653,0.000050953804,0.0000030395433,0.045996122,0.112759374,0.17180501,0.00073716656,0.65531427,0.0010195611],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.042509854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012637243,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6485555,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023802706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042402346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9638662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2553427274","doi":"","title":"Energy Performances of Geothermal Heat Pumps Operating in Cold Climates","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Efficient energy use; Thermal energy storage; Renewable heat; Capital cost; Primary energy; Heating system; Engineering; Civil engineering; Renewable energy; Mechanical engineering; Hybrid heat","score_opus":0.022558276597993157,"score_gpt":0.24013821195701188,"score_spread":0.2175799353590187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2553427274","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8445462,0.0001885442,0.00013959044,0.0001271263,0.00006017485,0.000046989153,0.0000023536581,0.000046569818,0.15484247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99595845,0.000020554287,0.0004048344,0.00013387839,0.00008005417,0.00006622936,0.00000678686,0.000017841368,0.0033113945],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909174,0.000035381345,0.0003399109,0.00015356718,0.0001378778,0.00024152613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995974,0.000026216123,0.00004588679,0.00019657046,0.000063451436,0.00007050691],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002083285,0.00010906984,0.0001941921,0.00006923472,0.000037349353,0.000018378194,0.00014905714,0.00006266007,0.00018112989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007883352,0.00008698427,0.000035198853,0.00018759558,0.000038218666,0.0001358956,0.000040314528,0.00004863973,0.000032447773],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075482753,0.00010605246,0.016539114,0.0000208376,0.00001694172,0.0000014564038,0.00041744963,0.49886224,0.027812174,0.45421302,0.00010547837,0.0018977068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025006565,0.0002463607,0.007031361,0.00013766596,0.000015640351,0.000019096002,0.0052252,0.61914206,0.22037826,0.00095559255,0.14362751,0.0007206143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10004646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005929338,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4532574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029079974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045529127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90594643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2555113414","doi":"","title":"Etude d’un système de climatisation intégrant un puits canadien dans les zones arides, cas de Béchar","year":2012,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Context (archaeology); Char; Environmental science; Physics; Geography; Thermodynamics; Archaeology; Coal","score_opus":0.13753332561249096,"score_gpt":0.45516868278185535,"score_spread":0.3176353571693644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2555113414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90470105,0.07314015,0.007295815,0.0012114871,0.0014492313,0.00060993794,0.000245516,0.00006592511,0.011280893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823362,0.012036829,0.0011598832,0.00025175308,0.0010670082,0.00026952388,0.0000508072,0.00014911527,0.0026788563],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99499327,0.000953606,0.001514819,0.00051108404,0.000652023,0.001375225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960029,0.00041256717,0.0014416779,0.0007808048,0.0003577168,0.0010043193],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026848458,0.0006032287,0.0010155044,0.00055057794,0.00082932995,0.00093112944,0.0023005782,0.0004391898,0.010859105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027343907,0.0006116055,0.0003076597,0.0009559708,0.00023304982,0.0021248248,0.0005455394,0.00061519135,0.00007699738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008087669,0.0008867836,0.7514762,0.0005654283,0.0010555065,0.00009665392,0.008382368,0.041445546,0.05988905,0.058670316,0.006651396,0.07079982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006092542,0.000014865588,0.9073027,0.0011958551,0.00041812556,0.0003967419,0.0011879477,0.0027678802,0.023237009,0.0065510226,0.05544782,0.00087080285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.61083287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06759418,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5432387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014768154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043186138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2557786901","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.11.002","title":"Borehole thermal energy storage systems under the influence of groundwater flow and time-varying surface temperature","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Inlet; Superposition principle; Heat transfer; Thermal; Mechanics; Geology; Flow (mathematics); Work (physics); Thermal energy storage; Fluid dynamics; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Aquifer; Geomorphology; Physics","score_opus":0.006801691112417176,"score_gpt":0.19503333046722912,"score_spread":0.18823163935481194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2557786901","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99605364,0.0005103691,0.00044989656,0.00046279092,0.000085340194,0.00012329547,0.0000278589,0.00007064982,0.0022161808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898719,0.000046412413,0.00005809794,0.00025685347,0.00014279931,0.000034690285,0.000005810714,0.0000564074,0.009527028],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987423,0.00013412458,0.00032062546,0.0002899118,0.00020610528,0.0003069618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895823,0.00013855704,0.00016033693,0.0005738761,0.000097400414,0.00007159756],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021847819,0.00022179064,0.00025204217,0.0000328575,0.00017568422,0.00006277281,0.00029825303,0.00016025439,0.00010305123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000068734917,0.00011725738,0.00006265155,0.00014744287,0.00018674073,0.00016021592,0.00007668013,0.00008752672,0.000043489115],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012806227,0.000024579953,0.00013293,0.000015709827,0.000049827362,0.0000014785799,0.00014745233,0.639527,0.33134633,0.027764283,0.0000718024,0.00090578996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009198635,0.00072733976,0.08273955,0.002390309,0.00044590907,0.0005418286,0.0023765953,0.27804947,0.10056516,0.007590934,0.5099742,0.005400119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006476636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011276171,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50990236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036203775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039578576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97907794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2563396370","doi":"","title":"GSHP Project Feasibility and Sensitivity Analysis with RETScreen","year":2016,"lang":"ko","type":"article","venue":"대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Natural gas; Civil engineering; Waste management","score_opus":0.024775188086439328,"score_gpt":0.254883626420631,"score_spread":0.23010843833419167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2563396370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9771258,0.000388443,0.008652951,0.0022180753,0.000068006244,0.0007075025,0.0003936014,0.00020047642,0.010245111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98995113,0.00014062088,0.000517782,0.00013382982,0.00025324232,0.00009121659,0.00003264074,0.00006453544,0.008814993],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966591,0.000504777,0.0005422944,0.0011952926,0.0004361347,0.0006624036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99737614,0.00031299464,0.0003472198,0.0014462457,0.00024169544,0.00027571723],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079655764,0.0005093466,0.0008408559,0.00026814538,0.00030543108,0.000087021275,0.00015409525,0.00029534637,0.00034452623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000084241816,0.0003167897,0.00026962374,0.0012978931,0.00039405108,0.0002571118,0.00015091445,0.00018021144,0.000118610726],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008772024,0.0010897425,0.84774715,0.00034534454,0.0076075336,0.0002755373,0.001434348,0.0055999653,0.017495027,0.04874198,0.0012047024,0.06758147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027773667,0.00042252868,0.9131777,0.000312498,0.0025381793,0.00012383414,0.00044817716,0.0057332483,0.0020923805,0.000376511,0.07055609,0.0014414832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03545423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.029441636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06935138,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015641343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015715949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999284},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2565203678","doi":"10.1007/s10765-016-2161-y","title":"Thermal Conductivity of Pyroclastic Soil (Pozzolana) from the Environs of Rome","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt; Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Saturation (graph theory); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mineralogy; Materials science; Muscovite; Quartz; Physics; Geology; Composite material; Chemistry; Combinatorics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.014465800563554317,"score_gpt":0.22883769781239158,"score_spread":0.21437189724883726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2565203678","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99410963,0.00008686621,0.002566079,0.0012530377,0.00040448218,0.000033754564,0.00009782142,0.0000051371985,0.0014432146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989913,0.000025123103,0.00008772523,0.000056234036,0.0006274837,0.0000029493785,0.0000024326296,0.000017248927,0.00018951022],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884343,0.000080118574,0.0004547654,0.00009029352,0.00043627588,0.00009509915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980455,0.0005605888,0.0008164281,0.00023099735,0.00030871737,0.00003773667],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014751189,0.000106531195,0.00022923901,0.000038435945,0.000026219426,0.000009834979,0.00068728055,0.000046537065,0.00024531435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000072226314,0.000055883305,0.00021114304,0.00005906496,0.00016611828,0.00015833486,0.000062305684,0.00009490596,0.000017829143],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009002517,0.00017029713,0.0010738204,0.0000024920223,0.0005390334,0.0000037072175,0.0002817883,0.019225927,0.9204117,0.039883252,0.00006652059,0.018251402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004477424,0.00039581402,0.24588355,0.0007675916,0.00032880684,0.00004409339,0.0005948833,0.0019644361,0.65212226,0.07354848,0.019293183,0.00057945424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001467753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000060776518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26828945,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003935056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060879145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.268602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2570973456","doi":"","title":"Employing heat pumps to recover low grade industrial thermal resources for space heating and cooling","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Lu Zone Ul (Laurentian University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Queen's University","keywords":"Mechanical engineering; Space (punctuation); Thermal; Heat pump; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Materials science; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01599626327263155,"score_gpt":0.21656149275385914,"score_spread":0.2005652294812276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2570973456","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835289,0.00012535344,0.00087743835,0.00026843132,0.0006551645,0.00062904623,0.00009275568,0.0001503794,0.013672545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8861548,0.000029061497,0.0003857681,0.00005575174,0.0011368893,0.00002591933,0.00045591238,0.00013474288,0.11162119],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983212,0.00008488992,0.0002889176,0.0006325404,0.00021269158,0.00045977795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989901,0.0001268232,0.00020186155,0.00034024712,0.0001122465,0.00022870325],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012107468,0.00037189547,0.00043585346,0.00044970214,0.0005383722,0.00011088912,0.0003145524,0.0004788081,0.00014436476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034410576,0.00037560897,0.0001816187,0.0003713861,0.000034521894,0.00017185994,0.00005008508,0.00024991934,0.000021771662],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.009649122,0.001144906,0.0067114537,0.003148988,0.005010722,0.00027166225,0.06887582,0.14751445,0.3440534,0.17507094,0.007384247,0.2311643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047123274,0.00026322753,0.0014183264,0.0027334965,0.00056148967,0.00000976063,0.01867685,0.0009051928,0.013929553,0.00016303656,0.95470506,0.0019216902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00909687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016062718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9473208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119630036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006519317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2581367941","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.097","title":"A review on energy piles design, sizing and modelling","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":166,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Eesti Teadusagentuur","keywords":"Sizing; Borehole; Geothermal energy; Engineering; Software; Heat pump; Renewable energy; Simulation software; Civil engineering; Process engineering; Geothermal gradient; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.16069791700045827,"score_gpt":0.3287343868341506,"score_spread":0.16803646983369236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2581367941","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[2.7394501e-8,0.96619856,0.012325762,0.000049473063,0.0001872385,0.00017496245,0.000014494811,0.0001323827,0.020917099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000018188108,0.98777574,0.00059169665,0.00059489,0.0006844253,0.0009946157,0.0001262466,0.00019832856,0.0090158405],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970899,0.0003771073,0.0008947132,0.0008887679,0.00025260527,0.0004968655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970943,0.00029726487,0.0008591949,0.0014636177,0.00006512818,0.00022051646],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003448042,0.00078445696,0.0022737018,0.00019133238,0.0004465538,0.00014179871,0.00069616025,0.0004404717,0.00008654577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041840853,0.00061684224,0.0005103916,0.00017779812,0.000086038526,0.000097282,0.00015177518,0.00024954695,0.00006907417],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013697211,0.000023712853,5.34509e-9,0.0056064134,0.00011345837,0.000008766713,0.0000041193193,0.009090433,2.2788e-7,0.1641786,0.00088280026,0.8200901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000080714264,0.0000336169,1.2560631e-8,0.06458534,0.00035423625,0.000046351142,0.000001372503,0.0021760715,0.0000022097581,0.00074426143,0.931382,0.00059383217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009394214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002149415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9304992,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008185297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015663251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593320170","doi":"10.22488/okstate.17.000529","title":"Heat Pump Capacity Effects on Peak Electricity Consumption and Total Length of Self- and Solar-assisted Shallow Ground Heat Exchanger Networks","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Electricity; Heat pump; Environmental science; Materials science; Physics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01998505779516893,"score_gpt":0.23186829202418074,"score_spread":0.2118832342290118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2593320170","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99399,0.00020041452,0.00032553953,0.0001498158,0.00011291567,0.00027358174,0.000004137556,0.00008761239,0.004856008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988277,0.00014676734,0.00009427044,0.00008376237,0.00015260636,0.00006378315,0.0000087130975,0.000022671427,0.000599758],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891067,0.0001108164,0.00021469325,0.0003442198,0.00014565831,0.00027391955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991268,0.00016311211,0.00006807124,0.00046070648,0.00005265189,0.00012867621],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024155945,0.00020739417,0.00031545202,0.000052776897,0.00043885474,0.000114179675,0.00011256933,0.00017924927,0.000042745723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002746481,0.00017406272,0.00005606678,0.00004590351,0.00009574303,0.00015875662,0.00006322272,0.00014553366,0.0000069674275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011644992,0.0032179647,0.17465255,0.0030689407,0.0024517595,0.00005701158,0.0025800753,0.015894651,0.37754506,0.25409687,0.0013172309,0.1639534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013094427,0.00025549417,0.92690706,0.00008854685,0.00007573822,0.000052148967,0.000014403495,0.062212132,0.007000944,0.00009008782,0.0016608393,0.00033318432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014965064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002829024,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7522545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004008986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008809687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9915944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593494365","doi":"10.1115/1.4036156","title":"Special Issue on the 9th International Conference on Thermal Engineering: Theory and Applications, March 24–26, 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Futures studies; Abu dhabi; Productivity; Work (physics); Middle East; Political science; Order (exchange); Quality (philosophy); Public relations; Economic growth; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Business; Geography; Computer science; Economics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.015026458097378412,"score_gpt":0.2472094071860483,"score_spread":0.2321829490886699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2593494365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.460065,0.0011405434,0.043691043,0.05482068,0.008826011,0.004647176,0.00016224889,0.00061932014,0.42602795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99137414,0.00016514311,0.0006938955,0.0001883569,0.0058172722,0.0002915705,0.0000014630139,0.000035633835,0.0014325486],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986435,0.000022984159,0.00033500185,0.00026658594,0.00046113683,0.0002707583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985348,0.00018576565,0.00029407776,0.0005735319,0.0002340472,0.0001777616],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011762411,0.00019277928,0.00018621082,0.00016354748,0.0007262366,0.0003799918,0.0011303782,0.00006933815,0.00019185693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000115601855,0.00013433381,0.00005940118,0.00016044392,0.0003266326,0.00028218288,0.00012780874,0.0003199325,0.00005551492],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003726922,0.00009600884,0.00005931018,0.000015787084,0.00005803376,0.0000018728138,0.00021427395,0.03380183,0.0651266,0.8413516,0.0008757739,0.05836161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004008487,0.000094436284,0.018379407,0.00009310064,0.000031845073,0.000061833176,0.00023456807,0.013867202,0.002312265,0.0012099204,0.962983,0.00033156914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005744882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035229275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96210724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000666101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008854985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55856985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622755603","doi":"10.14710/ijred.6.2.145-155","title":"Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Transient Direct Expansion Heat Pump","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Hôpital Notre-Dame","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; École de technologie supérieure","keywords":"Heat pump; Borehole; Transient (computer programming); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Renewable energy; Engineering; Parametric statistics; Mechanical engineering; Nuclear engineering; Geothermal heating; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Environmental science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Electrical engineering; Computer science; Physics; Mathematics; Geophysics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.019383978497056448,"score_gpt":0.2618708786715315,"score_spread":0.24248690017447508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2622755603","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98177224,0.0003559821,0.011170403,0.00021090067,0.0005615116,0.000030925177,0.0000021274464,0.000009445877,0.005886489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969147,0.00010192965,0.0021102603,0.00003171249,0.00016060287,0.00001350895,0.000008728695,0.000016350867,0.0006422352],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858624,0.000029401584,0.00061263953,0.00015127014,0.0004974083,0.000123032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990297,0.000018871784,0.0003351745,0.00017652538,0.00035148836,0.0000882603],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023187793,0.00013184443,0.00022884758,0.00015568931,0.0001644237,0.0000868666,0.00039412302,0.000057808953,0.00005609175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023704275,0.00011423505,0.0000782218,0.000028522376,0.000038569186,0.00028318766,0.00007638869,0.00004612712,9.86884e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008395552,0.00011749949,0.0001837482,0.0000053337653,0.00016921274,0.000009900005,0.00055776385,0.9181867,0.075158514,0.0011104954,0.000029909772,0.004386952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012787041,0.000059944203,0.0007001664,0.0002632569,0.000016890357,0.000085568725,0.00030734454,0.031342193,0.9376342,0.00024192399,0.02787328,0.00019652292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010044717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043666674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8868445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010541632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012360561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99654746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622908158","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2017.05.003","title":"A coupled thermo-hydro-geochemical model for standing column well subject to<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si1.gif\" display=\"inline\" id=\"mml69\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">CO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>degassing and installed in fractured calcareous aquifers","year":2017,"lang":"lv","type":"article","venue":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Aquifer; Clogging; Precipitation; Column (typography); Groundwater; Scaling; Petroleum engineering; Scroll; Geology; Environmental science; Mineralogy; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.01293459857303378,"score_gpt":0.2214292899948652,"score_spread":0.2084946914218314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2622908158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8650273,0.0011674939,0.02378839,0.0007948911,0.000961423,0.000109246714,0.0005525484,0.00009127837,0.107507445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921455,0.0013496018,0.0012659208,0.00084833393,0.0006514808,0.0020117916,0.00083155924,0.00041381235,0.000482004],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9950542,0.00016356887,0.0010988717,0.0011958802,0.0010010833,0.0014864361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99585265,0.0007176262,0.0011849814,0.0016169155,0.00003796493,0.0005898546],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013746171,0.0006110272,0.0003315498,0.00019673484,0.001817666,0.0008416686,0.0010874084,0.0013405636,0.043239947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031265497,0.00095781736,0.00077784946,0.00021726721,0.0006244686,0.0005340343,0.0010757849,0.00061515736,0.000098629534],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024165,0.00025221787,0.0000028051247,0.00047002482,0.0010795828,0.0001743195,0.0017408391,0.089071155,0.011100104,0.882131,0.009892088,0.0016693579],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00235683,0.00043232154,0.000011861456,0.0003137591,0.00046713866,0.00014972658,0.0006068119,0.56068236,0.42935246,0.00035268892,0.0046198643,0.0006541922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042441124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030858638,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8817783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026560274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039353044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999559},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2625407436","doi":"","title":"The Impact of an Open Loop Geothermal System with Multiple Wells on Groundwater Temperature","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2015 AGU Fall Meeting","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Groundwater; Geology; Environmental science; Water resource management; Hydrology (agriculture); Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.01954483634679083,"score_gpt":0.26355859557318545,"score_spread":0.24401375922639462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2625407436","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9630215,0.00007712747,0.000011485504,0.00010088712,0.00008485762,0.0003781275,0.000010985572,0.00007746782,0.036237553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99645656,0.0000011738841,0.0001776338,0.00003618902,0.00023816299,0.000105222294,0.00002213538,0.00006418653,0.0028987147],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985007,0.00021311788,0.00033642031,0.0003045242,0.0002843916,0.00036086034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985658,0.00009599488,0.00024547905,0.000690237,0.00020774562,0.00019475934],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007313155,0.0002354573,0.00028718406,0.000037096877,0.00024404464,0.00023321252,0.00070242357,0.00011324121,0.000005869725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030607567,0.00012183621,0.000064894084,0.0001537619,0.00006106605,0.00020806873,0.00010601564,0.0001493942,0.000091056245],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00061443786,0.00034997473,0.017496567,0.000050813178,0.00027880288,0.000016495167,0.0012591908,0.94418687,0.017901903,0.014217763,0.0023889134,0.0012382678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03222349,0.014293625,0.15371233,0.0053406013,0.0003975017,0.00076404976,0.051349524,0.47818106,0.0483065,0.00058117666,0.20830509,0.0065450333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2528287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01652477,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4660058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000117708354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000091781614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92212087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2629837130","doi":"10.11575/prism/34299","title":"Legal Obstacles to the Development of Geothermal Energy in Alberta","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Mitacs; Cenovus Energy","keywords":"Business; Natural resource economics; Economics","score_opus":0.02056347211139151,"score_gpt":0.2533047983054507,"score_spread":0.2327413261940592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2629837130","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0036621864,0.000100564,0.00007408915,0.00026353824,0.00010278502,0.00038799996,0.0000152435505,0.000002470291,0.99539113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03977222,0.000003620104,0.0034595472,0.00007664463,0.00013819485,0.00040866603,0.000042599844,0.00020699343,0.9558915],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987459,0.000055064036,0.00043406792,0.0003448345,0.00016432467,0.00025579933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990705,0.00003931158,0.00021451824,0.00058203837,0.000020483421,0.00007310731],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012230252,0.00023668395,0.0003487139,0.00012274167,0.000043877062,0.00007805542,0.0010210125,0.00018136582,0.022413224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008350305,0.000166211,0.00004699848,0.00019002601,0.00003244372,0.00004310236,0.00026938622,0.00008003364,0.0020894706],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027052149,0.00034323393,0.00011025899,0.000038049224,0.00033563667,0.000005132622,0.0033907653,0.00976772,0.0011622516,0.09735007,0.13971256,0.74775726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017538684,0.000007622532,0.00023184936,0.00013438193,0.0000066431285,0.0000012437096,0.00012696505,0.0000795238,0.0008854542,0.000008914794,0.99812186,0.00022013606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.39949018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5761643,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85840935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003505438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014839898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2686638928","doi":"","title":"Stockage thermique saisonnier par puits géothermiques pour bâtiments résidentiels équipés de panneaux photovoltaïques-thermiques","year":2016,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Physics; Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.013367554886021187,"score_gpt":0.24061854542541986,"score_spread":0.22725099053939868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2686638928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49597597,0.018261634,0.41558462,0.041252505,0.0010110373,0.003412242,0.00091900665,0.0031866534,0.020396324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8275413,0.003251298,0.016963255,0.004837914,0.0014771072,0.00376298,0.000046311183,0.0006474243,0.14147243],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9914192,0.0014251822,0.0017992109,0.0016258642,0.00077413773,0.0029564116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940377,0.0005405472,0.0010824456,0.002629659,0.00047610005,0.0012335649],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018259672,0.0015328082,0.0013626544,0.0006408068,0.0007279274,0.00052840903,0.0017954033,0.0016835502,0.0035186412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003256508,0.0013258766,0.0008803491,0.0008592003,0.0005906666,0.0011720699,0.0005052098,0.0008526327,0.0009085913],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002887259,0.0019627067,0.02905807,0.00031506474,0.0010389817,0.0004174294,0.0016380759,0.0055657406,0.5876099,0.17915732,0.03170622,0.16124178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030896221,0.0005807849,0.04786638,0.002598136,0.0004200005,0.0007446668,0.0004638492,0.024789631,0.4928343,0.04296979,0.3802144,0.0034284682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19996381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02554002,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39862138,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023372057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010043263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2739022808","doi":"10.24084/repqj06.338","title":"A new design approach for ground source heat pumps based on hourly load simulations","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Heat load; Superposition principle; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Heat pump; Computer science; Meteorology; Simulation; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.055142826436308696,"score_gpt":0.29488489685219477,"score_spread":0.23974207041588608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2739022808","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0053569265,0.00023661889,0.97584885,0.0007880492,0.00021455328,0.00013141292,0.000020863787,0.000053729054,0.017349007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9646833,0.000023538398,0.014392431,0.00053939025,0.00067932485,0.000037693433,0.000027124745,0.00005251228,0.019564705],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99805737,0.00026096473,0.00050614774,0.00037585883,0.00036840222,0.00043128096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980189,0.00034163144,0.0003446084,0.0007281031,0.00017259625,0.00039414258],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096195226,0.00027752813,0.00036859396,0.00009105394,0.0019728285,0.0006312168,0.00039999938,0.0002106955,0.00019294397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015868481,0.00023915841,0.00019257821,0.00007683787,0.00007592676,0.0002732097,0.000036402023,0.00015371921,0.0000029643097],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017533771,0.00011442564,0.00010539296,0.000012662664,0.000066817025,0.0000012406481,0.0001276136,0.9737675,0.00085017283,0.019317066,0.0018442121,0.003617524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004091186,0.0003758861,0.0015540761,0.00010584667,0.00008447801,0.00006639016,0.00022177471,0.46609795,0.0018885874,0.013762243,0.5109699,0.0007816694],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07612413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020662455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9614564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009658049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031257753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99932647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2739371747","doi":"10.24084/repqj06.364","title":"A dynamic model of a vertical direct expansion ground heat exchanger","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.03415070954563852,"score_gpt":0.2912208312441514,"score_spread":0.25707012169851284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2739371747","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93517095,0.0011557889,0.0155849885,0.0006866378,0.00032058085,0.000045554763,0.000015436295,0.000037275353,0.0469828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99280155,0.00041921242,0.00038458258,0.0001250347,0.00008709806,0.000012901233,0.0000049911246,0.000025490968,0.0061391215],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984838,0.0001569538,0.0005073389,0.0002502272,0.0002872347,0.00031446468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988028,0.00007026845,0.00018689598,0.0005959199,0.00011493929,0.00022918063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005999199,0.00018917996,0.00039011848,0.00007305872,0.000722285,0.00015201194,0.00029009656,0.0001633013,0.00015826865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000656524,0.00015547384,0.00014689757,0.000048684666,0.00015609903,0.0002764477,0.00009715341,0.00011780122,0.000002523112],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003707197,0.0004982073,0.00080915896,0.00010213886,0.00033240518,0.00002106684,0.001472177,0.668954,0.17987971,0.13882871,0.00083870173,0.007893009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0063196346,0.00060200004,0.022828512,0.00088745967,0.00027124726,0.00056229095,0.0011807157,0.7020856,0.02670152,0.07883125,0.15748952,0.0022402275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037351888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005994363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15665081,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004275939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007739018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96905845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2741845505","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2009-0019","title":"OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Process engineering; NTU method; Plate fin heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Moving bed heat exchanger; Petroleum engineering; Heat transfer; Environmental science; Heat capacity rate; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Plate heat exchanger; Mechanics; Geology","score_opus":0.010163136177017083,"score_gpt":0.2006037770921375,"score_spread":0.19044064091512042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2741845505","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0049086353,0.000051252457,0.9933909,0.0007460157,0.00013912917,0.0004455428,0.000171575,0.000037356218,0.00010956485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97358847,0.0000044383446,0.025999794,0.00008329381,0.000052676394,0.00010998111,0.000014614381,0.00002358725,0.00012317],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993259,0.0000048806896,0.00024448385,0.0001186941,0.000082461534,0.00022361311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952734,0.000060503633,0.000047272537,0.00019460684,0.00006862755,0.00010165693],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011626747,0.00010066192,0.00016399058,0.000031352654,0.00018014299,0.000008159554,0.00016664383,0.000109742796,0.000027870574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016247432,0.00009146413,0.00048514362,0.00021402475,0.00001584059,0.000046737125,0.0000015072864,0.00006712244,1.2465307e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003336104,0.00001248696,2.3386964e-7,0.000043735297,0.000043900625,8.485801e-9,0.00008433273,0.9724785,0.006952695,0.01872315,0.000018755232,0.0016388809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034643649,0.00005421675,0.000021908118,0.000041892505,0.0000614428,0.0000012604029,0.00007700178,0.98352814,0.012720206,0.0001649628,0.00287256,0.00010998479],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034073856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00784052,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9686798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012952363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007109681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97235835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2749446312","doi":"10.1306/eg.0206171600917003","title":"Geothermal energy potential of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Clues from coproduced and injected water","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Geosciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Sedimentary rock; Structural basin; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Paleontology","score_opus":0.004927163961098074,"score_gpt":0.17322251525220467,"score_spread":0.1682953512911066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2749446312","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99764043,0.00009174244,0.000008263578,0.0010176525,0.00035380307,0.000062398816,0.00008754813,0.000007948825,0.0007301998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960579,0.00001442146,0.000028599108,0.00046971123,0.00011790882,0.000014818909,0.00002026774,0.000010365043,0.0032659732],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989198,0.00004934369,0.0001876103,0.00030592055,0.0003197238,0.00021762252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992814,0.000011530175,0.0001381744,0.0005020223,0.0000033099964,0.00006355388],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000069605085,0.00013141976,0.00014016023,0.000012908684,0.0006255653,0.00005609802,0.0005230231,0.00003906007,0.0002679004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000028543504,0.000077935925,0.000036389145,0.000018305565,0.0005285062,0.00015161408,0.0002861489,0.000048943333,0.000004241337],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032758075,0.000164403,0.37610856,0.000008604303,0.00009612847,0.00001003221,0.00080980203,0.0050601424,0.60854703,0.00038874542,0.00050718954,0.008266631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024273673,0.000019151636,0.823725,0.00000981718,0.00001606077,0.0000053872745,0.00020260182,0.0004861364,0.12812088,0.00008414471,0.046948824,0.00013929243],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9686541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.37755278,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5911013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035188015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030622497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6338053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2752603744","doi":"","title":"Technical and Economic Assessment of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems (GSHPs) in Ontario","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.011347744138720443,"score_gpt":0.21426235077347788,"score_spread":0.20291460663475744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2752603744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871887,0.000059957954,0.000009312078,0.00008523541,0.000160416,0.00024558732,0.00001728526,0.000021978713,0.012211558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6780663,0.000027088907,0.000094050105,9.851581e-7,0.000016399243,0.0000024815024,0.00016538193,0.00001702284,0.32161027],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906886,0.000044606237,0.00022119992,0.00034210423,0.00013734435,0.00018591211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990238,0.000025524214,0.0003436816,0.0004769461,0.000059713926,0.000070350754],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015324578,0.00020131348,0.0005708165,0.00019138333,0.00013726391,0.000031298747,0.00035676657,0.00034353847,0.00014515572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022069823,0.0002335296,0.000096284726,0.000037549253,0.0000898991,0.00013897703,0.000052063457,0.00023286218,0.000010608773],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008855149,0.0014683,0.113075025,0.005774067,0.0016357254,0.00015559208,0.19639467,0.37375212,0.08719172,0.20884864,0.0012657257,0.0095529035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029416732,0.00029786993,0.82370365,0.0016827559,0.0003703122,0.000025658399,0.11018521,0.010840503,0.00048195184,0.00023624272,0.04802134,0.0012128319],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99066675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9910315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7106286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033379026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021463809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95230603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2752671140","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.08.051","title":"g-function generation using a piecewise-linear profile applied to ground heat exchangers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Piecewise linear function; Piecewise; Heat flux; Context (archaeology); Constant (computer programming); Computer science; Function (biology); Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Applied mathematics; Flexibility (engineering); Mathematical optimization; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Mathematics; Geology; Mathematical analysis; Physics; Thermodynamics; Statistics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.03823551218416522,"score_gpt":0.2789151642994814,"score_spread":0.24067965211531617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2752671140","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89436364,0.00009577807,0.099365056,0.001590161,0.001059486,0.00014233253,0.000012407279,0.00001276076,0.0033583487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99663234,0.00003663013,0.0012095559,0.0002833833,0.0015129811,0.000017761216,0.000010306461,0.000019384363,0.00027767025],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999089,0.000018189898,0.0003199473,0.0001439824,0.0003009364,0.00012794494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994623,0.0000120304185,0.00004278456,0.00014019392,0.00023412527,0.00010858073],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001729201,0.0001184677,0.00016649379,0.00012445028,0.00021762219,0.00016287829,0.00021620723,0.000066720495,0.00014329338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008063396,0.00010103486,0.00007714498,0.000029753995,0.00003348744,0.0002665989,0.000015211453,0.00009610791,0.000011384067],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029239221,0.00008067955,0.00036182528,0.000013812189,0.00024828647,0.000014055682,0.00046128326,0.052842494,0.91141236,0.022612408,0.0001564609,0.011503967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013662852,0.0011876504,0.034980305,0.00064171857,0.00067176955,0.00087230536,0.001136775,0.21729802,0.19332507,0.0051821135,0.5290642,0.0019772511],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010909797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020615848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71808726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005919174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003297331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4120082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2753305590","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.08.014","title":"A 3-D model to predict the temperature of liquid manure within storage tanks","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biosystems Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Guelph","keywords":"Manure; Wind speed; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Emissivity; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Soil science; Hydrology (agriculture); Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Agronomy; Engineering; Optics; Geology","score_opus":0.012859155012643127,"score_gpt":0.2130683918495397,"score_spread":0.2002092368368966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2753305590","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942956,0.00017681254,0.001165719,0.0003653709,0.00065261556,0.0003597774,0.00004695978,0.0001439084,0.002793224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962081,0.0000019599809,0.00044139524,0.000027375308,0.0003316521,0.00015342918,0.0000038423864,0.0000451938,0.0027870853],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990391,0.000015000996,0.00031703783,0.00021842931,0.00019810468,0.00021229802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985785,0.000017288612,0.0001632693,0.0010781725,0.00006446101,0.00009830031],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023401994,0.00018095433,0.00023574263,0.000054895005,0.00021757936,0.000079654616,0.00059295533,0.00013407445,0.0000064804713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051930314,0.00012698688,0.00008063472,0.00008104433,0.00002007042,0.00008688235,0.00008501386,0.0001410887,0.00001760818],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075656217,0.000008607887,0.000025890056,0.00008332692,0.000032264765,0.0000014841561,0.00036464314,0.7271504,0.24438229,0.027696855,0.0002270471,0.000019638404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006670861,0.00016386247,0.0027933011,0.0010016077,0.000057262416,0.000045231776,0.00034806682,0.8345553,0.08710006,0.000031146054,0.07248935,0.00074771716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014045136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018984411,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15728223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033995748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025846426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51783746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2761384842","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2017-0158","title":"Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling analysis of a thermo-active diaphragm wall","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Diaphragm (acoustics); Geotechnical engineering; Stiffness; Finite element method; Bending moment; Thermal; Materials science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.01827660629568436,"score_gpt":0.24823577265013053,"score_spread":0.22995916635444616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2761384842","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.976961,0.00020510532,0.0041733882,0.0039225984,0.0002978987,0.00025647006,0.00011443243,0.00008146335,0.013987647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99891675,0.00004509013,0.00011087692,0.00026795597,0.00021441617,0.000024877125,0.000011534014,0.000040366558,0.00036815897],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811995,0.00005024763,0.00059915276,0.00032578787,0.00031974254,0.0005851111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99721587,0.00008268919,0.000571775,0.0010688629,0.00019728545,0.0008635464],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049061904,0.00023007045,0.0005764019,0.00042842556,0.00085753197,0.00017603832,0.0011335694,0.00032184125,0.0011840608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018022838,0.00019830851,0.0005243291,0.0003533012,0.00019527022,0.0001549594,0.0000723918,0.0005899298,0.00003967145],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075030424,0.00017073596,0.001098651,0.000014780347,0.003827182,0.00025316663,0.00026397925,0.7965241,0.020247214,0.13864428,0.00039720428,0.03848369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013220714,0.00017065002,0.17823938,0.00017640328,0.0020081464,0.00022822022,0.00029387095,0.66873914,0.0026322298,0.008167571,0.13687173,0.0011505694],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3055473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14485988,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17714073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025901513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036907446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2763143459","doi":"10.22271/allscience.2017.v2.i5.06","title":"Subsurface temperature analysis along the Williston Basin, Canada for geothermal energy prospecting","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Advanced Science and Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prospecting; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Geothermal energy; Structural basin; Mining engineering; Geomorphology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.022495238262072986,"score_gpt":0.3448440859241613,"score_spread":0.3223488476620883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2763143459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98872405,0.00023910968,0.00018558247,0.0085553285,0.00040669576,0.00007527465,0.000010561322,0.0000030439144,0.0018003683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997962,0.00009607171,0.00027289818,0.00012487268,0.00032026233,0.0000068956974,0.000001050152,0.0000069659955,0.0012090099],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978672,0.00003942888,0.0002597784,0.00019288126,0.0013748413,0.00026584548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961535,0.000199271,0.00029234297,0.00027814382,0.0029717225,0.000105075116],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020630206,0.00007413311,0.0001393889,0.00019845123,0.0015721326,0.0004830515,0.001358153,0.000028802504,0.000015926182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007099078,0.000045185447,0.00006566827,0.0003434335,0.0005192774,0.00046282614,0.00011908125,0.00020018467,2.66916e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036430033,0.00013947493,0.025110207,0.000020625932,0.0010529369,0.00009294584,0.0014434339,0.38016728,0.26394495,0.24867663,0.0014207637,0.07756644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002279458,0.0002547519,0.40322503,0.00022867596,0.00011719509,0.00026841435,0.006396568,0.02528903,0.08626106,0.006587326,0.46853918,0.0005533075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.32266888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.36009794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4671184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020590617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008022885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765554585","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2017-0150","title":"Thermal properties of engineered barriers for a Canadian deep geological repository","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Ministère de la Défense Nationale; Nuclear Waste Management Organization","keywords":"Spent nuclear fuel; Environmental science; Radioactive waste; Bentonite; Moisture; Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Nuclear power; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Waste management; Geology; Meteorology; Engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.016024357475099848,"score_gpt":0.204194047671697,"score_spread":0.18816969019659716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765554585","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682312,0.0007909835,0.0012121119,0.0074804197,0.0008147714,0.0006525505,0.000065604916,0.00007665124,0.020675676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980654,0.000004840532,0.0002520116,0.00025032315,0.00040487372,0.00007727263,0.000003010442,0.000029437546,0.0009127969],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985911,0.0000388453,0.00040876694,0.00020021011,0.00013908873,0.0006219592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99729556,0.000020652767,0.00020635978,0.00057016144,0.00020094616,0.0017063089],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030019312,0.00016395135,0.0002674274,0.00016956212,0.001391994,0.00015015616,0.00080525747,0.00029661864,0.0002061164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037601494,0.00013407749,0.00018622717,0.000049327682,0.00024548848,0.000115803705,0.000024192026,0.0003215852,0.000009548753],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013935559,0.00006362756,0.0028454342,0.00010927315,0.00054399326,0.00047978727,0.0006442602,0.73795444,0.092328385,0.137659,0.004785194,0.022447268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019035002,0.000327976,0.033529013,0.00028408013,0.00014480774,0.0009865537,0.0005121902,0.07768366,0.013800163,0.0017570473,0.86791867,0.0011523649],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8785273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7690356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86313343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027793576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013879987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767011217","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.001","title":"A physical and semi-analytical comparison between coaxial BHE designs considering various piping materials","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Coaxial; Piping; Heat exchanger; Materials science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.05915558629871374,"score_gpt":0.303891957064196,"score_spread":0.2447363707654823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767011217","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827168,0.0000431973,0.004421328,0.0003263464,0.0001336083,0.00006174037,0.000015073075,0.00011003956,0.012171892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975131,0.0000051908146,0.00023059189,0.000072912764,0.001031019,0.000046221427,0.000019919727,0.000040906503,0.0010401311],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986733,0.000086025306,0.0003399515,0.0003699953,0.00017873314,0.00035198464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884117,0.00014035513,0.00021494174,0.0005973179,0.000037519418,0.00016870708],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014867279,0.00021942572,0.00052008184,0.000044496635,0.0005899779,0.0003000776,0.0002799592,0.00012364826,0.000090332534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005941077,0.0002005661,0.00007002582,0.000038282556,0.00018203394,0.00012405364,0.00018100491,0.00009787145,0.000035940084],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033948494,0.0001523124,0.0053342786,0.00004237011,0.0003645645,0.000029321287,0.00061073544,0.012537973,0.09681273,0.86889833,0.00055206625,0.014631378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0043525607,0.0003568432,0.08103072,0.00034174748,0.00076900586,0.00012020949,0.0004872022,0.113717526,0.35112378,0.028923297,0.41592497,0.0028521463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023708198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00070401834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.839975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030302259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030143521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98279303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768733132","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2017-0091","title":"Investigations of pile–soil interaction under thermo-mechanical loading","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Tsinghua University; University of Cambridge; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; University of California Berkeley","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Settlement (finance); Finite element method; Shear (geology); Shear stress; Constitutive equation; Geology; Stress (linguistics); Pile cap; Materials science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.032441061435053875,"score_gpt":0.26051850369216595,"score_spread":0.22807744225711207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2768733132","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90261155,0.00016544752,0.016301528,0.023079857,0.0016135405,0.00033805668,0.0000505552,0.00014452984,0.05569491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99833995,0.000016373579,0.00026584076,0.00040584503,0.00036862062,0.000014851887,0.000004743902,0.000026799727,0.0005569545],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988107,0.00005610605,0.000438743,0.00017800035,0.00017999651,0.00033643917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981907,0.000048874634,0.00037458056,0.0005862951,0.00013581199,0.00066370936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030906315,0.00013295241,0.00020745605,0.00015957693,0.00084847905,0.00017588223,0.0005975039,0.00020526903,0.0005941665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021597958,0.00012254056,0.00014472195,0.00008520006,0.00016941363,0.00023173325,0.00004657669,0.00051382923,0.00008004576],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015950984,0.00007364038,0.0003888175,0.000015752486,0.0001497062,0.00004718124,0.00009210432,0.20631653,0.04389888,0.72450143,0.0029329348,0.02156706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021791745,0.00029913682,0.05245553,0.00085721,0.00021407667,0.0020704789,0.00091669394,0.09368636,0.01983029,0.14742532,0.6786591,0.0014066775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19279328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.096949734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6757261,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022873058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039214836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9195286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770810288","doi":"","title":"Analytical and Experimental Study on Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchangers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Borehole; Coaxial; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Mechanics; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.03722822797661916,"score_gpt":0.2686266851247619,"score_spread":0.23139845714814272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2770810288","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807013,0.00004622783,0.000005387921,0.0005144577,0.0000988682,0.00024163842,0.000021649454,0.000047314526,0.018323101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961806,0.0000030529873,0.00005129707,0.00005129362,0.00009521309,0.0000021560688,0.00000985224,0.000023681003,0.0035828375],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998623,0.00010909076,0.00014959299,0.00047252703,0.00035585748,0.00028988984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867445,0.00004062492,0.00013772752,0.0008588828,0.00005738871,0.00023095096],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000286854,0.00020773435,0.00032290196,0.00012990268,0.0013021855,0.00008424704,0.00058898376,0.00015070183,0.00043785933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031248463,0.00023417073,0.00012121192,0.00008464868,0.00032650933,0.0003861744,0.00034719377,0.00021997279,0.00013372645],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020350427,0.0050412244,0.8766862,0.00007244569,0.0008689573,0.00034317985,0.01601971,0.002069477,0.055351738,0.037504666,0.0008942613,0.0031131036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036477025,0.00075434323,0.9702956,0.000048410253,0.00008766252,0.000011161087,0.009633518,0.00041291537,0.004356893,0.00010868425,0.010225228,0.0004178694],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0045959195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001178035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.093609415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007906646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002289798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2773229624","doi":"10.1007/s11053-017-9363-2","title":"Geothermal Characterization of the St. Lawrence Lowlands Sedimentary Basin, Québec, Canada","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural Resources Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Thermal conductivity; Outcrop; Sedimentary rock; Structural basin; Sedimentary basin; Petrology; Geochemistry; Mineralogy; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.021698366148130328,"score_gpt":0.2820765985945213,"score_spread":0.26037823244639097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2773229624","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.983078,0.00013413264,9.152386e-7,0.0065907044,0.00017035851,0.00015868185,0.00005016878,0.000012468011,0.009804589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824189,0.000011885045,0.0000049555656,0.00023432059,0.00023159967,0.00003291994,0.000021698466,0.000017973618,0.017025728],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824214,0.00016166041,0.0002098242,0.00021991145,0.00083066063,0.00033578803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858487,0.000103056926,0.00016326475,0.00083823234,0.00023388452,0.00007667232],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003520565,0.00010508611,0.00014293808,0.000043617492,0.00093595975,0.00009137305,0.0010961063,0.00006921964,0.0003302116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013967586,0.00006799271,0.00005474148,0.00014539117,0.00026429314,0.000105780804,0.0002689077,0.00036584726,0.000009960518],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050085766,0.0003265359,0.28053054,0.00035089668,0.00040561522,0.00003910275,0.0028466769,0.0033500837,0.5610177,0.019074256,0.030399563,0.1011582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017919617,0.000011674575,0.36011735,0.000042440577,0.0000033516553,0.0000022768024,0.00007422115,0.0017248471,0.009356179,0.000017845816,0.62839115,0.00007946031],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9876537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.88604075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5979916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001430484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037357546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.719874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779223620","doi":"","title":"SIMULATION AND MODEL CALIBRATION OF A LARGE-SCALE SOLAR SEASONAL STORAGE SYSTEM","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SimBuild","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Calibration; Subdivision; Solar energy; Meteorology; Photovoltaic system; Borehole; Engineering; Civil engineering; Geography; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.014667706721877814,"score_gpt":0.22913100091110483,"score_spread":0.21446329418922702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2779223620","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885483,0.00008143747,0.0072532455,0.000043025742,0.000014113567,0.00013570058,0.000020784824,0.00006446435,0.0038389575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977503,0.0000053956505,0.0017770437,0.000015936916,0.00005582639,0.000025664993,0.0000064414253,0.000020382,0.0003430463],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991668,0.000003498668,0.00029891505,0.00018516809,0.00020905385,0.00013659899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940616,0.000024625513,0.00022696766,0.00006715211,0.00021511922,0.000059998525],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012339279,0.00010618025,0.00020906178,0.00006134202,0.0000999052,0.0000096043705,0.00008465261,0.000090871436,0.000007520334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001863033,0.00010211024,0.000047259266,0.00014543833,0.000048713555,0.00023662638,0.00003432271,0.000055928016,0.0000010366684],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025820307,0.00007478955,0.0033770655,0.00032036778,0.000020108384,1.949975e-7,0.0010467806,0.8883857,0.026331589,0.08025981,0.000058800633,0.000098981945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031416584,0.000026923259,0.0011834932,0.00006483027,0.00001558652,0.0000046578366,0.00038975052,0.99072444,0.0065123755,0.00018595502,0.00048309623,0.00009473684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020099933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009942295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10233874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021030988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002033746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4163935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2779977002","doi":"10.3390/en11010038","title":"Evaluation of the Internal and Borehole Resistances during Thermal Response Tests and Impact on Ground Heat Exchanger Design","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Thermal resistance; Thermal; Mechanics; Work (physics); Volumetric flow rate; Geothermal gradient; Flow (mathematics); Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Geology; Heat transfer; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.04291047762264537,"score_gpt":0.3039477859443317,"score_spread":0.2610373083216863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2779977002","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99667656,0.0006694438,0.0000042869215,0.00029453897,0.00007598245,0.00010005711,0.000004702058,0.000013813555,0.0021605915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998505,0.000025123882,0.000043613472,0.000012059459,0.00008329201,0.00005153633,4.482397e-7,0.000013589465,0.0012653173],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990091,0.00030579788,0.0001308563,0.00015953714,0.00027645318,0.00011825744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992261,0.00012572027,0.000114577815,0.0004297818,0.00007245826,0.000031376545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008734281,0.0001099639,0.00011791251,0.00003689474,0.00037277228,0.000098073346,0.00017230827,0.00004294327,0.000031197553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001412037,0.00006636852,0.000037261594,0.000030100588,0.0001541419,0.00012935454,0.00007064114,0.000049484064,0.0000011945986],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013214672,0.00007027958,0.00784808,0.000033971188,0.00016610301,0.0000028261688,0.0023298801,0.41763303,0.55380124,0.0057183285,0.00014204861,0.010932745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004865582,0.00004901027,0.95840544,0.000096122094,0.00003128292,0.0000053429962,0.00013894345,0.0023091477,0.037381507,0.00055231,0.00045438806,0.0000899626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042192917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000692979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95055735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003753634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032018277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63783354},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2780625114","doi":"10.1007/s12665-017-7182-8","title":"Impact of pore fluid chemistry on the thermal conductivity of bentonite–sand mixture","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Earth Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Bentonite; Distilled water; Salinity; Mineralogy; Hydraulic conductivity; Pore water pressure; Infiltration (HVAC); Groundwater; Chemistry; Materials science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Soil science; Composite material; Soil water; Chromatography","score_opus":0.0172744828764289,"score_gpt":0.24607389866100318,"score_spread":0.22879941578457427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2780625114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96933335,0.000056519053,8.9853813e-7,0.000130582,0.000026593101,0.000065225555,0.00003406951,0.000004291272,0.030348489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990238,0.000009054106,0.000018436358,0.000011242887,0.000042372227,0.000007069911,0.0000041378626,0.000004879922,0.00087901566],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992919,0.000023039067,0.00013266451,0.00017203452,0.00024341991,0.00013691722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927044,0.0000334671,0.00022409181,0.00042938863,0.0000033895235,0.000039220653],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017408845,0.000097228,0.00012039753,0.0000105301915,0.00037636491,0.000027907872,0.00043090337,0.000042198735,0.0014591087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011630195,0.000055142467,0.00010003868,0.000033014,0.0010677852,0.00010646959,0.00006535064,0.000061143866,0.000014688182],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075469284,0.00009933266,0.044263113,0.0000035253138,0.000021128913,4.6944643e-7,0.00015342681,0.009117773,0.94435245,0.0008468998,0.000011985052,0.0011223418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012084544,0.00008039627,0.6121095,0.000012839524,0.0000051435077,0.0000029549324,0.00012403369,0.00038055427,0.38630557,0.00007459272,0.0007107913,0.000072812196],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018045167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018166767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56784636,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006924373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017943157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99945366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2781103774","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.092","title":"A block matrix formulation for efficient g-function construction","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Matrix (chemical analysis); Block (permutation group theory); Laplace transform; Mathematical optimization; Function (biology); Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Algorithm; Computer science; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Materials science","score_opus":0.013142074575599738,"score_gpt":0.24527138386709801,"score_spread":0.23212930929149828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2781103774","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25929365,0.00036416424,0.5728574,0.0008015625,0.0030371975,0.0006569639,0.000048925805,0.000648571,0.1622916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98323935,0.000010412356,0.0016449841,0.0000411692,0.00058713194,0.00029168333,0.000056754638,0.000037426824,0.014091082],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99894965,0.000019536175,0.00028035676,0.00031316414,0.00015556756,0.00028171332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876654,0.000036595164,0.0003116656,0.00067014433,0.00013134896,0.00008371974],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012753803,0.00016090194,0.0001833343,0.000078415535,0.00093067175,0.00014670544,0.00020578629,0.00014100847,0.0000698613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040088464,0.00015344773,0.0001254922,0.000068290516,0.00003439682,0.00013164207,0.000040190153,0.000033187585,0.000020637146],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029830317,0.000024572912,0.00005466772,0.000010062313,0.000022892169,1.8348803e-7,0.000008111797,0.6785998,0.010055452,0.3071016,0.00019363074,0.003899207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001110686,0.00007673114,0.0008540089,0.000033218883,0.000056081277,0.000016463828,0.000052372998,0.38914016,0.023711378,0.012273894,0.57237566,0.00029934617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.070121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038783138,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7239457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066705514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003998459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93607116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782181000","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2017-0447","title":"Colloquium 2016: Assessment of subsurface thermal conductivity for geothermal applications","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Thermal conductivity; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Context (archaeology); Petroleum engineering; Drill; Thermal effusivity; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal; Geology; Geophysics; Meteorology; Materials science; Engineering; Thermal resistance; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01998999102197455,"score_gpt":0.2781375258550285,"score_spread":0.2581475348330539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2782181000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60559535,0.0005471371,0.32212394,0.008195034,0.0012172578,0.003242761,0.0007731509,0.0002832047,0.05802217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942452,0.000008476409,0.0029995192,0.00030215422,0.0008547025,0.0002534842,0.000014194185,0.00004593506,0.0012763356],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998341,0.00007634122,0.00052775635,0.00027414673,0.00021712802,0.00056360476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998056,0.000096440024,0.00028911818,0.00047231145,0.00047099174,0.0006151735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005923531,0.00018920141,0.00031211253,0.00016115874,0.00051783246,0.00005702963,0.000502088,0.00022953225,0.0007731553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003472285,0.00017369592,0.0001936672,0.00029066153,0.00034023542,0.0001239465,0.000029919038,0.00030027758,0.000042253825],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008863967,0.0005119694,0.0018027443,0.00009932706,0.0005302086,0.000015998661,0.0001988776,0.18064764,0.20244795,0.5490092,0.014441605,0.050205857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009370087,0.00026013638,0.014080246,0.0000500745,0.00006792209,0.00012598207,0.00010805269,0.018817944,0.003537065,0.0026371388,0.9589642,0.00041417338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.052641373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021886472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9445227,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002532171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011745037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99596155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2785136636","doi":"","title":"Amélioration de la conception de systèmes de pompes à chaleur géothermiques","year":2017,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Humanities; Physics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.012019709726254747,"score_gpt":0.25401607995958564,"score_spread":0.2419963702333309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2785136636","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43848827,0.010520002,0.49882963,0.02366234,0.00043604127,0.001096022,0.00018688472,0.0012588662,0.025521936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9489132,0.001984525,0.023808487,0.0013748576,0.0015163185,0.0013894541,0.000042548272,0.00019137978,0.020779192],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960504,0.0009619327,0.0006973801,0.0006349898,0.00031974123,0.0013355638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99654096,0.00021856284,0.0008286626,0.001661431,0.00019135531,0.0005590061],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018180378,0.0005855893,0.00057927915,0.00026626073,0.0012477018,0.0011353362,0.0010471126,0.0011324087,0.00023449342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038125648,0.000667507,0.00032152308,0.00021799072,0.000798855,0.0007390468,0.00019929199,0.0006307147,0.00009266047],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073698415,0.00044197292,0.034246378,0.00023091082,0.00016337477,0.00010936979,0.0014595106,0.053734798,0.05584377,0.7830948,0.003446768,0.06715465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015599818,0.00027347254,0.27444676,0.0011545629,0.0002907607,0.000894449,0.0011349298,0.4433312,0.055605903,0.044072866,0.17556809,0.0016670336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.42497882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.042475395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73902196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017322201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000741569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2787727018","doi":"10.3390/en11020387","title":"Detailed Theoretical Characterization of a Transcritical CO2 Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump Water Heater","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Transcritical cycle; Heat pump; Refrigerant; Air source heat pumps; Heat exchanger; Process engineering; Engineering; Coefficient of performance; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering","score_opus":0.007997251593372565,"score_gpt":0.21454586080761898,"score_spread":0.20654860921424642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2787727018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98940355,0.000017055707,0.0013326907,0.00057100964,0.0001583145,0.00008998853,0.000008623569,0.00013205466,0.008286713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99743146,0.0000104938235,0.00006779626,0.00016764346,0.0003784294,0.00007806299,0.00008524637,0.00004378382,0.0017370917],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987083,0.00011753749,0.00035718994,0.0002842944,0.00020639024,0.00032628127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939454,0.000043060212,0.000023768825,0.0003425111,0.0001133242,0.00008278362],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001432581,0.00018470366,0.0002844122,0.00006867245,0.00014396555,0.00004178608,0.00015364776,0.00013100532,0.0012893598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001076726,0.000125445,0.00010619326,0.000104118844,0.00049267843,0.00012596018,0.000037400736,0.00006482352,0.00011905582],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005620207,0.00007183472,0.000094953226,0.000020439647,0.000026813712,0.0000010933558,0.0009383962,0.0015263495,0.84474343,0.15198733,0.0000086756245,0.0005244848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041479638,0.000120771176,0.0027313784,0.000048683578,0.000039937913,0.0000099733425,0.0001362171,0.0033121046,0.9613553,0.0011429812,0.030454582,0.00023326985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00068544457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011012017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15084435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001758739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012010388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789414169","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-809597-3.00313-8","title":"3.6 Geothermal Energy Production","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Geothermal desalination; Production (economics); Environmental science; Electricity; Waste management; Engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Economics","score_opus":0.013869484458593219,"score_gpt":0.21637365305842632,"score_spread":0.2025041685998331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789414169","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001288278,0.00046290059,0.000009099535,0.00010719899,0.00086109614,0.00021773597,0.000017174474,0.00027116915,0.9979248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0041930103,0.000045476227,0.000117656535,0.0003441249,0.0042883144,0.00018018298,0.00006792303,0.00024953534,0.9905138],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979417,0.000030750914,0.0005526341,0.00074547285,0.00034693512,0.00038255734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99818397,0.000017604678,0.0003736102,0.0010917612,0.00018555259,0.00014751466],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001487582,0.00053438096,0.00049884914,0.00015448622,0.0002081088,0.000050157058,0.00036567549,0.0005065062,0.0040379344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000074411823,0.00049822836,0.00028130095,0.000019647225,0.00022564192,0.00004663465,0.00009846965,0.0002465253,0.0020064986],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009047778,0.000009260044,4.3063656e-7,0.000027061315,0.00011891576,0.0000052460496,0.000091088186,0.00009517743,0.00024548222,0.2614313,0.0011100114,0.73685694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012240089,0.00003827005,0.000006335131,0.00018096955,0.00007431687,0.00003562075,0.0000057801813,0.000027074164,0.0003910668,0.024617814,0.9739712,0.00052915735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000095991425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00079622224,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9728612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009408761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008715064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997469},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789915531","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2018.1423816","title":"Modifications to ASHRAE's sizing method for vertical ground heat exchangers","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"ASHRAE 90.1; Sizing; Borehole; Superposition principle; Mathematical optimization; Convergence (economics); Heat exchanger; Applied mathematics; Process (computing); Dimensioning; Computer science; Mechanics; Algorithm; Engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Meteorology; Geotechnical engineering; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.029064301023953933,"score_gpt":0.29132457902290837,"score_spread":0.26226027799895446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2789915531","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3639883,0.00039768024,0.57727444,0.055163775,0.00022667913,0.0016919193,0.000020899834,0.00016415725,0.0010721672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718358,0.000019796249,0.025418626,0.0004266982,0.000089122754,0.0016910151,0.0000013476888,0.000012962619,0.000504642],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903274,0.0000069917364,0.00013293535,0.00036545738,0.00013828946,0.0003236091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928105,0.000105413164,0.000018432673,0.00048395668,0.000041066356,0.000070102724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053301174,0.000093282455,0.00009777716,0.00011741977,0.00092427136,0.000032585154,0.00042818763,0.000073553274,0.000016982514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008559922,0.000065971726,0.000027491124,0.00032992486,0.0009149431,0.000056130237,0.00012845617,0.000043783002,0.00003497936],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012252763,0.000049385108,0.00004722959,0.000005621109,0.000020635121,7.7756475e-8,0.0002577077,0.0020364318,0.33304295,0.56945604,0.00015162115,0.09492002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034158822,0.0002917204,0.0012424435,0.000008855957,0.000046121273,0.000010290998,0.00074133504,0.043227144,0.12238207,0.022465426,0.8090332,0.00020977727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037368966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000098148375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8088816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068409005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023863695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71088415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790892027","doi":"10.4095/306550","title":"Low temperature geothermal case studies","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geology; Paleontology","score_opus":0.033043570375038196,"score_gpt":0.3025255498785119,"score_spread":0.2694819795034737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2790892027","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.083238,0.003290865,0.00000768979,0.00021270101,0.0024078088,0.0003774962,0.00010264612,0.0004942115,0.9098686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.34527338,0.00081577443,0.00017097885,0.00028594967,0.006001904,0.0003601815,0.000117737094,0.00017787318,0.6467962],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99785405,0.000058473932,0.0005668925,0.0006075604,0.0005077672,0.00040525725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976294,0.000058237332,0.00028258262,0.00093093794,0.0009731499,0.00012566446],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034418333,0.00048803166,0.0006852565,0.00011368897,0.0002836766,0.00006914203,0.00024118405,0.0006323237,0.002836689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007907926,0.0003537358,0.00025028214,0.00019600934,0.0001605726,0.000059213497,0.00011998354,0.00032757313,0.0009524231],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015011683,0.00026856782,0.000033863613,0.0013325675,0.0026615006,0.0060330057,0.00068608794,0.0037932033,0.0019938583,0.020580739,0.9511724,0.011429177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015043977,0.00003511016,0.00001898422,0.00018380015,0.00009015217,0.007301831,0.0004168414,0.000031086973,0.0011667352,0.00010242993,0.99000216,0.00050041516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022918932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010438834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26307234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018961621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003771658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791815607","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.200","title":"A techno-economic model for application of geothermal heat pump systems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Procedia","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat pump; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Electricity; Renewable heat; Environmental science; Engineering; Electricity generation; Process engineering; Hybrid heat; Mechanical engineering; Power (physics); Heat exchanger; Electrical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.015289239672420971,"score_gpt":0.2417269272043672,"score_spread":0.22643768753194624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791815607","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35497388,0.00071995246,0.5545234,0.001020043,0.0008181105,0.0016026091,0.00031113837,0.0006747516,0.08535613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918019,0.00001619703,0.00054109,0.000034073506,0.0003894369,0.0020841998,0.000041412364,0.00006189899,0.0050297882],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881023,0.0000084465,0.00040883344,0.0003735973,0.000113983806,0.0002848812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849623,0.000028583829,0.00032943426,0.00096392917,0.000097924385,0.00008388303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014835478,0.00019477507,0.00030807126,0.000057340632,0.00031824232,0.0000685291,0.00059831695,0.00018002359,0.000010333399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019960566,0.00018723607,0.000116653144,0.00003409916,0.000097816446,0.00017277781,0.00006664494,0.000051156858,0.000022151242],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013672248,0.000027231818,0.00009907942,0.000046144978,0.00002485329,7.216686e-8,0.000032668773,0.52371746,0.0072159283,0.46609715,0.000070670285,0.0026550626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044757334,0.000022445389,0.00017030105,0.00002261263,0.000020578249,0.000004307494,0.000028594892,0.9435479,0.00667384,0.0029436632,0.045913823,0.0002043383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025367346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013202596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.636828,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006180187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000827916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9811228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792702270","doi":"10.5897/jdae2017.0870","title":"Economic analysis of duck eggs incubation using hot spring as heat source","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alzheimer Society Research Program; University of the Philippines","keywords":"Incubator; Profitability index; Payback period; Agricultural science; Production (economics); Operations management; Environmental science; Electricity; Business; Animal science; Engineering; Biology; Economics; Electrical engineering; Finance","score_opus":0.012092704270569864,"score_gpt":0.2211995870524615,"score_spread":0.20910688278189166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792702270","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986704,0.000054104446,0.00012271818,0.00007193709,0.00011342606,0.000033239627,0.0000010727891,0.0000048628663,0.0009282187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976803,0.00003410688,0.0017459854,0.000027349546,0.00024319289,0.0000010954554,0.000005102791,0.000006072881,0.00025680457],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910164,0.000013691386,0.00061702647,0.000110050714,0.0000432776,0.000114336275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993047,0.000022594893,0.0004475353,0.0000631844,0.00008916541,0.00007279155],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015775,0.00010913864,0.00031303577,0.00015521309,0.00010780374,0.000044426703,0.000100317106,0.000053433236,0.000060732902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004617524,0.000077728546,0.00010298013,0.000116704825,0.00003230409,0.000206355,0.00003329088,0.00005108853,0.000009914601],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086288586,0.00009238453,0.052347466,0.000029939436,0.003598422,0.0000013344221,0.0042803325,0.878368,0.024579713,0.021228101,0.000053501975,0.015334472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011529359,0.00015894853,0.86420596,0.00010242964,0.0008409544,0.00011721993,0.0030772986,0.0350399,0.048121013,0.0002870503,0.046195842,0.0007004206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012185159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001510918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8433281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015216389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000068626745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31696782},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2801101504","doi":"10.31214/ijthfa.v1i1.17","title":"International Heat Flow Commission: History and Accomplishments over the last fifty-five years","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal heating; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Geophysics; Earth science; Internal heating; Crust; Geothermal energy; Earth history; Heat flow; Environmental science; Thermal; Meteorology; Mechanics; Geography; Paleontology","score_opus":0.015376139838937423,"score_gpt":0.23826247318159793,"score_spread":0.2228863333426605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2801101504","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25818646,0.000110387955,0.00023380939,0.0011935437,0.000831773,0.00009984401,0.0000071400505,0.0000816639,0.73925537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96351427,0.000007828141,0.00033937476,0.00080361177,0.00046174813,0.000024592908,0.000008954175,0.00001191813,0.03482773],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995184,0.000020288197,0.00010724255,0.00013784504,0.00012204484,0.000094200295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999659,0.00002559044,0.000023179382,0.00020616713,0.000038142138,0.00004792963],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005808989,0.000069710615,0.00006399078,0.000022641487,0.000083891806,0.000025490746,0.00018148415,0.000036587622,0.004665593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005574184,0.000047142832,0.000025936344,0.000033785105,0.00009639661,0.00006511062,0.00008750247,0.00005025974,0.00019571012],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043298976,0.00021963404,0.0048264596,0.000010447875,0.00023731668,0.000005353792,0.0037428287,0.0029206127,0.0053001666,0.25865507,0.66490644,0.05913234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001893271,0.000010307252,0.04183949,0.000007247375,0.0000034722166,0.0000046175037,0.0000902976,0.0058650426,0.000057562484,0.00015136428,0.95171976,0.00006150213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004397274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006210123,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70532775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058401787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011331035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99624425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802484730","doi":"10.7939/r3tq5rt5q","title":"Finite Element Modeling of Thermal Insulation Effects in a Borehole Thermal Energy Storage","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Alberta Library","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal; Finite element method; Thermal energy storage; Thermal insulation; Environmental science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Composite material; Physics; Meteorology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.008847458443443921,"score_gpt":0.17950436613261697,"score_spread":0.17065690768917305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2802484730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93587285,0.000041469793,0.0010423067,0.00019551952,0.000032519943,0.000070955444,0.0000031040597,0.000014995553,0.062726274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99689364,0.000010710266,0.00039023222,0.000026560077,0.00003086426,8.903823e-7,0.00002954994,0.000015599444,0.002601931],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993768,0.000056116347,0.0001599124,0.00016457413,0.000104574916,0.00013803964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992079,0.00007976207,0.00021367447,0.0004365272,0.000016920656,0.00004517753],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004137381,0.00010185765,0.00019015638,0.000098546385,0.00013315752,0.000014216309,0.00038418022,0.00008237753,0.00017979105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010125105,0.0001109221,0.00007645624,0.00006804941,0.000059808433,0.0005506579,0.00015458591,0.000057213354,0.0000053588724],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000081609134,0.00012213102,0.008942512,0.0000429336,0.00004311602,0.0000068362738,0.0017036471,0.8924021,0.0046465895,0.08976941,0.000015468238,0.0022236598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015003341,0.000067481524,0.100090735,0.00015063303,0.000023320492,3.881397e-7,0.00030746066,0.8862978,0.002989709,0.00058518734,0.0077652005,0.00022173213],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.074413344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016303246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09114822,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012157621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003936486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93175024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803301135","doi":"10.1115/es2013-18222","title":"Modelling of an Indirect Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System for a High Performance Residential House","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Sizing; Nuclear engineering; Hybrid heat; Environmental science; Solar energy; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger; Chemistry","score_opus":0.024228486039956153,"score_gpt":0.21461082061046383,"score_spread":0.19038233457050768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2803301135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772713,0.000017055729,0.018278033,0.00004308814,0.00009575564,0.0003990503,0.000007247744,0.0002966259,0.003591848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942676,0.0000032551163,0.0028634255,0.000018298937,0.00014666165,0.00050400005,0.000018290164,0.000055750297,0.002122725],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989166,0.00003832834,0.000402872,0.00024298728,0.00015397058,0.0002452368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922615,0.000033167427,0.00009806995,0.00040544764,0.00015183559,0.000085349224],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014016869,0.00014008595,0.00026161014,0.0000794737,0.00014460557,0.000050976687,0.00019945318,0.00010701122,0.0000890736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029592964,0.00011659044,0.00006889281,0.00013376972,0.000023736866,0.00026358492,0.000023305578,0.0000504726,0.000069835485],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025202431,0.00007736715,0.000069762435,0.0002046481,0.00005359439,2.898065e-7,0.00012351586,0.9621201,0.016232006,0.01892831,0.000071123366,0.0020940446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005302831,0.00008509414,0.0012138336,0.000064822925,0.000026342901,0.000007743674,0.0002156476,0.90516174,0.09187211,0.00010283075,0.00054093014,0.00017859733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07798439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065746927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07732692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003818669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027941831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92815536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805706195","doi":"","title":"First assessment for geothermal utilization of two regionally extensive Devonian carbonate aquifers in Alberta, Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EGUGA","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Devonian; Outcrop; Petrophysics; Geothermal gradient; Carbonate; Aquifer; Geochemistry; Carbonate rock; Facies; Sedimentary rock; Petrology; Structural basin; Geomorphology; Groundwater; Paleontology; Porosity; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.01786480667181176,"score_gpt":0.26529926459800085,"score_spread":0.2474344579261891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2805706195","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9336068,0.00006107901,0.0014548554,0.0030966662,0.00045579646,0.00062856684,0.00004804251,0.00003009608,0.060618073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959931,0.0000028382728,0.000710631,0.0003232106,0.00016019937,0.00014871253,0.00003557388,0.000026628362,0.002599117],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909323,0.000027157745,0.00028597127,0.00021338701,0.00015863727,0.00022160455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992866,0.00009398679,0.00013371279,0.00023976996,0.00018997522,0.00005597037],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008690256,0.000117111354,0.00017346733,0.000050674946,0.00008209786,0.000008100009,0.00013667234,0.00004766817,0.00012443015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002273311,0.000113983195,0.000040365365,0.0001556033,0.000056951398,0.00004301209,0.000019960853,0.000040802483,0.00000366644],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007806167,0.00016309795,0.034990225,0.00010831991,0.0001298953,0.0000061473015,0.0010433696,0.20658265,0.0022450518,0.74916327,0.0030649188,0.0024250064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026315202,0.00014907787,0.23874392,0.00015900459,0.00003352049,0.0000094472625,0.00041383866,0.076382495,0.0028155716,0.0030922093,0.6750355,0.000533922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.96256226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9926313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74607104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014154435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003484153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46480998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2809403080","doi":"10.1061/9780784481691.037","title":"Evaluation of Coupled Thermal and Hydraulic Relationships Used in Simulation of Thermally-Induced Water Flow in Unsaturated Soils","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PanAm Unsaturated Soils 2017","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Saturation (graph theory); Hydraulic conductivity; Heat exchanger; Soil water; Degree of saturation; Thermal conductivity; Heat transfer; Silt; Soil science; Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal gradient; Soil thermal properties; Environmental science; Materials science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.06463937325511153,"score_gpt":0.29448522283436795,"score_spread":0.2298458495792564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2809403080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99611783,0.00010506916,0.00007013307,0.00013066351,0.00011077348,0.0006031596,0.000008846521,0.000044407785,0.0028091213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99950033,0.00000814805,0.00006663247,0.00002000828,0.00007587563,0.000079372556,0.00012368574,0.000039922455,0.00008600253],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969605,0.00080440415,0.0008945653,0.00040675135,0.0005582963,0.00037543435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998054,0.00020318014,0.00037698212,0.0005343498,0.0007543889,0.00007704468],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002115461,0.00027218703,0.0004630236,0.00035401227,0.00012946672,0.000033823166,0.00020730292,0.0003647604,0.00013658495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022518533,0.00021552932,0.000063468855,0.0005737088,0.0001465945,0.00031519233,0.000037713453,0.00028782975,0.000034150784],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009496642,0.00010239093,0.0023769166,0.000024249694,0.000059393333,0.0000012350175,0.0025235582,0.6909819,0.30019018,0.00039949684,0.0000025655559,0.0032431292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019593807,0.000058947542,0.13480428,0.000109864384,0.00006788932,0.0000014332894,0.00024559605,0.8292079,0.03282805,0.0004552899,0.000037124784,0.00022425408],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009555397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011203159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26736212,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011128722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014168986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99704003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810105132","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2018.06.007","title":"Pressure–enthalpy coupled thermal resistance and capacity model (PH-TRCM) for direct-expansion borehole heat exchangers: Application for supercritical CO2","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development","keywords":"Borehole; Supercritical fluid; Heat exchanger; Thermodynamics; Enthalpy; Work (physics); Mass flow rate; Thermal resistance; Mechanics; Materials science; Chemistry; Thermal; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.024155900186460515,"score_gpt":0.2520127751860297,"score_spread":0.2278568749995692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2810105132","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8534936,0.0006671607,0.13524632,0.0010850892,0.00016624402,0.0021641806,0.00053644856,0.0002723275,0.0063686613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98896545,0.000026966367,0.0044423216,0.00044656591,0.000621507,0.0019936867,0.000098238466,0.000097418284,0.0033078324],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842495,0.000036480862,0.0003359066,0.0005604185,0.00017472885,0.0004675175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988405,0.0001475199,0.00004289349,0.0005482814,0.00027895122,0.00014181928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029764228,0.00025726695,0.0003216677,0.000047860223,0.00039456363,0.000054491622,0.0002164493,0.00022115344,0.000032464333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004390897,0.00024363855,0.00010497615,0.00010660755,0.00024500114,0.00013642672,0.000037364993,0.00007780298,0.000012239454],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00073608226,0.00044304822,0.00017174335,0.0005825096,0.00018537417,4.6071537e-7,0.0022211848,0.05895432,0.6311448,0.29817897,0.002786875,0.0045946026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012032328,0.00009617478,0.00027099787,0.00004668589,0.000085973625,0.0000023346186,0.000104666295,0.8105146,0.016228661,0.0038707978,0.1671885,0.00038736017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015745378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019221099,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7515603,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041988205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004161278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935292},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810937539","doi":"10.3989/egeol.43115.480","title":"Evaluación de la posibilidad de almacenamiento de energía renovable en el subsuelo de la cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica: estudio geomecánico de la Formación Keuper","year":2018,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Estudios Geológicos","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.008039447436566365,"score_gpt":0.309566834903664,"score_spread":0.3015273874670976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2810937539","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93392205,0.003612845,0.0035705636,0.0005732992,0.00034350718,0.0007984497,0.00006155101,0.000446976,0.056670785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98237014,0.0024190987,0.004005106,0.0009083365,0.0020063967,0.0012060087,0.000040453935,0.00032571808,0.0067187287],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9898445,0.0035784882,0.0012481104,0.0014454423,0.00089349895,0.0029899396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943125,0.0019083646,0.0005509025,0.0017980875,0.00043607573,0.0009940701],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0067183054,0.0012068559,0.0012251433,0.00040556444,0.0012674292,0.00052995846,0.0015503482,0.0013932717,0.00065778935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008014731,0.0012102779,0.00062099396,0.0012662287,0.0011798067,0.0003767447,0.0006517122,0.0011879448,0.00044041808],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005676874,0.0046911817,0.39664394,0.00077547855,0.0032011054,0.0006793689,0.021527108,0.11115194,0.105114855,0.3196274,0.017396,0.018623926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006385308,0.00081131683,0.33156842,0.00080066494,0.0014080559,0.0025170213,0.0022716988,0.045339257,0.027233329,0.0061052362,0.5727711,0.00278859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023115775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010275005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5553751,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021921366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017261778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884906841","doi":"","title":"St. Lawrence Lowlands bottom-hole temperatures: various correction methods.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Structural basin; Geology; Sedimentary rock; Sedimentary basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Mineralogy; Environmental science; Geomorphology; Geochemistry; Paleontology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.010256525003391203,"score_gpt":0.26764423811989996,"score_spread":0.25738771311650877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884906841","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06378437,0.00015640534,0.3174644,0.0005459582,0.0022822514,0.0002455704,0.0000063201146,0.0009496226,0.6145651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93917173,0.000007088693,0.0123823155,0.00052671996,0.00029642513,0.000080211656,0.000025019443,0.00002651737,0.047483962],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904114,0.000111716596,0.00021767186,0.00028888267,0.00012286806,0.00021771698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923813,0.0001235786,0.00006609169,0.00041187886,0.00006805238,0.00009226077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034594137,0.00014458469,0.00017572586,0.00005036583,0.00016701124,0.00006200383,0.00016958562,0.00010984603,0.000624858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005427807,0.00011422188,0.00006575548,0.00021822753,0.00002993158,0.000071843,0.000028361046,0.00015477293,0.00025110593],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016736161,0.00014851791,0.00094698515,0.00001996338,0.000058347923,0.0000016320022,0.00028313603,0.04458636,0.017540373,0.8537129,0.023291798,0.059393257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032564072,0.00006174811,0.00146187,0.00001845215,0.000016010508,0.000018761519,0.00008894732,0.10386363,0.00780825,0.0036811435,0.8823775,0.00027803937],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011551106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007956615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8753874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023538138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020192103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99503106},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885146928","doi":"","title":"Eddy covariance measurements of the carbon balance of a newly established hybrid poplar plantation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"18th Conference on Atmospheric BioGeosciences/28th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/28th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology<br> (28 April–2 May 2008)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Eddy covariance; Covariance; Balance (ability); Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Atmospheric sciences; Mathematics; Statistics; Geology; Ecosystem; Algorithm; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.03032398845946629,"score_gpt":0.2300762811541848,"score_spread":0.1997522926947185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885146928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98586655,0.00025089117,0.00042129133,0.0036057327,0.0007277521,0.0009959327,0.00014455205,0.000115669165,0.0078716185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99537134,0.00086946244,0.0018856983,0.00069901836,0.00013407825,0.000252444,0.000048651946,0.00003486863,0.0007044126],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934286,0.00076112343,0.0014259882,0.0017563072,0.0013891822,0.0012388253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99570733,0.00038199252,0.0013610095,0.0009711523,0.0010459283,0.0005325739],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052791304,0.0010509754,0.0016684762,0.000101828875,0.00073944405,0.00013476782,0.001365539,0.00056142337,0.00031759206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039203782,0.0006437433,0.000271918,0.0011385977,0.0030451377,0.00029366196,0.00025928533,0.00082572934,0.00002425783],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016387053,0.0012773062,0.16080457,0.000187197,0.00036864763,0.000043778746,0.0010830681,0.0041218204,0.04442771,0.7767578,0.0003259363,0.008963459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004619415,0.00554467,0.94142056,0.0005176185,0.0003196216,0.00039681356,0.0011172298,0.027363736,0.0051373774,0.010007317,0.001729645,0.0018259829],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009517297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019307809,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.780616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009605285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004858784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886470930","doi":"10.29007/2km4","title":"Investigation and feasibility study of ground source heat pump for office buildings in China","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"EasyChair preprint","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; Adaptability; China; Civil engineering; Field survey; Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.0344477420585913,"score_gpt":0.2845381286866754,"score_spread":0.2500903866280841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2886470930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826405,0.00011614976,0.0068854825,0.000097088756,0.00030165882,0.0023032718,0.000027050248,0.00004171407,0.0075870785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851729,0.000010430133,0.00019710856,0.000028954892,0.00025774643,0.00084808754,0.00006558898,0.000054800585,0.013364355],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99779147,0.00016630975,0.0007084876,0.0008744842,0.00020505619,0.00025418578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984525,0.00009504066,0.00031650977,0.0008699773,0.00015980811,0.00010619609],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006459989,0.00031414907,0.0005535916,0.00013985712,0.00010803759,0.00004300779,0.00029984157,0.0002733737,0.00019912828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009335885,0.0003085732,0.00008079942,0.00023946933,0.00012865326,0.000071348855,0.00019257548,0.00021052595,0.00010422218],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003507064,0.0015353246,0.010893585,0.0011386116,0.00023981863,5.9486e-7,0.015763987,0.95430154,0.0058105066,0.0058155516,0.0018260615,0.002323687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009681924,0.0023329195,0.67450076,0.0015598563,0.00010035574,0.000025612879,0.0055655777,0.04060789,0.006494639,0.005955599,0.2505395,0.0026353244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07401278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0061791386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91369367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010953828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000756538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889109981","doi":"10.1029/2017rg000584","title":"Development and Application of the Heat Pulse Method for Soil Physical Measurements","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Reviews of Geophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":163,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Alberta","funders":"Northwest A and F University; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Environmental science; Thermal; Mechanics; Field (mathematics); Soil science; Computer science; Geophysics; Remote sensing; Mechanical engineering; Process engineering; Geology; Physics; Meteorology; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04788068726877741,"score_gpt":0.3142549096558061,"score_spread":0.2663742223870287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889109981","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79936934,0.003054142,0.17938684,0.00043027286,0.00023023886,0.003954139,0.000029029401,0.000053357842,0.013492623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97195596,0.000093087634,0.02673434,0.00010626983,0.00027534008,0.00060964783,0.0000090842095,0.000023113662,0.00019313846],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925363,0.000051348925,0.0003163304,0.0001519324,0.00012842148,0.00009831618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926764,0.000030984866,0.00019425151,0.0003420021,0.00013922897,0.000025922345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028520753,0.000097611024,0.0002963187,0.0000103821985,0.00008079911,0.0000038002042,0.00015158045,0.000026995169,0.0000029085895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018910532,0.00006375315,0.000099687626,0.00014133703,0.000057619123,0.000029195795,0.000040320283,0.000026295424,0.000010746637],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008956406,0.00017872713,0.00009122392,0.00044681798,0.00005637598,3.7471435e-9,0.0005011072,0.00031759322,0.21912928,0.073432,0.00007791429,0.70576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000356501,0.000047176978,0.0030687845,0.00015727227,0.0000901709,6.189145e-7,0.000028451783,0.005875896,0.2754646,0.0034531984,0.7112815,0.00017586876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006225267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011999161,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7112035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000131390825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024965377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2599778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895487637","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2018.1523950","title":"Control-oriented model of a solar community with seasonal thermal energy storage: development, calibration and validation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Model predictive control; Calibration; Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Solar energy; Key (lock); Engineering; Control (management); Thermal; Environmental science; Control engineering; Computer science; Meteorology; Geography; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0188074421253193,"score_gpt":0.24390416613076404,"score_spread":0.22509672400544475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2895487637","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6592517,0.000010959501,0.34057504,0.000016899383,0.000027743552,0.000033923316,0.0000011660698,0.000009341279,0.00007324448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943866,0.0000033613635,0.0053852815,0.000034352503,0.00012752251,0.0000040005216,0.000007768402,0.000016192465,0.00003488423],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989909,0.000098357224,0.00044659997,0.00007663581,0.00026770573,0.00011979447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865323,0.00006713936,0.0006232895,0.00012612177,0.0004748074,0.00005542297],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048554555,0.00011160708,0.00018879746,0.0001209711,0.00029399528,0.00002543626,0.00009292492,0.00006609066,0.00001169567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020367559,0.00008899257,0.000028913273,0.00015882484,0.000070956456,0.00060779176,0.000017652077,0.00013573751,2.5312988e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021856111,0.000049998904,0.0052500153,0.000021514963,0.00004430311,1.1834548e-7,0.00058564363,0.95536226,0.031045815,0.0017467657,0.0000020137827,0.005673004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000983522,0.00020852014,0.009113874,0.0000926141,0.000028826278,0.0000065975114,0.000041894516,0.9587519,0.030185722,0.000052346957,0.0004381824,0.000096005744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001559211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032052674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33518973,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005000623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009919585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36290118},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2897667669","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2018-0246","title":"Axial and radial thermal responses of energy pile under six storey residential building","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; Australian Government; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Pile; Thermal; Cylinder stress; Geotechnical engineering; Structural engineering; Materials science; Radial stress; Cross section (physics); Stress (linguistics); Heat exchanger; Thermal expansion; Mechanics; Geology; Composite material; Finite element method; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0142873824130877,"score_gpt":0.23960067012479577,"score_spread":0.22531328771170808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2897667669","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902893,0.00031750582,0.004064398,0.0015582162,0.0004846154,0.00007477051,0.000029729976,0.000047279,0.0031342062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99660915,0.000023761717,0.0003834934,0.0004072612,0.0018350395,0.000009010365,0.000003212669,0.000037712434,0.00069134746],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983793,0.0001603618,0.00047094235,0.0002469336,0.0002445245,0.00049793615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855554,0.0000947362,0.00018326109,0.000294035,0.00016236323,0.0007100784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039623008,0.00017567132,0.00025843814,0.00030009128,0.00044258946,0.000089391295,0.0003391111,0.00025124373,0.0006718017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010030918,0.00016343268,0.00011094204,0.00022268666,0.0004017884,0.00012244121,0.000051571824,0.0002942636,0.000013613757],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000617786,0.00010480297,0.00079412025,0.00002018032,0.00031001293,0.00019616657,0.00029193884,0.05872764,0.17722401,0.7116803,0.009138075,0.040894955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024056297,0.00070655457,0.054359272,0.00019095308,0.00012944874,0.0012810385,0.00024592454,0.008515573,0.014502175,0.011129498,0.9055509,0.0009830297],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.23945138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.11211708,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89641285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015484152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00058263756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90408444},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2899950325","doi":"10.3390/en11113059","title":"Distributed Thermal Response Tests Using a Heating Cable and Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Equipex; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Heat transfer; Natural convection; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.013432883845900554,"score_gpt":0.24684675455995891,"score_spread":0.23341387071405836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2899950325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973615,0.00018713107,0.000034883928,0.00016835405,0.00007739645,0.000059889222,0.000012489011,0.00013591538,0.0019624864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99143165,0.0000015079185,0.0054456047,0.00007443201,0.00036488974,0.0000070669007,0.000013967145,0.00003622887,0.0026246295],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990097,0.000116025396,0.00020060546,0.00026336347,0.00011728068,0.00029300226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993372,0.00013454417,0.000071052455,0.0002872407,0.000096117634,0.000073853036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019269063,0.00017233701,0.00017760605,0.000054145683,0.00043682219,0.00011985006,0.00007778286,0.00010711423,0.00011549526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079657504,0.00014804353,0.000036775287,0.00023122047,0.00013578305,0.00012223845,0.000067402136,0.00009142317,0.000026120239],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008780708,0.00001640491,0.00017237151,0.000013175633,0.00003751776,0.000014272964,0.0005768275,0.39046103,0.6033455,0.0038014082,0.00015063146,0.0013230339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026506619,0.00041146416,0.048298404,0.0008580058,0.00018708469,0.00083346793,0.003715503,0.43686974,0.3063705,0.0008564302,0.19660257,0.0023461527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066310978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022244615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29697502,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042721695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046013378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900826664","doi":"10.1007/s41513-018-0096-9","title":"Effect of temperature on the thermal conductivity of a granite with high heat production from Central Portugal","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Iberian Geology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Thermal diffusivity; Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Materials science; Mineralogy; Thermodynamics; Heat capacity; Atmospheric temperature range; Thermal conduction; Geology; Composite material; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.005860127355152864,"score_gpt":0.20608563772726804,"score_spread":0.20022551037211517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900826664","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972064,0.000048038146,0.000008889278,0.0015070734,0.00047391973,0.00012034597,0.0000074324644,0.000005734983,0.0006221828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987261,0.0000036422998,0.0000654015,0.00006229549,0.0009771216,0.0000058732458,0.00000372283,0.000013938665,0.00014189108],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988542,0.00034250983,0.00034466657,0.0001287479,0.00016602204,0.0001638193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989247,0.00012851102,0.0004180806,0.0002644502,0.00021609149,0.000048201156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034166375,0.00012872397,0.00036464047,0.000056845554,0.00006415946,0.000005778564,0.0001634971,0.00010482056,0.00027957867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052409807,0.00006609322,0.00008858818,0.00013206428,0.0003011974,0.000068969726,0.000014811466,0.00020078132,0.00000419594],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024017727,0.00021256918,0.011390694,0.00002942145,0.00044283964,0.0000146144685,0.00082604954,0.011460587,0.96170604,0.009508198,0.00034375917,0.0016634719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017289859,0.0051984526,0.26597434,0.00015181032,0.0001513905,0.00028705128,0.00014745485,0.00005507368,0.7226014,0.00046149534,0.0030712327,0.00017131005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038027556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00050173746,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25458366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001729619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000520913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57486546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901751314","doi":"","title":"Resource Assessment of Geothermal Reservoir in Western Alberta and Evaluation of Utilization Options Using Non-Renewable Energy Displacement","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Resource (disambiguation); Environmental science; Displacement (psychology); Petroleum engineering; Natural resource economics; Geology; Engineering; Computer science; Economics","score_opus":0.060269835113577246,"score_gpt":0.3440814369413499,"score_spread":0.28381160182777265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2901751314","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9481404,0.000047557103,0.010809903,0.00006617259,0.000028238113,0.00017641798,0.0000038824373,0.0000067391975,0.04072073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964184,0.000008619243,0.00082185795,0.000024054922,0.00004768738,0.000060311348,0.00002867176,0.00001803507,0.0025723367],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986935,0.00015040528,0.00045012386,0.00021899428,0.00033341648,0.00015354392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916106,0.000050379273,0.00020729024,0.00032000215,0.00021915903,0.000042114956],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005582682,0.00011042649,0.00019027501,0.00013753281,0.00006456024,0.00001242959,0.00010160007,0.00007293616,0.00032159398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013732281,0.00010153309,0.00002903697,0.00027836306,0.00008407779,0.00010858015,0.0000630032,0.000027430797,0.0000010258942],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014984852,0.00015243942,0.014424519,0.000027125225,0.000029642299,5.9014805e-8,0.00028745137,0.9275111,0.034734197,0.021964766,0.000030206806,0.0008234862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008766799,0.000074720665,0.04792742,0.00009878151,0.00004553568,0.000001484467,0.00030614552,0.9318951,0.01236961,0.00027325042,0.0060097324,0.00012158136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22424224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.112787254,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11145498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000072665855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000840237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9034021},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902385327","doi":"10.3390/su10124486","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Backfill Materials and Their Effects on Ground Heat Exchanger Performance","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal energy; Bentonite; Environmental science; Materials science; Engineering; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.024812176793119856,"score_gpt":0.29531104049260615,"score_spread":0.2704988636994863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2902385327","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0047847764,0.9919834,0.000001803966,0.000068097295,0.0001591016,0.00220214,0.000063884276,0.000044246437,0.0006925397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0016204538,0.9963971,0.000011065565,0.00014585831,0.000274446,0.000989377,0.00010389428,0.00005788123,0.00039993442],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974919,0.0006367322,0.0007860228,0.00059025997,0.00014987295,0.00034521698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974579,0.0003890812,0.00034121994,0.0010922941,0.00062491815,0.00009459112],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052686915,0.00051984884,0.0021968293,0.000082603656,0.00010855524,0.000022754475,0.0002686986,0.00025675364,0.00016933348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015355612,0.00033921815,0.00028390472,0.00027557538,0.00022450942,0.000060137754,0.00015883867,0.00014938513,0.00003549586],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006238978,0.000040215877,7.407324e-7,0.59957874,0.00005982764,9.2395527e-7,0.000054863634,9.939847e-7,0.0000023426796,0.0013052275,0.00017429197,0.3987756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009775694,0.00015410934,0.00007931199,0.06072619,0.00013316295,0.000012189377,0.000022108605,0.0000015300202,0.000060636696,0.0002409268,0.93819344,0.0002786384],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012170329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009021559,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93801916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031102574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018465417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902496969","doi":"","title":"Geothermal Resource Management and Reporting: learning from (NZ) petroleum regulator experience","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Regulator; Geothermal gradient; Resource (disambiguation); Business; Petroleum; Environmental resource management; Geology; Environmental planning; Computer science; Environmental science; Chemistry","score_opus":0.10273224811345155,"score_gpt":0.34384908829843813,"score_spread":0.24111684018498658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2902496969","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33033186,0.0007162937,0.00026146322,0.0019390149,0.00041490066,0.0016425189,0.00095088326,0.0013135324,0.6624295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07887479,0.00053724786,0.00088086893,0.000031272742,0.0012602366,0.000027020746,0.00053425727,0.000477433,0.9173769],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.993691,0.00072988524,0.0009364437,0.0017318656,0.0014534799,0.001457319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961485,0.00021308256,0.0013557267,0.001397899,0.00020846455,0.000676322],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008074532,0.0007647548,0.0010003567,0.0010585296,0.00062600366,0.00016290777,0.0011424249,0.0008394632,0.004586318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009933241,0.00068152027,0.00024374005,0.00059041433,0.0007819963,0.00015656101,0.0008791807,0.0014020463,0.00050650776],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013057402,0.0013691353,0.057168767,0.0012607075,0.0032203372,0.005412202,0.0021809696,0.0067910342,0.0018855956,0.06661927,0.82933503,0.0234512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016015227,0.000104042716,0.023675982,0.00088123954,0.00008638522,0.000031926862,0.0031532573,0.00016339365,0.000035819303,0.00009520926,0.9693645,0.00080668705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0654555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012662808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25494733,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027928155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000116326344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904197232","doi":"10.3390/wsf-00732","title":"A Numerical Approach to Assessing Thermally Interacting Multiple Boreholes with Variable Heating Strength","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Thermal; Environmental science; Interference (communication); Heat flux; Sustainability; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Geophysics; Heat transfer; Engineering; Physics; Meteorology; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.032508122239900156,"score_gpt":0.2404941658127764,"score_spread":0.20798604357287626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2904197232","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21962246,0.000006782866,0.14564896,0.000030398876,0.00003513643,0.00014829625,0.0000011814586,0.00020929307,0.6342975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.78735256,1.1512359e-7,0.21149106,0.00018101916,0.000080643804,0.00012254255,0.000007671962,0.00003803725,0.00072636735],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988629,0.00005582315,0.00026791435,0.0003411447,0.00014729281,0.00032489334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992854,0.000098325494,0.00009855731,0.00031538907,0.00006713879,0.00013517961],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014142256,0.00017967423,0.0001955067,0.0000540339,0.00019019828,0.00011506796,0.00020248262,0.00005545007,0.00024076381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043943626,0.0001288673,0.000036655998,0.0002921332,0.000018108349,0.00025851507,0.000050177932,0.00013632116,0.00004206547],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011432101,0.0015606947,0.030291593,0.00009201174,0.0002855029,0.000008292671,0.00928203,0.52322835,0.019785944,0.37206167,0.00020872075,0.043080904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020976115,0.00033935515,0.048954405,0.0005471134,0.000091102505,0.00015730536,0.019299017,0.8522789,0.02371066,0.0004420034,0.050093208,0.0019893453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034289405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023213372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63357115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030183432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036443344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9721413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904240161","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2018.12.014","title":"Performance analysis of a proposed geothermal pile system for heating and cooling energy demand for a building in cold regions","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Cities and Society","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Pile; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Attic; Thermal energy storage; HVAC; Energy balance; Civil engineering; Enclosure; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Geology; Air conditioning; Mechanical engineering; Roof; Ecology","score_opus":0.008456532659678703,"score_gpt":0.2253300003573215,"score_spread":0.21687346769764282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2904240161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865726,0.00028588265,0.012101391,0.000037707716,0.000017870434,0.0003429483,0.000019455689,0.000030690215,0.00059143134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960891,0.00004770515,0.0014170861,0.00004497399,0.00010089453,0.0003499303,0.000011011888,0.000020487023,0.0019188185],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990321,0.000021341304,0.00029538266,0.00022935397,0.000069421134,0.00035240338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930876,0.00012727673,0.000135778,0.00013495177,0.0002461399,0.000047098114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036434317,0.000121585676,0.000337569,0.000087585664,0.00049286993,0.000043684562,0.00006463719,0.00009145808,0.0000025044278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001526153,0.00011349625,0.00012648114,0.00036890802,0.0001515018,0.000100800054,0.00003872828,0.000033616758,1.9098305e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008062422,0.00003543099,0.0027875877,0.002188929,0.0004890638,4.6996294e-7,0.007119251,0.031427287,0.0018827918,0.9532454,0.00008219609,0.0006609962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012696662,0.00019839885,0.0024525146,0.00016461004,0.00030497048,0.0000025557122,0.08715489,0.89256966,0.0020902618,0.00047236655,0.013059258,0.0002608691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009563387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037529177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95277303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007844371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053609223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997032},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2905853691","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14665845.v1","title":"Modelling of heat recovery from suspended oil wells","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Oil well; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Geothermal heating; Engineering; Volume (thermodynamics); Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.03562432678301769,"score_gpt":0.2296619411982531,"score_spread":0.1940376144152354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2905853691","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4223632,0.0013781924,0.04566775,0.00032963665,0.0009994069,0.00010227148,0.000115116694,0.0001738872,0.5288705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9625713,0.00045516828,0.008032856,0.0000955805,0.00028716656,0.00007223127,0.00052540674,0.000055294302,0.027904997],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842566,0.000068177906,0.00055589277,0.0005391085,0.00021448621,0.00019665992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985764,0.00008142134,0.00014867258,0.0009926696,0.00012491296,0.00007592598],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009303011,0.00025186568,0.0005297539,0.00006029297,0.00003812926,0.000059997878,0.00032105928,0.00038252518,0.004388958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005770546,0.0002416027,0.0002902755,0.00008717567,0.000024785259,0.000044046887,0.00033813994,0.00027175166,0.00008279281],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006419808,0.000055874916,0.000007629083,0.000061010975,0.000156585,0.0000031620375,0.000092368435,0.98397756,0.0012008172,0.012809063,0.00015197753,0.0014775355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045903825,0.000014991523,0.000036232108,0.0006377012,0.00013296229,0.0000036119363,0.00054630666,0.9046448,0.031195333,0.01906454,0.042439997,0.0008244954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.34645882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031038416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5402081,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046912366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011687445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965212},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2906148876","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14645379.v1","title":"Experimental and numerical studies of heat and moisture transfer in soils at various conditions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Soil water; Water content; Saturation (graph theory); Moisture; Soil science; Heat transfer; Thermal conduction; Soil thermal properties; Environmental science; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Field capacity; Geology; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.02237988166025401,"score_gpt":0.2838450475705902,"score_spread":0.2614651659103362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2906148876","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863769,0.007748516,0.0003114015,0.00028722855,0.000068666086,0.00017482333,0.000032739987,0.000026438378,0.0049733096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99825764,0.00018577941,0.00017540432,0.000085704814,0.000029995672,0.00025889126,0.00006410917,0.000017843011,0.000924618],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906695,0.00005315806,0.00030360033,0.00035369294,0.00009589199,0.00012670683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996159,0.000052069525,0.000022525683,0.0002153047,0.000037885242,0.000056288307],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000044242533,0.00018774465,0.00045114444,0.00004853177,0.00006245343,0.000019939233,0.000058025074,0.00017247473,0.00018797924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000045503693,0.00016272214,0.000059953196,0.000059572732,0.00012747372,0.00002549024,0.00021730574,0.00014636725,0.0000012866716],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009474064,0.0017784544,0.009439703,0.0016283202,0.002045948,0.00010647148,0.04198479,0.1788167,0.43100458,0.33127686,0.00085324724,0.0009701659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012084392,0.0007201315,0.26886168,0.003155451,0.0008544303,0.0007033265,0.10713794,0.028867934,0.5352536,0.009096243,0.027411215,0.005853674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0182242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030416483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32218063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005124941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023828738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98831356},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2907484904","doi":"10.1007/s10765-018-2480-2","title":"Volcanic Soils: Inverse Modeling of Thermal Conductivity Data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"Hokkaido University","keywords":"Soil water; Volcanic ash; Volcano; Cinder; Mineralogy; Volcanic glass; Organic matter; Saturation (graph theory); Geology; Hydraulic conductivity; Volcanism; Thermal conductivity; Volcanic rock; Soil science; Geochemistry; Materials science; Chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.04652539182289983,"score_gpt":0.2802939930594357,"score_spread":0.23376860123653587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2907484904","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896762,0.000057336703,0.001692141,0.00021897099,0.0007973869,0.000048668215,0.000033508302,0.000009145068,0.0074666846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986805,0.000016276785,0.00034532254,0.0000864367,0.00055566855,0.00000119207,0.000016299657,0.00002152033,0.00027679844],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998811,0.00005058531,0.00044790335,0.00013841547,0.00044495202,0.00010714444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984599,0.000053791104,0.00054093945,0.0004505653,0.00044929047,0.000045561395],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025671907,0.00010783627,0.00022845069,0.00006968046,0.000018173074,0.000023363473,0.0011710153,0.00004934573,0.00021351462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025545543,0.000089550005,0.00012563537,0.00007843995,0.000033907403,0.0004568856,0.00017135256,0.000157119,0.00005632965],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008092827,0.00017509663,0.00036400702,0.000010678105,0.00044399404,0.0000054786224,0.00023304988,0.79230285,0.16640058,0.03281407,0.000080454214,0.0070888284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014881961,0.00009702286,0.00089658384,0.00016583005,0.00007204001,0.00005356511,0.00045919514,0.97425723,0.0072378027,0.00926627,0.005735402,0.00027085998],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012024825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000057381403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1819544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044101605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010089947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36517432},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2909120030","doi":"10.1007/s00231-018-2532-y","title":"Improving thermal response tests with wireline temperature logs to evaluate ground thermal conductivity profiles and groundwater fluxes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Wireline; Thermal conductivity; Groundwater; Thermal; Materials science; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.010804361253352613,"score_gpt":0.22473624354804247,"score_spread":0.21393188229468987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2909120030","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970777,0.00026608063,0.000117960495,0.0012771287,0.00007051043,0.00057678286,0.000015197468,0.00008007657,0.000518554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99641263,0.000007920561,0.00020219955,0.00039306202,0.00012169229,0.00017091425,0.000013701441,0.000052405518,0.002625478],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864745,0.00015540428,0.00019984282,0.00046356683,0.00019297905,0.0003407714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993922,0.00008146411,0.00001207921,0.00028772274,0.00007811299,0.00014843328],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034902256,0.00027365598,0.0002900247,0.000066821456,0.00016496885,0.00012706233,0.00008688779,0.00014685612,0.00018429411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005222227,0.00018023008,0.000039087823,0.000121396406,0.000084793595,0.0003081361,0.000021110827,0.0001709243,0.000028197488],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000848291,0.000049502225,0.0035558573,0.00006434498,0.000043050335,0.000005526169,0.000546655,0.001559753,0.9900282,0.0014478585,0.000006542885,0.0018444253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009017002,0.0030147224,0.6318743,0.00044726068,0.0002964027,0.00022329226,0.0014256414,0.004269947,0.3213787,0.00024015267,0.025545407,0.0022671418],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025861475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003863112,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6686495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019307421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039894418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.734957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2910589912","doi":"","title":"Single well thermal tracer test, a new experimental set up for characterizing thermal transport in fractured media","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EGUGA","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; TRACER; Thermal; Aquifer; Geology; Geothermal gradient; SIGNAL (programming language); Mineralogy; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater; Geophysics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03367917289776613,"score_gpt":0.26804782774982394,"score_spread":0.23436865485205782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2910589912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98450714,0.00016554988,0.000040053143,0.0008095975,0.00039686856,0.0003229123,0.0000390922,0.00007713208,0.013641649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99206406,0.0000017260153,0.00023046679,0.00024910786,0.0008724356,0.00020732464,0.00008102237,0.00006534804,0.006228484],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987841,0.000019305317,0.0003249072,0.00033611085,0.00015369042,0.00038189054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902683,0.00007344685,0.00019470145,0.00054965867,0.000020990605,0.00013436981],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012061151,0.0002310012,0.0002767707,0.00004784505,0.00024400088,0.00008160747,0.00039746147,0.00015963257,0.0009387198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023154353,0.00020594615,0.00013747704,0.000039888535,0.000055893524,0.00026603247,0.000024250152,0.00012707262,0.000104087114],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009285828,0.00024147045,0.008146634,0.000015173331,0.000033065426,0.0000114212735,0.007383033,0.0006577805,0.97348905,0.0014182983,0.00027524374,0.008235968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030210975,0.00010579231,0.24663964,0.00007555624,0.00002472817,0.000006265986,0.00054453773,0.00040551365,0.39438254,0.00010198957,0.35413662,0.0005557067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050013647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011554674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5791065,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044264656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047338082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997455},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912263774","doi":"10.1680/jenge.18.00027","title":"Short-term thermal modelling of a conceptual deep geological repository in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Geotechnics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Containment (computer programming); Thermal; Environmental science; Moisture; Dissipation; Spent nuclear fuel; Saturation (graph theory); Thermal energy storage; Geotechnical engineering; Container (type theory); Waste management; Petroleum engineering; Civil engineering; Geology; Engineering; Materials science; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Composite material","score_opus":0.010883553222293337,"score_gpt":0.1720256541111842,"score_spread":0.16114210088889086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912263774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946845,0.00019115017,0.00046631112,0.000011871722,0.00006307096,0.00017914455,0.000008607012,0.000020283087,0.0043750536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992323,0.000017493248,0.00016113988,0.000036233112,0.000024760619,0.00003954668,0.000021514132,0.000019713572,0.00044730387],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890405,0.00003846607,0.0003503333,0.00025505305,0.00021642035,0.00023568218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994898,0.00003072419,0.00007976349,0.0003429924,0.000002557578,0.000054162363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006449365,0.00013982544,0.00022015211,0.000025377207,0.000031554388,0.0000033458655,0.00021318898,0.00011037038,0.00032541165],"category_scores_gemma":[8.7081247e-7,0.00013227877,0.000053943648,0.000055861205,0.000103994775,0.000044907967,0.000085456544,0.00016904394,0.000028823382],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008921376,0.000051096686,0.022897886,0.0000048699335,0.000009441082,0.0000100296475,0.00011137938,0.94693476,0.027282126,0.0018447152,0.0000020015434,0.00084279245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092528807,0.00016295396,0.16795754,0.0000751927,0.000031855263,0.000062040475,0.0046180375,0.7798098,0.034433838,0.00018136294,0.010777524,0.000964625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.47012344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06522372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40489972,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028059748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044472174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9518335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913218457","doi":"10.3390/en12040656","title":"Application of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage in Waste Heat Recovery from Diesel Generators in Remote Cold Climate Locations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Waste heat; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Thermal energy; Waste heat recovery unit; Diesel fuel; Heat recovery ventilation; Energy recovery; Waste management; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Energy (signal processing)","score_opus":0.006558255987942348,"score_gpt":0.2054831869819803,"score_spread":0.19892493099403794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2913218457","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99146175,0.0007340543,0.00059490587,0.00013359405,0.00017492555,0.00017343988,0.000055665314,0.00006485902,0.00660681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979148,0.00021138175,0.0006119812,0.00011005128,0.00014405035,0.00015507033,0.00015795836,0.000052648225,0.0006420482],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982493,0.00012114987,0.0006249337,0.00044179193,0.000212074,0.0003507363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887174,0.00011467289,0.0001662183,0.0007335046,0.000056909197,0.000056943587],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001849486,0.00023212079,0.00039373475,0.00025155247,0.000055574383,0.00002682143,0.00029936273,0.00017058285,0.000077863304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010083285,0.00023091436,0.000089848654,0.000544612,0.000055982116,0.00020255084,0.00009207709,0.00012008529,0.000049788727],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022174403,0.00007207857,0.0039080568,0.000016560254,0.000018253239,0.0000011771908,0.00019096267,0.77524686,0.16752906,0.050028015,0.00003186114,0.002934966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033248572,0.00017132523,0.08032203,0.00037786533,0.000046702167,0.0000027478775,0.0025802285,0.40894726,0.3958481,0.0033585853,0.10356844,0.0014518767],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1258834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021233898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3662996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013021262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052780913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2916569676","doi":"10.3390/en12050811","title":"Designing a Large-Scale Lake Cooling System for an Ultra-Deep Mine: A Canadian Case Study","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Institute of Technology; McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Carbon footprint; Mining engineering; Underground mining (soft rock); Exploit; Footprint; Environmental science; Engineering; Greenhouse gas; Geology; Coal mining; Waste management; Computer science; Coal","score_opus":0.01477925194632622,"score_gpt":0.2398148435425152,"score_spread":0.22503559159618897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2916569676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896026,0.000084832,0.00060285156,0.000016768043,0.00028332742,0.00060922484,0.000054166023,0.00020886959,0.00853736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99553686,6.7874686e-7,0.0008802199,0.000057034467,0.00025614435,0.0006051124,0.000052710155,0.00006704758,0.0025442082],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985641,0.00008574746,0.0003118884,0.00039858854,0.00013215921,0.0005075118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989556,0.000084415085,0.000092919596,0.00052440405,0.00010463759,0.00023804349],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031697596,0.00021135445,0.00029142384,0.000139206,0.00036061817,0.000103632294,0.00020550986,0.000099952726,0.000069582726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011114703,0.00019927982,0.00008248315,0.00019769013,0.00001499097,0.00014983442,0.000011670213,0.000075307966,0.00006149472],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028446897,0.00018364254,0.0044169314,0.00012638677,0.00012491342,0.000234496,0.009852632,0.95863247,0.009908982,0.0155961765,0.00014147833,0.00075347506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005812745,0.0009595576,0.0018311496,0.00024030783,0.00027130684,0.0020389508,0.58735114,0.120817184,0.012718475,0.00006714087,0.26589757,0.0019944878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5623343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9404951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8378153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081443584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010451661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81263953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2922018934","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2018.12.019","title":"Investigation of viability of seasonal waste heat storage in rock piles for remote communities in cold climates","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Procedia","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Waste heat; Thermal energy storage; Pile; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01685140114838428,"score_gpt":0.22354177079964768,"score_spread":0.20669036965126342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2922018934","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979336,0.00014653722,0.0002202614,0.000103101294,0.000054922624,0.00021658263,0.000033034074,0.000020569518,0.0012713707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99873465,0.000020783173,0.00058176013,0.000048097292,0.00003805669,0.00009809139,0.00009117724,0.000022382326,0.00036499952],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989629,0.00008873244,0.00044535619,0.00016601948,0.00014076945,0.00019623966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991395,0.00024534427,0.00014899587,0.00030781166,0.000116856594,0.000041485553],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003161932,0.00013244404,0.0003269656,0.000100906356,0.000025836165,0.000006708959,0.00018793235,0.00011184336,0.00003324848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035885456,0.00013106823,0.00005978605,0.00026417949,0.00005651727,0.0001057929,0.0000476974,0.00007623847,0.0000017380612],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011470758,0.00010787134,0.0954369,0.0008178448,0.000023213179,2.3771679e-7,0.0017741399,0.63040996,0.09732396,0.1733581,0.000056660596,0.0005764452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036336603,0.00040965772,0.0491061,0.0009722454,0.000026262018,0.0000029260689,0.005393763,0.62408435,0.2812465,0.014726757,0.019684985,0.00071278616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022872848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012987098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18392254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005599212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007519787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98363394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2922237482","doi":"10.3390/wsf2-01165","title":"Modelling Thermally Interacting Multiple Boreholes with Variable Heating Strength","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Heat pump; Transient (computer programming); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.021051392318239125,"score_gpt":0.22494361945221394,"score_spread":0.2038922271339748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2922237482","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.654344,0.00007787412,0.121116444,0.000046602225,0.00008051711,0.00009884337,0.0000025760012,0.00021387111,0.22401923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9487656,0.0000015260147,0.04852222,0.00007820209,0.00027847086,0.00005592668,0.00001309915,0.00003919218,0.002245788],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99908435,0.000032545933,0.0002201267,0.00016705536,0.00012315829,0.00037273383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993559,0.00015416011,0.00009213368,0.00024539145,0.000048777725,0.00010360566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016074824,0.00014599191,0.00013675122,0.000034290922,0.00017937883,0.00004981561,0.00011461687,0.000049921437,0.00035016928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014085012,0.00010509569,0.000031434898,0.00013441392,0.000015622989,0.00031867268,0.000033047792,0.00011442133,0.000058837508],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073272354,0.00006519421,0.0037579976,0.0000083182695,0.00002944949,2.1472036e-7,0.00044853956,0.87701625,0.0018607016,0.11513441,0.000013138568,0.0016584827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032717737,0.000018329642,0.00023953435,0.00007589276,0.000015244318,0.00001259749,0.0013748481,0.9539909,0.0034649991,0.00008838443,0.040140815,0.0002512785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026501205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035665973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29442155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002436362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016317876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9799814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923923752","doi":"10.3390/en12061072","title":"A New Method Based on Thermal Response Tests for Determining Effective Thermal Conductivity and Borehole Resistivity for Borehole Heat Exchangers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanislawa Staszica","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal conductivity; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Thermal transmittance; Materials science; Geology; Thermal resistance; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.02205539639965487,"score_gpt":0.2998048715961235,"score_spread":0.27774947519646864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2923923752","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889853,0.00012303429,0.0070944414,0.00050221843,0.0001924159,0.0010893326,0.000077945806,0.00014784736,0.0017874374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97786844,9.628209e-7,0.017386641,0.000292556,0.00028057577,0.0013278247,0.000026070444,0.000081032566,0.002735896],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981846,0.0003853303,0.0002301524,0.0006011352,0.0001714806,0.0004272929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99597204,0.0031877805,0.00011472322,0.0005174654,0.00007632161,0.00013169277],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00092335715,0.00031838994,0.00042765553,0.00012806796,0.00025067746,0.000073876494,0.00017445715,0.00016477337,0.00005067246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024638997,0.00027384463,0.00017178919,0.00014598212,0.000061865016,0.00016334983,0.00004831207,0.000109745975,0.000008906132],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003315303,0.00009608394,0.0009468507,0.00010397805,0.00008297177,0.000002256285,0.00061051536,0.45478138,0.48620296,0.0050399657,0.00047704572,0.04834068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009402782,0.002707824,0.24006453,0.00032059787,0.00014353753,0.000008802064,0.00062903756,0.16202724,0.4449221,0.0009988919,0.13726917,0.0015054975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002226924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023759468,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29275414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067301786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100516096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2933110791","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.006","title":"Horizontal ground heat exchangers modelling","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Thermal; Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Plate fin heat exchanger; Engineering; Environmental science; Plate heat exchanger; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.008183975740377467,"score_gpt":0.17148314864561734,"score_spread":0.16329917290523988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2933110791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9190563,0.000113125156,0.010954388,0.000029253728,0.00025571394,0.00023190131,0.000002508809,0.00034762765,0.069009185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977191,0.000004688071,0.0010295211,0.00005028475,0.00030520346,0.00013916669,0.000016376967,0.00008547486,0.0006501758],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998948,0.0000056043505,0.00020757037,0.00029154727,0.00016572267,0.00038155133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999479,0.000031491963,0.000028495586,0.00035074126,0.000014716269,0.00009557436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008805334,0.00022042547,0.00021610751,0.000068836096,0.00005643209,0.000038340368,0.00019751971,0.000105489686,0.00033793924],"category_scores_gemma":[8.4373005e-7,0.0002169933,0.00007829424,0.00016165411,0.000010657646,0.000087250504,0.000044733355,0.00015406574,0.00076300075],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000055064233,0.000010329618,0.0000069129997,0.00001795721,0.000024484038,8.3819225e-7,0.00012578648,0.7126939,0.1548191,0.13151209,0.0000025538136,0.0007805406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007642762,0.00003318255,0.000380967,0.000038948212,0.00002048222,0.000010840826,0.00018575341,0.9053901,0.013796283,0.00016412555,0.0785357,0.0006793486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016431225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010210863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19269618,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005583114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009047002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9807086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937590711","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/249/1/012023","title":"Successful Application of ATES/Groundwater Source Heat Pump in China","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Baffle; Heat pump; China; Environmental science; Water resource management; Environmental engineering; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.0051162814301604215,"score_gpt":0.18379447901693718,"score_spread":0.17867819758677678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2937590711","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931251,0.000030477175,0.00012753285,0.00011071018,0.000030353343,0.00015887099,0.000004522495,0.000014184015,0.006398239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99845994,0.000042924446,0.00006827292,0.000029069293,0.000011342063,0.000027746917,0.000010923844,0.0000065272575,0.0013432651],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903965,0.000016278222,0.00018820375,0.0003157261,0.00020124066,0.00023890033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996042,0.000007804431,0.00005014489,0.00025068427,0.0000058076694,0.00008131971],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001344751,0.00010945707,0.00014048471,0.00005604639,0.00009218828,0.000043377033,0.00021000823,0.000041301155,0.00034276815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022535482,0.00009403678,0.000018471887,0.00017067869,0.0005048379,0.0003953901,0.00009488668,0.000060541464,0.000079994126],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020125903,0.000069304115,0.07470577,0.000020087753,0.0000028655795,3.8828819e-7,0.00070940267,0.010547964,0.8821449,0.0144439535,3.3133236e-7,0.01733489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036470024,0.00013462042,0.7377303,0.000025608719,0.000003411167,0.000014626118,0.001345066,0.012869716,0.2333493,0.00035253182,0.0135565465,0.0002535599],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0100071635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009193397,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66302454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019265059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001849116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2938778003","doi":"10.29173/mocs16","title":"Improving Efficiency of Underground Heat Storage Systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Renewable heat; Renewable energy; Energy storage; Soil water; Cogeneration; Electricity; Fossil fuel; Waste management; Moisture; Electricity generation; Environmental engineering; Waste heat; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Geography; Hybrid heat; Soil science","score_opus":0.00767060666890532,"score_gpt":0.19059536210181013,"score_spread":0.18292475543290482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2938778003","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.971973,0.00053919473,0.022900619,0.0001928563,0.00037665985,0.00024089323,0.000014731574,0.00013913066,0.0036229375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973905,0.000052278476,0.0005359793,0.000017785444,0.00019967524,0.000049455695,0.0000034339241,0.0000333985,0.00171746],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985504,0.00001670795,0.00041852234,0.00045145347,0.00025719943,0.00030569223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917084,0.000032451782,0.0002176964,0.00018877682,0.00025868558,0.00013157807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021599009,0.00022798138,0.0003285177,0.00016872665,0.00022466623,0.00009167487,0.00015201137,0.0001582279,0.000033776654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003056234,0.00017104394,0.000087016364,0.00027190454,0.00024842838,0.00036141678,0.00005871227,0.00008497527,0.000014742897],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047954945,0.00008343577,0.019871732,0.00045767924,0.00010887869,0.0000024550952,0.00023361335,0.0020669473,0.45982838,0.48025152,0.00016264843,0.036884777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017465949,0.0016411016,0.037300333,0.003980039,0.0009630414,0.0015142333,0.027749818,0.21061526,0.19197568,0.009291314,0.4909226,0.0065806285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023911276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050933166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49075994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000074656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030947478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69749695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939846080","doi":"10.1080/08916152.2019.1600618","title":"A design of experimental apparatus for studying coupled heat and moisture transfer in soils at high-temperature conditions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Heat Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reflectometry; Soil water; Moisture; Heat transfer; Soil thermal properties; Water content; Materials science; Heat flux; Outflow; Environmental science; Mechanics; Soil science; Geotechnical engineering; Time domain; Geology; Hydraulic conductivity; Composite material","score_opus":0.01798780073171673,"score_gpt":0.25953172332762786,"score_spread":0.24154392259591112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2939846080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99433494,0.0024954379,0.0004976482,0.00008656688,0.00016962516,0.0018991259,0.00009233177,0.00005674382,0.00036756883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974313,0.000019391651,0.00016949617,0.000153292,0.000052875857,0.0015411584,0.00015580762,0.00006996601,0.00040675793],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829686,0.00008501307,0.00047479724,0.0005299137,0.00022004193,0.0003933663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994525,0.00008722257,0.0000064970022,0.00029500073,0.000033673765,0.00012511127],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000108840075,0.00034851494,0.00052810286,0.00010404851,0.00017267675,0.000031590047,0.00014175072,0.000218139,0.0005890099],"category_scores_gemma":[7.497452e-7,0.00032333547,0.00012944352,0.00017015485,0.00010132825,0.00015945865,0.000018189126,0.00013393299,0.00001878935],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040498318,0.0005570861,0.00014558897,0.000043442215,0.000063497166,0.0000025268707,0.0034897532,0.01957855,0.9611307,0.014539237,0.000039782706,0.0000048797556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005568193,0.00051143323,0.0007030355,0.00008857226,0.000019727953,0.000016490532,0.0028206832,0.0028099085,0.98663294,0.00002439117,0.00043023427,0.0003744095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027896555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002465502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025502248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014807447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031608026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2939904458","doi":"10.1111/ejss.12820","title":"Normalized concept for modelling effective soil thermal conductivity from dryness to saturation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Soil Science","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Soil water; Saturation (graph theory); Soil science; Dryness; Range (aeronautics); Thermal; Environmental science; Materials science; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.01646084947460546,"score_gpt":0.23724702610638806,"score_spread":0.2207861766317826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2939904458","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9417777,0.000043342694,0.04915581,0.00016308547,0.0005309879,0.00021156223,0.000007830906,0.000017117733,0.008092575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973215,0.0000014071006,0.0017852705,0.00014034467,0.0003873408,0.000006703238,0.0000018674452,0.000020911571,0.0003346841],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986344,0.00018723398,0.00035091455,0.000245261,0.00033878235,0.0002433846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987465,0.00012913113,0.00034157684,0.0002264741,0.00039567618,0.00016065237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013360052,0.00012435399,0.00021442818,0.00008935234,0.0002067544,0.00011431252,0.00047989405,0.00001890944,0.000044440712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006286205,0.00009654518,0.00009583795,0.00029333791,0.000121231285,0.0005610979,0.000055581797,0.00012539672,0.0000923405],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005364893,0.00002069578,0.00007846207,0.0000028938564,0.000011139061,0.0000019274585,0.001014897,0.7556402,0.2323861,0.0026341858,0.000016478554,0.008139333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006603181,0.0013156782,0.055268887,0.0004723879,0.000100240366,0.00006201463,0.0019407278,0.5087802,0.3879552,0.001215135,0.03510242,0.0011840016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009495642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003824163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24686009,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000061539286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000085799176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39369985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944434166","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.04.012","title":"A hybrid numerical-semi-analytical method for computer simulations of groundwater flow and heat transfer in geothermal borehole fields","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Groundwater flow; Mechanics; Control volume; Heat transfer; Geothermal gradient; Groundwater; Geology; Advection; Finite volume method; Thermal conduction; Groundwater model; Grout; Groundwater flow equation; Geotechnical engineering; Soil thermal properties; Aquifer; Thermodynamics; Soil science; Geophysics; Physics; Hydraulic conductivity; Soil water","score_opus":0.019939586721633,"score_gpt":0.2999214408504376,"score_spread":0.2799818541288046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944434166","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86892474,0.000041094354,0.12845972,0.0013783094,0.00026140362,0.000092117174,0.000013082616,0.000003966768,0.00082554354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916857,0.0000032908506,0.0077373493,0.00024883728,0.00021024287,0.000004030249,0.0000021889143,0.00000724912,0.00010111633],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988519,0.00006194181,0.00046534365,0.00014605715,0.00032959855,0.0001451571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938124,0.00027047057,0.00006677255,0.000071071016,0.00015918438,0.000051285082],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045573953,0.000090702895,0.00022574555,0.00015155133,0.00003987259,0.00004960749,0.000355693,0.00004117974,0.0003265228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014812141,0.000064881526,0.00012421941,0.000092410766,0.00007705908,0.00021794019,0.000029695138,0.00008757167,0.000002952778],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006535549,0.00010303306,0.0031818324,0.0000064454257,0.00007192003,0.000002714231,0.00024942798,0.9739123,0.005491341,0.010019236,0.000019270483,0.006877128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008194764,0.00021591627,0.008083556,0.000049351434,0.000015824051,0.000049666225,0.000038288454,0.9834465,0.0024673091,0.0010984808,0.003615977,0.00009965119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012398122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006887094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12276094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024480545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004017753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35751957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945129006","doi":"10.1615/ihtc12.1800","title":"The Development of Three-Dimensional, Unsteady Natural Convection in a Horizontal Enclosure with a Partially Heated Lower Surface and Cooled Vertical Side Walls","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of International Heat Transfer Conference 12","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Enclosure; Natural convection; Mechanics; Geology; Surface (topology); Development (topology); Convection; Geometry; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.024782586035789464,"score_gpt":0.22836158794304348,"score_spread":0.20357900190725403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2945129006","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99687,0.00012035622,0.0006846798,0.00054610154,0.0001001882,0.00019703276,0.0000041374956,0.000020012996,0.0014575277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995364,0.00001385071,0.0002688512,0.000012694942,0.000021560998,0.000043171014,0.000007803041,0.000012196716,0.000083476254],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987933,0.000016079732,0.0004546664,0.00021626323,0.00034293035,0.00017678404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994425,0.000085121574,0.00001930751,0.000067634486,0.00033395595,0.000051447183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015123627,0.00014736337,0.00020028223,0.000044842945,0.00008490721,0.000029809948,0.00015187416,0.000059854672,0.00006942755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013785617,0.00010258571,0.000032794447,0.00011782456,0.00013245954,0.0001235805,0.00001759488,0.00014030239,0.0000029926389],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001856257,0.0010404175,0.11425943,0.00018871018,0.00075077754,0.000008612471,0.005603121,0.014805986,0.67832905,0.17547113,0.000030391473,0.0076561267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007027524,0.00084365316,0.14885937,0.0017569421,0.00010371956,0.00009260091,0.0014421276,0.4188819,0.41722697,0.0008967052,0.0018904033,0.0009781036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00097625185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008272629,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4040759,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044128243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007516315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4616321},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945937823","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2019.1622937","title":"Semi-Analytical Method for <i>g</i> -Function Calculation of bore fields with series- and parallel-connected boreholes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Piping; Dimensionless quantity; Superposition principle; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Line source; Thermal; Inlet; Field (mathematics); Series (stratigraphy); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Acoustics","score_opus":0.008834763541988148,"score_gpt":0.232005845992799,"score_spread":0.22317108245081085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2945937823","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79326427,0.00022671418,0.19829531,0.0069780475,0.000036308866,0.0008341419,0.000010815729,0.000041414594,0.00031296312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99350995,0.000025491549,0.0056932447,0.00006280621,0.0000103585035,0.0002044008,0.0000038437033,0.0000063293423,0.00048359676],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939835,0.000006020666,0.00011582808,0.00023352819,0.000106213745,0.00014005732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955803,0.000068157715,0.00006768958,0.00025535942,0.000028719911,0.000022046244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027766856,0.00007410849,0.00011634019,0.000058692676,0.00016900069,0.000010247888,0.00011832378,0.000083370185,0.000007874695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019092882,0.000045211575,0.00001789612,0.000162179,0.00044435196,0.00006492854,0.0000434791,0.0000431716,9.3795813e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013060623,0.00004089727,0.0029655953,0.0000366571,0.00007225627,1.1288746e-7,0.00008834716,0.033478223,0.041001666,0.8887252,0.000054142798,0.03340629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033186558,0.002868806,0.033894673,0.00006255535,0.00044116908,0.00007041066,0.0022204628,0.44910595,0.072357796,0.080372654,0.35464925,0.00063760777],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016508927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006263591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80835253,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013996123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001585476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18436745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2947730506","doi":"","title":"Low temperature geothermal resources in abandoned mines of the Canadian Shield: A case study in the Chapais and Chibougamau area, Québec, Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Skemman","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut national de la recherche scientifique","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Shield; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Mining engineering; Heat transfer; Geotechnical engineering; Petrology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.008605815174077474,"score_gpt":0.2038259177471252,"score_spread":0.19522010257304773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2947730506","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935829,0.00009598508,2.700508e-8,0.0022856577,0.000050090806,0.00032524308,0.000015092632,0.00000536376,0.0036396433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99861574,9.087788e-7,0.0000015697428,0.0004992647,0.00010768696,0.00008372969,0.0000015096323,0.000013485858,0.0006761305],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990741,0.0001276422,0.00022500484,0.00018916202,0.00015003563,0.0002340802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938685,0.0000542006,0.000064491804,0.00039718748,0.000032760767,0.00006451095],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020400026,0.00012885868,0.00015898999,0.000074375384,0.0002476993,0.00003463695,0.00025806794,0.00006424001,0.000047268488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021950098,0.00007514215,0.00002429145,0.00032639276,0.000111172034,0.000030218614,0.000028226526,0.00012481678,6.1657903e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009726496,0.00070479093,0.78306717,0.000109050656,0.00018061031,0.001982899,0.19030492,0.0054996875,0.0030256524,0.0057090786,0.0040606703,0.0052581853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017525188,0.00014199811,0.8684068,0.00013116172,0.000028569912,0.00048472112,0.036472466,0.0007557215,0.00074837834,0.000054692402,0.09060673,0.00041626027],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15383245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007947007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040000924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3064208},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948622633","doi":"","title":"PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FO A RESIDENTIAL GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP WITH ANTIFREEZE SOLUTION","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SimBuild","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Antifreeze; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Process engineering; Coefficient of performance; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.008752416589523972,"score_gpt":0.20401932902822165,"score_spread":0.19526691243869768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2948622633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860247,0.000033402735,0.00100475,0.00048277216,0.000022300428,0.00010876868,0.0000038309563,0.00010017368,0.012219308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99427634,0.000029245624,0.0003245814,0.00002583198,0.00015526025,0.000056156707,0.0000030411586,0.000028207844,0.0051013366],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987398,0.000003854014,0.00031452885,0.0003355932,0.0003123798,0.00029385264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928594,0.00002214597,0.00017702156,0.00015802322,0.00027501374,0.00008183609],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017579169,0.00016678002,0.00028200092,0.00021221548,0.00014663588,0.000043799508,0.0002430596,0.000086469336,0.000103802784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016045766,0.000109391134,0.00011193862,0.00071798015,0.00011828772,0.0003788282,0.000054901204,0.000059175476,0.00002817421],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053557317,0.00031601917,0.18879157,0.0003412078,0.0016984679,0.0000011391752,0.00074661005,0.013104525,0.73147887,0.046375908,0.0009352646,0.01567486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048639276,0.0009941087,0.4110955,0.0010030834,0.0025361883,0.0000719641,0.0009207022,0.043644972,0.43030012,0.0009915075,0.10164206,0.0019358555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0048433333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036952013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30117875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043811622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001716042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73217034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2949678321","doi":"10.1007/s41062-019-0224-1","title":"Thermal imbalance due to application of geothermal energy piles and mitigation strategies for sustainable development in cold regions: a review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Innovative Infrastructure Solutions","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Heat pump; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Thermal energy; Population; Civil engineering; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.020455499154663152,"score_gpt":0.28494079109726306,"score_spread":0.2644852919425999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2949678321","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015048645,0.9588035,0.03519633,0.00016119998,0.00006634601,0.00339605,0.00013814002,0.00006056146,0.0020274287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.020426342,0.9518438,0.006076012,0.0005932534,0.00031758234,0.01792887,0.0012928478,0.00020755432,0.0013137106],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971956,0.00014546423,0.0013316823,0.0006039373,0.00020533717,0.0005179631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99742025,0.00019266235,0.0009239679,0.0005301573,0.000863052,0.00006991113],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037151075,0.0005027514,0.0014839711,0.00045362196,0.00019846835,0.00004723734,0.00035912372,0.00029370908,0.000019639156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000089276095,0.00044447405,0.00013702574,0.0020669901,0.00013593062,0.00022933513,0.00013751877,0.0002439423,0.000006223681],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005853677,0.00003378542,0.0000080013015,0.01638989,0.00010790457,0.0000011650025,0.00017624951,0.00273157,0.00007877764,0.8303485,0.0005416904,0.14957662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023452764,0.000030832533,0.0002770985,0.009418606,0.00009097039,0.0000109732955,0.00030232855,0.00013507996,0.000018611909,0.0024327028,0.9866193,0.0004289926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020009747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061981846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9860776,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003185271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011752298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2953425914","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/268/1/012086","title":"Study of transient conjugate heat transfer in helical closed-loop geothermal heat exchangers for application of thermal energy storage in backfilled mine stopes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Borehole; Heat transfer; Geothermal heating; Thermal; Thermal energy storage; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.01140533359102155,"score_gpt":0.20653537165814542,"score_spread":0.19513003806712387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2953425914","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983011,0.00007617426,0.00015936868,0.00006825291,0.000033349184,0.00066568656,0.00004027112,0.000008219435,0.0006476157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99946344,0.00005220987,0.000038583446,0.000032760443,0.000010963702,0.0001913593,0.00001673278,0.000012560358,0.00018138967],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985401,0.000053045205,0.00040003765,0.00042822937,0.00026530906,0.00031329846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995712,0.000031019423,0.00003181411,0.00025880933,0.000014875573,0.00009227506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002364706,0.00017534645,0.00033582997,0.00011669235,0.00006092843,0.000015859507,0.00022091078,0.00006366174,0.00014788796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023936077,0.00015548621,0.00003952501,0.00022555621,0.0004459282,0.00024479252,0.000035878675,0.000062366606,0.0000025500171],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022010393,0.00041002993,0.004843923,0.000030349109,0.000007499248,9.4473427e-7,0.0025278234,0.036116168,0.9469429,0.0028599764,1.6148522e-7,0.006040096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006029484,0.0021269373,0.5299706,0.000086910506,0.000022655324,0.000009410893,0.013770386,0.03085915,0.4142663,0.000037760376,0.0022196309,0.00060079363],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010846942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007884497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53267664,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026880702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003256181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99573994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955199387","doi":"","title":"Space Heating And Air Conditioning with Heat Exchanger Under Groundwater","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SOCIALSCI JOURNAL","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Environmental science; Energy consumption; Air conditioning; Environmental engineering; Montreal Protocol; Efficient energy use; Greenhouse gas; Global warming; Ozone layer; Energy conservation; Waste management; Natural resource economics; Engineering; Meteorology; Climate change; Ozone; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.012619325348279116,"score_gpt":0.23518396889885432,"score_spread":0.2225646435505752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2955199387","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767508,0.00015698995,0.0011577022,0.0024344963,0.00014839304,0.00007963922,0.0000012453631,0.000034616853,0.019236153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99348503,0.000011902761,0.00036441206,0.0004916031,0.0005346617,0.000011529329,0.0000035543173,0.00002625972,0.005071027],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992436,0.000060685576,0.00015652149,0.00013470155,0.00017528221,0.00022917183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964124,0.00003789517,0.00007871216,0.000088175104,0.00006596745,0.00008801343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021106005,0.000106085754,0.00015954813,0.00004344718,0.00041306272,0.000112051304,0.000060198272,0.000063305866,0.00088545657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003273743,0.00007963953,0.00004030477,0.000085959895,0.000047552698,0.00017656761,0.000019794612,0.00016217832,0.00007831114],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001013631,0.0002321556,0.045001727,0.00013289292,0.00073439244,0.000039641152,0.012575394,0.18471718,0.07241335,0.67533576,0.0030137838,0.0057023456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015151887,0.0014865317,0.38795257,0.0017589176,0.00041965942,0.004808615,0.07652916,0.0067329556,0.012119307,0.13814294,0.35081217,0.0040853126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018208302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035866632,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5371928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005649022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037728634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9695128},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955526703","doi":"","title":"L'énergie géothermique : représentations, enseignements et contextes aux Antilles et dans la zone caraïbe","year":2018,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Martinique; Political science; Sociology; Ethnology; West indies; Art","score_opus":0.013338998795411446,"score_gpt":0.2737098875260476,"score_spread":0.26037088873063613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2955526703","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50768447,0.0020509,0.04589015,0.010007426,0.00063674257,0.00097233173,0.00037616288,0.00044832565,0.4319335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7693988,0.0017349143,0.013269977,0.00051932014,0.00009089793,0.0004065173,0.0050233635,0.00023543915,0.20932075],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98556346,0.010280973,0.0013734348,0.0013805404,0.0006908478,0.00071074633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.990288,0.002056945,0.00134313,0.0025698224,0.0033912868,0.00035080584],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004253978,0.0008458123,0.0008041201,0.0003284539,0.0012541566,0.0006515324,0.001352692,0.0007431293,0.0010537709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010663158,0.0009316072,0.00045774045,0.0007996209,0.0006639167,0.00039259982,0.0002895422,0.0006532313,0.0004202032],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030786166,0.0011112514,0.0008144147,0.00023591063,0.00036424314,0.000014244261,0.064057745,0.0009113228,0.038886756,0.8769033,0.0017118657,0.014958137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024207672,0.0000060554544,0.027837174,0.00697035,0.00044798505,0.00010479335,0.020578682,0.01739124,0.22374998,0.0055243005,0.69257367,0.0023949991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.105548255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17617132,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.871379,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022300801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009189351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2955865104","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2019.07.002","title":"Terrestrial heat flow evaluation from thermal response tests combined with temperature profiling","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat transfer; Borehole; Thermal conductivity; Geology; Environmental science; Heat flux; Geothermal energy; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Geophysics; Soil science; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.010777566607063091,"score_gpt":0.21850480223137744,"score_spread":0.20772723562431436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2955865104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99744505,0.000050276445,0.0000023305122,0.00020107323,0.00006988364,0.00023196953,0.000025773164,0.000017028293,0.0019566428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99876577,9.847616e-7,0.000073000585,0.00002346191,0.000237774,0.00003842273,0.000047132697,0.000016207789,0.0007972388],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922085,0.000067178735,0.0001470888,0.00020441503,0.00023711383,0.00012334854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993446,0.00006566946,0.0000885699,0.0004060399,0.00005551086,0.000039642957],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014483777,0.00013023769,0.00016449507,0.000003637764,0.00008738354,0.00003062948,0.00012367831,0.00006277603,0.00009582624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013200726,0.00008317707,0.000051146446,0.000075871074,0.000055517623,0.000047502206,0.00003503071,0.00010707475,0.0000060827297],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004193181,0.000052670246,0.0024012506,0.000018676237,0.00004598124,1.8743174e-7,0.0001284685,0.08736687,0.90867144,0.000141966,0.000015236574,0.0007379291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021504918,0.00006824788,0.020822909,0.00015282899,0.00006536004,0.0000019307793,0.00009265896,0.04110379,0.9330424,0.00054781017,0.0017216705,0.00022989321],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003122289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018031702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.046263076,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000073994293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006398103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33918622},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2962749784","doi":"10.1007/s12665-019-8397-7","title":"Comparing transient and steady-state methods for the thermal conductivity characterization of a borehole heat exchanger field in Bergen, Norway","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Earth Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Universitetet i Bergen; Institut national de la recherche scientifique","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Borehole; Anisotropy; Perpendicular; Transient (computer programming); Mineralogy; Steady state (chemistry); Materials science; Thermal; Conductivity; Heat exchanger; Geology; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Chemistry; Optics; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Geometry; Physics","score_opus":0.026464058524322986,"score_gpt":0.2632657875256793,"score_spread":0.23680172900135632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2962749784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967437,0.000108511755,0.0016531067,0.00023741035,0.00007635805,0.0002859223,0.000007663554,0.0000042943534,0.00088302867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988005,0.000028529199,0.0006079026,0.00007147185,0.000018411478,0.000050178398,0.0000041678045,0.0000048726138,0.0004139321],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938965,0.000058452057,0.00014525995,0.00017949998,0.00009013762,0.00013703074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970853,0.0001076221,0.000047817655,0.00011128514,0.0000019577647,0.000022772245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037555883,0.000071262475,0.00012850286,0.000028758062,0.00009367881,0.000016151944,0.000102161845,0.000022932132,0.000177252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000024124788,0.000049007995,0.000028577397,0.00007690956,0.00013627968,0.00012452123,0.000027840335,0.000041160074,0.000005522292],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013310062,0.000042230215,0.034152407,0.000010981792,0.000007810339,5.1875347e-8,0.0015261377,0.019965334,0.9301776,0.0005833359,5.168336e-7,0.013520278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037751134,0.00011619238,0.8280165,0.000015067836,0.000006297039,0.0000013267464,0.00048642288,0.058325518,0.103166215,0.0000377342,0.009339294,0.000111929076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011674948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000315374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8270114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000050385206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000049627624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1998488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965209617","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109343","title":"Influence of an internal heat exchanger on the operation of a CO2 direct expansion ground source heat pump","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development","keywords":"Heat pump; Work (physics); Heat exchanger; Borehole; Transient (computer programming); Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.008027108112911557,"score_gpt":0.21524327376478636,"score_spread":0.2072161656518748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2965209617","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958441,0.00012880424,0.00012799668,0.00015507342,0.000043106993,0.000066936766,0.0000026234911,0.00002162081,0.0036096969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997748,0.00005257671,0.000029258108,0.00029194882,0.00006809116,0.000030330617,0.0000069546904,0.000016731536,0.0017561004],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919534,0.000068916226,0.00022895844,0.00021833867,0.00016029406,0.0001281749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947137,0.000080708756,0.00006443586,0.00028328187,0.00005520422,0.000044974164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017495504,0.0001239512,0.00019063652,0.000055480905,0.000075838034,0.000020847103,0.00015631839,0.00007506359,0.00008844703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010446227,0.00008290951,0.000044678323,0.00009558558,0.00006495697,0.0001494908,0.000045529367,0.00005579605,0.0000044963003],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058853595,0.0000690526,0.00025601848,0.000020220541,0.000025200641,3.6077603e-7,0.00070625707,0.4452195,0.4507188,0.09984641,0.00002082214,0.0030585176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009967193,0.0007530673,0.013915667,0.00051205006,0.000034887933,0.000025771802,0.0006600992,0.042549405,0.83161575,0.00092300493,0.10756388,0.00044972636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024394201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044054774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4026701,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001315923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010263613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98210245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2967400245","doi":"10.1061/9780784482599.053","title":"Thermal Performance of a Proposed Geothermal Piles System for Re-Harvesting Heat Loss through the Building Below-Grade Enclosure in Cold Regions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Attic; Enclosure; Building envelope; Thermal energy storage; Pile; Geothermal energy; Thermal; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Civil engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Geography","score_opus":0.018566343468828524,"score_gpt":0.23717977936214843,"score_spread":0.2186134358933199,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2967400245","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97893256,0.00011567377,0.00039758204,0.00045068335,0.0001633061,0.001197126,0.000013059806,0.00012243545,0.018607559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99493575,0.0000065539293,0.0011603066,0.0000961892,0.00019871186,0.00036370938,0.0000072485777,0.00005790066,0.0031736454],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982443,0.000102137354,0.00060625304,0.0003598094,0.00023651017,0.00045100952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987636,0.00024242136,0.00020014617,0.0006171832,0.0001315133,0.00004511724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039955933,0.00023899818,0.00037883417,0.00005959424,0.0002224366,0.000038323877,0.00044183154,0.00013709247,0.000047948546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024878229,0.00015825348,0.0001412191,0.00035365266,0.000101971884,0.00023304233,0.00006463169,0.00016253193,0.000020047757],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000061515624,0.000099437115,0.009346894,0.00055592577,0.00005906724,0.0000011992088,0.0011798366,0.41263565,0.10868113,0.46710643,0.00004818789,0.00022474374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008078654,0.000945601,0.02174744,0.0036934079,0.00017649039,0.000059461123,0.013553671,0.38476264,0.4256314,0.00049989205,0.13881882,0.0020325077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014555894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011272612,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46660653,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007722382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069681475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99200624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969254642","doi":"10.1080/15435075.2019.1650047","title":"A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Green Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Production (economics); Greenhouse gas; Geothermal energy; Fossil fuel; Environmental economics; Sustainable development; Geothermal gradient; Sustainability; Energy development; Natural resource economics; Emerging technologies; Environmental resource management; Business; Engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Economics; Waste management; Ecology","score_opus":0.04159917174322904,"score_gpt":0.30228270259633794,"score_spread":0.2606835308531089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2969254642","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000069473354,0.99642503,0.0011710175,0.00009664424,0.00074931036,0.0000745155,0.000027830421,0.000010539923,0.001438142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00015279511,0.99634725,0.00038991935,0.00032906313,0.0006135844,0.000030854462,0.000089658686,0.00006192307,0.0019849509],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966978,0.00020270907,0.0018799772,0.00026876444,0.0007499153,0.00020087374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957875,0.000161542,0.0026052287,0.00027853742,0.0010480477,0.00011913691],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021858508,0.00039464489,0.0016799752,0.00045663907,0.0000362088,0.000022576163,0.00079663616,0.00022618353,0.00021372935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021647316,0.0003101927,0.00050773495,0.00018564357,0.0000766479,0.00013761438,0.00017345508,0.00019509337,0.000016304932],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012384877,0.00006934894,0.0000023429104,0.010943686,0.0011693845,0.000021570351,0.000019649233,0.00024226523,0.0000071267623,0.038127758,0.00039418606,0.9489903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028139388,0.000044818986,0.00001598063,0.047135405,0.00024531363,0.0006112853,0.000009069976,0.00003173668,0.0000074689206,0.000117703465,0.95124525,0.000254563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006585222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014804726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9508511,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025304037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006079298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972082119","doi":"10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019014","title":"The successful experience of IGCP636 project “Unifying international research forces to unlock and strengthen geothermal exploitation of the Americas and Europe”","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Episodes","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Universidad de Medellín; Université de Rennes 1; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières; Universidad de Chile; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Carboniferous; Structural basin; Volcano; Basement; Geothermal exploration; Sedimentary rock; Geothermal energy; Earth science; Geochemistry; Hydrogeology; Mining engineering; Geomorphology; Archaeology; Paleontology; Geography; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.04516426411050178,"score_gpt":0.3328410782686431,"score_spread":0.28767681415814134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2972082119","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888787,0.00010992999,0.000038106402,0.00044577883,0.000054325297,0.00021635517,0.0000052713544,0.000008361383,0.010243121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974938,0.00006636682,0.00013514255,0.000021750135,0.00003200385,0.00006927788,9.749639e-7,0.000011248049,0.002169429],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991469,0.00012699643,0.00019704858,0.00015599262,0.0002429695,0.00013009684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992055,0.0002773021,0.000104880775,0.00023662011,0.00015281577,0.000022847431],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002758818,0.00006611272,0.00009407178,0.00005178198,0.00013890544,0.000040376402,0.00029109753,0.000021268164,0.000026385678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010310942,0.000038490125,0.000019814906,0.00024732586,0.00019472996,0.00009404442,0.00014615215,0.000064284315,0.000004593726],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023263796,0.00018573659,0.14177562,0.00019679918,0.00018345278,0.0000010387731,0.06845942,0.031676035,0.2252904,0.44683135,0.00036473598,0.08480276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017252706,0.0007077998,0.33046257,0.0007084188,0.000032321375,0.000025426261,0.13185523,0.045627475,0.13288829,0.0026822027,0.35250986,0.0007751428],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007400541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000484863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44414914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000081280605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018613695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972496821","doi":"","title":"Investigating the performance of geothermal energy piles using coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical finite element analyses","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Finite element method; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.02953744184550669,"score_gpt":0.23795470703098417,"score_spread":0.20841726518547748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2972496821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958954,0.00017945188,0.00049841224,0.000076122386,0.00016140043,0.00018786069,0.000025001582,0.000037546957,0.0029388051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99707216,0.00011285369,0.00039890176,0.000030495761,0.00008032009,0.0000023355567,0.00021208746,0.000048979025,0.0020418551],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984656,0.00013083091,0.00031438353,0.00035679247,0.000447946,0.00028444242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99803275,0.0001351523,0.0009627048,0.0005913844,0.0002119152,0.000066076755],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020782545,0.00030309614,0.0005455164,0.00016990348,0.00032561476,0.000018428509,0.0006468594,0.00026715704,0.000085421874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014568892,0.0002852443,0.00025945716,0.0003391376,0.00012447654,0.000121941,0.000095324984,0.00021990675,0.000017733439],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001139619,0.00014880186,0.004471034,0.00057026034,0.00074077223,0.0000036252154,0.0009960226,0.79381496,0.18189485,0.015704192,0.00007993525,0.0014615837],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00084258226,0.00017375563,0.0321559,0.00067876617,0.0005816222,0.0000032161263,0.027209712,0.9192102,0.0138723375,0.0000993639,0.0045581223,0.0006144353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07892354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17927174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16802253,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008531061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014647125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973224411","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.039","title":"Alternative heating systems for northern remote communities: Techno-economic analysis of ground-coupled heat pumps in Kuujjuaq, Nunavik, Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Subarctic climate; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Heating system; Work (physics); Geothermal heating; Borehole; Electricity; Renewable heat; Renewable energy; Heat exchanger; Environmental engineering; Geography; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.010830260925569938,"score_gpt":0.21782217056049835,"score_spread":0.20699190963492842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2973224411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891514,0.0004255952,0.004281073,0.000040163897,0.00027678758,0.00026324036,0.00009980573,0.00005105751,0.0054108426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99588513,0.000067529116,0.00013123143,0.00005569117,0.00010235469,0.00017253381,0.00031724284,0.00006201444,0.0032062829],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980684,0.00009443716,0.0008085005,0.00035509077,0.00022346147,0.0004501215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982536,0.00031621498,0.00031595284,0.00086392614,0.00016154404,0.000088793306],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028109207,0.00028471166,0.000847733,0.00038178352,0.00011871522,0.000043881264,0.0004977913,0.0001430419,0.00008386629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012096689,0.00028820807,0.00017390816,0.00079855946,0.00003948886,0.00010319416,0.000073961644,0.00009329866,0.0000036008041],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002220233,0.000029629271,0.0028472429,0.000056059678,0.0005467023,0.00000101778,0.00017646726,0.99102765,0.0014006669,0.0035799874,0.000001076686,0.00031130304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060284574,0.000040341463,0.00031423382,0.00011137516,0.00011040831,0.0000025016054,0.0018019658,0.9927903,0.0010614888,0.00033330775,0.0025385092,0.0002927275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9987124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0067336853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00086736475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040567582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999957},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W2973850848","doi":"10.1115/1.4044824","title":"Analytical Solution for Solid Cylindrical Heat Source Model With Convective Boundary Condition","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Heat Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","keywords":"Mechanics; Line source; Convection; Boundary value problem; Convective heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficient; Heat transfer; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis; Optics","score_opus":0.014035482997346284,"score_gpt":0.25491284573947187,"score_spread":0.2408773627421256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2973850848","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53099483,0.0000585594,0.4657316,0.0010277767,0.00008088108,0.00020079094,0.000013641852,0.00001628819,0.0018756451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981902,0.0000073293254,0.00054476084,0.00027829938,0.00021860815,0.000023538423,0.00001308884,0.00003371135,0.0006904388],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880785,0.000042446518,0.000445284,0.00017170305,0.00027771373,0.00025502528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993433,0.000076463446,0.000021308299,0.00014487385,0.0002749653,0.00013908745],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020367066,0.00015425685,0.00037118886,0.00009903257,0.00011669734,0.00003855205,0.00010956045,0.00012853918,0.00011975814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000052625574,0.000112641115,0.00021906095,0.0001063418,0.00007155698,0.00020448319,0.000004283444,0.00021942884,0.00002326408],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069993857,0.0002078663,0.00021385105,0.000043985114,0.00021077637,0.0000035889022,0.00033267005,0.94537085,0.025229383,0.026971994,0.0002765565,0.0004385357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0039052896,0.0010818102,0.00094872725,0.00012292118,0.00021440153,0.0002890294,0.00018825106,0.9654318,0.0063837105,0.0011562483,0.019994859,0.00028294325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015342566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007202496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46719542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010297559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014706435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45933715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2974185226","doi":"","title":"Geothermal energy pile subjected to thermo-mechanical loading","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science","score_opus":0.015951785460468788,"score_gpt":0.2326083726798047,"score_spread":0.2166565872193359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2974185226","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6475858,0.00011992547,0.012172926,0.0005426722,0.00043201813,0.00015041028,0.0000065898384,0.00056897145,0.33842066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97920173,0.0000028288955,0.0007722899,0.0014253309,0.0007335445,0.00016368534,0.0000120913055,0.000060741047,0.017627737],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985846,0.00006523964,0.00028350274,0.00025367114,0.0001913903,0.00062154746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990397,0.000054375385,0.000054362263,0.00044225942,0.000047431025,0.00036186044],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016403565,0.00019759091,0.0002040442,0.00007997651,0.00013577988,0.00003432365,0.00025008395,0.0001258043,0.00462251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001690778,0.00016348156,0.00009538263,0.0003115352,0.000018357616,0.00013730931,0.000082186,0.0000781598,0.0013708356],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013379609,0.00011998414,0.0002697032,0.0000031135944,0.000033477685,8.516621e-7,0.00013923486,0.0019542072,0.17027275,0.8176817,0.0012860658,0.008225511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038029792,0.000051746872,0.005612112,0.0000152585335,0.000018435716,0.000018163159,0.00018844799,0.0018536216,0.09069771,0.00051674113,0.9001513,0.00049617596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013531401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008176126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8988652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049064707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016851502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994067},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2978017439","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.141","title":"Numerical modeling of a coaxial borehole heat exchanger to exploit geothermal energy from abandoned petroleum wells in Hinton, Alberta","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal energy; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal gradient; Coaxial; Petroleum; Exploit; Heat exchanger; Geology; Environmental science; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Geophysics","score_opus":0.010983705483633931,"score_gpt":0.20912683466332338,"score_spread":0.19814312917968946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2978017439","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8868478,0.000733048,0.03305752,0.00059586554,0.0005976591,0.00020323048,0.000045646266,0.00013934668,0.07777989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98241,0.000062248364,0.00034927166,0.00074241695,0.00043077895,0.0002671238,0.00013650536,0.00012916015,0.015472466],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99700576,0.0001513445,0.00084605167,0.0008077948,0.00044816794,0.0007408669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99838024,0.00015163978,0.00014625704,0.0009377361,0.000091786205,0.00029235857],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014597157,0.00043458596,0.0008300855,0.00029994748,0.00007057157,0.000044155822,0.0005254327,0.0002766368,0.0020092097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019202711,0.00042416566,0.00022390345,0.0005449717,0.000031477484,0.00018968942,0.00014471148,0.000112991365,0.0001011226],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015945142,0.00018117746,0.0004226736,0.000013467195,0.00006294653,0.000004746275,0.000280371,0.95449626,0.036281385,0.006975731,0.00028207147,0.00083968905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016092568,0.00011714086,0.0001495168,0.00013565643,0.000019659234,0.000004559037,0.00018172603,0.80082965,0.022123264,0.00074693834,0.17351027,0.00057234225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9384441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06933964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8691044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014016232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009165345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979710410","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-32520-6_17","title":"Estimating the Ground Temperature Around Energy Piles Using Artificial Neural Networks","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Borehole; Artificial neural network; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Software; Environmental science; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.021899280432346718,"score_gpt":0.2580629168789463,"score_spread":0.23616363644659957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2979710410","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.076266736,0.26464882,0.32396832,0.0002406723,0.027280128,0.003145029,0.000058022004,0.0006563453,0.3037359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98306316,0.0003808378,0.00027560027,0.00010287254,0.0033096392,0.000021165568,0.00004059765,0.0001224756,0.012683623],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973956,0.00009110432,0.0010760396,0.0006822494,0.0002905322,0.00046448407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99824584,0.00035791306,0.0007153147,0.0005128571,0.000093924915,0.000074139134],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003503915,0.0005513687,0.00070285593,0.00012451064,0.00045739822,0.0003409543,0.00036567214,0.0003734289,0.000015592084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011305624,0.00041864952,0.00014770613,0.00010277226,0.0001385911,0.00016789601,0.00017670816,0.0005822025,0.000008078546],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004340454,0.0000055213122,0.000021251877,0.000065735774,0.000026140351,0.000004667445,0.0000556044,0.5705303,0.000015627738,0.4112406,0.0000034314455,0.018026752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000068341724,0.000028730941,0.0000045809243,0.001164847,0.000032327138,0.00009334429,0.00034209885,0.9305916,0.0000064792853,0.006324643,0.06088534,0.00045765555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044557857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00089935004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90679646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000122062105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036411093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980285294","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2019.1673000","title":"Ground-source heat pump systems: state-of-the-art","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Air source heat pumps; Environmental science; State (computer science); Architectural engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.007181444782217019,"score_gpt":0.19914917690494244,"score_spread":0.19196773212272542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2980285294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937561,0.00048762411,0.0010385731,0.003035688,0.00019254863,0.000633427,0.000006194588,0.00004303553,0.0008067704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916673,0.000049544524,0.000047998587,0.000058871836,0.000012120229,0.00021996857,5.555599e-7,0.000009933299,0.007933742],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990658,0.000010131838,0.00017341455,0.00026665072,0.00023494771,0.00024903938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991086,0.0000440515,0.00007413904,0.00072469603,0.000020230194,0.00002826194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039272578,0.00009568597,0.00012478563,0.00006893883,0.00032910606,0.000022440736,0.0006400047,0.000056538876,0.000017677014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014814083,0.000053985954,0.000033934026,0.00029793842,0.0010040085,0.000059428803,0.00022095925,0.000074990654,0.0000767545],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001576828,0.00013346081,0.006996133,0.00007846853,0.0000798809,3.1616523e-7,0.0002857225,0.17287445,0.38845882,0.38978502,0.00022892602,0.041063022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003403848,0.0001015241,0.0038886261,0.000029680841,0.000023105795,0.000023226965,0.0005913008,0.0152840195,0.035251297,0.0042055887,0.9400994,0.00016183482],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00068749936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000030797728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9398705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052908872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024951063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3699311},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981335692","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/609/6/062028","title":"Techno-economic feasibility of Sewage Wastewater Heat Recovery (WWHR) based Community Energy Network (CEN) in a cold climate - a case study of Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wastewater; Heat pump; Environmental science; Cold climate; Waste management; Waste heat; Environmental engineering; Sewage; Sewage treatment; Thermal energy; Engineering; Meteorology; Geography; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.012978408421895701,"score_gpt":0.19405825895744944,"score_spread":0.18107985053555373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981335692","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99918824,0.000011206419,0.000010486518,0.000012570243,0.00018851452,0.00019432708,0.000046253655,0.00002265645,0.00032572093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998421,0.0000099185345,0.00007651219,0.0000067922033,0.000011014243,0.000009068914,0.0000033890094,0.000009448197,0.000031719774],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989804,0.00006811092,0.00030869307,0.0002209117,0.00013044455,0.0002914603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993238,0.00003933396,0.000091353664,0.00041073357,0.00007189673,0.000062908744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005660071,0.00014526193,0.0003462561,0.000060991908,0.00011762693,0.000041507865,0.00026782442,0.00005001425,0.00008788277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008298384,0.0001464127,0.00001492982,0.00017948166,0.000093036026,0.00038708482,0.00016306389,0.000054690903,3.7003977e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007047404,0.00007921446,0.0021799419,0.00019217402,0.000012325637,0.000030745283,0.00057644123,0.40675095,0.58436817,0.005656908,0.0000021651276,0.00008050609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034043503,0.0015271262,0.025645483,0.0007590529,0.0000625101,0.00022070562,0.07030417,0.063637346,0.83163697,0.000060441365,0.0013534466,0.0013883946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9636761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9063719,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3431136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027656445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028378647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59705365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981487905","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/609/5/052010","title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of a thermal storage medium for ground source heat pump applications","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Bentonite; Heat pump; Thermal; Thermal energy storage; Geotechnical engineering; Heat transfer; Heat pipe; Thermal energy; Materials science; Geology; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01283363868780477,"score_gpt":0.2141626612959863,"score_spread":0.20132902260818153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981487905","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946473,0.00004568428,0.0045917276,0.00010558839,0.0001116096,0.0002950644,0.000010270522,0.00004458449,0.00014814331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99888605,0.0000036855793,0.0006485857,0.00002069068,0.000062334155,0.00026743786,0.00000732419,0.000012748006,0.00009113447],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922794,0.000008316995,0.00019481269,0.00023590685,0.00014438265,0.00018866551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959695,0.000024070869,0.00004978832,0.00015646576,0.000088259214,0.000084445375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021437614,0.00011364588,0.00017842575,0.000058579833,0.00010994083,0.00011462636,0.00013278624,0.00004219564,0.000047524703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012410285,0.00010319497,0.000012001998,0.0001390425,0.00020210409,0.00036090135,0.000059886886,0.00002595736,0.000003436528],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000075403923,0.000005080745,0.000029999555,0.000059753085,0.0000035103374,4.202742e-8,0.0004952941,0.004173545,0.9631162,0.031965446,5.21431e-7,0.00014306526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018279788,0.00007390165,0.0039489563,0.000032807104,0.0000054496254,0.00000853219,0.0006120669,0.009192852,0.98344606,0.00008884483,0.0022544332,0.00015332123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005363314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024083602,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0318766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019458945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054884153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42081687},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981825631","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/609/5/052026","title":"Modelling and optimization of helical steel piles as in-ground heat exchangers for Ground-Source Heat Pumps","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Borehole; Pile; Heat pump; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Finite element method; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Geothermal energy; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.01825327823350318,"score_gpt":0.21311265667098825,"score_spread":0.19485937843748508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981825631","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810883,0.00006538949,0.018112333,0.0000939346,0.000155945,0.00022538303,0.000007730519,0.000034824643,0.0002161614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971751,0.00012040157,0.0024032702,0.000017232014,0.000041651045,0.000070979724,0.0000066716757,0.000015742826,0.00014893441],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905556,0.000009651528,0.0002477975,0.00027895806,0.00015057831,0.0002574543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996105,0.000031672753,0.00003322977,0.0001501107,0.00010546373,0.00006906387],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031323268,0.00013514567,0.00024158815,0.00011403393,0.00008315342,0.0001750175,0.00012749946,0.00006050691,0.000041677617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021196764,0.00012729189,0.000013087498,0.00017800253,0.00012457723,0.0004969668,0.00005697273,0.000031882468,0.0000019717775],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012739694,0.000004410007,0.0000064638166,0.00008849961,0.0000019441095,1.024535e-7,0.00032192052,0.63803065,0.3467202,0.0147117805,1.2243075e-7,0.000101180485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031123028,0.000104612925,0.00024329817,0.00016545872,0.000006288415,0.000015103034,0.00079721905,0.9003068,0.09647324,0.00016538131,0.0011820778,0.0002292592],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040024146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003573855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2622762,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002616954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004321002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60504806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981925887","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/609/5/052040","title":"Investigation on the thermal performance of the diaphragm wall in deep buried engineering: a simulation study","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Diaphragm (acoustics); Heat transfer; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Materials science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Meteorology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.018411590101916557,"score_gpt":0.19650722320289984,"score_spread":0.17809563310098328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981925887","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990827,0.0000041553103,0.000008699848,0.0001595109,0.00018406553,0.00032176022,0.0000010351476,0.000026880687,0.00021120707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99980867,0.0000022828767,0.000020893634,0.000023966633,0.000028326507,0.000064251544,6.737329e-7,0.000009849991,0.000041069423],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913424,0.000022292423,0.00023019266,0.00018271759,0.00024337806,0.00018715426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994831,0.000049545,0.00007342053,0.0002892367,0.00007508226,0.000029620758],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048755083,0.00012052174,0.00014096074,0.00007069808,0.00008484133,0.00008893568,0.00028488558,0.00003272195,0.000042159416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006796231,0.00007407109,0.000011935003,0.00036885863,0.00008807099,0.00028421485,0.00006671969,0.00006365736,0.0000063356733],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006082909,0.000006115098,0.0011504105,0.000018355851,0.0000020597047,6.5665624e-8,0.00086040294,0.5273153,0.45986193,0.010710197,6.014956e-8,0.00006900185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018477892,0.00009565301,0.348639,0.00011161641,0.0000045436864,0.0000011624644,0.00038841847,0.33249593,0.31771708,0.000027452596,0.00017683444,0.00015753928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004921258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032144355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34748858,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025891999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004254706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30205312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2982226802","doi":"10.4095/291488","title":"Geothermal energy resource potential of Canada","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Resource (disambiguation); Earth science; Geology; Environmental science; Computer science; Paleontology","score_opus":0.01562534946795597,"score_gpt":0.21330630921199617,"score_spread":0.1976809597440402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2982226802","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012579837,0.0011654492,0.0002814536,0.00011775008,0.0007309313,0.00007046735,0.00008716695,0.00006438109,0.9962244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6051441,0.00005314639,0.000051479434,0.00011549785,0.0015030415,0.000054756063,0.00019305413,0.0000951112,0.3927898],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974013,0.000061195264,0.00069782435,0.00032304195,0.0010055226,0.00051109225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99819833,0.000033173663,0.0005229587,0.00075576815,0.00028563637,0.00020410697],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024530644,0.00033442388,0.0005711131,0.00008587136,0.00008884965,0.000012165616,0.00037436438,0.0003799094,0.0045388243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018457336,0.00028828555,0.00019687062,0.00014019228,0.00005080027,0.000032782107,0.000095720316,0.00016922722,0.000012449374],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031618274,0.00025269846,0.00018461773,0.00044296568,0.001003167,0.000043704305,0.00005823407,0.08556343,0.0026439617,0.18681982,0.686623,0.036332797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000106409745,0.00000781373,0.00077995297,0.000039077277,0.00006236506,0.000055293996,0.000047060366,0.000159439,0.0006887529,0.000035679604,0.9977076,0.0003105561],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99624455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.93402463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6038861,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002655085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002555115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996078113","doi":"10.3390/en13010096","title":"Long-Term Temperature Evaluation of a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System Subject to Groundwater Flow","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Dewatering; Environmental science; Advection; Flow conditions; Borehole; Heat transfer; Flow (mathematics); Hydrology (agriculture); Heat exchanger; Geotechnical engineering; Aquifer; Engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01351020383717857,"score_gpt":0.24366781750708294,"score_spread":0.23015761366990437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996078113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99253434,0.000259638,0.000040828618,0.000106541454,0.0005650849,0.00048536182,0.000007613022,0.00015726699,0.005843321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951253,0.0000049970554,0.00011547291,0.00006423879,0.0002848837,0.00037349766,0.00009113339,0.000052897125,0.0038876035],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980857,0.00015730255,0.00042304286,0.000405803,0.0006188239,0.000309332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866074,0.00004681684,0.00008735036,0.0007181647,0.0003987885,0.000088151195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005222872,0.00024922792,0.00038255783,0.00015057916,0.00009727269,0.00008842018,0.00027458332,0.00016013156,0.00048490777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017816154,0.00020285438,0.00012331628,0.00040367417,0.000026848533,0.00018030449,0.000065393026,0.00009110874,0.00038432487],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003176633,0.00005492677,0.0016277531,0.00013662003,0.000081232734,0.0000014760044,0.0004908763,0.8406547,0.14413892,0.012021152,0.00003576343,0.00072483404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006702243,0.00074878713,0.33710948,0.0016920705,0.0006238783,0.00015713176,0.0037698748,0.4046377,0.23345728,0.00033825787,0.008254956,0.0025083348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013825613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016582536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43601698,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017548678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000769807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9927414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997273209","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114394","title":"Robust identification of volumetric heat capacity and analysis of thermal response tests by Bayesian inference with correlated residuals","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Bayesian inference; Inference; Sampling (signal processing); Independence (probability theory); Computer science; Bayesian probability; Statistics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.016738281805314274,"score_gpt":0.2119095016886445,"score_spread":0.19517121988333022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2997273209","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96990216,0.00012131048,0.02794684,0.00013886875,0.00000896886,0.00008922969,0.000067813286,0.000056419944,0.0016683657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99914914,0.000019788027,0.00035642745,0.000078197154,0.000013648568,0.000063968706,0.0001042649,0.000026404543,0.00018818562],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848104,0.00011293704,0.0005774403,0.00038234302,0.00026239414,0.00018387602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878335,0.0002453107,0.00031512664,0.00040208612,0.000123192,0.00013090992],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022067825,0.00018446086,0.00046061527,0.00026637287,0.00007051803,0.000020481268,0.00019825678,0.00013131106,0.000071090384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060012524,0.00016238297,0.00006125394,0.0025951846,0.0001521659,0.00006152163,0.00004119187,0.00008130049,0.0000026218797],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027545885,0.00007852501,0.0024227793,0.00001921251,0.0004393961,5.024553e-7,0.00028426576,0.5287355,0.4436866,0.022444395,0.000043445754,0.0015698539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020682495,0.00044895033,0.2762127,0.000046886784,0.0017599864,0.0000032097046,0.0005189906,0.35819516,0.3549036,0.00024209783,0.004649922,0.0009502506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011424348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005490624,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2737899,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020181726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035885976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999361847","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2020.01.058","title":"Feasibility and performance of ground source heat pump systems for commercial applications in tropical and subtropical climates","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Ministry of Science and Technology; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Humid subtropical climate; Subtropics; Tropical climate; Tropics; Engineering; Environmental engineering; Civil engineering; Geography; Mechanical engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.027099222230052192,"score_gpt":0.24099637540050886,"score_spread":0.21389715317045666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2999361847","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.988902,0.0011527031,0.008820906,0.00026433077,0.000026232832,0.00026646483,0.000019957977,0.000044206216,0.0005032383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99868035,0.00031105278,0.00015683682,0.00009050305,0.00017294468,0.00036579912,0.000035687284,0.000024012536,0.00016281499],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988363,0.000057894747,0.00040799298,0.00034850274,0.000107980486,0.00024135735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993613,0.00014099447,0.0000735696,0.00021580634,0.000059856728,0.0001485053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000693552,0.00015755232,0.00037252303,0.00004260782,0.00011952616,0.000033774268,0.00012378108,0.000121352896,0.000007595571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022057904,0.00014292459,0.000041687494,0.0002200075,0.00011341511,0.00007805775,0.00006315862,0.000058342615,6.398076e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002611855,0.00020959576,0.26686838,0.000703436,0.00004375768,4.5970725e-7,0.00032275845,0.6226311,0.0064709,0.10035415,0.000056689387,0.0020776098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026019344,0.0004910777,0.17761889,0.000092672446,0.000059132097,0.00001435077,0.000615489,0.65810615,0.0042186873,0.0006169148,0.15502472,0.0005399655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029370352,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15496804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000342109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027608457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95382965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000518580","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2019-0143","title":"Laboratory-scale pull-out tests on a geothermal energy pile in dry sand subjected to heating cycles","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Strain gauge; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Dry sand; Environmental science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.013015113280939796,"score_gpt":0.2263145961508068,"score_spread":0.213299482869867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000518580","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96853125,0.00022662866,0.0015857795,0.017543647,0.00024648086,0.00028837306,0.00012966483,0.00022344661,0.011224712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894837,0.000009747823,0.00029364906,0.009150492,0.0007201931,0.000060231712,0.0000113315255,0.00006813945,0.00020251112],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99784243,0.000138862,0.0005711516,0.00040288272,0.0002794355,0.00076525606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976263,0.00007867871,0.00011813383,0.0003034336,0.00010840823,0.0017650482],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022832018,0.0002631685,0.00035164435,0.00028302663,0.0002702514,0.00013741544,0.00045853373,0.00025482758,0.0005121129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016718832,0.00025734052,0.00010434687,0.00073463976,0.000053396245,0.00009869467,0.0000406685,0.0006278753,0.00018256699],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013696625,0.00016853555,0.005628288,0.000025382858,0.0000740985,0.0006768477,0.0009944097,0.87983686,0.06125206,0.015808586,0.0078709815,0.027526988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019240464,0.0005817835,0.057190355,0.0003941578,0.00003112569,0.00009512205,0.00042754502,0.031003041,0.006299497,0.0006850193,0.90005654,0.0013117547],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17463136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.26826134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89218557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003494842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005326818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999879},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001686153","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-12005","title":"Transient Thermal Performance and Ground Temperature Variation for a Heat Pump System Using High Thermal Conductivity Energy Piles","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Thermal conductivity; Pile; Heat exchanger; Materials science; Heat transfer; Cooling load; Transient (computer programming); Thermal; Steady state (chemistry); Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Composite material; Air conditioning; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.01180888154624264,"score_gpt":0.20199537557044783,"score_spread":0.1901864940242052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3001686153","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941479,0.00006727226,0.0013408995,0.00010284586,0.00030341366,0.0003774425,0.000020249658,0.00012741912,0.003512557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99748194,0.000004822788,0.00036880653,0.00010359951,0.00029025535,0.0001578438,0.00003402127,0.00004589957,0.0015128083],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876916,0.000073424366,0.00028718365,0.00039876517,0.00016443427,0.00030705746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993707,0.000059404047,0.00007806389,0.00031781395,0.00009579636,0.0000782484],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018414497,0.0002364473,0.00029889616,0.000059363218,0.00025012673,0.00009349288,0.00011671149,0.00017967698,0.0000956415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001958566,0.00018458156,0.000076937984,0.0001269156,0.000036250174,0.000328904,0.000022981809,0.00008256679,0.000009249567],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006807222,0.00005898867,0.0002518333,0.00018420264,0.00007782835,4.41855e-7,0.00033998676,0.15975238,0.6206367,0.2175235,0.000006847667,0.0010992165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0045306897,0.0004719152,0.10490939,0.00030133376,0.0001951689,0.000114067625,0.0015563294,0.8051909,0.0650426,0.00013230003,0.016155493,0.0013997784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015782384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024787232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64543855,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000080817204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004059946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907716},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005660401","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109859","title":"Considering buried depth in the moving finite line source model for vertical borehole heat exchangers—A new solution","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Borehole; Multiphysics; Heat exchanger; Finite element method; Heat transfer; Line source; Mechanics; Sensitivity (control systems); Groundwater; Geothermal gradient; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Geophysics; Electronic engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.04087681995324181,"score_gpt":0.2434430328825114,"score_spread":0.2025662129292696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005660401","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19590096,0.0006654646,0.78782743,0.0139755085,0.0000458516,0.00014952707,0.000004216133,0.00011300316,0.0013180586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930842,0.000028900617,0.0022961635,0.003540341,0.00042628072,0.00008079919,0.000014754115,0.000025360565,0.0005032288],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910074,0.000028778559,0.00022202509,0.0002736776,0.00010694916,0.00026780568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955225,0.00014829566,0.000027504213,0.00013627888,0.00001996597,0.000115686154],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012553313,0.00014396661,0.0001707919,0.000036687037,0.0001699321,0.00005436383,0.00013379144,0.000097455355,0.000011362862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007104224,0.00011489292,0.0000589986,0.00015767141,0.000039839884,0.00009167667,0.00005210626,0.00008770746,0.0000015872874],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051541323,0.000024085964,0.000047974467,0.00002179332,0.000016269038,0.0000017576708,0.0021136138,0.85888463,0.015521901,0.113820314,0.00098192,0.00851422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005343629,0.00003721055,0.000037554706,0.00002484607,0.000014608009,0.0000039262904,0.00016182727,0.8533981,0.0029241669,0.0017415279,0.14097977,0.00014212557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0052684397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011622303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7971832,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015254081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028668252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.796434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006203999","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.043","title":"Estimating parasitic loads related to brine production from a hot sedimentary aquifer geothermal project: A case study from the Clarke Lake gas field, British Columbia","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Aquifer; Geology; Hydrogeology; Petroleum engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Brine; Environmental science; Water well; Natural gas field; Geothermal power; Groundwater; Natural gas; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Paleontology","score_opus":0.014090749588758911,"score_gpt":0.23511223100932174,"score_spread":0.22102148142056283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3006203999","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99494624,0.00019253891,0.00085065025,0.0013852535,0.00050058495,0.00062848884,0.00011103637,0.0003039077,0.001081285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895782,0.0000077688355,0.0009893525,0.0025998433,0.001435821,0.00062132016,0.0002559627,0.00009511946,0.004416623],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99733484,0.00029557926,0.0006402051,0.00090812414,0.00035745619,0.0004638149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859536,0.00018362701,0.00019011731,0.0006911554,0.00012001371,0.0002197401],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018187732,0.00027440995,0.00041257916,0.000029710227,0.00051157124,0.00037595056,0.00035676785,0.00015381607,0.0015157955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014863997,0.00031505665,0.0001151652,0.00062947406,0.000040133065,0.00016618511,0.00013336031,0.00021317383,0.00003902156],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007625187,0.00045291017,0.008605008,0.000014294001,0.000453858,0.0012365911,0.0030774875,0.94219315,0.005335231,0.000019475323,0.026286399,0.0122493645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009333425,0.0025915124,0.019053256,0.0009927443,0.0014344115,0.003030597,0.027805401,0.42322406,0.010850174,0.0021692489,0.49522135,0.004293848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9875902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.89622515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51896906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005836746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009660493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007359893","doi":"10.21660/2020.70.9460","title":"GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PILE-SOIL INTERACTION UNDER MECHANICAL LOADING AND THERMAL CYCLES","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Geomate","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Thermal; Environmental science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.019908203947959204,"score_gpt":0.2578098844882534,"score_spread":0.23790168054029423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3007359893","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833855,0.0001531198,0.00552865,0.006407444,0.0006395269,0.000026821654,0.00000745266,0.000043318254,0.0038081836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99682534,0.00006709862,0.00021651654,0.0015584497,0.0011581758,0.000004465782,0.0000052366336,0.000027917806,0.00013681692],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987605,0.000061142135,0.00050972315,0.0001574473,0.00035455226,0.00015663124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990718,0.00006985066,0.00040000808,0.00008038228,0.00021876144,0.00015921851],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001331633,0.00014331288,0.00020324334,0.000093676565,0.00005844812,0.00010399404,0.00032366923,0.00007301763,0.00040842727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029753097,0.00012156818,0.00011979437,0.00006762074,0.00003742001,0.00031730442,0.00008366943,0.00015161185,0.000032632302],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046114283,0.00014575594,0.0004528076,0.00001471975,0.00073273183,0.00012665137,0.00055732345,0.30626,0.37732688,0.27727586,0.00043972328,0.036206402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007961617,0.00085946673,0.020404141,0.0006420611,0.00027556537,0.002605965,0.002894402,0.3557049,0.20547348,0.015677728,0.38591972,0.0015809429],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009387335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007136135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38548002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000493742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003121648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49574065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009146385","doi":"10.3390/en13051083","title":"A Review and Evaluation of Predictive Models for Thermal Conductivity of Sands at Full Water Content Range","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Range (aeronautics); Geothermal gradient; Soil science; Predictive modelling; Saturation (graph theory); Thermal; Environmental science; Mineralogy; Geology; Statistics; Materials science; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Composite material; Geophysics","score_opus":0.16506113317187876,"score_gpt":0.3316743000246179,"score_spread":0.16661316685273914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3009146385","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0010154325,0.9958344,0.00007544147,0.000057304624,0.00005917751,0.001377021,0.00028323423,0.000024483385,0.0012735067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0084777055,0.9886163,0.000067481145,0.000027143547,0.00009020857,0.0021655415,0.00023012182,0.000047277874,0.00027821076],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99823487,0.000292672,0.0007051415,0.0003438593,0.00025467997,0.00016880198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986564,0.0001176164,0.00048940716,0.00033843154,0.00034507463,0.00005307227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061243976,0.00029742176,0.0017532433,0.00005468866,0.000052576743,0.0000063273837,0.00016000122,0.00016553879,0.00008744921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003985701,0.00018701023,0.00037822124,0.00008990761,0.00010743567,0.000090903486,0.00010581416,0.000075091404,0.000002713499],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007728399,0.00012222782,8.613999e-7,0.10793785,0.0015963669,4.5879173e-7,0.00072653417,0.055241242,0.0012462282,0.016663743,0.00058324356,0.81580395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006694156,0.00013726325,0.0000022915272,0.010828696,0.005173074,0.000009127729,0.00004313439,0.0050247563,0.0005846018,0.00033626895,0.9768787,0.00031268765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005604512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006447984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9762954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006704911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000087034896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7626056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010752529","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/440/5/052039","title":"Theory and Solutions of Heat Pulse Method for Determining Soil Thermal Properties","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computer science; Thermal; Pulse (music); Soil thermal properties; Heat flux; Line source; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Environmental science; Soil science; Soil water; Thermodynamics; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.02938618578452937,"score_gpt":0.2216282530760852,"score_spread":0.19224206729155582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3010752529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946887,0.00017513683,0.003344059,0.0003648184,0.00001885333,0.00013306229,0.000022961012,0.000016806152,0.0012355879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977583,0.000042515534,0.0017818398,0.00013797237,0.000023171577,0.000041570132,0.0000028181419,0.000006343292,0.00020546888],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924576,0.000037027745,0.00014057815,0.0002493068,0.000111289344,0.00021604511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968714,0.000030792606,0.00003821982,0.00010283379,0.000009108338,0.00013191147],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023700875,0.00009777987,0.00012763187,0.000018758648,0.00033162674,0.00004588596,0.00011981828,0.000028824963,0.00007414762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026263422,0.000077264725,0.000021210304,0.00006478296,0.00086684746,0.00027284017,0.00010675086,0.000039093495,0.0000023299658],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038652797,0.000010477028,0.00012950248,0.000018440383,0.000004763649,2.2398874e-7,0.0014788249,0.0021763581,0.9307642,0.030155668,4.4850077e-7,0.035222445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061381795,0.0005350744,0.028521677,0.00005083517,0.000032996584,0.000031460568,0.008844745,0.07279045,0.88229746,0.0010102208,0.0048540034,0.0004172424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003380005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000076742006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0706141,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004655675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031119267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31939358},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014881491","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2019-0227","title":"Experimental investigation of a ground-coupled heat exchanger combined with an air conditioner for southern India","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Condenser (optics); Air conditioning; Heat exchanger; Active cooling; Vapor-compression refrigeration; Heat pump; Nuclear engineering; Air source heat pumps; Cooling load; Materials science; Coefficient of performance; Hybrid heat; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Energy consumption; Water cooling; Engineering; Refrigerant; Electrical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.014855511972596026,"score_gpt":0.1988453206370341,"score_spread":0.1839898086644381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3014881491","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7376002,0.000038087204,0.25841147,0.0019197174,0.0001261764,0.0012048016,0.00058853923,0.000092139395,0.000018893441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993956,3.224793e-7,0.0051101814,0.00029597504,0.000051938445,0.00044540266,0.00005689556,0.000041024756,0.00004222409],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935204,0.000007888682,0.00020687029,0.00015196239,0.000103045415,0.00017818023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944544,0.000038005193,0.00005176751,0.0001674008,0.000081953585,0.00021545988],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007128042,0.00011892814,0.000181116,0.000022512788,0.00016195675,0.000008584123,0.00015600385,0.000104322025,0.000040377345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005764052,0.0001000747,0.00023982335,0.00021823905,0.00004369205,0.00007546643,0.0000025165384,0.000078161655,5.47373e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006579228,0.000039896397,0.000003143052,0.00017879313,0.00027089423,6.889364e-8,0.003960963,0.6786735,0.28066772,0.036055848,0.000025333382,0.000058046557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001963725,0.00057984394,0.00007826502,0.000060323706,0.00014700249,0.0000025124411,0.0024626236,0.8135724,0.17945912,0.00030212093,0.0010869968,0.00028503808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.052202627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0150980605,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25635585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009378702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011368764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95410883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014974776","doi":"10.5194/gi-9-293-2020","title":"Signal processing for in situ detection of effective heat pulse probe spacing radius as the basis of a self-calibrating heat pulse probe","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoscientific instrumentation, methods and data systems","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Global Water Futures; College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"PID controller; SIGNAL (programming language); Signal processing; RADIUS; Controller (irrigation); Electronic engineering; Acoustics; Materials science; Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Digital signal processing; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Temperature control","score_opus":0.03129769652914615,"score_gpt":0.31389493787127143,"score_spread":0.28259724134212527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3014974776","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4503976,0.000521332,0.5450449,0.00024023726,0.0003360822,0.0028397946,0.00025167182,0.00006487904,0.0003034539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96469694,0.0000067778437,0.03426121,0.000038851642,0.000114922484,0.0006071943,0.00020769502,0.00002709349,0.00003932595],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99723804,0.000696596,0.0008492361,0.00066890684,0.0002777954,0.00026945176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986698,0.00028377268,0.00033844254,0.00044481913,0.00017313758,0.00008999724],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026362368,0.00020383178,0.00041523832,0.00013338472,0.00037713538,0.00020144298,0.00031820755,0.00009260082,0.000009064017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015697614,0.00015638399,0.00005664213,0.0008406489,0.00011247895,0.00056026643,0.00012909835,0.00010849875,0.0000010312807],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008247296,0.000095395335,0.0008140436,0.001717093,0.00006733568,4.618751e-7,0.006283664,0.00551158,0.84283596,0.002981299,0.000011728216,0.13959898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015466077,0.00024274278,0.0017145514,0.00047513004,0.00013914083,0.00003275454,0.010463581,0.60407645,0.37710816,0.00037631937,0.0034956732,0.0003289132],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012831981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060355273,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59856486,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048803122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009994738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99374163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015288574","doi":"","title":"Synthetic Temperature-Depth Transients Based On Solar Forcing vs. Observed From Repeated Well Temperature Logs in the Canadian Prairies","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AGUFM","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Forcing (mathematics); Atmospheric sciences; Climatology; Environmental science; Solar variation; Temperature measurement; Meteorology; Geology; Geography; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.013917215602055642,"score_gpt":0.2097602400563233,"score_spread":0.19584302445426766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3015288574","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9695514,0.000108678854,0.0000062401577,0.013761672,0.0001358685,0.0004023192,0.000046267738,0.00010580332,0.015881743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932534,0.000003484898,0.00006697177,0.005662221,0.00011286306,0.00006857588,0.00018721248,0.000032878423,0.000612365],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983809,0.00019395133,0.00030743808,0.00042695843,0.00025945896,0.00043132098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989331,0.00008754249,0.00006974299,0.0007156501,0.00005353629,0.00014043941],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022772691,0.0002588175,0.00026214897,0.00011693348,0.00036011395,0.00015895437,0.00038920957,0.00027643362,0.00007347157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004071038,0.00018506056,0.0001061564,0.0004100444,0.000051117542,0.00008685996,0.000004653945,0.00038315146,0.00007730558],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030419754,0.00077467505,0.007004133,0.00005743887,0.00013155163,0.0004231291,0.006434119,0.88923544,0.048216283,0.03540704,0.005447072,0.0065649278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004816992,0.0006876069,0.6075823,0.0011755911,0.00016389477,0.000038528622,0.0018448499,0.043375067,0.0387703,0.0027815779,0.29664618,0.0021171574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6298296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.86902505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84586036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010874838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001410532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75465506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016305774","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-62299-y","title":"Measurement and prediction on thermal conductivity of fused quartz","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Gradation; Thermal conductivity; Quartz; Materials science; Thermal conduction; Particle size; Fused quartz; Porosity; Particle (ecology); Composite material; Thermal; Mineralogy; Thermodynamics; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.043244396033282444,"score_gpt":0.22656064809358542,"score_spread":0.18331625206030297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3016305774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902516,0.00005463791,0.00011251198,0.00040401195,0.00078401796,0.00014299426,0.000002456741,0.000056623867,0.008191141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995925,3.996888e-7,0.000029146962,0.00003213334,0.00007046428,0.00002230102,0.0000058473397,0.000008009581,0.0002392326],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879694,0.000037790116,0.00028219604,0.0003647382,0.00041284467,0.00010549932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992804,0.0000063600123,0.00018230066,0.00032583813,0.000117452226,0.00008763247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005684102,0.000074518386,0.00012015636,0.000031602638,0.00011643446,0.000038354552,0.000044112247,0.00003531478,0.000068613255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054877582,0.0000619063,0.000038511247,0.00016981404,0.000103565864,0.000066296874,0.000018073732,0.000046054258,0.000009908296],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000139147805,0.00009239778,0.0025528804,0.00003725194,0.000028073837,0.000010575209,0.00068064866,0.01180876,0.97437346,0.0052751787,0.0013132686,0.0038135771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006679784,0.00029430125,0.048664063,0.00011977754,0.00005936417,0.000050533414,0.0005177465,0.007056768,0.6311482,0.0028762633,0.3081558,0.000389156],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042560618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000046968224,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34322524,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015307736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039352788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25244656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3021643824","doi":"10.1002/er.5457","title":"Numerical and experimental study of transient conjugate heat transfer in helical closed‐loop geothermal heat exchangers for application of thermal energy storage in backfilled mine stopes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Geothermal energy; Heat transfer; Thermal; Geothermal heating; Computer simulation; Volumetric flow rate; Mechanics; Thermal energy storage; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.04566265468734913,"score_gpt":0.33579758869162035,"score_spread":0.2901349340042712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3021643824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946755,0.00054694107,0.0029019325,0.0011670871,0.00006835591,0.00023608291,0.000020015243,0.000005421626,0.00037862948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99927396,0.000060362818,0.000069928836,0.00010706966,0.00022138194,0.00017820572,0.000014506106,0.000033538945,0.00004106259],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99726313,0.0003489157,0.0009851317,0.00029787768,0.00082327815,0.0002816473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988905,0.00025839644,0.00007900335,0.00014390702,0.00046750173,0.0001606612],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058360543,0.00017570342,0.0005012616,0.00042653183,0.000035696532,0.000021172627,0.0004806257,0.00010593123,0.000091416885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034415636,0.00015440451,0.00012761318,0.00035110224,0.00013787611,0.00014151642,0.000050776398,0.00021240176,5.086533e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004256723,0.0034278247,0.0021259086,0.000041698506,0.00027928763,0.00004972699,0.0045497674,0.3460857,0.62094057,0.013244224,0.00003512628,0.004963431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.043903057,0.012661495,0.027883315,0.00046353784,0.000075269796,0.00013332695,0.0147215845,0.31392005,0.55867934,0.00029610033,0.026172692,0.0010902478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015756035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014858636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062261254,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010505459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000080675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907981},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3022287621","doi":"10.29121/ijetmr.v2.i2.2015.31","title":"THERMAL PERFORMANCES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNDERGROUND HEAT EXCHANGERS","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"ASHRAE 90.1; Heat pump; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Refrigerant; Geothermal energy; Air conditioning; Renewable heat; Geothermal gradient; Environmental economics; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Waste management; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Hybrid heat","score_opus":0.03860940113172255,"score_gpt":0.28867034476165565,"score_spread":0.2500609436299331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3022287621","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99172634,0.00086304254,0.0019578545,0.0034188563,0.000099609,0.00007524476,0.0000020507196,0.000035183224,0.0018218437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99751943,0.0017722866,0.000599459,0.0000059159347,0.00004454777,0.0000065316012,6.8866024e-7,0.0000061337073,0.00004501642],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992611,0.000008809852,0.00022595396,0.00006622856,0.0003404211,0.00009749276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996334,0.00004273224,0.000068488116,0.0000749094,0.000159652,0.000020842182],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015404349,0.000057379562,0.00012557996,0.00023852897,0.000015831261,0.000015672089,0.0003882143,0.0000334242,0.000014250174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033965145,0.000042410225,0.0000395654,0.00013338812,0.00006187265,0.000064581065,0.00019721259,0.0001181083,5.784975e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001374038,0.0001367228,0.0016644632,0.0005519747,0.0010388744,0.00003057482,0.00037093973,0.2846374,0.060505487,0.5482151,0.00034827343,0.102362804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0062465467,0.0036844502,0.061350007,0.0028713634,0.00021028919,0.00007654085,0.03489534,0.32896048,0.30969977,0.010708484,0.24013701,0.0011596935],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000094403185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000054766087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5375066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020044006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004821603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17294388},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3028433190","doi":"10.5194/cp-17-451-2021","title":"Long-term global ground heat flux and continental heat storage from geothermal data","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Climate of the past","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Climate change; Heat flux; Geothermal heating; Geothermal energy; Climatology; Thermal energy storage; Global warming; Earth science; Geology; Atmospheric sciences; Heat transfer; Geophysics; Oceanography; Mechanics; Physics","score_opus":0.020765121668748873,"score_gpt":0.25296906257568574,"score_spread":0.23220394090693686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3028433190","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907783,0.0007193495,0.000051315477,0.0008829674,0.00028881882,0.0000894881,0.0012550052,0.000033756656,0.005900976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982058,0.000041743617,0.00007270222,0.00014861807,0.00024583345,0.000009690888,0.0005297221,0.000021986261,0.0007239515],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896574,0.00007305416,0.00023420496,0.0003405752,0.00014899278,0.0002374319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987232,0.00003384885,0.000059503163,0.0010744039,0.000037483966,0.000071534996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008318565,0.00015111503,0.00023431361,0.000008651621,0.00015005343,0.00006257457,0.00045848728,0.000068484616,0.0004179127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008803859,0.00011543545,0.00006669381,0.00010879531,0.00012173115,0.000112399975,0.0006721295,0.00006919527,0.0000462366],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014818746,0.00080952037,0.75075066,0.0003442469,0.0006281681,0.00009534955,0.0005471209,0.010277792,0.19660352,0.0313907,0.0029269923,0.005477716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00099178,0.000016404992,0.9797847,0.00013677914,0.000099643774,0.00007889907,0.00024883036,0.0028988146,0.0017816497,0.0001301458,0.013583881,0.00024844467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063584573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028576269,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22903404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003004136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020012903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96121275},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3030824995","doi":"10.1186/s40517-020-0156-1","title":"Geothermal resource assessment of remote sedimentary basins with sparse data: lessons learned from Anticosti Island, Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Geology; Precambrian; Basement; Sedimentary rock; Geothermal gradient; Sedimentary basin; Structural basin; Geochemistry; Petrology; Earth science; Paleontology","score_opus":0.044302635018339614,"score_gpt":0.25889439143920434,"score_spread":0.21459175642086473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3030824995","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8055971,0.0009923624,0.031229774,0.046127137,0.0005834975,0.00069373124,0.008982774,0.0005823113,0.10521126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98827827,0.000043394553,0.0028053394,0.0051046163,0.0006503922,0.000018208302,0.0014486982,0.0001503856,0.0015006766],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969034,0.00018823399,0.000638683,0.00095834944,0.00069956697,0.0006117522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997549,0.00012179137,0.0004089326,0.0014627473,0.00008569734,0.00037186104],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014966953,0.000455116,0.00064118044,0.000056410507,0.00019144651,0.000048662725,0.0010690943,0.00014681512,0.0013644724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017704127,0.00039429538,0.00008565811,0.00038162596,0.0001400233,0.00019640547,0.0003203141,0.00026467664,0.000013750576],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046762652,0.00031170764,0.0018226302,0.000084963875,0.0011038957,0.00022825346,0.00044489797,0.8587838,0.020308966,0.02725556,0.009663884,0.07952386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015196789,0.000113097485,0.0048143896,0.00007659046,0.00011758743,0.000011241394,0.00034926797,0.14988162,0.001956525,0.00007169924,0.84056586,0.00052245747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.96054596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.80412203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.830902,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000104462975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000705221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3032055538","doi":"10.3390/en13112716","title":"Influence of Rotation Speed and Air Pressure on the Down the Hole Drilling Velocity for Borehole Heat Exchanger Installation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Drilling; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geology; Lithology; Marl; Rotational speed; Rotation (mathematics); Drill bit; Drill; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Petrology; Geomorphology; Geometry","score_opus":0.01981311423852224,"score_gpt":0.22869483591360554,"score_spread":0.2088817216750833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3032055538","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930951,0.00019219167,0.00018869944,0.0047583724,0.00001939415,0.00022668525,0.000015648677,0.000036447007,0.0014674572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878,0.000019813242,0.000107376516,0.0006385482,0.00013406156,0.00008490884,0.000012015014,0.000012464467,0.00021080102],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994502,0.000041643303,0.00015229397,0.00014139971,0.00012005896,0.00009440759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995119,0.00015993387,0.00007348963,0.00016497547,0.00006587341,0.000023815648],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011141317,0.00008789697,0.00010062554,0.000014867192,0.00017903584,0.000022090357,0.00011143664,0.0000430489,0.000011167851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057922665,0.00005144954,0.000035329052,0.000117783224,0.000064147134,0.000076708,0.000028224911,0.0000509368,0.000002562228],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017488783,0.00000616907,0.0000840681,0.000021564609,0.000019095629,4.0383803e-8,0.0015150014,0.9154573,0.016926605,0.06490395,0.00014383558,0.00090490293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091183465,0.00020937002,0.08457713,0.000116827985,0.000085805645,0.0000011828876,0.0028960297,0.3567257,0.12833577,0.0032990298,0.422456,0.000385356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014813297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012768543,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5587316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005283349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010854338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22393373},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033011650","doi":"10.3390/en13112895","title":"The Energy Performances of a Ground-to-Air Heat Exchanger: A Comparison Among Köppen Climatic Areas","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"HVAC; Heat exchanger; Airflow; Environmental science; Ventilation (architecture); Air conditioning; Geothermal energy; Meteorology; Geothermal gradient; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.02196374172388856,"score_gpt":0.24091323194496037,"score_spread":0.2189494902210718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033011650","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98168254,0.0010485579,0.00034423862,0.0021320619,0.00014508318,0.000120425604,0.0000068465174,0.00014687008,0.014373401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975171,0.000114108974,0.0001934004,0.00046907095,0.00028251926,0.000273428,0.000016676047,0.000034360928,0.0010993098],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855095,0.00008326401,0.00048800322,0.000261715,0.00028535657,0.00033068703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990714,0.00014326752,0.00014361345,0.0004016417,0.00008713434,0.00015290605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013100958,0.00020789761,0.00036478075,0.00005280879,0.00030616348,0.00005908605,0.00047345986,0.00006853518,0.00007466564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035219986,0.00014354856,0.000112359005,0.00048883836,0.0001373549,0.00012882736,0.00014117686,0.00008293149,0.0000540669],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006177065,0.000069980735,0.004070757,0.00008846532,0.00012653446,0.0000017646965,0.0045032077,0.8241038,0.0039775153,0.15089509,0.0029225857,0.00917855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007355026,0.0003783707,0.032407828,0.00017639522,0.00008084426,0.000006179461,0.009001558,0.14996576,0.025400685,0.0007214241,0.7804148,0.00071063126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01808959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00413103,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7774922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024665625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029335462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98844904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033509951","doi":"10.1139/er-2019-0069","title":"Geothermal energy resources: potential environmental impact and land reclamation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; University of Alberta","keywords":"Land reclamation; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Environmental protection; Geothermal gradient; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.011709510840951842,"score_gpt":0.2089746153323519,"score_spread":0.19726510449140006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033509951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98042125,0.015136355,0.0005371323,0.0005713705,0.000047983038,0.00031802236,0.00004868384,0.000063571955,0.0028556183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923961,0.005211429,0.00016445105,0.00083789486,0.00031572007,0.000085508735,0.0001429185,0.000045528785,0.0008004567],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986039,0.00014684485,0.00041280154,0.00039427608,0.00019310688,0.00024906243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930084,0.000014597209,0.0001847467,0.00025468564,2.835246e-7,0.0002448453],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001112022,0.00026088694,0.00032346635,0.000025223522,0.0001436564,0.00003976427,0.00015061126,0.000091839254,0.0014170709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005987723,0.00021111491,0.00016000017,0.000053594373,0.0000936074,0.00014259212,0.00008664557,0.00010291432,0.00056705467],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018538706,0.00046896038,0.02994994,0.00008553624,0.00024888432,0.00003831416,0.0025163444,0.009860689,0.37557843,0.00096388673,0.0030441757,0.57705945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004627576,0.0001000575,0.033521775,0.000019173463,0.000037126818,0.000029527673,0.000066677516,0.0038988735,0.00046674346,0.00004890502,0.9610655,0.00028288484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051826105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000016304823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95802134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007016571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000034642235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99949574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3035147496","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104602","title":"Modelling of soil solid thermal conductivity","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Alberta","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Soil water; Mean squared error; Soil science; Saturation (graph theory); Quartz; Thermal; Porosity; Materials science; Environmental science; Mineralogy; Geology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Physics; Statistics; Composite material","score_opus":0.08388281379906991,"score_gpt":0.2898161291007357,"score_spread":0.20593331530166575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3035147496","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9017181,0.00048612614,0.03826828,0.010085077,0.00006789952,0.00015583377,0.00003995074,0.000047010988,0.049131725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982609,0.00028139376,0.0010806399,0.00017408875,0.00004012213,0.00006130089,0.00003050022,0.000012359935,0.00005869252],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993201,0.00005707529,0.00028954298,0.00013625833,0.00010827066,0.00008874508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994688,0.00007986103,0.000015535632,0.00031623497,0.00007440425,0.000045166507],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009389265,0.000083930376,0.00014181958,0.000051922394,0.000055073513,0.00001494428,0.00041448892,0.000053502852,0.00007925622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007990161,0.00008293109,0.00004688747,0.00010673068,0.00010516193,0.00012026757,0.000047952683,0.00014199632,0.000005998145],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026611106,0.000088005094,0.0012241525,0.000015167005,0.000045452325,3.9766044e-7,0.0013688748,0.71110827,0.04371425,0.24120302,0.000004000074,0.0012018163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056977215,0.00002372973,0.0006605189,0.000034473323,0.000012285072,0.0000019435477,0.00023096283,0.96963924,0.007647631,0.0019373534,0.019100465,0.00014161468],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035343454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032883664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.258531,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014773182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018612425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53428966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036570846","doi":"10.3390/cleantechnol2020014","title":"Critical Review on Efficiency of Ground Heat Exchangers in Heat Pump Systems","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clean Technologies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research; Canadian Bureau for International Education","keywords":"Heat pump; Heat pipe; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Environmental science; Plate heat exchanger; Grout; Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Copper in heat exchangers; Air source heat pumps; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Plate fin heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.04130146144691966,"score_gpt":0.27123739540249014,"score_spread":0.2299359339555705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036570846","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8310853,0.07226367,0.00081684586,0.05153921,0.00047532705,0.0016900477,0.00004479387,0.003614949,0.038469817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975836,0.0017878345,0.00003552792,0.00034775632,0.000029195902,0.00014402925,0.0000037765903,0.000019953848,0.0000483048],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988571,0.00004285311,0.0003856567,0.00030288252,0.00016282396,0.00024871598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999341,0.00010083128,0.00003664595,0.00042868863,0.000054534285,0.00003831328],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012756739,0.00015170735,0.000383586,0.0000889266,0.00004500484,0.000016059426,0.0003792552,0.00014567355,0.000028079121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046768083,0.00012564503,0.00006200517,0.0006790522,0.00020243811,0.000050987925,0.00008671255,0.00017473685,0.00007715954],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003400689,0.0003669096,0.0002309969,0.0063081114,0.000037898848,0.00004338997,0.0004125353,0.02358946,0.013182027,0.89214367,0.0023388595,0.061312154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003947207,0.0048317923,0.0033522826,0.036761977,0.00028073567,0.00013562597,0.069488466,0.07152271,0.15289842,0.008447265,0.64398676,0.004346791],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017237036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005557413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8836964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040515104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013547414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5123656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3037307759","doi":"10.1115/1.4047599","title":"A Sustainable Trigeneration System for Residential Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Renewable energy; Heat pump; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Thermal energy storage; Photovoltaic system; Process engineering; Exergy efficiency; Waste management; Electricity; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.00884647362111869,"score_gpt":0.221717062303132,"score_spread":0.21287058868201333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3037307759","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2360865,0.0046123797,0.70900637,0.02531228,0.0003868811,0.0010017697,0.000026456111,0.00094442087,0.022622969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942605,0.000020990654,0.0021513028,0.00018142835,0.0012119401,0.00030254453,0.000007288131,0.000040016228,0.0018239737],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851125,0.00004593172,0.00072998996,0.0002213222,0.00019039909,0.0003011237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983472,0.000059232072,0.00067884155,0.00025628673,0.00052763073,0.00013080337],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019916757,0.00015616744,0.00037496173,0.00035200312,0.00024603214,0.00005492943,0.0005023285,0.00025555535,0.00002047577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008531851,0.0001376931,0.00018109543,0.00071738526,0.00007443883,0.000109865105,0.00006105953,0.00014994798,0.000007120058],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009941844,0.00004448543,0.000044434517,0.00008037396,0.000103204795,0.000014273081,0.00011555803,0.027211647,0.01720516,0.9483711,0.0012203872,0.0054899403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080257707,0.00027056635,0.000014383021,0.000020194868,0.00006437979,0.00010532418,0.0022111305,0.0020729334,0.019501591,0.0031682395,0.9716239,0.00014479153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003801636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000071235096,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9704035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008596569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077198696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5614962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3041548547","doi":"10.1007/s40948-020-00170-0","title":"Deep geothermal resource assessment of the St. Lawrence Lowlands sedimentary basin (Québec) based on 3D regional geological modelling","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Banting Research Foundation","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Sedimentary basin; Resource (disambiguation); Sedimentary rock; Structural basin; Geothermal exploration; Basement; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Earth science; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Archaeology; Geography","score_opus":0.01526499553864763,"score_gpt":0.21111696259879864,"score_spread":0.195851967060151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3041548547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8218887,0.0010881403,0.15952215,0.012442503,0.00020842819,0.00073694356,0.00033168038,0.00018878431,0.003592683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924351,0.000050671726,0.00077246496,0.005546005,0.00043168294,0.00014772211,0.000106383195,0.000050475293,0.0004595093],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978057,0.00011328155,0.00047710512,0.0006936411,0.00042236515,0.00048789685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99857986,0.00031790935,0.0003227079,0.00044500668,0.00010635419,0.00022818918],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021852678,0.00040761498,0.00049009966,0.000059776507,0.0005956828,0.00006934333,0.00040826632,0.00022021057,0.00007263838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012808765,0.0003023292,0.00021991953,0.00027134907,0.00015965603,0.00008193228,0.00020550299,0.00023798502,0.0000016227048],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015440959,0.00015326431,0.0003659747,0.00007799755,0.000094574,0.0000017658754,0.00032655968,0.8379077,0.00019129436,0.15583916,0.00019612256,0.0046911794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007899799,0.00032040282,0.00050592376,0.00005268642,0.000067103756,0.0000029571263,0.0002230519,0.7678997,0.00009734114,0.00573008,0.22400783,0.00030292495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015000235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00057174073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22381172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026607553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007725125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999429},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3043283587","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11711","title":"Observations from shallow geothermal modelling case studies in Canada and the UK","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Hydrogeology; Environmental science; Groundwater; Software deployment; Thermal; Urbanization; Environmental engineering; Groundwater flow; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Aquifer; Meteorology; Geophysics; Physics","score_opus":0.08465239369444799,"score_gpt":0.23718826601852316,"score_spread":0.15253587232407517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3043283587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929939,0.0004780528,0.0009169937,0.0036350333,0.000031895433,0.00009708508,0.000014110458,0.000019197048,0.0018137495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99711114,0.000038990223,0.0004703805,0.0019169595,0.00007755899,0.00006920521,0.0000047778185,0.000010126803,0.00030086213],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994244,0.00003699948,0.00019508315,0.00015459853,0.000074446776,0.000114498915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958354,0.0001750796,0.000035319874,0.00012886415,0.000026684897,0.00005051994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049977396,0.000084216226,0.0001504567,0.0000073211695,0.00010110413,0.000014741273,0.00007799586,0.00001903341,0.00009934447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014133862,0.00005427217,0.000018704177,0.0001060176,0.000044094093,0.000035072593,0.000038389204,0.00006585549,0.000003849887],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008165018,0.0000030703013,0.004691795,0.000004813616,0.00004445862,0.00007093184,0.00149927,0.9249489,0.00003760809,0.06839316,0.00010722411,0.00019060088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007712858,0.000002988786,0.0018593749,0.000009962697,0.000016028007,0.000022323873,0.006132526,0.98558325,0.000026852833,0.0012672206,0.004181263,0.00012693727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.998015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06712595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040862575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000078562516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22131549},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3047039983","doi":"10.3390/w12082222","title":"Impact of Standing Column Well Operation on Carbonate Scaling","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Clogging; Calcite; Groundwater; Environmental science; Calcium carbonate; Carbonate minerals; Scaling; Environmental engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Chemistry; Mineralogy; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.020909974908777034,"score_gpt":0.24997708201490593,"score_spread":0.2290671071061289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3047039983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97209954,0.00000658387,0.00010955761,0.000311664,0.00002907683,0.00006179594,0.0000054592815,0.00003093119,0.027345408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992175,0.0000011449653,0.000032371012,0.00010495627,0.00010157479,0.0000107162095,0.00001896565,0.000014361843,0.00049838616],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953455,0.00001933651,0.00014008662,0.00011244091,0.00008012706,0.00011348848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980253,0.0000060481484,0.000024098728,0.00009756895,0.000021070342,0.000048702997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000043667973,0.00006467277,0.00009872905,0.000017482267,0.000040897306,0.000020113313,0.000056598423,0.000033610606,0.0005126805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000025120821,0.000042034502,0.00005577048,0.000041630294,0.000009905827,0.000037791026,0.0000142005565,0.000038813694,0.00018444537],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003108725,0.000023946372,0.0011725998,0.000013192509,0.00003829062,0.0000014407113,0.0009926291,0.7170816,0.27323654,0.0068418863,0.00019278914,0.00037397083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019171761,0.00061097916,0.013914591,0.00008998878,0.000046978144,0.000004129656,0.0002837992,0.2500286,0.6266985,0.0005038828,0.10527712,0.00062425365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046382844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044808792,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.467053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025998645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000692287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70117295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3082336584","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2020.110282","title":"Optimization and energy-economic assessment of a geothermal heat pump system","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Coefficient of performance; Energy consumption; Environmental science; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Air source heat pumps; Thermal conductivity; Payback period; Environmental engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.012578842423913907,"score_gpt":0.2328260008596587,"score_spread":0.2202471584357448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3082336584","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.040942147,0.13777904,0.405844,0.0035699217,0.00041705626,0.0015194924,0.00006163233,0.0007726912,0.409094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97109187,0.015253517,0.0014000674,0.0005136493,0.00028479102,0.0003843868,0.00005641123,0.00007106934,0.0109442435],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980557,0.00018508114,0.0007262176,0.00048118745,0.000119526056,0.00043231898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903715,0.00004186838,0.00024713416,0.0003417229,0.00007979618,0.00025230934],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035334835,0.00029041056,0.0007611071,0.00008593602,0.00021829957,0.0000759149,0.00016444572,0.00013073717,0.00011425675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013959128,0.00025255364,0.00010959928,0.00024011596,0.00006845877,0.0002213619,0.00013946061,0.000057203375,0.0000019767854],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008419143,0.00001875489,0.00009216084,0.00067009387,0.000040565483,0.000005560283,0.000055414814,0.66291153,0.0005462881,0.33234587,0.0002569471,0.003048353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041078875,0.00008093854,0.00002152009,0.00010170962,0.00005353678,0.000016359376,0.0007302931,0.35803318,0.0004331588,0.00009969802,0.63977367,0.0002451371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.053063627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032859747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93014973,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011015465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011855919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999267},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083822084","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1231","title":"Combining Ground Source Heat Pump and Organic Rankine Cyle for Power and Heat","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Organic Rankine cycle; Degree Rankine; Heat pump; Environmental science; Process engineering; Power (physics); Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electricity generation; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Physics","score_opus":0.008070313835861825,"score_gpt":0.20048991560807278,"score_spread":0.19241960177221096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3083822084","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9655571,0.004027922,0.012916758,0.01517404,0.00033883468,0.0012020003,0.00007557527,0.0003841938,0.00032360465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981772,0.00001283442,0.0007491563,0.0005467262,0.000119679076,0.00020575117,0.000018328223,0.00007206119,0.00009830545],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987245,0.000015935972,0.00026189975,0.00037524573,0.00010131152,0.0005210791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990318,0.000048710874,0.000018046645,0.00016883097,0.000031443582,0.00070117414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014965718,0.00020083004,0.0002901238,0.000085470485,0.00008830507,0.000080472375,0.00014626436,0.00015141326,0.00010599021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000069207366,0.00021724383,0.000039067392,0.00022574434,0.00003389499,0.000070377915,0.00004931471,0.00017560548,0.000008772083],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025946187,0.00030244992,0.014970385,0.0018364395,0.0006309729,0.00020123467,0.00469418,0.12831493,0.02668085,0.77104414,0.0012490833,0.04981589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012337562,0.00017681957,0.0014088951,0.0000685143,0.000021678134,0.000028101224,0.000081184735,0.71036863,0.00042683686,0.00018852207,0.28555602,0.00044102065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06459403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.045313824,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7708556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008946006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060158014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9721067},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084043917","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.12","title":"Experimental Study of a Novel Caisson Based Thermal Energy Storage System for Ground Source Heat Pumps","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Caisson; Thermal energy storage; Heat pump; Thermal; Thermal energy; Energy storage; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.016338925453616118,"score_gpt":0.2240864793922906,"score_spread":0.20774755393867447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3084043917","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97178096,0.0006143701,0.024953403,0.00069017446,0.00032999646,0.0011316525,0.00010602312,0.00027796993,0.00011545888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970606,1.5488237e-7,0.0011916993,0.0001175328,0.00021431716,0.0012499772,0.000025752448,0.000099820245,0.000040129507],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981747,0.000037474674,0.00048916653,0.0004584461,0.00024432325,0.00059586135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987626,0.000053091957,0.000072568066,0.0004272375,0.000060328104,0.0006241401],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017430415,0.00027629544,0.00043529674,0.00015203166,0.000074644006,0.00004293002,0.0004904674,0.00016668945,0.0000439798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046039335,0.00029617452,0.00010845261,0.0003510929,0.000021990423,0.00006606726,0.000055235214,0.00014190054,0.0000033895572],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008011947,0.0007900016,0.0004211165,0.00025322454,0.00010216771,0.00002920952,0.00077761913,0.9557463,0.012390311,0.027704285,0.000035194058,0.0016704419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00185844,0.00049949414,0.00024080978,0.0000624631,0.000019875697,0.0000033467907,0.0006501614,0.9727942,0.0043257633,0.0000010055229,0.01922283,0.00032163563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.46590436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.072508305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39339605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038230352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014528165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084804237","doi":"","title":"Numerical Simulations of the Natural Thermal Regime and Enhanced Geothermal Systems in the St. Lawrence Lowlands Basin, Quebec, Canad","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Natural (archaeology); Structural basin; Thermal; Geomorphology; Meteorology; Geography; Geophysics; Paleontology","score_opus":0.012412238705574105,"score_gpt":0.23848979100725762,"score_spread":0.22607755230168353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3084804237","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98184365,0.00018810868,0.0000051377842,0.0011348653,0.00022001196,0.00022454683,0.000014589975,0.000022602033,0.01634651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99868494,0.0000038416424,0.000021364905,0.0001321488,0.00016355653,0.000037030422,0.000006286843,0.000020896949,0.0009299399],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858403,0.00015542087,0.0004189692,0.00025628824,0.00027936694,0.00030593737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998278,0.0003233816,0.00047840909,0.0007868491,0.00007848877,0.000054852426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003912337,0.00017655102,0.00023334139,0.00003041875,0.0005123614,0.00015785085,0.00067045324,0.00010199343,0.0000037699124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022730489,0.000107060616,0.00006261919,0.00009326739,0.00017002209,0.00014278469,0.000061420484,0.00025349602,0.0000047118574],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002578668,0.00010586842,0.04480905,0.00007930182,0.00005382866,0.000009674429,0.0018864926,0.9337099,0.008750754,0.008594516,0.00013501635,0.0018397849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004947192,0.000014992588,0.96276975,0.00028543337,0.000022011583,0.000012198526,0.00043315336,0.02687234,0.0010009444,0.00006307781,0.0077936477,0.00023774675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8557144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.38352737,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9179607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033612316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077886885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62772167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3087037734","doi":"10.3390/su12187772","title":"Hybrid CHP/Geothermal Borehole System for Multi-Family Building in Heating Dominated Climates","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Dayton","keywords":"Borehole; Heat pump; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Geothermal gradient; Heating system; Electric power; Geothermal heating; Engineering; Geothermal energy; Mechanical engineering; Power (physics); Geology; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.02022157980939104,"score_gpt":0.2758465608771403,"score_spread":0.2556249810677493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3087037734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890493,0.00014121541,0.007569684,0.00090108335,0.00007332505,0.0010887808,0.000043424323,0.00031808927,0.0008150852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99641937,8.9999776e-7,0.0023644448,0.00016164462,0.000151118,0.00071533455,0.0000276106,0.00005429037,0.000105281804],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979643,0.00014261798,0.0006076431,0.000567079,0.0001379731,0.00058038626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988192,0.00014635707,0.00014916406,0.00036606545,0.00036489617,0.00015437146],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056420977,0.00023913426,0.00040485,0.00006247036,0.00020273135,0.000056681754,0.00026556308,0.00009399341,0.000014755663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048545992,0.00023221812,0.00014145217,0.00031043225,0.00007254899,0.00013596221,0.0000887739,0.00015221401,0.000008615143],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000616691,0.00069959514,0.04606724,0.0075347982,0.00012104401,0.00007692559,0.004453239,0.50148976,0.035554864,0.37683776,0.00013602052,0.02641208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048590815,0.00019853786,0.044868194,0.00017003763,0.000043396605,0.0000102936765,0.014817441,0.88961303,0.016848225,0.0022140215,0.025417112,0.00094065344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009385359,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013310908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38812327,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006265326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015013119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972112},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089142108","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2020-0208","title":"Experimental modelling of seasonal thermal energy storage within unconfined aquifer (ATES)","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Aquifer; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Energy storage; Thermal; Extraction (chemistry); Petroleum engineering; Groundwater; Geology; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.024736908689937838,"score_gpt":0.21514163485329843,"score_spread":0.1904047261633606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3089142108","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87927705,0.0015421149,0.09851457,0.007563107,0.0004753321,0.00023369801,0.00009624996,0.00019894824,0.012098922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99700916,0.0000051408892,0.0005954704,0.0015077278,0.0005409167,0.000016955399,0.000012534515,0.000048346195,0.00026375643],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834,0.00008179953,0.0005582018,0.00026312296,0.0003095099,0.00044737515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981871,0.000029047334,0.0002111042,0.00022529787,0.00010887896,0.0012385196],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017415632,0.00021533392,0.00031386607,0.0001018726,0.00021001956,0.000058680904,0.0004458745,0.00020542114,0.0013047757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022558062,0.00019830074,0.00018770382,0.0002598375,0.00010650959,0.00011050431,0.00003882445,0.00040907474,0.000031782245],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027912385,0.000026824937,0.000016238982,0.000004312418,0.000046525573,0.00005932071,0.00018808266,0.9295185,0.022541385,0.046426218,0.00045613153,0.000688516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008125774,0.00017948687,0.00010049851,0.000053524454,0.000029744291,0.00017391135,0.00038046754,0.8828136,0.017946256,0.0004578113,0.09661792,0.00043423777],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09989885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038660432,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1177321,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015932147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005527426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99960816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089180151","doi":"","title":"Solar Thermal Geothermal Hybrid System With a Bottoming Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Organic Rankine cycle; Degree Rankine; Supercritical fluid; Rankine cycle; Environmental science; Waste management; Process engineering; Petroleum engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Waste heat; Heat exchanger; Physics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.006740506734539885,"score_gpt":0.15449089896289842,"score_spread":0.14775039222835853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3089180151","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9673038,0.00003086291,0.005055956,0.000111658635,0.00016794275,0.0003935487,0.0005905931,0.00026757727,0.026078047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981089,0.0000018476342,0.0003001685,0.0000128073025,0.0000978025,2.9239104e-7,0.00010580419,0.000068976784,0.001303366],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99761695,0.00008825229,0.0003166924,0.00067718036,0.0006492757,0.0006516624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99804205,0.00010937185,0.00022286072,0.000950845,0.0003401898,0.00033467362],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018538746,0.00044557077,0.0008773901,0.00031423662,0.0005176764,0.000061064085,0.0010815245,0.00021608779,0.00069187477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011296387,0.00052657793,0.0003953443,0.00058087177,0.0005955198,0.00088747084,0.00041457,0.00038218632,0.0005042184],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.012576856,0.002134495,0.447037,0.0043678135,0.0066520534,0.0022545387,0.116219774,0.14175469,0.037672166,0.22301209,0.00046451777,0.005853985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.036316168,0.0026686972,0.1697599,0.0029258232,0.0022422082,0.0003863,0.6809733,0.06329006,0.004885227,0.00020686227,0.029558372,0.0067871055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033568249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033850217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5647535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016780655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017081285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089796298","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu21-589","title":"Long-Term Global Ground Heat Flux and Continental Heat Storage from Geothermal Data","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Climate change; Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Heat flux; Continental shelf; Permafrost; Climatology; Geothermal heating; Global warming; Geothermal energy; Earth science; Geology; Atmospheric sciences; Heat transfer; Geophysics; Oceanography; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.022549682388619492,"score_gpt":0.2562462090281476,"score_spread":0.2336965266395281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3089796298","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97318006,0.0011496439,0.0010915681,0.0008159047,0.00021223977,0.0000911217,0.00043908702,0.0001199999,0.022900391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98832273,0.000024810564,0.0003250714,0.0005212448,0.00038457676,0.000016578517,0.0017577187,0.000026599433,0.008620686],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986858,0.000059843314,0.00023084242,0.0005747058,0.0001743936,0.00027446484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987652,0.0000370834,0.000024514244,0.0009778099,0.000041130625,0.00015429239],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006567401,0.00019656202,0.0002479047,0.000012681619,0.00013458167,0.0001517713,0.0003107485,0.00010237713,0.0031445231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008280386,0.00017803666,0.000046819714,0.000119615,0.00006888306,0.00023503543,0.00036907484,0.00007598312,0.00018407378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023132331,0.0019594184,0.42496762,0.00021157916,0.0018872706,0.0012978573,0.0007877971,0.013768824,0.20656508,0.2724016,0.021725805,0.054195818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025431605,0.00003864405,0.82205904,0.00007395553,0.00011324445,0.00026772736,0.00044466942,0.01391805,0.0024274497,0.00033630792,0.15699396,0.0007837874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05309155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020034464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39709142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042808526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040553427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3089965263","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11511","title":"A Net Present Value-at-Risk Objective Function for Uncertainty Mitigation in the Design of Hybrid Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Sizing; Net present value; Financial engineering; Monte Carlo method; Computer science; Expected shortfall; CVAR; Reliability engineering; Mathematical optimization; Risk analysis (engineering); Risk management; Engineering; Production (economics); Mathematics; Economics","score_opus":0.023039080350250752,"score_gpt":0.2293694721953835,"score_spread":0.20633039184513274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3089965263","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7587975,0.00023081977,0.23416242,0.0012548936,0.00019527478,0.0027538957,0.000048999478,0.00010856499,0.0024475905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977066,0.000010969098,0.00011996993,0.00020982763,0.0002417703,0.0013065767,0.0000718101,0.000021903614,0.0003105596],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986254,0.00024268788,0.00041360225,0.00029176695,0.00022637182,0.00020018664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903876,0.0003889586,0.00015002272,0.00025852732,0.000108714994,0.000054994896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045048914,0.00015048879,0.00023608528,0.00003998587,0.00013337287,0.00003697911,0.00017175471,0.000052598338,0.00004600769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056614103,0.00010370021,0.000094576004,0.00024601346,0.0000354638,0.0000859912,0.000023558914,0.000078473626,0.000016789083],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015950495,0.000048236907,0.00010663584,0.000050086022,0.000054151653,4.0671097e-7,0.0006284721,0.9594222,0.005126094,0.0339281,0.0003268937,0.0001492707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007909748,0.00022113544,0.001367635,0.00001985496,0.000050006238,0.0000041230596,0.0017016127,0.98883504,0.0016820416,0.0011540807,0.004049357,0.00012412283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08953728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007461261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23890907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009511959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038089638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9165256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3090871492","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2020-0118","title":"Geotechnical considerations in the design of borehole heat exchangers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation; Tsinghua University","keywords":"Borehole; Parametric statistics; Heat exchanger; Geotechnical engineering; Settlement (finance); Engineering; Heat pump; Environmental science; Civil engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.04413924422093501,"score_gpt":0.23853679471229033,"score_spread":0.19439755049135532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3090871492","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11383482,0.0037437931,0.2366153,0.6210653,0.0006696114,0.0035529258,0.0002375405,0.00045317208,0.019827515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99315757,0.000027947253,0.0006865505,0.0058025518,0.00023247759,0.000047670288,0.000004148774,0.000020264079,0.000020830044],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842477,0.00023228893,0.0005243285,0.0001889088,0.00023985872,0.00038983053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883425,0.00021378286,0.000082254846,0.0002839405,0.00007743294,0.0005083199],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057293667,0.00014103358,0.00024222473,0.00013486997,0.0002140428,0.00006600637,0.0004224798,0.0001898775,0.00047935636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029609597,0.00010705142,0.00011358116,0.0004376963,0.00014027208,0.000076513315,0.000021977326,0.0006399872,0.00003734155],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007763303,0.00003198129,0.000036244706,0.000005999972,0.000018232498,0.00014200687,0.0003584646,0.9354131,0.0021077737,0.05115035,0.009876602,0.00085144833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020774684,0.00061755517,0.008577672,0.00017297032,0.00010148495,0.0022143342,0.0017174322,0.23281515,0.0011648801,0.022341514,0.7272265,0.00097302854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07020948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016300244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87932277,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011354876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046593518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93598205},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3093352223","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20952","title":"Experimental and numerical performance assessment of standing column well operating strategies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geothermal heating; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal energy; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.022114837685419244,"score_gpt":0.28027607629775625,"score_spread":0.25816123861233703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3093352223","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8664245,0.000048263817,0.0062724873,0.00013706245,0.000015347354,0.00006594562,0.000001343578,0.00003722271,0.12699783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969848,0.0000026739467,0.002621103,0.000088309826,0.0000434329,0.0000248031,0.0000027765007,0.000009341168,0.00022277844],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999486,0.00001586314,0.00017514192,0.00013181813,0.000095615054,0.00009550797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997994,0.000013504591,0.000043737455,0.00006751962,0.00001637801,0.00005947703],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000037019956,0.00007073701,0.000123937,0.0000093543495,0.00007793458,0.00004269809,0.000057053163,0.000023501063,0.0004807472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014043469,0.000060825587,0.000017477627,0.00007243998,0.000026822954,0.0001169496,0.000037150705,0.000043623924,0.0000062944755],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062502836,0.0000670741,0.0074707973,0.00006434547,0.000032004016,0.0000010447244,0.00096265716,0.092277765,0.50645435,0.3918695,0.00010801161,0.0006862014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069217035,0.0003553746,0.012398376,0.000032034826,0.00000947316,0.000005498477,0.01612984,0.8182425,0.13969238,0.00002104725,0.012148127,0.00027321506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010032699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000062512295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7259647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013054974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025812546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5263845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3093689530","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2020-0437","title":"Cyclic thermomechanical response of fine-grained soil−concrete interface for energy piles applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Geotechnical engineering; Stiffness; Materials science; Shear (geology); Direct shear test; Thermal; Failure mechanism; Geology; Composite material","score_opus":0.017398498599480554,"score_gpt":0.23591767785991025,"score_spread":0.21851917926042969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3093689530","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09063812,0.0011790456,0.8502315,0.053547475,0.00024677903,0.0010874686,0.000535536,0.00032384417,0.002210178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99632466,0.00002229483,0.0010643791,0.0014164789,0.00047197632,0.0002779129,0.00001858674,0.00005947118,0.00034422002],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981377,0.00015005164,0.00070128095,0.00032608703,0.00018908449,0.00049577345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977674,0.00029590022,0.00026443874,0.00038651857,0.00019432548,0.0010914073],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004270199,0.00021843007,0.00038271092,0.00015766604,0.000256458,0.000053397474,0.00067439326,0.00026690133,0.00028540008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030062124,0.00020296368,0.00028934458,0.0003857549,0.00011874532,0.00006925693,0.00004898373,0.00033057833,0.000029327372],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010125409,0.00004396398,0.00001798873,0.00006658301,0.00028671307,0.000030209403,0.00024602938,0.110030785,0.4509009,0.39013568,0.0109185865,0.036310013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010897048,0.00039356042,0.00015689716,0.000058117534,0.000062390944,0.00013827517,0.00013843658,0.037843708,0.014657634,0.0055320337,0.93951136,0.00041785653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022693643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008989471,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9285928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001394193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005132888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9838143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3095659898","doi":"10.3390/en13215680","title":"Analysis of Retrofit Solutions of a Ground Source Heat Pump System: An Italian Case Study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Hybrid heat; Sizing; Work (physics); Air source heat pumps; Thermal; Environmental science; Heat sink; Passive cooling; Engineering; Meteorology; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.03639150455557898,"score_gpt":0.25645298313870113,"score_spread":0.22006147858312214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3095659898","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970656,0.00012118295,0.0005136577,0.0000886582,0.00003837819,0.00012440592,0.000041014446,0.000121839934,0.0018852826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993071,0.0000016085671,0.00006990736,0.000024772648,0.00008601278,0.00006760461,0.00003179873,0.000025406785,0.00038580882],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985607,0.0001589256,0.0005415455,0.00030403637,0.00023322889,0.00020152055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989492,0.000048004727,0.00016802373,0.00056117837,0.00014672166,0.00012684296],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016602184,0.00016012053,0.00052525924,0.0001900657,0.00015259972,0.000024777328,0.00022059387,0.00006725612,0.000076963166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021336236,0.00014669557,0.0001855879,0.0014707078,0.00007411246,0.000116264906,0.00007464684,0.000061321276,0.0000064845026],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011938992,0.00020167693,0.0032830485,0.000062113155,0.0011056648,0.000052909618,0.005608694,0.9575988,0.0050128475,0.026830688,0.000019460242,0.00021217487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00187434,0.0012619019,0.02483827,0.0000858857,0.0063768937,0.0002281316,0.42196038,0.53051025,0.004199851,0.00003794565,0.0075638155,0.0010623104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18368508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010705948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42708853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032033244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028128106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8217508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3096060094","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2020.10.074","title":"A successive flux estimation method for rapid g-function construction of small to large-scale ground heat exchanger","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development","keywords":"Convolution (computer science); Heat exchanger; Transfer function; Computation; Function (biology); Applied mathematics; Convergence (economics); Flux (metallurgy); Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Heat flux; Mathematics; Computer science; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Physics; Engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.02008560527243032,"score_gpt":0.2501221927843553,"score_spread":0.23003658751192502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3096060094","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008618203,0.00015235036,0.98520607,0.00073512096,0.00025410936,0.00023605033,0.000046363286,0.00012378045,0.0046279817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7604887,0.000028469425,0.22781861,0.0021336186,0.0012139453,0.0014065605,0.0006554403,0.00013704093,0.006117594],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985553,0.00009592054,0.00043288854,0.00043568545,0.00016966285,0.00031052605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902505,0.00012651758,0.00016449946,0.00028522612,0.00020479142,0.0001939217],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018343535,0.00020666889,0.00035774586,0.00011229624,0.00015751216,0.000035939498,0.00015680434,0.00015394244,0.0003283801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006104487,0.00020474331,0.00014158938,0.0004962886,0.000024089975,0.00013306011,0.000048390728,0.000044524684,0.000014298636],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113701426,0.00004553357,0.000011028597,0.00007254793,0.000056651745,2.956971e-7,0.0003080999,0.8880244,0.05965021,0.03372724,0.000562977,0.017427329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088206073,0.000281131,0.000073488496,0.000043073993,0.000079220736,0.0000048826646,0.0004890458,0.630171,0.08142024,0.0025677173,0.2837131,0.0002750087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04302081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0047582295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7573874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054083706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051452247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9633518},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3096540012","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2020-0353","title":"Effect of nearby piles and soil properties on thermal behaviour of a field-scale energy pile","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; Australian Government; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal; Materials science; Thermal conductivity; Thermal energy; Modulus; Field (mathematics); Thermal expansion; Composite material; Geology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.009962351238816397,"score_gpt":0.19999975155579627,"score_spread":0.19003740031697988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3096540012","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99534225,0.00027593147,0.00013343389,0.0020424528,0.00004330693,0.00007694951,0.000015263771,0.000020476376,0.002049937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99909765,0.000023478704,0.000022627173,0.00056161796,0.00016154481,0.00001738352,0.000001989143,0.0000209202,0.00009281153],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899536,0.000105802945,0.00034192624,0.00015465931,0.00015970752,0.0002425636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990969,0.00006658782,0.00013372437,0.00016650706,0.000056081666,0.00048023506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016083717,0.00013645546,0.00029338733,0.00007807486,0.00010416528,0.000023074717,0.00021743833,0.00015386505,0.00016119979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006111374,0.000102501624,0.00010816189,0.00012556325,0.00009815239,0.000042986096,0.000028041299,0.0002579238,0.000004402806],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010669559,0.00025488762,0.0066307164,0.0004062382,0.00032853967,0.00018637377,0.0012144388,0.34782872,0.36029834,0.033986107,0.005937283,0.24186142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037904195,0.010851243,0.010031582,0.00088866625,0.0003050876,0.00037095096,0.00040505943,0.042255014,0.7933345,0.00035966592,0.13618048,0.0012273717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11926711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011070449,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43303615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029682504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013808694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88659775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3096712958","doi":"10.1080/19401493.2020.1838612","title":"Fluid temperature predictions of geothermal borefields using load estimations via state observers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Performance Simulation","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","keywords":"Kalman filter; Geothermal gradient; Superposition principle; Estimator; Cooling load; Mathematics; Function (biology); Applied mathematics; Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Engineering; Statistics; Geology; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.026056905224529706,"score_gpt":0.2644020570706469,"score_spread":0.2383451518461172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3096712958","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9474409,0.00012671568,0.051755596,0.000238834,0.0001646656,0.00008587418,0.0000080424525,0.000027993898,0.00015135166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99509305,0.00002965236,0.004415605,0.000086456006,0.00031360675,0.0000022712309,0.0000041799944,0.000022767954,0.00003243667],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986394,0.000035400873,0.00069514423,0.00011527796,0.00035703808,0.00015771767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986334,0.000055145993,0.00060499593,0.00014082647,0.00046048098,0.00010516265],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020399566,0.00013211083,0.00024225797,0.00010028222,0.00017064254,0.000029899147,0.00015749066,0.0000968235,0.00006380666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056799723,0.000118829055,0.00012219972,0.00038255178,0.000035461933,0.000580418,0.000021435899,0.00021743966,0.0000028417655],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000476308,0.00002668803,0.001653227,0.00005523371,0.00004690983,7.776722e-7,0.0004881195,0.89795315,0.09777964,0.00017805028,0.000015018612,0.0017555277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050425605,0.0001312739,0.0075262366,0.00012785543,0.000051345894,0.00001434149,0.000050082344,0.9798418,0.009575188,0.000041729978,0.00202521,0.00011062164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001657356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008850011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08820445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009519161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012616659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48457083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097709813","doi":"10.32438/wpe.2820","title":"Seasonal performance of a hybrid thermal energy system (geo-exchange and solar thermal) at Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT)-Part 1","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Thermal; Fossil fuel; Solar energy; Environmental science; Meteorology; Heat exchanger; Thermal energy; Process engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Atmospheric sciences; Waste management; Geography; Geology; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.009101224888612841,"score_gpt":0.18704482315426207,"score_spread":0.17794359826564923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3097709813","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98311037,0.000783908,0.00007765341,0.0005496623,0.00009893942,0.00013816053,0.000020501311,0.00013455428,0.01508627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99820775,0.00019160347,0.00013173642,0.00013255593,0.00020700648,0.00027771565,0.000024156938,0.00007158958,0.0007558938],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99773026,0.000019816964,0.00078878086,0.00060737494,0.00035476868,0.000499025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987867,0.000027057667,0.0005244864,0.0002661003,0.00023563986,0.00016002635],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015921993,0.00038686392,0.0006723151,0.00026137716,0.00012875383,0.000016963146,0.00054970064,0.00023007902,0.00005561151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033336535,0.00036077306,0.000116525225,0.0007461446,0.00032016926,0.00025102196,0.0003964934,0.00018438954,0.00000742741],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007001126,0.0005099536,0.12736365,0.0028312176,0.00052107143,0.00003060511,0.0016600523,0.03457103,0.32564533,0.44034815,0.0002886332,0.0655302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027687869,0.0007095271,0.003758923,0.0011817771,0.00011202572,0.0001722333,0.0008539347,0.096043386,0.41482955,0.0001178583,0.47835273,0.0010992589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010479906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019628503,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4780641,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113084745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000064227934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3098570202","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.020","title":"Effects of temperature-dependent property variations on the output capacity prediction of a deep coaxial borehole heat exchanger","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Borehole; Volumetric heat capacity; Heat exchanger; Thermal diffusivity; Heat capacity; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Thermal conduction; Coaxial; Thermal conductivity; Geothermal gradient; Heat transfer coefficient; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.016652016221676398,"score_gpt":0.19172548287155955,"score_spread":0.17507346664988316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3098570202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8201357,0.0014183405,0.062147584,0.008942801,0.0016928951,0.0022254775,0.00047763088,0.0007678684,0.10219169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99651104,0.000034662844,0.000097161406,0.0004545678,0.00039984015,0.00028092897,0.000033943576,0.000035602945,0.0021522243],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.998567,0.00019025813,0.00037898705,0.00030109947,0.00034586867,0.00021678768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908984,0.0001425185,0.0001487689,0.0003779533,0.00013200805,0.00010892119],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012805156,0.00019278054,0.00030984107,0.000054058706,0.00014497242,0.00002003772,0.00024396494,0.0001514834,0.00009721765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009172969,0.0001145029,0.00012424751,0.0003444296,0.00006460777,0.00006653107,0.000052500956,0.00010333066,0.000007739153],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040861658,0.00017176919,0.000033007604,0.000083292354,0.00008926164,0.0000010614687,0.00046544347,0.64302826,0.32771796,0.027099133,0.0008511571,0.000418766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010380421,0.00041615334,0.001034263,0.00011319415,0.00009608071,0.0000043044306,0.00014754666,0.079608746,0.8454223,0.000642591,0.07122487,0.00025190815],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08328995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019901486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5634195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042516513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047982114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9228145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3098588866","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202020505010","title":"Investigation of the effects of heat loss through below-grade envelope of buildings in urban areas on thermo-mechanical behaviour of geothermal piles","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Cooling load; Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Building envelope; Foundation (evidence); Heat generation; Environmental science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Thermal; Geology; Air conditioning; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.022505515322752065,"score_gpt":0.23058074491511307,"score_spread":0.20807522959236102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3098588866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99692273,0.00012837004,0.000038582377,0.00052960485,0.0000568999,0.00024566473,0.000025198948,0.000010593458,0.0020423473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996956,0.00003140304,0.000106215564,0.000059573187,0.000031064996,0.000028242534,0.000005894177,0.000014563038,0.000027457705],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985168,0.00015576185,0.0006670072,0.00020004754,0.00032523458,0.00013512284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988661,0.0002212554,0.0004809018,0.00027240498,0.00011576229,0.000043568994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013909,0.00015697624,0.00049569306,0.000051078994,0.000022030681,0.000003740494,0.00041458817,0.000121248224,0.00007211315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008704341,0.000111886344,0.00012582535,0.00031045143,0.00033498995,0.000058183192,0.000061977924,0.00011167843,8.419418e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006312669,0.00015278441,0.12559818,0.0004149649,0.00006637032,5.8341146e-7,0.0023989708,0.0021655362,0.5047532,0.36382726,0.000035284214,0.0005237815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006054365,0.00030641508,0.16992891,0.00060231343,0.000036424557,5.52981e-7,0.00029462628,0.0005264504,0.8255133,0.001762948,0.00031333158,0.00010928374],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010804931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00042425044,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36206433,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000884366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002453409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3101657471","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202020504006","title":"Effective thermal conductivity of unsaturated soils based on deep learning algorithm","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Saturation (graph theory); Artificial neural network; Porosity; Nonlinear system; Thermal; Soil science; Degree of saturation; Algorithm; Computer science; Soil water; Materials science; Artificial intelligence; Biological system; Mathematics; Environmental science; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.01787563113569461,"score_gpt":0.2359832530069223,"score_spread":0.21810762187122767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3101657471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91740596,0.00007093575,0.0026377633,0.0004329285,0.00008124287,0.00023360286,0.000018570014,0.00008882712,0.07903016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994694,0.0000027853914,0.00023715342,0.000071447364,0.0000750517,0.000038289734,0.000017727953,0.00001218207,0.000075947406],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990034,0.00020510193,0.00024077388,0.00021370585,0.00019607082,0.0001409602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991707,0.00023921572,0.00023590788,0.00013702943,0.0001488836,0.00006825201],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012572607,0.00014081197,0.0003191018,0.000044984583,0.000053943833,0.000013150349,0.0001638154,0.000084404404,0.0004670768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000071052295,0.00011315144,0.00008262551,0.00021761446,0.00012306285,0.000054708464,0.000018340252,0.00015732445,0.00002011731],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019462768,0.00027977058,0.007708561,0.00014437977,0.00024861362,0.000004553058,0.001008329,0.41575596,0.24100037,0.079973996,0.000037007067,0.25364384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012877507,0.0008215782,0.03523337,0.00011310775,0.000040375777,6.626334e-7,0.00074038154,0.7114151,0.23651062,0.00022718859,0.013272869,0.0003369932],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023034983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008475134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29565915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007389914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017263644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5114164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110907495","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101979","title":"Sustainability, climate resiliency, and mitigation capacity of geothermal heat pump systems in cold regions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.015560205466545256,"score_gpt":0.22662140781038492,"score_spread":0.21106120234383965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3110907495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993799,0.0002202925,0.00023424928,0.0019293256,0.000053164284,0.0004741578,0.000045306828,0.00007902441,0.0031655165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99929136,0.000056655415,0.00005311449,0.00020601181,0.00008874884,0.00010019039,0.00000950287,0.000037611226,0.00015682506],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845135,0.00013803139,0.00052247115,0.00035810698,0.00017755917,0.00035249602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999177,0.00007367408,0.000137205,0.00034885877,0.00012650389,0.00013680293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026209402,0.00018197784,0.00033934056,0.00007210526,0.000091539114,0.00003220479,0.00018276642,0.0001478228,0.000026086496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006155943,0.000181249,0.000061426,0.00034363588,0.00018184466,0.00012202087,0.00006655129,0.000140658,0.000010021958],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051601,0.00012364921,0.012556542,0.0006467098,0.000028109635,0.000007015804,0.002275702,0.34535262,0.034054726,0.6043603,0.000062860374,0.00048018558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006458064,0.00073043903,0.10646353,0.00073813467,0.00016806442,0.00010406327,0.0147996815,0.6986005,0.0218109,0.015388544,0.13221219,0.0025259338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022544775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012649669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58897173,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008293373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006147031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9839642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110925263","doi":"10.3390/app10238689","title":"Dynamic and Static Investigation of Ground Heat Exchangers Equipped with Internal and External Fins","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Curvature; Mechanics; Inlet; Materials science; Thermal; Heat pipe; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.02221277888697618,"score_gpt":0.2327425036114348,"score_spread":0.21052972472445863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3110925263","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994667,0.00007288521,0.0021621392,0.00062134065,0.000010874468,0.00008692932,0.0000025461434,0.000018234268,0.002358066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975622,0.000012173437,0.0020489641,0.00028955072,0.000015561907,0.00002428284,0.0000016148601,0.0000054619973,0.000040162096],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993836,0.000012993979,0.00012969563,0.00020803366,0.0001541169,0.00011153321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997458,0.00003744529,0.00005973685,0.00005677912,0.000013847973,0.00008638031],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010394409,0.000076386284,0.000108185624,0.000032711054,0.00009590715,0.000045266785,0.00009989088,0.000019659923,0.000019315039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000038804997,0.00005630208,0.0000068851305,0.00021645469,0.00043359245,0.0000828184,0.000035196288,0.000037374826,0.00000225539],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000832188,0.000027960536,0.012153088,0.00021805981,0.00004836118,0.0000034440586,0.013648885,0.026167521,0.7045987,0.22805727,0.000032668562,0.0149608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004717217,0.0021450974,0.25045255,0.0005413738,0.00015568912,0.00010204113,0.018803935,0.63815016,0.04199683,0.03788996,0.0034414644,0.0016036872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002085303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047455795,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6626019,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000061705978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023246288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31523684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112084114","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch1","title":"Introduction to Geothermal Energy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Key (lock); Sustainability; Energy (signal processing); Range (aeronautics); Engineering; Computer science; Environmental science; Systems engineering; Geology; Physics; Computer security; Geophysics; Ecology; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.006665530257689413,"score_gpt":0.21339476243718472,"score_spread":0.20672923217949532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3112084114","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000052760097,0.0008911845,0.0075135846,0.0033034587,0.002260667,0.00022867037,0.00019945322,0.0016200363,0.9839302],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0040076273,0.00024385183,0.00035701203,0.0025302481,0.024885867,0.00084207836,0.00023346518,0.0024236345,0.9644762],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99519557,0.00022959543,0.0008403381,0.001664045,0.0007013743,0.0013690991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99657357,0.00005435637,0.0005758949,0.0020653617,0.00011928205,0.0006115169],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018490301,0.001166856,0.001049869,0.00085223786,0.00020175194,0.0001082364,0.0010736338,0.0009973281,0.084899336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002409261,0.0009828343,0.0004287128,0.00052398397,0.00018681954,0.00012228245,0.0002566746,0.00022611525,0.0076049305],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043326134,0.00010036085,0.0000037242814,0.000026834985,0.00025487316,0.000016246458,0.00002637703,0.0052592307,0.0028942912,0.33553666,0.60288215,0.052955948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00065184187,0.00007685265,0.000034432032,0.00015639835,0.00006243331,0.000043860222,0.000017485792,0.00018987316,0.0010124911,0.0005733866,0.9958845,0.0012964659],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.101561375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0118098315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39300236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021031646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001377916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992622},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112751983","doi":"10.3390/su122410613","title":"Earth–Air Heat Exchanger Geo-Climatic Suitability for Projected Climate Change Scenarios in the Americas","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Representative Concentration Pathways; Environmental science; Climate change; Climatology; Climate model; Heat exchanger; Global warming; General Circulation Model; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Geology; Biology","score_opus":0.035823032685480816,"score_gpt":0.2890671067789523,"score_spread":0.2532440740934715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3112751983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9566459,0.00011844152,0.00032553557,0.03652092,0.00006169889,0.004850576,0.000052212286,0.0002212529,0.0012034358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921953,0.0000062856784,0.00018105256,0.0019965027,0.0002527091,0.005241587,0.000045560035,0.00003405965,0.000046907615],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974715,0.00040726585,0.000519149,0.0006077591,0.00024123251,0.00075308833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982714,0.0003325013,0.00009824672,0.0007808433,0.0003897915,0.00012720631],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096711935,0.0002623912,0.00039854928,0.000052485742,0.00025292585,0.000048378726,0.00040222306,0.00011994098,0.00010319742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00086919486,0.0001906793,0.00018469819,0.0007937479,0.00017205178,0.00017369971,0.000117349344,0.00021353507,0.000026989203],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020262303,0.0054262653,0.2842783,0.016656369,0.0002120439,0.00007785061,0.19998431,0.035586353,0.002016587,0.35843307,0.0012271861,0.09407541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029436408,0.0008706979,0.6806553,0.00006573859,0.000104492545,0.000012542781,0.03951347,0.070017904,0.000283079,0.014877341,0.18938172,0.0012740598],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011937159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002787351,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.396377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023137855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011324954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99464244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112867511","doi":"","title":"GEOTERMIA DE BAJA ENTALPÍA EN SUELOS LOÉSSICOS: EFICIENCIA, CONDUCTIVIDAD TÉRMICA Y CONFIGURACIONES","year":2019,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Encuentro Internacional de Educación en Ingeniería","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Physics; Political science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.005753583312392309,"score_gpt":0.2519013054451414,"score_spread":0.24614772213274907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3112867511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97724277,0.0012976362,0.0006914597,0.0038515874,0.0031518296,0.00071188237,0.00025025956,0.00021441685,0.012588159],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97564703,0.00021825093,0.00048041416,0.0009405699,0.002760531,0.0003132057,0.00015908373,0.00018778112,0.019293156],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99434495,0.000729012,0.001152727,0.0012972124,0.0008535691,0.001622557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967317,0.0006597698,0.00058087066,0.0011349496,0.0002476725,0.0006450524],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008895976,0.0009352518,0.00091909245,0.0004213855,0.00046416896,0.00034156936,0.0015496092,0.00071640796,0.00806316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023053477,0.0009550363,0.00066271523,0.00041485162,0.00027424353,0.00047896587,0.00048485262,0.0010757323,0.0050583184],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034083377,0.0018715682,0.05939865,0.00054056785,0.0014137574,0.00014460445,0.016841393,0.02398905,0.3675337,0.5147937,0.003045741,0.0100864135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00235251,0.00039322206,0.06740353,0.0011312856,0.00032810814,0.0009538294,0.005276369,0.012300252,0.045032732,0.0025747912,0.86015433,0.0020990605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0065723094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015547167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85710853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013445442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00082507246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99929},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3116228458","doi":"10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281573","title":"Ground Source Heat Pump Modeling and Aggregation for Services Provision in Electricity Markets","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"News aggregator; HVAC; Demand response; Load shifting; Electricity; Heat pump; Procurement; Air conditioning; Load management; Computer science; Thermal comfort; Automotive engineering; Environmental economics; Engineering; Business; Electrical engineering; Economics; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.014860043281413358,"score_gpt":0.22349330627214994,"score_spread":0.2086332629907366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3116228458","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95445156,0.000107241816,0.041913744,0.001105779,0.000009749885,0.00026855202,0.00000122861,0.00007125221,0.0020708714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99853337,0.000014871243,0.00047817655,0.00048340842,0.00007249853,0.00009053573,0.000015092307,0.0000152332095,0.00029683972],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938095,0.00002109547,0.0001756096,0.00021626224,0.00007028117,0.00013582327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977714,0.000030800962,0.00002574711,0.000079473735,0.0000307931,0.000056057856],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009163772,0.00008314548,0.000107678956,0.000031494998,0.000070737646,0.000042416297,0.00006363125,0.000056311026,0.000016260417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008422722,0.000072486764,0.000022627231,0.0001442923,0.000004768993,0.00011718337,0.000021433782,0.00004196843,0.0000048096686],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013983897,0.0000649187,0.0011760993,0.00032578982,0.00002007378,5.373474e-7,0.0012404022,0.9020287,0.01702046,0.029319227,0.00002397493,0.048639998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034777928,0.00002520677,0.00046239185,0.000018100181,0.0000041409867,9.902483e-7,0.00018187867,0.9916231,0.0009889697,0.0007472075,0.0055106794,0.0000895264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011996101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001524361,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08959445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015965565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008343025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99458313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3116929558","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2019-0236","title":"The mechanisms underlying long-term shaft resistance enhancement of energy pile in clays","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stiffening; Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Stiffness; Materials science; Constant (computer programming); Interface (matter); Stress (linguistics); Foundation (evidence); Geology; Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.027113977434948793,"score_gpt":0.24517444024632484,"score_spread":0.21806046281137606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3116929558","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22916871,0.00908761,0.59799415,0.110282555,0.0013644964,0.0012018589,0.00010204433,0.00027119557,0.05052739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99771106,0.00015249802,0.00022527836,0.0010892752,0.00009616937,0.00003537515,0.000004473317,0.000024815521,0.0006610299],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840766,0.000084101026,0.00058697665,0.00020880609,0.00024180597,0.0004706552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988248,0.00006885841,0.00020033632,0.00027608202,0.000073198964,0.00055675884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029442908,0.0001429373,0.00022508427,0.000082697676,0.00029790343,0.000068141904,0.00054855965,0.00013581212,0.00027266642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055591594,0.00011478365,0.00010579566,0.00033505712,0.000076891156,0.00006240972,0.00003783886,0.0003616727,0.00001632816],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007394137,0.00005974867,0.00020365488,0.000039568877,0.000096059826,0.00021748827,0.00020173956,0.090895414,0.026591282,0.85900027,0.0024757292,0.020145103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030552486,0.00056617847,0.02905717,0.0009074628,0.00009862579,0.00020895556,0.000757328,0.0284361,0.016174698,0.064785704,0.8542952,0.0016573182],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02788729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.28302926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85181946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024056065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036537187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9785861},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3119253880","doi":"10.1186/s40517-021-00190-3","title":"Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Halite; Brine; Dissolution; Anhydrite; Solubility; Mineralogy; Geology; Evaporite; Chemistry; Geochemistry; Gypsum; Sedimentary rock","score_opus":0.017775827231801135,"score_gpt":0.23795541240756934,"score_spread":0.22017958517576822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3119253880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97766495,0.005586308,0.0003703518,0.00023470416,0.00018387432,0.00025371296,0.000023291846,0.0000683477,0.015614491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983088,0.00011485341,0.00015090767,0.00028508657,0.00016054092,0.00044273722,0.00012622304,0.00005490892,0.00035594509],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99707335,0.00063089497,0.00077897083,0.00044319092,0.0006387286,0.00043488506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990175,0.00006095428,0.00014837288,0.00044555665,0.00022917407,0.00009845047],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011135972,0.00027826498,0.00043755767,0.00032454502,0.00007248581,0.00002990574,0.00015805448,0.00020265002,0.00041189283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020383517,0.0002875568,0.00008999984,0.00062015007,0.000064576605,0.00034967726,0.00010087162,0.00011645978,0.000011785141],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012059966,0.00045797817,0.0016472049,0.00050321454,0.00011955391,0.00006341713,0.0033702585,0.785736,0.07984579,0.053583317,0.000052592204,0.07450007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042860988,0.0000921013,0.0237978,0.0005344803,0.00009906262,0.00014954584,0.0030495473,0.9390952,0.011246291,0.00042740893,0.016686909,0.0005355777],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.067848906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018974345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15335917,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033078113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011916252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122931248","doi":"10.1002/essoar.10505611.2","title":"The Effect of Ground Source Heat Pumps on Biodegradation Kinetics and Contaminant Transport","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Biodegradation; Kinetics; Environmental science; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.008902226242037027,"score_gpt":0.2197541663999492,"score_spread":0.2108519401579122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122931248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885816,0.0005093673,0.0028882269,0.0003907295,0.00018321771,0.000329424,0.000011812364,0.000042923646,0.007062719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99468017,0.00017174066,0.000058826994,0.000028468938,0.00007146128,0.00014250324,0.00015219288,0.000027568709,0.004667088],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888194,0.00011183712,0.0003542699,0.00031708917,0.0001851112,0.00014972965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901766,0.00022187499,0.000110266286,0.000536188,0.000065307715,0.000048714155],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021486073,0.00022332674,0.00033890983,0.00003320517,0.00009909811,0.00005044464,0.00016039134,0.00019986721,0.000031980053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014296274,0.00013500878,0.00010580431,0.00008066333,0.00008296826,0.000015626383,0.00006054329,0.00018492644,0.000003340963],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030941164,0.00035854545,0.005768776,0.0016837216,0.0009364015,0.000015162633,0.0013716947,0.65337473,0.049376123,0.11172042,0.00015559397,0.17492941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004029587,0.0022570977,0.14998834,0.0018506434,0.0009542192,0.00006648792,0.0016170683,0.06984029,0.36832774,0.0006454382,0.398244,0.0021790985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038354225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046643415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5835344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002472431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019663115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96804947},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123321544","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102044","title":"Thermal performance of energy diaphragm wall (EDW) adjacent to air-conditioned space from the underground-engineering perspective","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Southwest Jiaotong University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Diaphragm (acoustics); Thermal; Parametric statistics; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Meteorology; Physics","score_opus":0.007681128820567864,"score_gpt":0.19769137390289815,"score_spread":0.19001024508233028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123321544","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98419225,0.00053869194,0.0025538325,0.0033559562,0.00021071496,0.00011691615,0.000045535795,0.000098176075,0.00888795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99513555,0.00007178168,0.0005220695,0.001068851,0.00027701026,0.000091003596,0.000052756553,0.00006421794,0.002716735],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987114,0.000063725696,0.00029424034,0.00035672105,0.00024473516,0.0003291526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988083,0.0001537516,0.0001219456,0.0006564395,0.00015733652,0.00010222638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000090566165,0.00022878412,0.0002572927,0.000042699805,0.00014946843,0.000032387503,0.0003173334,0.000104846615,0.0003787594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029389572,0.00018851426,0.0001309163,0.00036138063,0.00004770264,0.00009446463,0.000089136876,0.00013479059,0.000068543115],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003561276,0.00010447495,0.0003624584,0.00001079072,0.00018305132,0.0000055432592,0.001437717,0.6837553,0.046417773,0.26614705,0.0002496889,0.0012905393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023804845,0.00022288757,0.15561567,0.0004547114,0.000238548,0.00004667799,0.0076791644,0.16434877,0.166063,0.0041311937,0.49683437,0.0019845143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01817411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019883933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51940656,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001410723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009394778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.988364},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126006746","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2020-0162","title":"Thermo-mechanical behavior of a full-scale energy pile equipped with a spiral pipe configuration","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"China Three Gorges University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Piping; Pile; Spiral (railway); Mechanical energy; Canalisation; Stress (linguistics); Work (physics); Structural engineering; Finite element method; Energy (signal processing); Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Materials science; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.012098397848131858,"score_gpt":0.21674967396156944,"score_spread":0.20465127611343759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3126006746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9010074,0.0006358941,0.069775715,0.0046459227,0.00051679165,0.000410509,0.00014028627,0.00019571476,0.022671754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971094,0.000016565464,0.0006758825,0.0004965031,0.0002822895,0.00007439195,0.000036535723,0.000043818578,0.0012646157],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818766,0.000112464666,0.0005636955,0.00029514634,0.00032768276,0.0005133624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982044,0.000036049078,0.00022231441,0.00043762554,0.00034447585,0.00075515395],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018737404,0.00020500398,0.0003463823,0.00013935099,0.00022799775,0.000080179,0.00030583912,0.00027356832,0.0018807435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029629866,0.000175354,0.00017104839,0.00038820496,0.00011182071,0.0001047518,0.000030339006,0.00039191754,0.000026385063],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013838772,0.000421701,0.000198242,0.0000241285,0.00017707123,0.0011020135,0.00011628111,0.03632935,0.7260364,0.1872523,0.0014677923,0.046736307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054016416,0.0018519599,0.012910479,0.0005541944,0.00058211765,0.013276192,0.0011486453,0.017995447,0.1254633,0.004809284,0.8139037,0.0021030186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06256456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2163541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8124359,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018093895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010334915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99903166},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127044564","doi":"10.3390/en14030706","title":"Deep Geothermal Heating Potential for the Communities of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"Helmholtz-Alberta Initiative; University of Alberta","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Structural basin; Foreland basin; Geology; Sedimentary rock; Aquifer; Sedimentary basin; Geothermal energy; Archaeology; Hydrology (agriculture); Geomorphology; Geochemistry; Groundwater; Paleontology; Geography","score_opus":0.011847191538543621,"score_gpt":0.21518893632161262,"score_spread":0.203341744783069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3127044564","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839692,0.0009238477,0.00041087667,0.0073480364,0.00051775604,0.00017226549,0.000060555016,0.00003657722,0.006560859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936552,0.00001649727,0.00021366862,0.002054196,0.00020864597,0.0001079884,0.00003018715,0.00002415856,0.003689445],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992919,0.00009290315,0.00019494064,0.000087756045,0.00011862402,0.00021389835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919665,0.00015111214,0.00007083329,0.00046231327,0.00008002576,0.000039086488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010907779,0.00010250935,0.0001302616,0.00002309782,0.0005128331,0.000040388095,0.00031995197,0.00004679245,0.00016857866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008999765,0.00006501285,0.00011935143,0.00010605092,0.0001060849,0.00004717674,0.00007347503,0.00007576922,0.0000032864073],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004433941,0.000017537319,0.0020827227,0.000017222455,0.00009698053,0.0000010147062,0.0013937211,0.9642493,0.001145002,0.027890302,0.0005361054,0.0025656654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078727875,0.00002968891,0.04846383,0.00010865743,0.00013314105,0.000044392502,0.022574306,0.05347958,0.03344967,0.0008008367,0.839763,0.0003656257],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.86311084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.67766106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9107697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003141306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011822277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39443496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3129624421","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13086","title":"Case Studies of Geothermal System Response to Perturbations in Groundwater Flow and Thermal Regimes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Heat pump; Groundwater; Geothermal gradient; Hydrogeology; Environmental science; Groundwater flow; Software deployment; Heating system; Civil engineering; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Aquifer; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.02298005757146216,"score_gpt":0.2468293939183084,"score_spread":0.22384933634684626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3129624421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969143,0.0002826736,0.00007126211,0.0009074514,0.00011786444,0.00014385194,0.000008891578,0.000042504464,0.001511171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99047256,0.0000043375458,0.00040605012,0.00013764999,0.00008979642,0.00014662942,0.000010126054,0.000030040366,0.008702805],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986704,0.00025189604,0.00036978925,0.00030273283,0.00012282151,0.00028233236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992791,0.000113471346,0.000039760973,0.00036455604,0.00013080842,0.000072307375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035125812,0.00016486744,0.00029596628,0.00010882507,0.00013309193,0.00004548054,0.000078519064,0.00007729792,0.00008962833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024516628,0.00011309983,0.00005581671,0.00014711461,0.00006824426,0.000121222896,0.000105752515,0.000069763286,0.0000542434],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012254067,0.0006329509,0.0031368497,0.0009557615,0.0008795495,0.008835562,0.084521085,0.107531436,0.6923858,0.09110742,0.00039389284,0.008394295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014021798,0.0014207974,0.09377714,0.0021456946,0.00067263836,0.044194467,0.16878842,0.03205491,0.32145503,0.0029189494,0.3131208,0.005429349],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030281043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008144144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37093076,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068482965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020186906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46120772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134500470","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102339","title":"Feasibility of thermal load control from electrochromic windows for ground coupled heat pump optimization","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Coefficient of performance; Electrochromism; Glazing; Chiller; Environmental science; Air source heat pumps; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Process engineering; Civil engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010514975232889592,"score_gpt":0.22714213702162536,"score_spread":0.21662716178873576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3134500470","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6230173,0.0004131584,0.3762557,0.00006171108,0.00013632781,0.00007079178,0.0000063925345,0.000014015695,0.000024619063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850544,0.000013835914,0.0144875655,0.000020764932,0.0003575091,0.000010563086,0.0000051561165,0.000028847811,0.00002137838],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989984,0.000021087822,0.0005046008,0.00012354637,0.00018301037,0.00016933343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990643,0.00016669641,0.00020364429,0.00016786612,0.00033466812,0.0000627942],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026471535,0.00011731303,0.00034294208,0.000052981573,0.000038217655,0.000029043857,0.00012531353,0.000073994226,0.000048720554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012703067,0.00011081382,0.00017731391,0.00012302476,0.000009131939,0.00012765937,0.00001127102,0.00011652668,3.2921747e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000271993,0.000022914914,0.00007496049,0.000015569845,0.000070339716,0.0000015300477,0.000023109593,0.5567906,0.44233713,0.00058388844,0.0000018901146,0.00005090139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018583487,0.00004838839,0.0017538266,0.0001008161,0.00007472618,0.000029133553,0.00002253657,0.93640447,0.05911743,0.00007679504,0.00039414846,0.00011936066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005233167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019995558,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38321972,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016005326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000106042906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4518856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135189570","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2021.100243","title":"Incremental load transfer analysis of an energy pile under arbitrary mechanical and thermal loads","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; York University","keywords":"Pile; Structural engineering; Superstructure; Stiffness; Dynamic load testing; Thermal; Mechanics; Structural load; Mechanical energy; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Nonlinear system; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.008161934505676979,"score_gpt":0.1918766090851771,"score_spread":0.1837146745795001,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135189570","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79266816,0.0020189765,0.20279609,0.00062749075,0.0001166167,0.00017541063,0.00013559693,0.000045429555,0.0014162426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997452,0.0006253119,0.00034359825,0.0005818119,0.00005827983,0.00018992295,0.00016131558,0.00003330973,0.0005544289],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984556,0.00014792765,0.00039530476,0.00045364865,0.0002693569,0.00027818553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991769,0.000114425704,0.000079398655,0.0004779075,0.000023433298,0.00012793663],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003370649,0.00023177589,0.00044566847,0.00006888749,0.00020863063,0.000027529482,0.00016293162,0.00015378086,0.00032209913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003912076,0.00017627173,0.00022553705,0.00019230878,0.000107139684,0.000079043195,0.00010895358,0.00006797628,8.528765e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001125709,0.00016384305,0.0000018543744,0.000007643252,0.00091132766,0.0000018357958,0.00009210653,0.05911461,0.03594398,0.89632326,0.000002342933,0.007324621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0076153614,0.00043514784,0.0004729672,0.000028299884,0.0035338225,0.000029435292,0.001346216,0.53269297,0.22830586,0.14279231,0.08173217,0.0010154068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028103527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016675035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7535309,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004138866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029901476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71881527},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3135777782","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146235","title":"Applicability of ground source heat pumps as a bioremediation-enhancing technology for monoaromatic hydrocarbon contaminants","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Environmental remediation; Environmental science; Heat pump; Environmental engineering; Geothermal energy; Borehole; Petroleum engineering; Waste management; Renewable energy; Groundwater; Geothermal heating; Contamination; Heat exchanger; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering","score_opus":0.007183861294619585,"score_gpt":0.20637152881296916,"score_spread":0.19918766751834957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3135777782","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996791,0.00007903593,0.0008741984,0.0011475548,0.00006055044,0.00036371558,0.0000040283185,0.000012820116,0.0006670972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99884254,0.000006497883,0.00027321064,0.000012740358,0.000020015294,0.00016666269,9.3265777e-7,0.000008941519,0.00066844275],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988552,0.00003537247,0.0003208252,0.00025408092,0.0003235807,0.00021096464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888957,0.0000856798,0.00016845371,0.000793059,0.00002819514,0.000035061097],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004970097,0.00009797121,0.00018050695,0.000033943703,0.00023214759,0.000009882013,0.0004908358,0.000047685324,0.000027204691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010269552,0.000060102808,0.00007771458,0.00040743116,0.0009388415,0.000048192793,0.00023473609,0.000058456266,0.000011710041],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004018621,0.000078865385,0.000027262471,0.000017423945,0.000011179436,4.836589e-8,0.00028876658,0.22544025,0.7644859,0.008459214,5.3100763e-7,0.001186548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002544418,0.000063594554,0.005718626,0.000035024885,0.000036650687,0.000012934574,0.0015215606,0.049730092,0.9349734,0.0073293727,0.00021841824,0.00010587505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015818417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002548816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17571016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000091280635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006859847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34592006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3140173155","doi":"10.3390/en14071893","title":"Analysis of Heat Exchange Rate for Low-Depth Modular Ground Heat Exchanger through Real-Scale Experiment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Modular design; Heat exchanger; Drilling; Heat pump; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Scale (ratio); Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Process engineering; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.025387047619292422,"score_gpt":0.2749689027560325,"score_spread":0.24958185513674006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3140173155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801204,0.002995639,0.0021429725,0.00035467203,0.00022748616,0.0001727034,0.000068778834,0.00010889575,0.01380841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869945,0.0006909579,0.0013571229,0.00019590916,0.000273138,0.00074053544,0.0003297837,0.000055318662,0.00936274],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99843585,0.00010376189,0.00042806173,0.00047351094,0.00021076397,0.00034802288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882776,0.00009244612,0.00007720396,0.0007495165,0.00018155793,0.000071546376],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015102817,0.00024122476,0.00058606354,0.00012611189,0.00014845168,0.00004513775,0.00018205994,0.00012244435,0.00052282773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010058413,0.00022348932,0.0003632945,0.0007417433,0.000069938185,0.0001433809,0.00008891407,0.00004701662,0.000010554333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028156663,0.00021177907,0.000120738274,0.00010021898,0.00097382773,0.0000056115205,0.0033854758,0.71510965,0.24617527,0.032716047,0.0004626155,0.00071059715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013860553,0.00012053967,0.009349674,0.000097276694,0.001023799,0.000004857467,0.00497926,0.03374394,0.7341285,0.0010660542,0.21326609,0.0008340015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026770405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0074866414,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6813657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006658224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000034104516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9797104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3142276836","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13100","title":"Borehole Heat Exchangers—Addressing the Application Gap with Groundwater Science","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Heat pump; Groundwater; Heat exchanger; Groundwater flow; Hydrogeology; Environmental science; Electricity; Civil engineering; Computer science; Environmental economics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Aquifer; Geophysics","score_opus":0.039863810430202554,"score_gpt":0.25702787825618023,"score_spread":0.2171640678259777,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3142276836","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9511838,0.00013943626,0.006771769,0.0037629989,0.00015196604,0.00021189846,0.000002067903,0.00011797691,0.037658066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992957,0.0000035239768,0.0002748666,0.0007197943,0.0002843394,0.00023597914,0.00003980473,0.00002858143,0.0054561347],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866647,0.00004388104,0.00016747057,0.00039729435,0.00031157496,0.00041331246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990817,0.000016503733,0.000027609485,0.0006508025,0.00014963711,0.00007379783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026342372,0.00014453859,0.00012206488,0.000043034743,0.0006968323,0.0003288303,0.00028595742,0.000047505542,0.00020312624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000028342097,0.00007132197,0.000040820938,0.00031862472,0.00028775094,0.00027123446,0.00010131688,0.000098818804,0.00028589374],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003765935,0.00025484196,0.00087518763,0.0000653972,0.00008111381,0.000030904284,0.004757712,0.018916043,0.8072484,0.15542287,0.00041521378,0.011894673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006288783,0.000043417345,0.006373371,0.000053002626,0.000045132172,0.0002136124,0.0012272695,0.003652417,0.24011804,0.004143597,0.74300355,0.0004977362],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056981966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008762532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7425883,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066779976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004458765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86140066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3151567592","doi":"10.1002/er.6684","title":"Numerical and analytical study of a geo‐exchange borehole using conventional grout and <scp>bentonite‐based</scp> backfilling material","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Energy Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Graymont (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Grout; Heat pump; Bentonite; Finite element method; Slurry; Geotechnical engineering; Heat transfer; Engineering; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Environmental engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.08735349041047961,"score_gpt":0.37882724301414683,"score_spread":0.2914737526036672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3151567592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962323,0.00035471987,0.0014833426,0.00024441854,0.00024598837,0.000043256317,0.000020785332,0.000005433891,0.0013698008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981255,0.00006101887,0.00064884586,0.000040685783,0.00057613465,0.000008400822,0.000019343426,0.000021455673,0.0004986358],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997453,0.00033652497,0.0006077848,0.00023555572,0.0011225042,0.00024466595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975234,0.00038199103,0.00024103257,0.00014046034,0.0015323585,0.00018075442],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074544334,0.00012448702,0.000289575,0.00038465927,0.000107866195,0.00014518743,0.0002681898,0.00008432571,0.0002578169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002022213,0.00011270265,0.000087954424,0.0002839722,0.0001399716,0.00015151837,0.00017231744,0.00022740029,0.0000014505313],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009984967,0.00840864,0.083562896,0.00032609375,0.004902387,0.0028503186,0.0027267225,0.267432,0.1790196,0.42703956,0.0017935571,0.020939747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020032745,0.0033161058,0.1302764,0.0014462766,0.00041085004,0.003783592,0.0118784,0.52211154,0.08821671,0.011989361,0.20572455,0.0008134707],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031104672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017189299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41505018,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007791194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017889726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47021168},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157129019","doi":"10.3390/app11093765","title":"Special Issue: New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Earth science; Geology; Waste management; Engineering; Economics; Paleontology","score_opus":0.015103690805555464,"score_gpt":0.24172252112516224,"score_spread":0.22661883031960678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3157129019","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31956893,0.00024235384,0.00025801218,0.00043112985,0.00046110866,0.00007961675,0.000004735681,0.000060691757,0.67889345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781946,0.000016882104,0.00027886115,0.000116166935,0.0019280041,0.00004346068,0.000012020472,0.000011308376,0.019398682],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987632,0.00003283492,0.00026238686,0.0004331277,0.00021271582,0.0002957224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958545,0.000036318503,0.000070601374,0.00018315823,0.000023712197,0.0001007651],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019358889,0.00014093496,0.00021386235,0.00012623114,0.0001469404,0.00015073801,0.00020133994,0.000051055897,0.0010612332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007577429,0.00011880804,0.00002719372,0.0008623657,0.00016536696,0.00008938034,0.00004706865,0.000090648246,0.000106037456],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017952772,0.000095498515,0.00022650068,0.00001682366,0.000022768138,0.000021720894,0.0009890506,0.05705659,0.049890943,0.52174526,0.011793706,0.35812318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006719961,0.000028350123,0.0029163368,0.000038233644,0.000008558297,0.00003549416,0.0024754212,0.0035249342,0.02014724,0.0010982726,0.96868646,0.00036867667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007331299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031926576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9568928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025234873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009890061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158621546","doi":"10.24908/iqurcp.7659","title":"Investigation into Feasibility of Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Electricity Production in Hinton, Alberta","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inquiry Queen s Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Renewable energy; Geothermal gradient; Electricity generation; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Aquifer; Electricity; Thermal energy; Geothermal desalination; Petroleum engineering; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Groundwater; Geology; Desalination; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Geophysics; Power (physics)","score_opus":0.11329610242078911,"score_gpt":0.3626606163875693,"score_spread":0.2493645139667802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158621546","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97522914,0.000021157559,0.000072346586,0.016307496,0.00012759202,0.00079093897,0.0000015203775,0.00005708954,0.007392735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967947,0.000104603714,0.00026242508,0.000021662683,0.00023873993,0.00031013624,0.000012014501,0.000042066316,0.0022136283],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99655896,0.00016625207,0.00072721584,0.00088422326,0.00092741457,0.0007359269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996675,0.00012328525,0.0005070329,0.0007573594,0.0017099546,0.00022734876],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002344527,0.00027980196,0.00043044076,0.0004366767,0.00066070125,0.00033747748,0.0010395536,0.00023581285,0.00004242773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020109625,0.00026730768,0.00008626987,0.00064261386,0.0012717951,0.0010903665,0.00027903955,0.00064700976,0.000057675104],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025408584,0.00038248155,0.20803417,0.00078875094,0.00007236095,0.000003269728,0.009320723,0.0003624917,0.20599768,0.5626973,0.0005584758,0.0115282275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017788406,0.0004078848,0.21677554,0.0011313279,0.000023255034,0.000014838761,0.0025438985,0.015122782,0.26012024,0.49949953,0.0016268936,0.0009549631],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18965654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011920999,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17773554,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003818256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042084945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999779},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3160475305","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-822275-1.00011-4","title":"Saving energy through semi-natural and low-energy production of ice","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Refrigeration; Environmental science; Air conditioning; Fossil fuel; Greenhouse gas; Natural (archaeology); Production (economics); Natural gas; Global warming; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Meteorology; Engineering; Climate change; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Geography; Oceanography","score_opus":0.01119382203281702,"score_gpt":0.21548026429459555,"score_spread":0.20428644226177853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3160475305","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00043928242,0.008360402,0.000027404583,0.00010931475,0.0007656727,0.0001119999,0.000013677035,0.000087757755,0.99008447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08835158,0.0005875443,0.0001999982,0.00021716637,0.0009181871,0.00007629801,0.00009979133,0.00013323863,0.9094162],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978642,0.000051142968,0.0006784317,0.0007596112,0.00034563753,0.00030100762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99828553,0.00006432178,0.0005022659,0.0008090988,0.00025050243,0.000088255234],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010743253,0.0004966171,0.0007177796,0.00010042349,0.00015262405,0.00004225589,0.00022333773,0.00040334673,0.00016569138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020902444,0.00047684173,0.00023794215,0.00003941008,0.00018387605,0.000085829975,0.00017075965,0.0002756069,0.000008985855],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007039604,0.000010778373,6.7843473e-7,0.00012291028,0.00014882363,0.00000795721,0.00012789038,0.00026972758,0.0033385893,0.4597546,0.00007972371,0.5361313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016349982,0.0000194,0.000009926944,0.0007590778,0.00010828803,0.00005197719,0.0000328126,0.00007061492,0.0034830144,0.009645994,0.98518324,0.00047216393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00055100565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020290827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9851035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000717159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000104276725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3161732879","doi":"10.11575/prism/33098","title":"Micro Combined Heat and Power Systems for Small Residential and Commercial Sites in Alberta","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Environmental science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.028403315333125578,"score_gpt":0.2737550665689678,"score_spread":0.24535175123584224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3161732879","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98371416,0.00011617688,0.00003121512,0.0005104485,0.00009501275,0.00047823475,0.000016080143,0.0000012927716,0.015037392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919012,0.000004454656,0.0004452388,0.00005042179,0.00008145119,0.00008753207,0.000023325425,0.000016105567,0.0073902514],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993081,0.00003855846,0.00020815096,0.00024246528,0.000038598828,0.00016412363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995906,0.00009297851,0.000039661034,0.00017832512,0.000039173137,0.000059314545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015890977,0.00010066746,0.00019069914,0.000038110855,0.000120310266,0.00019545703,0.00015600663,0.00007646561,0.0001775768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016872145,0.000092611444,0.00001631285,0.00006133347,0.00007183838,0.00007663202,0.000113511844,0.00003535426,0.000046249854],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0049412805,0.002105654,0.15809892,0.00053475844,0.00093398447,0.000044243887,0.03638094,0.0027848794,0.48562655,0.21649228,0.03137442,0.060682088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005550357,0.00048256124,0.045643777,0.00018529936,0.000050528513,0.000037103233,0.0008307805,0.004196206,0.010496372,0.00042012628,0.93151015,0.0005967542],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.086097576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.115903534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9001357,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010846326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016807084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91998816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3163969504","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.061","title":"Retrofitting abandoned petroleum wells as doublet deep borehole heat exchangers for geothermal energy production—a numerical investigation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Heat exchanger; Thermosiphon; Inlet; Heat transfer; Retrofitting; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.014227413323315747,"score_gpt":0.22315117632749887,"score_spread":0.2089237630041831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3163969504","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42163026,0.01140124,0.29070547,0.019682651,0.007622423,0.0011509334,0.00014097782,0.002961924,0.24470411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9207952,0.00018170303,0.0023784977,0.0018010089,0.0024260732,0.0010111728,0.0006586977,0.00018831741,0.07055934],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967324,0.00021444312,0.0007159512,0.00103805,0.0004569519,0.00084218464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980696,0.00013730543,0.00024843946,0.0008642497,0.0003366867,0.00034375157],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029106732,0.0004539434,0.0005653282,0.00017858346,0.0005424784,0.0001493467,0.0003093055,0.00030303598,0.00047233416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012425202,0.00046756444,0.00030034137,0.0007432747,0.000099937584,0.00029259088,0.00009790054,0.00012405061,0.00003447835],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007054472,0.00010195752,0.00015187086,0.000042188847,0.00012480482,0.000012073319,0.00011866027,0.8488017,0.09392528,0.051739562,0.0026181613,0.0022932054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011426992,0.00008870416,0.000115601535,0.00006799704,0.0000620737,0.00008220608,0.0002616962,0.059741344,0.2916722,0.0031227372,0.6430707,0.0005720372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13540728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0058045364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78906035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019609713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002492585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3166623173","doi":"10.3390/su13116384","title":"Performance of Conventional and Innovative Single U-Tube Pipe Configuration in Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger (VGHE)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Tube (container); Heat exchanger; Concentric tube heat exchanger; Heat pipe; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Materials science; Inlet; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.013806338050462478,"score_gpt":0.2498769251697986,"score_spread":0.23607058711933612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3166623173","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99533856,0.00007400031,0.00016169713,0.00084383984,0.00003697687,0.00014375118,0.0000035422818,0.000014061934,0.0033835713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99923515,0.000003603436,0.000037904243,0.00004683583,0.000030341478,0.000061810984,0.00003372811,0.0000068821732,0.0005437337],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991038,0.00009220227,0.00030057732,0.00021959683,0.00012240706,0.00016145325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99881715,0.0000669804,0.000028262613,0.0001871531,0.00086555857,0.000034907658],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021825732,0.00008531463,0.00016396046,0.000044460423,0.000052038104,0.000014642744,0.000042469168,0.00006981045,0.0002326918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018713027,0.00008390613,0.000024971754,0.00040876062,0.00015509709,0.00012664411,0.00003832736,0.00007720739,0.0000030810832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023428943,0.0013359023,0.17686746,0.0011291857,0.00005748979,0.00001724423,0.0025692554,0.0053815516,0.076102205,0.7242897,0.000060052233,0.011955677],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010361779,0.0001164111,0.93299574,0.000044109154,0.000009773195,0.000011641971,0.0021352232,0.0056359656,0.041415922,0.007310301,0.0090677645,0.00022099252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020824594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004515207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75612825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021652257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018382295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3421593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3169563731","doi":"10.3390/en14113306","title":"Review of Recent Drilling Projects in Unconventional Geothermal Resources at Campi Flegrei Caldera, Cornubian Batholith, and Williston Sedimentary Basin","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Caldera; Geology; Geothermal exploration; Geothermal gradient; Drilling; Sedimentary basin; Context (archaeology); Geothermal energy; Sedimentary rock; Mining engineering; Petroleum engineering; Scientific drilling; Earth science; Geochemistry; Volcano; Paleontology; Engineering","score_opus":0.02080731171942519,"score_gpt":0.24862889218912024,"score_spread":0.22782158046969506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3169563731","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94435716,0.044177573,0.000005679186,0.0012837386,0.00015041656,0.00015525923,0.000031540112,0.000040452498,0.009798206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9483876,0.038665038,0.0010969467,0.0032690081,0.00029515332,0.00021759477,0.00033003537,0.00007327512,0.007665323],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852765,0.00017376029,0.00048709556,0.00035110934,0.0002226912,0.00023772108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992877,0.00007542426,0.00016800876,0.00029675127,0.00010403014,0.00006805476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025149994,0.00018152062,0.00036064236,0.000071977694,0.00010425686,0.000018090115,0.00010224999,0.00007768459,0.00084843265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039363287,0.00016827862,0.00008185119,0.00028580867,0.00009947386,0.000086727065,0.000103243736,0.0000966893,0.00000767737],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041980442,0.0020101739,0.106554985,0.02762877,0.0010418077,0.00058490847,0.014248074,0.43929002,0.08112249,0.1908136,0.02344525,0.11284013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006468373,0.000030806463,0.012957138,0.0035850646,0.00003939877,0.00007323144,0.00066545967,0.00047279825,0.013620831,0.00022033618,0.9673656,0.00032245938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0098447455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002677167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9439204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009226451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006838567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3171630888","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14021","title":"Non stationary combination for the simulation of time-varying flow rates in closed-loop ground heat exchangers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Superposition principle; Multiphysics; Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Mechanics; Work (physics); Sizing; Mathematical optimization; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Physics; Chemistry; Finite element method; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.021952081232904454,"score_gpt":0.2716155535847714,"score_spread":0.24966347235186695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3171630888","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88165027,0.0004892606,0.09732219,0.0025780415,0.0003272543,0.0011131314,0.00003542043,0.000084916304,0.016399512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993306,0.000014018869,0.0007604759,0.00011774879,0.000047499616,0.00016111683,0.00021703287,0.000015839756,0.0053602746],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993494,0.000035857876,0.0002472991,0.00014502875,0.000111922745,0.00011045196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991595,0.00044523994,0.000053818017,0.00016557454,0.00015826955,0.00001755629],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015983764,0.00007746716,0.0001166587,0.000048473503,0.00009009782,0.000020218697,0.000065174965,0.000050592815,0.00029329868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027286842,0.0000618375,0.000048446065,0.00023948737,0.000018140458,0.00011365557,0.00001600284,0.000034603883,0.000014368554],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013286671,0.000069145324,0.00012874223,0.000025685564,0.000017460803,3.1110486e-7,0.00025655286,0.9725718,0.011850562,0.0076068034,0.000081169994,0.0073784892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062713027,0.00002018612,0.0035116116,0.000020636833,0.000010107759,5.858106e-7,0.00027234075,0.9834303,0.0063450024,0.001359148,0.004326248,0.000076672746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026036447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006542615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11165572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003434079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030744028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39359495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3175090342","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2021.3.7","title":"DEFINING GEOEXCHANGE EXTRACTION RATES IN THE SAME GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR DIFFERENT BOREHOLE GEOMETRY SETTINGS – PILOT RESULTS FROM THE HAPPEN - HORIZON 2020 PROJECT","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"L'Alliance Boviteq","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Extraction (chemistry); Thermal; Geology; Spiral (railway); Horizon; Geotechnical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Geometry; Engineering; Chemistry; Mathematics; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.028420883552888146,"score_gpt":0.2621754559518995,"score_spread":0.23375457239901137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3175090342","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9722835,0.0028276227,0.0011361081,0.01739315,0.0003842444,0.0015987671,0.0010391257,0.00016955197,0.0031679382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910025,0.0003761465,0.0011338923,0.0014931026,0.000794552,0.0015736206,0.0021812352,0.00006990305,0.0013750592],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960703,0.0006051706,0.0009047573,0.001063097,0.00055336184,0.0008032798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960482,0.00223658,0.00044382943,0.0010977786,0.00007603119,0.00009757738],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010710838,0.0005060799,0.0005419852,0.000084371044,0.00056780875,0.00020480221,0.0007120846,0.00028451896,0.00027349158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004928408,0.00031693713,0.00023718894,0.0004890659,0.00016740507,0.00015381404,0.00026406703,0.000607337,0.00019231508],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0067311036,0.010998407,0.0618433,0.0005749577,0.0023098558,0.0008363144,0.02107055,0.105970785,0.10008405,0.33597332,0.15746178,0.19614558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031981796,0.00073387875,0.16540274,0.00015750308,0.00016552412,0.00006321099,0.0043368177,0.00423022,0.0037395814,0.0040594838,0.8130911,0.0008217355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017050033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039138086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65562934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015233902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008599438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177361308","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14655087.v1","title":"Performance analysis of a two-stage variable capacity air source heat pump and a horizontal loop coupled ground source heat pump system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Air source heat pumps; Coefficient of performance; Environmental science; Extrapolation; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.014885435265204323,"score_gpt":0.21887724886504878,"score_spread":0.20399181359984445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3177361308","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9562281,0.00024930967,0.029804531,0.000046097746,0.00020744957,0.0005095495,0.00011556381,0.00031116832,0.012528252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854943,0.000052156945,0.00063750375,0.00007193028,0.00020666995,0.00041173334,0.00043649308,0.00010289041,0.012586298],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99594945,0.00023780379,0.0012274332,0.0013067885,0.00062239525,0.0006561168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971057,0.0001407392,0.00036772544,0.0017405408,0.00032762226,0.00031766616],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006685047,0.00074585364,0.0019265305,0.0004430638,0.00034995395,0.0002241954,0.00055893156,0.0005809719,0.0005120067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017635053,0.0006977539,0.0005587579,0.001182011,0.00018297517,0.000177226,0.0007462499,0.00061131106,0.000014798163],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030412082,0.00016025116,0.0029036643,0.0013361274,0.0027660665,0.0000049658047,0.0006394683,0.97325736,0.009214456,0.009563301,0.0000052416135,0.00011865997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007580387,0.00005485345,0.0020720272,0.00039140924,0.0017468882,0.000038824997,0.0025393504,0.98678845,0.0019491311,0.00000759388,0.002894782,0.00075865997],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4086454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013599539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39504585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035650106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019335555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99954736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3179273600","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2021-0034","title":"Development and validation of a method to predict the soil thermal conductivity using thermal piezocone penetration testing (T-CPTU)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geotechnical engineering; Penetration test; Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Thermal conduction; Soil test; Penetration (warfare); Dissipation; Soil water; Materials science; Geology; Engineering; Soil science; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.05189122107811761,"score_gpt":0.27130884381856424,"score_spread":0.21941762274044663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3179273600","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9709079,0.00008206338,0.026994409,0.0009122045,0.00006703931,0.00013437968,0.0000066616776,0.000018471312,0.00087683863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9752366,0.000001011459,0.024200825,0.00024728812,0.00019672542,0.000019222362,0.0000048891106,0.000019609835,0.00007383047],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986595,0.00021107067,0.00041973076,0.00020256301,0.00021325621,0.0002938604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988894,0.00012692701,0.0001725089,0.00021032522,0.00025062624,0.00035023983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008684755,0.00013048406,0.00018544466,0.0000901805,0.00043817787,0.00009453906,0.00016542988,0.00011903528,0.000096512835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018968774,0.00010300077,0.000047157504,0.0003456247,0.000052409043,0.000112529975,0.00004490473,0.00028673135,0.0000035572693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000056340446,0.000022306698,0.00045144928,0.0000095382175,0.00005031895,0.000019242694,0.00031532996,0.54812586,0.39249775,0.002804966,0.000017226877,0.055680383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017136973,0.00018629756,0.1261369,0.000536576,0.00026087093,0.003668103,0.0020802172,0.23206438,0.54964405,0.0013381601,0.08110877,0.0012619765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038240667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011187984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31606147,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015683731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001039043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9681638},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3179413205","doi":"10.11575/prism/38283","title":"Feasibility Analysis on Geothermal Heat Storage Capacity and Recovery of Alberta’s Decommissioned Wells","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.048921549873212504,"score_gpt":0.27913614647133267,"score_spread":0.23021459659812016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3179413205","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94066405,0.000017439272,0.000123694,0.0012452877,0.000018279688,0.00020499725,0.00003574406,0.0000019721267,0.057688527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959201,0.0000032832836,0.0008271798,0.00018080557,0.0000326413,0.000012842429,0.000019688981,0.000012392113,0.0029910684],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899924,0.0001080053,0.00026292523,0.0003736351,0.00011795666,0.00013823692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992045,0.00010368438,0.00009652859,0.0003917118,0.00003275416,0.00017079398],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017586989,0.0001316614,0.000360479,0.0000433813,0.000082450904,0.000050030736,0.0002630468,0.00007774777,0.0044977707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045436795,0.00011202611,0.00010684904,0.00031989094,0.00004731691,0.000102567064,0.000099346515,0.00007793176,0.00012458414],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001285109,0.0012839484,0.049929842,0.00011515483,0.0024813735,0.000013390815,0.0078773005,0.7633902,0.086161554,0.004793709,0.0014354127,0.08123305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003689625,0.0006822775,0.18358341,0.000114912604,0.0010206201,0.0000067036517,0.0011105837,0.063610256,0.07118245,0.00033445505,0.67338306,0.0012816445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032740578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055992776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6997799,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023253628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026104568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3183173353","doi":"10.1115/es2021-62464","title":"Dynamic Simulation of Organic Rankine Cycle-Assisted Ground-Source Heat Pump Based Micro-Cogeneration System in Cold Climates: A Case Study in Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; TRNSYS; Organic Rankine cycle; Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Process engineering; Thermal energy storage; Heat exchanger; Degree Rankine; Engineering; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Automotive engineering; Waste heat; Electricity generation; Mechanical engineering; Thermal; Power (physics); Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010643956218852228,"score_gpt":0.22615275737726526,"score_spread":0.21550880115841303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3183173353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970739,0.000051395207,0.0019739957,0.000056252873,0.000074780924,0.0004747454,0.000012935957,0.00004439723,0.00023761165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993647,8.166785e-7,0.000109967266,0.000065805696,0.000014289917,0.00012281188,0.00008088646,0.00003749325,0.00020326737],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998122,0.00026492486,0.00079521036,0.00035954156,0.0002218322,0.00023651923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991048,0.0001481508,0.00012345059,0.0004151819,0.00014918773,0.00005925912],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022266497,0.00018637117,0.00037768524,0.00013701641,0.00007659488,0.000031558535,0.000093058705,0.00007690921,0.000114751776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018537241,0.0001883301,0.000042790918,0.0008557292,0.0000099387835,0.00006889737,0.0000289876,0.00008751668,0.000004388944],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001544159,0.00026977577,0.015567588,0.00009023268,0.000021973876,0.0004030243,0.00016924675,0.9152288,0.06787938,0.00017898249,0.0000011002602,0.00017449463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023097438,0.000029504523,0.012097788,0.00009017875,0.000028037111,0.00013441626,0.008709491,0.97104216,0.005187726,0.0000012320719,0.00015646665,0.0002132719],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9789511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99869317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06269166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011676288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005562199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76798785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3187109197","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2021.121676","title":"Utilizing geothermal energy from enhanced geothermal systems as a heat source for oil sands separation: A numerical evaluation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal energy; Multiphysics; Environmental science; Oil sands; Natural gas; Geothermal heating; Environmental engineering; Greenhouse gas; Waste management; Geology; Engineering; Materials science; Geophysics","score_opus":0.021616712796831843,"score_gpt":0.28049721594667754,"score_spread":0.2588805031498457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3187109197","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4179105,0.011011962,0.32442075,0.0013827335,0.0029694114,0.00040002353,0.00020937696,0.0010267459,0.24066852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9636268,0.00006636304,0.00041095266,0.0009048438,0.0019454021,0.0019108332,0.0008147368,0.00014299383,0.030177044],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965305,0.00040995146,0.0007755834,0.0009335178,0.0006881763,0.00066229247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979319,0.00027416606,0.00022955012,0.00083533535,0.00047876267,0.00025028267],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003006091,0.00045492602,0.00059369334,0.000101749865,0.0004242019,0.00021562449,0.00031798342,0.00033842635,0.0018833881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007832498,0.00046160544,0.0003130753,0.00043737158,0.00005903008,0.00018367206,0.000082672,0.00012035935,0.00007649251],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011512024,0.00019235296,0.00001286533,0.000027575381,0.00026165613,0.000007977496,0.00045461478,0.70602727,0.08598774,0.12052614,0.00039332645,0.08599338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015747505,0.00006452764,0.000072100025,0.000076893615,0.00009757795,0.00003351245,0.0005863851,0.3801269,0.04685141,0.000689059,0.5693018,0.000525122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07307405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023871884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56890845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019969782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035524755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997836},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3192473832","doi":"10.54966/jreen.v20i3.642","title":"Alliance of renewable energy resources for sustainable building - algerian case","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Renewable Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Standards Association","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Energy engineering; Zero-energy building; Work (physics); Geothermal energy; Exploit; Fossil fuel; Scarcity; Environmental economics; Geothermal gradient; Solar energy; Energy development; Sustainable development; Natural resource economics; Resource (disambiguation); Engineering; Computer science; Economics; Geology; Waste management; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.014992811428576926,"score_gpt":0.2615685636986167,"score_spread":0.24657575227003978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3192473832","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93673486,0.0060346327,0.01339108,0.00090350746,0.0007624113,0.00023465096,0.000024792325,0.00007530459,0.04183876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94216347,0.00035248487,0.0073489333,0.000046532834,0.00080343144,0.000049972557,0.0000022688132,0.000063023675,0.049169872],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978166,0.00007044518,0.00095283473,0.00027411553,0.00032922786,0.00055675773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957956,0.00019331505,0.0020951382,0.00089345337,0.00083579484,0.00018668125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000731754,0.0002749922,0.00068699016,0.0001874886,0.00088414934,0.00028589283,0.00089274923,0.00017570211,0.000060975544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037155827,0.00023720479,0.0003463929,0.00015624997,0.00018253138,0.00073139824,0.00015141098,0.000094244744,6.6440964e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014999088,0.00008769542,0.00013641651,0.00015798761,0.00020291333,0.00039592606,0.00019918023,0.90260625,0.03683739,0.050297584,0.007110829,0.0018178376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012310239,0.00024260092,0.00008667142,0.00022783189,0.00009999192,0.0008460179,0.002405334,0.0022263916,0.13825724,0.011089357,0.8429668,0.0003207624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17103636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0083460305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90037984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000090722526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001763834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9672931},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194015953","doi":"","title":"Energetic, exergetic and environmental assessments of the Edremit Geothermal District Heating System","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Heating system; Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.009776832706253862,"score_gpt":0.2043048654216024,"score_spread":0.19452803271534852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3194015953","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96571326,0.00012033078,0.00034842175,0.000031834294,0.00007719045,0.00011785527,0.000012954195,0.00004298409,0.033535182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99374527,0.000018756715,0.0002321012,0.000031481442,0.000057855224,0.000044240496,0.000007723863,0.000021676115,0.005840908],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990462,0.000061347215,0.000301818,0.00019538944,0.00021391267,0.00018131506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994485,0.00003533627,0.00012549647,0.0003216749,0.000008771603,0.00006023492],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000068778405,0.0001326321,0.0001741282,0.000022393584,0.0002233789,0.0000084201365,0.00016412411,0.000057545865,0.00013429778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034652546,0.00008883505,0.00007056086,0.00009129163,0.00011459794,0.00004785651,0.00008366122,0.00006069087,0.0000113155065],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035077446,0.00064209325,0.26211274,0.00031742724,0.00032957311,0.000018313573,0.0010107267,0.10231318,0.2359791,0.38132432,0.000504296,0.015413161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024133762,0.00015560287,0.755784,0.0002681634,0.00015231523,0.00053824205,0.0040786816,0.1093123,0.08640408,0.00014871614,0.039652873,0.0010916454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0048965677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000044872573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49367127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004720553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015522857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74021786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195887030","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14665932.v1","title":"Comparative life cycle assessment: ground source heat pump system versus gas furnace and air conditioner system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Air conditioning; Environmental science; Life-cycle assessment; Environmental impact assessment; Engineering; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Environmental economics; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Economics; Ecology","score_opus":0.02696311501388782,"score_gpt":0.27725364808240716,"score_spread":0.25029053306851934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3195887030","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7521744,0.00079317903,0.010980337,0.00041537732,0.0014529662,0.0007981628,0.00010577879,0.0006473553,0.23263247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99432623,0.000021261912,0.00059044367,0.000079316975,0.0005699673,0.00072692236,0.0005543516,0.00008139915,0.0030501033],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99677336,0.00041036512,0.0008351854,0.0010360926,0.00049788237,0.0004471359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99772376,0.00022112468,0.0003605433,0.0010110203,0.000291681,0.00039189108],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028869262,0.00060507725,0.0011575033,0.00012712131,0.00043186426,0.00040308814,0.0003546369,0.0004852273,0.00031629013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000795761,0.00056190346,0.00024189956,0.00019820266,0.0001239704,0.00015691498,0.00054710265,0.0005783754,0.00014713612],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033884487,0.00009375582,0.000032781856,0.0011536508,0.00083252677,0.000021851178,0.00074712513,0.7906287,0.0003074899,0.20582849,0.0002234344,0.000096337775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046458123,0.00013715899,0.0035999482,0.0027696595,0.00077025365,0.00025624965,0.12603675,0.815468,0.0007672472,0.000088268884,0.043112937,0.0023477047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036461785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017111237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24215187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056054903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026883528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99968326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197371772","doi":"10.18280/ijdne.160408","title":"Utilization Waste Brine Water Separator for Binary Electric Energy Conversion in Geothermal Wells","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Working fluid; Wellhead; Geothermal energy; Separator (oil production); Brine; Environmental science; Waste heat; Waste heat recovery unit; Waste management; Geothermal gradient; Electricity; Electricity generation; Heat exchanger; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.010594284855670754,"score_gpt":0.24358173324745103,"score_spread":0.23298744839178026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197371772","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9313552,0.0021890118,0.062323812,0.0019528653,0.0012006622,0.00012879726,0.000020752976,0.000017351775,0.0008115596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99663854,0.00057465443,0.0008928781,0.00052177237,0.0003588914,0.000007734085,0.00006701251,0.000022287279,0.00091620727],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989884,0.0000645646,0.00040865107,0.00015741627,0.0002107786,0.00017017218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991292,0.00009037402,0.00018122885,0.000084094354,0.00045569733,0.000059423608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002212896,0.00012446489,0.00019271385,0.00023570476,0.000044143548,0.000052518753,0.00018126296,0.00018841834,0.00006625787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025315638,0.00010003684,0.0000926388,0.00013785064,0.000013974059,0.00019336528,0.00003284124,0.00018723276,0.000002766634],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011779907,0.00057334296,0.0012339959,0.000063706735,0.0006228144,0.00038464507,0.0003970448,0.5286471,0.35282576,0.090027764,0.0017520351,0.022293786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038635149,0.00029571747,0.0014445939,0.00017010259,0.000075051204,0.00074576295,0.00023292798,0.6494665,0.178765,0.0065895696,0.15791482,0.0004364557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011109718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000094803865,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17406075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008739711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007635439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40793842},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197537165","doi":"10.18280/mmep.080402","title":"Borehole Thermal Analysis for a Closed Loop Vertical U-Tube DX Ground Heat Exchanger","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Université de Lorraine","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Sizing; Condenser (optics); Mechanics; Thermal; Thermal resistance; Tube (container); Heat transfer; Materials science; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemistry; Optics","score_opus":0.030151823207638116,"score_gpt":0.22075694444138685,"score_spread":0.19060512123374873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197537165","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36389443,0.00033874463,0.63455456,0.00017143294,0.000029921996,0.0001232923,0.000005175519,0.00011674669,0.0007656758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819467,0.000018040402,0.01685725,0.000041877058,0.00011385026,0.00027491964,0.00003210394,0.00005013404,0.00066508964],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987854,0.00001630814,0.00034707817,0.00033494623,0.00015201511,0.00036425027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993017,0.00016040754,0.000016936909,0.00030002196,0.00006924299,0.00015170686],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018744593,0.00020194195,0.0003862165,0.00007826239,0.00009989807,0.000096436605,0.00008858535,0.00012586504,0.00008069809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002456869,0.00017670033,0.00017889016,0.00031636425,0.000025463352,0.00005960108,0.00003653453,0.00011352563,0.000016085762],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036688511,0.00007188634,0.000009211392,0.00025220212,0.00022624819,0.0000018982006,0.00030159712,0.87706846,0.0050449674,0.11683185,0.000003531498,0.0001844734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028368126,0.000019790828,0.00005509994,0.000072502145,0.00022277143,0.000007901386,0.000031186435,0.9908444,0.000907019,0.004586834,0.0027431098,0.00022566604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002616739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000012440917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6180523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021083642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012035828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.720563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197909821","doi":"","title":"The Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Effect on the Output Fluid Temperature From Enhanced Geothermal Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"55th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Heat transfer coefficient; Geothermal gradient; Convection; Thermodynamics; Convective heat transfer; Heat transfer; Environmental science; Mechanics; Materials science; Geology; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.007402778745075926,"score_gpt":0.20096562394554882,"score_spread":0.1935628452004729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197909821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68771243,0.007506054,0.24458219,0.013071898,0.020079207,0.008260244,0.0014921385,0.0019303282,0.015365507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907161,0.00023418662,0.0000059803656,0.0012703986,0.0008321172,0.001499826,0.00017780218,0.00022887788,0.0050346823],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.994341,0.001077276,0.0009533214,0.0013762888,0.0010437527,0.0012083243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955937,0.0012152811,0.00013526215,0.0021875657,0.0005469235,0.0003212401],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094175135,0.00093043456,0.0008769346,0.00009833306,0.0019126047,0.0005629987,0.0011880035,0.0006219493,0.00023471523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000109019566,0.00058145315,0.0005381842,0.0008173786,0.000024528908,0.000106741674,0.00023569546,0.00091847085,0.0005991158],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012282118,0.00012330273,2.7494116e-7,0.000030636602,0.00026421808,0.000014792891,0.0004353042,0.23068467,0.47951958,0.28840217,0.0002570941,0.00014515135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015847347,0.00059519673,0.0000027163303,0.00026810914,0.00019187848,0.0000486284,0.0016110148,0.24740131,0.6739033,0.0015992854,0.0718735,0.0009203462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025357949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008224941,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3030037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032999142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023493137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199576517","doi":"10.3390/en14185705","title":"Organic Rankine Cycle-Ground Source Heat Pump with Seasonal Energy Storage Based Micro-Cogeneration System in Cold Climates: The Case for Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Cogeneration; Organic Rankine cycle; Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Heating system; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Engineering; Process engineering; Automotive engineering; Waste management; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Waste heat; Electricity generation; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.006367768825336056,"score_gpt":0.18622429540012195,"score_spread":0.1798565265747859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3199576517","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99222445,0.00078494434,0.004939533,0.0008433273,0.0001927942,0.000189545,0.000090942594,0.00010028485,0.0006342032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99560946,0.000008228942,0.0003063749,0.0005762961,0.00028622293,0.00057067553,0.00021306165,0.00007544401,0.0023542242],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984155,0.00016708446,0.00037110902,0.0004181775,0.0002297355,0.0003983878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886477,0.00024874185,0.000104316634,0.00050635816,0.00018766575,0.00008815176],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018246808,0.00027218342,0.00031191876,0.000051646333,0.00042998284,0.0001363565,0.00018498696,0.00009701414,0.00007428933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017758022,0.00020339973,0.000071926916,0.00042096063,0.000048712674,0.00008442311,0.000038371934,0.00009045671,0.0000022710435],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042664327,0.00004770003,0.000101483434,0.00008351586,0.000060163587,0.0003227663,0.00009296615,0.9009173,0.04798914,0.04969611,0.00039084276,0.0002553582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003286922,0.000077800665,0.00022976536,0.00021764055,0.00012758705,0.0012767776,0.005764547,0.33170906,0.21154279,0.00003273266,0.44491363,0.0008207432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7355224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.95569927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5692082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003907051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068823923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82944006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199725799","doi":"10.3390/en14185791","title":"Evaluation of Subsurface Heat Capacity through Oscillatory Thermal Response Tests","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal conductivity; Volumetric heat capacity; Heat capacity; Thermal diffusivity; Thermal; Thermal effusivity; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Thermal resistance; Soil thermal properties; Amplitude; Penetration depth; Materials science; Heat transfer; Soil science; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Heat spreader; Soil water; Hydraulic conductivity; Composite material; Thermal contact conductance; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.053294514869898384,"score_gpt":0.2862185928003083,"score_spread":0.23292407793040992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3199725799","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9694946,0.0012521757,0.000022006094,0.00026773007,0.00017435104,0.00006998022,0.000011734968,0.00007598865,0.028631438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99751467,0.00001838412,0.00057935965,0.00007095171,0.00008815257,0.000057945672,0.000010414496,0.00002408516,0.0016360406],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980192,0.00062238565,0.00028901186,0.00026243742,0.0006129721,0.0001939946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859643,0.00017344754,0.00007981295,0.0005498583,0.000559925,0.00004053297],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001045192,0.00014218556,0.00020904012,0.000031313106,0.000110379144,0.000020481482,0.0001320423,0.00010035557,0.0005952876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025071047,0.00013162578,0.000093562405,0.0002717297,0.00009593791,0.00013695774,0.00004740404,0.00007222551,0.000035370336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020690408,0.000043815664,0.00029109343,0.000006336383,0.00003840161,0.0000011933029,0.00057661405,0.5996144,0.380969,0.017652351,0.000113018665,0.00067312195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009734984,0.00004625974,0.084252976,0.000064239095,0.00012932841,0.000018071787,0.0010737209,0.0076537966,0.8264795,0.0028684519,0.076067634,0.00037253893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0048400927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010592825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59196055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008108195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024194275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7316805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3204823241","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2021-65814","title":"Numerical Simulation of a Canadian Well With Several Circumferential Rows of Internal Vortex Generators","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vortex generator; Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer coefficient; Mechanics; Fluent; Inlet; Environmental science; Vortex; Turbulence; Work (physics); Thermal; Meteorology; Computer simulation; Marine engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.010145303134518406,"score_gpt":0.21221057407907187,"score_spread":0.20206527094455345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3204823241","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8975895,0.00002102332,0.01686726,0.00008707323,0.00007640072,0.00005552073,0.000010053433,0.000017028104,0.08527614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997194,9.348807e-7,0.00067419437,0.00007754172,0.00007146158,0.0000066098833,0.000019851952,0.000013961658,0.0019414221],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930763,0.000032392036,0.0002490555,0.00014566931,0.0001301219,0.00013511523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994539,0.000015874888,0.00008239683,0.00018919379,0.00014811587,0.000110545625],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003028065,0.00008226072,0.00016242787,0.000107636144,0.000028131233,0.000009543218,0.00007702849,0.00005314652,0.0020781406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005427087,0.000068634785,0.000054217864,0.00034085917,0.000023196117,0.000040475265,0.000010275242,0.00004537846,0.00001729754],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009582721,0.000040668845,0.002610048,0.000010725574,0.00006063775,0.000004268482,0.000086418586,0.9609459,0.004277711,0.031118283,0.00007506789,0.00076069165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014565873,0.00013853074,0.032086663,0.00007648065,0.00007879863,0.000037296613,0.00038411393,0.7103618,0.12900025,0.0004183979,0.12546751,0.0004935795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.61650145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.36870876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2505841,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026246866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017740783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205533619","doi":"","title":"ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ СВАЙ FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPACT OF ENERGY PILE EFFICIENCY: A REVIEW ARTICLE","year":2021,"lang":"ru","type":"review","venue":"Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Efficient energy use; Pile; Environmental science; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.03415203261345821,"score_gpt":0.32069580737790176,"score_spread":0.28654377476444354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3205533619","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0081359185,0.9708035,0.0006691293,0.00034774156,0.0013249184,0.0024110365,0.00051896466,0.00034750544,0.015441272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20476782,0.78588736,0.000095916126,0.0004332802,0.0016477756,0.000899804,0.00085415307,0.00064627384,0.0047676],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98398936,0.0031882576,0.0051778276,0.0028298458,0.0019395183,0.0028752142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98542696,0.0026653248,0.004325962,0.0055198744,0.0010442438,0.0010176604],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028437492,0.0030958173,0.007534862,0.00052258215,0.0013698076,0.0004759145,0.0033503312,0.0014767277,0.009343458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012088845,0.0020642194,0.0066043087,0.0051334794,0.0007718016,0.00043159825,0.0011070386,0.0019864272,0.00074171094],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010982232,0.007470301,0.0009664551,0.083974876,0.013853373,0.00041804617,0.003884712,0.060481887,0.003567895,0.062937155,0.061600614,0.70073485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011326395,0.0006493254,0.0009393356,0.06593453,0.0039292704,0.00035187937,0.0008014004,0.0019030975,0.00085436465,0.00016558413,0.9199837,0.0033549033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.033222377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00084716384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85838306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010454993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002522193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993026},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205706315","doi":"10.1007/s11204-021-09743-x","title":"Factors Affecting Energy Pile Efficiency","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Foundation (evidence); Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal; Structural load; Civil engineering; Engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.012405978727839079,"score_gpt":0.20386275516355715,"score_spread":0.19145677643571807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3205706315","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5590344,0.00024820858,0.43675506,0.000056619465,0.000757262,0.000040068906,0.0000022502975,0.0002196228,0.0028865307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99907184,0.000029539415,0.00025777274,0.000024381274,0.000102904894,0.000012656869,0.000039120252,0.000025587196,0.00043621505],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936366,0.000012905638,0.00015420507,0.00020264121,0.00009742327,0.00016916274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964154,0.000045733283,0.000043312542,0.00015269898,0.000052640127,0.00006407849],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007859743,0.00011846824,0.000117078314,0.000049585637,0.00013062864,0.000069204514,0.00004932424,0.000059783455,0.00008470257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003946853,0.00011696053,0.00004078634,0.00020772014,0.0000028713816,0.00008042975,0.000035530447,0.00006075456,0.0000070672427],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[4.1389706e-7,0.000017113816,0.000015195054,0.000018040566,0.000016292639,0.0000011983681,0.00014375873,0.2715986,0.018679794,0.7050763,0.0000043390596,0.004428952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024218569,0.00002191769,0.00040216252,0.000038234637,0.000017247656,0.000011183862,0.00050090457,0.9319583,0.021929564,0.0017059203,0.042861037,0.00031133127],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048381646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016090057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7033704,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002658696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019426017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47695118},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3207595327","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.038","title":"Field-scale experimental and numerical analysis of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger for geothermal energy production","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Mechanics; Coaxial; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Mass flow rate; Thermal conductivity; Heat pump; Inlet; Thermal; Volumetric flow rate; Volume (thermodynamics); Materials science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics; Physics; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.011437794653889125,"score_gpt":0.23860381771773195,"score_spread":0.22716602306384281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3207595327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7886352,0.0053953584,0.18236133,0.0012389324,0.00086387544,0.00022062843,0.00009935163,0.00021778187,0.020967552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855625,0.00005419579,0.0007911224,0.0002731433,0.000393921,0.00031657633,0.00017199134,0.00003684676,0.01239968],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985411,0.000075988384,0.00037103883,0.00051299157,0.00019147695,0.00030737574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991468,0.00007448789,0.00010037108,0.0004283339,0.00013140593,0.000118583],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008134819,0.0002012298,0.00047155633,0.00016246653,0.0001394745,0.000030834,0.000109952336,0.00014885994,0.0004952976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018989631,0.00019667186,0.00020126718,0.00068892876,0.000048590817,0.00009178542,0.00006815328,0.00003450054,0.0000010111747],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008507233,0.00024828684,0.00017971842,0.000018041403,0.00047129838,0.0000024222516,0.00016111751,0.50970155,0.47511503,0.011167617,0.0005883683,0.0022614927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004990626,0.00014345133,0.00025007836,0.000016839416,0.00027475398,0.000015346513,0.000320092,0.06279439,0.76527697,0.00022779645,0.16990554,0.0002756474],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11047893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006091293,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44690713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003928983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051129926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89544445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208055067","doi":"10.3390/app112110338","title":"An Analytical Model for Transient Heat Transfer with a Time-Dependent Boundary in Solar- and Waste-Heat-Assisted Geothermal Borehole Systems: From Single to Multiple Boreholes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Thermal energy storage; Heat flux; Heat transfer; Geothermal energy; Thermal conduction; Geothermal heating; Geology; Mechanics; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.02542795714629209,"score_gpt":0.23931759632591368,"score_spread":0.2138896391796216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3208055067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9290869,0.00016691691,0.06763309,0.0004290498,0.00003224648,0.0005329959,0.00013969952,0.0000668823,0.001912215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99624914,0.0000021202338,0.0027263043,0.00023718817,0.00007265444,0.00044119885,0.000053888052,0.000034271838,0.00018324296],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99787885,0.00005684105,0.00038713598,0.0008144087,0.0003912267,0.00047153846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992342,0.00010876554,0.000016281992,0.00033799486,0.00006221345,0.00024053009],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031066607,0.00024362677,0.00038294884,0.00010983864,0.00033634758,0.00029522507,0.00026432858,0.00010881528,0.000022548102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000593308,0.00019611302,0.00005149506,0.0004285665,0.00024133985,0.00016611334,0.000023358136,0.00009501018,0.0000071927607],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001001706,0.0002932493,0.0002265554,0.000017809696,0.000025191259,0.000004988631,0.001174961,0.7795437,0.21293025,0.0043889205,0.000016681639,0.0012775451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001326964,0.0001706905,0.0013042911,0.000066192726,0.000036610847,0.000009440165,0.0026218654,0.9768411,0.015634825,0.00011574272,0.001508166,0.0003641401],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005428132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011907061,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1972974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057124755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016867643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8205748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208111073","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14662686.v1","title":"Optimization of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System Design","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; Rule of thumb; Payback period; Hybrid system; Engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.022397484806025065,"score_gpt":0.2208364677299382,"score_spread":0.19843898292391313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3208111073","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.023539463,0.00027689998,0.9444946,0.000073110234,0.00033118317,0.00037413882,0.000010834694,0.00027238167,0.03062737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97642523,0.000030011264,0.01669809,0.000038174687,0.00019507374,0.00027754524,0.00024369163,0.00007439458,0.006017811],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981791,0.00020158169,0.0006302614,0.00050930615,0.00026314342,0.00021661128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847066,0.00006768323,0.00023114997,0.0009021299,0.00024116668,0.000087188324],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023779307,0.000285401,0.00052712776,0.00009325925,0.00008045839,0.00010761823,0.0003276627,0.00019364471,0.00043868547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013737853,0.0002699006,0.0002008602,0.0001374992,0.000036012447,0.000054044212,0.00027715912,0.0001872903,0.000026427995],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048669835,0.00004703384,0.0000059635554,0.00035424068,0.00010540579,0.0000040044692,0.0000716369,0.9838584,0.0005214507,0.014679561,0.00007041033,0.0002770173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020754988,0.000015239036,0.000023880848,0.0003991964,0.000078970734,0.000043391665,0.0007220022,0.9852951,0.010051404,0.000056156645,0.0027615987,0.0003455207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.033570576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010941766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95288575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012213238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012742919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208838730","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14639094.v1","title":"Towards determining the effect of shallow depth horizontal ground loop clearance on the heat loss of a single family residential dwelling","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; Ventilation (architecture); Thermal; Transient (computer programming); Loop (graph theory); Atmospheric sciences; Foundation (evidence); Thermal energy storage; Soil water; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Materials science; Soil science; Geology; Physics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.024365181309671826,"score_gpt":0.2508026615043809,"score_spread":0.22643748019470908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3208838730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736078,0.00033820805,0.0011479008,0.00014896698,0.00034547414,0.0004288731,0.000011847881,0.000046163383,0.023924796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878424,0.00003334161,0.00012849117,0.00006655515,0.00027318858,0.00015382882,0.000026184187,0.00006136118,0.00047283265],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767894,0.00039372226,0.0006421747,0.0005017784,0.00049830176,0.00028506937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99795693,0.00048184156,0.00030788354,0.0010730476,0.00013272963,0.00004756537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048142092,0.000359159,0.0006180724,0.000055964818,0.00016497151,0.00012114016,0.0007554848,0.00026805678,0.00009458421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080632155,0.00020587647,0.00044355277,0.00017979079,0.00017354533,0.000047071586,0.00040354743,0.000441795,0.000009838975],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008192774,0.0005518214,0.00438996,0.0015485677,0.0013738818,0.00004342858,0.002500676,0.8034256,0.10677848,0.039021857,0.0002057121,0.039340705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0049875905,0.0050569694,0.27098033,0.009644036,0.0014221236,0.000081171886,0.005729184,0.07421191,0.6163114,0.0015977158,0.00638765,0.0035899298],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037935223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005262473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7292137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006358984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007898562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9684712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3210161069","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14663220.v1","title":"Experimental And Numerical Invetigation Of Dependence Of Soil Thermal Conductivity On Temperature Water Content, And Soil Texture","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Loam; Soil texture; Thermal conductivity; Saturation (graph theory); Soil science; Water content; Texture (cosmology); Soil thermal properties; Materials science; Hydraulic conductivity; Environmental science; Soil water; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Composite material; Mathematics","score_opus":0.027610590036634682,"score_gpt":0.24515638082153024,"score_spread":0.21754579078489555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3210161069","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99625206,0.00047702788,0.000079984195,0.00023646513,0.000096706965,0.00017332159,0.00002209437,0.000023973053,0.0026383554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99877954,0.000013365446,0.00010901854,0.00010134562,0.00006666616,0.00007563992,0.00008429569,0.000023434694,0.0007467089],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874794,0.00011309507,0.00034081115,0.00044461858,0.00020644657,0.00014710629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925864,0.00003272415,0.00016485094,0.00035132503,0.00011624552,0.000076209115],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010362797,0.00024602524,0.0004477072,0.000042703854,0.00005407511,0.00004055469,0.00011226788,0.0003631931,0.00019152787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010794462,0.00016832179,0.00008186685,0.000040890736,0.00016221269,0.0000719681,0.00026821397,0.0003085079,0.0000013915227],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002842343,0.0001356935,0.00064107985,0.000115951545,0.00007775666,0.000001881826,0.00092834793,0.007893364,0.983541,0.006261741,0.000012541196,0.00036222144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003606069,0.00005678464,0.0044228947,0.00013046965,0.000021306723,0.000011341173,0.0013001628,0.0012746654,0.99205476,0.0000937154,0.00007191426,0.00020138994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013399946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025411946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013145827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000182278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039974842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9931699},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216498659","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14647293.v1","title":"Design of a 'smart manifold' for geothermal HVAC installations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Sizing; HVAC; Payback period; Heat pump; Manifold (fluid mechanics); Engineering; Architectural engineering; Computer science; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Air conditioning; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.038874914814347857,"score_gpt":0.25613150934880186,"score_spread":0.217256594534454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3216498659","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.041559815,0.00042339257,0.82490826,0.00065100193,0.0005524283,0.0018559546,0.00013018186,0.0002900629,0.1296289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9535139,0.000024792129,0.026269961,0.000118905744,0.00018928037,0.001180717,0.00021406886,0.00007890955,0.018409463],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985685,0.00006911232,0.00054285815,0.00042317944,0.00016269545,0.00023370725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855584,0.00012234584,0.0002735869,0.00072967896,0.00025101568,0.000067520006],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018070806,0.00024823894,0.0004203649,0.00009281343,0.000080832986,0.000055123586,0.00029729377,0.00030838168,0.0012388906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002083617,0.00023906652,0.0002513256,0.000111746864,0.000027077273,0.000044817636,0.00021215825,0.0001476212,0.000018839104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016557195,0.00011389266,0.000029561143,0.00017820198,0.00020005723,0.0000010547336,0.00020398891,0.7892462,0.0064987303,0.20198499,0.000455772,0.0010710008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002933459,0.0002814257,0.0036856926,0.0008463965,0.00059531693,0.00003623514,0.0015214123,0.61228865,0.039323185,0.02694741,0.30880022,0.0027405885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010240704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013705381,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9119541,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039212275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002127025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99967414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216505134","doi":"10.11575/prism/30022","title":"Benefits and Barriers to Increased Geothermal Industries in Alberta","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Geothermal gradient; Natural resource economics; Geology; Economics","score_opus":0.01941136607676513,"score_gpt":0.23956056428069747,"score_spread":0.22014919820393233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3216505134","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93448514,0.000023345068,0.0000010057167,0.0011960601,0.00001803286,0.00034851057,0.0000070311075,0.0000014080376,0.06391944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919392,0.0000016870964,0.00030860864,0.00027320598,0.000033509794,0.00023039588,0.000008704366,0.000016351636,0.0071883393],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927527,0.000032145574,0.00018132431,0.00024029441,0.00006713162,0.00020385641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939305,0.000047012694,0.000036491165,0.0002264833,0.00002593022,0.0002710131],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000093631104,0.00010855502,0.00014856766,0.000055648212,0.00007480132,0.00015913641,0.00025021387,0.000085692045,0.008096959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006656444,0.00009841919,0.00001143064,0.00019429404,0.000028144117,0.00019680546,0.00013405543,0.00006651835,0.0009664712],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049259583,0.000103134764,0.058760513,0.000007404628,0.00006232965,0.000004117202,0.0040330384,0.03612707,0.006435083,0.021456994,0.0016749175,0.87128615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013897513,0.00007240433,0.19502343,0.00011160963,0.000012942177,0.000011808426,0.0016882044,0.0012124205,0.0083999345,0.00019314142,0.7913161,0.0005682846],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.38182414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05296803,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8707179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016935755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056090248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3217317119","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14665014.v1","title":"Experimental study of the performance of a vertical and a horizontal ground loops coupled to a ground source heat pump system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Mode (computer interface); Range (aeronautics); Mechanics; Engineering; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Computer science; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.014775367591071021,"score_gpt":0.2369041000782051,"score_spread":0.22212873248713408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3217317119","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99727523,0.00019519683,0.00014844631,0.000033050434,0.00022020227,0.0009297295,0.0000053219305,0.000047172125,0.0011456592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878454,0.0000022408271,0.000050009847,0.000021217702,0.000085281405,0.0005061545,0.0000070271276,0.000040486946,0.0005030418],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980471,0.00012564777,0.0006525168,0.00051643833,0.00042840882,0.00022989567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987451,0.00004553647,0.0001042791,0.00087734,0.00011159608,0.00011619323],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016881975,0.00029853926,0.00063952524,0.00005751611,0.0001231468,0.00006812381,0.00038645839,0.00017139068,0.00005326113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007537783,0.00021474177,0.00013836955,0.00018939759,0.00008424149,0.00004694047,0.001001644,0.00021358588,0.000003613828],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008275328,0.012131057,0.019818615,0.004463994,0.0027627433,0.000025915724,0.051427048,0.34499756,0.5169687,0.045724407,0.000043732314,0.00080865587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0072167735,0.004533792,0.12125564,0.0031373438,0.0007797674,0.0003141367,0.30793422,0.4056892,0.1459891,0.000011465773,0.0008888239,0.0022497224],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.085936934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025654002,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37097964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013080573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000075832446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92014986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W379962131","doi":"10.1007/s12665-015-4533-1","title":"Shallow and deep geothermal energy potential in low heat flow/cold climate environment: northern Québec, Canada, case study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Earth Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"Hydro-Québec; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Drilling; Geothermal energy; Geology; Environmental science; Geothermal heating; Geothermal exploration; Hydrology (agriculture); Petroleum engineering; Earth science; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.007398719395415573,"score_gpt":0.18027332838718824,"score_spread":0.17287460899177265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W379962131","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99797344,0.0006234797,0.00003173686,0.00017200447,0.0000934173,0.00019351773,0.000020193062,0.000020607613,0.00087158073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989856,0.000043183714,0.00009770697,0.00018124458,0.000077887,0.00007934562,0.0000065269323,0.000024088835,0.0005044259],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979375,0.00011371883,0.00034553726,0.0005748425,0.0005247827,0.000503611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934465,0.000024612267,0.00007154532,0.0002731177,0.0000027678846,0.0002833375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026910362,0.0002503335,0.00022755784,0.000069840215,0.0003570901,0.00006415029,0.00023107223,0.00005769053,0.0003317346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026072428,0.0002237192,0.000037172245,0.00011263102,0.00032149014,0.0002064767,0.00016403681,0.00009540884,0.00004529467],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001377174,0.00041688,0.21686919,0.00000450837,0.000021829113,0.0010811115,0.0012078444,0.77570564,0.0010401446,0.00013942341,0.0000065402114,0.003493106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057599405,0.0011498301,0.37986997,0.000048413032,0.00008758131,0.0020327996,0.050437387,0.48549047,0.0010767747,0.000061087165,0.0718276,0.0021581352],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.973586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9944719,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29021516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012989006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012196195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9123004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W385174149","doi":"","title":"Suivi énergétique du bâtiment tertiaire Polimmo, 5 route des Jeunes à Genève, rénové MINERGIE® et équipé de pompes à chaleur couplées à des sondes géothermiques - Aspects techniques et économiques","year":2014,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Art; Physics","score_opus":0.012024557961451313,"score_gpt":0.20857006479111842,"score_spread":0.1965455068296671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W385174149","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8942584,0.0023648832,0.05445946,0.0050726817,0.00014232412,0.0004920563,0.00031120842,0.0004512368,0.04244778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9438184,0.007381056,0.03552572,0.0008337669,0.0002720238,0.000016843684,0.00014251015,0.00014673953,0.011862924],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959997,0.0011477576,0.00050256273,0.00086540997,0.00027623368,0.001208334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99743104,0.0003455869,0.00054585084,0.00083689246,0.0003084419,0.0005321817],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009052529,0.00073051,0.0009053272,0.00044765067,0.0007611494,0.00011160475,0.0010708035,0.00038088573,0.0003280904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006825663,0.0008722071,0.0004961704,0.0003352515,0.0017625056,0.00078441494,0.00051258045,0.0003459383,0.000048069134],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027076478,0.0011902722,0.028277483,0.00092024007,0.0012335852,0.00008875919,0.032888036,0.020262778,0.10794411,0.7498427,0.0050587202,0.052022535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028699609,0.00203931,0.21630867,0.003298444,0.0008274378,0.0002868285,0.017343199,0.09489479,0.099318445,0.09082375,0.4684269,0.0035622667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17786516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17928681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.659019,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048184596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004745042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99937284},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200015295","doi":"10.3390/w13243526","title":"Are Engineered Geothermal Energy Systems a Viable Solution for Arctic Off-Grid Communities? A Techno-Economic Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Work (physics); Petroleum engineering; Fossil fuel; Thermal energy; Process engineering; Engineering; Geology; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.017696691136111657,"score_gpt":0.21359493094886606,"score_spread":0.1958982398127544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200015295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.992185,0.00045810608,0.0029455468,0.00043280926,0.00085423817,0.0005629645,0.00009846795,0.00031371246,0.0021491593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889551,0.000006192255,0.00007207591,0.00010296687,0.00041346857,0.001536095,0.00018230615,0.00006703106,0.008664788],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987842,0.00008692666,0.00036618504,0.00024810105,0.000099998295,0.00041461826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901456,0.00003951401,0.000109812376,0.0006580857,0.000112879425,0.000065122535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016851789,0.00020768518,0.0003205715,0.00008004578,0.00024203464,0.000112940805,0.0002213665,0.00011503243,0.00025433503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004780243,0.00017116209,0.00010632164,0.00006739412,0.000028689794,0.000106872656,0.000086886605,0.00009031846,0.00011574529],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057069647,0.0007573513,0.0017646742,0.0002314132,0.000541946,0.000021575519,0.001658269,0.94926006,0.019659935,0.023930185,0.0010645869,0.0010529604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002174754,0.00013493687,0.0010737042,0.00012322825,0.00011157569,0.00007408565,0.007327309,0.29718298,0.009793207,0.0003596143,0.6809722,0.00067236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06473662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0086946245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6799077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013900966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026881798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94149137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200023561","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103932","title":"Numerical approach for sizing vertical ground heat exchangers based on constant design load and desired outlet temperature","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Sizing; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Heat transfer; Materials science; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.022535821687599322,"score_gpt":0.22664438175898,"score_spread":0.20410856007138067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200023561","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.120705515,0.0008099044,0.877624,0.00031343388,0.00020074534,0.00011749945,0.00000266631,0.000039897364,0.00018636981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90995353,0.000009067466,0.08962567,0.00010548874,0.0002366423,0.000016897053,0.0000016631923,0.000032610347,0.000018446204],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909014,0.00003443914,0.0002917855,0.00015857043,0.00020707784,0.0002180032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993109,0.00026493956,0.000044062625,0.00012078895,0.00012700011,0.00013227684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031174108,0.00014472102,0.00027603042,0.00007412982,0.00007464967,0.00007824487,0.0000804028,0.00009342736,0.0000063897014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017600531,0.0001259862,0.00010079081,0.00014876542,0.000014275592,0.00006965505,0.000010591231,0.00018836817,2.4705236e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003705082,0.000037890262,0.000012036102,0.00005318702,0.000039506947,0.00001838435,0.00004678925,0.81685543,0.17927575,0.003310459,0.000042660893,0.00027082124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010620272,0.00012280644,0.00016865104,0.00022934846,0.00004835195,0.00020671012,0.000078554294,0.95806247,0.03624868,0.000041756277,0.003508833,0.00022179178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023427556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.4175235e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.789248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012008014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007948568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5137568},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200392970","doi":"10.3390/w13243560","title":"Alternative Use of Artificial Quarry Lakes as a Source of Thermal Energy for Greenhouses","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Aquifer; Groundwater; Hydrology (agriculture); Greenhouse gas; Resource (disambiguation); Volume (thermodynamics); Thermal energy; Geology; Mining engineering; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.02978160615717879,"score_gpt":0.2428471156684293,"score_spread":0.2130655095112505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200392970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938409,0.000033225115,0.004464591,0.00015917697,0.0000787457,0.000053735148,0.000019389787,0.000024559662,0.0013256904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915418,0.0000026660598,0.00030227003,0.000106181345,0.0001677545,0.00006619148,0.00003454533,0.000028150862,0.0077504576],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923205,0.00004659793,0.0002815466,0.00016491562,0.00011131817,0.00016358765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994196,0.000064915104,0.000085661406,0.000239753,0.00015778672,0.00003222959],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000049276212,0.00009693552,0.00019596206,0.000035686233,0.000039931434,0.000015327332,0.000092009956,0.00005875517,0.00025101364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015883737,0.000069292466,0.00011924524,0.000053597592,0.000053864394,0.00006769333,0.00003475735,0.000026053542,0.000015527241],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066288536,0.00015568228,0.00017557458,0.000033518554,0.00013481433,0.00000319876,0.001195185,0.07919784,0.7618644,0.14966166,0.00010775999,0.0074040783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017044428,0.00003946683,0.00014760664,0.00001734799,0.000018682102,0.000003120114,0.00012826061,0.0021744517,0.84688467,0.0019802095,0.14834398,0.00009173891],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023936104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031434374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14823623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000064635633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021144946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9825636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200593721","doi":"10.1002/9781119713173.ch4","title":"Energy and Exergy Analyses","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Exergy efficiency; Second law of thermodynamics; Process engineering; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Energy storage; Efficient energy use; Thermodynamics; Range (aeronautics); Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.029551668979241597,"score_gpt":0.2803706248515374,"score_spread":0.2508189558722958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200593721","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008020125,0.006704139,0.00090321177,0.00007403568,0.00009451668,0.000023980876,0.00000671664,0.00019282145,0.99199253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0037618564,0.0007036485,0.00054895587,0.00026759016,0.00044059343,0.00006247266,0.00012554995,0.00032468946,0.99376464],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917924,0.00003292172,0.00016072532,0.00035104546,0.00010967257,0.00016640546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993727,0.00001637822,0.00009190441,0.0004128162,0.000018566601,0.000087589695],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000018688306,0.000217735,0.00032007022,0.0001277946,0.000032600474,0.000035893183,0.00010698546,0.00024669225,0.032222338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000028244667,0.00018040997,0.000077393655,0.00015551016,0.000038192036,0.00000887685,0.000059354177,0.000040704566,0.000034871508],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.068138e-7,0.000030949148,0.000008122836,0.000040428393,0.00023055787,0.000010951542,0.0000073739016,0.00018336326,0.001019512,0.5379364,0.4465214,0.014010244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009081005,0.0000041270578,0.00001663825,0.00006105553,0.000026374173,0.0000087363105,0.00002990229,0.00019185392,0.00029515458,0.00023380158,0.99882215,0.00021937101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14769565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.038634326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55230075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008492607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023312403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97890806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200616950","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-323-85176-3.00003-2","title":"Geothermal Energy-Based Hydrogen Production","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Flashing; Geothermal energy; Hydrogen production; Geothermal power; Environmental science; Geothermal desalination; Process engineering; Electricity generation; Production (economics); Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Hydrogen; Power (physics); Geology; Materials science; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Economics","score_opus":0.013503306225417054,"score_gpt":0.21120666077833694,"score_spread":0.19770335455291987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200616950","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00023237686,0.001313861,0.000012802459,0.00021443832,0.00045603322,0.00023209778,0.000027134089,0.00024064888,0.9972706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011172877,0.000029535306,0.00014256919,0.00059718953,0.0016330759,0.00026960307,0.00023878003,0.0002613799,0.985655],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977154,0.000049668368,0.0005886888,0.000841373,0.00041638454,0.00038849202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980693,0.000025455227,0.0003617851,0.0011981596,0.00017998496,0.00016531078],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014091266,0.00057371566,0.0005937909,0.0001517427,0.0001995284,0.000050734856,0.00031999126,0.00051374675,0.0017832993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008535019,0.0005700236,0.00043040744,0.000030398016,0.00012378047,0.00003542423,0.00007531188,0.00031286356,0.00039700506],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000087756935,0.000020964906,0.0000011798361,0.00006200998,0.00017173284,0.000028670347,0.00002950069,0.0036691972,0.0012794291,0.25153023,0.00013218867,0.74306613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019960245,0.000020851323,0.000003846267,0.00028810263,0.000112482296,0.000027106134,0.0000044633425,0.00014974752,0.0033221839,0.004136672,0.991136,0.0005989082],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009609046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000679995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9910039,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119479766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002365001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205241195","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102302","title":"Deconvolution of experimental thermal response test data to recover short-term g-function","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Deconvolution; Term (time); Thermal; Function (biology); Algorithm; Borehole; Test data; Applied mathematics; Computer science; Mathematics; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.04027023373099807,"score_gpt":0.2748469823429378,"score_spread":0.23457674861193972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205241195","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946104,0.0001240442,0.00038549045,0.0001572241,0.0002799959,0.00023802648,0.00025690114,0.000077428514,0.0038704572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963561,0.0000017393428,0.0001742677,0.00028695798,0.00012665038,0.0001863139,0.0001649755,0.000049038517,0.0026539555],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868715,0.00014271682,0.00032605187,0.00037454694,0.00024185746,0.00022766298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986651,0.00010252626,0.000099728735,0.0010246964,0.00003347661,0.000074459334],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045867902,0.00014212728,0.00016670048,0.00009329136,0.00021687247,0.000016800883,0.00053489883,0.00004970508,0.0017570874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033828834,0.00015081669,0.00005542363,0.00024497544,0.000033621756,0.0001225668,0.00038456632,0.00010618051,0.00007761664],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00073357846,0.00040317545,0.0024749858,0.000006412712,0.000045245175,0.0000030731303,0.0005118822,0.07594935,0.90619665,0.004562699,0.0009871223,0.008125816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015990275,0.0014716797,0.12807392,0.00003752969,0.00008746354,0.000075315475,0.0028837402,0.031878047,0.03676846,0.00024030503,0.7958092,0.0010753007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018533927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017663054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8694282,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012837698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006258073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99915546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205532516","doi":"10.2172/971208","title":"Air-Source Integrated Heat Pump for Near-Zero Energy Houses: Technology Status Report","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Zero-energy building; Heat pump; Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Zero (linguistics); Service (business); Test (biology); Engineering; Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Computer science; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Efficient energy use; Electrical engineering; Geography; Business; Physics","score_opus":0.02180002973881176,"score_gpt":0.2780507933563082,"score_spread":0.25625076361749644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205532516","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005345891,0.0025999525,0.23753148,0.00086095126,0.0026036466,0.0013460773,0.0002850529,0.0042546894,0.74517226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.18576348,0.0009874533,0.0067752134,0.0008372734,0.0011455034,0.0029298018,0.0045172325,0.00090752484,0.7961365],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945918,0.00004471074,0.0018384116,0.0013821133,0.0008125691,0.0013304201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951984,0.00020634917,0.0007337058,0.0020285288,0.0014929967,0.0003399857],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070229796,0.00089238625,0.0013418422,0.0006724924,0.00036956734,0.000103500824,0.000615393,0.0021520085,0.00049679383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004764647,0.0007597142,0.0005318862,0.0011060453,0.00029021341,0.000080414095,0.00017734793,0.0005899752,0.00007369062],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022595172,0.0012021842,0.0019265133,0.000926702,0.0032595992,0.0010506634,0.00019189979,0.14005394,0.0024641778,0.22591144,0.37326446,0.24952248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040932113,0.00010937384,0.00004266256,0.00014034273,0.00012959141,0.0011234826,0.00015667698,0.0011451376,0.0023043968,0.0007934562,0.9928188,0.00082680036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2650745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020853164,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6195543,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007319843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020475201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206155102","doi":"10.1109/tsg.2021.3133377","title":"Ground Source Heat Pump Modeling, Operation, and Participation in Electricity Markets","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Electricity; Heat pump; Electricity retailing; Electricity system; Environmental economics; Electricity generation; Environmental science; Electricity market; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Economics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01761187000726148,"score_gpt":0.246183376816868,"score_spread":0.22857150680960653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206155102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72799927,0.000059884907,0.269977,0.00042744802,0.00022082371,0.000114450384,0.000007929333,0.00006620291,0.0011270008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99773484,0.00008371087,0.00012557217,0.00025272396,0.000095292424,0.0002148765,0.000016310027,0.000025402178,0.0014512768],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99882877,0.00012501416,0.00031957583,0.00033405356,0.0001553901,0.00023719353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995032,0.000052933377,0.000024218769,0.0002588532,0.0000714078,0.000089373556],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015469508,0.00014716489,0.00017212104,0.0001014768,0.0002331562,0.00006950089,0.00005885176,0.00010121865,0.00024420713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000051477055,0.00015347231,0.00005491536,0.00028783618,0.00002205498,0.00016360414,0.0000012274955,0.0001743482,0.000055825512],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025761283,0.00022564175,0.00010565104,0.000010737015,0.000022441573,0.0000029535117,0.00021074025,0.98737705,0.0065926453,0.00070448045,0.000025038107,0.0046968893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007587022,0.00004188841,0.0028314881,0.000028911469,0.000034002922,0.000025965996,0.00011369885,0.9587037,0.025826653,0.00017074248,0.011189626,0.00027461018],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00698125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009289245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26985142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067360794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049934835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206282141","doi":"10.3390/en15030698","title":"Development of a Low-Depth Modular GHX through a Real-Scale Experiment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Modular design; HVAC; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Efficient energy use; Lift (data mining); Environmental science; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Air conditioning; Computer science; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.018041824895645934,"score_gpt":0.24850022952075818,"score_spread":0.23045840462511225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206282141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94520175,0.0002903111,0.00019936991,0.000072802904,0.00012887505,0.00008766537,0.000006042229,0.00010759551,0.053905606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98535025,0.00001689198,0.00955682,0.00006171896,0.000057405694,0.00080600986,0.000031323198,0.00003216271,0.0040873955],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988236,0.000050482056,0.00035566065,0.00024554637,0.0003108864,0.00021385337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994079,0.000015293195,0.00012503925,0.00038471233,0.000029738343,0.000037304933],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010458499,0.00013975843,0.0002064622,0.000045240427,0.00027790962,0.0000111195695,0.00024740575,0.000026429769,0.00056421466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002132732,0.00013494775,0.00006885366,0.00019520964,0.000038534934,0.000055927427,0.00020676416,0.0000655556,0.000020698473],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016333823,0.00022260206,0.000057236164,0.000023903285,0.00006188728,0.0000028574632,0.0121424645,0.6497044,0.19013429,0.14447281,0.00035306773,0.0028081303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046665783,0.000038699065,0.0015662857,0.000019832209,0.0000094536945,0.0000060741468,0.009244846,0.0010178639,0.36518693,0.000712494,0.62141466,0.00031622322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0070045907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00069789856,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6486865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008931779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007510158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99960786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206405872","doi":"10.3390/en15010307","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Intermittent Operation of Horizontal Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Petroleum Technology Alliance Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Thermal conductivity; Volumetric flow rate; Heat transfer; Environmental science; Materials science; Mechanics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.022240031209280007,"score_gpt":0.25200359201237527,"score_spread":0.22976356080309526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206405872","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937894,0.00015670985,0.00003890989,0.00013070028,0.00025175416,0.00020470601,0.000013531145,0.000062968356,0.0053513325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985193,0.000003893599,0.00003798677,0.00012032939,0.00009265034,0.0005470051,0.000039112827,0.000023635008,0.0006160659],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990053,0.00013081543,0.00023691056,0.00022661459,0.00025761322,0.00014272242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952304,0.000034296627,0.00005868059,0.000309433,0.00004010691,0.00003443555],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000055542492,0.00012848675,0.00019287899,0.000094422656,0.00021999251,0.000017307066,0.00018676485,0.000021114425,0.00029895786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000033090746,0.000119534496,0.000071645685,0.00015037261,0.00003150056,0.000047241556,0.00013327562,0.00009196006,0.000016161679],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004632387,0.00046692806,0.0003109187,0.0000073967058,0.00006865705,0.0000075755565,0.0037390813,0.9402273,0.032603767,0.018797297,0.00030504106,0.003419704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005822775,0.007915347,0.10347571,0.00006010692,0.00013975451,0.000055424785,0.2494806,0.0353111,0.06700989,0.00046964484,0.52875084,0.0015088153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007834737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051381806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9049162,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006728167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014116222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987722},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206509301","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2021.778501","title":"Hybrid Solar Geothermal Heat Pump System Model Demonstration Study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Geothermal gradient; Water cooling; Heating system; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Thermal; Physics","score_opus":0.03211630973937885,"score_gpt":0.282676830509814,"score_spread":0.25056052077043517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206509301","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9284004,0.000665303,0.027428804,0.00033110566,0.00088422897,0.00077626697,0.000051071645,0.00027556502,0.04118723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899849,0.000015085343,0.00040025733,0.00003846272,0.00017085757,0.00249118,0.00005660653,0.00008102775,0.006761617],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.995481,0.0012096304,0.00054677663,0.0006865394,0.001236033,0.0008399933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987762,0.0000636996,0.000062080675,0.0007997122,0.00013264088,0.00016569803],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020005554,0.0002293392,0.00036802163,0.000669171,0.0010170597,0.00009059795,0.0007905978,0.0000736767,0.0001224286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021941023,0.00024310865,0.00009816582,0.00084257516,0.00011207608,0.00016664034,0.00036063013,0.0006307683,0.000015614503],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000081365935,0.00046414495,0.0031236561,0.000015971149,0.000056232606,0.000059967202,0.0003713508,0.9494249,0.0005028267,0.040077258,0.002749326,0.003072964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085503934,0.00017029674,0.00036793365,0.0000136898325,0.000008836642,0.000025447696,0.00958657,0.9586577,0.00042706632,0.0011057289,0.028519392,0.0002623423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02894456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010689377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061584484,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008779546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025868425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9913683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206708073","doi":"10.9734/psij/2021/v25i1030285","title":"Habitat Cooling by a Canadian Well in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): Numerical Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Science International Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Habitat; Context (archaeology); Environmental science; Work (physics); Air temperature; Airflow; Thermal; Fresh air; Computer simulation; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Ecology; Geography; Mechanics; Geology; Physics; Biology; Geomorphology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010780491338985603,"score_gpt":0.25939686178182864,"score_spread":0.24861637044284304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206708073","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85568875,0.00009717161,0.004757294,0.0049249292,0.0008025978,0.00007819785,0.00001904437,0.000032131094,0.13359986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977092,0.0000068537724,0.000606569,0.00052271306,0.00059213425,0.00001555608,0.000013632296,0.000011506386,0.0005218013],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981893,0.000046905498,0.0002550671,0.00032128542,0.00074868766,0.00043879513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900347,0.00004249738,0.00008680615,0.00014079353,0.00031017585,0.00041624164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026116855,0.00011964292,0.00015078485,0.00015611874,0.00023065197,0.00035307783,0.000739916,0.00003605595,0.00018386992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009152321,0.00010641352,0.00008971585,0.00065852335,0.00015469873,0.00035413826,0.00007690077,0.00031803272,0.00012625847],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007712454,0.002234906,0.014293818,0.000010779776,0.00014864697,0.00056123425,0.0023234356,0.35134432,0.13197422,0.4201606,0.005368682,0.07150224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016038097,0.00006111032,0.03185868,0.00009949937,0.000015124706,0.0011674131,0.0013339457,0.4958934,0.012506332,0.012219529,0.44236466,0.00087652163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04376097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007677718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43699598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047821953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059255504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9626067},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206941382","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111892","title":"Renewable heating solutions for buildings; a techno-economic comparative study of sewage heat recovery and Solar Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Mitacs","keywords":"Renewable energy; Thermal energy storage; Borehole; Fossil fuel; Natural gas; Environmental science; Waste management; Engineering; Solar energy; Renewable heat; Zero-energy building; Heat pump; Boiler (water heating); Heating system; Passive solar building design; Environmental engineering; Solar air conditioning; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Hybrid heat; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01672770154101173,"score_gpt":0.2266448957701428,"score_spread":0.20991719422913108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206941382","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98993975,0.0010226701,0.005740813,0.000082224535,0.00017229146,0.000277091,0.000104751176,0.00015189378,0.002508521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968124,0.000024515353,0.00063081563,0.0000591431,0.00014431185,0.0010066782,0.000037898797,0.000050838087,0.0012333769],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980586,0.00014148881,0.0005596048,0.00060084154,0.00017561577,0.00046384195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990448,0.00016479817,0.00026374406,0.0003616131,0.000054826676,0.00011021867],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048765892,0.00029805582,0.0005642299,0.000216454,0.0014225922,0.000066504916,0.0002489324,0.0000987197,0.00003488999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007233682,0.0003052215,0.00010364985,0.0002470942,0.00009237634,0.0001945074,0.00035272856,0.000119025644,3.4742877e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011179225,0.00024396676,0.00017623589,0.00005069252,0.00019620323,0.0000029291898,0.0010729581,0.7936764,0.032484762,0.16989467,0.00033620995,0.0017532188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007873524,0.004134688,0.00064678804,0.0002981347,0.00046667948,0.00025523358,0.06589163,0.36459824,0.033663344,0.003171545,0.51674163,0.0022585383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1170145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00434925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5164054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017927455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055881974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210251867","doi":"10.3390/en15031152","title":"Effective Thermal Conductivity and Borehole Thermal Resistance in Selected Borehole Heat Exchangers for the Same Geology","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal conductivity; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Thermal; Thermal resistance; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.010977713867533828,"score_gpt":0.2274356651913116,"score_spread":0.21645795132377776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210251867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99149495,0.0028369562,0.000046815632,0.0017043613,0.00017246095,0.00050518307,0.00003991317,0.000087799635,0.0031115569],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933395,0.000018107039,0.00013047004,0.00029732377,0.00017213443,0.00345427,0.000030974523,0.000038269045,0.0025189824],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986187,0.00030652352,0.00019827228,0.00036240858,0.00014521531,0.00036887897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989532,0.00055650267,0.00007190208,0.00032956043,0.000049876297,0.0000389356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035173068,0.00018820545,0.00025265792,0.00007529261,0.0005450155,0.000028771374,0.00023977748,0.00006580918,0.00013785191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004325195,0.00014637328,0.000061407394,0.00036442798,0.00018633988,0.000089343106,0.00013910954,0.00020761321,0.0000022281606],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039877303,0.00015481967,0.004278667,0.000041240764,0.00015254521,0.000008608538,0.0045626224,0.78338146,0.112235725,0.08877459,0.0013102248,0.004700698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034137897,0.0003494737,0.46692914,0.000024909386,0.000057311918,0.000021926075,0.00473685,0.008604474,0.02050475,0.0032176164,0.4912873,0.0008524813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012616472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007927725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.774777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000079038015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000402853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210775143","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102319","title":"Analysis of the transient performance of coaxial and u-tube borehole heat exchangers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Coaxial; Heat exchanger; Piping; Transient (computer programming); Tube (container); Borehole; Materials science; Heat transfer; Thermal; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.009798119134159154,"score_gpt":0.2019928577764556,"score_spread":0.19219473864229644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210775143","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996703,0.00013345902,0.000027458209,0.00014997704,0.00005732346,0.00008673994,0.00007388479,0.000009886345,0.0027582413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991211,0.000022139107,0.000015857016,0.000100938145,0.000017247034,0.000044454904,0.000009988876,0.0000119660035,0.00065628847],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993291,0.000048785012,0.00020734927,0.00012410397,0.00017820518,0.00011245447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995466,0.000019276224,0.000083041865,0.0003023681,0.000025209549,0.00002350962],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013299972,0.00007262328,0.00018992991,0.000078880636,0.00012782076,0.0000033136716,0.00017555487,0.000023992412,0.00029780832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000019215179,0.00005648523,0.00011298185,0.00058696145,0.000082417726,0.000018973495,0.00005519211,0.0000622849,5.277376e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002456547,0.00006622961,0.0067287125,0.000025805233,0.0002534948,1.6962522e-7,0.0016023146,0.97073364,0.012130323,0.0046084956,0.000033499593,0.0037927483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011706367,0.0002550377,0.30542627,0.000025957623,0.0010375202,0.000011935794,0.0025329825,0.5245194,0.009672312,0.000100057354,0.15481503,0.00043283883],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046745944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046955346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44621423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018920051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001860676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70666194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211217775","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102353","title":"Impact of layered heterogeneity on thermal response test interpretation performed on a standing column well operated without bleed","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Column (typography); Bleed; Interpretation (philosophy); Test (biology); Geology; Environmental science; Engineering; Computer science; Medicine; Structural engineering; Surgery","score_opus":0.01641509243139129,"score_gpt":0.2768482361376239,"score_spread":0.2604331437062326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4211217775","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927361,0.000013668892,0.00006469628,0.000066460365,0.000088033274,0.00036631772,0.00018053604,0.0000951073,0.006389082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977473,0.00000242233,0.00003162179,0.00017597538,0.000045564262,0.00019616676,0.000051048653,0.00007627631,0.0016736444],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824315,0.00035584718,0.00040993444,0.00033849428,0.0003289803,0.0003235727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998825,0.00022898009,0.00026278032,0.00051149895,0.00008197542,0.0000897741],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051462103,0.00024255764,0.0003103184,0.00015878251,0.00032299437,0.000038952814,0.00029062407,0.00007809338,0.0012005848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065416076,0.00021665783,0.00017820254,0.00035021536,0.000054083524,0.00006420213,0.00006630028,0.00023381991,0.000064876105],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0033683358,0.0003762844,0.008143558,0.000009094793,0.00010895674,0.0000036299034,0.0007874912,0.8103983,0.17475604,0.00052066427,0.000047252877,0.0014804397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0059259483,0.007016088,0.2445029,0.00016860073,0.000083268955,0.000049174192,0.0011978328,0.6880095,0.04546984,0.00008709225,0.006352556,0.0011371751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032230364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002455781,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23635934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041512388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014380664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99971247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213319603","doi":"10.14796/jwmm.c483","title":"Thermal Mitigation of Stormwater Management Pond Outflows Using Geothermal Cooling","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Water Management Modeling","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto and Region Conservation Authority","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Stormwater; Outflow; Surface runoff; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Passive cooling; Hydrology (agriculture); Heat exchanger; Environmental engineering; Urban runoff; Thermal energy storage; Meteorology; Thermal; Geology; Engineering","score_opus":0.027300546613843277,"score_gpt":0.22379514353923033,"score_spread":0.19649459692538707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213319603","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9450477,0.00014345133,0.043222744,0.00015139978,0.00024061113,0.00017597823,0.0000013767523,0.000022782699,0.010993981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898942,0.000047832204,0.007947157,0.000087594904,0.000245682,0.000008276061,0.0000033133122,0.000046434547,0.0017194891],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980114,0.00005990008,0.000938369,0.00019050947,0.00045199608,0.00034780795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991445,0.000006699448,0.0003380948,0.0002876831,0.00014557102,0.000077476594],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044902487,0.00020536363,0.00031220078,0.00033096914,0.00012342552,0.000055766053,0.0003127534,0.00006369173,0.00037128152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000011447969,0.00014912864,0.00019995785,0.0001156975,0.000025014057,0.00033655445,0.00010539632,0.00011409949,0.000027231948],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032380347,0.000095010255,0.000039361596,0.00011581937,0.0003161142,0.000031038995,0.00074503006,0.9758385,0.015883299,0.0021109395,0.00002330589,0.0047692475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009884359,0.000036997924,0.00005129524,0.00021510266,0.00021772584,0.000018800643,0.00058966456,0.98825544,0.005444051,0.0003596402,0.0035998777,0.00022298194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016419787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000068060917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044846546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007892972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000025576899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60812896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W42133970","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-1063-3","title":"Optimizing the design of a geothermal district heating and cooling system located at a flooded mine in Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrogeology Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Drawdown (hydrology); Groundwater; Geothermal gradient; Heat pump; Groundwater flow; Aquifer; Permeability (electromagnetism); Petroleum engineering; Extraction (chemistry); Geothermal heating; Heat transfer; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Drilling; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal energy; Engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.011288889177892105,"score_gpt":0.18730617084258125,"score_spread":0.17601728166468913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W42133970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966777,0.00070354575,0.0016761841,0.00030838212,0.00006345208,0.00016611403,0.00000158036,0.000011359925,0.00039167237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991797,0.000014378625,0.0005275291,0.000068940884,0.000057935125,0.00005086899,0.0000021336311,0.000016762458,0.00008170553],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868673,0.00023003297,0.00050654274,0.00013827285,0.00012214074,0.00031629656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992051,0.00020017038,0.0002795251,0.00015551577,0.00007054562,0.00008912863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003086313,0.00013124383,0.0002704188,0.000058418627,0.00021170337,0.000018614584,0.0001694725,0.00006290499,0.00010668143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000257845,0.00009092503,0.000030624873,0.00016875431,0.00006940873,0.00005725338,0.000053341602,0.00019426049,0.000005811379],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002004353,0.000011975472,0.009463295,0.000019499204,0.000055308814,0.000026839942,0.000290458,0.9825366,0.0059802327,0.00090878445,0.000041750918,0.0006451957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009767507,0.000035260775,0.013833998,0.00013731967,0.000029740395,0.0021469863,0.0016227235,0.97890925,0.001808478,0.000045698565,0.0002832264,0.00017058889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9197794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.50059545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41918394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023404966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021887929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5085174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214501210","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2022.123528","title":"Energy targeting approach for optimum solar assisted ground source heat pump integration in buildings","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; Renewable energy; Photovoltaic system; Thermal energy storage; Renewable heat; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Solar irradiance; Zero-energy building; Solar energy; Air source heat pumps; Engineering; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Coefficient of performance; Waste heat; Nuclear engineering; Process engineering; Hybrid heat; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.015226255579478919,"score_gpt":0.22170458407652469,"score_spread":0.20647832849704575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214501210","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07997409,0.0007273759,0.8933113,0.0005836819,0.0004976447,0.0002834411,0.000036917634,0.0003984523,0.024187073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802266,0.000012879537,0.0058228355,0.0005301274,0.00036872533,0.0023991733,0.0007873188,0.00010245737,0.009749915],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99778897,0.00020684233,0.00056383316,0.00060935447,0.00031134996,0.0005196626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918383,0.00010330892,0.00015687743,0.00038236717,0.000068946385,0.00010466226],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004422671,0.00028722247,0.0003480872,0.00024464747,0.0005714954,0.000084914514,0.0004062288,0.00012841125,0.00018763251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002797078,0.00029787025,0.00018143319,0.0006093854,0.00003939511,0.0001580764,0.00016588627,0.00019264588,0.0000020539294],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041300325,0.00020330925,0.000025304369,0.000010295738,0.000030234853,0.000001787437,0.00022673773,0.7350189,0.025329882,0.2171132,0.0006594063,0.02133961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006878049,0.00007457257,0.00006110338,0.000009574839,0.000014257928,0.000018016402,0.0010680796,0.39662877,0.0045224503,0.0009463224,0.59561384,0.0003551739],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.059906956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010714814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90025246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027896493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004999222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214863558","doi":"10.1201/9780367466589-5","title":"Open-Loop, Single-Well (Standing-Column) Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Loop (graph theory); Column (typography); Mechanics; Environmental science; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mathematics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.0338657363580525,"score_gpt":0.22746545224601786,"score_spread":0.19359971588796537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214863558","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015413525,0.00095913385,0.00045380995,0.00025071454,0.0010277425,0.001078393,0.00006772311,0.00046220902,0.99554616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02869219,0.000081506805,0.000042037223,0.0004128589,0.000689887,0.0005454544,0.00035537974,0.00037224707,0.9688084],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99656934,0.000075887314,0.00097394595,0.0011119199,0.0006813231,0.0005875819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99762356,0.0001236654,0.00036302966,0.001488234,0.000118375756,0.0002831431],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003677376,0.0007278938,0.0009929587,0.00021946842,0.00064207765,0.0007130283,0.0015835215,0.0005007012,0.032529034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007178688,0.00071649434,0.00031478025,0.00011753079,0.00010028129,0.00024015803,0.0009553988,0.0005548659,0.0030694793],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019498699,0.000078686346,0.000002273293,0.00009025882,0.0002139733,0.000023918963,0.00005591592,0.026255624,0.00019349647,0.966037,0.006035824,0.0009935581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005211585,0.00013130635,0.0000014735714,0.00016453357,0.00009192328,0.000091669135,0.00018224858,0.0014168009,0.0000260477,0.0016060247,0.99488825,0.0008785638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08694059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027724144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98885244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000666396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010481554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214891356","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118774","title":"Flow rate control in standing column wells: A flexible solution for reducing the energy use and peak power demand of the built environment","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Efficient energy use; Volumetric flow rate; Column (typography); Flow (mathematics); Power (physics); Borehole; Work (physics); Simulation; Groundwater flow; Constant (computer programming); Environmental science; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Engineering; Groundwater; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Control (management)","score_opus":0.013699225479086656,"score_gpt":0.2002116085645304,"score_spread":0.18651238308544374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4214891356","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82824963,0.002186464,0.15066744,0.0032610104,0.0007391393,0.0018104134,0.00031645957,0.00017649496,0.012592952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99593073,0.00005554534,0.00017457936,0.0005348083,0.000060092032,0.0016248949,0.000019519333,0.000042669697,0.0015571663],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850374,0.00017250933,0.00041008834,0.00035714306,0.0002214863,0.00033505593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894464,0.00026147105,0.00022986282,0.0004972348,0.000017504392,0.000049259517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048457828,0.00018561933,0.0002588976,0.00006757608,0.0005598907,0.000042135667,0.00027969768,0.000065688146,0.00010130697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001157966,0.00013769808,0.000090457914,0.00022298512,0.00010953665,0.000057813875,0.00018519758,0.00010728546,6.922797e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008817657,0.00006642487,0.00004924683,0.0000066647603,0.000044349716,3.1975762e-7,0.00022945281,0.6751143,0.06361186,0.259078,0.00035261436,0.0013586568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030010915,0.00011925901,0.002408833,0.000028464494,0.00007815428,0.000010178122,0.00083741685,0.26687813,0.014990675,0.00672217,0.7045114,0.00041419672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021873375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016039273,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7041588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015442635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003972607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98464006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220769788","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118381","title":"Long-term performance investigation of a GSHP with actual size energy pile with PCM","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Pile; Borehole; Phase-change material; Geothermal energy; Foundation (evidence); Engineering; Heat exchanger; Coefficient of performance; Thermal energy storage; Geothermal gradient; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Phase change; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.005293881850879491,"score_gpt":0.15661042668394284,"score_spread":0.15131654483306337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220769788","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99291277,0.000029302993,0.0015240087,0.000020974605,0.000031684627,0.00013263985,0.000006813423,0.00015116161,0.005190669],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981184,0.0000025560396,0.0006173893,0.000053878208,0.00008376193,0.0006428848,0.000036243862,0.00007535455,0.0003695187],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989412,0.000013499371,0.00023131414,0.00024853027,0.00029113374,0.00027434292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932885,0.00005637192,0.000168074,0.00033659543,0.000028713946,0.00008140094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008380734,0.00021210469,0.00022117996,0.0000686172,0.00013907712,0.000014490889,0.00023264601,0.00004126702,0.00026832818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021357778,0.00017933043,0.000031861015,0.00035241825,0.00004552033,0.00007871494,0.00007233629,0.00015648807,0.000005345991],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000076978795,0.000028353119,0.000774087,0.000043736087,0.00006516967,0.0000027592805,0.00033522522,0.8437553,0.12598668,0.02654227,0.0000023801858,0.002387062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065331883,0.0016238879,0.27230126,0.00027990594,0.00024611028,0.00019858527,0.00091508403,0.12681356,0.57472926,0.00008261558,0.013528553,0.0027479662],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046946877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040422474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7169417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005562458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045706372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73128825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4221041814","doi":"10.20944/preprints202203.0173.v1","title":"Estimation of In-Situ Heat Capacity and Thermal Diffusivity from Undisturbed Ground Temperature Profile Measured in Ground Heat Exchangers.","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Institut national de la recherche scientifique","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Heat capacity; Thermal conductivity; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Volumetric heat capacity; Thermal; Thermal conduction; Mechanics; Field (mathematics); Solver; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Materials science; Heat flux; Geology; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization","score_opus":0.06727809013192453,"score_gpt":0.28610677764680825,"score_spread":0.2188286875148837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4221041814","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928614,0.000330359,0.000017888833,0.0002540066,0.00031858895,0.0010458862,0.0001590227,0.000093634604,0.004919212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99748355,0.000048371752,0.00014062607,0.000047916707,0.0001231777,0.0012482493,0.0004943632,0.00006523091,0.00034852294],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99666995,0.0005432487,0.00079049176,0.0011397514,0.0004736739,0.0003828852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99820656,0.00011669871,0.00023912187,0.0012482357,0.0000716988,0.000117675714],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070813484,0.00048298747,0.00083961163,0.0002301335,0.00013400939,0.00004381775,0.0004950824,0.0005139807,0.00083794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000086829394,0.00050308806,0.00015319062,0.00032288686,0.00014797969,0.00016162633,0.001050366,0.0010628431,0.000029290986],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019690653,0.0008210287,0.23804158,0.0006173393,0.00019916342,0.000018010516,0.009032302,0.1951826,0.5525408,0.0024449234,0.000006360027,0.0008990192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00084352784,0.000015233801,0.97692406,0.0002323664,0.000038762308,0.0000035547394,0.00036313993,0.003350611,0.016007835,0.0013834285,0.00037125344,0.00046621897],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16239628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01790098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7388825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004413374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010622841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997421},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225253466","doi":"10.3390/geosciences12050180","title":"Estimation of In Situ Heat Capacity and Thermal Diffusivity from Undisturbed Ground Temperature Profile Measured in Ground Heat Exchangers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geosciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Thermal conductivity; Heat capacity; Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Volumetric heat capacity; Geothermal energy; Thermal effusivity; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Environmental science; Materials science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Heat spreader; Geophysics; Thermal resistance; Physics; Thermal contact conductance","score_opus":0.018604043405981208,"score_gpt":0.22461116000338419,"score_spread":0.20600711659740298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225253466","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99809366,0.00028186679,0.0000151210315,0.0002814071,0.00013508035,0.0002207302,0.000055531746,0.000020987623,0.0008956037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993977,0.0000055535065,0.00013908258,0.00005285443,0.000029755598,0.00018784798,0.000038968014,0.000007228338,0.00014101263],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986818,0.00018769331,0.00024221434,0.0003340251,0.00033448692,0.00021979553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996236,0.000065650725,0.00005493544,0.0001905045,0.000017738617,0.000047592963],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004264246,0.00012242403,0.00021462754,0.00011500412,0.00022617313,0.000045150035,0.00019758679,0.000054553602,0.00009993348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002398744,0.000107183645,0.000029558754,0.00056589855,0.00016560762,0.00019951838,0.0000802125,0.0001427354,0.0000014989604],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060721573,0.00046417708,0.026148321,0.000055245768,0.000016163604,0.0000070497463,0.011359342,0.16641164,0.78387785,0.0057595475,0.000030649466,0.005809314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068393175,0.000078292265,0.9615008,0.00003409738,0.000007760509,0.000005047251,0.0028184452,0.028901955,0.0040799077,0.0010748877,0.00056953885,0.00024529223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19599648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.041896064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9353525,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000090695445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004150999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97558683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226079616","doi":"10.23977/jemm.2022.070105","title":"Discussion on geothermal recovery process of deep borehole heat exchanger in layered stratum","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Mechanics and Machinery","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Stratum; Borehole; Geothermal heating; Extraction (chemistry); Heat exchanger; Petroleum engineering; Heat recovery ventilation; Geothermal energy; Geology; Process (computing); Recovery rate; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Geophysics; Chromatography","score_opus":0.0064356470066210016,"score_gpt":0.2079141444225547,"score_spread":0.2014784974159337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226079616","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98699665,0.0006590968,0.010891834,0.00033315175,0.0005137821,0.000107578424,0.000019019355,0.000017655551,0.00046123538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994483,0.000035401536,0.00024031475,0.0000404186,0.00008359297,0.000016482489,0.0000034697832,0.000026313797,0.00010569628],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917334,0.000029513487,0.00035278074,0.00010102403,0.00020413671,0.00013918159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996379,0.00002536717,0.00013998305,0.00010879463,0.000029035815,0.000058947106],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030917104,0.00011222495,0.00022898322,0.00019759295,0.000043077078,0.000010775224,0.000121714096,0.000039644357,0.00006624891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015924781,0.00008005687,0.00007032884,0.00016840086,0.000002585776,0.00007058437,0.00003871363,0.00026267965,2.6280327e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005382268,0.0000907227,0.000021090917,0.000045761877,0.000021198188,0.000011838622,0.00015477456,0.96124727,0.022739543,0.013526485,0.000016134054,0.002071386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015680984,0.00087662734,0.0015194336,0.00022867523,0.000030208812,0.00017242266,0.00071913144,0.9777077,0.0027230282,0.0031384283,0.010939953,0.00037633616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016518745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003074986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020016514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000365791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019958818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32646242},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226191199","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102413","title":"Analytic expressions for the moving infinite line source model","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hôpital Notre-Dame; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Convergent series; Series (stratigraphy); Convergence (economics); Applied mathematics; Line source; Function (biology); Power series; Line (geometry); Quadrature (astronomy); Source function; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Physics","score_opus":0.028440261780248565,"score_gpt":0.25329395923665915,"score_spread":0.2248536974564106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226191199","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30989733,0.0010465105,0.6534816,0.005675639,0.00052708347,0.0014929799,0.00037393798,0.00063016615,0.02687477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96517825,0.000008313675,0.00071013236,0.001221821,0.0001875855,0.0009863584,0.000026454005,0.00006177391,0.031619314],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910986,0.00003641077,0.00023108542,0.00021158943,0.00016497259,0.0002460551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906534,0.00020489893,0.00011611335,0.0005255424,0.000037677506,0.000050411887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023125974,0.00012412782,0.000132948,0.00004859271,0.00086561264,0.000031764892,0.0003954602,0.000037473077,0.00030374792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025743206,0.00009409223,0.0001273793,0.00020081957,0.000034584016,0.000035538436,0.00015171437,0.00015236223,0.000017122446],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009327034,0.000031603915,0.0000134791435,0.000004768161,0.000027411717,2.00853e-7,0.00032937742,0.9444933,0.0024703545,0.047405727,0.00040339885,0.004811036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019031863,0.0000128479915,0.000021484753,0.0000034774218,0.000021985741,0.000003444383,0.00044154972,0.7351302,0.000077941484,0.00222614,0.26177084,0.00009976609],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015289629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001653201,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6552809,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004190531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004954849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66576797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226194900","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4074638","title":"Rock Aggregate Heat Exchanger Design Guidelines","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Aggregate (composite); Environmental science; Geology; Engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Composite material","score_opus":0.028047617311871102,"score_gpt":0.25947543317416183,"score_spread":0.23142781586229072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226194900","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28131983,0.07956834,0.56633776,0.038021963,0.0031831108,0.0014141335,0.00003439046,0.000965507,0.029154977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96605736,0.0011604105,0.00027754102,0.0005984449,0.00079441036,0.00015775014,0.000008188614,0.000059863207,0.03088605],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99725884,0.00020552007,0.0003816064,0.0002130592,0.000332219,0.001608741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993988,0.000029682249,0.00012943785,0.00024647417,0.00010722862,0.000088346555],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013888835,0.00016357131,0.00017834832,0.00010784883,0.00075474754,0.000042172258,0.00038874007,0.000040712886,0.00086832204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024160308,0.00014684211,0.0001326556,0.00027256334,0.000010216386,0.000086397886,0.00008174473,0.0010016621,0.00012371827],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004100324,0.000065030596,0.0000318392,0.0000023268856,0.0001449611,0.000007157849,0.000112288595,0.6835266,0.0037827922,0.28915352,0.0028401825,0.020292327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000889699,0.00035760476,0.000033334833,0.000012476734,0.00004354732,0.0021068754,0.0018867538,0.017988894,0.00055110536,0.1479525,0.82777995,0.00039726877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024727026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007971541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8249397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066667254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007630917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9507517},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229853852","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-29544/v2","title":"Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Halite; Brine; Dissolution; Anhydrite; Solubility; Gypsum; Brucite; Mineralogy; Geology; Evaporite; Chemistry; Geothermal gradient; Geochemistry; Sedimentary rock; Magnesium; Geophysics","score_opus":0.08794310255179666,"score_gpt":0.363279429861825,"score_spread":0.27533632731002833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4229853852","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840894,0.006064694,0.0001325125,0.0009070126,0.000105331346,0.0024159327,0.00010344968,0.00006323115,0.0061184727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99685985,0.00018708917,0.000091794405,0.000025720805,0.00018825021,0.0021943857,0.00036001817,0.000047187783,0.000045719138],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99483645,0.0018004669,0.0007252161,0.000543735,0.0016504038,0.00044374762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858594,0.00013317584,0.000114979084,0.00053526356,0.00050042965,0.00013022884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004849353,0.00024213274,0.0004612236,0.0007398086,0.00007991913,0.000055424356,0.0002865871,0.00033227677,0.00012877745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008613418,0.00024321786,0.00008373234,0.00066973973,0.00008011891,0.00017543197,0.0005511609,0.00064282154,0.000025473693],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005435396,0.00089857675,0.007678846,0.032608695,0.00030157878,0.00009367018,0.03568301,0.797189,0.0299521,0.02563791,0.00064234587,0.06877075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017243493,0.00014667866,0.027559718,0.0032011035,0.0000369649,0.000010048752,0.0059948764,0.95695627,0.0007229736,0.0009962945,0.0023521471,0.000298577],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07807531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007807565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15976728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009088625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002412119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99181366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230615358","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch10","title":"Environmental Factors","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Sustainability; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Greenhouse gas; Environmental impact assessment; Environmental resource management; Environmental engineering; Environmental economics; Ecology; Geology","score_opus":0.007409038189993557,"score_gpt":0.19930689265449048,"score_spread":0.19189785446449692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4230615358","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00030777132,0.00086028664,0.00032670627,0.00006485344,0.00052755105,0.00009887501,0.0002862786,0.000683298,0.99684435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.056872346,0.00023147123,0.000044092612,0.00024600676,0.0014576538,0.00013409514,0.00025206912,0.0013926635,0.9393696],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980061,0.00007429245,0.00034568188,0.00063267286,0.00033671557,0.00060452725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985647,0.000034303972,0.00031808697,0.0008599145,0.0000058375067,0.00021711359],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000041099138,0.00061001163,0.000497755,0.00022917011,0.00008990806,0.00003016892,0.0005047987,0.0005728463,0.09380885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003034798,0.0004508801,0.00026545522,0.00007426948,0.00015921975,0.00004486835,0.000104357016,0.00012014753,0.0033958773],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002029128,0.00028348033,0.0002649817,0.00005019224,0.0007264516,0.000037255802,0.000085684886,0.0013342644,0.0065337066,0.4314225,0.49025798,0.06898322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034338763,0.000016924092,0.00020542505,0.000070155205,0.00002825716,0.000006838785,0.000022361528,0.000034335608,0.00042763463,0.00025104906,0.99798274,0.0006108662],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02881832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015765609,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5077248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008514231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033092125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230629339","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2016.09.011","title":"Deep mine cooling, a case for Northern Ontario: Part II","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Chiller; Cooling tower; Engineering; Water cooling; Environmental science; Operating cost; Capital cost; Waste management; Civil engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.014031325007131066,"score_gpt":0.2584098821895366,"score_spread":0.24437855718240553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4230629339","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933458,0.00006115472,0.0013720884,0.004285036,0.00034644292,0.00003258814,0.0000019335614,0.00001469257,0.00054027647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970828,0.0000054816546,0.0017465102,0.000062893676,0.00013572842,0.000011915659,2.1520292e-7,0.0000051545253,0.0009492837],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992469,0.0000037415239,0.0002652211,0.00012955733,0.00021140355,0.00014318168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860024,0.000056207035,0.0002386361,0.000092161084,0.0009625739,0.000050149156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034884768,0.00006217897,0.00010465225,0.0003129946,0.00015503747,0.000023970913,0.0003728969,0.000052824988,0.000038486807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002699226,0.000040198203,0.000028765333,0.00015482085,0.00030321357,0.00014936668,0.000072385374,0.000049252914,0.0000024977794],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015768918,0.00025422734,0.057273403,0.0000061928395,0.0002648728,0.0008787096,0.0024690616,0.0014519132,0.059388973,0.24134097,0.0006527197,0.6358613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038509401,0.0010885863,0.0024670402,0.0003472244,0.0000571845,0.033982757,0.002342474,0.002482994,0.014689296,0.011875491,0.9263761,0.00043990577],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00217029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0641044,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9257234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011190941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020652401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95297325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230997769","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14653845.v1","title":"Solar Community Energy and Storage Systems for Cold Climates","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"TRNSYS; Thermal energy storage; Chiller; Solar air conditioning; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Heat pump; Solar energy; Absorption refrigerator; Passive solar building design; Boiler (water heating); Thermal; Meteorology; Waste management; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Heat exchanger; Refrigeration","score_opus":0.030023471159853068,"score_gpt":0.25004007991602356,"score_spread":0.2200166087561705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4230997769","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7317114,0.020842647,0.14641586,0.00070717355,0.0032192536,0.0021500746,0.00083814084,0.0013628961,0.09275258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98550475,0.00050363736,0.0006471987,0.00016001941,0.00024399224,0.0015014266,0.0005467423,0.00007741531,0.010814833],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984176,0.0002795132,0.00044447175,0.00038540558,0.00013594108,0.00033704392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99818647,0.00025718642,0.0002218229,0.0010134886,0.00019913909,0.000121867684],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042836842,0.00032261817,0.0005648925,0.00006447367,0.0003902653,0.0003204564,0.00034988057,0.00043908277,0.000048267684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024117415,0.0003027389,0.0001531019,0.000068737776,0.000057598343,0.000052727544,0.00063050777,0.00035135783,0.0000031703987],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008285676,0.00019022773,0.00009743862,0.0012179399,0.00031167144,0.0000025737495,0.00036453485,0.17365257,0.0031082488,0.8188107,0.0015441233,0.0006917063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010043763,0.00009443417,0.00034389953,0.00065852614,0.00021396004,0.00002901119,0.010097259,0.15451045,0.0041356124,0.0033573005,0.82413644,0.001418713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19034842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015394668,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8225923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006866018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008609175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231199814","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14665014","title":"Experimental study of the performance of a vertical and a horizontal ground loops coupled to a ground source heat pump system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Range (aeronautics); Mode (computer interface); Mechanics; Engineering; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Heat exchanger; Computer science","score_opus":0.014775367591071021,"score_gpt":0.2369041000782051,"score_spread":0.22212873248713408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4231199814","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99727523,0.00019519683,0.00014844631,0.000033050434,0.00022020227,0.0009297295,0.0000053219305,0.000047172125,0.0011456592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878454,0.0000022408271,0.000050009847,0.000021217702,0.000085281405,0.0005061545,0.0000070271276,0.000040486946,0.0005030418],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980471,0.00012564777,0.0006525168,0.00051643833,0.00042840882,0.00022989567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987451,0.00004553647,0.0001042791,0.00087734,0.00011159608,0.00011619323],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016881975,0.00029853926,0.00063952524,0.00005751611,0.0001231468,0.00006812381,0.00038645839,0.00017139068,0.00005326113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007537783,0.00021474177,0.00013836955,0.00018939759,0.00008424149,0.00004694047,0.001001644,0.00021358588,0.000003613828],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008275328,0.012131057,0.019818615,0.004463994,0.0027627433,0.000025915724,0.051427048,0.34499756,0.5169687,0.045724407,0.000043732314,0.00080865587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0072167735,0.004533792,0.12125564,0.0031373438,0.0007797674,0.0003141367,0.30793422,0.4056892,0.1459891,0.000011465773,0.0008888239,0.0022497224],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.085936934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025654002,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37097964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013080573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000075832446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92014986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231962943","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14639040.v1","title":"Numerical Heat Transfer Comparison Study of Hybrid and Nonhybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; HVAC; Sizing; Heat transfer; Fouling; Air source heat pumps; Environmental science; Air conditioning; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics","score_opus":0.024729931471270967,"score_gpt":0.25620500965820564,"score_spread":0.23147507818693466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4231962943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739728,0.001196445,0.017844582,0.00011005257,0.00044546725,0.0009338352,0.000021983213,0.00016261812,0.005312199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975402,0.000035826117,0.00004110101,0.000040611485,0.00023557975,0.00046555948,0.00011740754,0.00009126383,0.0014324671],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99671376,0.0003154128,0.0011449533,0.00096093584,0.000490577,0.00037433958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99837446,0.00010709628,0.000058957143,0.0010736091,0.00017151266,0.00021435562],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023209203,0.00052079145,0.0014194122,0.00011540896,0.0001435219,0.00023112333,0.00037936625,0.00017641598,0.00018374746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071122527,0.0004673055,0.0002077018,0.00016117185,0.000074566036,0.000063959385,0.00026728163,0.00050247,0.000014366414],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034537938,0.0014784565,0.002142705,0.0005367264,0.0005109836,0.000019152492,0.0013911587,0.989852,0.0011551707,0.0023770304,0.00008909115,0.0004129625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052932133,0.0012696638,0.011826548,0.0012131653,0.0010599864,0.00049941865,0.040816877,0.8637137,0.009431306,0.00007552365,0.061457507,0.0033430953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33847708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024546438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33602244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070329435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000067238914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231972538","doi":"10.5194/gi-2019-43","title":"Signal Processing for In-Situ Detection of Effective Heat Pulse Probe Spacing Radius as the Basis of a Self-Calibrating Heat Pulse Probe","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"PID controller; SIGNAL (programming language); Signal processing; RADIUS; Controller (irrigation); Electronic engineering; Control theory (sociology); Materials science; Acoustics; Computer science; Digital signal processing; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Temperature control","score_opus":0.013610605964992731,"score_gpt":0.24206454951847506,"score_spread":0.22845394355348234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4231972538","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6529773,0.000889743,0.3072056,0.001965111,0.0002611998,0.011554302,0.00004860125,0.00056685635,0.024531307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910636,0.00000785999,0.0046798494,0.000084390624,0.000257001,0.0036632458,0.000029562823,0.00009228182,0.00012223668],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99733776,0.00026080618,0.00095954933,0.0007415204,0.0003241448,0.0003761993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985175,0.0002813935,0.00040406594,0.00044580564,0.0002542655,0.000096973046],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054334063,0.00044483584,0.0008089338,0.00017226995,0.00019131806,0.00009014664,0.00035010546,0.0003700805,0.00003324307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000081051316,0.00033272323,0.0003153394,0.0005134112,0.00007427823,0.00015169533,0.00026686743,0.00049615,0.0000030212357],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020208348,0.0002845731,0.00027025465,0.0041807815,0.0002656817,0.0000021435776,0.00427492,0.19312772,0.7394783,0.006394466,0.0000044726244,0.0515146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089762406,0.00026189478,0.0011124972,0.0011561087,0.00017382074,0.000017783657,0.00092387525,0.17175227,0.81930256,0.0035841588,0.00035620158,0.000461189],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02193105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003547169,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33808628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016784905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002507902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232270948","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch6","title":"Design Considerations and Installation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Heating system; Relation (database); Thermal energy storage; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Process engineering; Computer science; Civil engineering; Architectural engineering; Systems engineering; Geology; Heat exchanger; Thermodynamics; Database","score_opus":0.017498311434861483,"score_gpt":0.22591431862203304,"score_spread":0.20841600718717157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4232270948","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018277447,0.0010048213,0.019040983,0.0003353688,0.0002195677,0.00016974879,0.000041291354,0.0005311516,0.97863877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.022285836,0.00032813518,0.0014524413,0.0005537863,0.0008849625,0.00024078383,0.000046123256,0.0007356609,0.9734723],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99854445,0.00013278493,0.00031116084,0.00048048326,0.00018900199,0.0003420996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898225,0.00010381248,0.00025819498,0.0004798226,0.000037638245,0.00013827799],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000873374,0.0003813453,0.00035932468,0.0002341486,0.00012846226,0.000060957027,0.00011999446,0.00041565316,0.018570349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012955756,0.00030962235,0.00006904786,0.000078492456,0.00013373294,0.000061341416,0.000055315944,0.00008230933,0.000517059],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008725695,0.000035835685,0.0000056113895,0.00002396311,0.00016751458,0.000011328261,0.000048832804,0.006325497,0.0016684443,0.84348726,0.1302373,0.017979715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042878205,0.000019242269,0.000030236328,0.000096654556,0.00002894449,0.000030329804,0.000007576598,0.0008752089,0.00017634522,0.0048425347,0.9930456,0.00041849748],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017561356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029054612,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86280835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003344002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074934964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993557},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233033585","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.app2","title":"Sensitivity Analyses","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"ASHRAE 90.1; Geothermal gradient; Sensitivity (control systems); Heat pump; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Library science; Engineering; Engineering physics; Meteorology; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.020687787572777703,"score_gpt":0.27173646377863075,"score_spread":0.251048676205853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233033585","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000037844336,0.0008307335,0.0029639255,0.00017948552,0.00043072097,0.00008668567,0.00014022476,0.0009682501,0.9943621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.021770407,0.00018723345,0.00015520985,0.0005411208,0.0025217158,0.00013381122,0.00009862493,0.0012437312,0.97334814],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977079,0.00021513035,0.00037775698,0.0007095974,0.0003537951,0.00063579157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982113,0.00007627778,0.00039025294,0.0010626258,0.000047670004,0.00021186504],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011997952,0.00060634007,0.00067821465,0.00033868992,0.00009504675,0.000042572938,0.00031158523,0.0005823673,0.034353007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000126554205,0.00045634943,0.00033080822,0.00020190286,0.00015789604,0.000049144444,0.000104680505,0.00013093061,0.0037929453],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002122198,0.00014474771,0.000023489569,0.000060909235,0.0007989817,0.000112007285,0.000021419504,0.006585972,0.012592024,0.42771026,0.4907887,0.061140258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033218414,0.000012270849,0.000064737134,0.00013787085,0.000058914553,0.00002581225,0.0000074911272,0.0003200647,0.00080895907,0.00035355816,0.9972507,0.00062744116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16624646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018407255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.506462,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059267375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006999743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997888},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233052141","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14639040","title":"Numerical Heat Transfer Comparison Study of Hybrid and Nonhybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; HVAC; Sizing; Air source heat pumps; Heat transfer; Fouling; Environmental science; Air conditioning; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanics","score_opus":0.024729931471270967,"score_gpt":0.25620500965820564,"score_spread":0.23147507818693466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233052141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739728,0.001196445,0.017844582,0.00011005257,0.00044546725,0.0009338352,0.000021983213,0.00016261812,0.005312199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975402,0.000035826117,0.00004110101,0.000040611485,0.00023557975,0.00046555948,0.00011740754,0.00009126383,0.0014324671],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99671376,0.0003154128,0.0011449533,0.00096093584,0.000490577,0.00037433958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99837446,0.00010709628,0.000058957143,0.0010736091,0.00017151266,0.00021435562],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023209203,0.00052079145,0.0014194122,0.00011540896,0.0001435219,0.00023112333,0.00037936625,0.00017641598,0.00018374746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000071122527,0.0004673055,0.0002077018,0.00016117185,0.000074566036,0.000063959385,0.00026728163,0.00050247,0.000014366414],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034537938,0.0014784565,0.002142705,0.0005367264,0.0005109836,0.000019152492,0.0013911587,0.989852,0.0011551707,0.0023770304,0.00008909115,0.0004129625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052932133,0.0012696638,0.011826548,0.0012131653,0.0010599864,0.00049941865,0.040816877,0.8637137,0.009431306,0.00007552365,0.061457507,0.0033430953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33847708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024546438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33602244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070329435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000067238914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233477175","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14663220","title":"Experimental And Numerical Invetigation Of Dependence Of Soil Thermal Conductivity On Temperature Water Content, And Soil Texture","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Loam; Soil texture; Thermal conductivity; Soil science; Water content; Saturation (graph theory); Texture (cosmology); Materials science; Soil water; Soil thermal properties; Hydraulic conductivity; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Composite material; Mathematics","score_opus":0.027610590036634682,"score_gpt":0.24515638082153024,"score_spread":0.21754579078489555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233477175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99625206,0.00047702788,0.000079984195,0.00023646513,0.000096706965,0.00017332159,0.00002209437,0.000023973053,0.0026383554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99877954,0.000013365446,0.00010901854,0.00010134562,0.00006666616,0.00007563992,0.00008429569,0.000023434694,0.0007467089],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874794,0.00011309507,0.00034081115,0.00044461858,0.00020644657,0.00014710629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925864,0.00003272415,0.00016485094,0.00035132503,0.00011624552,0.000076209115],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010362797,0.00024602524,0.0004477072,0.000042703854,0.00005407511,0.00004055469,0.00011226788,0.0003631931,0.00019152787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010794462,0.00016832179,0.00008186685,0.000040890736,0.00016221269,0.0000719681,0.00026821397,0.0003085079,0.0000013915227],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002842343,0.0001356935,0.00064107985,0.000115951545,0.00007775666,0.000001881826,0.00092834793,0.007893364,0.983541,0.006261741,0.000012541196,0.00036222144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003606069,0.00005678464,0.0044228947,0.00013046965,0.000021306723,0.000011341173,0.0013001628,0.0012746654,0.99205476,0.0000937154,0.00007191426,0.00020138994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013399946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025411946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013145827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000182278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039974842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9931699},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233736243","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14665845","title":"Modelling of heat recovery from suspended oil wells","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Oil well; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Mechanics","score_opus":0.03562432678301769,"score_gpt":0.2296619411982531,"score_spread":0.1940376144152354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233736243","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4223632,0.0013781924,0.04566775,0.00032963665,0.0009994069,0.00010227148,0.000115116694,0.0001738872,0.5288705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9625713,0.00045516828,0.008032856,0.0000955805,0.00028716656,0.00007223127,0.00052540674,0.000055294302,0.027904997],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842566,0.000068177906,0.00055589277,0.0005391085,0.00021448621,0.00019665992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985764,0.00008142134,0.00014867258,0.0009926696,0.00012491296,0.00007592598],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009303011,0.00025186568,0.0005297539,0.00006029297,0.00003812926,0.000059997878,0.00032105928,0.00038252518,0.004388958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005770546,0.0002416027,0.0002902755,0.00008717567,0.000024785259,0.000044046887,0.00033813994,0.00027175166,0.00008279281],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006419808,0.000055874916,0.000007629083,0.000061010975,0.000156585,0.0000031620375,0.000092368435,0.98397756,0.0012008172,0.012809063,0.00015197753,0.0014775355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045903825,0.000014991523,0.000036232108,0.0006377012,0.00013296229,0.0000036119363,0.00054630666,0.9046448,0.031195333,0.01906454,0.042439997,0.0008244954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.34645882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031038416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5402081,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046912366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011687445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965212},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233925132","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch5","title":"Geothermal Heating and Cooling","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal heating; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Heat exchanger; Renewable heat; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Heating system; Electricity; Passive cooling; Heat transfer; Nuclear engineering; Heat pump; Geology; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geophysics; Hybrid heat; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.009243023952250556,"score_gpt":0.2236307465290176,"score_spread":0.21438772257676705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233925132","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005264999,0.0029561163,0.0012295359,0.00017012689,0.00044020798,0.00016299295,0.00009718673,0.0009223379,0.993495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.024830857,0.00046580005,0.00035921877,0.0007408373,0.002857318,0.00024171703,0.000060562536,0.0016446834,0.968799],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99728596,0.00012467822,0.00052955013,0.00086195086,0.00035798232,0.0008398907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983325,0.00008463164,0.00044383807,0.0008069503,0.000045175264,0.00028687457],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015181035,0.0007237207,0.00075125054,0.00031930074,0.00018704723,0.000083876585,0.00042293177,0.00065397867,0.017033603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014664441,0.0005881531,0.00018297005,0.00015434962,0.00022920113,0.000078644225,0.00016845063,0.00019921194,0.00079150614],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006886262,0.00013471901,0.000117100666,0.00023225739,0.00069135503,0.00006623411,0.00015250515,0.006112706,0.0041763005,0.7129045,0.08181077,0.19353266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006813212,0.000025785528,0.000083829604,0.00037765375,0.000044278855,0.00004933551,0.000027003678,0.0011568081,0.00019292762,0.00045486202,0.9961212,0.00078498595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.079256535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038235593,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91431046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055374632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006875853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234364044","doi":"10.32920/14638350.v1","title":"Characterization of the Effects of Borehole Configuration and Interference with Long Term Ground Temperature Modelling of Ground Source Heat Pumps","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Heat pump; Environmental science; Thermal; Coefficient of performance; ASHRAE 90.1; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.011139230927111903,"score_gpt":0.19938106395234814,"score_spread":0.18824183302523623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4234364044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94908637,0.00014706566,0.04975122,0.000047263202,0.00009020794,0.00037293253,0.000011642349,0.000016149557,0.00047717767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988046,0.00009482904,0.000121249075,0.000025443267,0.00004548246,0.0000679409,0.00019983778,0.00002656854,0.0006140222],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886256,0.00009562156,0.00043923082,0.0003116198,0.00018727806,0.000103656814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987197,0.0000518695,0.00038420502,0.0005229777,0.0002902151,0.000031028503],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000077409255,0.00021127374,0.0004104619,0.000052551597,0.00005163345,0.000055317607,0.00019348082,0.00022588848,0.000017252072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009363037,0.00014129526,0.000068544134,0.00016062128,0.00011051335,0.00009522576,0.00014498818,0.00020777089,1.4214743e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023652992,0.0000759168,0.0011861125,0.0017620117,0.00011814002,4.6421698e-7,0.0011922108,0.13635358,0.8551169,0.0035318106,2.93686e-7,0.0006388789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059225666,0.000114982795,0.11095006,0.0041266903,0.00017782119,0.00001313528,0.00027277815,0.043874808,0.8393752,0.000104244566,0.000034743603,0.00036325355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0105142575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006814408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10976395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001907265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000070069225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9960748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234387088","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch2","title":"Fundamentals","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Exergy; Heat transfer; Thermal conduction; Fluid mechanics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Geology; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.01036394398365972,"score_gpt":0.2312013353187161,"score_spread":0.22083739133505637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4234387088","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018942408,0.001252689,0.0006514517,0.00021844455,0.0006374733,0.00011337622,0.00013671999,0.00096806017,0.99600285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0050994195,0.00026329551,0.00012360534,0.00081473455,0.0024940053,0.00031582484,0.0001023518,0.0015770467,0.9892097],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978937,0.00008531733,0.00039263075,0.00064624264,0.00033651936,0.00064557383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840534,0.00003319751,0.00035998595,0.00096298323,0.000026036805,0.00021243116],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000071134054,0.0005646036,0.00054281316,0.00027465288,0.00008608032,0.000045827313,0.00054859265,0.0005451379,0.11611896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004627366,0.0004333651,0.0002517983,0.00013812001,0.0001444468,0.00004453054,0.000109876746,0.00010951502,0.008522329],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008436983,0.00006387129,0.000008890142,0.000028651526,0.0002203172,0.000015458112,0.000011731506,0.00034999935,0.0011469098,0.46890575,0.48794845,0.04129154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046099492,0.000018019055,0.000019233372,0.00016827977,0.000027375518,0.000015210292,0.000009702163,0.000045348508,0.00028789457,0.0007745248,0.9975771,0.0005963457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.057070836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004266961,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50962865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000073671865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058803787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998118},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235379309","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14636166.v1","title":"Characterizing the Effect of an Off-Peak Ground Pre-1 Cool Control Strategy 2 on Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Capital cost; Heat pump; Greenhouse gas; Energy consumption; Automotive engineering; Operating cost; Computer science; Environmental science; Hybrid system; Payback period; Heat exchanger; Process engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Waste management; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.011342175781473222,"score_gpt":0.23451631437392967,"score_spread":0.22317413859245644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235379309","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858469,0.00057586946,0.0010936524,0.00011771155,0.000745391,0.0016536645,0.00010299138,0.00022656271,0.009637306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926293,0.00003185502,0.0000047799126,0.00016133528,0.00087956985,0.001331642,0.0005011664,0.00013517388,0.004325205],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957299,0.0011822048,0.0010270732,0.00096721103,0.0005615743,0.0005320065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99657977,0.0005076199,0.00052849046,0.0020244138,0.00016872042,0.00019097314],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090151577,0.0007152236,0.0012714843,0.000105168125,0.0002664593,0.0006351653,0.0008654731,0.0003771694,0.00021370349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031931668,0.0004801584,0.0004175191,0.00014016627,0.00012222974,0.00015703203,0.00023985021,0.0007326105,0.00004085806],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003460692,0.00024976695,0.000085859734,0.0011638674,0.001010212,0.00003360286,0.0003888028,0.94649285,0.029734524,0.010251183,0.000046930974,0.010196335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010223739,0.004438459,0.04277348,0.0050349254,0.00195566,0.0009197622,0.004936501,0.7581541,0.06227086,0.00020946079,0.103845336,0.005237706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10832321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011589554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18833874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013496842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010696684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99976504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235387766","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14649351","title":"Analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro One (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sizing; Capital cost; Heat pump; Net present value; Operating cost; Work (physics); Inflation (cosmology); Environmental science; Hybrid system; Sensitivity (control systems); Environmental economics; Engineering; Computer science; Production (economics); Economics; Waste management; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.013722448361994911,"score_gpt":0.2271571818026306,"score_spread":0.21343473344063568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235387766","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97795236,0.000047677182,0.011817357,0.000082667044,0.00032630874,0.00017495506,0.000018991299,0.00008303957,0.009496672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99695635,0.0000068047852,0.000064849766,0.000028159238,0.000096395415,0.000021394306,0.00035554077,0.00003272855,0.002437791],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983709,0.00017080565,0.00048666302,0.00044961862,0.00033438244,0.00018762701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853766,0.00007413996,0.0002904526,0.00091434276,0.00013235082,0.00005108258],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015189014,0.00024919122,0.00051146874,0.00018345444,0.00016525845,0.00011510364,0.00034572562,0.00017964434,0.00060421217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030548083,0.00017783644,0.0008031914,0.00061484013,0.00004153737,0.000050797767,0.0005162115,0.00027508754,0.0000029115474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000014620167,0.0000395219,0.0062400214,0.000037165824,0.0012170787,4.7535823e-7,0.0003177443,0.9872554,0.0035090602,0.0008916213,0.0000035317591,0.00048689658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028821972,0.000013640747,0.58746004,0.00016623842,0.0034618075,0.000007386468,0.003937082,0.37928402,0.021492686,0.00017772213,0.0029249706,0.00078618724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15132569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00964378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6079714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000083891886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060245817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8543257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236480565","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-65-supplement","title":"Supplementary material to \"Long-Term Global Ground Heat Flux and Continental Heat Storage from Geothermal Data\"","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Term (time); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Heat flux; Geology; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Geothermal energy; Physics; Geophysics; Mechanics; Astronomy","score_opus":0.02607850052900538,"score_gpt":0.26888565934212283,"score_spread":0.24280715881311746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236480565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9396388,0.00009961008,0.0009990135,0.003932128,0.0012862406,0.0007780633,0.050892323,0.00020323222,0.0021705725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9334228,0.00001602643,0.0012363859,0.001542464,0.002187264,0.00020374676,0.06052422,0.00008799267,0.00077906833],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996952,0.000112859925,0.0006056278,0.0014741665,0.000359907,0.0004954419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99788356,0.000028654273,0.00008073418,0.0015294277,0.00003771409,0.00043991415],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001118982,0.00061324105,0.0007193584,0.000042647436,0.00017065374,0.0004225705,0.0010772502,0.0003051907,0.013528642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005477022,0.0005869974,0.000110464316,0.000091660455,0.00007706377,0.00013596073,0.0036588025,0.00024511848,0.00015537164],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004555338,0.0029856376,0.1999897,0.0027741287,0.010071949,0.0016993406,0.0042069047,0.09576867,0.30104613,0.081663005,0.26749244,0.027746718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006135793,0.00035699,0.4704699,0.0005816122,0.0008979632,0.00014431914,0.0007177536,0.014465394,0.005737514,0.001416615,0.49442157,0.0046545775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.38033888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03309831,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34724057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016366219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000747145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236603165","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511781773.018","title":"Physical properties","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Plagioclase; Mineralogy; Silicate; Mineral; Quartz; Borehole; Anisotropy; Geology; Silicate minerals; Thermal; Heat flux; Thermodynamics; Thin section; Flux (metallurgy); Materials science; Heat transfer; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Metallurgy; Optics","score_opus":0.013362668053061647,"score_gpt":0.21622094007472972,"score_spread":0.20285827202166806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236603165","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015905614,0.00006406756,0.00002636696,0.00009494432,0.00014031184,0.000086982735,0.000003580279,0.0004737238,0.99895096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.021655072,0.0000036230533,0.00014826005,0.00007231804,0.0013318672,0.00010869134,0.000009864065,0.00037216404,0.97629815],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995511,0.000007931151,0.0000667307,0.00016977031,0.000085963184,0.00011847596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955577,0.0000030506337,0.000046477646,0.00034552798,0.0000090002895,0.00004018052],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000011358859,0.00013875424,0.0001611692,0.00004071196,0.000020525491,0.00001577122,0.00014337379,0.00018790086,0.009740115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023400887,0.00009122324,0.000060677394,0.000041074105,0.000039681647,0.000007766438,0.00002338814,0.00012818551,0.0031817819],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[8.106396e-7,0.00007702377,0.0000019025024,0.000034892233,0.000047088168,7.98582e-7,0.000042170595,0.00007180487,0.007808385,0.48303962,0.49970874,0.00916676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046385307,0.0000036846989,0.000003080691,0.00002186737,0.0000069033144,0.0000011506785,0.000007731932,0.00015323519,0.0008224351,0.00014417058,0.9986496,0.00013976663],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029758202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010217194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49894083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003611984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013247199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99759436},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236688756","doi":"10.18777/ieashc-task45-2015-0003","title":"IEA-SHC INFO SHEET 45.B.3.1 - Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage – Guidelines for Design &amp; Construction","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Engineering; Biology; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.12877570538016325,"score_gpt":0.3291773482112954,"score_spread":0.20040164283113215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236688756","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008063394,0.0027903807,0.3112651,0.0010528225,0.0039398232,0.0011491644,0.0007529887,0.0009459098,0.6772975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.019859377,0.00094025483,0.18285255,0.0016689282,0.018945588,0.0052302387,0.0069163525,0.00089554384,0.76269114],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954005,0.00016144586,0.00135946,0.00087329315,0.001537553,0.00066775567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9920418,0.00016687757,0.000838536,0.0010657492,0.005509676,0.00037732194],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016779926,0.00076968706,0.00095890905,0.00023038889,0.0002688636,0.0001596259,0.0005412933,0.0009983644,0.0015613738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006085673,0.0006521333,0.00046081914,0.00028608288,0.00016672467,0.0001938454,0.00012408907,0.00027051836,0.0001287681],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006241257,0.000075687836,0.00002661729,0.000104198836,0.0003734083,0.0000044832127,0.000040606064,0.1887022,0.00054264726,0.05025919,0.7222368,0.03757176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060052244,0.000060381357,0.0000362352,0.00010012304,0.00014466376,0.00013748156,0.00007745404,0.006573965,0.0001900495,0.001177932,0.9901214,0.0007797394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04712314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005678167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26788467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066860847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028486745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236830690","doi":"10.2172/1038316","title":"10.2172/1038316","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","score_opus":0.005686039973186537,"score_gpt":0.17384816799765487,"score_spread":0.16816212802446834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236830690","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0028452063,0.000023494013,0.0000011787699,0.0003283612,0.0000015906766,0.00007494459,0.000005629974,0.00015557928,0.99656403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006605725,1.2419882e-7,0.00006976399,0.000098737735,0.00016121486,0.00007026836,0.000012558325,0.000024570656,0.99295706],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993998,0.000019138588,0.00013525493,0.000165518,0.00009412737,0.00018615423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995315,0.000015567963,0.000017242908,0.00030768052,0.000021491473,0.000106505744],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000050254075,0.0000930962,0.000105637686,0.0000302748,0.00006979409,0.00002258917,0.00015641177,0.000046524812,0.99535066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000046313926,0.00008625885,0.0000441251,0.00015423111,0.000013390513,0.000037082,0.000014849532,0.000038511902,0.9921321],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015261463,0.000043083575,1.2084627e-7,0.0000026216096,0.000015916117,0.0000017252127,0.000014548929,0.021669768,0.00041941632,0.000714694,0.06489361,0.9122092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010454356,0.000024687311,0.000052905096,0.000006047173,0.000005034708,0.0000040981085,6.492525e-7,0.00056014705,0.00011190194,0.000022212736,0.99899125,0.00011653105],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001635953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000373948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93409765,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016161184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010067609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35175335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236905072","doi":"10.31224/osf.io/td9u4","title":"Sustainability, climate resiliency, and mitigation capacity of geothermal heat pump systems in cold regions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Meteorology; Climate change; Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.020077187394038416,"score_gpt":0.2472634174655384,"score_spread":0.2271862300715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236905072","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97900623,0.00031272034,0.00044978425,0.0027020245,0.0001742295,0.0012325067,0.00010610479,0.00014811293,0.015868282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985388,0.00009239478,0.00011046431,0.00005646734,0.00010293079,0.0004894558,0.000051053616,0.000042435946,0.0005160342],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99759597,0.00024988485,0.00086442294,0.00067375234,0.0002532391,0.00036275754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985464,0.00009837891,0.00024816737,0.0007285125,0.00023212178,0.00014638687],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039695622,0.00030971336,0.00064395287,0.00014828103,0.00008527836,0.00006493173,0.00028608015,0.0004073127,0.00003224194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006962234,0.00029882014,0.00011768627,0.00024340877,0.00020087554,0.000078670746,0.00041856724,0.00037886607,0.0000066724797],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018522738,0.00009617512,0.0037856342,0.0018893526,0.000035218265,0.000004381201,0.0005680756,0.2617841,0.0048319357,0.7268384,0.000084370746,0.000063825195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0049183425,0.00048683,0.16884771,0.0039061464,0.0004187974,0.00009115058,0.014290407,0.57615185,0.021518726,0.1377938,0.066991575,0.0045846445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18644902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0071469774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58904463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019981278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015686553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237157300","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch11","title":"Renewability and Sustainability","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Renewable heat; Sustainable development; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Environmental economics; Heat exchanger; Business; Waste heat; Geology; Economics; Engineering; Ecology; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.006247932459150647,"score_gpt":0.2274075658233259,"score_spread":0.22115963336417527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237157300","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00021884248,0.0014373094,0.0009525686,0.00055912184,0.00025519167,0.00020260015,0.00008615469,0.00072369736,0.9955645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03468081,0.000239309,0.0000808224,0.00025835063,0.0010522,0.00029459436,0.000038230275,0.0007659728,0.9625897],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99771583,0.00016732102,0.00040346786,0.00086073484,0.00025431256,0.0005983209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99816984,0.000072617666,0.00028393467,0.0011454666,0.00008404954,0.000244081],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017321225,0.0005316034,0.00057801465,0.0001882857,0.00010254121,0.000041982505,0.0003504009,0.0005861655,0.013906152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038947175,0.00040895454,0.00015912634,0.00013123831,0.00035213385,0.000050892533,0.0001643448,0.00011988696,0.00021784358],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051275452,0.00015543742,0.0002395149,0.00028831456,0.00024735244,0.00001779243,0.00005169293,0.00090634706,0.00022288009,0.7362721,0.12855867,0.1329886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039501456,0.000021908121,0.00031057998,0.00007195603,0.000026815851,0.000011418866,0.000023601777,0.00010585964,0.000055289438,0.006694429,0.99176675,0.00051640376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13014634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012221445,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86320806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012580291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001560233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998362},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237327419","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14638875.v1","title":"A Simplified Ground Thermal Response Model for Analyzing Solar-Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Heat pump; Thermal; Offset (computer science); Environmental science; Heat transfer; Computer science; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.044935334184668635,"score_gpt":0.2727449402761497,"score_spread":0.22780960609148107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237327419","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6372105,0.00091207953,0.3561824,0.00042741466,0.00051439315,0.0011757625,0.000103975,0.0005074871,0.0029660095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9585071,0.000019869727,0.0014516811,0.00022975072,0.0005885909,0.002601281,0.0005403954,0.00024718104,0.035814106],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953107,0.0005350141,0.0013096329,0.0014681974,0.0004987584,0.0008776594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962341,0.0005216009,0.00042463027,0.0020039082,0.00049933157,0.00031638585],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012925584,0.000816754,0.0012188025,0.00028427332,0.00054226245,0.0011985182,0.0008312438,0.0010133726,0.00012694667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010656461,0.0007640546,0.00079576095,0.00033700297,0.00008385925,0.00018801224,0.00066490227,0.00063868216,0.000031767333],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035308095,0.0001645707,0.000027745995,0.00038074292,0.00053608627,0.0000072620096,0.0006783445,0.9596609,0.02807,0.008990983,0.00010241058,0.0010279071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085830566,0.000034385153,0.001187345,0.0003354713,0.00024054098,0.000033931083,0.0011891542,0.9853621,0.0003002601,0.00028976254,0.009197953,0.0009707653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.047369633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026215666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35473073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038787935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000472776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237954849","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14647128","title":"Underground Energy Storage Utilizing Concrete Building Foundation: Experimental and Numerical Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Borehole; Pile; Thermal energy storage; Foundation (evidence); Laminar flow; Parametric statistics; Drilling; Thermal; Environmental science; Energy storage; Volumetric flow rate; Flow (mathematics); Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.0324438097036239,"score_gpt":0.2725647702740628,"score_spread":0.24012096057043888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237954849","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21325868,0.0034767438,0.55460316,0.00024598822,0.00074218865,0.00028631734,0.0000073403917,0.00046057618,0.226919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97968745,0.000035249515,0.01579965,0.00025543314,0.0004431635,0.00036322928,0.0002968071,0.0000840981,0.0030348895],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977188,0.00015488527,0.00049303466,0.0009711939,0.00030747693,0.0003546109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987726,0.00007080521,0.00022119122,0.00066698156,0.00007826448,0.00019011671],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013781532,0.00043729882,0.00054013246,0.00008837535,0.00027256057,0.00050345244,0.00027741204,0.0003797905,0.00066212856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011017383,0.00044067777,0.00016630693,0.00015942373,0.00010423287,0.00014871606,0.0007912721,0.00032950327,0.000007714044],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000091617185,0.000049019338,0.000033946944,0.00008689353,0.0002138348,0.000011596618,0.0003965982,0.032865047,0.019654483,0.94466925,0.000092948314,0.0019172232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001980196,0.00010685509,0.0005351836,0.00037797855,0.0002194572,0.00036260515,0.016973441,0.6816335,0.027741797,0.004059471,0.26259652,0.0034130162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022448838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005529068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94060975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018065827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012012921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4238311950","doi":"10.31224/osf.io/jneu2","title":"Thermo-mechanical performance of a proposed energy pile system in cold regions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Settlement (finance); Foundation (evidence); Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger; Envelope (radar); Environmental science; Thermal energy; Thermal; Enclosure; Geothermal energy; Mechanical energy; Building envelope; Structural engineering; Civil engineering; Engineering; Geology; Geothermal gradient; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.02251938126835911,"score_gpt":0.22049692029679405,"score_spread":0.19797753902843493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4238311950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6846882,0.00045126653,0.007818504,0.0020206552,0.0009082434,0.0017862105,0.00011065822,0.0011747673,0.30104148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99530494,0.000039271603,0.00055167073,0.00010457791,0.00018063954,0.0005233828,0.00005124448,0.000067497516,0.003176803],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978445,0.00012362655,0.00083741016,0.00060199917,0.00029358323,0.00029887038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984679,0.00003952988,0.00037600877,0.00088446133,0.000103415405,0.00012866865],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001623487,0.0003292174,0.00069525576,0.00012477156,0.00005189175,0.000024949544,0.0006003628,0.0004419121,0.0001149963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011102337,0.0002832644,0.00019834004,0.00030922398,0.000052272153,0.000036465462,0.00042884375,0.0003668272,0.00004591095],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034396886,0.000111051806,0.00003989668,0.0005875292,0.000059974755,0.00000633417,0.00011699578,0.055003062,0.015016212,0.92822367,0.00022985511,0.00057100545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019376365,0.00036347986,0.0008834443,0.002740358,0.000131111,0.000023702178,0.0008774103,0.7643104,0.09257975,0.0027091699,0.13181445,0.0016290637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028458234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023914727,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9255145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013650386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020224736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4238989645","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14653422.v1","title":"Guarded hot plate apparatus design and construction for thermal conductivity measurements","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Hot plate; Thermal conductivity; Heat flux; Materials science; Metre; Heat transfer; Heat flow; Thermal; Thermal conductivity measurement; Thermal resistance; Measure (data warehouse); Flow (mathematics); Flux (metallurgy); Mechanics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.09251161139922227,"score_gpt":0.2752670534127444,"score_spread":0.18275544201352212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4238989645","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7286653,0.0005153489,0.25153017,0.00020172131,0.0009928237,0.0016712969,0.00003651507,0.000248181,0.016138684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9435848,0.00002102698,0.053628437,0.00006914422,0.0002155895,0.0010161819,0.00011898292,0.000049595714,0.0012962595],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984099,0.00015862464,0.00034337753,0.0006285094,0.00019269758,0.0002668769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891454,0.00007404253,0.00022002893,0.00047726018,0.0002191308,0.00009499776],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000353017,0.0003080864,0.00042826755,0.000055558834,0.00016562942,0.0001600751,0.00014421235,0.00036298603,0.000237072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026508671,0.00028424457,0.00012804287,0.000062882165,0.00009004986,0.00007869884,0.00014793115,0.00021207135,0.000007951979],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027071894,0.0002627904,0.0003431228,0.00049970875,0.0013993328,0.000004528182,0.0006097521,0.62318254,0.2647,0.06674726,0.0005261809,0.04145408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0102131795,0.00035841728,0.01167664,0.00090389425,0.0013077193,0.00024078108,0.0027452677,0.1838533,0.71131337,0.025221791,0.046577845,0.0055878186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043803677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028265407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44661334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005436719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013835909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239033749","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-29544/v1","title":"Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Halite; Geothermal gradient; Geochemistry; Geology; Sedimentary rock; Binary system; Binary number; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Geophysics; Geomorphology; Structural basin","score_opus":0.08794310255179666,"score_gpt":0.363279429861825,"score_spread":0.27533632731002833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239033749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840894,0.006064694,0.0001325125,0.0009070126,0.000105331346,0.0024159327,0.00010344968,0.00006323115,0.0061184727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99685985,0.00018708917,0.000091794405,0.000025720805,0.00018825021,0.0021943857,0.00036001817,0.000047187783,0.000045719138],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99483645,0.0018004669,0.0007252161,0.000543735,0.0016504038,0.00044374762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858594,0.00013317584,0.000114979084,0.00053526356,0.00050042965,0.00013022884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004849353,0.00024213274,0.0004612236,0.0007398086,0.00007991913,0.000055424356,0.0002865871,0.00033227677,0.00012877745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008613418,0.00024321786,0.00008373234,0.00066973973,0.00008011891,0.00017543197,0.0005511609,0.00064282154,0.000025473693],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005435396,0.00089857675,0.007678846,0.032608695,0.00030157878,0.00009367018,0.03568301,0.797189,0.0299521,0.02563791,0.00064234587,0.06877075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017243493,0.00014667866,0.027559718,0.0032011035,0.0000369649,0.000010048752,0.0059948764,0.95695627,0.0007229736,0.0009962945,0.0023521471,0.000298577],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07807531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007807565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15976728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009088625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002412119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99181366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239054671","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14652249","title":"Viability Of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System With Solar Thermal Collectors","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Thermal energy storage; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Nuclear engineering; Solar energy; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.010745931465398003,"score_gpt":0.20416141846045135,"score_spread":0.19341548699505334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239054671","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9461482,0.00013452634,0.009616421,0.0000779359,0.00022716858,0.00056526286,0.000037164096,0.00027158626,0.042921692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994156,0.0000037983234,0.00034223244,0.000036558868,0.00018348955,0.00038411652,0.00012546458,0.000091219685,0.0046770987],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99740386,0.0002597527,0.00072342553,0.00080962165,0.00043376946,0.00036956955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976102,0.000099453544,0.00027192687,0.001544562,0.00032385092,0.00014999523],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003232412,0.0004567246,0.0008860147,0.00008523429,0.0001547649,0.00011946363,0.00047768967,0.0002269631,0.000532865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013005291,0.00035349015,0.00029667452,0.00023404782,0.00013510487,0.00005958134,0.0003986183,0.00038815063,0.000021500387],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005181717,0.0002713048,0.0020208827,0.0016116222,0.00057468837,0.000018795206,0.00038501422,0.9788547,0.0059273215,0.009877669,0.000050454666,0.00035571647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006584667,0.0008818027,0.05354147,0.0062197275,0.001788919,0.0009006797,0.02480974,0.43820304,0.37312648,0.00043733965,0.0849752,0.00853093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14084046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033388294,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5406517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002349102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003163938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239491884","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14653845","title":"Solar Community Energy and Storage Systems for Cold Climates","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"TRNSYS; Thermal energy storage; Chiller; Solar air conditioning; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Heat pump; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Solar energy; Absorption refrigerator; Boiler (water heating); Passive solar building design; Thermal energy; Thermal; Waste management; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.030023471159853068,"score_gpt":0.25004007991602356,"score_spread":0.2200166087561705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239491884","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7317114,0.020842647,0.14641586,0.00070717355,0.0032192536,0.0021500746,0.00083814084,0.0013628961,0.09275258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98550475,0.00050363736,0.0006471987,0.00016001941,0.00024399224,0.0015014266,0.0005467423,0.00007741531,0.010814833],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984176,0.0002795132,0.00044447175,0.00038540558,0.00013594108,0.00033704392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99818647,0.00025718642,0.0002218229,0.0010134886,0.00019913909,0.000121867684],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042836842,0.00032261817,0.0005648925,0.00006447367,0.0003902653,0.0003204564,0.00034988057,0.00043908277,0.000048267684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024117415,0.0003027389,0.0001531019,0.000068737776,0.000057598343,0.000052727544,0.00063050777,0.00035135783,0.0000031703987],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008285676,0.00019022773,0.00009743862,0.0012179399,0.00031167144,0.0000025737495,0.00036453485,0.17365257,0.0031082488,0.8188107,0.0015441233,0.0006917063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010043763,0.00009443417,0.00034389953,0.00065852614,0.00021396004,0.00002901119,0.010097259,0.15451045,0.0041356124,0.0033573005,0.82413644,0.001418713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19034842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015394668,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8225923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006866018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008609175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239495152","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.index","title":"Index","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Index (typography); Library science; Engineering; Computer science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.010787814437013453,"score_gpt":0.22819422357186173,"score_spread":0.21740640913484827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239495152","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027625213,0.0020271994,0.003752319,0.00045095623,0.002775579,0.00011848424,0.00023706838,0.00022566947,0.99013644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.10113003,0.0005093274,0.000033942182,0.0011828905,0.004487237,0.00048527448,0.00032906473,0.00032706134,0.8915152],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967481,0.00014933509,0.0007232076,0.0009267524,0.00048335412,0.00096924574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99766105,0.00008910554,0.0004723168,0.0013388594,0.0001429279,0.0002957326],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011846186,0.00078239874,0.00080407073,0.00027503681,0.00022079053,0.00009067619,0.0009213305,0.0010058706,0.071267046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010048319,0.0006003102,0.00041138916,0.00028360382,0.00017409348,0.00012076746,0.00018934095,0.00029854852,0.046028662],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063720254,0.00014960492,0.000009795169,0.00010914914,0.00048971584,0.000024338753,0.000056108136,0.07257667,0.0024160808,0.32621846,0.49601963,0.101866715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000553349,0.000030488802,0.000060864593,0.00016553055,0.000025751722,0.00002246941,0.000009909354,0.00047497865,0.0006062594,0.00073723623,0.996474,0.0008391585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.047822077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012569373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50045437,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014604923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002092657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996448},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240159775","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch12","title":"Case Studies","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Thermal energy storage; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Renewable heat; Geothermal heating; Electricity; Environmental science; Context (archaeology); Thermal energy; Thermal; Civil engineering; Process engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Hybrid heat; Geology; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geography; Geophysics; Physics","score_opus":0.020139494897270314,"score_gpt":0.26156131982881275,"score_spread":0.24142182493154243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240159775","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007407377,0.004562879,0.0002757935,0.00015840966,0.0008140775,0.0001125827,0.00010459672,0.00094993325,0.99294764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.010173841,0.00069324224,0.00014221935,0.00052025326,0.0028025778,0.0003845812,0.000030211551,0.0013668641,0.9838862],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979077,0.000112239395,0.0004290267,0.00067366194,0.0002605773,0.0006168123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99830353,0.00007319407,0.00037427427,0.0010010466,0.00006590026,0.00018203483],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009424032,0.00061519444,0.000696553,0.00028919632,0.000131276,0.000029875897,0.00036489783,0.0004916593,0.022466622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015193527,0.0004456752,0.00024287157,0.00015516017,0.00021681913,0.00004533152,0.00013483438,0.00012109372,0.003066595],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009077534,0.000060314716,0.0000027285823,0.00008342092,0.00082951115,0.0024216233,0.00006294579,0.00084759004,0.00021779341,0.47164696,0.48033243,0.0434856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041894487,0.000019182633,7.7801127e-7,0.00016988613,0.000057788253,0.0018399783,0.00006261668,0.00005411244,0.00010355289,0.0008249241,0.9958362,0.0006120142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03818427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008982473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5155038,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007552645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052011335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240820876","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14652249.v1","title":"Viability Of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System With Solar Thermal Collectors","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat pump; Environmental science; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Thermal energy storage; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Nuclear engineering; Solar energy; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010745931465398003,"score_gpt":0.20416141846045135,"score_spread":0.19341548699505334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240820876","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9461482,0.00013452634,0.009616421,0.0000779359,0.00022716858,0.00056526286,0.000037164096,0.00027158626,0.042921692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994156,0.0000037983234,0.00034223244,0.000036558868,0.00018348955,0.00038411652,0.00012546458,0.000091219685,0.0046770987],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99740386,0.0002597527,0.00072342553,0.00080962165,0.00043376946,0.00036956955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976102,0.000099453544,0.00027192687,0.001544562,0.00032385092,0.00014999523],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003232412,0.0004567246,0.0008860147,0.00008523429,0.0001547649,0.00011946363,0.00047768967,0.0002269631,0.000532865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013005291,0.00035349015,0.00029667452,0.00023404782,0.00013510487,0.00005958134,0.0003986183,0.00038815063,0.000021500387],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005181717,0.0002713048,0.0020208827,0.0016116222,0.00057468837,0.000018795206,0.00038501422,0.9788547,0.0059273215,0.009877669,0.000050454666,0.00035571647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006584667,0.0008818027,0.05354147,0.0062197275,0.001788919,0.0009006797,0.02480974,0.43820304,0.37312648,0.00043733965,0.0849752,0.00853093],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14084046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033388294,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5406517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002349102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003163938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242922945","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.09.01.005","title":"Feasibility of Using Volcanic Tuff Stone in Ground Heat Exchange for Cooling and Heating Systems in Buildings","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"HVAC; Air conditioning; Environmental science; Relative humidity; Duct (anatomy); Inlet; Volcano; Renewable energy; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Geography; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.014285372674542104,"score_gpt":0.2269321056860436,"score_spread":0.2126467330115015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4242922945","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99572176,0.0007242458,0.0032918018,0.000023596127,0.00013803261,0.00007342518,0.0000065580366,0.00000272244,0.00001785653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999167,0.00003798098,0.0006254097,0.0000087741055,0.00013245991,0.0000055448004,0.0000020571367,0.00001278251,0.000007992606],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992955,0.000017021022,0.00036849076,0.000092749615,0.0001232737,0.000102989026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973583,0.000064334316,0.000107074244,0.000044003387,0.000010477196,0.00003828546],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031783234,0.000085996406,0.00018262344,0.00011091295,0.000015708649,0.000016890759,0.00008488114,0.00003770303,0.000005149857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016137945,0.00008130678,0.000034441906,0.000029087465,0.000021724105,0.0001309546,0.00003706674,0.00007675542,8.105253e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038608672,0.000033664095,0.012543906,0.00004337065,0.000021069005,0.0000016052411,0.00024384678,0.79022855,0.19483232,0.0006098901,9.2692915e-8,0.001403066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014122964,0.000057103836,0.08731968,0.00036167438,0.000011091805,0.000112303875,0.00034294857,0.90845877,0.0013264739,0.000045997458,0.00041616533,0.00013551138],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026198577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000051569707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19350585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000116114315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000353266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39604586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243599475","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14644071.v1","title":"The Development of an Off-Peak Ground Pre-Cool Control Strategy for Hybrid Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Control (management); Grid; Field (mathematics); Power consumption; Computer science; Incentive; Control system; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Mechanical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.022896101734039612,"score_gpt":0.2535067874333878,"score_spread":0.23061068569934817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243599475","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8935957,0.0021707034,0.08994195,0.00012548814,0.000995632,0.0029461486,0.00011546469,0.000263177,0.00984577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796259,0.000031044598,0.00055717665,0.000050359904,0.00044262584,0.0036134038,0.0005243602,0.00011093121,0.015044227],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964547,0.00025913343,0.0014453126,0.0008242998,0.00045530344,0.00056122575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971515,0.00031036837,0.0004705385,0.001409413,0.0004658425,0.00019234304],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082780427,0.0005320587,0.000846837,0.000067547786,0.0004819398,0.0005644605,0.00087318977,0.00030489257,0.00007902987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025566118,0.00038932933,0.00028964895,0.000098855395,0.00009354306,0.000113724665,0.0002420897,0.0003064627,0.000011738684],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108288965,0.00025256496,0.00001308805,0.00062057376,0.00085767556,0.0000025538254,0.0006892763,0.92991465,0.0017410308,0.046481494,0.00010592626,0.0192129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032841128,0.00023994129,0.0050653573,0.0007260546,0.00036032067,0.000112657566,0.009339366,0.4681981,0.0041965717,0.00091306807,0.5055828,0.001981671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.044664368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0134670995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50547683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018914347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005607796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998559},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243713819","doi":"10.5194/esd-2020-88-supplement","title":"Supplementary material to \"First Assessment of the Earth Heat Inventory Within CMIP5Historical Simulations\"","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.027340960151947265,"score_gpt":0.27413038456010724,"score_spread":0.24678942440815999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243713819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9326301,0.000023378134,0.003635877,0.017567234,0.0061100535,0.002632087,0.003821139,0.00024101938,0.033339083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936627,0.000001322278,0.0027575612,0.0006051909,0.000495516,0.000217922,0.00054338196,0.000042741325,0.0016736574],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981822,0.00011563938,0.00067287503,0.0004433721,0.00039981276,0.00018610188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987753,0.000031836353,0.00016828298,0.0008082963,0.000073387215,0.00014290596],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011732856,0.00025413936,0.00037241337,0.000058216527,0.00014286223,0.000041618234,0.00053352903,0.00016328042,0.0040845633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012230958,0.00018883278,0.00017996035,0.0001682445,0.000041886284,0.000020703543,0.0008462689,0.00025349684,0.000013825918],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001231334,0.00009144504,0.0023387359,0.000110646426,0.00009070578,7.2589665e-7,0.00026416263,0.89615387,0.0046903905,0.09234399,0.0038822524,0.000020728927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006055545,0.00010392105,0.018267734,0.00018368222,0.00014784368,0.0000023554232,0.00017535925,0.073654614,0.0077906684,0.0025784322,0.89578533,0.0007045239],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.055700112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014344529,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89190304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020212091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001968637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244306269","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14649471.v1","title":"Development of an Experimental Apparatus for Studying High-Temperature Heat and Mass Transfer in Soils","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Soil water; Water content; Soil science; Moisture; Heat transfer; Soil thermal properties; Heat flux; Environmental science; Interference (communication); Thermal; Mass transfer; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Field capacity; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.025538107791788337,"score_gpt":0.2661414782971787,"score_spread":0.24060337050539038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4244306269","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99728405,0.0005993408,0.00070519384,0.000035979665,0.0001274531,0.0005395422,0.000015865004,0.000033827557,0.00065876986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97745734,0.000010628113,0.020612689,0.00003381293,0.00006156111,0.0011845554,0.00024112957,0.000036287325,0.00036199327],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986172,0.000043261338,0.00049053936,0.0005043005,0.0001388376,0.00020590598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995136,0.000018526696,0.000029865878,0.00030944584,0.00005282109,0.00007571434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013725244,0.00025294005,0.00045253066,0.000076002085,0.00007013309,0.000068885325,0.00014397173,0.00028483765,0.00007385628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013791348,0.00023077845,0.000063928484,0.00007283169,0.000021998389,0.00005534773,0.00008146942,0.00016538413,6.1450925e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041254887,0.00041270067,0.000063877815,0.00030818203,0.00012536864,0.0000035117446,0.006527988,0.04914882,0.9256953,0.016519032,0.000007194461,0.0011467661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013397706,0.000042109958,0.0010122332,0.00023419048,0.00001927356,0.0000030619372,0.01040664,0.0019613472,0.9823028,0.000104059,0.0020629321,0.00051157136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002739587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031748363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.056607507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060785598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012809546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9410872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244432683","doi":"10.32920/14639664","title":"A Techno-economic Analysis of Heat-Pump Entering Fluid Temperatures, and CO2 Emissions for Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Heat pump; Sizing; Hybrid heat; Environmental science; Boiler (water heating); Renewable energy; Natural gas; Air source heat pumps; Hybrid system; Process engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Chemistry","score_opus":0.013492514350701312,"score_gpt":0.23904752871049492,"score_spread":0.2255550143597936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4244432683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815274,0.0022311916,0.0119583355,0.0002594134,0.0003696189,0.00080603344,0.00046946586,0.00022128904,0.0021572397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918636,0.00021126386,0.0002905982,0.000049275,0.00020920766,0.0010351473,0.0009735955,0.00008474871,0.005282572],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973513,0.000074532014,0.0010111446,0.0009939299,0.00018103003,0.00038807778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980478,0.000130441,0.00020611516,0.0012611799,0.00014906075,0.00020535022],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028414576,0.0004926954,0.00134942,0.00046615442,0.00023244288,0.00033195163,0.0004167484,0.0003508417,0.00018431657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021968444,0.00045470972,0.00058359624,0.0002604993,0.00007754293,0.00007130864,0.0005295497,0.00029109392,0.0000035361104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015268151,0.00006946331,0.00021533966,0.0005176581,0.0024045806,0.0000029689022,0.00013487482,0.9566172,0.033456802,0.006306734,0.0001198251,0.00013931547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063288497,0.000046112582,0.00038615384,0.0006789326,0.0018007713,0.00007330061,0.0017993412,0.9232949,0.012505503,0.00008515789,0.057795472,0.0009014465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13501003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025745512,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13243547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018281945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013450306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4245297706","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14647293","title":"Design of a 'smart manifold' for geothermal HVAC installations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sizing; HVAC; Payback period; Manifold (fluid mechanics); Heat pump; Engineering; Architectural engineering; Automotive engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Air conditioning; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.038874914814347857,"score_gpt":0.25613150934880186,"score_spread":0.217256594534454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4245297706","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.041559815,0.00042339257,0.82490826,0.00065100193,0.0005524283,0.0018559546,0.00013018186,0.0002900629,0.1296289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9535139,0.000024792129,0.026269961,0.000118905744,0.00018928037,0.001180717,0.00021406886,0.00007890955,0.018409463],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985685,0.00006911232,0.00054285815,0.00042317944,0.00016269545,0.00023370725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855584,0.00012234584,0.0002735869,0.00072967896,0.00025101568,0.000067520006],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018070806,0.00024823894,0.0004203649,0.00009281343,0.000080832986,0.000055123586,0.00029729377,0.00030838168,0.0012388906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002083617,0.00023906652,0.0002513256,0.000111746864,0.000027077273,0.000044817636,0.00021215825,0.0001476212,0.000018839104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016557195,0.00011389266,0.000029561143,0.00017820198,0.00020005723,0.0000010547336,0.00020398891,0.7892462,0.0064987303,0.20198499,0.000455772,0.0010710008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002933459,0.0002814257,0.0036856926,0.0008463965,0.00059531693,0.00003623514,0.0015214123,0.61228865,0.039323185,0.02694741,0.30880022,0.0027405885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010240704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013705381,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9119541,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039212275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002127025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99967414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246261494","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14649471","title":"Development of an Experimental Apparatus for Studying High-Temperature Heat and Mass Transfer in Soils","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Soil water; Water content; Moisture; Soil science; Soil thermal properties; Heat transfer; Heat flux; Environmental science; Interference (communication); Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Mass transfer; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Field capacity; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.025538107791788337,"score_gpt":0.2661414782971787,"score_spread":0.24060337050539038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246261494","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99728405,0.0005993408,0.00070519384,0.000035979665,0.0001274531,0.0005395422,0.000015865004,0.000033827557,0.00065876986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97745734,0.000010628113,0.020612689,0.00003381293,0.00006156111,0.0011845554,0.00024112957,0.000036287325,0.00036199327],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986172,0.000043261338,0.00049053936,0.0005043005,0.0001388376,0.00020590598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995136,0.000018526696,0.000029865878,0.00030944584,0.00005282109,0.00007571434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013725244,0.00025294005,0.00045253066,0.000076002085,0.00007013309,0.000068885325,0.00014397173,0.00028483765,0.00007385628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013791348,0.00023077845,0.000063928484,0.00007283169,0.000021998389,0.00005534773,0.00008146942,0.00016538413,6.1450925e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041254887,0.00041270067,0.000063877815,0.00030818203,0.00012536864,0.0000035117446,0.006527988,0.04914882,0.9256953,0.016519032,0.000007194461,0.0011467661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013397706,0.000042109958,0.0010122332,0.00023419048,0.00001927356,0.0000030619372,0.01040664,0.0019613472,0.9823028,0.000104059,0.0020629321,0.00051157136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002739587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031748363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.056607507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060785598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012809546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9410872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246305219","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-65","title":"Long-Term Global Ground Heat Flux and Continental Heat Storage from Geothermal Data","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Canada Research Chairs; St. Francis Xavier University","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Climate change; Geothermal heating; Environmental science; Heat flux; Geothermal energy; Global warming; Thermal energy storage; Earth science; Climatology; Geology; Atmospheric sciences; Heat transfer; Geophysics; Oceanography; Physics","score_opus":0.0367916736931088,"score_gpt":0.2716731176173072,"score_spread":0.2348814439241984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246305219","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9650907,0.0016454974,0.003694258,0.0024759602,0.0007407363,0.00052328024,0.0036212252,0.00042428836,0.02178408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98525983,0.00006110075,0.0005349982,0.00069546356,0.0012953647,0.00008692392,0.009264431,0.000080522586,0.0027213448],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99722,0.000103285885,0.0005003146,0.0014446969,0.00032746326,0.00040423946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975066,0.000048390386,0.000098654644,0.0019728679,0.000044900702,0.00032855864],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010440218,0.0005617082,0.0006934048,0.000029784158,0.00014610673,0.0003387745,0.0011822181,0.00042845804,0.0019786737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011931329,0.0005192202,0.00012845267,0.00009600093,0.00013231712,0.00017671379,0.0029865054,0.000398047,0.0002918212],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013492646,0.0033397588,0.29516432,0.0032315408,0.011787609,0.0018612032,0.0032715518,0.17784032,0.059557755,0.28393775,0.08563004,0.0730289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004088982,0.00011281435,0.7133271,0.00056228734,0.000655924,0.00014228815,0.00038945297,0.10297966,0.00046786029,0.0027457199,0.17127267,0.0032552425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18514815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014059866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4181628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011011596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008841037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246524511","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14662473.v1","title":"Characterization of the Effects of Borehole Layouts in Geo-exchange","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Work (physics); Finite element method; Characterization (materials science); Geology; Field (mathematics); Heat transfer; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Materials science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008520610485693907,"score_gpt":0.21046727179939284,"score_spread":0.20194666131369893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246524511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876061,0.00011723689,0.00017015953,0.00011499461,0.0003320238,0.0003076365,0.000016191992,0.000016980923,0.01131869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99675834,0.00005638584,0.000046567577,0.0000590892,0.00006599726,0.00017229024,0.00012020693,0.000019537889,0.0027015824],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991069,0.0000945204,0.00034541736,0.0002045657,0.00014425436,0.00010437972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998987,0.000035237223,0.00029108385,0.00059243944,0.00007518148,0.00001901064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000081020175,0.00012687557,0.00029616282,0.000056157143,0.0000144328815,0.000010141605,0.00024705054,0.00019518063,0.000108712244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026109294,0.000092501374,0.00011652115,0.0001873874,0.00002863153,0.000023464554,0.00031984516,0.00014016315,0.0000023700486],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000619345,0.00031740492,0.0057272846,0.0030056492,0.00009114617,0.0000022413656,0.0019878394,0.013941758,0.9324508,0.03746214,0.000023803248,0.0049837944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041676764,0.000017377242,0.5639322,0.001242319,0.000037623347,0.0000011410705,0.0000928011,0.0015640148,0.42373547,0.0002498789,0.0084635345,0.00024686637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022334784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034058045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5582049,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002376615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051751445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98417556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246685798","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14655087","title":"Performance analysis of a two-stage variable capacity air source heat pump and a horizontal loop coupled ground source heat pump system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Air source heat pumps; Coefficient of performance; Meteorology; Extrapolation; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Physics; Mathematics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.014885435265204323,"score_gpt":0.21887724886504878,"score_spread":0.20399181359984445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246685798","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9562281,0.00024930967,0.029804531,0.000046097746,0.00020744957,0.0005095495,0.00011556381,0.00031116832,0.012528252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854943,0.000052156945,0.00063750375,0.00007193028,0.00020666995,0.00041173334,0.00043649308,0.00010289041,0.012586298],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99594945,0.00023780379,0.0012274332,0.0013067885,0.00062239525,0.0006561168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971057,0.0001407392,0.00036772544,0.0017405408,0.00032762226,0.00031766616],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006685047,0.00074585364,0.0019265305,0.0004430638,0.00034995395,0.0002241954,0.00055893156,0.0005809719,0.0005120067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017635053,0.0006977539,0.0005587579,0.001182011,0.00018297517,0.000177226,0.0007462499,0.00061131106,0.000014798163],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030412082,0.00016025116,0.0029036643,0.0013361274,0.0027660665,0.0000049658047,0.0006394683,0.97325736,0.009214456,0.009563301,0.0000052416135,0.00011865997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007580387,0.00005485345,0.0020720272,0.00039140924,0.0017468882,0.000038824997,0.0025393504,0.98678845,0.0019491311,0.00000759388,0.002894782,0.00075865997],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4086454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013599539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39504585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035650106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019335555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99954736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247447927","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14636166","title":"Characterizing the Effect of an Off-Peak Ground Pre-1 Cool Control Strategy 2 on Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Capital cost; Heat pump; Automotive engineering; Energy consumption; Greenhouse gas; Hybrid system; Operating cost; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Process engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Waste management","score_opus":0.011342175781473222,"score_gpt":0.23451631437392967,"score_spread":0.22317413859245644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4247447927","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858469,0.00057586946,0.0010936524,0.00011771155,0.000745391,0.0016536645,0.00010299138,0.00022656271,0.009637306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926293,0.00003185502,0.0000047799126,0.00016133528,0.00087956985,0.001331642,0.0005011664,0.00013517388,0.004325205],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957299,0.0011822048,0.0010270732,0.00096721103,0.0005615743,0.0005320065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99657977,0.0005076199,0.00052849046,0.0020244138,0.00016872042,0.00019097314],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090151577,0.0007152236,0.0012714843,0.000105168125,0.0002664593,0.0006351653,0.0008654731,0.0003771694,0.00021370349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031931668,0.0004801584,0.0004175191,0.00014016627,0.00012222974,0.00015703203,0.00023985021,0.0007326105,0.00004085806],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003460692,0.00024976695,0.000085859734,0.0011638674,0.001010212,0.00003360286,0.0003888028,0.94649285,0.029734524,0.010251183,0.000046930974,0.010196335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010223739,0.004438459,0.04277348,0.0050349254,0.00195566,0.0009197622,0.004936501,0.7581541,0.06227086,0.00020946079,0.103845336,0.005237706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10832321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011589554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18833874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013496842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010696684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99976504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247631720","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14644551","title":"An experimental study of soil thermal conductivity using a guarded hot plate apparatus","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Loam; Water content; Saturation (graph theory); Soil water; Soil texture; Heat transfer; Materials science; Degree of saturation; Soil science; Moisture; Soil thermal properties; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal; Thermal conduction; Environmental science; Geology; Hydraulic conductivity; Composite material; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.05861130148671913,"score_gpt":0.31399567712955656,"score_spread":0.25538437564283745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4247631720","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990645,0.00016600566,0.0002124151,0.000005294698,0.00030776183,0.0004893291,0.000014205246,0.00011097989,0.008049033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984238,0.0000013309175,0.0005900566,0.00001981103,0.00018830078,0.0002236888,0.00006188535,0.00006160893,0.00042950478],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978914,0.0002751953,0.0005351379,0.0007178109,0.00030803037,0.00027242192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982211,0.00002069579,0.00033353694,0.0011948623,0.00012079177,0.00010901455],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016562818,0.00036865968,0.0006571037,0.00008002169,0.00011826473,0.00010077136,0.00037101356,0.00027758654,0.0007133447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000037838556,0.00034096654,0.0001624537,0.00012509635,0.0000626374,0.00011533391,0.0004018757,0.0003088556,0.000006736584],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029479837,0.002647936,0.00021721837,0.000025809179,0.00019886806,0.000009612563,0.0031563528,0.59345144,0.3990531,0.0010843228,0.000003480555,0.00012236784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035469169,0.00078208157,0.007371641,0.00019074632,0.00028811104,0.000037872214,0.079540886,0.15633002,0.74955505,0.00011180727,0.0003305053,0.0019143502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14388274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004574058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43712145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007145629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014516075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999042},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247915573","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14649351.v1","title":"Analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Hydro One (Canada); Toronto Metropolitan University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sizing; Capital cost; Heat pump; Net present value; Operating cost; Work (physics); Inflation (cosmology); Hybrid system; Environmental science; Environmental economics; Engineering; Computer science; Production (economics); Economics; Waste management; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.013722448361994911,"score_gpt":0.2271571818026306,"score_spread":0.21343473344063568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4247915573","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97795236,0.000047677182,0.011817357,0.000082667044,0.00032630874,0.00017495506,0.000018991299,0.00008303957,0.009496672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99695635,0.0000068047852,0.000064849766,0.000028159238,0.000096395415,0.000021394306,0.00035554077,0.00003272855,0.002437791],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983709,0.00017080565,0.00048666302,0.00044961862,0.00033438244,0.00018762701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853766,0.00007413996,0.0002904526,0.00091434276,0.00013235082,0.00005108258],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015189014,0.00024919122,0.00051146874,0.00018345444,0.00016525845,0.00011510364,0.00034572562,0.00017964434,0.00060421217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030548083,0.00017783644,0.0008031914,0.00061484013,0.00004153737,0.000050797767,0.0005162115,0.00027508754,0.0000029115474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000014620167,0.0000395219,0.0062400214,0.000037165824,0.0012170787,4.7535823e-7,0.0003177443,0.9872554,0.0035090602,0.0008916213,0.0000035317591,0.00048689658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028821972,0.000013640747,0.58746004,0.00016623842,0.0034618075,0.000007386468,0.003937082,0.37928402,0.021492686,0.00017772213,0.0029249706,0.00078618724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15132569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00964378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6079714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000083891886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060245817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8543257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248025238","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-29544/v3","title":"Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Halite; Geothermal gradient; Geochemistry; Sedimentary rock; Geology; Petrology; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Thermodynamics; Geophysics; Physics; Gypsum; Paleontology","score_opus":0.08794310255179666,"score_gpt":0.363279429861825,"score_spread":0.27533632731002833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248025238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840894,0.006064694,0.0001325125,0.0009070126,0.000105331346,0.0024159327,0.00010344968,0.00006323115,0.0061184727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99685985,0.00018708917,0.000091794405,0.000025720805,0.00018825021,0.0021943857,0.00036001817,0.000047187783,0.000045719138],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99483645,0.0018004669,0.0007252161,0.000543735,0.0016504038,0.00044374762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858594,0.00013317584,0.000114979084,0.00053526356,0.00050042965,0.00013022884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004849353,0.00024213274,0.0004612236,0.0007398086,0.00007991913,0.000055424356,0.0002865871,0.00033227677,0.00012877745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008613418,0.00024321786,0.00008373234,0.00066973973,0.00008011891,0.00017543197,0.0005511609,0.00064282154,0.000025473693],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005435396,0.00089857675,0.007678846,0.032608695,0.00030157878,0.00009367018,0.03568301,0.797189,0.0299521,0.02563791,0.00064234587,0.06877075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017243493,0.00014667866,0.027559718,0.0032011035,0.0000369649,0.000010048752,0.0059948764,0.95695627,0.0007229736,0.0009962945,0.0023521471,0.000298577],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07807531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007807565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15976728,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009088625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002412119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99181366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248056411","doi":"10.32920/14639664.v2","title":"A Techno-economic Analysis of Heat-Pump Entering Fluid Temperatures, and CO2 Emissions for Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Hybrid heat; Sizing; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Boiler (water heating); Natural gas; Air source heat pumps; Hybrid system; Process engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Chemistry","score_opus":0.013492514350701312,"score_gpt":0.23904752871049492,"score_spread":0.2255550143597936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248056411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815274,0.0022311916,0.0119583355,0.0002594134,0.0003696189,0.00080603344,0.00046946586,0.00022128904,0.0021572397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918636,0.00021126386,0.0002905982,0.000049275,0.00020920766,0.0010351473,0.0009735955,0.00008474871,0.005282572],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973513,0.000074532014,0.0010111446,0.0009939299,0.00018103003,0.00038807778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980478,0.000130441,0.00020611516,0.0012611799,0.00014906075,0.00020535022],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028414576,0.0004926954,0.00134942,0.00046615442,0.00023244288,0.00033195163,0.0004167484,0.0003508417,0.00018431657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021968444,0.00045470972,0.00058359624,0.0002604993,0.00007754293,0.00007130864,0.0005295497,0.00029109392,0.0000035361104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015268151,0.00006946331,0.00021533966,0.0005176581,0.0024045806,0.0000029689022,0.00013487482,0.9566172,0.033456802,0.006306734,0.0001198251,0.00013931547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063288497,0.000046112582,0.00038615384,0.0006789326,0.0018007713,0.00007330061,0.0017993412,0.9232949,0.012505503,0.00008515789,0.057795472,0.0009014465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13501003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025745512,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13243547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018281945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013450306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248505461","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14644071","title":"The Development of an Off-Peak Ground Pre-Cool Control Strategy for Hybrid Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Control (management); Grid; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Power consumption; Control system; Heat exchanger; Automotive engineering; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Mechanical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.022896101734039612,"score_gpt":0.2535067874333878,"score_spread":0.23061068569934817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248505461","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8935957,0.0021707034,0.08994195,0.00012548814,0.000995632,0.0029461486,0.00011546469,0.000263177,0.00984577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796259,0.000031044598,0.00055717665,0.000050359904,0.00044262584,0.0036134038,0.0005243602,0.00011093121,0.015044227],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964547,0.00025913343,0.0014453126,0.0008242998,0.00045530344,0.00056122575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971515,0.00031036837,0.0004705385,0.001409413,0.0004658425,0.00019234304],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082780427,0.0005320587,0.000846837,0.000067547786,0.0004819398,0.0005644605,0.00087318977,0.00030489257,0.00007902987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025566118,0.00038932933,0.00028964895,0.000098855395,0.00009354306,0.000113724665,0.0002420897,0.0003064627,0.000011738684],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108288965,0.00025256496,0.00001308805,0.00062057376,0.00085767556,0.0000025538254,0.0006892763,0.92991465,0.0017410308,0.046481494,0.00010592626,0.0192129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032841128,0.00023994129,0.0050653573,0.0007260546,0.00036032067,0.000112657566,0.009339366,0.4681981,0.0041965717,0.00091306807,0.5055828,0.001981671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.044664368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0134670995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50547683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018914347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005607796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998559},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249348426","doi":"10.32920/14638350","title":"Characterization of the Effects of Borehole Configuration and Interference with Long Term Ground Temperature Modelling of Ground Source Heat Pumps","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Heat pump; Environmental science; Thermal; Coefficient of performance; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.011139230927111903,"score_gpt":0.19938106395234814,"score_spread":0.18824183302523623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4249348426","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94908637,0.00014706566,0.04975122,0.000047263202,0.00009020794,0.00037293253,0.000011642349,0.000016149557,0.00047717767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988046,0.00009482904,0.000121249075,0.000025443267,0.00004548246,0.0000679409,0.00019983778,0.00002656854,0.0006140222],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886256,0.00009562156,0.00043923082,0.0003116198,0.00018727806,0.000103656814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987197,0.0000518695,0.00038420502,0.0005229777,0.0002902151,0.000031028503],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000077409255,0.00021127374,0.0004104619,0.000052551597,0.00005163345,0.000055317607,0.00019348082,0.00022588848,0.000017252072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009363037,0.00014129526,0.000068544134,0.00016062128,0.00011051335,0.00009522576,0.00014498818,0.00020777089,1.4214743e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023652992,0.0000759168,0.0011861125,0.0017620117,0.00011814002,4.6421698e-7,0.0011922108,0.13635358,0.8551169,0.0035318106,2.93686e-7,0.0006388789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059225666,0.000114982795,0.11095006,0.0041266903,0.00017782119,0.00001313528,0.00027277815,0.043874808,0.8393752,0.000104244566,0.000034743603,0.00036325355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0105142575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006814408,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10976395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001907265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000070069225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9960748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249543373","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch9","title":"Thermodynamic Analysis","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Exergy; Thermal energy storage; Heat pump; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Thermal energy; Thermal; Environmental science; Energy storage; Thermodynamics; Process engineering; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Geology; Heat exchanger; Physics","score_opus":0.006444086537327551,"score_gpt":0.2189090415655017,"score_spread":0.21246495502817414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4249543373","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000687468,0.00093963253,0.005451201,0.00014227546,0.00032982143,0.00010400972,0.00018178263,0.0010032776,0.99177927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03363875,0.00022309594,0.00010866653,0.0004003685,0.0013664791,0.00027506822,0.00022719022,0.0013239912,0.9624364],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974536,0.00013302112,0.00047112993,0.0008386894,0.00039629676,0.00070728513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977917,0.000046384757,0.00047636242,0.0014261127,0.000042534994,0.0002169109],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009554579,0.000667215,0.0008823206,0.0008781068,0.00009342198,0.000048734415,0.0007261317,0.0006676431,0.089635156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000052133223,0.00050157536,0.0006707722,0.0006809804,0.00014856028,0.00004338099,0.000106180094,0.00013633342,0.0033253862],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020703737,0.00014446655,0.00006675302,0.000040821036,0.006242951,0.000033012566,0.000032802604,0.008782521,0.0013412414,0.81394947,0.119232066,0.050113197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033958995,0.000012495267,0.00017811339,0.000059267786,0.0005162381,0.0000049721593,0.000007308567,0.0021084351,0.000041699448,0.000645986,0.9953897,0.00069620326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10007193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021772444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87615764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008151589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006250308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997436},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249807040","doi":"10.32920/14639664.v1","title":"A Techno-economic Analysis of Heat-Pump Entering Fluid Temperatures, and CO2 Emissions for Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Heat pump; Sizing; Hybrid heat; Environmental science; Boiler (water heating); Renewable energy; Natural gas; Air source heat pumps; Hybrid system; Process engineering; Air conditioning; Engineering; Waste management; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Chemistry","score_opus":0.013492514350701312,"score_gpt":0.23904752871049492,"score_spread":0.2255550143597936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4249807040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815274,0.0022311916,0.0119583355,0.0002594134,0.0003696189,0.00080603344,0.00046946586,0.00022128904,0.0021572397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918636,0.00021126386,0.0002905982,0.000049275,0.00020920766,0.0010351473,0.0009735955,0.00008474871,0.005282572],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973513,0.000074532014,0.0010111446,0.0009939299,0.00018103003,0.00038807778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980478,0.000130441,0.00020611516,0.0012611799,0.00014906075,0.00020535022],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028414576,0.0004926954,0.00134942,0.00046615442,0.00023244288,0.00033195163,0.0004167484,0.0003508417,0.00018431657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021968444,0.00045470972,0.00058359624,0.0002604993,0.00007754293,0.00007130864,0.0005295497,0.00029109392,0.0000035361104],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015268151,0.00006946331,0.00021533966,0.0005176581,0.0024045806,0.0000029689022,0.00013487482,0.9566172,0.033456802,0.006306734,0.0001198251,0.00013931547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063288497,0.000046112582,0.00038615384,0.0006789326,0.0018007713,0.00007330061,0.0017993412,0.9232949,0.012505503,0.00008515789,0.057795472,0.0009014465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13501003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025745512,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13243547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018281945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013450306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249815137","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14662686","title":"Optimization of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System Design","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; Rule of thumb; Payback period; Hybrid system; Engineering; Environmental science; Civil engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.022397484806025065,"score_gpt":0.2208364677299382,"score_spread":0.19843898292391313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4249815137","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.023539463,0.00027689998,0.9444946,0.000073110234,0.00033118317,0.00037413882,0.000010834694,0.00027238167,0.03062737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97642523,0.000030011264,0.01669809,0.000038174687,0.00019507374,0.00027754524,0.00024369163,0.00007439458,0.006017811],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981791,0.00020158169,0.0006302614,0.00050930615,0.00026314342,0.00021661128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847066,0.00006768323,0.00023114997,0.0009021299,0.00024116668,0.000087188324],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023779307,0.000285401,0.00052712776,0.00009325925,0.00008045839,0.00010761823,0.0003276627,0.00019364471,0.00043868547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013737853,0.0002699006,0.0002008602,0.0001374992,0.000036012447,0.000054044212,0.00027715912,0.0001872903,0.000026427995],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048669835,0.00004703384,0.0000059635554,0.00035424068,0.00010540579,0.0000040044692,0.0000716369,0.9838584,0.0005214507,0.014679561,0.00007041033,0.0002770173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020754988,0.000015239036,0.000023880848,0.0003991964,0.000078970734,0.000043391665,0.0007220022,0.9852951,0.010051404,0.000056156645,0.0027615987,0.0003455207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.033570576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010941766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95288575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012213238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012742919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999753},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251060188","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-3138","title":"Long-Term Global Ground Heat Flux and Continental Heat Storage from Geothermal Data","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Climate change; Environmental science; Heat flux; Thermal energy storage; Geothermal heating; Geothermal energy; Global warming; Earth science; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Heat transfer; Geophysics; Oceanography; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.0367916736931088,"score_gpt":0.2716731176173072,"score_spread":0.2348814439241984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4251060188","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9650907,0.0016454974,0.003694258,0.0024759602,0.0007407363,0.00052328024,0.0036212252,0.00042428836,0.02178408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98525983,0.00006110075,0.0005349982,0.00069546356,0.0012953647,0.00008692392,0.009264431,0.000080522586,0.0027213448],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99722,0.000103285885,0.0005003146,0.0014446969,0.00032746326,0.00040423946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975066,0.000048390386,0.000098654644,0.0019728679,0.000044900702,0.00032855864],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010440218,0.0005617082,0.0006934048,0.000029784158,0.00014610673,0.0003387745,0.0011822181,0.00042845804,0.0019786737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011931329,0.0005192202,0.00012845267,0.00009600093,0.00013231712,0.00017671379,0.0029865054,0.000398047,0.0002918212],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013492646,0.0033397588,0.29516432,0.0032315408,0.011787609,0.0018612032,0.0032715518,0.17784032,0.059557755,0.28393775,0.08563004,0.0730289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004088982,0.00011281435,0.7133271,0.00056228734,0.000655924,0.00014228815,0.00038945297,0.10297966,0.00046786029,0.0027457199,0.17127267,0.0032552425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18514815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014059866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4181628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011011596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008841037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251700750","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14644551.v1","title":"An experimental study of soil thermal conductivity using a guarded hot plate apparatus","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Loam; Water content; Saturation (graph theory); Soil water; Soil texture; Heat transfer; Materials science; Soil science; Moisture; Degree of saturation; Thermal; Geotechnical engineering; Heat capacity; Environmental science; Geology; Composite material; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.05861130148671913,"score_gpt":0.31399567712955656,"score_spread":0.25538437564283745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4251700750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.990645,0.00016600566,0.0002124151,0.000005294698,0.00030776183,0.0004893291,0.000014205246,0.00011097989,0.008049033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984238,0.0000013309175,0.0005900566,0.00001981103,0.00018830078,0.0002236888,0.00006188535,0.00006160893,0.00042950478],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978914,0.0002751953,0.0005351379,0.0007178109,0.00030803037,0.00027242192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982211,0.00002069579,0.00033353694,0.0011948623,0.00012079177,0.00010901455],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016562818,0.00036865968,0.0006571037,0.00008002169,0.00011826473,0.00010077136,0.00037101356,0.00027758654,0.0007133447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000037838556,0.00034096654,0.0001624537,0.00012509635,0.0000626374,0.00011533391,0.0004018757,0.0003088556,0.000006736584],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029479837,0.002647936,0.00021721837,0.000025809179,0.00019886806,0.000009612563,0.0031563528,0.59345144,0.3990531,0.0010843228,0.000003480555,0.00012236784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035469169,0.00078208157,0.007371641,0.00019074632,0.00028811104,0.000037872214,0.079540886,0.15633002,0.74955505,0.00011180727,0.0003305053,0.0019143502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14388274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004574058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43712145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007145629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014516075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999042},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4252008374","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14638875","title":"A Simplified Ground Thermal Response Model for Analyzing Solar-Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Heat pump; Thermal; Offset (computer science); Heat transfer; Environmental science; Computer science; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.044935334184668635,"score_gpt":0.2727449402761497,"score_spread":0.22780960609148107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4252008374","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6372105,0.00091207953,0.3561824,0.00042741466,0.00051439315,0.0011757625,0.000103975,0.0005074871,0.0029660095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9585071,0.000019869727,0.0014516811,0.00022975072,0.0005885909,0.002601281,0.0005403954,0.00024718104,0.035814106],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953107,0.0005350141,0.0013096329,0.0014681974,0.0004987584,0.0008776594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962341,0.0005216009,0.00042463027,0.0020039082,0.00049933157,0.00031638585],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012925584,0.000816754,0.0012188025,0.00028427332,0.00054226245,0.0011985182,0.0008312438,0.0010133726,0.00012694667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010656461,0.0007640546,0.00079576095,0.00033700297,0.00008385925,0.00018801224,0.00066490227,0.00063868216,0.000031767333],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035308095,0.0001645707,0.000027745995,0.00038074292,0.00053608627,0.0000072620096,0.0006783445,0.9596609,0.02807,0.008990983,0.00010241058,0.0010279071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085830566,0.000034385153,0.001187345,0.0003354713,0.00024054098,0.000033931083,0.0011891542,0.9853621,0.0003002601,0.00028976254,0.009197953,0.0009707653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.047369633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026215666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35473073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038787935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000472776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4252978094","doi":"10.1063/1.1650057","title":"Corrections","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Today","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Library science; Geography; Meteorology; Computer science","score_opus":0.014334424825243651,"score_gpt":0.2328542654794615,"score_spread":0.21851984065421784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4252978094","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26617318,0.00006816172,0.052973405,0.001424197,0.00090115954,0.0001783975,0.0000117401505,0.0005417423,0.677728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960571,0.0000024165436,0.00032296058,0.00015302011,0.0003991505,0.000057266803,0.000009474826,0.000015670645,0.002982947],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996141,0.000006726948,0.00008194816,0.00011216683,0.00006708169,0.000117966025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969214,0.000009738797,0.000028511216,0.00020206353,0.000026988208,0.000040575345],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000020368965,0.00006458571,0.00006685269,0.000010444417,0.00010614215,0.000014998031,0.00007455517,0.00002447739,0.0000833341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000030388446,0.000060290346,0.00004848748,0.0001505228,0.000019503334,0.00005352115,0.000013049235,0.00005177411,0.00091709645],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.6119364e-7,0.000054157874,0.000049426588,0.0000014514429,0.000008706922,3.2012804e-7,0.000105116895,0.17941973,0.003380961,0.81176156,0.00011412982,0.005103866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007209971,0.00003508496,0.003197878,0.000027480617,0.000022598872,0.0000054647794,0.00014125007,0.0011470593,0.033879615,0.2942721,0.6661748,0.00037562862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058524343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024655127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7298839,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028673527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019379846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253235550","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14665932","title":"Comparative life cycle assessment: ground source heat pump system versus gas furnace and air conditioner system","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Air conditioning; Life-cycle assessment; Environmental impact assessment; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Environmental economics; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Economics","score_opus":0.02696311501388782,"score_gpt":0.27725364808240716,"score_spread":0.25029053306851934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4253235550","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7521744,0.00079317903,0.010980337,0.00041537732,0.0014529662,0.0007981628,0.00010577879,0.0006473553,0.23263247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99432623,0.000021261912,0.00059044367,0.000079316975,0.0005699673,0.00072692236,0.0005543516,0.00008139915,0.0030501033],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99677336,0.00041036512,0.0008351854,0.0010360926,0.00049788237,0.0004471359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99772376,0.00022112468,0.0003605433,0.0010110203,0.000291681,0.00039189108],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028869262,0.00060507725,0.0011575033,0.00012712131,0.00043186426,0.00040308814,0.0003546369,0.0004852273,0.00031629013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000795761,0.00056190346,0.00024189956,0.00019820266,0.0001239704,0.00015691498,0.00054710265,0.0005783754,0.00014713612],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033884487,0.00009375582,0.000032781856,0.0011536508,0.00083252677,0.000021851178,0.00074712513,0.7906287,0.0003074899,0.20582849,0.0002234344,0.000096337775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046458123,0.00013715899,0.0035999482,0.0027696595,0.00077025365,0.00025624965,0.12603675,0.815468,0.0007672472,0.000088268884,0.043112937,0.0023477047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036461785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017111237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24215187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056054903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026883528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99968326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253645047","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch8","title":"Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling Examples","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Numerical modeling; Borehole; Numerical models; Computer simulation; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Simulation; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.023879342486763395,"score_gpt":0.23544989356211035,"score_spread":0.21157055107534695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4253645047","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00020646019,0.0030536046,0.008646792,0.00020686965,0.0007066564,0.00016002612,0.000117255724,0.0010462975,0.98585606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.016924785,0.0006266394,0.0002472786,0.00063888024,0.004175792,0.0004745969,0.00015923796,0.0018671162,0.9748857],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99713,0.00012337527,0.000521316,0.00090313534,0.00043470715,0.00088747713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982366,0.00004579728,0.00020341329,0.0011973628,0.00005631521,0.00026052562],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012175606,0.0007652728,0.0007252801,0.00037826342,0.00014939746,0.000077519806,0.0006473314,0.00073933,0.039669972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000070346778,0.00060523784,0.00030569558,0.00017734925,0.00011721231,0.000085882544,0.00015030941,0.00016657129,0.0023808936],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004448555,0.000213193,0.000008283191,0.00017984392,0.0007626076,0.000049668583,0.0001733192,0.09793033,0.0037716534,0.67369634,0.16846421,0.054706074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00049594376,0.00001906572,0.000004637433,0.00026419383,0.000043165783,0.000020200521,0.000026584874,0.008559362,0.000058101723,0.00092965027,0.98876214,0.00081694295],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22593103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013235794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82029796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009608996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071516915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996399},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253805044","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14653422","title":"Guarded hot plate apparatus design and construction for thermal conductivity measurements","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Hot plate; Thermal conductivity; Heat flux; Materials science; Heat transfer; Metre; Heat flow; Thermal; Thermal conductivity measurement; Measure (data warehouse); Thermal resistance; Flow (mathematics); Flux (metallurgy); Mechanics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.09251161139922227,"score_gpt":0.2752670534127444,"score_spread":0.18275544201352212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4253805044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7286653,0.0005153489,0.25153017,0.00020172131,0.0009928237,0.0016712969,0.00003651507,0.000248181,0.016138684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9435848,0.00002102698,0.053628437,0.00006914422,0.0002155895,0.0010161819,0.00011898292,0.000049595714,0.0012962595],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984099,0.00015862464,0.00034337753,0.0006285094,0.00019269758,0.0002668769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891454,0.00007404253,0.00022002893,0.00047726018,0.0002191308,0.00009499776],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000353017,0.0003080864,0.00042826755,0.000055558834,0.00016562942,0.0001600751,0.00014421235,0.00036298603,0.000237072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026508671,0.00028424457,0.00012804287,0.000062882165,0.00009004986,0.00007869884,0.00014793115,0.00021207135,0.000007951979],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027071894,0.0002627904,0.0003431228,0.00049970875,0.0013993328,0.000004528182,0.0006097521,0.62318254,0.2647,0.06674726,0.0005261809,0.04145408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0102131795,0.00035841728,0.01167664,0.00090389425,0.0013077193,0.00024078108,0.0027452677,0.1838533,0.71131337,0.025221791,0.046577845,0.0055878186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043803677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028265407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44661334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005436719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013835909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4253888082","doi":"10.1177/0361198106196700102","title":"Estimating Thermal Conductivity of Pavement Granular Materials and Subgrade Soils","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Soil water; Subgrade; Geotechnical engineering; Degree of saturation; Saturation (graph theory); Porosity; Thermal conduction; Soil thermal properties; Environmental science; Soil science; Geology; Materials science; Hydraulic conductivity; Composite material; Mathematics","score_opus":0.060358095196735004,"score_gpt":0.3396200372258303,"score_spread":0.27926194202909527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4253888082","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966556,0.00017791925,0.00090664136,0.0011700523,0.00024970123,0.0005785854,0.00006840499,0.00001853536,0.00017455874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99652296,0.0000714952,0.0026334212,0.000012324818,0.00025285967,0.00008122238,0.000023776924,0.000044637945,0.0003573004],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945081,0.0009893656,0.0014738074,0.00031649362,0.002108004,0.0006042521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99665433,0.0004994167,0.0006320693,0.00039620665,0.0016404155,0.00017754377],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036469786,0.00021194696,0.00048550125,0.00047254955,0.0004622117,0.00008925693,0.0005510548,0.00014896634,0.0002817792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050109153,0.00015578313,0.0002101338,0.00089209527,0.0006406879,0.0003802496,0.000007357429,0.0007428144,0.0000060367565],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005030206,0.0005019006,0.120932475,0.00059631886,0.00017080789,0.00004713554,0.001616426,0.052671522,0.7453915,0.07345504,0.00056138384,0.0035524853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013128634,0.0002716078,0.8921001,0.0003025166,0.00005087945,9.205384e-7,0.0006020618,0.00039258902,0.09328579,0.008707058,0.0027907302,0.00018286277],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16459906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0499359,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77116764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008247493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021767191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9674003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254422238","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14662473","title":"Characterization of the Effects of Borehole Layouts in Geo-exchange","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Work (physics); Geology; Finite element method; Field (mathematics); Characterization (materials science); Heat transfer; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Meteorology; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008520610485693907,"score_gpt":0.21046727179939284,"score_spread":0.20194666131369893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254422238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876061,0.00011723689,0.00017015953,0.00011499461,0.0003320238,0.0003076365,0.000016191992,0.000016980923,0.01131869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99675834,0.00005638584,0.000046567577,0.0000590892,0.00006599726,0.00017229024,0.00012020693,0.000019537889,0.0027015824],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991069,0.0000945204,0.00034541736,0.0002045657,0.00014425436,0.00010437972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998987,0.000035237223,0.00029108385,0.00059243944,0.00007518148,0.00001901064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000081020175,0.00012687557,0.00029616282,0.000056157143,0.0000144328815,0.000010141605,0.00024705054,0.00019518063,0.000108712244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026109294,0.000092501374,0.00011652115,0.0001873874,0.00002863153,0.000023464554,0.00031984516,0.00014016315,0.0000023700486],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000619345,0.00031740492,0.0057272846,0.0030056492,0.00009114617,0.0000022413656,0.0019878394,0.013941758,0.9324508,0.03746214,0.000023803248,0.0049837944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041676764,0.000017377242,0.5639322,0.001242319,0.000037623347,0.0000011410705,0.0000928011,0.0015640148,0.42373547,0.0002498789,0.0084635345,0.00024686637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022334784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034058045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5582049,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002376615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051751445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98417556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255575949","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14647128.v1","title":"Underground Energy Storage Utilizing Concrete Building Foundation: Experimental and Numerical Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Foundation","keywords":"Borehole; Pile; Thermal energy storage; Foundation (evidence); Laminar flow; Parametric statistics; Thermal; Drilling; Environmental science; Flow (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.0324438097036239,"score_gpt":0.2725647702740628,"score_spread":0.24012096057043888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4255575949","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21325868,0.0034767438,0.55460316,0.00024598822,0.00074218865,0.00028631734,0.0000073403917,0.00046057618,0.226919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97968745,0.000035249515,0.01579965,0.00025543314,0.0004431635,0.00036322928,0.0002968071,0.0000840981,0.0030348895],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977188,0.00015488527,0.00049303466,0.0009711939,0.00030747693,0.0003546109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987726,0.00007080521,0.00022119122,0.00066698156,0.00007826448,0.00019011671],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013781532,0.00043729882,0.00054013246,0.00008837535,0.00027256057,0.00050345244,0.00027741204,0.0003797905,0.00066212856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011017383,0.00044067777,0.00016630693,0.00015942373,0.00010423287,0.00014871606,0.0007912721,0.00032950327,0.000007714044],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000091617185,0.000049019338,0.000033946944,0.00008689353,0.0002138348,0.000011596618,0.0003965982,0.032865047,0.019654483,0.94466925,0.000092948314,0.0019172232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001980196,0.00010685509,0.0005351836,0.00037797855,0.0002194572,0.00036260515,0.016973441,0.6816335,0.027741797,0.004059471,0.26259652,0.0034130162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022448838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005529068,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94060975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018065827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012012921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256123485","doi":"10.11159/icgre20.161","title":"Regional Flow and Vertical Heat Transport in Groundwater. NumericalSolution for the Study of Temperature Profiles","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Flow (mathematics); Environmental science; Mechanics; Heat flow; Numerical models; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Computer simulation; Thermodynamics; Thermal; Aquifer; Physics","score_opus":0.008618949025284386,"score_gpt":0.1915129389998619,"score_spread":0.1828939899745775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4256123485","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.998778,0.00013373823,0.000008288034,0.00060403143,0.000052493633,0.0003804559,0.000008141143,0.000011392618,0.000023446739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99966884,0.000020071047,0.000085833155,0.000041868614,0.000040053714,0.00008370815,0.0000030318645,0.000015009934,0.00004159286],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999364,0.0000030418114,0.00020307284,0.00017991078,0.00012984402,0.00012013181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982613,0.000036978687,0.00003353761,0.000056207835,0.0000059486583,0.00004121502],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003934317,0.0001298128,0.00017499528,0.000025033622,0.000076878045,0.000012520648,0.000122048696,0.000032102693,0.0000071342665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055547985,0.00007900349,0.000037719183,0.00009140636,0.000075232994,0.00006938262,0.000034131102,0.00010567901,7.498821e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005047658,0.00024539317,0.059417646,0.00068294164,0.00027490561,8.8756235e-7,0.003565919,0.4197682,0.48408887,0.029582124,0.0001245734,0.0017437593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025398703,0.00049386226,0.6282346,0.00026724715,0.00012966579,0.000015612384,0.003263211,0.33468038,0.027194832,0.00022847528,0.0024944237,0.00045781196],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001560849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006500008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56881696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015858495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000016361457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3221669},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256236177","doi":"10.1002/9781119181002.ch7","title":"Modeling Ground Heat Exchangers","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Borehole; Heat transfer; NTU method; Groundwater; Environmental science; Mechanics; Micro heat exchanger; Plate heat exchanger; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.015710459373464068,"score_gpt":0.22938821814111887,"score_spread":0.2136777587676548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4256236177","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00012971021,0.0022361975,0.00874132,0.00023483556,0.0006423583,0.00014375681,0.00008838801,0.0010261051,0.98675734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.018413154,0.00052062166,0.00019286633,0.00068103895,0.003568913,0.0003892849,0.00012082211,0.0018027275,0.9743106],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997354,0.00010279301,0.00046912153,0.0008252555,0.00041071742,0.0008381326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846846,0.000028318562,0.00015188294,0.0010418681,0.000047870355,0.00026159483],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000105117346,0.00070553157,0.0006602791,0.0003666002,0.00013190668,0.000063390056,0.0006163998,0.00071230944,0.031985868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000042605684,0.00056705537,0.00030434877,0.00017815628,0.00010875806,0.000075874705,0.00012227111,0.00016324455,0.0025426692],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057126414,0.00022931055,0.0000055095466,0.00020029333,0.0009427958,0.0000715009,0.00017176828,0.21787463,0.004507545,0.5398305,0.16091643,0.075192586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004988719,0.000018616736,0.0000018931988,0.00024195832,0.00004012232,0.00001773056,0.000022782895,0.01369473,0.00007035323,0.00057449087,0.9840614,0.00075704255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21511133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011754277,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.823145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000107063825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000702564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996781},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281478095","doi":"10.32920/19852672.v1","title":"Characterization of a novel in-ground heat exchanger for applications in sustainable building energy and maintaining permafrost","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Permafrost; Pile; Heat pump; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Parametric statistics; Foundation (evidence); Thermal; Civil engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology; Engineering; Meteorology; Geography; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01938081715880497,"score_gpt":0.2587136133615671,"score_spread":0.23933279620276215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281478095","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85373384,0.0002195804,0.13741869,0.00047301617,0.000091360394,0.0017139488,0.0004145488,0.000076098586,0.005858918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98251975,0.00006863934,0.0013740063,0.00009238942,0.0001034591,0.00854739,0.001673165,0.00006561887,0.005555588],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983258,0.00004389869,0.0005858326,0.0005463818,0.00013724662,0.00036079963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991431,0.00010348788,0.00019823566,0.00040314274,0.00009692798,0.000055063854],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032744158,0.00024855754,0.00043548236,0.00045157873,0.00012959466,0.00005541343,0.00023407517,0.00019982873,0.0001265152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000143690295,0.00027026213,0.00007694077,0.00038022647,0.000039371527,0.00009595497,0.00050997734,0.00016975233,1.3637602e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018295515,0.00019097746,0.00087925955,0.00034164052,0.000021923157,8.722141e-7,0.00088101055,0.07802081,0.060366966,0.85879326,0.0000030892838,0.00048192134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004364123,0.00014325473,0.037918393,0.0004783037,0.00010079416,0.00001647099,0.019743405,0.21593033,0.0058936197,0.01686801,0.6965035,0.0020397701],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04037287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037948363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8419252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024280653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009886968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281488942","doi":"10.32920/19852672","title":"Characterization of a novel in-ground heat exchanger for applications in sustainable building energy and maintaining permafrost","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Permafrost; Pile; Heat pump; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Parametric statistics; Foundation (evidence); Thermal; Atmospheric sciences; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology; Meteorology; Engineering; Geology; Geography; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01938081715880497,"score_gpt":0.2587136133615671,"score_spread":0.23933279620276215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281488942","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85373384,0.0002195804,0.13741869,0.00047301617,0.000091360394,0.0017139488,0.0004145488,0.000076098586,0.005858918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98251975,0.00006863934,0.0013740063,0.00009238942,0.0001034591,0.00854739,0.001673165,0.00006561887,0.005555588],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983258,0.00004389869,0.0005858326,0.0005463818,0.00013724662,0.00036079963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991431,0.00010348788,0.00019823566,0.00040314274,0.00009692798,0.000055063854],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032744158,0.00024855754,0.00043548236,0.00045157873,0.00012959466,0.00005541343,0.00023407517,0.00019982873,0.0001265152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000143690295,0.00027026213,0.00007694077,0.00038022647,0.000039371527,0.00009595497,0.00050997734,0.00016975233,1.3637602e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018295515,0.00019097746,0.00087925955,0.00034164052,0.000021923157,8.722141e-7,0.00088101055,0.07802081,0.060366966,0.85879326,0.0000030892838,0.00048192134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004364123,0.00014325473,0.037918393,0.0004783037,0.00010079416,0.00001647099,0.019743405,0.21593033,0.0058936197,0.01686801,0.6965035,0.0020397701],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04037287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037948363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8419252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024280653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009886968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281611236","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118737","title":"Investigation of an innovative Canadian well system combined with a frozen water/PCM heat exchanger for air-cooling in hot climate","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Phase-change material; Water cooling; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Evaporative cooler; Heat transfer; Geothermal gradient; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Mechanics; Thermal; Geography","score_opus":0.008379901166704166,"score_gpt":0.17354850179542203,"score_spread":0.16516860062871785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281611236","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99729,0.000012874684,0.0003368174,0.00003568655,0.00006507758,0.0006055042,0.000046719462,0.00010461867,0.0015026715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997122,2.8948983e-7,0.00065947813,0.00006880993,0.000062420906,0.0017431314,0.00024553304,0.00007551242,0.000022827273],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988275,0.00002361899,0.00032837866,0.0002532338,0.00014088316,0.00042634306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950075,0.000027438104,0.00006011433,0.00025205087,0.000050867595,0.0001087499],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002910399,0.00018899684,0.0002722139,0.00025401879,0.00014559696,0.000012925285,0.00018986742,0.000057910867,0.000034492692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014753076,0.00016789949,0.000025821791,0.00042404406,0.000017827759,0.00007294187,0.000044818677,0.00014063947,0.0000049500477],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016094524,0.000010689854,0.000054085616,0.00011636989,0.000028639008,0.0000026864975,0.0015493149,0.8185041,0.13762762,0.041836232,0.0000010338802,0.00010828388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052754856,0.0005562194,0.010214624,0.00023556188,0.00005872866,0.000027039609,0.0052781734,0.6659494,0.30039778,0.000071371185,0.010611645,0.0013239881],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07323487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011275502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16277015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022799437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004930268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93293655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283370284","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2022.124615","title":"Subsurface waste heat recovery from the abandoned steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Steam-assisted gravity drainage; Oil sands; Petroleum engineering; Extraction (chemistry); Steam injection; Thermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Waste management; Geothermal energy; Energy recovery; Environmental science; Waste heat; Produced water; Environmental engineering; Geology; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Energy (signal processing); Chemistry; Asphalt; Materials science","score_opus":0.013087329308054695,"score_gpt":0.215021223230458,"score_spread":0.2019338939224033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283370284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94522995,0.0015317532,0.0027745129,0.0045076893,0.0010892482,0.0002606654,0.000412014,0.00033567252,0.043858517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97601867,0.000025159963,0.0001432232,0.0012386033,0.00035040552,0.00060199003,0.00049283146,0.000056328805,0.021072812],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979675,0.0004817708,0.00038234665,0.00045066338,0.0003733834,0.0003443351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986575,0.00021690357,0.00007307739,0.00089586055,0.000055788896,0.00010084331],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026549227,0.00023390411,0.0002658047,0.000047776906,0.0013630136,0.00010615387,0.00054959283,0.000072817646,0.0014183888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025315603,0.00018833105,0.00018069534,0.00046605914,0.000060288075,0.00012326507,0.0002414216,0.000229274,0.000049546434],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034607703,0.00014672203,0.000064859436,0.0000016597886,0.000113809096,0.0000075819444,0.0002901106,0.85501647,0.01987514,0.11778406,0.0030184893,0.0036465067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010778874,0.000093425595,0.004726425,0.000012600024,0.0000627989,0.000021228208,0.0016598775,0.020146292,0.004330828,0.0030508141,0.9643021,0.0005156779],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18706691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.027067127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9612837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013470316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000079189034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283380463","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102469","title":"Design parameters impacting electricity generation from horizontal multilateral closed-loop geothermal systems in Hot Dry Rock","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Organic Rankine cycle; Mass flow rate; Geology; Volumetric flow rate; Fluid dynamics; Electricity generation; Working fluid; Flow (mathematics); Petroleum engineering; Petrology; Mechanics; Geophysics; Power (physics); Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.02913587178887384,"score_gpt":0.2336739520358669,"score_spread":0.20453808024699308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283380463","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883733,0.00036358307,0.009299629,0.0000531949,0.00054973166,0.0005987684,0.000075452626,0.00018297238,0.0005033817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964753,0.0000112981,0.0008267302,0.00020981065,0.00038741264,0.0005803844,0.00016065243,0.000114937655,0.0012334958],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970454,0.00065306557,0.00064831995,0.00059417693,0.00039244155,0.00066659093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884564,0.00016814336,0.0003244564,0.0004987409,0.00004192703,0.000121123165],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056730886,0.00034949923,0.00040991307,0.00018158459,0.0005068527,0.00012488978,0.00040031725,0.00015467156,0.00030638627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023188033,0.00037130105,0.0001275012,0.00044977566,0.000021224538,0.00019230077,0.00009529982,0.00052169705,0.00006432796],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011171417,0.00013060722,0.00073825597,0.000004846483,0.000056874163,0.000018537325,0.00066218874,0.9084865,0.08361398,0.0014269317,0.00007597075,0.0046736174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011454612,0.00014542574,0.0024189816,0.000013936105,0.000026084024,0.000021860864,0.0006066463,0.98627746,0.004855752,0.00015730245,0.003793003,0.0005380572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10948837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011755591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10831281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049110025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009931361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283749839","doi":"10.18280/ijdne.170307","title":"Thermal Performance of EAHE System in Algerian Site: Case Study of Ghardaïa","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Thermal; Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Materials science; Saturation (graph theory); Heat transfer; Environmental science; Geothermal gradient; Inlet; Parametric statistics; Nuclear engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Geology; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.008950333162856988,"score_gpt":0.23364162474549083,"score_spread":0.22469129158263385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283749839","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99867696,0.00021064388,0.00020715303,0.000052502757,0.0003569909,0.00011169643,0.000022800927,0.00000449801,0.00035673464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994922,0.000016775339,0.00029424627,0.000024797127,0.000084561485,0.000011247433,0.0000044128446,0.000013234471,0.000058511676],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986992,0.00012421007,0.00061122817,0.000102429694,0.00037038393,0.000092548005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897224,0.000077645775,0.00057779654,0.000113107206,0.0002237545,0.00003545448],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005064355,0.00009706888,0.0002437678,0.00027003294,0.000055561868,0.000013195754,0.0002837253,0.00006463534,0.00003356212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010647839,0.00008518187,0.000061301354,0.00016810838,0.00001936086,0.00011259148,0.00007319751,0.00035324701,3.3628623e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004298463,0.00062353164,0.013751709,0.000044120086,0.00031105484,0.0010133656,0.0031683997,0.9665345,0.0050781514,0.0045044613,0.000025934043,0.0045149107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00941675,0.0037509017,0.039094575,0.00038852968,0.00023345968,0.021042718,0.05541842,0.8646238,0.0016986236,0.00018148015,0.0034498323,0.00070090836],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011629909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000373935,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10191071,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099014316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054576754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3473616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4284883032","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102504","title":"Design and optimization of deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers for cold sedimentary basins","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Coaxial; Drilling; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.01589014725459374,"score_gpt":0.21874256925378913,"score_spread":0.2028524219991954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4284883032","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.102784455,0.0005883896,0.8918303,0.00085198414,0.00036091844,0.0014906152,0.00029919404,0.00012953967,0.0016645862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9479445,0.000047248504,0.047131203,0.0013835867,0.00022656302,0.0013956057,0.0002231367,0.00011933181,0.001528826],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930364,0.000060716586,0.00018619513,0.00017499654,0.00011609713,0.00015833134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996134,0.00006636812,0.000072945404,0.00017120366,0.000032769494,0.000043312164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017635999,0.00009763562,0.00014161038,0.000052439325,0.00020261852,0.000010277199,0.000104518615,0.00003777053,0.0003284899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003482685,0.000105770705,0.000040293282,0.00012053637,0.000038956812,0.00004108266,0.00004438866,0.000045245928,0.0000010502881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039955048,0.000054719796,0.00002458088,0.000016302496,0.000025597063,4.0282052e-7,0.0003295413,0.9855379,0.0062618777,0.006173152,0.00027628968,0.0012596968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096029165,0.00017796259,0.000029664847,0.00000528008,0.00003294674,0.000007087237,0.0005333098,0.9025855,0.0050042127,0.00025970757,0.09023165,0.0001723782],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001627294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007260608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84516007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004692711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023565748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43132043},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285012302","doi":"10.3390/thermo2030014","title":"Semi-Analytical Method for 3D Transient Heat Transfer in Thermally Interacting Fields of Ground Heat Exchangers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermo","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Advection; Heat transfer; Multipole expansion; Transient (computer programming); Heat exchanger; Borehole; Finite element method; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geology; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.032145799945227184,"score_gpt":0.2930615723851739,"score_spread":0.2609157724399467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285012302","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9355301,0.00016814667,0.042140797,0.0014005199,0.00018296487,0.00047156867,0.000042630796,0.00005119478,0.02001204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976206,0.0000041658573,0.0007107646,0.00033048826,0.000070332426,0.00042137405,0.000018521856,0.00003766786,0.00078612],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998733,0.00018789044,0.0003875653,0.00024992618,0.00017674724,0.00026491596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935406,0.00028486544,0.000017240276,0.00025962555,0.00003417199,0.00005004425],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004948071,0.00014308031,0.00030289934,0.00008939811,0.00010219096,0.000010545064,0.00021408836,0.00006362251,0.0014724992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010181566,0.00013154928,0.00015710497,0.00024305948,0.00002321862,0.000048833816,0.00002681596,0.00018710895,0.0000029224334],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046159956,0.00047948785,0.00006152089,0.00013942902,0.00025298944,0.000009111852,0.018188484,0.7309484,0.17102873,0.04332032,0.00011262261,0.03499731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003177599,0.0006455808,0.0016019945,0.00011394629,0.00021262052,0.000060455284,0.0076517467,0.82468694,0.017575068,0.00092025736,0.14250638,0.00084743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013267361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011848996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15345366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007002142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028375183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285129882","doi":"10.4095/330009","title":"Using shallow temperature measurements to evaluate thermal flux anomalies in the southern Mount Meager volcanic area, British Columbia, Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Volcano; Geology; Python (programming language); Mount; Temperature gradient; Geothermal energy; Thermal; Seismology; Geophysics; Meteorology; Geography","score_opus":0.06313621735547856,"score_gpt":0.2649148499686498,"score_spread":0.20177863261317122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285129882","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8455506,0.001003398,0.0000055814735,0.00022064064,0.00091959356,0.0012780471,0.0006198196,0.00008242184,0.15031987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8506538,0.0000126868445,0.00005728723,0.0011400984,0.0004716866,0.001037434,0.00040420008,0.00016213032,0.14606066],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9942304,0.00044544938,0.00090192305,0.00086533546,0.0028424268,0.0007144547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978902,0.000056442666,0.0003403789,0.001051157,0.0005061979,0.00015565776],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017049798,0.00044613972,0.0007211014,0.00008243759,0.0006099044,0.00060686644,0.0010195073,0.0003085578,0.014365172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009584655,0.0004793518,0.00021696794,0.0005809899,0.000036608122,0.00006383481,0.00021061016,0.00068470003,0.000022036871],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031789532,0.0005419414,0.05086389,0.00040232332,0.0016383991,0.000773796,0.0025246656,0.7483216,0.015305801,0.0001597515,0.1698845,0.00955154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005918358,0.000046314424,0.033897944,0.00032383518,0.00023311716,0.00030569665,0.0048311166,0.0014320848,0.000021877415,0.00002987329,0.9569505,0.0013358265],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9996816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99992347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.787066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026910547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0043185162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997658},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285679050","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119017","title":"Performance assessment of a rock aggregate heat exchanger exposed to daily temperature variation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University; Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Aggregate (composite); Pile; Environmental science; Thermal; Computational fluid dynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Ventilation (architecture); Sensitivity (control systems); Porosity; Petroleum engineering; Civil engineering; Engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.0069117143413514005,"score_gpt":0.1948223481892418,"score_spread":0.1879106338478904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285679050","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918944,0.000032256452,0.0014483986,0.000075658674,0.00015449828,0.00030446195,0.000013012045,0.00013917129,0.005938112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974006,0.0000025898305,0.0009004351,0.00009568134,0.00013741344,0.0009888245,0.000031158397,0.00005560951,0.00038772577],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989268,0.00001741993,0.0002733567,0.00024675837,0.00027462505,0.00026104506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994712,0.000023287292,0.00006187781,0.00033738866,0.00002854161,0.000077692086],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016674606,0.00017891423,0.00021284068,0.000114764385,0.00015212825,0.000017183109,0.00023102394,0.000050503575,0.00034647365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023609603,0.0001839531,0.00005267019,0.00038859298,0.0000037509324,0.00005341427,0.00012302713,0.00018588932,0.000017776601],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007273492,0.000021654218,0.000014303639,0.00001936426,0.000019060044,4.32372e-7,0.00033490933,0.53249085,0.45969996,0.006982587,0.000007798316,0.00040177308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014045597,0.00020411352,0.03614968,0.000060134822,0.000037256676,0.000014980712,0.00041014276,0.8082619,0.11094373,0.000019837049,0.041654,0.00083968387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002254372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000035868438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34875625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001012991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027010054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.750139},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285822532","doi":"10.26868/25222708.2021.31086","title":"Faster computation of g-functions used for modeling of ground heat exchangers with reduced memory consumption","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Building Simulation Conference proceedings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lunds Universitet; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Heat pump; Computation; Heat exchanger; Computer science; Function (biology); Borehole; Flexibility (engineering); Energy consumption; Computational science; Heat transfer; Energy (signal processing); Simulation; Mechanical engineering; Algorithm; Engineering; Mechanics; Physics; Mathematics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.06331560758936222,"score_gpt":0.29563695087807806,"score_spread":0.23232134328871584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285822532","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6846558,0.000021554359,0.31459746,0.00007611082,0.000047268335,0.0002248537,0.000007710078,0.000044002867,0.00032528164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925858,0.0000024972449,0.0069896043,0.000016462882,0.00006131578,0.00009867813,0.000050661598,0.000026653808,0.00016834601],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988846,0.00001265975,0.00043494842,0.00029629804,0.0002128857,0.00015857015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99790317,0.00009133481,0.00023388366,0.00009744039,0.0016264563,0.00004771567],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015112446,0.00014388101,0.00026210686,0.00012399074,0.000119955796,0.000046788493,0.00007193663,0.00009273913,0.000039606108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057799552,0.00014200047,0.0000604842,0.00029379214,0.0000494864,0.00026092547,0.00001886459,0.00005925344,0.0000015824548],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043759796,0.00004001331,0.00037723593,0.00020450917,0.00003728695,6.333865e-8,0.0010515916,0.81919014,0.1628762,0.015462167,0.0000023483688,0.00071469933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008317674,0.000057611618,0.00040082016,0.0002698061,0.000059617025,0.0000031124027,0.0011495729,0.9741573,0.021966457,0.00085596525,0.000096176445,0.00015180685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043448305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000041655087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30793002,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003971605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008139959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5790611},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289110626","doi":"10.3390/en15155519","title":"A Review on Geothermal Renewable Energy Systems for Eco-Friendly Air-Conditioning","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Air conditioning; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Energy consumption; Environmentally friendly; Geothermal energy; Process engineering; Efficient energy use; Thermal comfort; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Geothermal gradient; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.033792324730476414,"score_gpt":0.28768232365126595,"score_spread":0.25388999892078956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4289110626","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[4.173419e-7,0.96201134,0.00014386568,0.000050276787,0.0012703128,0.00083502574,0.00041543762,0.0003663336,0.03490698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000010630378,0.9406634,0.0000786274,0.0005305644,0.0013450978,0.017738696,0.0023714527,0.00031522138,0.036946315],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99601763,0.00044140362,0.0013598921,0.0010198108,0.00042283678,0.00073845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99672216,0.0006441648,0.001060178,0.0013305639,0.0000796188,0.00016330657],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004953937,0.00089415786,0.0025298016,0.00031582708,0.0006999527,0.0001050982,0.00089458877,0.00034505513,0.0014040056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008114183,0.0007672616,0.0011621737,0.00060588913,0.000057111283,0.00013052349,0.0001636568,0.0003022156,0.000114768816],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000064618835,0.00009776901,2.7271037e-8,0.037746057,0.00044651897,0.000009738818,0.00001684621,0.4888117,6.4011806e-7,0.13447598,0.10094518,0.2374431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001945358,0.00011772129,4.8491163e-8,0.025480662,0.000559803,0.000061646155,0.000045284785,0.00027048247,0.0000025305649,0.00011010119,0.97236234,0.0007948519],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022943446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051976676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87141716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033884516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003172317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99950886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289275220","doi":"10.1615/ichmt.2022.conv22.240","title":"EFFECTS OF THE SOIL PROPERTIES ON CANADIAN WELLS PERFORMANCE: NUMERICAL SIMULATION","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat transfer; Thermal diffusivity; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Inlet; Soil water; Geotechnical engineering; Soil science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.008639485130545905,"score_gpt":0.18537861460807722,"score_spread":0.17673912947753131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4289275220","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9576221,0.000018014476,0.000014267638,0.0004140291,0.000118399796,0.00015661313,0.0000015897629,0.000020866035,0.041634098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908327,6.310494e-7,0.000003759797,0.0004521903,0.00003224008,0.00011288752,0.0000015510285,0.000009940196,0.0085541345],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950117,0.000051072373,0.00010308292,0.000085755855,0.0001440247,0.00011491537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971324,0.000027616308,0.000035937996,0.0001681304,0.000016535927,0.000038524948],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047847298,0.000055347205,0.000066120454,0.000030835534,0.0002683834,0.000005556057,0.00013358808,0.000017835679,0.00036023444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007132506,0.000034200923,0.000036584464,0.000154084,0.000016083832,0.000019429037,0.000028926706,0.00006859275,0.00003411938],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004360076,0.000022282948,0.0003560279,0.000013860959,0.000006001261,1.2009548e-7,0.00011686893,0.9864645,0.0011740222,0.010189183,0.0001218635,0.0015308799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030761946,0.000117783246,0.03270942,0.00002064662,0.000012413464,0.0000016970597,0.00015490309,0.59315175,0.035146765,0.000064362765,0.33815295,0.00015968872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33708447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011329334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39331278,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000676915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006195835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66732997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4295879731","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2022.105599","title":"An analytical solution for heat extraction from shallow ground using a single-phase closed thermosyphon: A model for artificial ground freezing","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermosiphon; Ground freezing; Heat transfer; Environmental science; Greenhouse; Thermal conductivity; Extraction (chemistry); Drilling; Thermal energy storage; Mechanics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Geology; Chromatography; Composite material","score_opus":0.09123291111363684,"score_gpt":0.3254673936621164,"score_spread":0.23423448254847956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4295879731","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51606053,0.000108992215,0.48308986,0.00012237376,0.00036187307,0.00009613489,0.00007634603,0.00002137421,0.000062504594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891599,0.0000025443526,0.008504204,0.00017510621,0.0016588806,0.00010226411,0.00011942766,0.00007834973,0.00019932241],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99788684,0.00015169739,0.00084481825,0.00033266708,0.00041575643,0.00036823528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998539,0.0001782587,0.0005519633,0.0003073187,0.00023881735,0.00018465219],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005588826,0.00023697158,0.0004301889,0.00021645296,0.00072152,0.00013326968,0.00029337185,0.00013209863,0.00008434201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003548468,0.0002381708,0.0003992402,0.00020961279,0.000040702485,0.00050318765,0.00003470799,0.00021704202,3.6074218e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005821571,0.0006782367,0.0000018609097,0.0000055641526,0.00010513937,0.0000091543525,0.0001930584,0.6409482,0.33317623,0.019522158,0.00004572117,0.0047325115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017457831,0.0006327014,0.000024946847,0.00001919592,0.00019448587,0.000068976,0.00045839863,0.9773219,0.0014648407,0.0075416793,0.010270643,0.00025639907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056151086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019059428,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47458568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059310975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016410742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97123235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297349119","doi":"10.56952/arma-2022-0341","title":"Characterizing Rock Fractures and Physical Properties for Experiment 2 of the EGS Collab Project, Sanford Underground Research Facility","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geology; Suite; Testbed; Mining engineering; Igneous petrology; Geophysics; Engineering geology; Tectonics; Volcanism; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Seismology; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.08345236260025672,"score_gpt":0.33385270931516053,"score_spread":0.2504003467149038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297349119","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936545,0.00009665982,0.000054857446,0.0008245766,0.00004334251,0.0007858874,0.000036796297,0.000025480407,0.004477906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992067,0.0000020903697,0.000027834114,0.00007994953,0.000054649434,0.0017450089,0.000007659622,0.000010206926,0.006005617],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989893,0.00013530938,0.00017057908,0.00020871293,0.00029883004,0.00019730748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947137,0.00008060579,0.000059348476,0.0002845439,0.0000793674,0.000024794048],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024689946,0.000088136025,0.0001444069,0.000033793065,0.00061385316,0.00003490447,0.00019304933,0.000023579356,0.000074943826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022210701,0.000053639782,0.000056983783,0.00017659312,0.00006588259,0.000051130908,0.0002478199,0.00011735939,0.0000014436574],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023815314,0.00058016693,0.0002147017,0.00019395402,0.00011009228,3.0069717e-7,0.014368847,0.008748718,0.8476114,0.12199414,0.0019847343,0.0039547575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062169554,0.00027379653,0.0021327601,0.00001807498,0.000011528836,0.0000057041266,0.023627523,0.0076782918,0.31134343,0.0013045273,0.6527624,0.00022026162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007404467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023228955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6507777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006555033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008333318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4298156517","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00229-z","title":"Evaluation of closed-loop U-Tube deep borehole heat exchanger in the Basal Cambrian Sandstone formation, Alberta, Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; University of Calgary","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Borehole; Geothermal energy; Heat transfer; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Loop (graph theory); Tube (container); Petrology; Geothermal heating; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics; Physics","score_opus":0.014647231178655027,"score_gpt":0.22287046556305967,"score_spread":0.20822323438440465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4298156517","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9276565,0.00080465496,0.00017852888,0.0019199539,0.00034261128,0.00035842252,0.000058181366,0.000028619988,0.06865254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947019,0.000008484745,0.000014101861,0.0016708166,0.00017221966,0.0010303193,0.00018535346,0.00004200619,0.0021747495],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99670297,0.00075735326,0.0005558916,0.00028781075,0.0012890946,0.00040687798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886924,0.00012119523,0.00017731602,0.00058588816,0.00017745569,0.00006887859],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012095245,0.0002170404,0.00026187903,0.00012734764,0.00031364642,0.000021660357,0.00048721896,0.00006360016,0.0024474638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034604716,0.0001842691,0.00008848783,0.00056543143,0.000046896286,0.00013465875,0.00008656646,0.00015489508,0.0000063251173],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029978091,0.00013657511,0.00020293772,0.000012739672,0.00004603655,0.0000045242896,0.0012984506,0.94350976,0.0014580988,0.03742281,0.0015247681,0.014353333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028288786,0.00012911894,0.023048582,0.000024278104,0.00013842588,0.00006537479,0.0048365956,0.44062722,0.0023601165,0.001151,0.52414995,0.0006404521],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98390085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9789577,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5226252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038444888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043976662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301024982","doi":"10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.2313","title":"Residential Total Energy System Installation at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; Electricity; Thermostat; Heat pump; Environmental science; Waste heat; Single-family detached home; Engineering; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Civil engineering; Electricity generation; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.019656085109532876,"score_gpt":0.22733002351762338,"score_spread":0.2076739384080905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4301024982","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6456975,0.0009180055,0.33679157,0.0069317594,0.0029611394,0.00037146953,0.0007993544,0.00027821012,0.0052510365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924487,0.000052063137,0.0002674293,0.00016595953,0.0023800926,0.00011259637,0.0013041801,0.000055108547,0.003213866],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977275,0.00019512456,0.00066985335,0.00040267617,0.00042996698,0.0005748391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99805355,0.000051031195,0.000514504,0.00035175311,0.0007497128,0.00027943644],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023192645,0.00030568294,0.00027786632,0.00032846586,0.0035752906,0.00019660595,0.0003374037,0.0002403611,0.00013312508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053632877,0.0002488331,0.00019748039,0.00048329288,0.00016056815,0.00022695598,0.000062554864,0.00019662522,0.000015129232],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003717408,0.00003489292,0.00033170113,0.000004219483,0.00021337987,0.000053174783,0.00017273777,0.55336255,0.0075375577,0.42674097,0.008101506,0.0034101177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022237066,0.00010581571,0.00091627944,0.00006439068,0.000098110635,0.0022098157,0.00069492473,0.23838776,0.058577593,0.0013898759,0.69457066,0.000761075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15508907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.55472165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68646914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014604972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043746724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304892212","doi":"10.1007/s10765-022-03113-x","title":"Estimating Soil Thermal Conductivity by Weighted Average Models with Soil Solids as a Continuous Medium","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermophysics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Soil water; Soil science; Thermal; Environmental science; Quartz; Water content; Phase (matter); Discontinuity (linguistics); Materials science; Mineralogy; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.01003573685463284,"score_gpt":0.23185081508481095,"score_spread":0.2218150782301781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4304892212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755773,0.0000794662,0.012318694,0.0012155968,0.00081748277,0.00008666153,0.00005578919,0.000040244173,0.009808782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967449,0.0000038502753,0.0007225377,0.00043754742,0.00080401934,0.000042651773,0.000027356276,0.000054306744,0.0011628334],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99795336,0.00014400706,0.00048045607,0.00019837257,0.0009999167,0.00022386303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983745,0.00009317329,0.0007838769,0.00021017283,0.0004386168,0.00009961814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028223477,0.00020790413,0.000316009,0.00008512833,0.00021132256,0.00008438213,0.0007658556,0.000044287186,0.00039159597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012478171,0.00016985813,0.0001700336,0.00013773986,0.000076796125,0.0003746148,0.00014382192,0.00042264338,0.000014305982],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021864746,0.00035130949,0.00004778756,0.0000042108427,0.00053706014,0.00008464498,0.00081596675,0.89188284,0.07490988,0.024920855,0.0004331007,0.0057937265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007248006,0.0011893313,0.00034141535,0.00019777947,0.00023054886,0.0019828752,0.0015964077,0.808049,0.057590317,0.097704,0.02254576,0.0013245653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002359654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026424726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08383382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016817269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018820411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69266135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307404222","doi":"10.1007/s10230-022-00900-8","title":"Geothermal Energy Potential of Active Northern Underground Mines: Designing a System Relying on Mine Water","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mine Water and the Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Hatch (Canada); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Dewatering; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Hydrogeology; Mining engineering; Geothermal gradient; Waste management; Electricity; Environmental engineering; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.007288313378159615,"score_gpt":0.1680166840029827,"score_spread":0.1607283706248231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307404222","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963279,0.00014551105,0.000954768,0.00044236952,0.00008918223,0.00024324427,0.000012839992,0.000028075301,0.0017561065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931515,0.000009428285,0.000034806377,0.00010214012,0.000095492964,0.0004920782,0.00006863359,0.00004532862,0.0060006087],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984712,0.00025125698,0.00035365348,0.00031036328,0.00029947783,0.00031405027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994361,0.00004253559,0.000095013624,0.00036624138,0.00000786762,0.000052264386],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025905427,0.0002188754,0.00031484306,0.000058690446,0.00041195913,0.000020190515,0.00020126559,0.000041719515,0.0002535558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010656845,0.00011424362,0.00011628563,0.000031961248,0.00011879368,0.000040084582,0.0002272488,0.00008969626,0.000018296121],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00068781595,0.00031801118,0.00013750544,0.0002493292,0.00047194565,0.000032310512,0.005699819,0.6970958,0.28012437,0.013946418,0.000017717532,0.0012189164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.021037808,0.0015029344,0.0021099143,0.00054350786,0.0012905288,0.0005029663,0.030550567,0.05361476,0.7767911,0.0031394777,0.106395036,0.0025214306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00817296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015378957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6434811,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010898674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000040506357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307551735","doi":"10.3390/en15217906","title":"Energy Performance Evaluation of a Solar PVT Thermal Energy Storage System Based on Small Size Borefield","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Thermal energy storage; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Energy storage; Heat pump; Solar energy; Nuclear engineering; Process engineering; Meteorology; Thermal; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Power (physics); Thermodynamics; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.017251115727963538,"score_gpt":0.21450211445701534,"score_spread":0.1972509987290518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307551735","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9288154,0.00037646943,0.000431945,0.00014169657,0.00047087244,0.000116258685,0.00004279546,0.00022535674,0.06937915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99581844,0.000008827116,0.00014116558,0.00032328058,0.00021642064,0.0011077494,0.00008340279,0.00006761958,0.0022330969],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99714255,0.00054959813,0.00051912194,0.00043990335,0.0009823525,0.00036648655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99834317,0.00022276485,0.00034448513,0.00081213965,0.00019623883,0.00008120296],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007990463,0.00029365742,0.00036475123,0.00017965506,0.00044333717,0.000029954925,0.00047462163,0.00010815162,0.0008002613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029373072,0.0002785454,0.00017963389,0.00042556983,0.00005763059,0.0000839552,0.00012542368,0.00015452674,0.0000073993574],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007271155,0.00012667367,0.0000739834,0.000031191634,0.000044361666,0.0000027130297,0.00012058774,0.8871243,0.006918008,0.09055444,0.0001815436,0.014749462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013330082,0.0003505177,0.0018588117,0.000071185204,0.00009971391,0.000008348148,0.0009127186,0.8559815,0.03760249,0.00008614235,0.10122395,0.00047159623],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012643396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00049914955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.101042405,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025793895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020561759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309189926","doi":"10.1029/2022wr032137","title":"A Semi‐Analytical Solution for Heat Transport in Rock With Parallel Fractures and a Heat Source in Both Fracture and Matrix","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Resources Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conduction; Fracture (geology); Mechanics; Matrix (chemical analysis); Source function; Advection; Transient (computer programming); Geology; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.022433500701848262,"score_gpt":0.30447262156216315,"score_spread":0.2820391208603149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4309189926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935894,0.0006423536,0.0008844773,0.0038712686,0.000004525704,0.000546319,0.000010589596,0.00002643933,0.0004246542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99568236,0.000019099047,0.00009696102,0.00015602545,0.00005963827,0.0007774338,0.000046281486,0.00003858101,0.0031236478],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99800414,0.00021976582,0.00026288768,0.00045609885,0.00045387476,0.00060324976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948275,0.000117328724,0.000013412156,0.00023078879,0.000031318796,0.00012441314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007548116,0.00015859501,0.0002662654,0.00032345703,0.00036416762,0.00005891218,0.00017285073,0.00010315349,0.00014492296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007429019,0.00010902857,0.00003635724,0.00026939707,0.00008560062,0.00006476481,0.000097003445,0.00052719575,0.000002697639],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011944458,0.00020365296,0.024861703,0.00014762761,0.0000480642,0.0000403715,0.012493409,0.9562595,0.0032903347,0.00061737665,0.00029630816,0.0005471964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023862638,0.0003686227,0.03109755,0.000056358265,0.000013832738,0.00006104488,0.002130475,0.1841303,0.0003107819,0.00057665,0.778565,0.00030310097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.033510383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0063450946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7782687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008428739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021470574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97292554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310073383","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119709","title":"Thermodynamic Modeling of the Advanced Geothermal System Using Inclined Well Applications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Process engineering; Engineering; Geology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.006808121102850579,"score_gpt":0.1856603801403256,"score_spread":0.178852259037475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310073383","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.939854,0.00014352228,0.040451623,0.000025598838,0.00019426616,0.0007970076,0.000027593998,0.00031919157,0.018187152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974979,9.629097e-7,0.00094218325,0.00003606972,0.00013007078,0.0011543324,0.000012440832,0.00011434361,0.0001116837],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983897,0.000042503376,0.0005205312,0.0003337304,0.00034307828,0.00037045428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888676,0.00004270614,0.00022179939,0.0007466927,0.000038978033,0.000063077074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021601965,0.00025844292,0.00029920548,0.00009360427,0.00045686334,0.000015019729,0.0006880095,0.000067919,0.000112490605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023798796,0.00022596527,0.00016239438,0.0005351302,0.000032368363,0.000052911844,0.00032297362,0.00029875815,0.000013492357],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009983426,0.000025039746,0.000006210322,0.000039094746,0.0000324895,2.590647e-7,0.000083223356,0.6331035,0.24418898,0.12197249,1.8019993e-7,0.00053854455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040671747,0.0000074146174,0.00010264051,0.0000211431,0.000035320838,0.00001064331,0.0005160302,0.99319863,0.0026182374,0.00006548083,0.002768152,0.00024957611],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009765849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009663205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36009514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021073225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049817736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9214596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310276891","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123646","title":"Oscillatory thermal response test using heating cables: A novel method for in situ thermal property analysis","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Armand-Frappier Foundation","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Thermal transmittance; Materials science; Thermal effusivity; Environmental science; Thermal resistance; Work (physics); Flexibility (engineering); Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Thermal contact conductance; Engineering","score_opus":0.026176404135255366,"score_gpt":0.2881251489875333,"score_spread":0.2619487448522779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310276891","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9123098,0.0001588082,0.085978255,0.0008443993,0.000147607,0.00012233705,0.000050019196,0.00000792469,0.00038080142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99337184,0.00000498755,0.005886522,0.0002297131,0.0001551583,0.00003967132,0.0000054951606,0.000020535757,0.00028606356],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866855,0.00014959427,0.00050669676,0.00016271949,0.00034518616,0.0001672651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992968,0.0003150459,0.000060481994,0.000086692446,0.0001798004,0.00006117416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010784238,0.00012281229,0.0002724454,0.0003726293,0.00014150895,0.000044278317,0.0002253159,0.00004170934,0.00012649999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003528116,0.000089889094,0.00020689539,0.00023458994,0.000024324536,0.00013457042,0.000023727627,0.00017649282,2.2266322e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047391228,0.00009065027,0.002029958,0.0000043001155,0.0002631286,0.000009348496,0.0005478352,0.43004465,0.56528085,0.00036136992,0.0000016692685,0.0008923282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012731818,0.0010158184,0.051511902,0.00020409549,0.001136643,0.0008616207,0.0046614693,0.8140656,0.0535005,0.0005347992,0.058672853,0.0011029068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019530031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002903434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5117804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014571506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000114409064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3665571},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311798920","doi":"10.18280/i2m.210502","title":"Experimental Analysis for the Performance of a Geothermal Heat Exchanger Made of Environmentally Friendly Materials","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Geothermal energy; Environmentally friendly; Plate fin heat exchanger; Heat spreader; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal heating; Heat recovery ventilation; Plate heat exchanger; Heat sink; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.019655600664419473,"score_gpt":0.25789360957731555,"score_spread":0.2382380089128961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311798920","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980528,0.00015038061,0.00057558814,0.000228603,0.0001414594,0.00039098025,0.00022982547,0.000020396401,0.00021000404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979149,0.000013429429,0.0004284941,0.00011230003,0.00004020897,0.0011680492,0.00014078237,0.000017504204,0.00016430087],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878925,0.00012630556,0.00043668994,0.0002004264,0.00026697593,0.00018036451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993362,0.00008244745,0.00024900786,0.00029186025,0.00001793361,0.000022554344],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036026214,0.00012652206,0.00025783817,0.00010093884,0.00022416898,0.000009850707,0.00026893622,0.000039056784,0.002371059],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000037855264,0.000099806,0.00014814323,0.00022133834,0.00009944534,0.000074367694,0.000088373476,0.00004810665,0.0000031910024],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018187454,0.00012771763,0.0051928964,0.000014253261,0.00040096548,1.8035436e-7,0.0005117851,0.27255547,0.7174628,0.002682088,0.000026243853,0.00084373343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001212984,0.0006118532,0.07154469,0.0000030438034,0.00029364723,0.0000041102153,0.0028905848,0.0068782573,0.91187114,0.000046703193,0.0044755014,0.00016751407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016247078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002392168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2656772,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006508455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001845046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99854094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313045806","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4244446","title":"Heat Extraction from Shallow Ground Using Multiple Closed Single-Phase Thermosyphons","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Thermosiphon; Extraction (chemistry); Environmental science; Geology; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Physics; Chemistry; Chromatography","score_opus":0.024258573070652354,"score_gpt":0.26448036404375846,"score_spread":0.24022179097310611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313045806","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848073,0.0012275311,0.01181241,0.00030479828,0.00044763638,0.00012695573,0.000022945776,0.00007979868,0.001170638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976533,0.00008416004,0.00018389546,0.00010344696,0.0006362631,0.000042162737,0.000051134,0.00006613741,0.0011795224],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99735934,0.00022455717,0.00039043446,0.00029177195,0.00035348762,0.0013804241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933827,0.000082486324,0.00014171931,0.00028684404,0.0000491053,0.00010154717],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056685536,0.00019960894,0.00021130618,0.000105453015,0.0010688716,0.00008657402,0.00030562904,0.000069175396,0.00085566496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017804983,0.00019931128,0.00018148191,0.00024978243,0.000027247665,0.00020267535,0.000057039022,0.0014058789,0.000027586007],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017287729,0.0008278981,0.00023881003,0.0000021254725,0.00032604457,0.000016008067,0.00037805564,0.11473951,0.802344,0.044624675,0.000020586773,0.03630937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018444553,0.002263664,0.0025831794,0.00007247052,0.0005748436,0.0058908695,0.030487973,0.3148075,0.009915138,0.22753084,0.38492396,0.0025050272],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027705982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0124768065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7924289,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018128713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005848968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9787686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313703123","doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-27704-2","title":"An integrated framework of ground source heat pump utilisation for high-performance buildings","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australian Government; Australian Government","keywords":"Heat pump; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.016844275697791535,"score_gpt":0.2543057560307285,"score_spread":0.23746148033293699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313703123","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98769504,0.000011277479,0.009316635,0.00008035199,0.002118137,0.00024999573,0.0000047523895,0.00023120044,0.00029262033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99327147,0.0000016613972,0.0011798532,0.000016014164,0.00010679081,0.00015557317,0.00030138766,0.000027558284,0.0049396977],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984175,0.000024289488,0.0005012243,0.0005079537,0.0002890148,0.00026002672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985702,0.000050778137,0.00021304961,0.0008010177,0.00028855345,0.000076390636],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010120965,0.00011845929,0.00017698885,0.00017547312,0.00031811345,0.00012634725,0.00015889983,0.00010665497,0.000079745165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000108426524,0.000103870814,0.000051567196,0.0012583717,0.00013681773,0.00021040317,0.000024703046,0.000068602036,0.000026343298],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027549984,0.00016572693,0.004045408,0.00016316747,0.00005100996,0.00000843235,0.0018164588,0.6437673,0.26364264,0.04979627,0.0026434204,0.033872604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029220502,0.00014650711,0.016017837,0.0002630566,0.0000462651,0.000050952465,0.0011902187,0.14834215,0.24887395,0.03764192,0.54659164,0.00054329634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003846687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009728669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54394823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032783762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006317431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5815066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317620299","doi":"10.1002/htj.22827","title":"Numerical investigation of large‐scale seasonal rock‐pit energy storage system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Conical surface; Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Environmental science; Energy storage; Geology; Flow (mathematics); Porosity; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Geometry; Power (physics); Meteorology; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.013166894757321048,"score_gpt":0.21774155235329332,"score_spread":0.20457465759597226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4317620299","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95228,0.00013460053,0.036237024,0.0005517117,0.00023106362,0.00014388171,0.00008897105,0.00055001304,0.009782777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99809307,0.000009870352,0.000040927272,0.00011563352,0.00016918516,0.00015521226,0.00013142277,0.000044500823,0.0012401599],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986741,0.00009994528,0.00034333806,0.00027603365,0.00029425876,0.000312326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943876,0.00004706893,0.00001048037,0.00028557362,0.00006748304,0.00015062335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014791758,0.00015947504,0.0002662192,0.000091040034,0.00011655063,0.0000139930535,0.00014365124,0.0001325205,0.00019908932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000027444519,0.00014810542,0.00013236579,0.00058285636,0.000024771452,0.00007405879,0.000011564878,0.000080969265,0.00021346212],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004872462,0.00011433995,0.0025767135,0.00043988627,0.0001223302,0.000017463452,0.001962321,0.3473128,0.087910764,0.5567633,0.0020358523,0.0006954959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027117147,0.00019791232,0.048198078,0.0004614319,0.00013487597,0.00005452973,0.0020932257,0.5460221,0.11265262,0.00064865034,0.2857637,0.0010611229],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034309188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003485406,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5561147,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045464105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044323806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6039564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318182950","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127569","title":"Thermo-economic optimization of an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) based on machine learning and differential evolution algorithms","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Cost of electricity by source; Geothermal gradient; Artificial neural network; Computer science; Differential evolution; Mathematical optimization; Process (computing); Process engineering; Algorithm; Electricity generation; Machine learning; Engineering; Geology; Power (physics); Mathematics","score_opus":0.007447630597637037,"score_gpt":0.21520318840570973,"score_spread":0.2077555578080727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318182950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93621945,0.00005014426,0.053491693,0.000049514907,0.0002560108,0.00023834362,0.000054812375,0.0004211315,0.009218872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984326,0.000006769496,0.00033197537,0.0000069700395,0.00014808025,0.00006441393,0.00015626528,0.00003740968,0.0008155377],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991694,0.00009401064,0.0002306839,0.0002393394,0.00010409195,0.00016248609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995571,0.000037083857,0.00013879726,0.00018606447,0.000025080515,0.000055890923],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011291445,0.00012765713,0.00017655936,0.000112675705,0.0001019933,0.000021858668,0.00008502071,0.000082609266,0.00020131511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000060064135,0.000117980744,0.000043806464,0.00011289534,0.000028539764,0.000064725675,0.000019774616,0.000071097355,0.000053178726],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002935416,0.000026428605,0.0001112091,0.00005998187,0.000014381316,5.2509944e-7,0.00007272905,0.98144776,0.008304024,0.0070911283,0.0000017326201,0.0028407192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005885746,0.0000829616,0.0047042817,0.000037805086,0.000011501291,0.000001185909,0.000119836805,0.99271095,0.0012124754,0.000025716607,0.00038488462,0.00011983437],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031361503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012584847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0622131,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060406757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001849728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4811115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318567070","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.01.082","title":"Design and assessment of a solar energy based integrated system with hydrogen production and storage for sustainable buildings","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Process engineering; Heat pump; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Exergy; Renewable energy; Thermal energy storage; Thermal energy; Energy carrier; Solar energy; Energy storage; Nuclear engineering; Heat exchanger; Automotive engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Thermodynamics; Fuel cells; Physics","score_opus":0.011950768881502967,"score_gpt":0.24691860328653262,"score_spread":0.23496783440502966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318567070","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6844192,0.0003616336,0.31373617,0.000629624,0.0001770766,0.00018581809,0.000013655726,0.000075079435,0.00040172556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945597,0.00006199762,0.0041919886,0.00004210437,0.00018575614,0.000095056515,0.000024934758,0.000042836928,0.0007956488],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984635,0.00010642055,0.0005378208,0.00024215181,0.00042653453,0.00022354277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980526,0.00011911348,0.00059630454,0.0001441398,0.000982519,0.00010535242],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006200953,0.00018467469,0.0003194368,0.0004575815,0.00009928658,0.000055265213,0.0002450829,0.000079699465,0.000007617655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044773555,0.0001468684,0.00008113064,0.0003034004,0.00007145645,0.00024066668,0.000046169727,0.00007824103,2.3178278e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002138707,0.0000882164,0.00013885344,0.00007013177,0.0005599613,0.00008278698,0.00007991938,0.80040056,0.04702244,0.14782879,0.00014347219,0.0033710285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002385807,0.00078220165,0.00021382418,0.00052216125,0.00017786284,0.0007219997,0.0014701152,0.67041194,0.21882163,0.0015170631,0.102546535,0.00042885964],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003101919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010533636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31014046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016871247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023393543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.598912},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319297000","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i4189","title":"Contribution of the Provençal Well for the Improvement of the Thermal Comfort in the Building in Turbulent Regime","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Concentric tube heat exchanger; Turbulence; Heat transfer; Convective heat transfer; Thermal; Context (archaeology); Heat transfer coefficient; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.007542949715013738,"score_gpt":0.230251480175277,"score_spread":0.22270853046026326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319297000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930352,0.00006512412,0.000015431408,0.006343472,0.000035370904,0.00017999875,0.000003258088,6.502385e-7,0.00032150943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997824,0.0000016967347,0.000009257695,0.00008468945,0.000076967895,0.0000304219,1.390686e-7,0.0000019062568,0.000012515411],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916255,0.00007371315,0.00025449018,0.000076720884,0.00031236862,0.00012014642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993733,0.00015943202,0.00032044153,0.00010368693,0.00002775106,0.000015392277],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066993927,0.000054759643,0.00012168764,0.000011385459,0.00018693945,0.000011806615,0.00057599123,0.000013194849,0.00000498849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031747266,0.000019664201,0.0001208576,0.0002625991,0.00028673827,0.00003577723,0.00008092831,0.00017409168,3.139197e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010006434,0.00065641897,0.0075240233,0.000021264232,0.000044101984,5.917736e-7,0.0038746712,0.03497966,0.72711915,0.20926607,0.000088916226,0.016325077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00382225,0.0015648197,0.1311038,0.00029553956,0.00016680142,0.00008116488,0.014799381,0.04998543,0.6710435,0.10571098,0.021027917,0.00039840603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030952945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000029735505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12357978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020586664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036421312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14378059},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319782148","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95940","title":"Design, Construction, and Thermodynamic Analysis of a Direct-Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump for Cold Climates","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Solar energy; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Physics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.015790135616706107,"score_gpt":0.2313557973134907,"score_spread":0.2155656616967846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319782148","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.946925,0.00016469634,0.04759543,0.00019390431,0.0000696526,0.00045763075,0.00011009105,0.00012037469,0.0043632155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964888,0.000014269944,0.002117604,0.000052666903,0.0000093542785,0.00045773733,0.000063781656,0.000016777927,0.0007789901],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914706,0.000090436115,0.0002706433,0.00022401336,0.000115872244,0.00015197486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940354,0.00018359398,0.00008735936,0.00021988107,0.00006830408,0.00003732156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022983507,0.000099028424,0.0002827537,0.00016871947,0.00027259125,0.000014959536,0.00008416343,0.000037158876,0.00033046908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000097473485,0.00008711831,0.00010747429,0.0005546641,0.000047149675,0.000036367877,0.000043626926,0.000040381856,7.8366315e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060106784,0.0001493398,0.0022448725,0.000030126082,0.0011973829,4.0421327e-7,0.00019765735,0.39068308,0.50239056,0.10016927,0.000053338237,0.0028238627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008619026,0.00017928788,0.008523811,0.000007772712,0.0010975284,0.00001082494,0.0016847356,0.9502664,0.023684395,0.0007178679,0.012644426,0.00032104424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049789185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006178124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5595833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037643455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023888662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75266683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319869913","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102674","title":"A comprehensive study on the performance of vertical ground-coupled heat pumps","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"ASHRAE 90.1; Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Refrigerant; Gas compressor; Air source heat pumps; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.03298807816382442,"score_gpt":0.25621430063112494,"score_spread":0.2232262224673005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319869913","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99640596,0.000012822382,0.000008329857,0.00044906032,0.0001046836,0.000316752,0.0000041192066,0.000116938405,0.00258134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998456,0.000012002086,0.000004134027,0.00027104947,0.00008994909,0.00014313264,0.000005998175,0.000034114535,0.0009835915],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989854,0.00006683521,0.00025767443,0.00020263581,0.00023979081,0.00024766786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911815,0.00019208102,0.000033268316,0.00054760225,0.00006628407,0.00004261],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012886997,0.00013986834,0.00019682934,0.00005397756,0.00015235569,0.000018262257,0.0002674074,0.000053884418,0.00013316909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012724804,0.000093586554,0.00006892239,0.00040223013,0.00007988966,0.00003162805,0.00005666661,0.000116023904,0.0005956121],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011773979,0.00063558435,0.004719345,0.00005463268,0.00022337754,0.000008996237,0.0029536365,0.87430185,0.043866638,0.07111651,0.00018358768,0.0018181184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011715941,0.0005914343,0.29820848,0.000057504047,0.000044494496,0.000008409779,0.0048183827,0.67599183,0.002884883,0.00039375148,0.015469872,0.00035937285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0060017095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000117830255,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29348913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022023274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019414545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90728295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319921267","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4353439","title":"Long-Term Energy Performance of Thermal Caisson Geothermal Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Caisson; Geothermal energy; Term (time); Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Energy (signal processing); Environmental science; Engineering; Geology; Civil engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.008896523406632353,"score_gpt":0.2205238978599247,"score_spread":0.21162737445329236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319921267","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99358547,0.0016119797,0.00033638004,0.00014537157,0.00032264524,0.00007767829,0.000003890209,0.00013059154,0.0037860237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98435575,0.0017824761,0.000005008479,0.000022493803,0.0006122086,0.000044563778,0.000017526823,0.00006862125,0.013091342],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99671376,0.000110016226,0.0005464756,0.00023835573,0.0003784817,0.0020128954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988967,0.000050348954,0.00034433385,0.00047623224,0.0001242715,0.000108101754],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089887885,0.0002302527,0.0003216945,0.00020929129,0.00024699394,0.000046973335,0.0006293822,0.00013610254,0.00008090652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016168842,0.00019445752,0.000165888,0.0004829194,0.000063870924,0.0001839169,0.0000718723,0.00061664334,0.00014165169],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011316634,0.00012990841,0.025598602,0.000083510015,0.0005253745,0.00001426239,0.00023632676,0.20746939,0.03131879,0.6798429,0.00008736633,0.054580394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013309294,0.0049631684,0.65832293,0.0016185493,0.0007424561,0.0073081893,0.006580262,0.13695076,0.030538347,0.030616185,0.10325038,0.005799506],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041638943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011222234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6492267,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028158838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057854335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7929747},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319998160","doi":"10.4095/331225","title":"Evaluation of geothermal resource potential of hot sedimentary aquifers in the Horn River Basin, northeast British Columbia, Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Borehole; Aquifer; Permeability (electromagnetism); Geothermal energy; Sedimentary rock; Structural basin; Hydrology (agriculture); Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Petrology; Groundwater; Paleontology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.028720916685823054,"score_gpt":0.2509023716633004,"score_spread":0.22218145497747738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319998160","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8661952,0.0003848536,0.000009186807,0.00019560126,0.0005907254,0.0009349737,0.0007820186,0.000039987117,0.13086748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98141694,0.000062717736,0.000015572607,0.00013844794,0.0003339135,0.00021989056,0.0006470862,0.00007772677,0.017087676],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99487466,0.0004391675,0.0009413228,0.00040560143,0.003025456,0.00031377617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978776,0.00008298439,0.0005776799,0.00062666315,0.00077547587,0.00005957525],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024583011,0.00019761456,0.0005291786,0.000082168735,0.00009730477,0.00004341091,0.0004464456,0.00023240912,0.0015168947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006466407,0.00023110042,0.00018099102,0.00042903828,0.0001316064,0.00004093106,0.00007089956,0.00024170757,0.0000052051414],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005030841,0.00066436536,0.024001295,0.0007437674,0.0017545744,0.00016648868,0.00075882865,0.38542214,0.00035674524,0.00020039524,0.4610078,0.12487329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013332724,0.00006756348,0.56258625,0.0005342431,0.00085776305,0.00014987898,0.002808004,0.0046705664,0.00004508735,0.00009996172,0.4262189,0.0006285389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9998296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99945086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53858495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044240037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0032336179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99939585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320015114","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4325806","title":"Performance Analysis of Phase Change Slurries for Closed-Loop Geothermal System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Geothermal gradient; Phase (matter); Loop (graph theory); Phase change; Closed loop; Business; Environmental science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Environmental engineering; Mathematics; Control engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.021256632893553055,"score_gpt":0.2694767573247193,"score_spread":0.24822012443116626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320015114","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99620336,0.0005089001,0.0014344227,0.00017909195,0.00012960761,0.00020357108,0.000036521124,0.00011595848,0.0011885448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99572855,0.00047443312,0.000021806121,0.000022031336,0.00039905563,0.00019875784,0.00005285498,0.000038380105,0.0030641246],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997676,0.000048792295,0.0004529238,0.00019480873,0.00022423266,0.001403208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916565,0.00005219993,0.00031294505,0.00026019124,0.00013746238,0.00007152447],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010361759,0.00016200599,0.00038478427,0.0004469416,0.00026077722,0.000024856668,0.0002833042,0.00008386485,0.000038838047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011952945,0.00013910996,0.00032178566,0.0012233432,0.000039257477,0.00014679454,0.000022534723,0.0003034039,0.000035917994],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016378646,0.00015488721,0.0018437805,0.00014519904,0.0038826829,0.0000019755396,0.00060906884,0.054216366,0.0047113826,0.8497275,0.00006112611,0.08448222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0068059145,0.0016362495,0.0118498765,0.00020368857,0.0037321022,0.00019308548,0.011921092,0.90047467,0.0027763962,0.004322679,0.05500341,0.0010808454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013377012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016933508,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8462583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025439373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027412042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.567274},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320894758","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2022-0518","title":"Numerical investigation on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of twin energy tunnels","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Settlement (finance); Displacement (psychology); Work (physics); Physics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.0289480376930117,"score_gpt":0.225824605079572,"score_spread":0.19687656738656029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320894758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89787585,0.00017357896,0.008089066,0.07934483,0.0012781643,0.00060514046,0.00011729539,0.0006260004,0.011890107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972081,0.00001796915,0.000033918426,0.0015969058,0.00032199238,0.000052843465,0.000013866827,0.000040117808,0.00071426266],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99824256,0.00018621105,0.00050326606,0.00022367219,0.00035778168,0.0004865182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99845505,0.00019003316,0.00017826846,0.00043119403,0.00010389158,0.0006415416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057249557,0.00017486914,0.00023205821,0.0002331408,0.0003245579,0.000054099342,0.00055659545,0.00023666635,0.00062602165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016145171,0.0001227328,0.00018963093,0.00075358216,0.00012087926,0.00005279496,0.00003132084,0.00049835397,0.00018234321],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000140533375,0.0000418607,0.0001637411,0.00000447887,0.000060724804,0.000083512,0.00008736148,0.18392321,0.0066691292,0.78309405,0.014339631,0.011518214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014415744,0.0007342519,0.041803792,0.00043500573,0.0001433631,0.00090169534,0.00078315206,0.20719214,0.02351029,0.1271551,0.59444207,0.0014575346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11596533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0057768584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.655939,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015726157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034571282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88992155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321482245","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2022-0321","title":"Influence of a rigid cap on thermo-mechanical behavior of nonsymmetrical thermally loaded energy pile group in clay","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Pile cap; Geotechnical engineering; Settlement (finance); Materials science; Amplitude; Thermal; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Composite material; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.014411853370078082,"score_gpt":0.23259098019462648,"score_spread":0.2181791268245484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321482245","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973242,0.000064553475,0.0001773067,0.0004913623,0.000078951656,0.00015037824,0.000046808782,0.000052419455,0.001614006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99915963,0.000039124203,0.000061630126,0.00031646702,0.000105797306,0.000087579465,0.000012223784,0.000044803244,0.0001727591],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975046,0.0001664958,0.00093407347,0.00030896036,0.00044180316,0.00064407196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982717,0.00019428259,0.00028701322,0.00048452767,0.0001361069,0.00062638737],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005403358,0.00022686929,0.00047176785,0.0009195864,0.0001073756,0.00002350349,0.0006921647,0.00039875493,0.00022275516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016181753,0.00020066512,0.0002193391,0.0016184272,0.0001477238,0.00008167108,0.00005836712,0.0006154356,0.00005098897],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008950897,0.00038958172,0.0006758178,0.00002144125,0.00006526501,0.0004367114,0.00007726075,0.63244575,0.15066244,0.194662,0.0006616296,0.019812586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008867587,0.0034712518,0.64305604,0.0017054701,0.0003098024,0.0012448247,0.000578382,0.062123064,0.07987776,0.017090006,0.17839229,0.0032835456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21930753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.039057713,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6423802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023876694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040157276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.978477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321492328","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu23-1318","title":"Standing Column Wells: A transformative opportunity to provide heating to buildings in dense urban areas.","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Heat exchanger; Aquifer; Heat pump; Column (typography); Civil engineering; Groundwater; Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.052298010920186995,"score_gpt":0.286551392637483,"score_spread":0.23425338171729604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321492328","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88926315,0.000034793546,0.02462715,0.0063468525,0.00044467344,0.0035989732,0.00023939394,0.0009950434,0.07444996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.978751,0.000010488859,0.0039169155,0.001282897,0.00018123417,0.0024272979,0.00008715769,0.00012197624,0.013221007],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972364,0.00012282745,0.0009130317,0.00075259444,0.00036592377,0.0006092521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822825,0.00014335566,0.00017007887,0.00062148174,0.00013704546,0.00069978216],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074114354,0.0004271392,0.00062660075,0.0004709636,0.00017063704,0.00018611364,0.0004894796,0.00029085416,0.00032176398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023601876,0.00043541985,0.00015696304,0.00068609416,0.000023811172,0.00010315985,0.0004140668,0.0005164583,0.00022663394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011224699,0.00020012235,0.0021554697,0.00061624,0.00018909006,0.00005365236,0.025175987,0.8571011,0.0020669368,0.08893447,0.011620818,0.011773896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002317765,0.00044760486,0.0090320865,0.00807951,0.00016393838,0.000031837677,0.030288279,0.052572418,0.009498079,0.012060272,0.8704564,0.0050517926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18293665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04617553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8588356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051967776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003205863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99980974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321500460","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu23-1781","title":"Heat accumulation in shallow aquifers: managing a growing resource","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Aquifer; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Groundwater; Resource (disambiguation); Waste heat; Heat flow; Groundwater flow; Thermal energy storage; Hydrology (agriculture); Earth science; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Geography; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics; Meteorology; Engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.07034369477512943,"score_gpt":0.3020091780681027,"score_spread":0.23166548329297326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321500460","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65615845,0.00028730324,0.006980557,0.008758241,0.0009050204,0.0010254625,0.000014805477,0.00211911,0.32375106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843334,0.000020057478,0.00054420496,0.0003146678,0.00032282292,0.000362672,0.00021006656,0.000098604854,0.013793528],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982462,0.00008273048,0.00049048534,0.000612976,0.00023146007,0.00033612663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990894,0.00008187022,0.000053312346,0.0006802475,0.000026625909,0.000068547815],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033045508,0.00026120828,0.00032309105,0.00031435944,0.00007700336,0.00011242122,0.0003533963,0.00029870434,0.00018804587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021864269,0.00026521762,0.00014002675,0.00030573268,0.000016879347,0.00010653449,0.0005100948,0.00038100829,0.0002803236],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004869342,0.000018335719,0.0007628128,0.000085947104,0.00002941246,0.000009486414,0.00026271754,0.9542461,0.0003581005,0.041643474,0.00021266183,0.0023660627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006765756,0.000012999936,0.022169245,0.0011188682,0.00004025963,0.0000049879377,0.0017418448,0.8255635,0.00030417612,0.02378126,0.12355177,0.0010344918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08380245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011648551,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32817495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014581054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003098362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321849674","doi":"10.1061/jwrmd5.wreng-5869","title":"The Impact of Ground Heat Capacity on Drinking Water Temperature","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Regional Development Fund; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación","keywords":"Work (physics); Environmental science; Groundwater; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.018356753588451225,"score_gpt":0.24780031947227454,"score_spread":0.2294435658838233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321849674","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962964,0.00008111114,0.0000055950272,0.00045372333,0.00007832776,0.00005786444,0.0000010008549,0.000017200102,0.0030087794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975757,0.000050176553,0.000015324027,0.000031644508,0.000146597,0.000007927256,0.0000034724296,0.000012790646,0.0021563882],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913865,0.000050617433,0.0002883113,0.00009289792,0.00020302736,0.00022647083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996596,0.000029736668,0.00007064173,0.00014739645,0.000040857536,0.0000517464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004721357,0.000109570436,0.00016190184,0.00012738032,0.00024325344,0.00010086033,0.00015723876,0.000037824597,0.000010347585],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000024796939,0.000043837936,0.00009596667,0.00008232296,0.0000359182,0.000047894326,0.000065347835,0.00012815358,0.000009686998],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020590053,0.000064380394,0.0026312945,0.00010144775,0.00087107415,0.000105919375,0.01682479,0.9382265,0.03387195,0.0019998052,0.0029700736,0.0021268388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019470502,0.0009291801,0.10699909,0.0009979489,0.0001565832,0.00018255545,0.0051531815,0.0029971162,0.02627337,0.002221211,0.85165256,0.0004901727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008118408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010045817,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9352294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023390625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000014516892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18709333},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322099388","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu23-17434","title":"The influence of local hydrogeological conditions on SCW operations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Impervious surface; Aquifer; Borehole; Groundwater; Environmental science; Advection; Thermal; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Ecology","score_opus":0.0271241913281241,"score_gpt":0.27769134469408074,"score_spread":0.25056715336595664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322099388","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9555487,0.00003618894,0.0024069226,0.0038290361,0.00024781932,0.00044764366,0.00012492202,0.0003615613,0.036997207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881565,0.000041138206,0.000092627095,0.00019901693,0.00008114313,0.00075784256,0.00012603236,0.000023585231,0.010522133],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99872464,0.0000866542,0.00045136796,0.000323395,0.00021404732,0.00019989768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863297,0.0002788819,0.000095369156,0.0007817806,0.00014558336,0.00006541708],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017608429,0.00017985972,0.00022370544,0.000054259188,0.000344311,0.00004849408,0.00047748,0.0002467676,0.00019130926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058838476,0.00011216009,0.00013304575,0.00015689778,0.00034975662,0.000021810854,0.0003030467,0.00033099717,0.0007012307],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000012741257,0.000022626238,0.00001660661,0.000004903858,0.000025303782,5.83727e-7,0.000012514262,0.5515615,0.00015891952,0.44784597,0.00026008475,0.00008973195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012416841,0.00041019652,0.1557528,0.00088323967,0.00024318194,0.000030055517,0.0022042391,0.33328295,0.009757937,0.24603924,0.2479446,0.0022098972],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019293915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0067423345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24768451,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032772565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009220044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9872367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4322208802","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu23-15458","title":"Numerical simulation of a sedimentation tank applied to an open loop Ground Heat Exchanger system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Sedimentation; Environmental science; Aquifer; Groundwater; Heat exchanger; Advection; Settling; Heat transfer; Groundwater flow; Sediment; Environmental engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.06466379303147379,"score_gpt":0.3239722718972318,"score_spread":0.25930847886575803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4322208802","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5287819,0.00005607297,0.31551787,0.001101484,0.0019772334,0.009155932,0.00021738363,0.002010359,0.14118175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913522,0.0000012545013,0.0016019351,0.00014031045,0.00031243445,0.0017448342,0.0005852909,0.00010170145,0.0041600373],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978955,0.00009905122,0.0006872901,0.0007103283,0.00035888053,0.00024896636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849117,0.0000795455,0.00021699832,0.0008914,0.0001477635,0.00017312224],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032459607,0.00029722136,0.0005549271,0.0001708073,0.00009518297,0.00016316795,0.00064529246,0.0002872652,0.00025049568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007683055,0.00028079073,0.000077031866,0.0003528497,0.00001728095,0.00010455458,0.0005925899,0.00014404999,0.0003749899],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037801874,0.00008111811,0.000017221415,0.0002255,0.00006890611,9.1249615e-7,0.00048488987,0.9457317,0.002922297,0.048997506,0.00012247646,0.0013096752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010130578,0.00017443312,0.0037747454,0.0004218723,0.00013402027,0.0000029285907,0.0026744348,0.9757435,0.002785797,0.0013955543,0.010867318,0.0010123717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09177784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001158501,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4625703,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020599451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060115904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999644},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323565247","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.040","title":"Modeling of solar-assisted ground-coupled heat pumps with or without batteries in remote high north communities","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cégep de Jonquière; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Environmental science; Context (archaeology); Fossil fuel; Electricity; Battery (electricity); Photovoltaic system; Gas compressor; Solar energy; Automotive engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Power (physics); Waste management; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.028199129091678467,"score_gpt":0.23253312042840665,"score_spread":0.2043339913367282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4323565247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98664653,0.0000663297,0.009916074,0.0001333174,0.00008697889,0.000096753,0.00001443345,0.00025886417,0.0027807115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909578,0.00017765796,0.00075737434,0.00009710808,0.00009174159,0.00009917354,0.0002533227,0.00008912673,0.0074766804],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982469,0.00012708244,0.00056016486,0.00028648542,0.00030478113,0.00047457186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882525,0.000096161595,0.00010879881,0.0007515583,0.00012600598,0.000092237395],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001747119,0.00029397025,0.0005785851,0.00029702033,0.0002062478,0.000054678156,0.0003609707,0.00013022282,0.0001158968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009954135,0.00022980706,0.00006881245,0.0011043336,0.00010257075,0.0001828305,0.00011455202,0.00011342561,0.000010032457],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015805595,0.000052927466,0.0011830815,0.00006129361,0.00006361689,0.000010852633,0.00040978784,0.9940592,0.002090308,0.0013420337,0.000010257973,0.0005585991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096121454,0.00010282525,0.0017598554,0.00021650651,0.000023362421,0.000019279933,0.00167797,0.9912298,0.0011812289,0.0003480716,0.0021576327,0.00032229428],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9426627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.749571,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19309168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007131796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000116408955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.937126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4328121501","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2023-462","title":"Thermodynamic and hydrological drivers of the subsurface thermal regime in Central Spain","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Bedrock; Geology; Thermal; Geomorphology; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Hydrology (agriculture); Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.017859786641886238,"score_gpt":0.22233265678310563,"score_spread":0.2044728701412194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4328121501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822421,0.00006394085,0.00006596198,0.0012389584,0.00016922454,0.00030308307,0.000016101692,0.000091118345,0.01580948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952947,0.000042895204,0.000073249634,0.000059836995,0.00004175271,0.000058562142,0.0000123268555,0.000033108015,0.004383591],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856645,0.00019716374,0.00034277514,0.00040863236,0.00017814775,0.0003068039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990493,0.00009014399,0.00017666191,0.000610596,0.000020309457,0.000052967735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024660619,0.0002201055,0.00032774848,0.000050942144,0.000046416848,0.000018464621,0.00046049771,0.0003423661,0.00013121306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018851502,0.00013897073,0.00013654343,0.00015319926,0.00016889448,0.000018838551,0.0005522173,0.00038922965,0.000015933521],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018669956,0.000078332814,0.026738986,0.00007302194,0.00008419216,0.0000062323134,0.0006749881,0.8402897,0.009235355,0.12165135,0.000041391784,0.00110777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044484198,0.000018270814,0.83268857,0.00013916269,0.000028934968,0.0000032628377,0.0002814955,0.15708248,0.00049201166,0.0070587588,0.001408086,0.00035412973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.031667735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0072213407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80594957,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004856792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004976238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9747805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361228682","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2023.127373","title":"A new semi-analytical solution addressing varying heat transfer rates for U-shaped vertical borehole heat exchangers in multilayered ground","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Thermal; NTU method; Mechanics; Geothermal energy; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Materials science; Heat transfer coefficient; Thermodynamics; Micro heat exchanger; Geophysics; Physics","score_opus":0.06437975980303348,"score_gpt":0.30805094831075736,"score_spread":0.24367118850772387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4361228682","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8375623,0.00085718086,0.14845279,0.0050383396,0.00069732906,0.00059617136,0.000043427593,0.0008920511,0.005860394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99604213,0.000028224431,0.00031204827,0.00029116872,0.00045959218,0.0003226613,0.00013925954,0.00007491004,0.0023299914],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980523,0.00008595022,0.00045923368,0.0004985062,0.0002335669,0.00067042705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919856,0.00022289743,0.000009562287,0.0002997453,0.000044375338,0.00022483723],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020223028,0.00025662544,0.000370322,0.00022229816,0.00020170257,0.00007871475,0.00018550892,0.00021613012,0.0001931192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004200853,0.00024849278,0.00018716407,0.0006596493,0.000046462228,0.00016228615,0.00003937684,0.00012147766,0.000044957684],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031664578,0.0002061417,0.00021062994,0.00009696659,0.00018286912,0.000034347315,0.0011694334,0.58155215,0.30144686,0.0988706,0.0028827025,0.013030646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019151197,0.000054377913,0.0014642957,0.000105070016,0.00004435789,0.0000067252413,0.00014534782,0.9392593,0.010354333,0.00070992636,0.045561213,0.00037996328],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039222367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0051875333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3577071,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012755871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007750415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999967},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362651527","doi":"10.23977/jeeem.2023.060107","title":"Ground Source Heat Pump Technology and Its Application Prospect","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Electrotechnology Electrical Engineering and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.003858142062582362,"score_gpt":0.19194545104051017,"score_spread":0.1880873089779278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362651527","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9554966,0.0033192786,0.03377106,0.0056591765,0.00006819356,0.00047804537,4.7640984e-7,0.00078136276,0.00042580446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972194,0.0016518155,0.00032521028,0.000036045825,0.00006146197,0.00012436324,0.0000010670524,0.000028588362,0.0005520351],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989354,0.000010514222,0.00032942364,0.00021876808,0.00013176251,0.00037410288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995978,0.00002865032,0.00009528948,0.00015960884,0.0000522459,0.00006644517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000213295,0.00015723468,0.0002637795,0.0011294932,0.000092762515,0.00001995849,0.00018575806,0.00017420629,0.0000020972088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034951856,0.00014225733,0.000041030165,0.0016825907,0.000030550164,0.00005768674,0.00007780771,0.00036782684,0.000011020368],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018021909,0.000046740173,0.000041276082,0.000076435266,0.00019870108,0.000032139156,0.000014638234,0.03012835,0.096283615,0.81997466,0.0000743107,0.0531111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002062318,0.0012882221,0.002565045,0.00011423626,0.00022217594,0.0017345207,0.00009529884,0.49025306,0.03864004,0.022040453,0.4402351,0.00074952864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000022984968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000026408898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79793423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059763574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008263906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5801086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366245891","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113084","title":"Grid-friendly ground source heat pump configurations to reduce the peak power demand of conventional electric-based heating systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development","keywords":"Heat pump; Electric heating; Environmental science; Grid; Power grid; Nuclear engineering; Automotive engineering; Power demand; Power (physics); Electric power; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Power consumption; Thermodynamics; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.010334492656671385,"score_gpt":0.2340012865110011,"score_spread":0.22366679385432972,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366245891","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98251295,0.00046699407,0.009740085,0.0017925219,0.0003099075,0.00018527349,0.000017344299,0.00016649454,0.004808415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961218,0.000018406618,0.0000672246,0.00024760136,0.00023014426,0.00021142057,0.000048585793,0.000030197838,0.0030245853],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986158,0.000094929754,0.00040435494,0.00031536882,0.0002580123,0.00031150875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913394,0.00023494658,0.000113610055,0.0002756294,0.00012776795,0.00011409299],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036034017,0.0001776252,0.00023195002,0.00015031622,0.0004737311,0.00010956082,0.00020006328,0.000093573166,0.00006870976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049206494,0.00013760959,0.00008945263,0.00072002754,0.00006985458,0.000097271084,0.000042692915,0.00008311619,0.000015492282],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024000154,0.000038186514,0.000068516965,0.000026317663,0.00006038469,0.0000015452753,0.00020319234,0.41334084,0.12733373,0.4565838,0.0017527157,0.0005667846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010693956,0.00025314224,0.004142085,0.00030727754,0.00006978807,0.000055992306,0.0014835172,0.08492727,0.03633059,0.00087347266,0.86992186,0.0005655826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013903382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023802936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8681692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028264054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053971842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99266315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366446357","doi":"10.32920/22661605","title":"Performance Characterization of Novel Caisson-Based Thermal Storage for Ground Source Heat Pumps","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Thermal energy storage; Engineering; Caisson; Renewable heat; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Primary energy; Heat pump; Process engineering; Civil engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03870303481820386,"score_gpt":0.24683684889051186,"score_spread":0.208133814072308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366446357","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92155737,0.000007666995,0.0752069,0.0004333168,0.0004203667,0.00066582015,0.00022478894,0.00028437233,0.0011993728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98236686,0.0000068444165,0.0010149344,0.000109410386,0.0003789384,0.0010022396,0.0015097243,0.0001239806,0.013487049],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984533,0.000026520365,0.000533197,0.00047067413,0.0002261748,0.00029013513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844456,0.00009775964,0.00027862194,0.0009152732,0.00019337589,0.00007040724],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023495896,0.00030333674,0.00041981981,0.00013242727,0.00012409127,0.000050600098,0.0004909229,0.00032685715,0.00011338928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024406527,0.0002792235,0.0002048044,0.0001471617,0.000048146467,0.000065220775,0.00019727828,0.00017787547,0.000030967985],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023346867,0.00011854769,0.00025233085,0.00047690686,0.00005803343,1.2821405e-7,0.00013177347,0.8081388,0.18725885,0.002034333,0.00001450649,0.0014924211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074007205,0.000049922837,0.03297239,0.00021714295,0.00005083411,7.136627e-7,0.00003989247,0.9277077,0.017180493,0.000025704883,0.020576235,0.00043893923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016364196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002839416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17007837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068671485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000116542185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366446373","doi":"10.32920/22661548.v1","title":"The Influence of Geometry on the Performance of a Helical Steel Pile as a Geo-Exchange System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Pile; Heat exchanger; Ton; Laminar flow; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Casing; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.023403136929320008,"score_gpt":0.24488197324402444,"score_spread":0.22147883631470444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366446373","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752639,0.00014658736,0.000014433247,0.00058573065,0.00018710007,0.00052158936,0.000046886817,0.00013050156,0.023103287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854309,0.00017750946,0.000018356703,0.000090119225,0.00014245532,0.0008919462,0.000011470221,0.00004526955,0.013191966],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980174,0.00012990569,0.0006903016,0.00036336412,0.0005076598,0.00029137204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99714285,0.00055276015,0.0005070682,0.0015189702,0.00021979575,0.000058533013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007248818,0.00025959118,0.000416089,0.000099831785,0.00019382675,0.000036639307,0.0010169544,0.0002552624,0.000081014645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000076669356,0.00013516309,0.00019785958,0.00037418917,0.00017061637,0.000025030635,0.0006244697,0.0004052295,0.00036771302],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004228249,0.000069317124,0.00036378513,0.0012482161,0.00019201903,0.0000011614916,0.00027590344,0.4848344,0.0012662797,0.5100594,0.0005805171,0.0010666796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020036125,0.001560005,0.303814,0.013109027,0.0004709414,0.00007565918,0.010615526,0.22083376,0.040558554,0.0033426813,0.4006196,0.002996627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02273603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006203719,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5067167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060584443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009714032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9837717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366447872","doi":"10.32920/22661530.v1","title":"Numerical and Analytical Study of a Geo-exchange Borehole Using Conventional Grout and Bentonite-Based Backfilling Material","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Borehole; Grout; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Bentonite; Finite element method; Slurry; Geotechnical engineering; Heat transfer; Geology; Mechanics; Materials science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.06771704563200698,"score_gpt":0.30105866564822503,"score_spread":0.23334162001621805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366447872","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99594,0.00004397322,0.0025933778,0.00009022589,0.00020433257,0.00038826765,0.00009470381,0.00008400158,0.0005610851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99811935,0.0000066156153,0.0008639064,0.000026194559,0.00022084953,0.000102156875,0.00016080182,0.000047597186,0.00045254306],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838173,0.00009943991,0.00051274424,0.0005218765,0.00026803225,0.00021618516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992177,0.00007139144,0.0001956207,0.0003115817,0.00008521127,0.00011849784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022073308,0.00024651492,0.00048233266,0.0001557336,0.000093104005,0.0000901749,0.00012478365,0.0002028147,0.00040514453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001238105,0.00022585745,0.00008014716,0.0001325412,0.000083004255,0.00003056694,0.00030825095,0.0001642873,0.0000060116045],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035860468,0.0027013475,0.047247805,0.0021745802,0.0015535725,0.000058466114,0.0013876174,0.8705532,0.004002168,0.0673244,0.00022685317,0.0024113937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021186299,0.00021162389,0.0588112,0.00025344134,0.00032722624,0.0000094312045,0.0008693847,0.9337502,0.0003976664,0.0011018099,0.0015054805,0.00064390263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04578848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005786753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06622259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003182189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004643963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9605657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366450284","doi":"10.32920/22661548","title":"The Influence of Geometry on the Performance of a Helical Steel Pile as a Geo-Exchange System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Pile; Heat exchanger; Ton; Laminar flow; Mechanical engineering; Casing; Engineering; Heat transfer; Structural engineering; Mechanics; Physics","score_opus":0.023403136929320008,"score_gpt":0.24488197324402444,"score_spread":0.22147883631470444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366450284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752639,0.00014658736,0.000014433247,0.00058573065,0.00018710007,0.00052158936,0.000046886817,0.00013050156,0.023103287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854309,0.00017750946,0.000018356703,0.000090119225,0.00014245532,0.0008919462,0.000011470221,0.00004526955,0.013191966],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980174,0.00012990569,0.0006903016,0.00036336412,0.0005076598,0.00029137204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99714285,0.00055276015,0.0005070682,0.0015189702,0.00021979575,0.000058533013],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007248818,0.00025959118,0.000416089,0.000099831785,0.00019382675,0.000036639307,0.0010169544,0.0002552624,0.000081014645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000076669356,0.00013516309,0.00019785958,0.00037418917,0.00017061637,0.000025030635,0.0006244697,0.0004052295,0.00036771302],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004228249,0.000069317124,0.00036378513,0.0012482161,0.00019201903,0.0000011614916,0.00027590344,0.4848344,0.0012662797,0.5100594,0.0005805171,0.0010666796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020036125,0.001560005,0.303814,0.013109027,0.0004709414,0.00007565918,0.010615526,0.22083376,0.040558554,0.0033426813,0.4006196,0.002996627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02273603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006203719,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5067167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060584443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009714032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9837717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366450556","doi":"10.32920/22661530","title":"Numerical and Analytical Study of a Geo-exchange Borehole Using Conventional Grout and Bentonite-Based Backfilling Material","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Grout; Heat pump; Bentonite; Finite element method; Slurry; Geotechnical engineering; Heat transfer; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Mechanics; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Environmental engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.06771704563200698,"score_gpt":0.30105866564822503,"score_spread":0.23334162001621805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366450556","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99594,0.00004397322,0.0025933778,0.00009022589,0.00020433257,0.00038826765,0.00009470381,0.00008400158,0.0005610851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99811935,0.0000066156153,0.0008639064,0.000026194559,0.00022084953,0.000102156875,0.00016080182,0.000047597186,0.00045254306],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838173,0.00009943991,0.00051274424,0.0005218765,0.00026803225,0.00021618516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992177,0.00007139144,0.0001956207,0.0003115817,0.00008521127,0.00011849784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022073308,0.00024651492,0.00048233266,0.0001557336,0.000093104005,0.0000901749,0.00012478365,0.0002028147,0.00040514453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001238105,0.00022585745,0.00008014716,0.0001325412,0.000083004255,0.00003056694,0.00030825095,0.0001642873,0.0000060116045],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035860468,0.0027013475,0.047247805,0.0021745802,0.0015535725,0.000058466114,0.0013876174,0.8705532,0.004002168,0.0673244,0.00022685317,0.0024113937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021186299,0.00021162389,0.0588112,0.00025344134,0.00032722624,0.0000094312045,0.0008693847,0.9337502,0.0003976664,0.0011018099,0.0015054805,0.00064390263],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04578848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005786753,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06622259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003182189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004643963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9605657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366451546","doi":"10.32920/22661605.v1","title":"Performance Characterization of Novel Caisson-Based Thermal Storage for Ground Source Heat Pumps","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Thermal energy storage; Engineering; Renewable heat; Caisson; Primary energy; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Waste heat; Process engineering; Civil engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03870303481820386,"score_gpt":0.24683684889051186,"score_spread":0.208133814072308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366451546","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92155737,0.000007666995,0.0752069,0.0004333168,0.0004203667,0.00066582015,0.00022478894,0.00028437233,0.0011993728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98236686,0.0000068444165,0.0010149344,0.000109410386,0.0003789384,0.0010022396,0.0015097243,0.0001239806,0.013487049],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984533,0.000026520365,0.000533197,0.00047067413,0.0002261748,0.00029013513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844456,0.00009775964,0.00027862194,0.0009152732,0.00019337589,0.00007040724],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023495896,0.00030333674,0.00041981981,0.00013242727,0.00012409127,0.000050600098,0.0004909229,0.00032685715,0.00011338928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024406527,0.0002792235,0.0002048044,0.0001471617,0.000048146467,0.000065220775,0.00019727828,0.00017787547,0.000030967985],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023346867,0.00011854769,0.00025233085,0.00047690686,0.00005803343,1.2821405e-7,0.00013177347,0.8081388,0.18725885,0.002034333,0.00001450649,0.0014924211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074007205,0.000049922837,0.03297239,0.00021714295,0.00005083411,7.136627e-7,0.00003989247,0.9277077,0.017180493,0.000025704883,0.020576235,0.00043893923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016364196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002839416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17007837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068671485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000116542185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366608312","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102722","title":"A spectral method aimed at explaining the role of the heat transfer rate when the Infinite Line Source model is applied to Thermal Response Test analyses","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Line source; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; Dimensionless quantity; Mechanics; Mathematics; Geology; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geophysics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.03637582487908421,"score_gpt":0.28563144957237263,"score_spread":0.24925562469328844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366608312","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848372,0.00006912785,0.0055118706,0.0056521855,0.00004401671,0.00057319045,0.00011921094,0.00013709332,0.0030561236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98829484,0.0000049346386,0.0002885089,0.002773425,0.0001355832,0.0004463024,0.0000086570335,0.00009433006,0.007953393],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978275,0.00049242977,0.00048205652,0.00036477245,0.00035395633,0.0004793403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99763435,0.0010336147,0.00007627873,0.0011155056,0.000060901497,0.00007937097],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001478234,0.00028218384,0.00032174043,0.000094824,0.00071460544,0.000047810972,0.00091617083,0.000095992305,0.00012620768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056898087,0.0001493274,0.00025587063,0.0008555687,0.00012354001,0.00003222383,0.00024465352,0.00026615057,0.00009259517],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019606134,0.000021821586,0.000044937613,0.0000029090568,0.00006100503,3.10305e-7,0.0077229124,0.64019805,0.34784794,0.00256029,0.0001007799,0.001242975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000523437,0.00005033213,0.0015515028,0.000021367134,0.00010445781,0.000008724618,0.00288521,0.81641567,0.12702782,0.0017321005,0.049386285,0.0002930856],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027851614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065414223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22082013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057130128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008622235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6089395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366977992","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113108","title":"Thermal behavior and performance of shallow-deep-mixed borehole heat exchanger array for sustainable building cooling and heating","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Heat transfer; Cooling load; Geothermal gradient; Renewable energy; Renewable heat; Environmental science; Passive cooling; Heat pump; Engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Hybrid heat; Air conditioning; Electrical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.011659204291945243,"score_gpt":0.23286282327413468,"score_spread":0.22120361898218943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366977992","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99743843,0.0007991241,0.00076275924,0.00010270836,0.000047804708,0.00014393238,0.0000044707544,0.00009395453,0.0006068364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996166,0.0002086056,0.001431949,0.00006038344,0.00015911182,0.00029463143,0.000016525144,0.000043281594,0.0016195033],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988236,0.000022612434,0.0002751867,0.0003463475,0.00011243949,0.00041981597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946445,0.00010909279,0.000084432555,0.00015309648,0.00008655521,0.00010237795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031237517,0.00019297338,0.0002764327,0.00013824188,0.00041840508,0.00006380761,0.00009048149,0.00011651681,0.000012408492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023735127,0.00017783593,0.000044678833,0.00024864855,0.000100999765,0.00021858043,0.00009336425,0.00006510738,3.459747e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019504415,0.0000889681,0.014719202,0.00077828654,0.00011024808,0.00001198437,0.0017845026,0.038364105,0.6155368,0.27913752,0.00011348211,0.04915983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005730469,0.0012145862,0.10526815,0.0008930954,0.0003836584,0.00011676284,0.008405447,0.19263417,0.46066964,0.002681203,0.21957606,0.0024267572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035094768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011728457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27645633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015747226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013717869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72519386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367186122","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102729","title":"Numerical investigation of using a field of shallow boreholes with latent heat storage and solar injection in cold climates","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Latent heat; Environmental science; Thermal; Heat transfer; Phase-change material; Solar still; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Mechanics; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.019396460201095596,"score_gpt":0.23840548089803493,"score_spread":0.21900902069693934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367186122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991764,0.000041765525,0.0003800984,0.000117193325,0.00001868322,0.00009520592,0.0000051524735,0.000029891155,0.00013564507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995293,0.000018314162,0.0003042359,0.000040307183,0.0000172033,0.000015639907,0.000007225472,0.000016838265,0.000050905037],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994604,0.00003057242,0.00018694732,0.000122056976,0.00008840926,0.000111594374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970025,0.000043605225,0.000077929704,0.00011960308,0.000031174128,0.000027466524],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010888205,0.00007519686,0.00015419375,0.000093978866,0.00002899121,0.000006973224,0.000044777702,0.00006586837,0.000008335048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008325749,0.00006587804,0.000019651023,0.0003378487,0.000043544027,0.000052671017,0.000015905542,0.00005292296,0.0000013809562],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028758159,0.000026218302,0.13460964,0.00010312276,0.000019476298,0.0000020951506,0.0007771569,0.75844437,0.10016648,0.0052812863,0.000008211875,0.000533195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011677819,0.00035296424,0.18387266,0.00046225457,0.0000389897,0.000021530606,0.0009923667,0.7327801,0.07808149,0.0011850193,0.000678009,0.00036683684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01306864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009848436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.049263015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017455357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021415297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99350345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367300970","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2023.107503","title":"Reduced order 1 + 3D numerical model for evaluating the performance of solar borehole thermal energy storage systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Borehole; Solar energy; Thermal; Energy storage; Energy engineering; Energy (signal processing); Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Nuclear engineering; Renewable energy; Meteorology; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.03630281902082768,"score_gpt":0.2840948976186858,"score_spread":0.2477920785978581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367300970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9128728,0.0010470526,0.08276849,0.00034594376,0.0009269888,0.00015432769,0.000032572447,0.00007958659,0.0017722329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99129707,0.000090744914,0.0010629564,0.0001221203,0.00077452103,0.00014167254,0.000021400385,0.00009531663,0.006394181],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970952,0.00024696274,0.0011577699,0.0002750119,0.00073044637,0.00049456785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99708194,0.00028551192,0.0011970273,0.00056263385,0.00072022015,0.000152657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013252051,0.00030194854,0.0006143621,0.00023017902,0.0003285203,0.00005512998,0.00067436433,0.00017997042,0.000035437057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000114808856,0.00020810401,0.00031152007,0.00073361024,0.000088231725,0.00025836958,0.000089333225,0.00023430694,0.000005108027],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001253243,0.00007883938,0.000017952307,0.00004268517,0.00015886143,0.0000050500103,0.0002832164,0.93747675,0.040381677,0.016576204,0.0008560145,0.0039974432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007415329,0.0003862451,0.00025555544,0.00009922252,0.000081953236,0.000040232022,0.0001989071,0.97230923,0.001978376,0.000095327516,0.023580005,0.00023339197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012154799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000035701985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08170553,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010974936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003007441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8486235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4375947647","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113152","title":"Long-term energy performance of thermal caisson geothermal systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Heating system; Coefficient of performance; Geothermal gradient; Heat pump; Geothermal energy; Greenhouse gas; Engineering; Phase-change material; Efficient energy use; Capital cost; Environmental science; Heat exchanger; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Phase change; Engineering physics","score_opus":0.010657893186768463,"score_gpt":0.2161868937417669,"score_spread":0.20552900055499843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4375947647","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99172413,0.0007488486,0.00015774522,0.000110123954,0.0002667598,0.000044611093,0.000008543339,0.00023078457,0.006708445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98812664,0.00041649208,0.000034885805,0.00008124141,0.0003312936,0.00010349542,0.00004096311,0.00005743895,0.010807581],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984529,0.00005597453,0.00041959787,0.00037666087,0.00025260882,0.00044224842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902767,0.00007980214,0.00020324289,0.0004855849,0.00007568201,0.00012799069],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019842456,0.00025513384,0.0003462011,0.00018663685,0.00020769726,0.000047292033,0.0003595547,0.00017945706,0.00010203935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012375003,0.00022211124,0.00009158369,0.00046783956,0.0001253193,0.00017560754,0.00015093209,0.00007373689,0.000019564715],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010628339,0.00011855622,0.02675273,0.000256276,0.00022259084,0.000026839183,0.00038405973,0.1424408,0.15059239,0.6122048,0.00070592604,0.066188745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002831237,0.0005863217,0.26559317,0.0008297904,0.00016130424,0.00019578046,0.00031871698,0.07170993,0.13445698,0.00063348835,0.5205703,0.0021129993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012545264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021608725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6115713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021436103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002640128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9940303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376273273","doi":"10.1016/j.geoen.2023.211913","title":"Hybrid geothermal energy and hydrocarbon resources production by repurposing horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs in Horn River Basin, British Columbia, Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoenergy Science and Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Natural gas; Oil shale; Geology; Fossil fuel; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Waste management; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0036983257116335122,"score_gpt":0.15939497710582753,"score_spread":0.15569665139419403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376273273","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981982,0.0005040047,0.000008416997,0.00023753988,0.00019169865,0.0000719792,0.000008412239,0.000082697064,0.0006970673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99795526,0.0003480725,0.000036151378,0.000065827786,0.00009095473,0.00006797518,0.000012319343,0.000029324126,0.001394133],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981105,0.00002452122,0.00029253407,0.00060375256,0.00036931672,0.00059943006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950546,0.00002933212,0.000052746713,0.00022112759,0.000041316718,0.00015004266],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038657745,0.00014572253,0.00021648289,0.00019535841,0.00022946543,0.00022705368,0.00019590321,0.000054676602,0.000007950278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006465177,0.00021151407,0.000017234042,0.0010757262,0.00016139261,0.0003338294,0.0001111892,0.00010958355,6.2960584e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016424636,0.000055326374,0.02119064,0.0000872175,0.00002135161,0.00023969995,0.00063087925,0.8762479,0.06309868,0.0010153089,0.0038338064,0.033562806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008422514,0.00009505844,0.22918905,0.0004898738,0.00001147617,0.0003094575,0.0007636792,0.38340092,0.0057916553,0.00024927265,0.37776572,0.0010915822],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9855443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9336606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49284694,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018477764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010972214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8625293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376566181","doi":"10.2118/213041-ms","title":"Numerical Investigation of Energy Production from an Enhanced Geothermal System Associated with CO2 Geological Sequestration","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Western Regional Meeting","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Carbon sequestration; Geothermal energy; Renewable energy; Greenhouse gas; Electricity generation; Electricity; Enhanced oil recovery; Geothermal heating; Fossil fuel; Water injection (oil production); Environmental engineering; Waste management; Carbon dioxide; Geology; Engineering; Power (physics); Chemistry","score_opus":0.029328753180538698,"score_gpt":0.24243043332976677,"score_spread":0.21310168014922806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376566181","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967261,0.000013673261,0.001009417,0.00053787726,0.00010642198,0.00012600738,0.000008554231,0.0004188185,0.0010531589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980502,0.000003831574,0.00022734648,0.00006275219,0.0004058485,0.00010777863,0.0005634829,0.000039998766,0.00053876307],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817824,0.00026923502,0.0004454535,0.00044796205,0.00039949064,0.00025961475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890333,0.00011137879,0.00043343517,0.0002678654,0.00018317309,0.000100797064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002766465,0.00019169967,0.0002756665,0.00008646601,0.00014120893,0.000030374229,0.00015402836,0.00015845081,0.000015666406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004632041,0.0001620224,0.000051891635,0.00046113203,0.00011052548,0.00019548993,0.000021643173,0.000098749624,0.000028877117],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014145712,0.00010921358,0.052248076,0.00008155739,0.00017137872,0.000014894355,0.0009218399,0.70524085,0.2046262,0.035364095,0.000052464882,0.0010279911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016632095,0.00067147816,0.7355426,0.0020658376,0.00013768121,0.00004774229,0.0020992092,0.097869836,0.15369336,0.0034251227,0.0015600398,0.0012238553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010235637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011866331,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68329453,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008411662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057347093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963553},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377834348","doi":"10.1615/tfec2023.rfs.045922","title":"LONG-TERM THERMAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A HORIZONTAL FOUNDATION HEAT EXCHANGER FOR SPACE HEATING AND COOLING IN EXTREMELY COLD CLIMATES","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Term (time); Foundation (evidence); Thermal; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Physics; Geography","score_opus":0.02896928582899392,"score_gpt":0.26906273995708646,"score_spread":0.24009345412809255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377834348","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997745,0.000055526423,0.00073342695,0.00006613501,0.000027895452,0.00019886065,0.000006880082,0.000059258065,0.0011070424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99880105,0.000046357425,0.0002546198,0.000014915449,0.0000458252,0.00018379188,0.00008527484,0.00001715236,0.0005510029],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919254,0.000018926596,0.00026883144,0.0001970447,0.00009320496,0.00022948523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996156,0.000101446734,0.000064653446,0.00013909122,0.000047292695,0.000031917498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002511789,0.000101493664,0.00023641932,0.00026667147,0.000089496505,0.000026686921,0.000060459,0.000051675812,0.00006939219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009961567,0.00009120996,0.00006427046,0.00078081584,0.00002472221,0.00011728567,0.00003118462,0.00003588892,0.000007812957],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010683166,0.00008460782,0.54704785,0.00028112327,0.00039037818,0.0000013682089,0.0013507248,0.2144884,0.19183417,0.031295523,0.000008389949,0.013110646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043813323,0.00005545939,0.4684808,0.00005069165,0.00010465294,6.732819e-7,0.0003992899,0.5223224,0.00785399,0.0000120563,0.00013747063,0.00014436459],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0052839764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00801433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30783403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028477085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011184316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7987827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377834492","doi":"10.1615/tfec2023.ens.046078","title":"DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALISYS OF SLINKYTM TYPE FOUNDATION HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR SPACE HEATING AND COOLING IN A COLD CLIMATE","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Foundation (evidence); Space (punctuation); Cold climate; Environmental science; Meteorology; Computer science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Geography","score_opus":0.038965465380055825,"score_gpt":0.26880150549061893,"score_spread":0.2298360401105631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377834492","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948537,0.000058812246,0.0040267953,0.00011749206,0.000029585975,0.00025346634,0.0000014914714,0.00004442516,0.0006142811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99639916,0.00017467706,0.0029556358,0.00002717374,0.000024707037,0.00008359862,0.000011759634,0.000012881904,0.0003104065],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994929,0.000021006896,0.0001626206,0.00012928258,0.000048092712,0.00014613515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997103,0.00010950171,0.000037292273,0.00007619891,0.000040017352,0.0000266688],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033456404,0.000063795895,0.00011987965,0.00008195469,0.00007437883,0.000017355287,0.000027428217,0.000038295715,0.000010532001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013600058,0.00005915731,0.000009660884,0.00027406463,0.000018733144,0.000070722956,0.000018695066,0.000023962088,0.0000035154355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020406621,0.000036046284,0.017416114,0.0007920018,0.000038651233,9.433569e-7,0.0019397069,0.7539678,0.11510182,0.09962308,0.000106012136,0.010773764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050071784,0.0001010899,0.006501148,0.00009337793,0.00000818829,0.0000016494135,0.00042744778,0.9818349,0.008466974,0.000102704806,0.0018519362,0.00010986689],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023646322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004075388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2278671,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012042296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000101836495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35746324},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378377264","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2023.2217729","title":"Multi-deconvolution in non-stationary conditions applied to experimental thermal response test analysis to obtain short-term transfer functions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Term (time); Deconvolution; Transfer function; Thermal; Environmental science; Computer science; Applied mathematics; Mechanics; Mathematics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Algorithm; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01642346460947034,"score_gpt":0.2660704388053406,"score_spread":0.24964697419587026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4378377264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98804957,0.000021277785,0.007460032,0.0034890464,0.000032468586,0.000737067,0.00006243255,0.000085420004,0.00006268474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99541974,0.000005370905,0.00039471933,0.00012178409,0.000011863491,0.0033480702,0.000021158236,0.000011435461,0.00066586427],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988817,0.000012399868,0.00020255482,0.00041606638,0.00017498096,0.00031228617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938256,0.00012241951,0.000016659233,0.00038387525,0.000016938848,0.000077576195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000527346,0.00011841537,0.00013003885,0.0007818315,0.0005864422,0.000022414022,0.0002953733,0.00007241012,0.00004363932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029515535,0.00009621796,0.000040624447,0.002090023,0.00039674278,0.00006192081,0.00009706553,0.00006743885,0.00011861735],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031319323,0.000113421025,0.0022644487,0.0000011163866,0.00003441826,8.1245815e-7,0.00042948656,0.14322765,0.8483493,0.0031160282,0.000023921959,0.0024081243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066395866,0.00024196062,0.8830479,0.000007746844,0.00010165048,0.0000037784973,0.006732799,0.03837171,0.061700266,0.0002153645,0.0085769305,0.0003359583],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015313814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002569928,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88078344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013718402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002823216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45104986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379523344","doi":"10.2118/213122-ms","title":"Investigation of Carbonate Rock Thermal Conductivity as a Function of Temperature, Porosity and Fluid Saturation Using a Comparative Approach","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Porosity; Saturation (graph theory); Carbonate; Materials science; Thermal; Mineralogy; Thermal conductivity measurement; Atmospheric temperature range; Composite material; Geology; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.02657072387871555,"score_gpt":0.22453041095150178,"score_spread":0.19795968707278622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379523344","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975895,0.000047469846,0.0011960121,0.000036018755,0.000037566802,0.00009329579,0.000021448983,0.00006697213,0.00091165886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992816,0.000011242675,0.00053843297,0.00001074012,0.000034261757,0.000015575451,0.000048035097,0.000013981818,0.00004612853],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992092,0.000049674898,0.00023048083,0.00022826307,0.00014019643,0.0001421361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994969,0.000040794534,0.00018389619,0.0001474596,0.00006411636,0.00006687948],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010360679,0.00015558724,0.00032077805,0.000106711486,0.00005555879,0.000022963168,0.00005295126,0.00005283456,0.000004555825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013472072,0.00014946761,0.000031982945,0.00035216068,0.00012342066,0.00009214753,0.000034776942,0.00011719282,6.136231e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018235749,0.000007879576,0.0019702571,0.00005681484,0.000041370695,2.5649155e-7,0.00074624934,0.26455778,0.71643674,0.015797982,0.0000021502574,0.00036427568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029781018,0.00012330755,0.23703967,0.000049290276,0.00004284775,0.0000042439806,0.0013546584,0.7400262,0.02069813,0.00010416473,0.000053970554,0.00020575545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004870367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052456347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6957386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018052666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041301333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.736257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380362510","doi":"10.1007/s11053-023-10214-3","title":"Geothermal Potential of Closed Underground Mines: Resource Assessment Study of the Con Mine, Northwest Territories, Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural Resources Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Northwest Territories; Geological Survey of Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Heat pump; Geology; Groundwater; Mining engineering; Environmental science; Underground mining (soft rock); Resource (disambiguation); Petroleum engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Waste management; Geophysics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.02526173554555669,"score_gpt":0.3111407693750862,"score_spread":0.2858790338295295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380362510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99549216,0.00018300019,3.9078435e-7,0.0005669958,0.0002183966,0.00065904565,0.000066938584,0.000033757784,0.0027793357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902829,0.0000055782552,0.000006798639,0.00002275012,0.00025218827,0.00011349886,0.000055382076,0.00003772881,0.009223168],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99575293,0.00069340825,0.0005873857,0.00036916943,0.0020570953,0.0005400403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978438,0.0005572139,0.00022251709,0.0008255419,0.00044777434,0.00010315122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078909716,0.00018985165,0.000367452,0.00019860557,0.0003874474,0.000049196777,0.001023384,0.00011138363,0.000049775746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016880427,0.00012770516,0.000103883285,0.0016095509,0.00024876787,0.00005125461,0.00036880714,0.00048216764,0.0000024610374],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015928326,0.0043624076,0.3399187,0.0059325076,0.0029399418,0.00034745954,0.017655091,0.3935361,0.17072114,0.022921544,0.028638046,0.01143421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018424336,0.00033197535,0.8235723,0.00028741822,0.000052068794,0.000008154494,0.026874194,0.0054264273,0.0012829104,0.00007817566,0.1399197,0.00032427892],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97109115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9695716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48365355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001983026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038912758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5207665},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380992967","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202339604007","title":"Technical Assessment of Frozen Soil on Geothermal Heat Pump Technology in Western Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; University of Alberta","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Geothermal gradient; Water content; Borehole; Heat transfer; Soil thermal properties; Soil science; Porous medium; Environmental science; Porosity; Turbulence; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Geology; Mechanics; Composite material; Geophysics; Field capacity","score_opus":0.01729346220961174,"score_gpt":0.26663734664014593,"score_spread":0.24934388443053418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380992967","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94477475,0.000019284955,0.000018252631,0.0020242347,0.0000828397,0.000103290455,0.00002161272,0.00006669312,0.052889057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99900484,0.000017256947,0.000029186633,0.00003971565,0.000025993697,0.000086244036,0.0000126485575,0.000011623065,0.0007724663],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891263,0.00004130272,0.00039064803,0.00019854761,0.00024500806,0.00021184143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942064,0.00008636733,0.000103348975,0.00029734988,0.00005562533,0.000036642166],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014872565,0.00011817776,0.00031589242,0.00021378935,0.000026495149,0.0000065542868,0.00031787652,0.00012029167,0.00018736882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015427055,0.000100845034,0.00003587045,0.00044208413,0.00010609779,0.000023429362,0.000056708774,0.00012611522,0.00000981087],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001871913,0.00018476768,0.19850929,0.00007285942,0.00005553064,0.00001677899,0.00004686295,0.091805644,0.052833214,0.6501175,0.0003819165,0.005956894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016693482,0.00042101735,0.78485936,0.00051186216,0.000027658283,0.000008810621,0.0012202251,0.02747706,0.048341542,0.00529882,0.12953332,0.0006309946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.66452324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8268581,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6448187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040333452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011743746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4112341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381163429","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129823","title":"Obtaining the hydraulic and thermal properties of the main hydrostratigraphic units surrounding a standing column well using a thermal response test","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hydrology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Hydraulic conductivity; Aquifer; Thermal conductivity; Geology; Thermal; Groundwater; Geotechnical engineering; Soil science; Materials science; Meteorology","score_opus":0.039370926510731485,"score_gpt":0.24114337024946497,"score_spread":0.2017724437387335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381163429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99703693,0.00040644826,0.000014122102,0.0014989907,0.00017411464,0.00014688558,0.000004727328,0.00002031045,0.00069748826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993998,0.00002131419,0.000019215362,0.0001474623,0.00014392058,0.000009884787,3.4621854e-7,0.000030534335,0.0002275422],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99786305,0.00073733844,0.0006323798,0.00014616305,0.00027273546,0.0003483179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821454,0.0006650709,0.0006602439,0.00027973703,0.00011553005,0.00006484901],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021145057,0.00016852324,0.00033233187,0.00020012043,0.00045915396,0.000051240175,0.00038976892,0.00011535636,0.000028093082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032745439,0.00009356627,0.000113176946,0.0008728093,0.00036402413,0.00013092007,0.00010256397,0.00035378526,0.0000026253542],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031231437,0.00003635047,0.012895925,0.000026544032,0.00012904839,0.00003326577,0.0027716323,0.17644057,0.80486923,0.0020638814,0.000023704939,0.00039751118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0060343053,0.0018915025,0.5047566,0.0010600067,0.0006598883,0.004498885,0.016875831,0.36723843,0.07153232,0.0022560311,0.021998033,0.001198103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000794838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025217008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7333369,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004149343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001942142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38155216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381853487","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2023.128255","title":"Comparative data-driven enhanced geothermal systems forecasting models: A case study of Qiabuqia field in China","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial neural network; Support vector machine; Geothermal gradient; Machine learning; Adaptability; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Stability (learning theory); Data mining; Boosting (machine learning); Predictive modelling; Engineering","score_opus":0.09455817088423595,"score_gpt":0.3024671937566222,"score_spread":0.20790902287238622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381853487","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849253,0.00007534053,0.0018186342,0.000022249737,0.00015860361,0.00022230494,0.000029573592,0.00012533435,0.012622657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979864,0.0000065246345,0.000056964604,0.000017863536,0.00013513837,0.00029310718,0.00006557283,0.000034688426,0.0014037772],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982329,0.00017744192,0.00058297906,0.00045856816,0.00021736119,0.00033073017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864393,0.00017356714,0.00021909944,0.000840846,0.000052598665,0.00006995675],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002207594,0.00020545057,0.00047402212,0.00020198007,0.00010864023,0.000028872833,0.00043128265,0.000091481525,0.00003978431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001592911,0.00018989303,0.00004178004,0.0006982324,0.000025103001,0.00020235643,0.0002270461,0.00011585009,0.000012106613],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001716087,0.00020735104,0.00007984521,0.00002240436,0.0000737036,0.0002454982,0.0047461996,0.9802998,0.00064006634,0.01201405,0.00012845706,0.0015255112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076706155,0.00013794481,0.0001592608,0.000058086545,0.0000150987835,0.00008605581,0.012262474,0.9840999,0.00042064895,0.00014746856,0.0016391064,0.00020686741],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.35364243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05259993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3010425,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029210412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033869142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96468765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382406643","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4493829","title":"Thermal Analysis of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage in Unsaturated Soil","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Porosity; Water content; Soil water; Thermal; Soil science; Moisture; Materials science; Environmental science; Borehole; Soil thermal properties; Volume (thermodynamics); Thermal energy storage; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Field capacity; Composite material; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.012240489956369713,"score_gpt":0.23748846474533394,"score_spread":0.22524797478896424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382406643","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99146664,0.0023789401,0.0017698351,0.0003957344,0.00034476083,0.000117118914,0.00004696478,0.0001178798,0.0033621485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919331,0.0013938631,0.000020704998,0.000044439734,0.00039139442,0.00007835145,0.00023090215,0.000117432675,0.005789787],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9952326,0.0003797247,0.0011173445,0.0005736029,0.00051378633,0.0021829875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99789804,0.00008743099,0.00092592725,0.000775898,0.00019336992,0.00011933046],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015440505,0.0004744954,0.0010205549,0.0012209329,0.00012980984,0.000075635435,0.0009311157,0.0005372779,0.00013970463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029572418,0.0004227752,0.0007401574,0.0017656978,0.0000826689,0.00008962712,0.00026495967,0.0030244542,0.000020883443],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004503462,0.00010788958,0.0008425606,0.0000138865225,0.003064168,0.0000122091,0.00021792395,0.86598945,0.0037654655,0.12139333,0.000014157307,0.004533932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057244045,0.00067017315,0.19887273,0.00079402974,0.0074147102,0.00011322064,0.006824971,0.57524353,0.00457707,0.18064678,0.014174818,0.0049435534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07664659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12848222,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2907459,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010430268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021073732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382406742","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4493827","title":"Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Approach to Investigate and Optimize the Performance of a Co2 Geothermal Thermosyphon","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Thermosiphon; Surface (topology); Petroleum engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Computer science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.06286848443507048,"score_gpt":0.277750540099669,"score_spread":0.2148820556645985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382406742","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99239135,0.0014877126,0.0035287212,0.0017578978,0.00010482011,0.00042240546,0.000011416126,0.00004990045,0.00024574902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921024,0.0017233714,0.004091852,0.0001098243,0.00009671061,0.0000758549,0.000004532695,0.000072005474,0.0017234522],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957226,0.0017045445,0.00058762694,0.0005066921,0.00023942828,0.0012391252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99810827,0.00059928495,0.00042225284,0.0005993988,0.00012267553,0.00014811695],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0101555195,0.00033022842,0.00056236546,0.00009714623,0.00027287737,0.00006075116,0.00052731414,0.0002904221,0.000006732952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022375054,0.00023112052,0.00011280219,0.00020602765,0.00031541334,0.000050760133,0.00042807264,0.0020551996,0.0000054105467],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011895492,0.00007287766,0.0017870994,0.00013980661,0.0005131614,9.336598e-7,0.002265265,0.9048158,0.01625469,0.06890284,0.000020656105,0.004037297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006450752,0.0031848168,0.20639434,0.00095131533,0.0011525962,0.0038061626,0.016299928,0.2754806,0.015089886,0.45800978,0.009023281,0.004156557],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051190136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006849383,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6293352,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023248889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00114871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9424821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382932297","doi":"10.1007/s42461-023-00801-6","title":"A Numerical Investigation on Utilizing Jacket Water Waste Heat of Power Generation Units in Remote Mines","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mining Metallurgy & Exploration","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Institute of Technology; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Fossil fuel; Electricity generation; Waste heat; Heat generation; Carbon footprint; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Greenhouse gas; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Geology; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.11066235805884182,"score_gpt":0.2664055418606309,"score_spread":0.1557431838017891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382932297","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951168,0.000017296874,0.0016461671,0.0009605057,0.00022684722,0.00017791244,0.0000020351422,0.00012772407,0.0017247294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99801916,0.0000111433465,0.0005188294,0.00011127921,0.00016004634,0.000090528374,0.00052278535,0.000042569634,0.00052364677],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982999,0.00020726353,0.0005821904,0.00034710355,0.00029449724,0.00026904646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931735,0.00006193332,0.00010715279,0.0003110186,0.00013861623,0.000063959735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046543797,0.00019345601,0.00027218656,0.00038274573,0.000089030254,0.000038916754,0.000110556655,0.000120675344,0.00006113542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009831349,0.00016270413,0.00005562586,0.0010152458,0.00003805382,0.00038182936,0.000028925775,0.00007663888,0.0001392674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002440839,0.000030692077,0.00010774261,0.0000161989,0.000025401276,0.0000043200293,0.0059520835,0.6135709,0.36813498,0.00881661,0.00019390635,0.003122724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007417999,0.00019407326,0.0005376715,0.00016792871,0.000026589702,0.000003976141,0.003312142,0.58298963,0.3973275,0.0013708693,0.012935272,0.00039251804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015734303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006053205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030581286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004561928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030526324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6634882},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383226415","doi":"10.12775/bgeo-2023-0003","title":"Shallow geothermal heat in Western Canada: climatic warming impact changes with time– depth","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Geography Physical Geography Series","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Helmholtz-Alberta Initiative; University of Alberta","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Climate change; Structural basin; Geothermal heating; Heat flow; Geology; Drilling; Global warming; Heat flux; Environmental science; Climatology; Hydrology (agriculture); Geothermal energy; Heat transfer; Geomorphology; Geography; Meteorology; Thermal; Oceanography; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.007190579242589627,"score_gpt":0.2128670721667725,"score_spread":0.20567649292418289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383226415","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99376005,0.00017683777,0.0000041015296,0.0016315976,0.000048614565,0.00036478645,0.00010246171,0.00023189436,0.0036796778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99863917,0.000056359368,0.000112099595,0.00015332353,0.00014940494,0.00032352874,0.00012168733,0.00008485612,0.00035954767],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974777,0.0001255283,0.00040117308,0.0005530896,0.0005697664,0.0008727618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874204,0.00017357408,0.00018145442,0.00058471726,0.00011212939,0.00020610864],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019174295,0.0004920164,0.0007681269,0.0005252786,0.00017068388,0.000051584964,0.00042658043,0.00010262174,0.00018126715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000097723105,0.00039313317,0.00037100093,0.0016732088,0.0003347786,0.000073926545,0.0001017668,0.00021758558,0.000060211652],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00052234734,0.00080560386,0.8813438,0.0005385327,0.0010565497,0.00011984412,0.000896652,0.098239474,0.004925311,0.0031761606,0.0010818796,0.0072938744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087069423,0.0004840302,0.94974154,0.00025046297,0.000075099924,0.0000150251535,0.0004410948,0.0006424779,0.00088278804,0.00022484658,0.045684174,0.00068778225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.67835677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.37664756,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3017092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028294642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000084163024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384284718","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4510990","title":"Application of Deconvolution to Interpretation of Distributed Thermal Response Test and to Determination of Thermal Conductivity Profiles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Heat exchanger; Deconvolution; Heat transfer; Materials science; Thermal; Thermal resistance; Thermal conduction; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Composite material; Algorithm; Physics","score_opus":0.0115635122392447,"score_gpt":0.26453665520849845,"score_spread":0.2529731429692538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384284718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.837887,0.00011702764,0.16089031,0.0003416655,0.00006720386,0.0005105422,0.00012523837,0.000025852365,0.00003518732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989787,0.000042966625,0.0004694163,0.000007262256,0.00007780806,0.00018679444,0.000073656076,0.00003820982,0.0001252232],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99786246,0.0002545457,0.0007686356,0.00031245308,0.00026532158,0.00053658796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99795324,0.00026226297,0.00092610094,0.0003499627,0.00043015336,0.000078267156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018206744,0.00020878567,0.000422131,0.0003023308,0.000064728985,0.00001612831,0.00028824393,0.00020227449,0.000005180137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037036312,0.00020025286,0.00011859726,0.00029775675,0.00006910468,0.000090065834,0.00016334365,0.00056332926,0.00000497359],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00092961144,0.00019173615,0.0033516043,0.00017372052,0.00014768583,2.9913377e-7,0.001051544,0.10199871,0.7969505,0.024211038,0.000004160242,0.07098936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021946814,0.002933747,0.51394904,0.0013532768,0.00049517734,0.0001039237,0.00429255,0.13967001,0.25456727,0.078643665,0.00043823302,0.0013584512],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026548703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015146517,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54238325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037763675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006841898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8166075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384461238","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121152","title":"A versatile method for estimating grout and ground thermal properties in a thermal response test","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Grout; Thermal conductivity; Heat capacity; Materials science; Thermal; Volumetric heat capacity; Thermal resistance; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Heat transfer coefficient; Physics","score_opus":0.017709401753581835,"score_gpt":0.23218886394388058,"score_spread":0.21447946219029873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384461238","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99183035,0.00008580285,0.005492684,0.00015379724,0.00009677407,0.0006001722,0.0000119601655,0.00049933774,0.0012291265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810517,0.0000011872743,0.016747762,0.000055546825,0.00022950463,0.0015097256,0.000012620022,0.00011870727,0.00027323634],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99844414,0.00004271244,0.00038805208,0.0003995639,0.00016776966,0.00055777986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988221,0.0006754869,0.000082328974,0.0002994611,0.00002720873,0.000093406255],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008267369,0.00029796097,0.0003247527,0.00020411548,0.00014432725,0.00008244946,0.00021126025,0.00013954985,0.00002727714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013159959,0.00026966684,0.00006827563,0.00041843773,0.000035413785,0.00012810613,0.000102742306,0.00018208132,0.000038921276],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009576216,0.000021984104,0.000041985222,0.000060826493,0.000023334598,0.0000032449861,0.00110098,0.49597505,0.48654798,0.004285818,0.000002376506,0.011840652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012543111,0.000054633274,0.032589845,0.00010517595,0.000021950333,0.0000076382385,0.0004740465,0.95086724,0.012269883,0.000088729765,0.0017984576,0.00046810828],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00093568815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003195895,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4742781,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056471155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029193932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384695034","doi":"10.22215/etd/2023-15517","title":"Building Integrated Sub-Slab Thermal Storage System for Coupling to a Heat Pump: Modelling, Optimization, and Thermal Performance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Retrofitting; Thermal energy storage; Heat exchanger; TRNSYS; Context (archaeology); Renewable energy; Zero-energy building; Heating system; Engineering; Environmental science; Efficient energy use; Civil engineering; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.01563909603182267,"score_gpt":0.23861279978393743,"score_spread":0.22297370375211475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384695034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89245963,0.00015820585,0.10280953,0.00003313837,0.000588827,0.0010419538,0.000045355064,0.00064075505,0.0022225762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97727525,0.000046709712,0.0055027544,0.000035871413,0.00035909563,0.0015756075,0.0012500815,0.00029301032,0.013661613],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977975,0.00002693629,0.00068557385,0.00071263383,0.0002740472,0.00050330296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986941,0.000091804206,0.00019560021,0.0004198413,0.00041993437,0.00017867074],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032327883,0.00051852467,0.0005652121,0.0002870536,0.00046675574,0.00019235609,0.0003070773,0.0004247495,0.000041514428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014748011,0.00045871167,0.00013021889,0.0004668044,0.00001857738,0.00015372402,0.00003414964,0.0002248235,0.000042113606],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008292805,0.000018435101,0.000009598296,0.00053164,0.000094847754,0.0000011282222,0.0005203798,0.97800314,0.011471647,0.008423382,0.00004068699,0.00080215966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003799357,0.000055218636,0.0000573227,0.00060843973,0.000079569094,0.0000026526418,0.0015393434,0.985877,0.009115431,0.000005215758,0.0017568453,0.0005230503],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006758999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007639777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09730677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015549303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011313809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998551},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385755018","doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108389","title":"Environmental impacts of optimal designs of community energy systems under different CO2 footprints of electric grids","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Electricity; Renewable energy; Heat pump; Coal; Work (physics); Engineering; Natural gas; Grid; Automotive engineering; Borehole; Electricity generation; Environmental science; Power (physics); Process engineering; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.015889025268819305,"score_gpt":0.2021987605298685,"score_spread":0.1863097352610492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385755018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96301425,0.000104523584,0.036571156,0.000008209884,0.00009498692,0.000063182146,0.0000102119575,0.00007658482,0.00005692722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995671,0.000016986358,0.0002641463,0.000004975366,0.00004432669,0.000021128157,0.000035453,0.000032900032,0.000013003478],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989393,0.000041583768,0.00045456048,0.00012140865,0.0001924964,0.0002507028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991641,0.00020938306,0.00014845678,0.00035587105,0.000022823173,0.000099380835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009565107,0.00017930251,0.00040353942,0.00012697036,0.000024647437,0.0000057752054,0.0003144662,0.00010135672,0.0000061215974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011425381,0.00017395435,0.000111076646,0.00032954154,0.00004354281,0.00002730383,0.00015040905,0.00014481635,0.0000017782876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000044872236,0.00006499755,0.000042207863,0.00008983043,0.000059394053,2.9745877e-7,0.000070065194,0.46527645,0.5301302,0.0038920327,0.000014125993,0.0003559062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003723337,0.000058963808,0.00533721,0.00011149471,0.000021836257,0.0000062831896,0.00008569592,0.34701192,0.64668256,0.00003067191,0.00011114645,0.0001698903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012541208,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014626495,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11826452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071926755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011668131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70936525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386037818","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4546952","title":"Advancing Geothermal Frontiers: A Cfd-Based Analysis of Ice Formation and Thermal Resistance Related to Geothermal Borehole Heat Exchangers Across Diverse Canadian Climates","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geothermal heating; Computational fluid dynamics; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Thermal; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics; Geography; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.009341611755365263,"score_gpt":0.2458200590636386,"score_spread":0.23647844730827333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386037818","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98852617,0.0026467599,0.0051537296,0.0016340535,0.00033520698,0.00048318767,0.00041604156,0.00012676304,0.0006781001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962729,0.0007064877,0.00038205637,0.00018238972,0.00014297612,0.00011722791,0.00026068083,0.00012551276,0.0018097548],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9948268,0.00023275406,0.0009675666,0.00060974155,0.00045857072,0.0029045937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99800295,0.00008606686,0.0005901476,0.0006319086,0.00025957928,0.0004293417],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001935552,0.00049778237,0.0008632664,0.0009904566,0.00058703247,0.00015594061,0.00060370495,0.00042703073,0.00007432783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065876244,0.0004972274,0.0004420589,0.0011138717,0.000107318454,0.00025919755,0.00017030584,0.0015708491,0.000021687403],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014916419,0.000040664065,0.002750257,0.000101319674,0.0020942676,0.000012510971,0.0025953858,0.98180985,0.0013510267,0.0054694833,0.00011083789,0.003515204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008421971,0.0008630039,0.10474852,0.002551631,0.008005505,0.000121091536,0.07573603,0.71498793,0.0025657814,0.02777976,0.047710072,0.006508696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.27202117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.78807145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5160503,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018845764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014312222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99974793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386237659","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102807","title":"Response surface methodology and desirability approach to investigate and optimize the performance of a CO2 geothermal thermosyphon","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Response surface methodology; Thermosiphon; Heat transfer; Geothermal energy; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Geology; Machine learning","score_opus":0.06794891799445855,"score_gpt":0.2696002304557434,"score_spread":0.20165131246128482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386237659","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968282,0.00010624908,0.00032315962,0.0009477111,0.000044342305,0.00037148452,0.000017925995,0.00010621305,0.0012547176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99170446,0.000064581065,0.0060856817,0.00042890522,0.00002999071,0.00008119065,0.0000044663057,0.000048150512,0.001552546],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981291,0.0006743892,0.000335178,0.00037708427,0.00014780225,0.00033643018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984463,0.0006812259,0.00012775198,0.0005623202,0.00006115437,0.00012124265],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002360604,0.00020027411,0.0003204125,0.00006265476,0.00018534232,0.000025923508,0.00026046528,0.0001279316,0.000020981557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013815904,0.00014308462,0.00004527846,0.0004485089,0.00038722673,0.000056899185,0.00015213464,0.00013405817,0.000022107894],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006794946,0.000059016984,0.0041092522,0.00010983584,0.00008133202,0.0000011650196,0.0052662473,0.80928093,0.15887867,0.015348116,0.00009491297,0.006091016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00216572,0.00049086683,0.36257342,0.00009852199,0.000109614055,0.0001363885,0.0033044887,0.55881184,0.038971543,0.0027238333,0.029516244,0.0010975159],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002378017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005872059,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35846418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001845386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047789486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5834821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386432371","doi":"10.1007/978-981-19-9822-5_136","title":"Sensitivity Analysis Using a Simplified Transient Heat Transfer Model to Examine How Soils with Extreme Properties Affect Single and Double U-tube Borehole Heat Exchanger Designs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Environmental science and engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; Grout; Geotechnical engineering; Soil water; Sensitivity (control systems); Thermal; Hydraulic conductivity; Materials science; Geology; Soil science; Mechanics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Electronic engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.06302218991148831,"score_gpt":0.19732577954696512,"score_spread":0.1343035896354768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386432371","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9563672,0.00021328902,0.041329753,0.00010606959,0.000029423476,0.0004484973,0.00004083939,0.000098412886,0.0013665021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99340767,0.000039232866,0.00039903724,0.000032084503,0.00004554154,0.000049086848,0.000012870463,0.00006616285,0.0059483266],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837345,0.0000075528687,0.00015583605,0.00064198056,0.00042323183,0.000397961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946034,0.000017794542,0.000011170495,0.00026009034,0.000009824549,0.00024075672],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025444198,0.0003592929,0.00038654183,0.00028656214,0.00023395252,0.00012390013,0.00008655984,0.00010368326,0.000011549021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000016137848,0.0002957943,0.00006741228,0.0002170215,0.00020452864,0.00021270524,0.000058284808,0.00011438787,0.0000032187445],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009174653,0.000009420401,0.0000048850925,0.000019736122,0.000049089365,0.0000053696667,0.0003585989,0.5455617,0.45349446,0.00021979275,7.207722e-7,0.00026709793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044150784,0.00014793703,0.00097514066,0.00020436986,0.00038398546,0.00003560472,0.00017832905,0.9658951,0.029794203,0.0000069254484,0.0010946856,0.00084217236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00073202624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038602191,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42370024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017491046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001713812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386432537","doi":"10.1007/978-981-19-9822-5_141","title":"Review and Case Study of Thermal Energy Harvesting Opportunities in Buildings","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Environmental science and engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"HVAC; Sustainability; Air conditioning; Architectural engineering; Amenity; Energy consumption; Thermal comfort; Engineering; Thermal energy; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Business; Electrical engineering; Ecology","score_opus":0.030937748561885536,"score_gpt":0.20847137104319877,"score_spread":0.17753362248131324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386432537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9585625,0.009154466,0.000009068984,0.000049546412,0.00007446434,0.0003132791,0.000014883804,0.00006704832,0.03175472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97512954,0.004221662,0.000035133435,0.000044763052,0.000027066242,0.000037972186,0.0000026952978,0.00003631732,0.020464819],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915755,0.0000040896025,0.00024860553,0.0002633871,0.00017008034,0.00015630778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966836,0.000024583354,0.00007775383,0.00014779568,0.000004068021,0.000077429315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025398703,0.00016274049,0.00023793508,0.00012904215,0.000076468474,0.000018098839,0.00009666004,0.000046423636,0.00002583911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006319525,0.00015563959,0.00001612171,0.00005480108,0.00014127494,0.00011575102,0.00014962682,0.000086764114,0.0000014222086],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008155714,0.00035949415,0.0012545317,0.0037289476,0.00028419174,0.00397767,0.006853773,0.13214706,0.081309415,0.36152712,0.000090138616,0.4084595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040914905,0.0017416321,0.020603873,0.020272769,0.0012559887,0.008433243,0.027535176,0.042589124,0.0015182424,0.0009500471,0.86283505,0.0081733735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0045824745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020956233,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8627449,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040219125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000980229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6927361},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386432604","doi":"10.1007/978-981-19-9822-5_42","title":"Building Energy Rejection in District Heating System as a Potential for Decarbonation and Reduction of Heat Island","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Environmental science and engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Pageau Morel and Associates (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Heating system; Hybrid heat; Roof; Renewable heat; Environmental science; Hydraulic accumulator; Passive cooling; Thermal; Heat energy; Nuclear engineering; Waste management; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Civil engineering; Geography; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.00483267494386817,"score_gpt":0.1781301275015543,"score_spread":0.17329745255768614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386432604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9636181,0.00089016836,0.0112370355,0.00007401215,0.0009639441,0.00066111994,0.00006313897,0.00018436876,0.022308102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99498975,0.00012525031,0.00022001592,0.0000015061524,0.00010638842,0.000044060787,0.000011460912,0.000025386707,0.004476168],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99912983,0.000002909823,0.00021635901,0.0002796438,0.00021851409,0.0001527474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977416,0.000020833357,0.00006755339,0.000083629,0.0000069760804,0.00004687707],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022045654,0.00012786164,0.00015298977,0.00019376796,0.00009745206,0.000025297932,0.000052315398,0.00009690163,0.0000030628428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008768789,0.00013458269,0.000026833222,0.000072930234,0.000051030987,0.00010379911,0.00004383187,0.000059599915,7.592673e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000110534675,0.000009237281,0.000026210259,0.00017033755,0.000023424333,0.0000024163219,0.00014273454,0.47788942,0.2828162,0.22559032,0.000004126885,0.013314509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010015189,0.00021512441,0.0033561701,0.0011919906,0.000093937735,0.00020801436,0.0006651744,0.96156937,0.014182261,0.0018000375,0.01480101,0.00091541343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00182378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040218692,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48367992,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002925708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010574704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54881227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386569228","doi":"10.1080/17486025.2023.2256301","title":"Numerical study on the effects of thermoelastic and poroelastic parameters on the geomechanical behaviour of Hot Dry Rock geothermal reservoirs","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Poromechanics; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Thermoelastic damping; Biot number; Geothermal energy; Geotechnical engineering; Deformation (meteorology); Petroleum engineering; Porosity; Thermal; Porous medium; Mechanics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.012878850897810198,"score_gpt":0.2121359764595376,"score_spread":0.19925712556172742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386569228","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996453,0.000051815194,0.0024760624,0.00023954173,0.00018051552,0.000477292,0.000009272737,0.00006771784,0.000044802142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99955857,0.00002405937,0.0000105704585,0.000046259924,0.000036555928,0.00019218597,0.0000028056577,0.000047112877,0.00008187316],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986386,0.000085898326,0.00033813252,0.00030268624,0.0002991408,0.0003355498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979834,0.0013087187,0.000122016834,0.00046634415,0.00003679729,0.00008273491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038584654,0.00023971777,0.00031845208,0.0001147002,0.00014584111,0.000025503698,0.0002518426,0.000086459884,0.000019915711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019742326,0.0001459613,0.00007950686,0.0003966036,0.000022364165,0.000026693091,0.00012072532,0.00024045006,0.000014455941],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007029079,0.00028967863,0.00025180532,0.00016657425,0.00024813792,0.000014601747,0.00094097253,0.8470808,0.012332632,0.13706657,0.000031832107,0.0015060559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001346594,0.0025857817,0.039136127,0.00046053136,0.00020424843,0.000012350996,0.0024086866,0.9420805,0.008142901,0.0027279789,0.0002889145,0.00060538994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000565595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000144924325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13433859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013579173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010425133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59521294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386698411","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2023-0054","title":"Field investigation on a pilot energy piled retaining wall","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"RWTH Aachen University; State Government of Victoria; University of Melbourne","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Borehole; Thermal; Rigidity (electromagnetism); Structural engineering; Pile cap; Heat exchanger; Thermal energy; Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.03695669997637415,"score_gpt":0.23215740745909502,"score_spread":0.19520070748272086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386698411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7715865,0.00027300132,0.004942231,0.114658386,0.001633546,0.000502165,0.000040218143,0.0017605869,0.104603365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905073,0.000031010608,0.00006080699,0.0061190524,0.00047850228,0.00004611408,0.00002291712,0.000038078888,0.0026962347],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852365,0.000086488086,0.00037458868,0.0002359384,0.00023782958,0.00054148503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985036,0.00013332911,0.000112525755,0.00031716164,0.00007648751,0.0008568484],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003662448,0.00015919625,0.00018017116,0.00039191937,0.00040872255,0.00010194004,0.00033115663,0.00018036582,0.0004311105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018200652,0.00014898732,0.0000968271,0.00060973247,0.000044494747,0.00007674326,0.00002308285,0.00045866997,0.0003751991],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060068396,0.00003523812,0.00031784884,0.000010669976,0.00009179637,0.00039001656,0.00015544308,0.2789049,0.00409887,0.57583207,0.07673787,0.06336519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047774392,0.0005106811,0.0022937823,0.0001204592,0.000016934924,0.00017964236,0.000066784094,0.037334096,0.00090436963,0.019281805,0.9384531,0.0003606053],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19627152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07217754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8617152,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002152305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034625374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9447528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386940912","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102828","title":"Reactive transport model predicting calcite precipitation: Case of a dynamically operated standing column well","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Calcite; Wellhead; Groundwater; Aquifer; Precipitation; Scaling; Chemistry; Environmental science; Mineralogy; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.018790884967651113,"score_gpt":0.2594922276743301,"score_spread":0.240701342706679,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386940912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97816104,0.000013256994,0.0057150708,0.000085504136,0.00007076556,0.00028143587,0.00017143639,0.0002202925,0.015281211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99400884,0.000009133998,0.0006174386,0.00004263938,0.000058361624,0.00011726787,0.000090620895,0.00006512497,0.0049905917],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870723,0.00004429743,0.00046524662,0.00030481626,0.00017685741,0.00030154106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999172,0.00008187718,0.0001730702,0.00031652328,0.0001640503,0.00009250057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002612305,0.00016916648,0.00025606333,0.00011405433,0.0001609297,0.000017962615,0.00014527995,0.00013762494,0.00008726624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020161653,0.0001724285,0.00008968189,0.0006076621,0.00006404507,0.00009565903,0.00002246044,0.00012946002,0.00004462559],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034214965,0.000046614972,0.0006793727,0.00004088691,0.00006874847,0.00008112409,0.0021616467,0.9586771,0.017679678,0.019730065,0.000025802066,0.00077474443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005107979,0.00003451174,0.00078304193,0.000060042796,0.000037705886,0.00008389679,0.0013087579,0.99448544,0.0008416387,0.0007334536,0.00092278357,0.00019792683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008306507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035069843,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03580834,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000759698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008435546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386998150","doi":"10.1155/2023/6106360","title":"Technical Performance Comparison of Horizontal and Vertical Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of GeoEnergy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Heat exchanger; Air source heat pumps; Mechanics; Borehole; Environmental science; Working fluid; Thermal; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.018263374784987903,"score_gpt":0.25646579393959157,"score_spread":0.23820241915460366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386998150","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99647295,0.0005182387,0.0005278341,0.00020454572,0.0002999778,0.00004688465,0.0000015842501,0.000047387046,0.0018805934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989164,0.00013124774,0.000052728235,0.000016643577,0.00035495753,0.000010519768,0.0000041128233,0.000027236736,0.00048613915],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982836,0.00006766223,0.00083825964,0.00014700869,0.00039550956,0.00026794363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916553,0.00010753099,0.00019403538,0.00021717766,0.0001500741,0.00016563389],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034835679,0.00015066055,0.0005047587,0.00018328954,0.0001022309,0.000036883004,0.0002323561,0.00013480206,0.000018652545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033217962,0.00012030594,0.000118598706,0.0003617439,0.000104452134,0.00013748754,0.00007481914,0.00020943943,0.000017611033],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030467325,0.00046108622,0.013362231,0.0002830432,0.00024607085,0.00003703673,0.00046185072,0.71191007,0.1438702,0.103884496,0.0019776158,0.023201637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032494108,0.0024744226,0.107326,0.00078509026,0.00023721144,0.0019949793,0.0024968793,0.44659483,0.02152185,0.00027522995,0.41219294,0.000851131],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022481785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012524381,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41021535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050539336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041410178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49059337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387079091","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121680","title":"Application of deconvolution to interpretation of distributed thermal response test (DTRT) and to determination of thermal conductivity profiles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Deconvolution; Thermal conduction; Thermal; Materials science; Thermal resistance; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Algorithm; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.007201154457553581,"score_gpt":0.21943551336009112,"score_spread":0.21223435890253753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387079091","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9380406,0.0000116351575,0.060941596,0.00006638983,0.00003294615,0.0005478785,0.0000754157,0.00010620189,0.00017734556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979235,9.692035e-7,0.0015090178,0.0000103490665,0.00003598146,0.00040513554,0.000056342735,0.000038198334,0.000020541887],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988449,0.000037417696,0.00047459776,0.00025527424,0.00018199392,0.00020580782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898386,0.0003104932,0.00020865668,0.00030440904,0.00011200327,0.000080570935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038730016,0.00017484375,0.00029638282,0.00023623765,0.000037349346,0.0000081305225,0.00015194005,0.00009928345,0.000010189504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011996716,0.00017648307,0.000050851402,0.0006231162,0.000042437063,0.000089484885,0.00008072388,0.00007060771,0.000013869438],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014110748,0.000029827288,0.0002065254,0.000065721346,0.000013321168,1.338059e-7,0.00046591368,0.3420079,0.63588834,0.004092133,0.0000011123304,0.01708799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032627268,0.00011020048,0.15493318,0.00006639034,0.00002440075,0.0000012478725,0.00015570107,0.27271953,0.57112175,0.000039273335,0.00029579207,0.00020626692],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037089636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015526619,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15472665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040801788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022056116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7196771},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387359471","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4","title":"Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat pump; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Process engineering; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Geophysics","score_opus":0.02285314194735865,"score_gpt":0.2383235870091414,"score_spread":0.21547044506178276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387359471","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005719962,0.00042673087,0.00005788177,0.000057596924,0.00065329805,0.00038060884,0.00015310789,0.0003535899,0.9973452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01809781,0.000052082254,0.000011076913,0.00005739041,0.0005898553,0.00020719996,0.00026385326,0.00018180227,0.9805389],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981449,0.000042053056,0.000721752,0.0003974203,0.00037602722,0.00031781464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987547,0.00009248657,0.00022478806,0.00073453615,0.0000864334,0.00010707719],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016886104,0.00034747436,0.0006783049,0.0001661792,0.00006742639,0.000039879873,0.00036725664,0.00041496704,0.0017363119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004565677,0.0003007971,0.0002522483,0.00011590725,0.0000878493,0.000041452528,0.00009542616,0.00016329494,0.0028146077],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007139825,0.000045902387,0.0000094127445,0.0004939686,0.00036578177,0.000008725157,0.00006414418,0.07745159,0.0012960777,0.874882,0.04478724,0.0005880441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022837296,0.000035261208,0.000038732505,0.00031604478,0.000052130687,0.000010672778,0.000092429524,0.0016291774,0.00021980789,0.0010992709,0.9959172,0.00036090484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020891253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063622877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95113,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013571323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001513285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999444},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387359603","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_4","title":"Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling, Outside the Borehole","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Superposition principle; Heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Mechanics; Geology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.05015830393996037,"score_gpt":0.24222576174685495,"score_spread":0.19206745780689458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387359603","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000053471013,0.00032714428,0.00073688,0.0013850946,0.0003327423,0.00022909915,0.00002666343,0.00040577946,0.9965031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0128216045,0.00015386552,0.00004376774,0.0007437075,0.0010151577,0.00016725274,0.000110889545,0.00019602165,0.9847477],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998616,0.0000136115,0.00036858433,0.0004179968,0.0002973177,0.00028648676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988166,0.00005166831,0.00006813822,0.0009035986,0.0000757535,0.00008420429],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014814884,0.00034633232,0.00031049238,0.00007911491,0.00020484038,0.00007547196,0.00038578763,0.00033118404,0.0022185447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004130231,0.0002238991,0.0002389077,0.000041355583,0.000057163492,0.00003973131,0.00013077499,0.00027568112,0.004854212],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016851653,0.0000046109612,1.895393e-7,0.000011757166,0.0000753904,0.000004123495,0.00008799789,0.05993439,0.000016522807,0.9314293,0.0070890244,0.0013449668],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000897972,0.000009892916,0.000003556239,0.000051321327,0.000039711616,0.0000061911887,0.000051260333,0.028996125,0.0000051530174,0.047167856,0.92327696,0.00030219211],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027555777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008937265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91618794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004525251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031834217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387386270","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_13","title":"Advanced Topics in GSHP Analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Engineering; Computer science; Systems engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01933343714228316,"score_gpt":0.23962989389643463,"score_spread":0.22029645675415147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387386270","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009963546,0.000055429206,0.000109639805,0.00025334753,0.00008371889,0.00008419954,0.000013363711,0.0001561566,0.9991445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0066722743,0.00007648161,0.00016334678,0.000101927406,0.00014142616,0.000050809922,0.00013361356,0.000051379135,0.9926087],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990597,0.0000058704777,0.00032836598,0.0003105045,0.00013937795,0.00015618777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993244,0.000028019296,0.00009402576,0.00047219725,0.000033465545,0.000047910497],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000053448402,0.00018617827,0.00037990027,0.0003249896,0.000026725304,0.000014548546,0.00016391368,0.0002397418,0.00251527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044862377,0.00017072492,0.00022294594,0.00018805444,0.000016767099,0.000022125527,0.00004530689,0.0001395017,0.001116559],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010745526,0.0000040638065,0.000019954854,0.0000072403245,0.00019076045,0.0000064178944,0.000014330959,0.046408508,0.000006372806,0.94442207,0.00017593554,0.008743274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010478999,0.0000057441775,0.00056036585,0.000023625335,0.000113997776,3.4907907e-7,0.00001196322,0.0010878516,0.000008725738,0.01951503,0.9783332,0.00023437529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004877111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.034625232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9781572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004245314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017716382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996612},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387386284","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_12","title":"Economic Analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Profitability index; Economic analysis; Net present value; Context (archaeology); Life-cycle cost analysis; Internal rate of return; Economic evaluation; Geothermal gradient; Present value; Computer science; Engineering; Environmental economics; Reliability engineering; Economics; Production (economics); Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.019251136524451568,"score_gpt":0.22281438986211582,"score_spread":0.20356325333766426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387386284","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000023992521,0.000023178909,0.00008994432,0.00012399223,0.000114126444,0.00004862761,0.00003703112,0.00027350054,0.9992656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0060937144,0.000042088126,0.000039793675,0.000066723056,0.00027386862,0.000027681195,0.00019275726,0.00007237556,0.993191],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924994,0.0000031019717,0.00025960323,0.0002951171,0.00007038306,0.00012186953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992913,0.000028263185,0.00010716946,0.00049927755,0.00001544013,0.000058521156],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000047055986,0.00017784571,0.0003333952,0.00023703379,0.000043235606,0.000024423134,0.00016276941,0.00021147582,0.015540808],"category_scores_gemma":[7.514815e-7,0.0001622362,0.00036602782,0.00003887522,0.000020840704,0.000015628106,0.00004123464,0.00008041008,0.025005834],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.8168417e-7,9.815091e-7,0.0000036353858,0.0000026121777,0.0008618471,0.0000014150619,0.0000037816528,0.059170157,0.0000018743799,0.93687904,0.0019083313,0.0011659439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000036589397,0.0000032371656,0.00007789682,0.0000052102446,0.00037402727,5.126305e-7,0.000003252966,0.0021814662,0.0000043997375,0.023041772,0.9740662,0.0002054152],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013249977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022242844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9721579,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049392896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022778939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387386397","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_10","title":"Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Horizontal and vertical; Borehole; Footprint; Environmental science; Thermal; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Geodesy","score_opus":0.030834678135591802,"score_gpt":0.22921640039850352,"score_spread":0.19838172226291173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387386397","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000059280326,0.00014422205,0.000055820186,0.00029673323,0.00049734034,0.00015530491,0.000032453303,0.0005187615,0.9982401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0039048477,0.00008815467,0.000053017066,0.00017073979,0.0011579819,0.00009642623,0.0001867935,0.00019141682,0.99415064],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988223,0.000006825045,0.00028428424,0.00040286544,0.00023566005,0.0002481026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923205,0.000036837493,0.00005687871,0.0005200923,0.00004674347,0.00010737756],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000068111505,0.00031968518,0.00033077502,0.000108913926,0.000096798765,0.000043892982,0.00020680384,0.00039020338,0.007186036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002046186,0.000277308,0.00020501418,0.00003397118,0.000044350272,0.000039692015,0.00008757369,0.00018549358,0.013009827],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000019653214,0.0000054075726,3.0748026e-7,0.000016656768,0.00007066392,0.000012481456,0.000025547899,0.00013515119,0.00010295567,0.98779,0.00821939,0.0036195132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000109852976,0.000025824678,0.000020610007,0.00004749512,0.000025637608,0.000010971537,0.000015834059,0.00007332874,0.000019328949,0.01904117,0.9802753,0.00033464562],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013723625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006260154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9720559,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059927308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023784343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387386480","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_9","title":"Thermal Response Tests (TRT)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Heat exchanger; Thermal resistance; Materials science; Geology; Mechanics; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geophysics; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.02758862572694931,"score_gpt":0.24110448102167234,"score_spread":0.21351585529472303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387386480","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00058697193,0.000057995563,0.000012639811,0.0005554669,0.00021430645,0.00015604925,0.000028587187,0.00068151485,0.9977065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.016709782,0.000017306122,0.000071657094,0.0002636711,0.00042847494,0.00007600158,0.000053023607,0.00020781142,0.98217225],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871016,0.000027999398,0.00035126807,0.00040278884,0.00024906482,0.00025869373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871856,0.00021693368,0.00013651483,0.00074866216,0.0000682382,0.00011110401],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021955535,0.00032658366,0.00031200695,0.00013546553,0.00010046779,0.00003697838,0.00029468196,0.00041289735,0.005794887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022140226,0.00027607856,0.00019438224,0.000044234188,0.00005959849,0.000031530883,0.00009422148,0.00022323571,0.018519318],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000442118,0.000007246603,0.0000011280442,0.000009719623,0.00006838953,0.000024731806,0.000028358638,0.0029927734,0.0011114115,0.9864094,0.0050482918,0.0042543295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015641305,0.00002882277,0.00038490104,0.00006083752,0.000022111199,0.0000053225185,0.000008143791,0.00012392204,0.00007789149,0.0084136315,0.9903627,0.0003553059],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016858077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00082361966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9853144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046440673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000072173316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999691},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387424113","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2023.129308","title":"Investigation of system optimization and control logic on a solar geothermal hybrid heat pump system based on integral effect test data","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","keywords":"Engineering; Geothermal gradient; Control logic; Capital cost; Field (mathematics); Reliability engineering; Control engineering; Heat pump; Computer science; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01656643573969961,"score_gpt":0.21405513053087333,"score_spread":0.1974886947911737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387424113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8267355,0.00025943227,0.13795783,0.0016660236,0.001507326,0.0019540088,0.0016321015,0.0035202838,0.02476752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99810725,0.000003971105,0.00011226299,0.00019485585,0.00019486356,0.00020497276,0.00089017826,0.000061659644,0.0002299624],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980966,0.0003319018,0.00044693696,0.0005281414,0.00030986647,0.00028655448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99817926,0.0005366968,0.00018197879,0.0009081124,0.00006821541,0.00012573907],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053341227,0.00027810488,0.00042340494,0.0002318265,0.00015660586,0.000050409148,0.00033102554,0.00012126879,0.000014384063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007382,0.00022502975,0.00006559275,0.00037322176,0.00007423567,0.000106726395,0.0000572864,0.00010161652,0.000039039634],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056566558,0.000021889282,0.0004131833,0.00023820746,0.000036132595,0.000011259204,0.000014991814,0.96032286,0.0036843969,0.03451459,0.000094440176,0.0005915013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012099771,0.00033212596,0.00044914344,0.0005048233,0.000046362293,0.000012278504,0.00006825264,0.9855797,0.010622054,0.00001472809,0.0009579245,0.00020257241],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0068013147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000104777966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17137179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009829367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042641874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387454113","doi":"10.3390/en16196994","title":"Laboratory Investigation of Impact of Injection–Abstraction Rate and Groundwater Flow Velocity on Groundwater Heat Pump Performance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Plume; Groundwater flow; Heat pump; Environmental science; Volumetric flow rate; Thermal; Groundwater discharge; Mechanics; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental engineering; Petroleum engineering; Heat exchanger; Meteorology; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics; Aquifer; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.015350519090520497,"score_gpt":0.23647949544572952,"score_spread":0.22112897635520903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387454113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99899703,0.000019366084,0.000011893821,0.000066519475,0.00013502086,0.00006665145,0.000010781036,0.00009554564,0.00059717934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989912,0.000058094072,0.00004734447,0.000021033586,0.00009609574,0.000048498638,0.000055588218,0.000021492962,0.00066067465],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916464,0.00007121129,0.00028658242,0.00018303994,0.00013651897,0.00015800529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948114,0.000053595195,0.00010356387,0.00021006091,0.00010635143,0.000045310324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023559468,0.000139187,0.00018758581,0.0001668316,0.00010637173,0.000023485429,0.000065590415,0.00009001737,0.000052910742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011879621,0.00011046605,0.000057313016,0.00037961843,0.00010337784,0.00027320036,0.000025152209,0.00007751724,0.000029778716],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039280592,0.000027370133,0.007128016,0.00006947974,0.000053426527,4.1895777e-7,0.0005333979,0.87783897,0.11148861,0.0015320195,0.00014231571,0.0011467184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035407854,0.0003336458,0.73192406,0.00007062501,0.000017401666,0.0000035777734,0.0002079689,0.026830662,0.23852795,0.00044071683,0.0010974924,0.00019184934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009002027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024625336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8510083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005174497,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003534349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975971},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387607605","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2023.1188506","title":"Thermal performance of three horizontal ground heat exchanger systems: comparison of linear-loop, spiral-coil and slinky-coil arrangements","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Energy Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Electromagnetic coil; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Thermal; Mechanical engineering; Heat transfer; Heat transfer coefficient; Spiral (railway); Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.06648363750010242,"score_gpt":0.319244231273327,"score_spread":0.2527605937732246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387607605","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99108684,0.002794476,0.00024695456,0.00007010993,0.00048012898,0.00021673746,0.000020062953,0.000052160674,0.0050325445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99568623,0.00050570664,0.00023302717,0.000006672101,0.00023605977,0.00029791074,0.00005241585,0.00005494167,0.002927023],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971368,0.00023522855,0.00070183224,0.00044026025,0.0008103273,0.00067559053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988661,0.000096854776,0.00012977609,0.00055795995,0.00022200667,0.00012733585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010938586,0.00022543853,0.00062376907,0.0006358145,0.00019130664,0.000029513421,0.00046030642,0.00021825421,0.000035297024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027748132,0.00020764176,0.0000814331,0.001220997,0.00034804747,0.00015998483,0.00023381229,0.0002998264,0.000012802226],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00075895764,0.0007403547,0.41246688,0.0013974526,0.0004976204,0.00002366223,0.0031884024,0.4413356,0.043451957,0.013238686,0.0059654033,0.07693503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029021448,0.0008850337,0.079780154,0.0006957332,0.00003542566,0.0000047246285,0.005791404,0.85152483,0.01410741,0.00024891188,0.043376986,0.0006472653],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03183593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018628691,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4101892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009685103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006432221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97461116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387721583","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122078","title":"Oscillatory thermal response tests to estimate the ground thermal diffusivity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal diffusivity; Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Mechanics; Thermal conduction; Materials science; Thermal transmittance; Heat exchanger; Cylinder; RADIUS; Thermodynamics; Thermal resistance; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Computer science","score_opus":0.014569237273985007,"score_gpt":0.26247265765693983,"score_spread":0.24790342038295482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387721583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94921386,0.00004379236,0.00017748846,0.0015359385,0.00022478127,0.0001931455,0.00001101652,0.00071162655,0.047888346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99044055,0.000004576349,0.00009630211,0.0012872217,0.00044510912,0.0009071366,0.000023816245,0.000109898596,0.006685404],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977155,0.0001703158,0.00038824,0.0005628263,0.00043643202,0.0007266871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99804413,0.00044696295,0.00011893386,0.0011000609,0.000055834756,0.00023406172],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006736871,0.0003497611,0.00030025866,0.00015722968,0.00056026905,0.00011848962,0.000669499,0.00016780313,0.00022647237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046885798,0.00025047958,0.00012671163,0.0010738705,0.00013003,0.00006961989,0.000295794,0.00016395502,0.0014325404],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019647452,0.00006733943,0.000105265295,0.000006005937,0.00005618571,0.000011931982,0.0004538864,0.34407303,0.36039475,0.27185205,0.0011028718,0.02168021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000803062,0.00007965823,0.27854982,0.000023873274,0.000038778344,0.0000120114655,0.00028555424,0.005799647,0.011898789,0.0026407142,0.6990407,0.00082739524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058837994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011831766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6979378,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000745376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000067115005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387896728","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202321118","title":"Optimization of the Thermal Performance of a CO2 Geothermal Thermosyphon","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermosiphon; Heat transfer; Response surface methodology; Geothermal gradient; Volumetric flow rate; Materials science; Inlet; Thermodynamics; Fluid dynamics; Thermal; Flow (mathematics); Heat transfer fluid; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Physics; Chromatography","score_opus":0.011016910810726465,"score_gpt":0.20617566094379614,"score_spread":0.19515875013306966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387896728","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93628746,0.000011822825,0.00012145051,0.00014418438,0.00007583606,0.00011873938,0.0000043499876,0.000072066665,0.0631641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940085,0.000012091977,0.00013977653,0.0000420171,0.000039058785,0.000034601482,0.0000058765095,0.000021752772,0.0056963526],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99924815,0.000040936793,0.00027330188,0.00011232719,0.00017859269,0.0001467153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993455,0.000032593518,0.00015753708,0.00037386612,0.00006975736,0.00002078178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013781287,0.00008782467,0.0001349453,0.000042865577,0.000067145666,0.000004544414,0.00025847103,0.000057670564,0.00067861326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000080708,0.000054083233,0.0000827613,0.00049074634,0.00007725916,0.000053700092,0.000057663463,0.000045839744,0.00004336297],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009889565,0.000023584716,0.0026580761,0.00002235553,0.000018287064,6.161834e-8,0.00017997672,0.94983894,0.030620972,0.014953188,0.000047223293,0.0016274797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004833708,0.000055046596,0.13436194,0.000056396373,0.000020102949,0.0000023487778,0.00021383866,0.7576265,0.10321432,0.00005180477,0.0037474544,0.00016688553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022141652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000060078946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19221242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000078439225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026712823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7430339},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388055406","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2023.109240","title":"Simulation of borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems using simplified methods","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Thermal energy; Mechanics; Petroleum engineering; Thermodynamics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.046985364505542006,"score_gpt":0.3250604752660959,"score_spread":0.27807511076055386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388055406","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61439645,0.001343708,0.37648052,0.00011067261,0.0018168557,0.00009392038,0.000031024338,0.00012965033,0.00559722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946579,0.000035101762,0.001696999,0.00007188855,0.0011113448,0.00001270047,0.000019601513,0.000099799305,0.0022947066],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99610215,0.000743071,0.0016314726,0.0003134249,0.0007598824,0.00045000992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957494,0.0008172986,0.0018918697,0.00064911146,0.0006580197,0.00023429174],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015942969,0.0003363551,0.00085992145,0.00070823234,0.00018294551,0.00008213297,0.0005687381,0.00027309073,0.00009036594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023242648,0.00028613667,0.00042439654,0.0012296642,0.00008295916,0.00035573498,0.00010833978,0.0002139752,0.0000066388993],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004679499,0.000075082906,0.000054047618,0.00002543001,0.00017725535,0.000037630256,0.00013726519,0.8827552,0.071253575,0.041571047,0.00018768545,0.0036789782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007769753,0.00013425437,0.0010534335,0.00011039363,0.00010101419,0.00004312704,0.0003686214,0.8134801,0.005184592,0.0008335795,0.17756714,0.00034681667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004391256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008143454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38026142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018653691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015200493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388060035","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2023.109375","title":"Effect of groundwater flow on thermal performance of SBTES systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Water table; Environmental science; Thermal; Flow (mathematics); Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Mechanics; Aquifer; Meteorology; Geography","score_opus":0.008701858359825515,"score_gpt":0.2213849315366556,"score_spread":0.21268307317683008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388060035","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938427,0.00021716156,0.000093694245,0.000036060123,0.00056606956,0.000043979813,0.0000049659084,0.000023703447,0.005171628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972321,0.000054579185,0.00002219565,0.000014525845,0.0003822699,0.000014614378,0.000005609681,0.000034794895,0.0022393134],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837947,0.00019347171,0.00068829797,0.00011860185,0.0004061243,0.00021400762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859977,0.00022067335,0.00065371103,0.00029174722,0.00015721575,0.0000768982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069751684,0.00017390956,0.00050972216,0.00026748286,0.00005520925,0.000014808991,0.00028968317,0.00010188301,0.000063745865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026356862,0.00011726565,0.00021818193,0.00033955972,0.000053656953,0.0001251265,0.00003197631,0.0001236548,0.000018706438],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021974463,0.00007680011,0.0006349425,0.00017499871,0.00014910146,0.000017768058,0.000103341226,0.9474219,0.03753498,0.007528708,0.00031775792,0.005819925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0062238076,0.015296768,0.030491928,0.0024596069,0.0003754048,0.00027769298,0.00035739774,0.2679399,0.5046596,0.000108408814,0.17067455,0.0011349306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011203324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020749614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67948204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039955135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033609165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47819543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388194229","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102846","title":"Geothermal heat pumps to reduce diesel consumption in an off-grid subarctic community: Comparison of solar assisted systems with optional underground energy storage","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Cégep de Jonquière; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Thermal energy storage; Renewable heat; Subarctic climate; Geothermal heating; Renewable energy; Energy storage; Heat pump; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Hybrid heat","score_opus":0.059318256589665525,"score_gpt":0.3009978260047284,"score_spread":0.24167956941506288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388194229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964985,0.00018213154,0.0013004959,0.000183515,0.00024417255,0.00032769365,0.00008606898,0.00023112098,0.0009462524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976547,0.00003149123,0.0001300818,0.00010774085,0.0001694176,0.00028921093,0.00036266487,0.0001097413,0.0011449906],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972695,0.0006097263,0.00072597864,0.00039647115,0.0004598798,0.0005384358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99828565,0.00022904541,0.00022667207,0.0008917071,0.00016525546,0.00020169643],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006034759,0.0003365373,0.00060079794,0.00037925402,0.0003202099,0.000095883486,0.00048520352,0.00021341983,0.00007794171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000199647,0.00032167867,0.000077703895,0.0008272625,0.00016495342,0.00022877862,0.000100143705,0.00033596408,0.00008641495],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016065812,0.00048345776,0.011981314,0.00013282523,0.00009095521,0.000008008303,0.0012570133,0.9486353,0.018192006,0.016793732,0.00008307215,0.0021816844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033699814,0.0009065453,0.33740398,0.00072966545,0.00011684707,0.000108965316,0.01095224,0.61749256,0.0020286061,0.0003979124,0.02500364,0.0014890721],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06441169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.026559278,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33114272,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023118635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000964007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388424910","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2023.2279468","title":"New formulations and experimental validation of non-stationary convolutions for the fast simulation of time-variant flowrates in ground heat exchangers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Work (physics); Computer science; Advection; Profitability index; Heat pump; Thermal; Flow (mathematics); Representation (politics); Heat transfer; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.016511096663733935,"score_gpt":0.26177430160871024,"score_spread":0.2452632049449763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388424910","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9474433,0.00030466914,0.048499413,0.0027079124,0.000040403396,0.00090684515,0.0000342923,0.000022621785,0.000040545554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99857485,0.000043894735,0.00076079235,0.000009060609,0.000011494343,0.0003411528,0.000014858256,0.000005551297,0.00023837226],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944466,0.0000052123737,0.00016991944,0.000150869,0.00010687314,0.00012245809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950147,0.00022047003,0.00006115887,0.00017747901,0.000022931617,0.000016499329],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002843275,0.000060923492,0.0000813309,0.00014557333,0.00031266865,0.000008944247,0.00013261399,0.000044956345,0.000011090979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024847974,0.00004132501,0.00001805851,0.00036989266,0.0004212446,0.00009478718,0.00006058856,0.000024566238,0.0000019242304],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011020792,0.000030094092,0.00023157227,0.000008462704,0.0000150188425,4.3197026e-8,0.0006046978,0.79377025,0.17400736,0.023987478,0.000022406448,0.007311588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005506065,0.00010633892,0.0080706915,0.000013071352,0.00002354098,0.000001797864,0.0018487273,0.9181887,0.061148666,0.007205112,0.0027657796,0.00007696058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051403785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003891666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.124418445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003161193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026084095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24048261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388465210","doi":"10.3390/geosciences13110340","title":"Slip Activation Potential of Fractures in the Crystalline Basement Rocks of Kuujjuaq (Nunavik, Canada) to Assess Enhanced Geothermal Systems Development","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geosciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Slip (aerodynamics); Outcrop; Fluid pressure; Mining engineering; Petrology; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geochemistry; Geophysics; Mechanics; Engineering","score_opus":0.01977401474442052,"score_gpt":0.25610958744357354,"score_spread":0.236335572699153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388465210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921533,0.000018029876,0.0058728745,0.0003315535,0.00014911318,0.00025119525,0.000012108074,0.000016487453,0.0011953808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990388,0.0000027416972,0.000112665104,0.000100223035,0.00005400087,0.00015898031,0.000016378737,0.000006819094,0.00050938805],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983542,0.00007169782,0.0004225908,0.0002154364,0.00068648445,0.00024961255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938226,0.000080265556,0.00019701254,0.00020998389,0.000086346925,0.000044130065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005469742,0.00010851389,0.0001762286,0.00011928831,0.00012232998,0.000025716217,0.00041298452,0.000040223982,0.000051789008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030834515,0.00007414763,0.000025663821,0.0007560304,0.00003778147,0.00006684748,0.000046207566,0.000054055694,0.0000031429413],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007631993,0.000041210475,0.0005282004,0.000034810237,0.000008905064,0.0000010322805,0.000781515,0.9288046,0.0658908,0.0010087725,0.0000787995,0.0028137355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00049169804,0.00010691588,0.7020982,0.00025245175,0.000012349497,0.0000026974778,0.013497625,0.05673995,0.17498158,0.00011607689,0.05127572,0.0004247322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.89011264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.49194983,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87206465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005794778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038691604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51732075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388736116","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113754","title":"Development of a novel cement-based grout with enhanced thermal and sealing performance for borehole heat exchangers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Grout; Borehole; Cement; Gypsum; Heat exchanger; Geotechnical engineering; Portland cement; Materials science; Compressive strength; Thermal conductivity; Shrinkage; Composite material; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.02021671509590529,"score_gpt":0.22921792331416194,"score_spread":0.20900120821825666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388736116","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9818374,0.0000662707,0.017212477,0.00010731921,0.000026798747,0.000086694155,0.0000056942044,0.00006257295,0.0005947709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98879737,0.000017672688,0.010176335,0.00010633862,0.000049842984,0.00025634558,0.000036393212,0.000024983767,0.0005347236],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992314,0.000006073536,0.00019056787,0.00023184996,0.00011117894,0.00022891807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996867,0.000037625723,0.00006520418,0.00010753323,0.000042359025,0.00006055531],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013963786,0.0001359676,0.00016386161,0.000081698825,0.0002039325,0.000017972538,0.00006864322,0.000054127813,0.0000089612695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002996375,0.00010897138,0.000022426446,0.00018670199,0.000053277334,0.00006523741,0.000029548477,0.00002761479,4.593154e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002075836,0.000096328804,0.0003546448,0.00028970305,0.00011011608,6.196453e-7,0.0018793824,0.12425896,0.7783523,0.035651032,0.000043505624,0.05875581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034976846,0.0002253725,0.0037925907,0.00034804607,0.00003801047,0.0000034152547,0.0007156489,0.08710352,0.74139494,0.000031449166,0.16231197,0.00053734216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059894205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023632449,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16226847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013383195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003334114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44437236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388924020","doi":"10.31224/3360","title":"Exploiting heat gains along horizontal connection pipes in existing borehole heat exchanger fields","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Connection (principal bundle); Heat exchanger; Plate fin heat exchanger; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Plate heat exchanger; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.08603143120601722,"score_gpt":0.29949189236730306,"score_spread":0.21346046116128584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388924020","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9018771,0.00024914285,0.0067254337,0.0012244997,0.0014645796,0.00056131545,0.000043819215,0.0010061518,0.086847976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891092,0.0000560116,0.00043853626,0.00016144445,0.0012112014,0.00093406835,0.0002799647,0.00011067418,0.0076988623],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976337,0.00011114868,0.00069627137,0.00078375736,0.00025461175,0.0005204881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895185,0.00017779645,0.00009736706,0.0005891503,0.000072475086,0.00011134852],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000386761,0.00039167286,0.00049269025,0.00026976445,0.00019341575,0.00012913562,0.00028115153,0.00052823743,0.0002491144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007613179,0.0003952312,0.00019425283,0.0002838324,0.000033936023,0.00009913146,0.0004366931,0.00062725204,0.00015930865],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028213888,0.00019775068,0.0051633576,0.00054727244,0.00015646768,0.00010302837,0.0031860743,0.8940842,0.0065257344,0.07712158,0.002248791,0.010637505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005361664,0.00050298707,0.053703297,0.0077086915,0.0002698262,0.00018405427,0.04104627,0.65961623,0.036013782,0.0385319,0.14821984,0.008841439],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.35170993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1261266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23446798,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001897711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055668283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388931161","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202385005","title":"Feasibility Assessment of Using a Geothermal System in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities (Fort Liard, Northwest Territories)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Geothermal gradient; Greenhouse gas; Electrification; Renewable energy; Environmental engineering; Electricity; Environmental protection; Waste management; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.03352460922553501,"score_gpt":0.27204740157341467,"score_spread":0.23852279234787965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388931161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873714,0.0000095715795,0.00014200674,0.0000592224,0.00019868417,0.00023353694,0.00010331246,0.00011256032,0.011769707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991585,0.0000024720869,0.0002826052,0.000023060196,0.00007253131,0.000022710376,0.00010051734,0.000034744917,0.00030282862],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998419,0.00013255686,0.00060112175,0.00018782025,0.00032536723,0.00033414457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888396,0.00007827039,0.00016992539,0.00067489105,0.00011449399,0.00007843709],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033027944,0.00018051584,0.0003646788,0.00010177545,0.00013022286,0.000019200814,0.00029660814,0.00006789638,0.000070447015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048202232,0.0001651781,0.00006820567,0.0004068739,0.00004937177,0.00007249422,0.000095388685,0.00013635594,0.000004728582],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000052181535,0.000024830004,0.69628805,0.000118281954,0.000027634489,0.000008831354,0.0002513841,0.29663956,0.0001546048,0.0059344145,0.000006038713,0.00054113474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039783862,0.000011645341,0.7316737,0.0001381922,0.000012628922,0.000009501067,0.011882437,0.25280014,0.000090869464,0.000026961334,0.0027331624,0.0002229076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99989814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99994045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0438394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010780082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011981891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6735768},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389493854","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4658381","title":"A Numerical Study on the Intermittent Operation of U-Tube and Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchangers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Coaxial; Borehole; Tube (container); Mechanics; Materials science; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.02754629047401657,"score_gpt":0.2699020414502915,"score_spread":0.24235575097627493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389493854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921711,0.00050912146,0.0021956703,0.0033851538,0.0004070942,0.00058077415,0.000008830277,0.000051389557,0.0006908313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99772733,0.00037873778,0.0000052133273,0.000074630334,0.00048671346,0.00017501094,0.000011878693,0.000050110142,0.001090389],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99782515,0.0002644484,0.00045767226,0.00032022755,0.00033074163,0.0008017874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992056,0.00007732985,0.00019471394,0.00038410537,0.00007527576,0.000062983396],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011805338,0.00023885693,0.00033585058,0.000108901135,0.00020980679,0.0000862042,0.00036842065,0.0001307544,0.000028319848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033762557,0.00015914203,0.00014221226,0.00011142937,0.000051059167,0.000032386062,0.0001732874,0.0018626022,0.000024375155],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033696997,0.0014827882,0.0038590992,0.00008578096,0.0026664108,0.0000197571,0.008025229,0.44932568,0.00233843,0.5004906,0.00076369796,0.030605562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0134174,0.016835686,0.14488551,0.0022976405,0.0018674581,0.0015799566,0.1741065,0.14207923,0.0033648727,0.46563792,0.02845347,0.0054743397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008470116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023850584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30724645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033756657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048637806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389504783","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2023.119790","title":"Optimizing vertical ground heat exchanger modelling through GPU-accelerated computation strategies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Fast Fourier transform; Computer science; Graphics processing unit; Central processing unit; Computational science; Parallel computing; Reduction (mathematics); Supercomputer; Computation; General-purpose computing on graphics processing units; Graphics; Computer hardware; Algorithm; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.06064049465396107,"score_gpt":0.27455982355016084,"score_spread":0.21391932889619977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389504783","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21100792,0.0005507173,0.7119887,0.00035505064,0.0004833631,0.00012733522,0.0000076092406,0.0012859367,0.074193396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919867,0.00021286133,0.0024670544,0.00016728695,0.0003928561,0.00016002216,0.0002733648,0.00008447989,0.0042553903],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981578,0.000087550936,0.00041373802,0.00047305058,0.00029329152,0.0005745476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931353,0.00009220859,0.000046715384,0.00031908753,0.000111760644,0.000116694835],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001268335,0.00027190146,0.00031169184,0.0001267967,0.00037035844,0.00022764459,0.00019563592,0.00018479806,0.00017048206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005458575,0.0002649162,0.000103909086,0.00092523015,0.00006140358,0.00044986108,0.000072871175,0.00009015856,0.00012748032],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012447749,0.000034188033,0.000002027842,0.000018114568,0.000043838212,0.000009931102,0.00033782932,0.9210403,0.013953421,0.06377301,0.00041693173,0.00035795412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035434868,0.000031457814,0.00001819968,0.00004361184,0.000018196182,0.00000754262,0.00078089983,0.93477905,0.006418138,0.009342642,0.047893535,0.00031237685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21775436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030303027,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78097874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008108578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007721843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998033},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389574666","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2023-0270","title":"Field test on cross-sectional behaviors of a retaining energy pile subjected to horizontal loads","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Field (mathematics); Test (biology); Structural engineering; Engineering; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.017561450384503893,"score_gpt":0.2622601585796033,"score_spread":0.24469870819509937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389574666","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930606,0.000015295329,0.0004272454,0.0009867431,0.00031582275,0.00008359214,0.000072767,0.00012963796,0.004908279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99736166,0.000005887402,0.000052792784,0.0005569343,0.00042887134,0.000047814654,0.00002729076,0.000037180263,0.0014815871],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99830866,0.000039518767,0.00052076846,0.0002691489,0.00032091202,0.00054101495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983948,0.00018995817,0.00012677713,0.0003070305,0.0001655962,0.00081585004],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029236925,0.00016685197,0.00021479765,0.00049989583,0.0003338368,0.0000859508,0.000381714,0.00027243703,0.0006579452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003032301,0.00016435208,0.0001666474,0.0007963313,0.000055143722,0.00006110635,0.00003966999,0.00042976747,0.00013697847],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030492485,0.00038238615,0.12008808,0.000030131147,0.00021246514,0.0010739263,0.0002995585,0.5538268,0.088630036,0.15000165,0.0341352,0.05101485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014581509,0.002451182,0.54269016,0.00020054217,0.000038133814,0.00069453404,0.00017878371,0.0059572775,0.016010413,0.0017280257,0.4276124,0.0009804352],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18378997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06891415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5478695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025436864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038785668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9480757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389584939","doi":"10.17118/11143/21008","title":"Effect of length scale on expressing the results of unsteady naturalconvective heat transfer from thin horizontal plates of simple and complexshapes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Heat transfer; Scale (ratio); Convection; Mechanics; Natural convection; Length scale; Meteorology; Computer science; Optics; Physics","score_opus":0.01219167021746814,"score_gpt":0.24501622172239607,"score_spread":0.23282455150492792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389584939","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928994,0.00008367177,0.000026330816,0.000099726625,0.00003422026,0.0001846953,0.00020668158,0.000042884767,0.006422346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997313,0.000009371187,0.000021812451,0.0000109083685,0.00003125143,0.000018758385,0.00005946734,0.000014623386,0.00010250903],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990604,0.000142881,0.00032554384,0.00018927758,0.00015952569,0.00012235202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859864,0.0010703722,0.000042207997,0.00022313237,0.000038723032,0.000026902295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022836322,0.00012556917,0.0003136713,0.000049140468,0.000069764654,0.0000080365135,0.00012510145,0.00007053308,0.000031040418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021807133,0.00007260031,0.000079386205,0.00016943798,0.00012634395,0.000048654394,0.000035722453,0.00008240823,0.0000033669844],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008933462,0.00008703459,0.0006398212,0.00012748293,0.00022935886,9.500516e-7,0.0046815546,0.03486639,0.92597204,0.021541785,0.00027553097,0.010684705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014969043,0.00044321734,0.010560555,0.00012172044,0.00003520224,8.5893083e-7,0.0011817353,0.017566133,0.9674376,0.0005333987,0.0005111009,0.00011156504],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038998052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017174714,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.041465566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000071408112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000070470364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9674013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389669503","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4663176","title":"Exergoenvironmental Assessment of a High-temperature Based Geothermal System: A Case Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.007570641585917325,"score_gpt":0.24572727960721644,"score_spread":0.2381566380212991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389669503","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99849516,0.00010028822,0.00025335344,0.00011732951,0.00014466222,0.0002980633,0.000011352147,0.00010969569,0.0004701116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981259,0.000031498377,0.000047649537,0.000018720088,0.00022690909,0.00011366878,0.000013971587,0.000057831716,0.0013638178],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99727535,0.00022597476,0.00049781747,0.00027471274,0.00040770925,0.0013184228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918467,0.00004285531,0.00026399372,0.00036480278,0.00004250787,0.0001011781],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011765861,0.00022038085,0.0003281801,0.00018342973,0.00031169242,0.000041680705,0.00025007047,0.00009445144,0.00008565522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000045361917,0.000185194,0.00014946531,0.00041394567,0.000037383255,0.00008929839,0.000043241413,0.00082191173,0.000044309603],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009028039,0.0016774781,0.011169808,0.00011620447,0.0012990502,0.0023497208,0.0007016555,0.45443156,0.027032567,0.49618292,0.00010349588,0.0048452364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.038174547,0.009886044,0.10972487,0.0007222624,0.0018449976,0.08517134,0.6100431,0.11700191,0.0044106506,0.011651369,0.0068640537,0.0045048227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012485648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005229758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6093415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007592186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070086913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9940903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389921050","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2023.102898","title":"Thermal analysis of borehole thermal energy storage in unsaturated soil","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal gradient; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.012983985765968094,"score_gpt":0.229236529344283,"score_spread":0.21625254357831492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389921050","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824232,0.000095074,0.000106007305,0.00014190181,0.00009253757,0.00007185666,0.000051408388,0.00019338341,0.016824659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99487853,0.000030698822,0.000028406479,0.00016088903,0.00008732713,0.00007094515,0.00018742964,0.000060721006,0.0044950675],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982956,0.0001221419,0.0005239315,0.00035493422,0.0002560275,0.00044734796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989225,0.00008782394,0.00021225277,0.00062406796,0.00007418859,0.000079136815],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027728177,0.00022875411,0.00047775134,0.0006739773,0.000069844966,0.00002333018,0.00036376514,0.00018458861,0.00047044613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014562657,0.00020811553,0.00023422799,0.0038109242,0.000086525186,0.00008578472,0.000067056775,0.00012679867,0.00007897126],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021213771,0.00007143803,0.002075141,0.000008525149,0.000350797,0.0000129086875,0.00048337277,0.9182235,0.04899668,0.02322422,0.000056845565,0.0064753494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009490105,0.000044500706,0.24795248,0.000032759526,0.00029173997,0.0000014061529,0.0005903414,0.71462667,0.008129848,0.0003523967,0.026436996,0.0005918595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.031906813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009370423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24587734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055247656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054967008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9745398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389936092","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2023.2295823","title":"Optimal discretization of geothermal boreholes for the calculation of <i>g</i> -functions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Discretization; Geology; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Applied mathematics; Mathematics; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.01258942922179973,"score_gpt":0.23320811196656843,"score_spread":0.2206186827447687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389936092","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8821999,0.00035594724,0.10524411,0.010753635,0.00010785655,0.0009778865,0.00006448261,0.00007249962,0.00022367561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99850994,0.000073857766,0.00038961295,0.000015682717,0.000019269819,0.00045839968,0.000007670385,0.0000071834306,0.00051837246],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994234,0.0000043956343,0.00015074969,0.0001480637,0.00013414198,0.0001392718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994556,0.000107031075,0.00009985632,0.0002920516,0.000033282777,0.000012194053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038203815,0.000057483307,0.00007487287,0.00008558356,0.0004002686,0.000006711553,0.0002441428,0.000047844784,0.000004751204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004106042,0.000032760363,0.000032438653,0.0004109369,0.001102373,0.000043434757,0.00006593591,0.000028217799,0.0000025146724],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011969261,0.000029639183,0.00065652485,0.000014021156,0.000029154147,2.3470804e-8,0.00014714213,0.42862,0.11714206,0.41987163,0.00010286409,0.033374958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091153727,0.00028568474,0.03612353,0.0000277552,0.00016347275,0.000005632525,0.0031533674,0.5171433,0.14443015,0.010862299,0.28665832,0.00023495371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001970535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025380332,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40900934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013279563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017836594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40617394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389940948","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2023.2295822","title":"A variable speed water-to-water heat pump model used for ground-source applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Variable (mathematics); Heat pump; Environmental science; Groundwater; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Geotechnical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.016995216691840245,"score_gpt":0.23214126259267834,"score_spread":0.21514604590083808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389940948","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62364113,0.00004523832,0.3467451,0.025890954,0.000075247895,0.0027495984,0.00004463691,0.0004366714,0.00037140265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847137,0.00001503231,0.0026700525,0.00024004174,0.000044440178,0.0048184316,0.00002125802,0.000027195874,0.007449846],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865925,0.000004250575,0.00017487389,0.00045063326,0.0001756272,0.0005353475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992081,0.000040766496,0.0000198974,0.0006339673,0.000027282245,0.00007002109],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005779456,0.0001298495,0.00013191048,0.00018820427,0.0009915384,0.000048530568,0.00057684444,0.000095210016,0.000016292306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010292813,0.000074096664,0.00003410514,0.00037441097,0.00049501075,0.0000694728,0.00027249003,0.00005867495,0.00016935219],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000042747993,0.000029712313,0.000013086058,0.000008521315,0.000013662343,5.6812645e-8,0.0001592226,0.29689047,0.5890941,0.11047301,0.00005965145,0.0032542415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031330125,0.0000571518,0.000023810933,0.0000040045416,0.000026049494,0.0000044303247,0.0002959316,0.25063866,0.1511015,0.05741796,0.53995395,0.00016325926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000299447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021762375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5398943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006283997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001758061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76262116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390615389","doi":"10.1080/21650373.2023.2299365","title":"Development and characterization of volume-stabilized grouts used for borehole heat exchangers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Gypsum; Cement; Materials science; Grout; Compressive strength; Composite material; Heat exchanger; Thermal stability; Ternary operation; Portland cement; Borehole; Volume (thermodynamics); Mineralogy; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.014349894949379428,"score_gpt":0.23936434822606067,"score_spread":0.22501445327668124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390615389","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925033,0.00015166013,0.006018638,0.0005003446,0.0002775474,0.0004348171,0.000033895914,0.000024187715,0.00005563652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962496,0.0000144821815,0.0016026805,0.000055610744,0.00017149471,0.0001510915,0.0000846098,0.000037891725,0.0016325236],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855554,0.000055003475,0.0007756671,0.00015280125,0.0001987511,0.0002622358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991586,0.00004305639,0.0002814315,0.00012299944,0.000314484,0.00007941567],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00078953564,0.00015037342,0.00036235273,0.00022430657,0.000091686765,0.0001304565,0.00010090877,0.00007053393,0.00028894504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024413339,0.00012639778,0.000066460256,0.00015106854,0.000032895998,0.0002297446,0.000025273486,0.000035185505,0.000002166967],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016193472,0.00008138926,0.00002587047,0.0015383987,0.00009024299,0.00001433147,0.00072446204,0.0009259931,0.9806015,0.014921192,0.000099779616,0.0008148906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012272662,0.00015469977,0.0003571854,0.00021202165,0.00006130346,0.0000056644835,0.0014611948,0.00039770096,0.65822595,0.00014907414,0.33759448,0.00015347352],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025217605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007205994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3374947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015102829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024211488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51543516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390726025","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.130323","title":"Geological context and thermo-economic study of an indirect heat ORC geothermal power plant for the northeast region of Algeria","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Electricity; Electricity generation; Renewable energy; Profitability index; Context (archaeology); Geothermal power; Payback period; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Production (economics); Environmental engineering; Engineering; Environmental economics; Economics; Power (physics); Geology","score_opus":0.017780646094760294,"score_gpt":0.2306316506764677,"score_spread":0.21285100458170741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390726025","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964912,0.0008616353,0.00016742885,0.00016399051,0.0001760243,0.00020963671,0.000043787546,0.000046856585,0.0018394499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99890196,0.000029473716,0.000010157295,0.000046048866,0.0001304391,0.00020286381,0.00001968121,0.00003165757,0.00062770286],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990419,0.00008688129,0.00033584714,0.00028382486,0.000081600265,0.00016991649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929744,0.00020908772,0.00007616317,0.0003410156,0.000025928377,0.00005038012],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014126848,0.00015365874,0.00028420793,0.00005647113,0.000085215564,0.000023709696,0.0001881517,0.00008345515,0.00014214951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000052651812,0.00009604741,0.0000756065,0.00006865797,0.00010090347,0.000058910333,0.000041230163,0.000053792188,0.0000025697298],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00052279653,0.00083033904,0.0021134818,0.00007280891,0.0009703562,0.000034083565,0.0056100804,0.08551928,0.008884618,0.82939255,0.00034154503,0.06570807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006147745,0.0058086207,0.111374296,0.00029689478,0.0005014171,0.0005890685,0.01826794,0.21532954,0.0072439066,0.0048707896,0.62806976,0.0015000293],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03602199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012247957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8245218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016401718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003214087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97039723},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390950142","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24763","title":"Investigation of enhanced geothermal system in the Basal Cambrian Sandstone Unit, Alberta, Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heliyon","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Hydraulic fracturing; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal energy; Natural gas; Geology; Permeability (electromagnetism); Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Thermal energy; Mining engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Paleontology; Chemistry","score_opus":0.01111525890496491,"score_gpt":0.21004229657545626,"score_spread":0.19892703767049136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390950142","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96771646,0.0006238594,0.00007898554,0.00050964835,0.00023034001,0.00015147403,0.000014363311,0.000033460794,0.03064142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99677783,0.000011960383,0.00001509267,0.00020057609,0.00013921951,0.00009965315,0.000022876082,0.000021287427,0.0027115091],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990525,0.00010519452,0.00029731897,0.0001728663,0.00020061078,0.00017150615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994807,0.00012834287,0.00005714173,0.0002623212,0.000029950357,0.00004154598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017697191,0.00010994652,0.00014237963,0.000059499867,0.000049207494,0.000024507863,0.00016446692,0.000059660866,0.00006857003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009594741,0.000080240425,0.000034824603,0.00035809225,0.00003219439,0.000052788128,0.000012485425,0.00010126907,0.000029460052],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036166595,0.000035666024,0.004000788,0.003417843,0.000115982606,0.000046628877,0.006137286,0.04373273,0.13907114,0.798639,0.0009243257,0.003842462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019684157,0.00018068381,0.24599487,0.006731798,0.00014078304,0.00010782981,0.01383824,0.040624265,0.18267135,0.00048392132,0.5058218,0.0014360193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.94867784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9639664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79815507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008473221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024881732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32721096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390970666","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2023.2299172","title":"Simulation and performance assessment of a heat pump coupled to a sub-slab thermal storage system","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Slab; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Energy consumption; Parametric statistics; Thermal energy storage; Sensitivity (control systems); Heat recovery ventilation; Apartment; Air conditioning; Engineering; Civil engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010914305770405398,"score_gpt":0.24966832118169455,"score_spread":0.23875401541128916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390970666","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99015296,0.0004257939,0.0075442744,0.0011840869,0.00005948294,0.00043026218,0.0000060757834,0.000066872715,0.00013017155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99924874,0.000035827896,0.0002579989,0.00002065651,0.000017737486,0.00030140608,8.1261635e-7,0.000009187586,0.00010760948],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999198,0.0000063683656,0.00015384579,0.00027461778,0.00018641003,0.00018075683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995542,0.00006804421,0.000029015233,0.00029169596,0.000019909643,0.000037097183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046161423,0.00009120951,0.000112646536,0.00013621624,0.00027802447,0.000031657743,0.00019648814,0.000056092897,0.000005263934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009515106,0.000060098715,0.000016626796,0.00030354687,0.00042418725,0.0000779043,0.000117683696,0.00005884916,0.0000050224107],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007065293,0.000022515633,0.0006414976,0.00009482693,0.00002469073,6.553385e-7,0.00013234129,0.68305564,0.21997702,0.0688342,0.0000020546238,0.027207484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000118818156,0.00013395504,0.0072133034,0.000045487253,0.000021829428,0.0000055525556,0.00024259831,0.97628164,0.008854853,0.000098960794,0.00690362,0.00007940329],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000151736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011353203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29322597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008544536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032767257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24507545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391472693","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122757","title":"Integrated technological and economic feasibility comparisons of enhanced geothermal systems associated with carbon storage","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Virtual Materials Group (Canada); University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Carbon fibers; Environmental science; Environmental economics; Process engineering; Waste management; Natural resource economics; Engineering; Economics; Computer science; Climate change; Geology","score_opus":0.013888344293694623,"score_gpt":0.2180568240686481,"score_spread":0.20416847977495348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391472693","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9281042,0.0005069788,0.005035438,0.000045083743,0.0000985696,0.0001854409,0.000044318094,0.00045284844,0.065527126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981207,0.000016399235,0.00006630398,0.000014146193,0.00003329871,0.00026080283,0.00005130994,0.000032834665,0.0014041958],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868363,0.00005938177,0.00039767634,0.000478737,0.00011403433,0.00026654708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992544,0.00014175735,0.00012274155,0.00037677112,0.000037284623,0.00006704259],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018364376,0.00024559326,0.00045620173,0.00012794384,0.00006221683,0.000050951923,0.00017999271,0.00024818795,0.00003570382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008488809,0.00018852227,0.000047611466,0.00030875637,0.00024908132,0.00003298181,0.00005278973,0.00015981439,0.000004014972],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042059346,0.000101056794,0.00013683729,0.00005699452,0.00021768035,0.0000023266105,0.000045242126,0.17122228,0.023546802,0.802193,0.000058763162,0.0023769552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026039039,0.00038036902,0.0066005983,0.0008082896,0.00029931165,0.000019677424,0.00173068,0.8493461,0.052257665,0.00313145,0.08115416,0.0016677764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019147918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027153909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79906154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016406928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008924153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98738366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391527894","doi":"10.1115/imece2023-112353","title":"A Comparative Study of the Long-Term Performance of Vertical U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger and Foundation Piles in a Cold Climate","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Foundation (evidence); Heat exchanger; Tube (container); Term (time); Geotechnical engineering; Cold climate; Geology; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Climatology; Law","score_opus":0.03671827179163403,"score_gpt":0.28664204717815883,"score_spread":0.2499237753865248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391527894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979606,0.000010981213,0.0000041030135,0.00005197577,0.000023934683,0.00026986556,0.0000020657778,0.000017451908,0.0016589861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99963754,0.000015484142,0.000005201383,0.000012712298,0.000011555473,0.00010918199,0.0000038833446,0.000005871325,0.00019855455],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993925,0.000049384766,0.00022336493,0.0001132917,0.00011113318,0.00011031294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970514,0.000042344032,0.000029005121,0.00017257173,0.000032801505,0.000018128867],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011316216,0.00006447404,0.00016373514,0.000048246795,0.000049271828,0.0000076162705,0.000076186574,0.000024896259,0.00003746095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029852617,0.00004275634,0.000017814626,0.00030948094,0.00005443547,0.000051827355,0.00006689992,0.000037798054,0.000010632821],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009026903,0.00094452046,0.8705859,0.00018610465,0.000065479675,0.0000011413293,0.008551347,0.033670858,0.050140098,0.034916,0.000053729367,0.00079452206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005748875,0.00015012923,0.9651667,0.00004502444,0.000009527399,6.242115e-7,0.0012002186,0.019354984,0.0133332135,0.000010602726,0.00009769296,0.00005642745],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024128563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0070572183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09458073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010837379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000828283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39380935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391550781","doi":"10.1115/imece2023-113084","title":"Thermal Performance of a Geothermal Source High-Temperature Heat Pump for District Heating – Comparison of Single-Stage and Cascade Vapor Compression Cycles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Cascade; Stage (stratigraphy); Geothermal gradient; Heat pump; Single stage; Compression (physics); Vapor-compression refrigeration; Thermal; Water heating; Air source heat pumps; Geothermal heating; Materials science; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Nuclear engineering; Geothermal energy; Geology; Engineering; Gas compressor; Waste management; Physics; Composite material; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.023259266416622168,"score_gpt":0.26026299806005065,"score_spread":0.23700373164342847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391550781","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99848485,0.00010173405,0.00013530185,0.00010403495,0.000052270185,0.0002631937,0.000087060034,0.00011673754,0.00065481506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977776,0.000010263832,0.00025493553,0.000024636312,0.00008647032,0.0000748644,0.00011879607,0.00003955033,0.0016128833],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987729,0.00004162925,0.0004846217,0.000250381,0.00018126634,0.00026919346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991811,0.00024805462,0.0001718464,0.00026123735,0.000069103415,0.00006866179],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012999374,0.00018333667,0.00040208414,0.00008219973,0.00018021863,0.000021592903,0.00014969619,0.00012911117,0.000049198574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019379448,0.00014283933,0.000081216356,0.00024014783,0.00008521768,0.00008804481,0.00006968113,0.000089220666,0.0000024465712],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000626857,0.00009885932,0.0049398616,0.00022459596,0.000034207525,2.8601707e-7,0.00050869497,0.44621867,0.54077965,0.001851621,0.000059730897,0.0052211513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010924437,0.00024990327,0.037866507,0.00019375722,0.00003236336,0.0000028165614,0.00137057,0.36133698,0.59233975,0.000010581052,0.005223542,0.00028077763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0074671833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020466681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.084881686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014630338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001463633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99914217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391589878","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.130497","title":"Numerical investigation of the long-term thermal performance of a novel thermo-active foundation pile coupled with a ground source heat pump in a cold-climate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pile; Foundation (evidence); Heat pump; Offset (computer science); Slab; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Pile cap; Thermal; Structural engineering; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology","score_opus":0.013108726863014683,"score_gpt":0.21996558666492524,"score_spread":0.20685685980191057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391589878","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99743414,0.000070669324,0.0010442947,0.00010568848,0.00007706182,0.00014100687,0.0000056887307,0.000044703804,0.0010767394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919015,0.00001570105,0.000045653,0.000056105197,0.00007009296,0.0001900939,0.00002226415,0.000039684317,0.00037026877],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889165,0.00006360575,0.00034851808,0.00024509878,0.00024293455,0.0002082156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993857,0.000073773655,0.00013227323,0.0003030922,0.0000648657,0.000040279858],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012458638,0.00016314677,0.00022454617,0.00008341044,0.000075448734,0.000028516937,0.00018431491,0.00007738401,0.000079246376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000051141637,0.00010972991,0.00006687664,0.0005823825,0.00013904326,0.00017479272,0.00004074282,0.000104737344,0.000005160576],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013863892,0.00015173003,0.0075365882,0.00017481527,0.00009257863,0.0000014594592,0.0015154005,0.66709816,0.2865769,0.03391079,0.0000014312894,0.0028015247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010609225,0.00021743652,0.22134405,0.0006626116,0.000048147063,0.00002083493,0.0001571616,0.6756258,0.09979646,0.00003786112,0.00073724124,0.00029143807],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013076372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016402123,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21380748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007712419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000976672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99349564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391972382","doi":"10.32920/25234750","title":"Transient Heat Transfer Modeling, Simulation and Performance Analysis of Single and Double U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat transfer; Heat exchanger; Transient (computer programming); Heat pump; Borehole; Mechanics; Materials science; Parametric statistics; Shell and tube heat exchanger; NTU method; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer coefficient; Micro heat exchanger; Engineering; Computer science; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03724275632233797,"score_gpt":0.2607920915599955,"score_spread":0.22354933523765752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391972382","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.976281,0.0020000779,0.0133713195,0.00020352358,0.0000777327,0.0002671029,0.00004905735,0.0000878268,0.0076623484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99831593,0.00022363967,0.00012951539,0.000040708004,0.00006551375,0.00010261698,0.00013476032,0.00003928108,0.0009480178],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856025,0.000024389774,0.00047192725,0.00054787245,0.00020334091,0.00019221994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939865,0.000021592186,0.000014108212,0.00038677745,0.000088424975,0.00009045311],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014457457,0.000273094,0.0005334742,0.0003441346,0.00006610481,0.000069937465,0.000090270136,0.0002511265,0.00015688015],"category_scores_gemma":[7.8817817e-7,0.0002321604,0.00018260455,0.00035143818,0.000048591934,0.000054701544,0.000091156246,0.00018213238,0.0000031297775],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003158905,0.000053398344,0.00007937337,0.00036082722,0.0005017801,3.5936964e-7,0.0011428447,0.99169785,0.0025299012,0.002241814,0.0000047133963,0.0013555588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028807836,0.000039687275,0.0003708604,0.00010676494,0.00096471864,8.871459e-7,0.00008322753,0.9949472,0.0011446157,0.00013958522,0.0016699873,0.00024436825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016629376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025816977,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022034938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033475015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020981908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98991895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391972431","doi":"10.32920/25234750.v1","title":"Transient Heat Transfer Modeling, Simulation and Performance Analysis of Single and Double U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Transient (computer programming); Heat pump; Borehole; Materials science; Parametric statistics; Mechanics; NTU method; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Thermal; Heat transfer coefficient; Thermodynamics; Micro heat exchanger; Engineering; Computer science; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03724275632233797,"score_gpt":0.2607920915599955,"score_spread":0.22354933523765752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391972431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.976281,0.0020000779,0.0133713195,0.00020352358,0.0000777327,0.0002671029,0.00004905735,0.0000878268,0.0076623484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99831593,0.00022363967,0.00012951539,0.000040708004,0.00006551375,0.00010261698,0.00013476032,0.00003928108,0.0009480178],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856025,0.000024389774,0.00047192725,0.00054787245,0.00020334091,0.00019221994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939865,0.000021592186,0.000014108212,0.00038677745,0.000088424975,0.00009045311],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014457457,0.000273094,0.0005334742,0.0003441346,0.00006610481,0.000069937465,0.000090270136,0.0002511265,0.00015688015],"category_scores_gemma":[7.8817817e-7,0.0002321604,0.00018260455,0.00035143818,0.000048591934,0.000054701544,0.000091156246,0.00018213238,0.0000031297775],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003158905,0.000053398344,0.00007937337,0.00036082722,0.0005017801,3.5936964e-7,0.0011428447,0.99169785,0.0025299012,0.002241814,0.0000047133963,0.0013555588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028807836,0.000039687275,0.0003708604,0.00010676494,0.00096471864,8.871459e-7,0.00008322753,0.9949472,0.0011446157,0.00013958522,0.0016699873,0.00024436825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016629376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025816977,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022034938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033475015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020981908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98991895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392137718","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122826","title":"Deep geothermal doublets versus deep borehole heat exchangers: A comparative study for cold sedimentary basins","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Heat exchanger; Sedimentary rock; Sedimentary basin; Geothermal heating; Geothermal energy; Structural basin; Petroleum engineering; Petrology; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Geochemistry; Engineering; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.032162247343487035,"score_gpt":0.2736821449951694,"score_spread":0.24151989765168236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392137718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59598815,0.00569117,0.06286013,0.0015294817,0.004815063,0.004776025,0.00030456687,0.0029914216,0.32104397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918547,0.000015125786,0.00058642885,0.0004645177,0.0009530795,0.0042568836,0.00020979857,0.00012466943,0.0015347864],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977459,0.000055086126,0.0004583405,0.00079317327,0.00032758567,0.00061993237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885637,0.00024942425,0.000063703534,0.00057097647,0.00005893429,0.00020061298],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016452758,0.00044233134,0.0004764939,0.00017058406,0.000299197,0.00015721639,0.0003535951,0.0001557019,0.0004259568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000018453262,0.00041494978,0.00017889812,0.0004620569,0.00008636611,0.00013445206,0.000097176824,0.00014468963,0.00016056282],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056445604,0.000953903,0.000010180846,0.00007212385,0.001065504,0.000027090951,0.004394569,0.30588913,0.012283074,0.663866,0.0031628949,0.0077111046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040646344,0.0004889883,0.00006404796,0.000029087723,0.00019949197,0.0000048674397,0.0043609515,0.06770321,0.010599093,0.0006369898,0.91115046,0.00069820933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01276646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011810498,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90798753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017642409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049225215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392587993","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2003","title":"Experimental transfer function of ground heat exchanger from thermal response tests using a deconvolution approach","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Deconvolution; Thermal; Heat transfer; Function (biology); Transfer function; Materials science; Computer science; Environmental science; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering; Algorithm; Electrical engineering; Biology","score_opus":0.04474919290907758,"score_gpt":0.26954898181757003,"score_spread":0.22479978890849245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392587993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9729706,0.0021455453,0.015204497,0.000040939256,0.0005831548,0.00040698695,0.00008554367,0.00019027067,0.008372443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963191,0.000003793039,0.0009972814,0.00004792691,0.00045636814,0.00035878792,0.00021061297,0.00009088286,0.0015152376],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808466,0.00021921274,0.0005182332,0.00066819286,0.00026469099,0.0002450292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991281,0.000064565465,0.000056124278,0.00059320487,0.00007639266,0.00008158634],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025285347,0.00036030918,0.00041050848,0.00016892016,0.00007898797,0.00006963433,0.00019330213,0.00045713971,0.0008707881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005062832,0.0003191435,0.00024574532,0.00018602652,0.00007348665,0.00006532562,0.0002180704,0.00031965633,0.000055125867],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053611543,0.00026809587,0.000019518058,0.00011935894,0.00026673364,0.0000019829808,0.001497936,0.15255657,0.83294886,0.011146922,0.000034877496,0.0006029956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030959018,0.00046569057,0.024539603,0.0012522924,0.001217639,0.000044316446,0.0059114536,0.6749329,0.26495424,0.007512271,0.012969852,0.003103847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07281601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002900924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56799465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020589124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000120544595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392641836","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141749","title":"Technical analysis of a novel economically mixed CO2-Water enhanced geothermal system","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Profitability index; Resource (disambiguation); Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Environmental economics; Engineering; Geology; Computer science; Economics","score_opus":0.012228333864745613,"score_gpt":0.2342159550701641,"score_spread":0.22198762120541848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392641836","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98444664,0.00011945204,0.011256206,0.00073063676,0.00081108604,0.00009356099,0.000006694015,0.00006273564,0.0024729592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969197,0.000009247611,0.0007038703,0.000012135235,0.0008778377,0.000011199693,0.000006744334,0.000027052301,0.0014322163],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846,0.000051309748,0.0008874334,0.00022818132,0.00020935683,0.00016370366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991148,0.000028454007,0.00030281377,0.0002760664,0.00021310826,0.00006472673],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006321994,0.00012807877,0.00043660225,0.00044952016,0.000042591444,0.00004117675,0.00016633979,0.00010141465,0.00013292985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021750642,0.00008772685,0.00035678002,0.0003709076,0.000053568336,0.00019284393,0.000022208607,0.00017735623,0.00002235281],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004763221,0.000089425266,0.000014621469,0.000080106685,0.00062301196,0.0000023690686,0.00012302084,0.46152487,0.52766585,0.0066727824,0.00014289012,0.003013422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095069484,0.00029690238,0.0060071843,0.00047929544,0.0029645578,0.00066823553,0.00084853364,0.066070005,0.7625635,0.00014128222,0.15847862,0.0005311773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026001563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012782437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39545485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012115518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004076647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3577397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392913329","doi":"10.32920/25417246.v1","title":"Performance Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Wastewater Heat Pump Systems Using Numerical Simulation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Wastewater; Environmental science; Hybrid heat; Waste heat; Waste heat recovery unit; Process engineering; Hybrid system; Coefficient of performance; Computer science; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.018504890424352088,"score_gpt":0.2513658029475967,"score_spread":0.23286091252324462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392913329","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84762776,0.00023147973,0.14933026,0.000028958597,0.000214758,0.00022875481,0.000025925921,0.00009815551,0.0022139503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99673903,0.000028087094,0.0019997156,0.0000062461218,0.00012511626,0.000047107234,0.00015679657,0.000037941594,0.00085994584],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859315,0.000057805806,0.0005618061,0.00042728803,0.00020497813,0.00015494891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923307,0.000032095482,0.00014327378,0.00041370976,0.000117570424,0.000060281003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013761749,0.00022493163,0.0004903791,0.00031681714,0.00005934967,0.00009918233,0.00010687753,0.00013032321,0.00010844819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004421411,0.00018515968,0.00014736308,0.00036682966,0.000030187543,0.000053321484,0.00026321778,0.00015493632,0.000008725318],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004945932,0.000016009108,0.00037644216,0.00040527162,0.00043584907,6.830067e-7,0.000050894687,0.9975435,0.0003582665,0.0006848028,0.0000015807881,0.000121737525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006249546,0.000009016496,0.000108467044,0.0001240931,0.0006506088,0.000004404233,0.000032027052,0.99756145,0.0010499426,0.00003265788,0.0001730573,0.00019175308],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016321441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002159242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14911129,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006114832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031371266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99022895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392932493","doi":"10.32920/25417246","title":"Performance Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Wastewater Heat Pump Systems Using Numerical Simulation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Wastewater; Environmental science; Hybrid heat; Waste heat recovery unit; Waste heat; Process engineering; Hybrid system; Computer science; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.018504890424352088,"score_gpt":0.2513658029475967,"score_spread":0.23286091252324462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392932493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84762776,0.00023147973,0.14933026,0.000028958597,0.000214758,0.00022875481,0.000025925921,0.00009815551,0.0022139503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99673903,0.000028087094,0.0019997156,0.0000062461218,0.00012511626,0.000047107234,0.00015679657,0.000037941594,0.00085994584],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99859315,0.000057805806,0.0005618061,0.00042728803,0.00020497813,0.00015494891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923307,0.000032095482,0.00014327378,0.00041370976,0.000117570424,0.000060281003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013761749,0.00022493163,0.0004903791,0.00031681714,0.00005934967,0.00009918233,0.00010687753,0.00013032321,0.00010844819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004421411,0.00018515968,0.00014736308,0.00036682966,0.000030187543,0.000053321484,0.00026321778,0.00015493632,0.000008725318],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004945932,0.000016009108,0.00037644216,0.00040527162,0.00043584907,6.830067e-7,0.000050894687,0.9975435,0.0003582665,0.0006848028,0.0000015807881,0.000121737525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006249546,0.000009016496,0.000108467044,0.0001240931,0.0006506088,0.000004404233,0.000032027052,0.99756145,0.0010499426,0.00003265788,0.0001730573,0.00019175308],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016321441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002159242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14911129,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006114832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031371266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99022895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392958333","doi":"10.3390/resources13030045","title":"Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Thermal Caisson Geothermal Systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Resources","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Caisson; Geothermal energy; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.00795480318663056,"score_gpt":0.2377370847163505,"score_spread":0.22978228152971994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392958333","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96867174,0.0027434798,0.000030866842,0.00004247593,0.00010210958,0.0001112455,0.00006433738,0.000054211796,0.028179511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985273,0.000026266289,0.00006011322,0.0000067125216,0.00014982857,0.000029055604,0.0000093803055,0.000032301617,0.0011590336],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989689,0.00006440402,0.0003459539,0.00018159833,0.0002600208,0.0001790984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993685,0.00008044208,0.000119758995,0.00036175692,0.000009531508,0.000060014678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017419479,0.0001262333,0.00022696634,0.00008031934,0.00003653518,0.000028579825,0.00021767592,0.000074492855,0.00035154636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048819606,0.000098951,0.000107149484,0.000105879684,0.00007920403,0.000058028178,0.000054029962,0.00007627119,0.000024635377],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010330559,0.00016771579,0.009978559,0.00045928487,0.00026288463,0.000009733539,0.0014221794,0.10287584,0.82606304,0.05330552,0.0000758379,0.0053690732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006266315,0.00028271857,0.5813881,0.0007325268,0.00013356244,0.000043079737,0.0022280107,0.04991365,0.026510429,0.00013773322,0.3374747,0.00052885606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071106455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000032992706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7995526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039588325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022878545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995011},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392975784","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123007","title":"Effects of varying heat transfer rates for borehole heat exchangers in layered subsurface with groundwater flow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Petroleum engineering; Groundwater; Environmental science; Groundwater flow; Materials science; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Petrology; Mechanics; Aquifer; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.0061738065294060455,"score_gpt":0.19663369471220596,"score_spread":0.1904598881827999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392975784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9510022,0.00082293374,0.04601701,0.00005619922,0.00011591611,0.0006129103,0.0000075146786,0.00021479251,0.0011505379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977674,0.000009883329,0.0010740723,0.00002217265,0.000102521495,0.0008226101,0.000019437604,0.000102073165,0.00007985516],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990198,0.000009449369,0.00023188489,0.0002824714,0.00011356431,0.00034285776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960554,0.00014939008,0.000005153042,0.00016891384,0.000014811501,0.00005616798],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010632782,0.00023086992,0.00027912552,0.00011132003,0.000033398042,0.000035940608,0.000118948155,0.00009195029,0.00002647044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000017480143,0.00018893102,0.000070744,0.0002692274,0.000018760766,0.0000851637,0.000012665757,0.00011594107,0.00000887831],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030602423,0.000020176394,0.0000051038855,0.00041146937,0.000048845242,0.000003605069,0.0004253347,0.5540371,0.43690446,0.007513981,0.0000016435047,0.00059769046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011386452,0.000066489716,0.0005385663,0.00032137538,0.000038604387,0.0000046217483,0.00004844758,0.34584168,0.64732593,0.000039707975,0.0042739543,0.0003619406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010291798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006687032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2104215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042262993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013900747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7704384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393238709","doi":"10.37789/rjce.2024.15.2.8","title":"Research regarding the eco-efficiency of an air-water heatpump","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revista Romana de Inginerie Civila/Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Environmental science; Art","score_opus":0.01575710752873178,"score_gpt":0.26097019880621664,"score_spread":0.24521309127748486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393238709","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9659664,0.006996013,0.016067054,0.000763785,0.0004912069,0.0002470325,0.000008357449,0.00018802748,0.00927212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99796426,0.00010521652,0.0004805552,0.000026411677,0.0008674402,0.000015126632,0.000004333354,0.00011858919,0.00041804742],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970574,0.00019759334,0.0010424714,0.00030729148,0.00067794684,0.0007173445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983376,0.00025420144,0.00016124104,0.0006463196,0.00029297022,0.00030763136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003209524,0.00029981864,0.00052094524,0.00065069104,0.00020376046,0.00024767092,0.0008465953,0.00013342482,0.00023460618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015238301,0.00019981916,0.00032176907,0.00088488206,0.00009746291,0.00041738892,0.000105070256,0.0007809475,0.000027034197],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020815287,0.00008740021,0.00005992432,0.00082862866,0.00026336894,0.00031072204,0.0017539071,0.787161,0.11259321,0.09520148,0.00063577754,0.0010837631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062060554,0.00056222524,0.0011095548,0.0039992346,0.00019886931,0.0020613954,0.001088147,0.26731536,0.020675667,0.00048956356,0.70108664,0.0007927573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027942954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001720418,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70045084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023679726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015888366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8148389},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393587586","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.10060473","title":"Mikiko Heater Canada Reviews - 50% Off Mikiko Kinetic Heater Price and Buy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Kinetic energy; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.028668413579103255,"score_gpt":0.23268426914388207,"score_spread":0.2040158555647788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393587586","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00065289374,0.0017058653,0.00003418643,0.0019349369,0.00046583146,0.0012052539,0.97152585,0.00067546713,0.021799695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007392371,0.0023393272,0.00003088903,0.0005901702,0.0004612792,0.0000010568239,0.98533005,0.0017071712,0.0088008465],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972148,0.00045018137,0.00058021385,0.0007380552,0.00044915502,0.0005676253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998124,0.000033681594,0.00022276367,0.0010518831,0.00025928477,0.00030838995],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005063613,0.00037119817,0.00045503504,0.00021616984,0.0012785651,0.0005548405,0.0011008426,0.0001806644,0.0088015245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021964121,0.0003463284,0.00007318411,0.00050840236,0.00012979891,0.000094054194,0.0010681524,0.00042041682,0.020830734],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012200288,0.000035933837,1.622443e-7,0.00030324532,0.000051679515,0.000019065017,0.000055968994,0.00014260238,0.00016396643,0.00023763785,0.99313813,0.0058394247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002561988,0.00006236906,0.00011911656,0.0001447864,0.000039592323,0.00009004044,0.000047776637,0.000054901,0.000018121082,0.000019011743,0.998784,0.00036405917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.34084463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013852263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32699236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023430528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016531281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393793008","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.7499418","title":"Thermodynamic and hydrological drivers of the subsurface thermal regime in Central Spain: open data and code","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Code (set theory); Thermal; Geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Meteorology; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Programming language","score_opus":0.048306220871460866,"score_gpt":0.25894946035768296,"score_spread":0.2106432394862221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393793008","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04919282,0.000089072266,0.000013399123,0.0010011843,0.00007691396,0.00078678684,0.942551,0.00014262821,0.00614619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15288515,0.00044606454,0.000021432847,0.00009831199,0.000073332005,2.401928e-7,0.8449638,0.0007340589,0.0007775951],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981224,0.00050187256,0.00028502994,0.0005496244,0.00023617418,0.00030489996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984124,0.00004617062,0.00018987572,0.0011849214,0.00007246919,0.00009419918],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067028345,0.00017282517,0.00024773294,0.00008802856,0.0006698186,0.0003228,0.0031425445,0.0001518527,0.0009306777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020704698,0.00013540854,0.000024630344,0.00036658222,0.00031071593,0.00013373727,0.0070453486,0.0003378791,0.00051750697],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006165755,0.000119791875,0.00001754915,0.0001246448,0.000087866145,0.000014830784,0.00032420366,0.0021438908,0.001003608,0.0032379185,0.9865162,0.0063478765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038618536,0.000042019237,0.0048713363,0.00006193585,0.000019490315,0.000022208356,0.00013818935,0.0034346269,0.0000066744783,0.00006666134,0.990805,0.00014570971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040213345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030750674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.103692345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050168845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007257854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999826},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393801890","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.7499419","title":"Thermodynamic and hydrological drivers of the subsurface thermal regime in Central Spain: open data and code","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Code (set theory); Open data; Open water; Environmental science; Code of practice; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Geography; Computer science; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Oceanography; Programming language; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.17545258590121574,"score_gpt":0.34246994869174513,"score_spread":0.1670173627905294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393801890","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.036497343,0.00031866418,0.000002658346,0.0015955919,0.00013133622,0.0011442084,0.94376636,0.00004250338,0.016501348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5210159,0.00084202446,0.000022248401,0.00027425765,0.00028432792,0.0003040495,0.4719372,0.00012172114,0.005198296],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99129456,0.00043838183,0.0006667097,0.0011957346,0.0055688974,0.00083574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945527,0.0014043932,0.00031142222,0.0015221818,0.0019479644,0.00026139326],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006117028,0.00040863612,0.0005867799,0.00017156123,0.0003423114,0.0006872917,0.0037144646,0.00043788512,0.00010318364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0056036836,0.00031288376,0.00008177004,0.0009022657,0.0010151848,0.0006558428,0.004215514,0.00097398245,0.0001313155],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012127488,0.00030034452,0.00032471088,0.00014132373,0.00020937614,0.000036519512,0.00013826463,0.0033835904,0.0001639099,0.013519926,0.98025316,0.0014075872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085611275,0.000065508095,0.011576327,0.00018712573,0.000018857727,0.000014633052,0.00018873664,0.008736555,0.000004195566,0.003212414,0.974786,0.00035354125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01827623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03511937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48451853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012474621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038599544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393941317","doi":"10.1007/s10230-024-00976-4","title":"Numerical Assessment of the Geothermal and Thermal Energy Storage Potential of the Underground Con Mine (Northwest Territories, Canada)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mine Water and the Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Northwest Territories; Geological Survey of Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Commission Géologique du Canada","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.003627069826714756,"score_gpt":0.17362895388669652,"score_spread":0.17000188405998176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393941317","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949927,0.0005871867,0.00024893903,0.0028036146,0.00027951715,0.00013974802,0.000045732373,0.0000068322415,0.0008957558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972035,0.000031549054,0.000012180346,0.00010300794,0.00013113582,0.00004556992,0.000017576709,0.000020460886,0.0024349766],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989308,0.00013315474,0.00026955578,0.00019510982,0.00029521235,0.00017618237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994847,0.000042305892,0.00006593362,0.00036090982,0.000006229454,0.00003987669],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013296118,0.00015769985,0.00019466784,0.000011790293,0.0001522144,0.000025636387,0.00020189407,0.000045044006,0.00010641104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010747577,0.000064093685,0.00007583475,0.000040484607,0.00034861692,0.000030555013,0.00016688026,0.00009381275,3.0150125e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017052141,0.0005217501,0.02489041,0.00034959902,0.0014526298,0.000028368797,0.0028349215,0.57387125,0.1538899,0.23237416,0.0004103231,0.0092061795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00277519,0.00013795041,0.5196267,0.00013554735,0.0004355567,0.00008578225,0.00060965994,0.06686253,0.030206831,0.0011721033,0.37737072,0.00058148935],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.66118914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.094661616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56652755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005404779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004437276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92185843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394710392","doi":"10.1146/knowable-041124-2","title":"Geothermal power heats up","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Knowable Magazine","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal power; Power (physics); Environmental science; Geothermal energy; History; Geology; Nuclear engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Geophysics; Physics","score_opus":0.011973532918677565,"score_gpt":0.2404378062782768,"score_spread":0.22846427335959923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394710392","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.045677472,0.004368029,0.0009892344,0.0017772355,0.0013588546,0.00016472455,0.000022265762,0.0008846994,0.94475746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7437967,0.000015828708,0.0001309094,0.0003161346,0.00030718386,0.000073912095,0.00001928056,0.000056349334,0.2552837],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892044,0.00002617989,0.00023085029,0.00032799089,0.00015668759,0.00033787725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994161,0.000035689543,0.000022298127,0.00038173163,0.000040116924,0.000104022],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012343143,0.0001736097,0.00016797101,0.00008901553,0.00008451638,0.000109994944,0.00017036768,0.00008749106,0.01092385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007931729,0.00014680778,0.00009836814,0.0003451046,0.000038902534,0.00012625885,0.000046766712,0.000118231015,0.013401148],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001763096,0.000097419856,0.00005971669,0.00012219779,0.00013177822,0.00006539586,0.00039006944,0.023088656,0.048527036,0.7964383,0.10304279,0.028019058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016682904,0.000024278173,0.00062925176,0.000050099898,0.000012557383,0.00003110325,0.000021793492,0.006731083,0.0012125787,0.0013365134,0.98959684,0.00018706346],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013402365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023526787,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88655406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041487387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043006854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9899803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396811477","doi":"10.1007/s13762-024-05669-7","title":"Investigation of ground heat exchange under winter conditions in desert climate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Desert (philosophy); Ecotoxicology; Climate change; Heat exchanger; Desert climate; Atmospheric sciences; Groundwater; Climatology; Geology; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Arid; Geotechnical engineering; Biology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Political science; Oceanography","score_opus":0.012084401465642384,"score_gpt":0.24859032023760602,"score_spread":0.23650591877196364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396811477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996146,0.0003464637,0.000054922722,0.0025673015,0.00018967275,0.000030750518,0.000010369026,0.000008629394,0.00064588274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995182,0.00019681208,0.00011373961,0.000077651144,0.000036488054,0.0000056298395,0.0000023879754,0.0000043274176,0.0000447526],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927694,0.000008569622,0.00026301388,0.00010726832,0.00024739327,0.0000968471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997855,0.000020771293,0.00006558445,0.000057851765,0.000038922928,0.000031374817],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024878993,0.000051850304,0.00007843737,0.000495212,0.000032829823,0.00002579332,0.00022471513,0.000045641205,0.0001395335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012483317,0.00004309561,0.000018819897,0.0003000815,0.00058076443,0.0002870359,0.000077016346,0.0000901161,0.000009037035],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007742821,0.000045942343,0.014716325,0.0000090333615,0.00003382586,0.000027896729,0.00029413312,0.0008373505,0.8569469,0.119257756,0.000026535079,0.007796574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017786119,0.00059089414,0.6252062,0.0009505641,0.00005622336,0.0023308406,0.004945401,0.00875293,0.20054138,0.11835759,0.035965264,0.0005241575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016003805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007487725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6564055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013193207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032017142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21398507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398155176","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2024.103030","title":"A numerical study on the intermittent operation of u-tube and coaxial borehole heat exchangers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Borehole; Coaxial; Tube (container); Mechanics; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.02209505270812832,"score_gpt":0.2566924930374477,"score_spread":0.23459744032931937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398155176","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99254376,0.00017498498,0.0004859039,0.0013145232,0.00017093436,0.0003147327,0.00000997891,0.00006382557,0.00492137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986425,0.00000836815,0.0000108431805,0.0002517086,0.00015117596,0.000119411416,0.000004332118,0.000026434398,0.0007852382],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992896,0.00006720746,0.00018798794,0.00020088824,0.00013348981,0.00012084944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999606,0.00007066935,0.000021266931,0.00024793608,0.000019960306,0.000034132125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015800938,0.00011033053,0.0001289323,0.000040799798,0.0000739425,0.00005588316,0.00011151754,0.000041457766,0.00013018626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000821922,0.000070206755,0.00004532277,0.00011944334,0.000049276376,0.00003626431,0.000028811568,0.00009232112,0.000046572124],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018104419,0.0015954763,0.0030413207,0.00020452842,0.0007101256,0.000049896888,0.03145453,0.27167138,0.04144972,0.49877355,0.0035864715,0.14728196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020677855,0.0021842388,0.04516396,0.00046931344,0.00021449573,0.00008827362,0.01543737,0.6428178,0.0108213965,0.0024091708,0.27715418,0.0011720343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030066175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49636436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021620626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016395694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45451263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398256118","doi":"10.3390/en17112525","title":"Analysis of the Combined Effect of Major Influencing Parameters for Designing High-Performance Single (sBHE) and Double (dBHE) U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchangers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Grout; Thermal conductivity; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Tube (container); Materials science; Mechanics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.0121429475272321,"score_gpt":0.22814258775403481,"score_spread":0.2159996402268027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398256118","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99803823,0.00081743684,0.00023072952,0.0000734553,0.00012839999,0.00019119665,0.000013984528,0.000058378635,0.0004481708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988903,0.000020107767,0.00040186764,0.000020962209,0.000026593816,0.00017347721,0.000014908225,0.000025391446,0.00042639367],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991026,0.000052026233,0.0002972275,0.00022014095,0.0001427569,0.00018523584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992101,0.00033374,0.00008137966,0.00030171193,0.000041540938,0.000031502237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000255382,0.00015327618,0.0003664845,0.00019119434,0.000107380074,0.00004031528,0.00015649767,0.00006570507,0.000010271973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016616888,0.00010347139,0.0001578563,0.000733137,0.00010543001,0.00010892115,0.000050272305,0.00005208275,7.161834e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006623536,0.000014138599,0.0018726168,0.00028244383,0.00059877546,2.5530858e-7,0.00060242135,0.80607206,0.18317977,0.0054364577,0.00003585248,0.00183897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007347886,0.00025832964,0.005206764,0.00025226566,0.0008570615,9.773623e-7,0.00017770547,0.07002005,0.92117107,0.00007939179,0.001062707,0.00017891018],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007905525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025715702,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7379913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031827534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001703129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987009},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399074425","doi":"10.22488/okstate.24.000033","title":"An exploration of a heuristic predictive control strategy for ground source heat pumps coupled to standing column wells","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Model predictive control; Column (typography); Heuristic; Computer science; Control (management); Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.033224341118841316,"score_gpt":0.28381212805441614,"score_spread":0.2505877869355748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399074425","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11200973,0.00007504793,0.88376224,0.0002388131,0.00013197243,0.00078495237,0.00009634663,0.00019098668,0.0027098998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957432,0.0000031885454,0.00025353546,0.00007724832,0.00019943855,0.00068910175,0.00005015962,0.000038006274,0.0029460804],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901104,0.000039111826,0.000322378,0.0002842483,0.0001477263,0.00019550975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993665,0.00015560434,0.00003620984,0.00021431339,0.00011775386,0.000109577915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019588268,0.00012754956,0.0002135432,0.00008137002,0.000093336115,0.000117086165,0.00010274205,0.00006764757,0.00014704997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015101468,0.00011462175,0.0000637331,0.0002010103,0.000024818466,0.0003357626,0.00000823872,0.000045906225,0.000028484235],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008150675,0.000055849523,0.000010152456,0.00006595543,0.00006805897,0.0000010080081,0.00046057522,0.81078905,0.017729104,0.16996002,0.00015557793,0.00062314735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058977946,0.00056262634,0.00012636832,0.00006329166,0.00005546557,0.0000027776846,0.0017944151,0.976337,0.0010254742,0.0030825946,0.016202498,0.00015767291],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0114070615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015083692,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8837335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000064971755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000541455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951761},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399104511","doi":"10.22488/okstate.24.000036","title":"Numerical investigation of an energy pile-based solar-assisted ground source heat pump system for space heating and cooling","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Pile; Energy (signal processing); Space (punctuation); Solar energy; Mechanics; Materials science; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Computer science; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.0182525140141055,"score_gpt":0.23483852224820828,"score_spread":0.2165860082341028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399104511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6787094,0.00030669352,0.31774604,0.00037241334,0.00015957667,0.00023078348,0.000013007393,0.0004932188,0.0019689058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954275,0.0000011361044,0.0032757574,0.000099081655,0.00019568006,0.00018635797,0.00007659721,0.000053164607,0.00068472605],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878883,0.000086990025,0.00039352826,0.0003585012,0.00015220085,0.00021997347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992524,0.00021846218,0.00006661011,0.0002384597,0.00008117906,0.00014293683],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023095428,0.00017174461,0.00026140365,0.0000976736,0.00016853366,0.000121761674,0.00008971715,0.00011432723,0.000014102516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014639205,0.00015062546,0.00007673015,0.0002727977,0.000054267068,0.00014004413,0.000016046146,0.000062270505,0.0000026506316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000062201354,0.000054915523,0.0002290037,0.0012070286,0.000101772595,0.0000028070342,0.00038747376,0.48461154,0.101281285,0.3998007,0.000050372062,0.012210911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000349797,0.0000990207,0.00034851668,0.00026400865,0.000038779814,0.000016897568,0.00049446715,0.9492816,0.04061131,0.00016988853,0.008137417,0.00018829855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03563096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005848808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46467006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066467044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006655971,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97079086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399104758","doi":"10.22488/okstate.24.000006","title":"Techno-economic assessment of deep geothermal technologies for district heating systems on the South Shore of MontrÃ©al (QuÃ©bec, Canada)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shore; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.011228014004199158,"score_gpt":0.23421818739057199,"score_spread":0.22299017338637284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399104758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8935331,0.0014917812,0.028572207,0.007917054,0.00069421064,0.0019760162,0.00058059656,0.00089609093,0.06433891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986017,0.000005116796,0.0002352187,0.000028116705,0.000044109802,0.00052437664,0.000011995792,0.000031592463,0.0005177939],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886477,0.000019280715,0.000463042,0.00025228065,0.00017487242,0.00022572762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991018,0.0002374667,0.00014566912,0.0004502478,0.00004220694,0.000022566259],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019603595,0.00016493125,0.00027865102,0.0000756919,0.000091245114,0.000036318972,0.0003244405,0.000094050665,0.0000486035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018909452,0.00010453716,0.00009855601,0.00015080765,0.00006874395,0.000031289535,0.00004882744,0.00011108806,0.0000020440848],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000038723224,0.000017029754,0.00027940157,0.00011246171,0.000105175954,6.580917e-7,0.00005221224,0.3282259,0.001448971,0.6640007,0.00037466336,0.005378941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018574872,0.000090861715,0.00086103607,0.00016279236,0.000039780436,0.0000042309416,0.008518055,0.9580032,0.0068407096,0.000490858,0.024570763,0.00023194922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5857862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17165704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66350985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020324516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020201111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84345806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399134319","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4846890","title":"Three-Dimensional Analysis of Multiple Inclined Borehole Heat Exchangers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.013314519128234283,"score_gpt":0.2505962246552359,"score_spread":0.23728170552700162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399134319","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97036487,0.01783488,0.006717851,0.0014884037,0.000822333,0.00031270276,0.00015820918,0.00015162672,0.0021491307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99659294,0.0004891324,0.00021514583,0.000056764693,0.0006127123,0.00006823408,0.0002097818,0.00007794367,0.0016773203],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965152,0.00008660678,0.0008428859,0.0005253259,0.0005139697,0.0015159891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859446,0.000091633556,0.00035843268,0.0006120284,0.00021159918,0.00013185556],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011977612,0.0003825131,0.00080771506,0.00077964965,0.00015039108,0.00006261969,0.0005339205,0.00036828863,0.00021525094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034686116,0.00032822543,0.00095639285,0.00085099787,0.00007183924,0.000035813355,0.00048557913,0.0030769596,0.000052389394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055568406,0.0001461774,0.0007808835,0.00006673174,0.009893218,0.000006969728,0.00015466425,0.82890487,0.0018178383,0.15215872,0.0002190487,0.005795298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010730206,0.00020985212,0.0030035225,0.00034919463,0.005928229,0.000119822995,0.00054838695,0.4504917,0.0005881041,0.5241494,0.012452142,0.0010865908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03872554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.119552545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3784132,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007838039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018478986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399310470","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4852134","title":"An Improve Thermal Power Budget Approach to Evaluate the Geothermal Potential of a Flooded Open-Pit Mine: Examples from the Carey Canadian and King-Beaver Mines (Canada)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Beaver; Download; Power (physics); Open-pit mining; Mining engineering; Engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Geology; World Wide Web; Paleontology","score_opus":0.00975245341252965,"score_gpt":0.22805374369456693,"score_spread":0.2183012902820373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399310470","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856713,0.0039632376,0.00023808682,0.0043090046,0.00067202497,0.00090830826,0.00040818457,0.000021418233,0.0038084707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965277,0.00011459125,0.00011249754,0.0005604489,0.00096596964,0.00021741608,0.000111098416,0.00012952377,0.0012607769],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99567705,0.0004179792,0.0006753216,0.00073455175,0.0006374201,0.0018576926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997936,0.0000824676,0.00030007327,0.0010854362,0.0002604451,0.0003355749],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016516653,0.0005406606,0.0005569948,0.00011127645,0.00050880254,0.0005777849,0.0022848146,0.00028082432,0.000090848356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000035930163,0.0003255793,0.0001944625,0.00019686508,0.0001192986,0.00009122419,0.0006981381,0.0021714473,0.0000050115354],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00056029396,0.00042537952,0.0013071287,0.0001557046,0.008125291,0.000047316502,0.008047424,0.51380527,0.05436654,0.3692505,0.0033634074,0.040545758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0098350365,0.002038836,0.10584975,0.0014932677,0.0067160176,0.0022515673,0.10165558,0.17665899,0.003162611,0.4128658,0.16831446,0.009158118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99418694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99330646,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33714625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007683678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010889618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399433230","doi":"10.3390/su16124895","title":"Alternative Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System Considerations for Reducing Energy Use and Emissions in Egg Industries in Temperate and Continental Climates: A Systematic Review of Current Systems, Insights, and Future Directions","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Commission","keywords":"HVAC; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Air conditioning; Production (economics); Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.031012438069999853,"score_gpt":0.3213355102827562,"score_spread":0.29032307221275633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399433230","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0040677567,0.99170035,0.000027192305,0.000080763406,0.00018199747,0.0035719587,0.0002911502,0.00005507199,0.000023729992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.102356546,0.8932605,0.000022912378,0.000007930394,0.00010508959,0.0039286534,0.00018637841,0.00004656818,0.00008545517],"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","domain_scores_codex":[0.99623615,0.000756161,0.0018696903,0.0007188607,0.00015427488,0.00026489372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972979,0.00092074275,0.0007338987,0.0003469157,0.0005738845,0.00012670104],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007972859,0.0004637909,0.0021338821,0.00041300387,0.00031195552,0.00019598652,0.00006435889,0.00025939706,0.000002162825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011084016,0.00036839783,0.000107662025,0.0005237606,0.00019539757,0.00027575728,0.00011593824,0.00032493492,1.3049916e-7],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032622902,0.0000478507,0.00013335083,0.84725994,0.00010795568,0.0000040483283,0.000770163,0.000087600616,5.228135e-7,0.14949757,0.000023006582,0.0020647342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005346227,0.000060331455,0.00016715883,0.9007899,0.0016600093,0.0002593293,0.007380814,0.0021875321,0.0000028125514,0.0016190518,0.08471653,0.0006218901],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0078006857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065288396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14787851,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054568105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046026745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998768},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399724035","doi":"10.1615/tfec2024.hpu.050144","title":"PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF A RESIDENTIAL SCALE GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM WITH SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Thermal; Environmental science; Solar energy; Thermal energy storage; Scale (ratio); Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Solar air conditioning; Energy (signal processing); Nuclear engineering; Engineering physics; Materials science; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.006568995240507923,"score_gpt":0.1967392970173913,"score_spread":0.19017030177688338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399724035","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8980676,0.00029392692,0.026440848,0.00009802079,0.0001626114,0.00010860308,0.0000026669093,0.00024039576,0.07458531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9747038,0.000017228791,0.00017761759,0.000034363762,0.00023657056,0.0001590721,0.000011959554,0.000047719048,0.024611687],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986376,0.00004534953,0.00036734197,0.00033786442,0.00032328733,0.0002885688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938375,0.000026175136,0.000049918348,0.00039855318,0.000063318614,0.00007825953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014531364,0.00019408847,0.00023930137,0.00008926655,0.00012546133,0.00007689718,0.00020003575,0.0000791126,0.00037717877],"category_scores_gemma":[6.7931273e-7,0.00013774117,0.00008408394,0.00026571364,0.00006919844,0.00016688938,0.000051666175,0.0000757179,0.00010249064],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002485642,0.00030310717,0.0007478099,0.0019693526,0.0007194752,0.000027850763,0.0016656222,0.28073704,0.35188124,0.32839417,0.0004931163,0.03281264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00082809635,0.00044372366,0.0016497772,0.0011431248,0.00014212546,0.00012508083,0.0013416301,0.44915688,0.40069234,0.000024563118,0.14374241,0.00071023527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038018186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014538992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32836962,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006970084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059791557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9683877},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399724053","doi":"10.1615/tfec2024.csb.050463","title":"OPTIMIZATION OF EARTH-AIR HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH TWISTED TAPES FOR PASSIVE COOLING","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Earth (classical element); Passive cooling; Air cooling; Materials science; Copper in heat exchangers; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Plate fin heat exchanger; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Plate heat exchanger; Physics","score_opus":0.012353247368946732,"score_gpt":0.22842727573570767,"score_spread":0.21607402836676093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399724053","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04673644,0.00046710338,0.9079335,0.0012123752,0.00021749125,0.00069158623,0.000044019886,0.00047979952,0.04221773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833523,0.000009324138,0.0095850825,0.00007419602,0.000097250595,0.00021249798,0.000048874812,0.000029284378,0.006591157],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994937,0.000010155071,0.00014779989,0.00015669841,0.00007697548,0.00011462971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996781,0.00005703547,0.000025326226,0.00012245624,0.00008387005,0.000033249537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003857257,0.00008326029,0.00011607628,0.000055423832,0.000042486143,0.000019054814,0.000051568953,0.000045017052,0.0001982427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004875126,0.000060127004,0.000045041714,0.00018990111,0.000023983444,0.00006267533,0.000007931051,0.0000256993,0.000008704127],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016136655,0.000012318073,0.0000054045404,0.00007399542,0.000045468125,5.843488e-7,0.00013973459,0.92479986,0.0024475344,0.07101609,0.00014520137,0.0012976928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039347948,0.000116530646,0.000101252415,0.0001626696,0.000046698045,0.0000067659225,0.00046507514,0.8640956,0.022253934,0.00011655433,0.11205295,0.00018845858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021062952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061947625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9366159,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000842713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025305912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31841022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399828337","doi":"10.32920/26052691.v1","title":"Field-scale Experimental Analysis of Helical Steel Piles as in- Ground Heat Exchangers for Ground Source Heat Pumps","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Field (mathematics); Scale (ratio); Mechanics; Heat pump; Environmental science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02281045335514942,"score_gpt":0.2908209522679738,"score_spread":0.26801049891282436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399828337","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9684149,0.0017494719,0.0019523862,0.0008812261,0.00038780336,0.0006781839,0.00008888924,0.00014752531,0.025699584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814377,0.00004594061,0.00040201822,0.00033180756,0.00031839835,0.0015188706,0.00029298698,0.00007623567,0.015576035],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975118,0.000075148375,0.0007983354,0.0008847745,0.00032173377,0.00040818544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866354,0.00022110839,0.00008754589,0.0008126989,0.00006988729,0.00014520694],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000220058,0.0004320093,0.0009657779,0.0005465461,0.000077674486,0.00012182962,0.0004195835,0.0005217387,0.0011468626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011360406,0.0003920392,0.00079953205,0.0005521118,0.00007650139,0.00004573204,0.0005785801,0.0003442108,0.000047834503],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041849853,0.0016733803,0.0006138771,0.0015909821,0.006472347,0.00001646457,0.008541164,0.77841944,0.06308496,0.13169274,0.0017654538,0.005710674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003362503,0.001294171,0.0044539473,0.0012346152,0.005264147,0.000037616086,0.026471648,0.5573257,0.115754,0.013097346,0.2673491,0.0043552057],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19290684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017659115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26558363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018136013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006348667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399828381","doi":"10.32920/26052691","title":"Field-scale Experimental Analysis of Helical Steel Piles as in- Ground Heat Exchangers for Ground Source Heat Pumps","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Scale (ratio); Field (mathematics); Mechanics; Heat pump; Environmental science; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02281045335514942,"score_gpt":0.2908209522679738,"score_spread":0.26801049891282436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399828381","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9684149,0.0017494719,0.0019523862,0.0008812261,0.00038780336,0.0006781839,0.00008888924,0.00014752531,0.025699584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814377,0.00004594061,0.00040201822,0.00033180756,0.00031839835,0.0015188706,0.00029298698,0.00007623567,0.015576035],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975118,0.000075148375,0.0007983354,0.0008847745,0.00032173377,0.00040818544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866354,0.00022110839,0.00008754589,0.0008126989,0.00006988729,0.00014520694],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000220058,0.0004320093,0.0009657779,0.0005465461,0.000077674486,0.00012182962,0.0004195835,0.0005217387,0.0011468626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011360406,0.0003920392,0.00079953205,0.0005521118,0.00007650139,0.00004573204,0.0005785801,0.0003442108,0.000047834503],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041849853,0.0016733803,0.0006138771,0.0015909821,0.006472347,0.00001646457,0.008541164,0.77841944,0.06308496,0.13169274,0.0017654538,0.005710674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003362503,0.001294171,0.0044539473,0.0012346152,0.005264147,0.000037616086,0.026471648,0.5573257,0.115754,0.013097346,0.2673491,0.0043552057],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19290684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017659115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26558363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018136013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006348667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399958933","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4874647","title":"Experimental Investigation of Ground-Source Heat Pump System Coupled to Vertical and Horizontal Ground Loops: A Case Study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Horizontal and vertical; Mechanics; Environmental science; Physics; Meteorology; Geodesy; Geology; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01511103798715563,"score_gpt":0.2593812169804148,"score_spread":0.24427017899325915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399958933","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99355906,0.0038287442,0.00095563615,0.00015792546,0.0004473212,0.00075464754,0.0000073986366,0.00011077867,0.00017850929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99854434,0.000034717985,0.000029352861,0.00002116747,0.00061286974,0.00026420207,0.000013178185,0.00010154309,0.00037864683],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99653256,0.00024455646,0.0008768908,0.000634015,0.00048312402,0.0012288552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988978,0.000053423846,0.0001499884,0.00044618858,0.00014471528,0.00030791594],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011135397,0.00044669342,0.0006299734,0.00024695325,0.00026033528,0.0002448287,0.00030007047,0.0002593011,0.0000123858645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016994614,0.0004055256,0.00017102744,0.00028298635,0.00008683804,0.00008030166,0.00048478146,0.002071017,0.000026360043],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005878932,0.001608756,0.0016853923,0.001288033,0.0058558043,0.0019134452,0.030918974,0.061677087,0.0962969,0.79366344,0.000047029764,0.0044572414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007861429,0.00954446,0.0015751075,0.0028864632,0.0027211735,0.14646724,0.6751559,0.10099162,0.007993251,0.039995573,0.00084009854,0.003967728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09248175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011848023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7536679,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002009603,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012319162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399980113","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.120860","title":"Thermal performance of two-independent-circuit borehole heat exchanger in solar-assisted ground source heat pump system","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Heat pump; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Mechanics; Engineering; Physics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.01619621281469436,"score_gpt":0.22003076119420717,"score_spread":0.20383454837951281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399980113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9259198,0.0027409724,0.0027568364,0.00007278512,0.0005845667,0.00016370184,0.000018970206,0.00040051015,0.06734191],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.979708,0.00007155181,0.000038312755,0.00006464694,0.00049592933,0.00027921642,0.00006709835,0.0001221326,0.019153068],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972844,0.00016503144,0.00074152043,0.0006553121,0.00048249852,0.00067122414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884754,0.00008607443,0.00008005337,0.00074280973,0.00007773645,0.00016576183],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039028484,0.0003873609,0.0005516527,0.00035446067,0.00015424435,0.00012548636,0.00042917294,0.0002475877,0.00026392037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000053970566,0.00035408483,0.00020459494,0.0008583706,0.00007408899,0.0002940152,0.00011258215,0.00018500793,0.000068078116],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002277627,0.00009564857,0.00040066987,0.00036064722,0.000089239715,0.000027904221,0.00022048189,0.8808406,0.09687014,0.016391527,0.00006611788,0.0046142703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016859389,0.00018290932,0.0034019637,0.0015634731,0.000100552075,0.0001816155,0.00079318415,0.7416916,0.106578454,0.0001605453,0.14264607,0.0010136684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3516035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015301957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33630157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031407847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013182401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399998576","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.120874","title":"Techno-economic and environmental study of a hybrid solar ground source heat pumps for a heating-dominated community in a cold climate; a case study in Toronto","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Environmental science; Heat pump; Cold climate; Meteorology; Environmental engineering; Climatology; Engineering; Geography; Heat exchanger; Geology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.012103647106858392,"score_gpt":0.24473985762034256,"score_spread":0.23263621051348415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399998576","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979488,0.0006370849,0.0001744161,0.000008426493,0.000047708538,0.00071769673,0.00004547227,0.00006978818,0.00035058561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99807006,0.000041032356,0.000034857956,0.000012451115,0.000032686876,0.0013566054,0.000028369217,0.000060590304,0.0003633436],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99827236,0.00025982645,0.0006174172,0.0004009554,0.00010130657,0.00034814505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991465,0.00020906837,0.00007138075,0.0004925164,0.00000799688,0.000072534574],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000588193,0.0002496752,0.00046725076,0.0001605507,0.00018851866,0.000064088825,0.0001778209,0.00007223266,0.00003310342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000072609137,0.00025597066,0.000055829878,0.00014074621,0.000046254507,0.00016470709,0.00017523304,0.00012956445,9.1393724e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000814247,0.002853096,0.0050182915,0.00011270921,0.00012032047,0.00026013912,0.0050344756,0.97317964,0.011305248,0.00060728524,0.000006974768,0.0014203675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057744477,0.001958282,0.00072935876,0.00019070042,0.00009924186,0.0005905684,0.27864227,0.702002,0.0059598666,0.00017111382,0.0032594951,0.0006226678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.980607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8859533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2736078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00065234746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003869194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400059014","doi":"10.2118/219989-ms","title":"Optimization of a Closed-Loop Geothermal System Under Different Operational Conditions","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Virtual Materials Group (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Loop (graph theory); Closed loop; Computer science; Control theory (sociology); Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Control engineering; Geology; Engineering; Mathematics; Control (management); Geophysics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.013189080309091637,"score_gpt":0.2385137560212653,"score_spread":0.22532467571217366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400059014","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39654642,0.00045219553,0.34552103,0.0016519844,0.0007848272,0.0005810998,0.00019987173,0.0010412767,0.25322127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885106,0.000004614422,0.0004853442,0.00007752479,0.00014794672,0.00014996063,0.00016950165,0.000029425166,0.010425051],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991378,0.000040077237,0.0003177452,0.00020318961,0.00016967561,0.0001314896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958503,0.000051836974,0.000040017163,0.00019633367,0.00007357416,0.000053213465],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005672232,0.0001222254,0.00015009301,0.0000888328,0.00008846752,0.000059879134,0.000095883646,0.000073891184,0.0025499226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000025333645,0.00009372989,0.00008618762,0.0001743488,0.000039906157,0.00010346841,0.000020321762,0.000055445074,0.00012877115],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011525765,0.000023859533,0.000011487024,0.00003806973,0.000036560297,5.476073e-7,0.000022238703,0.48629943,0.0024020786,0.5109096,0.00016486832,0.00009011809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026403702,0.000026736063,0.0013320117,0.00013832987,0.000043774562,0.000022643282,0.00041956015,0.98816985,0.0029272113,0.00041050834,0.0060569122,0.00018844545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017650941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014101484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59196424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000057515837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004500221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983619},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400068903","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4878807","title":"Optimizing the Performance of Double U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger for Thermal Energy Storage Using Taguchi Method and Utility Concept","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Taguchi methods; Heat exchanger; Borehole; Tube (container); Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Petroleum engineering; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Process engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.024747027018852168,"score_gpt":0.28266191805154306,"score_spread":0.2579148910326909,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400068903","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8518856,0.04554151,0.09894559,0.0007188026,0.0007151688,0.0005309875,0.000060257506,0.00007214772,0.0015299323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99440867,0.0014220591,0.0017211926,0.000055944933,0.0007113913,0.00013230051,0.000020646803,0.00008943476,0.0014383754],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99710023,0.00018396291,0.0006018802,0.00046752775,0.00026792116,0.00137845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998825,0.00010155371,0.00033084012,0.00049847725,0.00015797104,0.00008615595],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001891968,0.0003790773,0.0005295978,0.00011633895,0.00039734,0.00012450997,0.00047602752,0.0002832345,0.000038389844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000075576904,0.00026876148,0.0003120743,0.00015029134,0.00012680491,0.000084635445,0.000382707,0.0018858413,0.00000101876],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015276897,0.000050389466,0.000019407185,0.00018624806,0.00066509726,9.716159e-7,0.001096412,0.7153873,0.0068208976,0.24932568,0.000028573053,0.026266294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016979413,0.00029831586,0.00007716613,0.0004704145,0.000591874,0.0003981104,0.0018240226,0.888697,0.011671742,0.0741227,0.019341255,0.00080945995],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0077990294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010683235,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17520298,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038768846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012286921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400426205","doi":"10.18599/grs.2024.2.8","title":"On the Method of temperature Measurements in Borehole Using Precision thermometers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Georesursy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Thermometer; Remote sensing; Geology; Materials science; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.04734167374765649,"score_gpt":0.3056211419535596,"score_spread":0.2582794682059031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400426205","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9797801,0.00043552695,0.00053144305,0.00047748972,0.0002495951,0.00021635038,0.000014000222,0.00004791332,0.01824759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99862695,0.0000037371178,0.0006936283,0.00007185976,0.000054052827,0.000037702157,0.0000047788903,0.000023333494,0.00048393398],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989633,0.00019056255,0.0002245769,0.00021093976,0.00025460531,0.00015604425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993118,0.00025554842,0.0000430133,0.0003317228,0.00003269441,0.000025236433],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007475366,0.000110653644,0.0001356207,0.000108699736,0.000049559727,0.000035574983,0.00018175518,0.0000768838,0.00013423695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005860781,0.000065278546,0.000074160605,0.0004255409,0.000025090958,0.000042233838,0.000025761128,0.00013908754,0.000024374202],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000445098,0.000092640104,0.00026767116,0.000050962597,0.000087161745,0.0000046408836,0.0008707563,0.21194093,0.49612927,0.26098722,0.0007673413,0.028756902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023670828,0.00041387702,0.046239395,0.004395055,0.00021260571,0.00006670571,0.0016653428,0.13941245,0.55141395,0.08785869,0.16426605,0.0016887864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031197655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020414895,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17312853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004274501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026623282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4716173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400580718","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4892904","title":"Optimizing Economic Performances of Foundation Earth-to-Air Heat Exchangers for Low-Technology Residential Air Conditioning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université TÉLUQ","funders":"","keywords":"Air conditioning; Heat exchanger; Foundation (evidence); Earth (classical element); Environmental science; Meteorology; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Physics","score_opus":0.008611571447398448,"score_gpt":0.25085566717226077,"score_spread":0.24224409572486233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400580718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96684885,0.0025384817,0.023834417,0.0029247438,0.0015737502,0.0006066384,0.00003809634,0.00015621413,0.0014787873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948891,0.0008208432,0.0008865752,0.00003787786,0.0011471343,0.0003234795,0.000091586386,0.00007599945,0.0017274051],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974564,0.00004246026,0.00068921683,0.00042738492,0.00015399534,0.0012305502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909043,0.00003920187,0.0003521713,0.0003161805,0.0001299637,0.000072050556],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008235607,0.00028036852,0.00043921528,0.0006343594,0.00028534583,0.00007882488,0.00042350215,0.00033113413,0.00008052971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016989856,0.00028774276,0.00027779717,0.00015368957,0.00006730525,0.00011033446,0.00022580037,0.001522938,0.00010216997],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042793064,0.000016655715,0.000012336112,0.00014468505,0.00035236843,6.232747e-7,0.00020211608,0.6879368,0.0026107489,0.3037316,0.000057611673,0.004891656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019447285,0.000919823,0.00016622759,0.0018560094,0.00052026013,0.00044154658,0.0050084083,0.068613425,0.029406855,0.85599464,0.033704095,0.0014239731],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001988114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0071012494,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6193234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00091697613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018609033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999575},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400618511","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123923","title":"A novel solution for vertical borehole heat exchangers in multilayered ground with the Robin boundary condition","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Thermal; Heat flux; Boundary value problem; Heat transfer coefficient; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.010871036499585056,"score_gpt":0.21064634164754323,"score_spread":0.19977530514795816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400618511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7945663,0.00047204294,0.20009923,0.0009024659,0.00023076014,0.0009195274,0.000029197125,0.00045066237,0.0023298475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974399,0.000001872126,0.0007941971,0.0000820892,0.00022094416,0.0012593972,0.000042989726,0.00006487656,0.00009372472],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991328,0.000006380158,0.00017257726,0.00025397833,0.00011856035,0.00031569484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964106,0.0001001606,0.000010855655,0.00018558472,0.00001444515,0.00004791124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014362029,0.00017418941,0.00014314198,0.000074741365,0.00009676802,0.00008887241,0.00011728051,0.00008504925,0.000023257451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000032925475,0.00012703067,0.00005209303,0.00022331926,0.0000403285,0.000091613474,0.000020981204,0.00015439314,0.000020537285],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028826913,0.000022761573,7.1392395e-7,0.00005005306,0.000033638178,0.0000015147406,0.00029869066,0.5159425,0.40537646,0.07675565,0.000025089272,0.0014640937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010979671,0.00004529505,0.0017896063,0.00011231281,0.00003677905,0.000017867826,0.00016506837,0.9198334,0.011194497,0.000080018624,0.06528308,0.00034411345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010437886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022309103,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4038909,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010268927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002537651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51801604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400649029","doi":"10.3390/en17143466","title":"Numerical Simulation of Geothermal Energy Development at Mount Meager and Its Impact on In Situ Thermal Stress","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal power; Borehole; Heat transfer; Geothermal heating; Coaxial; Thermal energy; Environmental science; Stress (linguistics); Heat exchanger; Finite element method; Mechanics; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Nuclear engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geophysics; Thermodynamics; Structural engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.011988946665598984,"score_gpt":0.2631605279406545,"score_spread":0.2511715812750555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400649029","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941333,0.0010972846,0.00008062948,0.00006014998,0.000078880985,0.00005399084,0.000008483236,0.000078687815,0.0044086124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99841696,0.000020773574,0.000039635874,0.00003298377,0.00010015299,0.000061814666,0.000026605965,0.000039292197,0.0012617912],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988559,0.00006134049,0.0003376829,0.00028983428,0.00021529301,0.00023995222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995224,0.00015250932,0.000062677645,0.00017041774,0.000029707626,0.00006228103],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009577268,0.00020729024,0.00023372688,0.00015209918,0.00006086997,0.00003399485,0.000103632476,0.00010016333,0.00023300492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008241438,0.00015635938,0.000067070745,0.00020378883,0.000028660628,0.00010794223,0.000052929947,0.00007268236,0.000027013415],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003812694,0.00005145341,0.00022892645,0.000033151096,0.00005180269,0.000007813839,0.0007056812,0.911914,0.0305919,0.04984194,0.0000070462997,0.00652818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068218686,0.00012951165,0.12036512,0.00036193128,0.000024368992,0.000007953517,0.0001722544,0.511527,0.3059524,0.00017505218,0.059948336,0.00065387995],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036931573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043386183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.400387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021623712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045661152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6376151},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401394168","doi":"10.1002/htj.23140","title":"Application of the image‐well method for transient borehole thermal energy storage systems with complex boundaries","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Science and Technology Council; National Central University","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Transient (computer programming); Heat flux; Boundary (topology); Thermal; Thermal energy storage; Finite element method; Sensitivity (control systems); Mechanics; Geology; Computer science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat transfer; Geotechnical engineering; Structural engineering; Meteorology; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.014166523760627506,"score_gpt":0.24619488234063625,"score_spread":0.23202835858000875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401394168","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.013751858,0.00082949625,0.97586095,0.0009336376,0.00018796718,0.0006195149,0.00015814492,0.00013820895,0.0075202007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963247,0.00000707412,0.0013535502,0.00012154133,0.00015617235,0.0010587396,0.000058435595,0.00006931699,0.0008504813],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987328,0.000102888334,0.00034296533,0.0003407915,0.0002312291,0.00024932539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993047,0.00009136312,0.000011295956,0.00044060295,0.000094478484,0.000057571462],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019141368,0.00020434617,0.00027239163,0.00005136847,0.00024872628,0.00013405125,0.00022390195,0.000090945105,0.0000566808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010891051,0.00012636489,0.00017979585,0.00028662314,0.00018916889,0.000087246815,0.000006984681,0.00008676819,0.0000075193225],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000741168,0.000078942656,0.000009033746,0.0004042574,0.00014326735,9.873779e-7,0.00084190036,0.15338783,0.24170761,0.599834,0.0005663476,0.0029517096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039316693,0.0000647993,0.0004909535,0.000074184456,0.0000960628,0.000014155559,0.00015539082,0.16393368,0.019647818,0.00014378245,0.81481284,0.00017318822],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014213413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001095438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98257285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038710506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009213182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.992351},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401434996","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114646","title":"Development, modeling, and optimization of ground source heat pump systems for cold climates: A comprehensive review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Cold climate; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Heat exchanger; Geography","score_opus":0.046391139111056655,"score_gpt":0.2934978949742256,"score_spread":0.24710675586316896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401434996","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001893582,0.9810263,0.017928274,0.000018779023,0.00014176883,0.00055409764,0.000034978842,0.00008088386,0.00019599104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000038546295,0.99507874,0.0018528271,0.00008188026,0.00014332606,0.0010529303,0.00025317742,0.00010725629,0.0013913026],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979591,0.0000640858,0.0009914264,0.0005700095,0.00014884434,0.00026656725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990423,0.0001054817,0.00031453706,0.00025727943,0.00017509692,0.00010531924],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021055099,0.00047147923,0.0015914327,0.00015644393,0.00017152012,0.00009502236,0.00016749684,0.00030241473,0.000007761218],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014517829,0.00036936667,0.00018678825,0.0003199239,0.00005566388,0.00007880824,0.00011670617,0.0001080894,0.0000021627934],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006598971,0.00005539813,1.270748e-7,0.32067093,0.00082153105,0.000002148648,0.0001445179,0.32464018,0.000015841639,0.20888011,0.00083999144,0.14392263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011139474,0.000018630262,4.997982e-9,0.04863717,0.0007492391,0.000042017917,0.00003043275,0.06659817,0.0000022851882,0.000021580221,0.8834605,0.00032856344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020454805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027936598,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8826205,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005069466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000098088516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401563040","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4926203","title":"Impact of Soil Freezing on the Thermal Performance of Geothermal Borehole Heat Exchangers Across Canadian Climates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Geothermal heating; Thermal; Earth science; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Geothermal energy; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Geography; Engineering; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.012364684271776396,"score_gpt":0.2557848750310193,"score_spread":0.24342019075924293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401563040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887786,0.0031268909,0.0000072478533,0.0005486461,0.00026209245,0.00020044477,0.00013648445,0.000029255618,0.006910321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972635,0.0012267157,0.0000042726138,0.000043938016,0.00053740054,0.00005395959,0.000022699878,0.00010128368,0.0007462589],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962155,0.00012533924,0.0006415982,0.00032712502,0.00035875666,0.0023316569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986236,0.000069220005,0.00036923884,0.0006315001,0.00014638736,0.00016006196],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015017457,0.0004078039,0.00049372244,0.0001935226,0.00030567852,0.000087329594,0.0008242798,0.0002961394,0.00019681583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017181941,0.00026441776,0.00058934174,0.00022635513,0.00014958796,0.000053544063,0.00020138791,0.0031022455,0.000040547275],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009190158,0.00008006296,0.004168769,0.0001625284,0.001359719,0.000004074481,0.0017485145,0.91645926,0.0054908134,0.06093126,0.00008056962,0.00942252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007481985,0.010735969,0.22007976,0.01388308,0.002198446,0.002473212,0.028695753,0.41851485,0.0560034,0.21754792,0.012657868,0.009727751],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5651771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3360425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4979444,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013961906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0039353874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401727310","doi":"10.1360/tb-2024-0767","title":"Legacy mines: geothermal energy exploitation and storage","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Earth science; Geology; Paleontology","score_opus":0.006615967906971288,"score_gpt":0.23324309783062222,"score_spread":0.22662712992365094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401727310","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9691093,0.0009543812,0.00074711005,0.0030408064,0.0009677666,0.00011999871,0.00001073935,0.00038631394,0.02466358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898921,0.000050461244,0.00046337093,0.0003863712,0.00049740955,0.00007396758,0.00002421015,0.000051535324,0.008560528],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99772483,0.00005755668,0.0003514533,0.000828411,0.0005740219,0.0004637186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988129,0.00018231409,0.000078487385,0.00050203083,0.0001433343,0.00028092499],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005005496,0.00036056587,0.00026948657,0.0004457693,0.0006108295,0.00065867376,0.0005156857,0.00009659099,0.0015617566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017323912,0.00025058535,0.000114767136,0.0016988436,0.0005115593,0.0009113218,0.00021126829,0.00013552418,0.0006687779],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002664664,0.0007559407,0.014834245,0.00073547754,0.0002355374,0.00041511838,0.008732363,0.07224912,0.28589776,0.48577726,0.04490191,0.085198775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007422948,0.00009287895,0.031951863,0.00016462019,0.000027533168,0.00015392837,0.00076657423,0.06899886,0.00026518354,0.0036251997,0.89239305,0.0008180364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004241616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001712637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84749115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000085495405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001212522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401799508","doi":"10.1186/s40517-024-00310-9","title":"Multi-objective optimization and long-time simulation of a multi-borehole ground heat exchanger system","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Computer science; Environmental science; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.01454565556277466,"score_gpt":0.24036292210114982,"score_spread":0.22581726653837517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401799508","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28201708,0.00731346,0.7008632,0.00016452714,0.0007229234,0.00067994866,0.00013768212,0.0012669864,0.006834214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99193233,0.000032054246,0.0017935733,0.00005156324,0.00024438585,0.0001466385,0.000079512945,0.000100774756,0.00561919],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984128,0.00012262863,0.00044268495,0.00049616524,0.00021419537,0.00031152196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992223,0.00011022968,0.00009622733,0.00033467222,0.00012563048,0.00011094508],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016723652,0.0002845991,0.00034152687,0.00021160278,0.00012909115,0.000084653555,0.00013657432,0.00020032328,0.0002325086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011242106,0.00025960366,0.000116368334,0.00038157057,0.00009587778,0.00025264118,0.00006336805,0.00008731721,0.00004837896],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018411281,0.00007531845,0.000038824586,0.0001506797,0.000104547,0.000009283944,0.00046775432,0.98114705,0.006531746,0.0077089597,0.00000613234,0.0037412825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005829792,0.000044482083,0.0013098934,0.00019898411,0.000048925096,0.000021117468,0.00014085358,0.99180466,0.00094393647,0.000010551275,0.0046244375,0.00026920813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015193357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005091739,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7099152,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001025039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038323433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402747577","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124452","title":"Performance analysis of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump with a single vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Tube (container); Heat pump; Materials science; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0105727580660389,"score_gpt":0.19045287065714606,"score_spread":0.17988011259110714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402747577","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98294723,0.0002456812,0.009189563,0.00004280172,0.000074588796,0.0001646523,0.0000060371544,0.00035908318,0.006970375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99886596,0.0000068416953,0.00024557603,0.00003739683,0.00015830166,0.00020929577,0.000038789938,0.00009872425,0.00033910747],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984564,0.000014054715,0.00037038626,0.0004143951,0.00029992327,0.00044485115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992839,0.00009097412,0.000019906145,0.0004401767,0.000036683003,0.00012835763],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013770886,0.00030964747,0.00046024885,0.0003107376,0.00008490277,0.000093308874,0.00020393314,0.00013155527,0.00017431205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000031685213,0.00025770473,0.00016582721,0.0013294279,0.000057470825,0.0001339916,0.000056679153,0.00019940433,0.00004183486],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003379881,0.00007031608,0.00005871809,0.00014309109,0.000977613,0.0000051920856,0.00046559944,0.69967735,0.28726402,0.008224623,0.0000015757645,0.0030780763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042323698,0.000102000406,0.01533998,0.0001470925,0.0009174796,0.000025822002,0.00013572777,0.94920164,0.018984618,0.0000049432874,0.014181967,0.0005354889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020614148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012246163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2682794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010239323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002231479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998754},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402769914","doi":"10.1115/es2024-126975","title":"Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Performance of a Prototype Direct-Expansion Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System in a Cold Climate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Thermal; Thermal expansion; Environmental science; Cold climate; Nuclear engineering; Materials science; Aerospace engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering physics; Meteorology; Engineering; Physics; Heat exchanger; Composite material","score_opus":0.013930885412521469,"score_gpt":0.22704814278019153,"score_spread":0.21311725736767007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402769914","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98471403,0.0001811228,0.0000033822962,0.000046796606,0.00010322934,0.0005843114,0.000005417081,0.00007966369,0.014282069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990891,0.0000032346495,0.000041242045,0.00001584335,0.000026064781,0.00050097896,0.0000042772217,0.000020400677,0.00029882556],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990184,0.00007934787,0.00039738548,0.00017739061,0.00017943067,0.00014804985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995771,0.00002458599,0.00006506388,0.00026921032,0.00003504768,0.000029007057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019653537,0.00011143339,0.00018269513,0.00006422336,0.000053964377,0.00001609422,0.00013653959,0.00007093392,0.00003711852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023133646,0.000071022456,0.00007033164,0.0003847952,0.000059152673,0.000100776335,0.00004995456,0.00007014149,0.000012651185],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030458696,0.00004751418,0.0057289936,0.0005134258,0.000017228766,5.662188e-7,0.00062810146,0.008721324,0.9578814,0.026195679,0.0000057968327,0.00022953756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021454105,0.00008447765,0.02211811,0.0007467441,0.000009259188,0.000004138987,0.00035314454,0.074349836,0.9014971,0.000002065348,0.00053167134,0.000088889516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004844633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021627365,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06562851,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000068078705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052737436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7323668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402851592","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.133260","title":"A multiphysics simulator for stope-coupled heat exchanger operation in deep underground mines","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Multiphysics; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Mining engineering; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Finite element method","score_opus":0.017923400930850618,"score_gpt":0.2592578746428891,"score_spread":0.24133447371203845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402851592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6275127,0.010946462,0.3437838,0.0030522044,0.002599351,0.0014228099,0.000049901824,0.0010538476,0.009578938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98871535,0.0000368455,0.00033716872,0.00028640832,0.0005793347,0.00088286184,0.00010431965,0.000064385924,0.008993342],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989423,0.00003592245,0.0002825118,0.00035567736,0.00012219662,0.0002613551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994336,0.00017600041,0.000022654636,0.00026043056,0.00004720256,0.00006012576],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000098474775,0.00018396931,0.00022811674,0.00011312701,0.00008569124,0.00011204169,0.00012494312,0.000110379326,0.000092325216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017839331,0.00016206017,0.000103873695,0.00026795114,0.000021779002,0.0001745141,0.000026280632,0.0000478736,0.000031358515],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011971578,0.000059634116,0.000007735589,0.00020538864,0.00003687682,0.000003545415,0.0002796735,0.685218,0.013117933,0.29883772,0.00011071137,0.0021108433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040807194,0.000028115472,0.00004648032,0.00013043612,0.000017548417,0.0000021282833,0.00009574257,0.87206084,0.0016125473,0.0021403325,0.12324844,0.0002093444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016702974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020563355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36120266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008848732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003592824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973088},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402862000","doi":"10.3390/en17194825","title":"An Overview of Silica Scaling Reduction Technologies in the Geothermal Market","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","keywords":"Reduction (mathematics); Geothermal gradient; Scaling; Environmental science; Process engineering; Engineering; Geology; Mathematics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.02748878400897239,"score_gpt":0.28704461209496485,"score_spread":0.2595558280859925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402862000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97015357,0.010575741,0.00002245118,0.0010182568,0.00016012773,0.00009424706,0.000006110661,0.00041180282,0.017557675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99846447,0.00048825383,0.00018142743,0.000018052988,0.00009550148,0.00011862034,0.0000060572875,0.000018696444,0.00060889823],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991971,0.00008412609,0.00023460262,0.00019803316,0.00013484132,0.00015126378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946916,0.000057872316,0.000040353993,0.0004043746,0.000017980346,0.000010237252],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028842437,0.00010538266,0.0001321695,0.000118961216,0.000051912288,0.000050879386,0.0002935771,0.00008592911,0.00011417117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012596921,0.000070437316,0.000059844428,0.0004447723,0.000092269074,0.00013857508,0.000025978688,0.0001040355,0.000011313078],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008115835,0.00006353046,0.00006529455,0.000114618575,0.000024753332,0.000004873452,0.0010786805,0.217966,0.040323164,0.67003995,0.0005578315,0.06975317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040170943,0.0001501237,0.011909663,0.00085496955,0.00006958954,0.00013031841,0.031506784,0.060753603,0.077651195,0.033405315,0.7824252,0.0007415085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036578376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024583994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7818674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017097525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019069175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5529581},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402911875","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138506","title":"Machine learning-assisted characterization of the thermal conductivity of cement-based grouts for borehole heat exchangers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Construction and Building Materials","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal conductivity; Heat exchanger; Materials science; Cement; Characterization (materials science); Composite material; Thermal; Grout; Geotechnical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.018990421519118443,"score_gpt":0.23934580268641992,"score_spread":0.22035538116730147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402911875","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99651873,0.00004807535,0.0021415963,0.00020463714,0.0006205931,0.0002074843,0.00011506301,0.000046888617,0.00009695635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999317,0.0000074178993,0.00035025418,0.000016976148,0.000087061904,0.000057001387,0.00005798565,0.000014987213,0.000091346716],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937475,0.00007831977,0.00024524936,0.00014406022,0.00007194192,0.000085677944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996755,0.00003277242,0.000118294935,0.000107143955,0.000047647773,0.000018634291],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017770776,0.000088116605,0.0001687878,0.00005314272,0.00009261743,0.000037348247,0.000052356158,0.000056250658,0.00013536346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014710262,0.00006343953,0.000048909773,0.00010787478,0.00011079583,0.00006499038,0.000018655302,0.000030346255,4.786656e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023684364,0.000012049062,0.00041582182,0.00020520294,0.000025156869,5.0299736e-8,0.000048050708,0.0004531961,0.9668464,0.02561554,0.0000016631534,0.0063531846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028706633,0.000024731753,0.004796102,0.00011916254,0.00003280866,0.0000052356945,0.000027077462,0.0015949002,0.9844831,0.00009319886,0.0084654465,0.00007115039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005901909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008139446,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02552234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012780043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020615402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2586989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402955925","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121482","title":"Experimental investigation of ground-source heat pump system coupled to vertical and horizontal ground loops: A case study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat pump; Horizontal and vertical; Environmental science; Mechanics; Meteorology; Physics; Geology; Geodesy; Thermodynamics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01584046723946895,"score_gpt":0.24330795722711226,"score_spread":0.22746748998764332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402955925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939471,0.0010579664,0.003033672,0.000047687106,0.00026978026,0.00023758665,0.000005775066,0.00024304308,0.001157401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99768776,0.0000036538333,0.000079567166,0.00004377796,0.00026736822,0.00036341252,0.000018950115,0.00006773983,0.0014677591],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982092,0.00012619069,0.00049968774,0.0005465348,0.000304948,0.0003134726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999119,0.00009337523,0.00003285325,0.00039804177,0.000067504254,0.00028922988],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019934727,0.0002672292,0.00036876783,0.00016708962,0.00017649311,0.00014943033,0.00013412056,0.000116070776,0.000039524042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010305613,0.00024634498,0.00007001813,0.0005656199,0.00007426771,0.00017042134,0.00011252783,0.00006915377,0.000014213444],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000805749,0.00037932256,0.00033859862,0.00026867754,0.0003596866,0.0010340258,0.0050181644,0.46159095,0.47195435,0.057970382,0.00013327273,0.00087202195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026949956,0.0024050213,0.00060978025,0.00077713106,0.00035229544,0.0071568214,0.07839214,0.67188674,0.2132712,0.00022113934,0.02074372,0.0014890317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.65785784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014568713,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6432891,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002093455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000758599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403093669","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2024.103146","title":"GeoProp: A thermophysical property modelling framework for single and two-phase geothermal geofluids","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; European Commission; Werner Siemens-Stiftung; Energi Simulation","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Property (philosophy); Geothermal energy; Phase (matter); Geology; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geophysics","score_opus":0.03332213765504235,"score_gpt":0.2826035890461619,"score_spread":0.24928145139111954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403093669","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.50613296,0.002308635,0.475999,0.0010734419,0.0006360048,0.0012732749,0.00010034848,0.00091059675,0.011565774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835716,0.000039400788,0.0083239,0.00038196016,0.0012337572,0.0005880247,0.000031762604,0.00020744535,0.005622174],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982015,0.00004335438,0.0003912281,0.0006179184,0.00019700718,0.00054898096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990594,0.00019304162,0.0000656783,0.0004605513,0.000071083465,0.00015027895],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021906625,0.00033185264,0.00032929945,0.000080762395,0.00022911523,0.00023775,0.00022602691,0.00019686029,0.00015211114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001825893,0.00023251725,0.00017886398,0.00022194204,0.00013510906,0.00016608651,0.000059448186,0.00023469042,0.00010443151],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117807096,0.00029411857,0.0000039965003,0.0001808686,0.00014533638,0.000013137456,0.0008688511,0.13899918,0.038826056,0.696582,0.00010612972,0.12386249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011022615,0.00016893652,0.0000039706647,0.00016941737,0.00006757134,0.00004248729,0.00010875621,0.79996127,0.0018784371,0.057628274,0.13842493,0.00044365873],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021253068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004602074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6609621,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053648553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058570957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9481778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403330455","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111035","title":"Numerical evaluation of ground source heat pumps in a thawing permafrost region","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Permafrost; Environmental science; Heat pump; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Oceanography","score_opus":0.02181890622676523,"score_gpt":0.260785978073179,"score_spread":0.23896707184641375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403330455","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94464403,0.0016405067,0.052904293,0.00015474788,0.00031751386,0.000050832536,6.483542e-7,0.000029420622,0.00025798654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99888486,0.000015521717,0.00073440437,0.0000061095116,0.00029504034,0.000006725235,9.1829656e-7,0.0000273621,0.000029079343],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989768,0.000033593788,0.00042696996,0.000095492556,0.00033088546,0.00013620783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959624,0.000080890815,0.00006993231,0.000099166304,0.00010810944,0.000045643075],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069901766,0.000092125454,0.00019245315,0.00027272527,0.000018060497,0.000038253183,0.00010260175,0.000054977954,0.000015345153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008583223,0.000082680046,0.00009139145,0.00039117615,0.000007088512,0.00018147216,0.000013074272,0.00019500147,0.0000013618401],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034171915,0.000013285304,0.00017579252,0.000057744055,0.000027260141,0.000009438614,0.00030643737,0.9407011,0.051411856,0.0034634247,0.000009774125,0.0038204538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023386667,0.000024190662,0.002939733,0.000725908,0.00003700458,0.00023292351,0.00008277106,0.9878834,0.0027885227,0.00012318564,0.004835525,0.00009296621],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090844656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007048189,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05424079,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015843543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004815206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33715945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403404212","doi":"10.1080/01457632.2024.2407673","title":"Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Earth Air Heat Exchangers for Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Inlet; Gas turbines; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Air cooling; Materials science; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.01736294427414354,"score_gpt":0.23387359959600046,"score_spread":0.21651065532185693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403404212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9676248,0.00048843806,0.029977214,0.0001510259,0.0002832686,0.00078441796,0.00005045321,0.00044016566,0.00020026279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99892944,0.000014325196,0.00020796915,0.000016727852,0.00018416755,0.0004737596,0.000017834811,0.00007603651,0.00007970927],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988283,0.000012477053,0.0003891429,0.0003732928,0.00009940463,0.00029738442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946254,0.000073435534,0.0000032685755,0.0003534269,0.000026511862,0.000080791244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018465279,0.00022436066,0.0003283827,0.00015676851,0.00005315596,0.000017460012,0.00014108549,0.00009566602,0.00004339445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000044198596,0.00021984677,0.00013936848,0.00020168777,0.00001685741,0.00009534928,0.000012931475,0.00013722296,0.000011983647],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023247127,0.000080673606,0.000093398674,0.00037924707,0.00009002987,0.0000023550374,0.0006910434,0.9516063,0.041439053,0.0051564854,0.000009119432,0.0004290807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002374862,0.0006203158,0.003675138,0.00045912416,0.00017142612,0.000028404624,0.00086086756,0.8295444,0.12033166,0.00008809045,0.041006327,0.00083937595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032042225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012348203,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.122061856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006381153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025992209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8965091},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403558590","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121618","title":"Three-dimensional analysis of multiple inclined borehole heat exchangers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.016053629423962802,"score_gpt":0.23821813437381809,"score_spread":0.2221645049498553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403558590","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7465516,0.017879715,0.13770033,0.0014916976,0.0019372496,0.0003598038,0.0004758846,0.0016320192,0.091971725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917325,0.00003351579,0.0006330833,0.00012145605,0.00022960773,0.00009682371,0.000301356,0.00004736716,0.0068043247],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984772,0.00003967435,0.0004395785,0.00043542963,0.00030289107,0.0003052287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990419,0.0001765325,0.00006001892,0.0005149318,0.00008405422,0.00012255955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001631387,0.00020783143,0.0004263375,0.0004974732,0.00009515655,0.00003656101,0.00020763207,0.00013976103,0.00088201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018674138,0.00018140402,0.0003397312,0.001893523,0.00006085423,0.000090878406,0.00007986587,0.000060666356,0.000025401656],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012068047,0.000057013145,0.00027831274,0.000022041067,0.00084884657,0.000007286809,0.000035302066,0.94883996,0.029219836,0.017386619,0.0013762495,0.0019164789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001785991,0.000025574675,0.0007165701,0.000044484994,0.0003235984,0.000002409537,0.00001951712,0.76664174,0.0154547645,0.0008457316,0.21554817,0.00019880992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.49332762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12319084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37013677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006409324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077192555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.965739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404565497","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.133898","title":"Techno-economic analysis of hybrid solar-assisted geothermal and biomass heating systems in remote subarctic communities (Nunavik, Canada)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Biomass (ecology); Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Environmental protection; Environmental engineering; Geography; Oceanography; Geology; Archaeology","score_opus":0.011207960327236295,"score_gpt":0.21717551489026388,"score_spread":0.2059675545630276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404565497","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99213785,0.0023917914,0.00051151536,0.00014805183,0.00016969389,0.000055419336,0.00006419559,0.00009306837,0.0044284076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990593,0.000046695866,0.00007170476,0.00003240014,0.00005501074,0.000035917947,0.00007898561,0.00003996812,0.00057998486],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99867105,0.000111967514,0.0005374324,0.00024788722,0.00015536758,0.0002763132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917215,0.0001669675,0.000116762705,0.00044383068,0.000030800606,0.00006945935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021865896,0.00019509511,0.00045964317,0.00047978666,0.0001021139,0.00007604235,0.00021005995,0.00006837626,0.000060397044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000056670656,0.00019174539,0.00009110026,0.000618572,0.00007955761,0.00007995653,0.00006721083,0.000115993374,0.0000016419351],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009784492,0.000026859163,0.0028579428,0.0001908165,0.0009922093,0.00003865365,0.00025589045,0.8947353,0.0047363974,0.084185325,0.000023160288,0.011947702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001507903,0.00001640612,0.0069483453,0.00015419064,0.00017477109,0.00003440886,0.0010101096,0.979331,0.00139607,0.00018574778,0.010357106,0.00024103007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9986193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.967036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08459576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029580414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000230527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.781915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404626022","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.133947","title":"Probabilistic assessment of the thermal performance of low-enthalpy geothermal system under impact of spatially correlated heterogeneity by using XGBoost algorithms","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Enthalpy; Probabilistic logic; Algorithm; Thermal; Computer science; Environmental science; Chemistry; Data mining; Thermodynamics; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Geophysics","score_opus":0.013612406495842364,"score_gpt":0.2632870161941792,"score_spread":0.24967460969833685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404626022","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99415404,0.00038647794,0.002418389,0.000011275103,0.00030987844,0.00016331051,0.00010172313,0.00005564869,0.0023992532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99938935,0.000008155959,0.000111627895,0.0000074982668,0.00007519695,0.000036407866,0.000026332735,0.000057735397,0.00028772236],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981522,0.00017153358,0.0007185154,0.00029471307,0.00038380054,0.00027924927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987656,0.00007395602,0.00038986266,0.00056067086,0.00014395123,0.0000659468],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021858953,0.00025487898,0.00042110926,0.0000767199,0.000082664206,0.000020243077,0.00035653,0.00014865771,0.00010774614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000051467186,0.0001697796,0.00032247292,0.0003972765,0.00017141856,0.00009445985,0.00009294535,0.00012673043,0.0000018474644],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014598968,0.00011535158,0.0019505431,0.0002903963,0.0002576496,8.907541e-7,0.000055795004,0.8369878,0.14420474,0.01449299,0.0000072349753,0.0016220155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029420858,0.00012876617,0.0159003,0.0005190218,0.00008090922,0.000018293593,0.000030559302,0.92992324,0.052793887,0.000017589407,0.00010740356,0.00018585224],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03084488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021483208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.092935406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002223971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029028283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9756088},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404734853","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124986","title":"Thermal performance of a solar-assisted slinky foundation heat exchanger coupled with a heat pump in a cold climate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Heat pump; Foundation (evidence); Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Cold climate; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Physics; Geography","score_opus":0.008186980554893948,"score_gpt":0.19450320313283895,"score_spread":0.186316222577945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404734853","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99427265,0.00017927946,0.0009028568,0.000052104533,0.000101248195,0.0003735279,0.000005400356,0.00028557747,0.003827383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99865675,0.000025919788,0.0003227059,0.00003134885,0.00013972593,0.0005948879,0.000031051244,0.00010106709,0.00009651945],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985711,0.000013754501,0.00040344585,0.00033853238,0.00022629417,0.00044684674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947697,0.00006151974,0.000036983474,0.00031940677,0.000032626198,0.000072515635],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023590053,0.00028008758,0.00032927786,0.00019094851,0.000060970484,0.000059775866,0.00016907298,0.00012421378,0.00013306132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000021584128,0.00023839269,0.00006475364,0.00054549443,0.00003402923,0.00015629719,0.000046550555,0.0002229883,0.00006773223],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047455218,0.00003466727,0.00006940604,0.00023517365,0.0000469376,0.000005009863,0.00026293093,0.5502112,0.43284643,0.014958132,4.110307e-7,0.0012822724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008229164,0.00007806273,0.006825494,0.00038424064,0.000037223377,0.000011585969,0.000064586,0.94572586,0.04273548,0.000003542077,0.002930653,0.0003803673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010716391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013232564,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3955147,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009156604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003931485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97213715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404845237","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121985","title":"Performance of a sedimentation tank for standing column wells coupled with geothermal heat pump systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Sedimentation; Geothermal heating; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Column (typography); Heat pump; Geothermal energy; Geology; Water column; Engineering; Oceanography; Geomorphology; Mechanical engineering; Sediment; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.011029212473534743,"score_gpt":0.22286232012859983,"score_spread":0.21183310765506508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404845237","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93455297,0.0020612204,0.0396264,0.00012641221,0.0007565893,0.00055715867,0.0000715402,0.0003605533,0.02188713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981321,0.00010028977,0.00022658308,0.00003580678,0.00030359902,0.0006028871,0.00009143268,0.00008007507,0.017238367],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985686,0.00003510149,0.00041655707,0.00035515215,0.00027527113,0.00034929885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992903,0.00010973378,0.00009877066,0.0002998783,0.000113760034,0.00008754169],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020503796,0.00021311785,0.0003203072,0.00013523157,0.00014684894,0.00009489449,0.00015126403,0.00010592774,0.00013050447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000035965584,0.0001792178,0.000083107385,0.00039640072,0.00005193789,0.0001938875,0.000019218147,0.000044751487,0.00000852446],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007971491,0.00004250748,0.00009287875,0.00035105413,0.00013156596,0.0000021711378,0.000080359794,0.93132806,0.041988302,0.025395596,0.00023848277,0.00026932638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005763759,0.0002837243,0.000036496047,0.00038611484,0.000059061877,0.000018387294,0.00020347045,0.85827196,0.02731288,0.000048740658,0.11257761,0.00022516513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12438326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019029054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.122480355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013064528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012017867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88144755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405011627","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104098","title":"Heat extraction evaluation of series/parallel U-shaped wells in middle-deep geothermal exploitation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Extraction (chemistry); Series (stratigraphy); Petroleum engineering; Geothermal heating; Geology; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Chemistry; Chromatography; Geophysics; Paleontology","score_opus":0.02354851692224687,"score_gpt":0.2991672797037168,"score_spread":0.27561876278146996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405011627","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9216891,0.0064448062,0.023137245,0.0015590872,0.0004015368,0.0005816605,0.000007802245,0.0011090516,0.045069728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951243,0.00047061974,0.00061627274,0.00001540307,0.000027369124,0.00058488676,0.000030301391,0.000031768173,0.0030990797],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985515,0.00006879538,0.0003643395,0.0003581195,0.00032358145,0.00033370085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994242,0.00004881453,0.000060675382,0.00026997572,0.00017092553,0.00002539195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045474974,0.00017703774,0.00019357388,0.00035678712,0.00010016179,0.00008369103,0.00014726992,0.0002146897,0.00012613015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003936084,0.00016998393,0.00004987893,0.0005843671,0.00008438131,0.0005588376,0.00011772618,0.00012868307,0.0000031137636],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029269291,0.00009410286,0.00013769067,0.00020463245,0.00006112158,0.000019276607,0.00012609735,0.08035435,0.0037689104,0.7433371,0.00004822719,0.17181921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016255261,0.0003433047,0.0023972865,0.00037285994,0.00013501148,0.000035725967,0.08568018,0.6443202,0.011507177,0.17235082,0.0805435,0.00068840705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0100029465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005719806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5709863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017567296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000102768296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99658954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405080149","doi":"10.1007/978-981-97-8313-7_79","title":"Feasibility Study of a Hybrid Solar Ground Source Heat Pump to Supply the Heating and Cooling Demands of a Community in Toronto, Ontario","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Environmental science; Passive cooling; Meteorology; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geography; Heat exchanger; Thermal","score_opus":0.015397531680132996,"score_gpt":0.23154870500619412,"score_spread":0.21615117332606112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405080149","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873432,0.0011913185,0.0044906083,0.000030665953,0.000099877405,0.00070802955,0.000015117947,0.00004789475,0.006073318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99907565,0.000008051323,0.000084552885,0.000023962948,0.00006319767,0.00007117697,0.00001055071,0.000072649316,0.0005902003],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986198,0.000046166333,0.0006316215,0.0002709789,0.00019809925,0.00023331639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872285,0.00048443757,0.0000818004,0.0006154763,0.000042395488,0.000053011663],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053950405,0.0003398828,0.00062450365,0.00012556919,0.000067541274,0.00003077895,0.00027022167,0.00014460484,0.000059928334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000072057555,0.0002873119,0.00008427321,0.00008620086,0.00003064219,0.00004370957,0.00020988373,0.0009004459,6.4700845e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022200446,0.0000752194,0.0015475482,0.0003170108,0.000082609455,0.0000042289034,0.012490414,0.9823123,0.00048896665,0.001866419,4.887168e-7,0.0007925628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011248099,0.004458949,0.17086774,0.028467301,0.0016559459,0.0005180472,0.011198671,0.69039583,0.009056788,0.030536652,0.032935597,0.008660385],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6932206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.958318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29191652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005721925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047008736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999579},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405212374","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111562","title":"Corrigendum to “An off-grid solar district energy system with borehole thermal energy storage: Life cycle assessment in a subarctic region” [J. Build. Eng. 91 (2024) 109576]","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Journal of Building Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Subarctic climate; Borehole; Environmental science; Thermal energy storage; Grid; Solar energy; Energy storage; Thermal; Meteorology; Engineering; Geology; Electrical engineering; Geography; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Geodesy; Thermodynamics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.008843706314417053,"score_gpt":0.2202178923323431,"score_spread":0.21137418601792604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405212374","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06607433,0.049917884,0.65607744,0.0023651174,0.20011504,0.0013312206,0.0003307922,0.0019629605,0.02182521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96296644,0.00034681874,0.0023739263,0.00013378609,0.00939085,0.00020982057,0.00007806192,0.00053679146,0.02396348],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956585,0.00015978336,0.0015298885,0.0007455262,0.001022375,0.00088392384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972157,0.00007956853,0.0008134307,0.0008683593,0.00028408703,0.0007388608],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006079069,0.00087279035,0.0013547773,0.0013277592,0.00014242163,0.0003639268,0.0009935305,0.00058086665,0.000035703928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052050495,0.0007498663,0.00038311523,0.0012065697,0.000029746012,0.00036459276,0.00017701603,0.0019113646,0.000005308182],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042202017,0.00011835619,0.00002298,0.0005183943,0.00043186086,0.0009986771,0.00015334226,0.9386865,0.00091840525,0.018310301,0.03675429,0.0030446732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00054416794,0.0003519374,0.0005328133,0.003506777,0.00022404974,0.0006807487,0.00027218318,0.2640379,0.00009647258,0.000016206079,0.7288084,0.0009283052],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066959485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00078289997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89689213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013787171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008404929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405291884","doi":"10.4138/atlgeo.2024.012","title":"Geothermal data from southeastern New Brunswick: implications for potential geothermal energy projects and carbon sequestration in eastern Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atlantic Geoscience","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geology; Borehole; Earth science; Geochemistry; Paleontology","score_opus":0.03064204275186254,"score_gpt":0.25240816147038814,"score_spread":0.22176611871852558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405291884","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97992325,0.00043158757,0.0158994,0.0020215088,0.0003370113,0.000297417,0.00014208337,0.000091488044,0.000856264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952819,0.000021127496,0.00033183553,0.0001689484,0.0003780689,0.00004866029,0.00028069402,0.000032740005,0.003456032],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982345,0.000041405197,0.0003412655,0.0007649535,0.00020138871,0.00041645553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902266,0.00008402036,0.00007723848,0.00063708547,0.000033608147,0.00014537695],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001571318,0.00020250848,0.00018752407,0.000082272934,0.00011659656,0.00024736198,0.0005192997,0.00008173478,0.00001965893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016218655,0.00018609737,0.000027133223,0.000280309,0.00007375547,0.0003263055,0.00013005354,0.00008719224,0.0000045827032],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014115025,0.00032291212,0.32833824,0.00043196554,0.00025926335,0.00012879822,0.0026766493,0.05206132,0.08192526,0.47104168,0.0011741894,0.06149858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005285218,0.00003782289,0.20310342,0.00015154143,0.000052654836,0.000048505553,0.00023743648,0.7616724,0.00013016979,0.0018723332,0.03169182,0.00047340684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99365807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.96038264,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70961106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000045484474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017167884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.758883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405412441","doi":"10.1177/17442591241298657","title":"Energy targeting of abandoned mines to supply greenhouse energy demand in cold climates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Physics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental science; Greenhouse; Energy consumption; Thermal energy storage; Environmental engineering; Greenhouse gas; Energy recovery; Process engineering; Engineering; Energy (signal processing); Geology; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.01021194086975031,"score_gpt":0.2441803180358385,"score_spread":0.2339683771660882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405412441","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756356,0.0021996265,0.020612327,0.00047790754,0.000395438,0.000043684642,0.000012113312,0.000039835468,0.00058346713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966453,0.00016100463,0.0019963153,0.000093775765,0.0007437021,0.00001235845,0.0000026940806,0.000049667593,0.00029518123],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985071,0.000055724016,0.0007500744,0.00017156576,0.00026044488,0.0002551342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991359,0.00018442067,0.00028890243,0.00015734001,0.00012751819,0.00010587806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028462787,0.00017325146,0.00041815592,0.00021829907,0.000046425,0.000058014604,0.00023576716,0.000071170754,0.000015759804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002207918,0.00014868974,0.00018737641,0.00057555764,0.000026962878,0.00019861161,0.00005093191,0.00010169635,0.0000016721348],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004102825,0.00013663733,0.0009846587,0.000096295356,0.000113713635,0.000036134083,0.00038532304,0.24515715,0.44598722,0.29908288,0.001477493,0.0065014577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001106531,0.00027993813,0.00062217255,0.0016894152,0.00011400947,0.000063370724,0.00020273612,0.032103904,0.71243423,0.013666744,0.23715477,0.0005622097],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038034804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004188786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28541613,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000056535242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006025833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60633916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405444260","doi":"10.3390/pr12122867","title":"Study of the Transient Heat Transfer of a Single-U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger by Integrating a Forward-Difference Numerical Scheme with an Analytical Technique","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Heat transfer; Mechanics; Heat exchanger; Grout; Borehole; Transient (computer programming); Computer simulation; NTU method; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Heat transfer coefficient; Materials science; Micro heat exchanger; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Physics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.026489418090625345,"score_gpt":0.26507621869420894,"score_spread":0.2385868006035836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405444260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665298,0.00058130705,0.031049538,0.00022876213,0.000018142728,0.0004965056,0.000017585575,0.00008730936,0.000991052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990694,0.000007244902,0.0002601819,0.000026065323,0.000028414353,0.0004665328,0.000005135832,0.000032564054,0.000104446255],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988186,0.00005733261,0.0003329577,0.00031778272,0.00029010625,0.00018322846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994433,0.000071650786,0.000014958195,0.00026942277,0.00014082671,0.000059863836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010268821,0.00018214548,0.00029163345,0.0000551407,0.000067242974,0.000041012972,0.00023598617,0.00006687524,0.000036581874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001708476,0.00010260556,0.00005696676,0.0007806434,0.00009615512,0.00010039802,0.000016754104,0.00014252697,6.6634806e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049437693,0.01196865,0.0038689054,0.009020237,0.0009704286,0.000017780587,0.05410274,0.008289632,0.87261015,0.028388511,0.000079626,0.010188948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044229478,0.016405858,0.00564415,0.0073974812,0.0015791345,0.00032339277,0.051487584,0.08827064,0.7863181,0.0019979617,0.033084173,0.0030685589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004088479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016807611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08629204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024945304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007916036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6180585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405713496","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5069716","title":"Energetic and Techno-Economic Analysis of Harvesting Energy from Low-Grade Heat by Thermo-Osmotic Energy Conversion","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Energy (signal processing); Heat energy; Economic analysis; Energy harvesting; Low energy; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Chemistry; Economics; Nuclear engineering; Physics; Agricultural economics; Mathematics; Engineering; Atomic physics; Statistics","score_opus":0.005044035499708936,"score_gpt":0.20379896765705788,"score_spread":0.19875493215734893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405713496","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9427928,0.043900285,0.009163831,0.0007675467,0.0006119549,0.00010956321,0.00023375906,0.00019232246,0.0022279776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985715,0.009967062,0.000059845912,0.00007004702,0.00038824455,0.000051923387,0.00034521052,0.00012458087,0.0032781013],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959128,0.00019689286,0.0010756557,0.00089763553,0.00033759448,0.0015794217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982607,0.00014855889,0.0005964533,0.0007131597,0.0000803294,0.00020080662],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005618563,0.00060930685,0.0011115255,0.0007586324,0.0002022291,0.0001774785,0.00068659784,0.0005836508,0.0001936042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015495065,0.00056735077,0.0006305846,0.0004744216,0.00015309555,0.00008282952,0.0005290226,0.0018518349,0.000010705794],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041485364,0.00015183726,0.00032951502,0.00009920133,0.01118368,0.000009647556,0.00016038862,0.4245247,0.035077527,0.5053176,0.00017303607,0.02293137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012777752,0.00024455294,0.00031093144,0.00073416554,0.007830291,0.00015588915,0.0011757092,0.4612743,0.021890532,0.484618,0.01857597,0.0019118771],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.24208651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021129,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22095752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011808756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009865441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405747179","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132577","title":"Unlocking geothermal energy by repurposing abandoned wells as enhanced geothermal systems for sustainable heat production: A numerical investigation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hydrology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Repurposing; Environmental science; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Geophysics; Engineering; Waste management","score_opus":0.008024296564042238,"score_gpt":0.23409507474760896,"score_spread":0.22607077818356672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405747179","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9465512,0.013119274,0.028288372,0.0042917416,0.0020575596,0.00053053856,0.000008006187,0.00019108511,0.0049622376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98561776,0.00011636889,0.00011806858,0.00034658334,0.0018127024,0.00014891042,0.000014018192,0.00007879371,0.011746779],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976979,0.00020949438,0.00090854947,0.00038328025,0.0002671436,0.00053363276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987481,0.00015546713,0.0003521813,0.00025562212,0.0003226187,0.00016596988],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006520931,0.00025256467,0.0005058463,0.00025039236,0.00024298439,0.00015829461,0.00023118379,0.00022318593,0.000081401435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008504448,0.0002161238,0.00021990719,0.0003521884,0.000100117446,0.0004096217,0.00003164474,0.000247489,0.000016486287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032282755,0.000107862164,0.000050010774,0.00027457363,0.00040108224,0.00008081041,0.00064836186,0.6713441,0.20764598,0.110818505,0.006371376,0.0019344861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087570125,0.00059541804,0.000023861183,0.00019022883,0.00012199527,0.0016223331,0.00036248373,0.06756769,0.041908965,0.0029335192,0.8834572,0.00034063388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004892822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000018523995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8770858,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018019298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002069287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8813273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405842215","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115250","title":"Optimizing economic performances of foundation earth-to-air heat exchangers for low-technology residential air-conditioning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Air conditioning; Heat exchanger; Foundation (evidence); Engineering; Earth (classical element); Environmental science; Architectural engineering; Civil engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.007251873271367814,"score_gpt":0.23285866281447123,"score_spread":0.22560678954310343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405842215","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9765124,0.00058022764,0.019336173,0.0012220124,0.00042004656,0.00010193533,0.000011543633,0.00015817644,0.0016575176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950728,0.00008162512,0.0028320733,0.00009350306,0.0003181627,0.00018373651,0.000036728605,0.000026089878,0.001355308],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99919534,0.000010144732,0.00025203754,0.00028646932,0.000058311398,0.00019769152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969304,0.000049264938,0.00004914705,0.00012873787,0.000031463464,0.000048367918],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001234705,0.00012372123,0.00017352367,0.00028764916,0.00019171019,0.000044119166,0.000102290636,0.00010923151,0.00009147706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000070455435,0.00012259748,0.00006334598,0.00017088295,0.00006352355,0.000223346,0.000041788706,0.000047391866,0.000012220631],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027544365,0.00001139961,0.000027582195,0.00011264665,0.00006969413,0.0000010117293,0.00033138227,0.27414948,0.055555962,0.65196764,0.0003578654,0.017387806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051455444,0.00019381054,0.00020121981,0.0004237154,0.000053903284,0.000024540168,0.00044066837,0.06173566,0.30281466,0.0061693643,0.62702656,0.0004013574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023402332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006447958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64579827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031120664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031352025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49993804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405999498","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.122324","title":"A thermal power budget approach to evaluate the geothermal potential of a flooded open-pit mine: Case studies from the Carey Canadian and King-Beaver mines (Canada)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Beaver; Environmental science; Mining engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.014143604136975437,"score_gpt":0.2392279052977618,"score_spread":0.22508430116078637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405999498","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9511661,0.002731807,0.00029377456,0.003645776,0.00040764056,0.00044073648,0.00014920054,0.000028098886,0.04113689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873539,0.000027518387,0.00017886673,0.0022406701,0.0001575097,0.00036404864,0.000032403084,0.000040759496,0.009604305],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99803317,0.00025095764,0.0004355228,0.0004929752,0.0003052383,0.00048211892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998401,0.00020173183,0.00011096064,0.0008627021,0.00024438437,0.00017923907],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032285796,0.0003174367,0.0004399415,0.00008308088,0.0005815506,0.00012624582,0.00079471146,0.000109169916,0.00006491691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007150886,0.0001937824,0.000082895145,0.0004642616,0.00013864109,0.0000806417,0.00036198078,0.00008478565,0.0000011012445],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005243916,0.00005135419,0.00023086749,0.0000166391,0.00065780897,0.00006493674,0.00073634717,0.96916014,0.0055625658,0.013076192,0.009164165,0.0012265643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004574543,0.0001658576,0.01213634,0.00036713586,0.001042438,0.00039714735,0.027632106,0.13558294,0.012815745,0.0024503781,0.8010092,0.0018261839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99940675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9969891,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83357716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012949355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007859304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7902217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406110122","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5084690","title":"Geothermal Potential of Low Enthalpy Reservoirs in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Aquifer; Geothermal energy; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Structural basin; Geothermal heating; Sedimentary basin; Sedimentary rock; Petrology; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Groundwater; Geotechnical engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.005577783636076267,"score_gpt":0.21711190333164462,"score_spread":0.21153411969556835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406110122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97958124,0.0031489765,0.0008212885,0.008515426,0.00093133096,0.0004887538,0.00011049176,0.000023330631,0.0063791675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931371,0.00070477184,0.000022059316,0.00064636895,0.00048523204,0.000063764775,0.000053974647,0.000030565283,0.0048561245],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963457,0.00042582778,0.00074825285,0.00033337958,0.0005852755,0.0015615546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998717,0.00006864465,0.00045778672,0.0006023101,0.00009425469,0.000060009166],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001420201,0.00031410682,0.0004366573,0.0001583739,0.0001411021,0.000050449773,0.0012573982,0.0002170029,0.00007350464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000130768485,0.0002437319,0.00021836674,0.0002075355,0.00005204014,0.00005412668,0.00022466155,0.0030863145,0.0000031507284],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021063427,0.00047139637,0.0060963095,0.0003101867,0.0012562183,0.00007966054,0.0007864171,0.8732223,0.0003866716,0.103724256,0.0022771761,0.011178796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01630073,0.0011183546,0.09889816,0.006323942,0.0017176068,0.003552461,0.040477518,0.032525945,0.003933901,0.35792634,0.43078157,0.0064434763],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9530371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.95335996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84069633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012832641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008859308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406161766","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25584","title":"New corresponding state principle based correlation of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity for pure saturated inorganic liquids","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Thermodynamics; State (computer science); Thermal; Correlation; Condensed matter physics; Mathematics; Composite material; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.006275469140400877,"score_gpt":0.2004517409908781,"score_spread":0.1941762718504772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406161766","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99717015,0.00013155903,0.0011672921,0.00093202066,0.00034912975,0.0001576266,0.000013931587,0.0000052015707,0.00007307069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994439,2.5447645e-7,0.000112729416,0.000055200642,0.000062921914,0.000004423324,0.0000012280624,0.000013575216,0.00030575582],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992773,0.000036688787,0.0003227441,0.00007170856,0.00013231787,0.00015927154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911106,0.0001570727,0.00022892423,0.00024705613,0.00016744439,0.000088428635],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000241904,0.00010249525,0.00017052838,0.000056845027,0.00009758414,0.000020197624,0.0004605287,0.0000928193,0.000018502778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028105502,0.000056774606,0.00012584394,0.0004229054,0.000050982933,0.00005444572,0.00002030916,0.0003276408,1.619862e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016493757,0.0000026789633,0.000298651,0.000020051872,0.000029398723,1.898792e-7,0.000103347375,0.41643962,0.57716405,0.0057747313,0.000042225747,0.00010856219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044472778,0.000014147245,0.005697194,0.00030871495,0.000054364617,0.000012861772,0.000020715306,0.033394825,0.95813626,0.00023156857,0.0015921259,0.000092506874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030992453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016560683,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3830448,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012291929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00094132964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46851525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406210124","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115337","title":"Utilizing the finite line source solution for evaluating heat loss and heat storage rates in borehole thermal energy storage systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Borehole; Energy storage; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Thermal; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.027419925236655523,"score_gpt":0.28659021808874213,"score_spread":0.2591702928520866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406210124","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.758407,0.019283341,0.21349595,0.0029982845,0.0016434474,0.00037043352,0.0000345426,0.00008660048,0.0036804306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941215,0.00018476293,0.00027529732,0.0004596984,0.00074678083,0.00013927202,0.00002013504,0.00006732877,0.003985247],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99693257,0.0005422914,0.0011181273,0.00039173325,0.00046302614,0.0005522827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977298,0.0008282851,0.00045471414,0.0004750266,0.00036472306,0.00014748677],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018183427,0.00039318122,0.0006913952,0.00041069186,0.0005063446,0.00021158966,0.00049237115,0.0002444384,0.000018302891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019499783,0.00029326061,0.000251406,0.0005679799,0.00013882166,0.00031954408,0.00012952634,0.00035267096,0.0000010309942],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017039377,0.00011103834,0.0001950507,0.00006919818,0.00013881955,0.000019990564,0.00027168667,0.9383118,0.018693972,0.037566412,0.00043061317,0.0040210187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022618077,0.0003100567,0.0011271387,0.0005591385,0.000120165205,0.00007614865,0.0010327115,0.79047585,0.0016021654,0.00043723523,0.20161168,0.00038592485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008246084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013549083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23571451,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027666998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020729717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406241772","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103251","title":"New guidelines for the application of the infinite line source method for thermal response tests on atypical borehole heat exchanger configurations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Line source; Line (geometry); Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Acoustics; Geometry","score_opus":0.045304304455695436,"score_gpt":0.3459769659916687,"score_spread":0.3006726615359733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406241772","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011166351,0.00024435172,0.95664513,0.028993627,0.0001885673,0.0016256735,0.000107783235,0.000071371,0.00095712155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8294698,0.000039629023,0.05908069,0.021166088,0.002223995,0.0065901065,0.0001342139,0.00022625491,0.081069216],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987899,0.00012076925,0.00047627836,0.00026082323,0.00013477293,0.00021743648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99689525,0.0017408082,0.00015968287,0.00080158864,0.00036134233,0.000041314626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006518422,0.00017735586,0.00021283865,0.00005849268,0.0003215536,0.000030226982,0.00043562305,0.00014138717,0.000030134337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046069297,0.00010604027,0.00020744638,0.0003151582,0.00006434772,0.000028401513,0.000044178312,0.00009696931,0.000006932413],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00076346274,0.000065291584,0.000026928928,0.000028389803,0.000086601445,2.1909102e-8,0.00024431638,0.5812512,0.08297628,0.19797625,0.0067674667,0.12981376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070650096,0.00005732197,0.00182369,0.000045141758,0.00006564692,0.0000010185149,0.00010891262,0.24280933,0.01087678,0.0027012192,0.74068785,0.00011659085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023316103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008327105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8975645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031661868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001532513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4324197},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406388280","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125568","title":"Performance investigation of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system coupled with novel offset pipe energy piles and solar PVT collectors for cold climate applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; University of Calgary","keywords":"Solar energy; Heat pump; Offset (computer science); Environmental science; Cold climate; Nuclear engineering; Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector; Photovoltaic system; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Materials science; Meteorology; Electrical engineering; Physics; Computer science; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.0063382086667408705,"score_gpt":0.1735796482591091,"score_spread":0.16724143959236823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406388280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85457355,0.00010481467,0.14316726,0.00003548034,0.000050937102,0.000859149,0.00006173824,0.0002867653,0.0008602888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953008,0.000014965109,0.001312827,0.00004557657,0.00007336471,0.00290986,0.00010153607,0.00007055432,0.00017047687],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860847,0.000011224817,0.000478484,0.0003759558,0.00016284929,0.000363043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991004,0.00014117852,0.00018693454,0.0003675921,0.00010445473,0.00009948114],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018641395,0.00029778774,0.0004076673,0.00017597896,0.00029355468,0.000053386422,0.00019115736,0.00015025672,0.0000032542323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004046096,0.00027909043,0.000057774294,0.00054316036,0.000077088655,0.00008845833,0.00005506851,0.000103372564,0.0000012009572],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005146846,0.00003521674,0.00020541578,0.0006722922,0.00012081089,1.0154374e-7,0.00008208522,0.34924045,0.5196358,0.12956716,0.0000031268946,0.00038607258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020664912,0.000077724624,0.005872462,0.00034582923,0.00016697911,0.000010619959,0.00029150833,0.8606112,0.11804674,0.000012565638,0.012011328,0.0004865567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010777089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010883938,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5113708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000101819285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006162245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996614},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406388460","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2024-0576","title":"Time-dependent interaction coefficients to quantify the settlement of energy pile groups","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pile; Geotechnical engineering; Settlement (finance); Environmental science; Geology; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Computer science","score_opus":0.011162989373191538,"score_gpt":0.24921049909254434,"score_spread":0.2380475097193528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406388460","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48473233,0.0012158371,0.3000706,0.09943663,0.0060548354,0.0017973798,0.0005614555,0.00038778922,0.10574311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948517,0.000010133825,0.00004621457,0.0017181082,0.00012814562,0.000037197227,0.000011560314,0.000014855277,0.0031820985],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987186,0.00009086249,0.0004612534,0.00017815828,0.00021889074,0.0003322213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898505,0.00006756616,0.00012408015,0.0003557513,0.00013681946,0.00033070557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036893293,0.00012394381,0.00017752778,0.0002575164,0.0002850053,0.00006165527,0.0004664005,0.00010680353,0.00061019394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057475412,0.00009324031,0.00011013031,0.00039358405,0.00005769937,0.00004249248,0.000057963854,0.00026873642,0.00010249606],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024312882,0.00007830305,0.00005333816,0.000006811416,0.000095668736,0.000012842982,0.00006752348,0.8393852,0.004104699,0.10887157,0.02161138,0.025688339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025554647,0.000062366205,0.0011422054,0.00009813222,0.000029974433,0.000048467075,0.0002062342,0.015249327,0.0014518551,0.000769659,0.9805461,0.00014009268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.091232985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04829686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9589348,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032082284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027132366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96906924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406736366","doi":"10.1115/imece2024-144252","title":"Energy, Economic, and Environmental Assessment of an Energy Pile-Based Solar-Assisted Residential Ground Source Heat Pump System in a Canadian Cold Climate","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Pile; Environmental science; Cold climate; Solar energy; Cold winter; Energy (signal processing); Meteorology; Engineering; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.006911385708440997,"score_gpt":0.21433574194047858,"score_spread":0.2074243562320376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406736366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827418,0.00031532202,0.0014713584,0.00018679835,0.00026436578,0.00017365225,0.00024602006,0.00015722153,0.014443516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981342,0.000026218051,0.00012985934,0.00010579598,0.00011707908,0.00017994424,0.0002223922,0.000061309314,0.0010231776],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998145,0.00014057322,0.0005620737,0.0005124564,0.00015371613,0.00048619145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991327,0.000055810877,0.00006541128,0.0003914251,0.0000074774794,0.00034715844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027288866,0.00024439578,0.00033603015,0.00031901983,0.0001392825,0.00016888302,0.00017673984,0.00016465214,0.00024894383],"category_scores_gemma":[6.286481e-7,0.00024408245,0.00008580289,0.00011261685,0.00007646088,0.00018163018,0.000048794147,0.00008622649,0.000009371548],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029773471,0.0001801579,0.0032093318,0.00025647154,0.00015321991,0.00008590132,0.00009650401,0.18700624,0.03136224,0.7730169,0.00010808303,0.0044951392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007659017,0.00010622511,0.008254037,0.00014528922,0.00004713732,0.00003435049,0.0006306366,0.88238233,0.005211434,0.000031634983,0.10199345,0.0003975784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9549364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9332566,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77298534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00088299677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030567087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99533933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406797109","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106031","title":"Thermo-hydro-mechanical calibration modelling of the full-scale emplacement experiment and sensitivity analyses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nuclear Waste Management Organization","funders":"National Weather Service; Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society; Nuclear Waste Management Organization; Baltimore Gas and Electric Company; Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Calibration; Sensitivity (control systems); Scale (ratio); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Scale model; Environmental science; Engineering; Mathematics; Aerospace engineering; Statistics; Cartography; Geography","score_opus":0.043189089477171164,"score_gpt":0.31165461151195106,"score_spread":0.2684655220347799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406797109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8297275,0.00023971206,0.16860548,0.0007768183,0.00030269794,0.000035220593,0.000002303817,0.0000030598692,0.0003072279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984176,0.00005989712,0.00129878,0.00008439048,0.000046741046,0.0000023394891,3.122027e-7,0.0000025985582,0.00008732649],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914134,0.000056935412,0.0003033742,0.00011608664,0.0003094215,0.000072855175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942434,0.000080630256,0.00026641187,0.00006174729,0.00013805619,0.000028796854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045909584,0.0000679267,0.00012541296,0.00009009098,0.00013991065,0.00005471467,0.00014497002,0.000031662843,0.000009268608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020994672,0.00004354622,0.000052939926,0.00011705344,0.0000195295,0.00010200595,0.00009403058,0.00005097818,7.202671e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017046832,0.000032726533,0.00006544059,0.0000033369615,0.000059331025,9.389555e-7,0.00035247477,0.81509405,0.092327476,0.091011465,0.000013731861,0.0010220028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020239898,0.000062598985,0.000042375337,0.00012233012,0.00002415444,0.00004181711,0.0013144965,0.96544373,0.02806981,0.0041508917,0.00047293113,0.000052475752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003460799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011019321,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16869013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018371324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056566645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17757633},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407252581","doi":"10.3390/cleantechnol7010014","title":"A Numerical Investigation of the Potential of an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) for Power Generation at Mount Meager, BC, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clean Technologies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Multiphysics; Petroleum engineering; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Thermal energy; Extraction (chemistry); Geology; Engineering; Geophysics; Finite element method; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007768796040224467,"score_gpt":0.20533238498846207,"score_spread":0.1975635889482376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407252581","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940361,0.00006800751,0.0041858703,0.00044915982,0.00020902995,0.000319293,0.000025530308,0.00017888249,0.00052816304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989011,0.0000019708,0.00043770295,0.000034766574,0.000019675974,0.00016534676,0.000014265548,0.00001339191,0.00041174912],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911916,0.000037765847,0.00035174497,0.00020268191,0.00014216083,0.00014646769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909824,0.000025751986,0.00024065873,0.0004999286,0.0001205903,0.000014812354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008759806,0.00011262719,0.00019885438,0.000056079418,0.00014074484,0.000008907008,0.0003371417,0.00013991483,0.0000075096773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049055336,0.00008391879,0.0000665679,0.00025019015,0.00013621523,0.00004579502,0.00007358716,0.000060015012,6.580956e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022187269,0.000022702065,0.0001042928,0.00010457792,0.0000509219,2.6931525e-7,0.000059642643,0.06105362,0.63637424,0.29252693,0.00031164888,0.009368963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026729552,0.000039884933,0.0028313189,0.000054118722,0.000022154814,0.000001444235,0.0021576283,0.019878155,0.9711027,0.0005559287,0.0029871177,0.000102239625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2269997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.115532294,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33472848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028633632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001355745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90060693},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407367532","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103379","title":"On the proper integration of pre-heating tanks in ground source heat pump systems combined with photovoltaic-thermal panels","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Forskningsråd; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; National Research Council Canada; Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","keywords":"Heat pump; Photovoltaic system; Thermal; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Thermal energy storage; Air source heat pumps; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Heat exchanger; Physics","score_opus":0.00984111191243835,"score_gpt":0.21557993356584423,"score_spread":0.20573882165340587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407367532","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973195,0.000107168824,0.0005096811,0.00012036507,0.00008041835,0.00044495307,9.278505e-7,0.00005908782,0.0013578645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99924636,0.0000017682776,0.00005275101,0.000025180754,0.000022586339,0.00029617784,0.0000010341116,0.000013696177,0.00034047267],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99895036,0.00003183026,0.00023056523,0.00023457826,0.0002772473,0.00027541418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995004,0.00006948337,0.000050159142,0.00024651346,0.0000907818,0.000042673317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005815538,0.00014956389,0.00017448667,0.00012593888,0.00015749015,0.00010926826,0.0002625321,0.000049113118,0.0000068550203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028545974,0.000085662665,0.000017571414,0.00073567027,0.00029956672,0.00015575947,0.000045369714,0.00013978893,0.000001277273],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000765084,0.000065933404,0.00080135406,0.000093148,0.000017513632,0.0000011195546,0.0012551106,0.69958913,0.2352485,0.056888685,0.0000012108733,0.0059617674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006905751,0.00031749049,0.08857316,0.0010972486,0.00001856394,0.000007458679,0.000871079,0.85707915,0.050444543,0.00004321519,0.0005396726,0.00031786054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031878124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043089913,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18480396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005145459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005111762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.481904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407720590","doi":"10.1002/est2.70145","title":"Performance Optimization of Double U‐Tube Borehole Heat Exchanger for Thermal Energy Storage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Storage","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Tube (container); Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Petroleum engineering; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Thermal; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.012186096081665876,"score_gpt":0.2263139784717003,"score_spread":0.2141278823900344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407720590","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29067037,0.0031807693,0.3991453,0.00108044,0.0021382042,0.00062297407,0.00013085414,0.00061712496,0.30241397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96196693,0.000106482985,0.0014443989,0.00037214,0.00032454502,0.0006649277,0.00021245197,0.00007055316,0.034837544],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828106,0.000062645166,0.000521852,0.0004647268,0.0002331389,0.00043660076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987732,0.00007368645,0.00016417379,0.0006911404,0.00020090053,0.0000968656],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018814972,0.00031432114,0.00042118074,0.00025136018,0.0002654445,0.000037927934,0.00038845872,0.00022638723,0.0002943307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009564008,0.00030058433,0.00019091472,0.0005380167,0.00009085558,0.00022148559,0.00009075846,0.00008176409,0.000005125912],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011160613,0.00011230711,0.000043199765,0.000056854067,0.0000747443,0.0000010137132,0.00008865407,0.8211038,0.0060934625,0.16692159,0.0011829694,0.004209801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017820176,0.00010473981,0.0003483157,0.00008545862,0.000053710144,0.0000021185276,0.00007525671,0.46254322,0.027325485,0.00012601238,0.5071764,0.00037726798],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008614141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005565215,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6712966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001081877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009869226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407996406","doi":"10.1061/9780784485972.002","title":"A Practical Guide to Estimating Input Parameters for Thermal Integrity Profiling Method","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Profiling (computer programming); Computer science; Reliability engineering; Engineering; Operating system","score_opus":0.05064129892434894,"score_gpt":0.3974208865268226,"score_spread":0.3467795876024737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407996406","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012968148,0.000004536545,0.9253208,0.005036797,0.00016691448,0.00048322248,0.0000035843636,0.00015796979,0.055858012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08380941,1.0898589e-7,0.90773994,0.0014937188,0.00007995182,0.0007891019,0.00000693967,0.000017098579,0.006063719],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888813,0.000081216356,0.0003599776,0.00031310663,0.0000942822,0.00026326583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99880034,0.00063231436,0.00006297057,0.00030708153,0.00011681997,0.00008045926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062037614,0.00013449186,0.00020131981,0.00007298658,0.00013650605,0.00006236766,0.00015013803,0.0000953333,0.000045647594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007998542,0.000107851934,0.000091828566,0.00023632478,0.00001582987,0.00007508958,0.00006907428,0.00014088518,0.00003516166],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025031648,0.000054368422,0.00008068069,0.000039923438,0.00006198265,6.022293e-7,0.0000706118,0.1227955,0.013292605,0.827701,0.002530237,0.033347465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045225336,0.000052948726,0.00015587341,0.00007405988,0.000050063554,0.000005560305,0.00046282998,0.8095752,0.061813734,0.004838104,0.1222576,0.0002617687],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000259894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82286286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000050641047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000098965655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8479167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408132838","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125638","title":"Borehole thermal energy storage systems: A comprehensive review using bibliometric and qualitative tools","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Energy storage; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Process engineering; Systems engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.09154951289978336,"score_gpt":0.3541724801651441,"score_spread":0.2626229672653607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408132838","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007570392,0.96824586,0.00185598,0.000015649079,0.00030987465,0.0006718845,0.00021661092,0.0002122701,0.028464306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00039661676,0.9920825,0.00025160977,0.0005379352,0.00044808947,0.0026494781,0.0007645302,0.00021337868,0.002655867],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9944181,0.00094542693,0.0018537323,0.0013635894,0.0006047476,0.00081441266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99534696,0.0014373832,0.0012788989,0.0013633772,0.0002680178,0.00030537383],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045809502,0.0012724268,0.0041576573,0.00872422,0.0003483511,0.00026468423,0.0007978658,0.0007369387,0.00009543998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005792064,0.0010794908,0.00061604666,0.026516952,0.0001958315,0.00016635262,0.00043412735,0.0003895976,0.000036083256],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004169363,0.00007019801,2.2023855e-8,0.04226308,0.00046724963,0.000012400019,0.000056669953,0.0029495945,0.000012644902,0.33858985,0.0010977881,0.6144763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027712845,0.000026624448,5.6034895e-7,0.025496498,0.0010461264,0.000040788615,0.00018330252,0.00025651138,0.0000033326314,0.00013786486,0.971528,0.0010032976],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016670413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000060496444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9704302,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002703974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046033613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99916553},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"systematic_review","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W4408283068","doi":"10.1007/s11771-025-5865-y","title":"An improved model for predicting thermal contact resistance at multi-layered rock interface","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Central South University","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Interface (matter); Materials science; Thermal contact conductance; Thermal; Interface model; Geotechnical engineering; Thermal resistance; Resistance (ecology); Composite material; Geology; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Contact angle; Physics","score_opus":0.014004262311254142,"score_gpt":0.22814904243465575,"score_spread":0.2141447801234016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408283068","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7536959,0.000055942663,0.24493028,0.00016045936,0.00013013506,0.00012410776,0.000053656884,0.00002465602,0.00082484476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880321,0.0000031886107,0.0020192151,0.00003255322,0.00006137384,4.4298656e-7,0.0000033294039,0.000009593312,0.009838227],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992456,0.000046057103,0.00024156613,0.00013882526,0.00008612872,0.00024181131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991899,0.000034751247,0.00032057136,0.00015533896,0.00017204149,0.00012738962],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011326831,0.00010826962,0.00019990692,0.000059954236,0.00023091541,0.00001997313,0.00028542,0.00008295022,0.000012762934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020589478,0.000101549704,0.00015181272,0.000085727675,0.000013897151,0.00019107539,0.000037443304,0.00012411781,0.0000010881724],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014016122,0.0001454427,0.004678559,0.00004094118,0.00019221118,0.000004900023,0.002486145,0.931873,0.052823044,0.005937383,0.00014952812,0.00026721114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030835965,0.00006646172,0.007949285,0.00008358764,0.00009067799,0.0000018338495,0.002367782,0.97498435,0.0028809172,0.000051522555,0.008292675,0.00014730047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021116715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006405084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24291107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025327704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009597133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41410768},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408484234","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu25-21379","title":"Geothermal exploration with passive geophysical methods in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geoscience BC","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.025315452585357362,"score_gpt":0.30985857096752545,"score_spread":0.28454311838216806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408484234","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32932115,0.00030241514,0.1924019,0.0057204943,0.00051300525,0.00257964,0.00012891796,0.00022412225,0.46880835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98684925,0.000027313705,0.0068296236,0.00021562417,0.0001881284,0.0010816411,0.00009191213,0.000025689624,0.004690836],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836653,0.00037974733,0.00043851687,0.0003802824,0.00023267906,0.00020221126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986228,0.0002203522,0.0002714688,0.00074268086,0.00011243086,0.000030301324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030828276,0.0002580504,0.0004318892,0.00011028673,0.000052096962,0.000038821614,0.0004402081,0.00021567655,0.00008145325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015129757,0.00014834836,0.000107578366,0.00027971133,0.00007251958,0.00006052683,0.00014088949,0.00036505467,0.0000060214234],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007778262,0.00030121594,0.00043373572,0.00024014755,0.00020053747,0.0000059468603,0.0032004523,0.44298688,0.0019683067,0.5220001,0.00021913084,0.02836578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008770803,0.0010454278,0.13190839,0.004391749,0.0014438296,0.00005160104,0.031679727,0.25712976,0.09180908,0.18528283,0.2806513,0.0058355024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10470699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013298707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65752804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000379456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017577689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90125483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408651284","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116164","title":"Reference data set for injection and extraction cycle of a borehole thermal energy storage field: A numerical and experimental study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Storage","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Borehole; Extraction (chemistry); Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Field (mathematics); Data set; Thermal energy; Geology; Computer science; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chromatography; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.02890276941804989,"score_gpt":0.31501791948008995,"score_spread":0.2861151500620401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408651284","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97401905,0.0012661513,0.022536859,0.00012550097,0.00025260117,0.00008699466,0.00003299132,0.000016200533,0.0016636724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99864924,0.000033988577,0.00045845433,0.00010176382,0.0001682791,0.00003186646,0.000019432087,0.000017070506,0.0005199125],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880064,0.0001150539,0.0005049618,0.00025460168,0.00017801311,0.00014673699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988945,0.00015749906,0.0004071728,0.00035223772,0.000110342204,0.0000782124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027032077,0.00015572677,0.0003311504,0.00016931487,0.00012779803,0.000039247843,0.00023129921,0.00010423555,0.000025989584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003964965,0.0001346131,0.000051662555,0.00017015354,0.000038995073,0.00030796547,0.00012022798,0.00011951498,1.192824e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0045400513,0.00829252,0.0077705444,0.00026897824,0.0023290736,0.00013840916,0.0044094073,0.29993114,0.30349547,0.22188182,0.008107633,0.13883495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016064527,0.012241368,0.047447253,0.00058836193,0.0008768614,0.0006985483,0.01832358,0.15805021,0.065061375,0.0030775296,0.6758234,0.0017470191],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0067822607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005231524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6677157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047360274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058317757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409258299","doi":"10.1016/j.geoen.2025.213876","title":"Geothermal potential of low enthalpy reservoirs in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoenergy Science and Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Structural basin; Sedimentary rock; Geochemistry; Sedimentary basin; Enthalpy; Earth science; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0036844962732080714,"score_gpt":0.18464024974642002,"score_spread":0.18095575347321194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409258299","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995999,0.00012990646,0.00021152238,0.0011927024,0.00019112053,0.0000557194,0.0000032878784,0.000013451191,0.0022032936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99899745,0.00001122858,0.000064669075,0.00053282204,0.00003812515,0.000025896856,0.0000022569297,0.0000055884475,0.00032195717],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902946,0.00001631542,0.00019450478,0.00019091283,0.00029351874,0.00027529048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996194,0.00003201137,0.000031000298,0.00023331006,0.00004234046,0.00004192738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036838543,0.00009681833,0.00011699304,0.00013033893,0.000100740624,0.000031811982,0.00036689904,0.000028096412,0.000009393126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017164602,0.000075229946,0.000018359091,0.0006545475,0.000089312154,0.00012004976,0.000066836175,0.00007362982,4.6451416e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000413037,0.000019382127,0.0014083186,0.00003458177,0.000009510909,0.00000795896,0.0001362688,0.9678896,0.013056855,0.015397664,0.00017508834,0.0018606619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010772266,0.00004499296,0.44724685,0.00034130536,0.000025466488,0.000036577592,0.0016638997,0.3559661,0.021969145,0.00015226606,0.17092933,0.0005468646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.79070544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18944557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61192346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058828082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021415859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8253449},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409360863","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2024-0416","title":"Thermally-induced long-term behavior of energy piles under inclined load in saturated clay","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; China Scholarship Council; Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Pile; Term (time); Structural load; Environmental science; Engineering; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.017027282847012815,"score_gpt":0.2588507977490307,"score_spread":0.24182351490201787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409360863","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906662,0.00038182002,0.0008704474,0.001814481,0.00026584967,0.00015774688,0.00001528136,0.000048580798,0.0057795704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99779356,0.00004191624,0.000045395584,0.00083033997,0.000115771254,0.000056441084,0.000015324216,0.000028691746,0.0010725916],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99809104,0.00012533169,0.0007720475,0.00026309103,0.00023199477,0.0005164886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986651,0.00006327096,0.00019649364,0.00040968662,0.00024490285,0.00042057174],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003038016,0.00021811962,0.00036945613,0.0004579164,0.00015912096,0.000061896295,0.00052760454,0.00041202005,0.00037867556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005689776,0.00019862616,0.00015621915,0.0006872778,0.000092233626,0.0000946774,0.000049778922,0.0005523706,0.000011756649],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020857372,0.00088510284,0.026954772,0.00007943884,0.00044530007,0.00097616116,0.00015725415,0.17846408,0.3070179,0.33415133,0.0018594011,0.14880067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003167442,0.00017935014,0.9392402,0.0006987882,0.00016421423,0.00036779416,0.00014401435,0.003264446,0.015607229,0.004064572,0.032144733,0.0009572094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.26289088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4081547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91228545,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063488627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015675201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.809974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409448250","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103343","title":"An analysis of the accuracy and computational efficiency of the use of one-dimensional fluid models in borehole heat exchangers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Thermodynamics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.02889214638821451,"score_gpt":0.25544867182409897,"score_spread":0.22655652543588445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409448250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99780965,0.00009009028,0.0013833677,0.00021402733,0.0000273787,0.00013169053,0.00006456725,0.000005291128,0.0002739279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99936473,0.0000058780524,0.0003094984,0.00016147624,0.000005073688,0.0000110881265,0.00000994519,0.000007081905,0.0001252474],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915105,0.00008940985,0.00033680847,0.00014607461,0.00018103386,0.00009559875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919194,0.00016785126,0.00013266367,0.00039471948,0.00009571804,0.000017082297],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012810976,0.00008010524,0.00022151988,0.00013535362,0.00005231301,0.000006816598,0.00021698966,0.000053325573,0.000020338151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021755744,0.000053324846,0.00010204676,0.0008848091,0.000151828,0.000065348875,0.00006384299,0.00005030502,1.358733e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009111765,0.00011755473,0.0035979701,0.0000143211655,0.0000857807,3.1227323e-8,0.00031742512,0.94622886,0.00815236,0.04095669,0.0000073363535,0.00051256316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019961415,0.000008128289,0.08418761,0.000043771946,0.00009092164,2.3978697e-7,0.00007135794,0.9118117,0.0018536835,0.0015119328,0.00017152296,0.000049526487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01281605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017522423,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.080589645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018194969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006232298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99375767},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409741667","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-313219-3.00023-x","title":"Geothermal energy production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Production (economics); Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Geology; Geophysics; Economics","score_opus":0.010776810889683143,"score_gpt":0.21453348467962888,"score_spread":0.20375667378994575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409741667","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000014810905,0.00087424606,0.000014413274,0.00021460342,0.0008090899,0.00023400715,0.000021515996,0.00025430054,0.997563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0022344352,0.000077614466,0.00010009177,0.0004615132,0.0014203583,0.00023359075,0.00007739382,0.00013234746,0.9952627],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981238,0.00002980952,0.00054223364,0.00069056085,0.00028466675,0.00032888594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99844784,0.000026672698,0.0002857733,0.0009982804,0.0001374233,0.00010401099],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000117425465,0.00049828575,0.0005148543,0.0002002019,0.000186637,0.00004443159,0.00034667252,0.0004788315,0.00088376406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009118066,0.00047834494,0.00029744286,0.000025293033,0.000110823996,0.00003560598,0.000105057494,0.0002934582,0.0003539638],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000048166567,0.000005942419,3.1489793e-7,0.000034038796,0.00009040578,0.0000034876934,0.000019920926,0.00020825081,0.00008796675,0.4235891,0.00067735265,0.5752784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001220784,0.00001539174,0.000005697996,0.00030230582,0.000092032766,0.000013827948,0.0000035652893,0.000039418195,0.00023655513,0.018848998,0.9798777,0.00044243594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014507296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00072188576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97920036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010384315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013775977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409840062","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127153","title":"A new model for predicting thermal conductivity of unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristic curve","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Soil water; Thermal conductivity; Soil science; Materials science; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.024641338585836135,"score_gpt":0.2732199014514676,"score_spread":0.24857856286563143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409840062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73257405,0.00007972518,0.26570413,0.0010748402,0.00026222272,0.00007489949,0.000019405486,0.0000045641114,0.00020618684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989027,0.000015281625,0.00039557304,0.000100864956,0.00019653833,0.0000057943403,0.000005282025,0.000009220387,0.00036873898],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925894,0.000031212046,0.00037001254,0.00008376579,0.00014825756,0.000107831846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994971,0.00006996042,0.000044387623,0.00006658221,0.00028722832,0.000034738205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020063815,0.000090663656,0.00017390898,0.00007451326,0.000063151165,0.000036320154,0.00016639855,0.00005186637,0.000023156408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010672482,0.00005326885,0.00010785544,0.000037475947,0.000037343296,0.00013927376,0.000010459016,0.00010492107,1.7416731e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002647702,0.00003931279,0.0005689309,0.000025432102,0.00037985403,0.0000016405163,0.0007129396,0.25509423,0.72724104,0.013440979,0.000017973742,0.002212881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002105845,0.000059865877,0.0019848563,0.000243146,0.00018380037,0.00004909214,0.00019145594,0.8570107,0.13125074,0.0048464374,0.0019279476,0.00014606527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00073086645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000817279,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6019165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019604364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009089961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21722406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410054871","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103354","title":"Heat flux evaluation based on active fiber optic distributed temperature sensing tests in southwestern Yukon, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Knowledge Canada; Commission géologique du Yukon","keywords":"Optical fiber; Remote sensing; Flux (metallurgy); Heat flux; Fiber optic sensor; Environmental science; Geology; Materials science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Heat transfer; Physics; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.008809209294186675,"score_gpt":0.23647409620919366,"score_spread":0.22766488691500697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410054871","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875918,0.00002877492,0.00007797535,0.0009694675,0.00019955562,0.00036784087,0.000117955635,0.000054505985,0.010592114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99598914,4.2772072e-7,0.00008219299,0.00079031143,0.00006312238,0.0000545309,0.00035794842,0.000029486848,0.0026328154],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986995,0.00012696153,0.0002729063,0.00033405138,0.0002777183,0.00028887234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991921,0.00012785249,0.000045015287,0.00043205218,0.00014624235,0.000056744575],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001691151,0.0002073133,0.00021103119,0.000097976794,0.00011821354,0.00004448866,0.00012611403,0.00014436292,0.00022943299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060675462,0.00019679019,0.000045702964,0.00045745465,0.000024409655,0.000043304535,0.00001898019,0.00019012034,0.000027113085],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003038066,0.00004767614,0.00030036407,0.000018257868,0.000022940376,0.000007975237,0.00006506425,0.9870587,0.0031034588,0.00078333914,0.000419781,0.008142087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019258813,0.000031189804,0.05009623,0.0003957138,0.00006355097,0.0000057715233,0.0003831514,0.916454,0.0048135947,0.00035498283,0.024972111,0.0005038117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.51092416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.68111277,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1701886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005739039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006602016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80248713},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410376357","doi":"10.1177/01436244251339720","title":"Impact of soil freezing on the thermal performance of geothermal borehole heat exchangers across Canadian climates","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Geothermal heating; Thermal; Geothermal energy; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geophysics; Geography","score_opus":0.012870683640808874,"score_gpt":0.28483014499912884,"score_spread":0.27195946135831994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410376357","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99778324,0.00049497746,0.0000067469164,0.00051497883,0.00002743626,0.00012687502,0.000018571338,0.000062041945,0.00096512225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99969447,0.00006343045,0.00005623969,0.000011877236,0.000023301794,0.00007106006,0.0000030590359,0.000019101215,0.000057487927],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892086,0.000018360615,0.00019429949,0.00018741761,0.00013423467,0.00054484047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992476,0.00013517933,0.000033620472,0.00038844443,0.00013362737,0.00006150794],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039165298,0.00012731292,0.0001891721,0.0004767515,0.00020876725,0.00002482785,0.0004344022,0.00015251758,0.00001943468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024488589,0.0000921693,0.000039763152,0.0008961232,0.00015559248,0.000047689424,0.00012396081,0.00027514892,0.0000021201427],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037605685,0.000055964985,0.059117306,0.0005659242,0.00020209992,0.0000029070643,0.0004172118,0.4686413,0.36029455,0.1047041,0.000017018492,0.005944011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009560512,0.0009078493,0.1862836,0.001698341,0.000018366523,0.0000141523915,0.0014593436,0.4455087,0.357468,0.00077896426,0.0044248523,0.00048177174],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.24027942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016251136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22402829,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006753353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006246746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9068515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410422967","doi":"10.1186/s40517-025-00345-6","title":"Geothermal favourability in data-scarce regions: incorporating physical and socio-economic factors into a modified Play fairway approach, southwestern Yukon, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Yukon University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Commission géologique du Yukon","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geography; Geology; Paleontology","score_opus":0.019176587524381877,"score_gpt":0.23285062997616976,"score_spread":0.2136740424517879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410422967","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850686,0.00017717213,0.002282343,0.00045481254,0.00016593596,0.00022898719,0.00012912485,0.0001295908,0.011363408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969258,0.000008457302,0.00016810367,0.00026086255,0.0002199633,0.00020055451,0.00031001994,0.00007414112,0.0018321478],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968982,0.00026999126,0.0007434723,0.001136,0.00025744844,0.00069492625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99787045,0.00023182659,0.0003020387,0.0013383629,0.000045913246,0.00021143061],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032155548,0.00052740355,0.00069411064,0.00016596123,0.0003287733,0.00010648761,0.000883804,0.00023342972,0.00003179393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003650004,0.0004910764,0.000101891994,0.00029454756,0.00027709655,0.00033873031,0.0004699733,0.0003082244,0.000005306784],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007457728,0.00027252137,0.022399005,0.000121900455,0.00021302374,0.000010443224,0.0020949321,0.6766332,0.001544981,0.28864107,0.00012696706,0.00786743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003924462,0.000076918615,0.14542048,0.00020728956,0.00014022923,0.000017855129,0.009192634,0.78812164,0.0009235369,0.015439363,0.034175873,0.0023597197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.96432096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.86734897,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2732017,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045786327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000735673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997541},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410432922","doi":"10.1016/j.enbenv.2025.05.004","title":"Operating performance of middle-deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers based on TRNSYS simulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"TRNSYS; Heat exchanger; Borehole; Coaxial; Geology; Environmental science; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Thermal; Physics","score_opus":0.013148422143858052,"score_gpt":0.2123973917963532,"score_spread":0.19924896965249514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410432922","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9749839,0.00028167528,0.0092510125,0.00024418056,0.000097163604,0.000103306294,0.000005838925,0.000034598677,0.014998324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974087,0.00006597826,0.00027364533,0.0003445707,0.00007132388,0.00008092601,0.000031138577,0.000014559309,0.0017091848],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914145,0.000048210077,0.00025058317,0.00024902768,0.00015063072,0.00016010269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955183,0.000063664695,0.000053100925,0.00027762953,0.0000079371275,0.000045831504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000096779535,0.00014804384,0.00017049769,0.000073622046,0.0001568795,0.000013199417,0.000089483074,0.000086091655,0.00017269798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000051366274,0.00013258179,0.000046631703,0.00008338787,0.00006255079,0.000046861216,0.000035582594,0.00004989047,0.0000055805767],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022104901,0.00008426968,0.0007181224,0.000026903592,0.000015353786,4.141285e-7,0.000052385887,0.9760296,0.004959749,0.006948701,0.000011038294,0.011131364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061342417,0.00012522834,0.006402321,0.000085794905,0.000016969789,2.9540755e-7,0.000053139305,0.908951,0.018020615,0.000046255398,0.06553244,0.00015255419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001281762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000073178875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06707863,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004326201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011266127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5406529},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410549723","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119949","title":"Energetic and techno-economic analysis of harvesting energy from low-grade heat by thermo-osmotic energy conversion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Heat energy; Energy transformation; Energy (signal processing); Thermodynamics; Energy harvesting; Environmental science; Chemistry; Engineering; Nuclear engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.004531714861862668,"score_gpt":0.1918749010698685,"score_spread":0.18734318620800583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410549723","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8380801,0.009605011,0.0558597,0.0029696769,0.0012519481,0.00037541473,0.00018712367,0.0006504612,0.09102056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98109627,0.0034123647,0.0001679759,0.00092170876,0.00003362105,0.000070251386,0.0002762821,0.000031891283,0.013989637],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979696,0.00011189955,0.00057704194,0.0007729904,0.00021142869,0.00035700912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988717,0.00012985092,0.00019964375,0.00059408724,0.000041271356,0.0001634592],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012509007,0.00037378716,0.00061652,0.0006880129,0.0002435747,0.00006815068,0.00030856705,0.00019129971,0.0003555317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000047793023,0.00036657,0.00018330898,0.00065624336,0.00018350904,0.0001334651,0.00037553415,0.00006886974,0.0000038561807],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008534591,0.0002524619,0.0010011105,0.0001790773,0.0038191609,0.000015307043,0.00010052636,0.057633918,0.024247976,0.8620696,0.004805953,0.045789555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023433906,0.000074953976,0.0025103397,0.00022445951,0.001982117,0.0000016792158,0.0008492596,0.29293862,0.05156626,0.0016119494,0.6451358,0.00076118053],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12775952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001671799,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86045766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000111991125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019611993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410628127","doi":"10.3390/en18112714","title":"A Numerical Approach to Evaluate the Geothermal Potential of a Flooded Open-Pit Mine: Example from the Carey Canadian Mine (Canada)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Open-pit mining; Geothermal gradient; Mining engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Engineering; Petroleum engineering; Civil engineering; Paleontology","score_opus":0.016654063372140874,"score_gpt":0.2304782208714817,"score_spread":0.21382415749934083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410628127","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91542584,0.00047602042,0.00041682657,0.006068255,0.00032401344,0.0004974541,0.0001169401,0.000032389267,0.07664226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99126256,0.000003969442,0.00037840672,0.0018654896,0.00018429094,0.0004281247,0.00007576806,0.000027367216,0.0057740556],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99842316,0.00017359616,0.0003538553,0.0003537949,0.00032019676,0.00037538735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866486,0.00014772428,0.00007111562,0.000866462,0.00011862685,0.00013122446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022994142,0.00020924512,0.0003044991,0.000050349376,0.00035166962,0.00010723965,0.001294206,0.00007311176,0.00021022213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004379045,0.00012778507,0.00008209563,0.00046737,0.00007618974,0.000051740182,0.00019263086,0.000117394775,0.0000074202767],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003924261,0.000048520054,0.0001824909,0.000007199139,0.0002153638,0.0000023326666,0.0006719393,0.8760206,0.0032337005,0.09715705,0.02004703,0.0023745105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017635401,0.000045680797,0.0502847,0.0000796342,0.00023457178,0.000008176322,0.0075482866,0.04488486,0.006099932,0.0012151067,0.88720536,0.00063013856],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99960274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9931455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86715835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010370226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009421471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.52109236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410762106","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-313219-3.00040-x","title":"Geothermal energy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geology; Geophysics","score_opus":0.010402192097572538,"score_gpt":0.21568506120357808,"score_spread":0.20528286910600554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410762106","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004981835,0.0011611391,0.000022261665,0.000107225365,0.00039996847,0.00016604332,0.000046693163,0.00023673089,0.99785495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001487431,0.00006914359,0.00010643337,0.0010565551,0.0007874245,0.00017929776,0.00007854492,0.00014897894,0.9960862],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981287,0.000026865428,0.00057479,0.00060179224,0.0002871763,0.00038068634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984103,0.00005497991,0.0002659097,0.0010232731,0.000105041785,0.00014048217],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009439907,0.00055292464,0.00061073474,0.00019084552,0.00016667841,0.00005294138,0.0004880662,0.0005745448,0.0019966457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004776629,0.0005277937,0.00038989505,0.000020278698,0.00011531059,0.00002542789,0.00015019854,0.00030987352,0.00057346595],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032189773,0.0000040458135,2.448442e-7,0.00002304027,0.000093510156,0.000007301641,0.000013362216,0.00007892387,0.000025069401,0.48821613,0.000494359,0.5110408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001919966,0.000015562888,0.0000042453958,0.00027347097,0.000088995934,0.000009642131,0.0000027177682,0.000069504735,0.00006513082,0.026728895,0.97205865,0.000491185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019113536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007412578,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9715643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008829308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001534779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99971735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411167218","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-313219-3.00174-x","title":"Geothermal energy conversion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Geophysics","score_opus":0.009761243657027645,"score_gpt":0.20991692951212954,"score_spread":0.20015568585510188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411167218","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000117658265,0.0008695722,0.000021059423,0.00010369727,0.00046515884,0.00017261358,0.0000423045,0.00020638146,0.99810743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0028316833,0.0000879527,0.00007413656,0.0010312576,0.0005662285,0.00009974291,0.00010093551,0.00012177993,0.9950863],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982358,0.000029413088,0.00051465596,0.00058168545,0.00029199745,0.00034641704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985359,0.00005726628,0.0002720965,0.0008830087,0.00011152443,0.0001402081],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009420228,0.00051418843,0.0005697175,0.0001889313,0.00018003769,0.000043676304,0.00043407117,0.00058411615,0.002282439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004103464,0.000492999,0.00036390428,0.000019635843,0.00012112289,0.000029222037,0.00016102733,0.0002912797,0.00063861354],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006212041,0.0000047845224,5.317763e-7,0.000039059476,0.000094035786,0.000008847676,0.000016344886,0.0000682893,0.000046123496,0.47188544,0.00076701347,0.5270633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027074982,0.000019713796,0.000004447002,0.000308019,0.00009531987,0.000008396535,0.0000043572577,0.000116344905,0.00016198665,0.00977215,0.9887691,0.0004694164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021247356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029287848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98800206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010354109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014159856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411208590","doi":"10.3390/su17125391","title":"A Semi-Analytical Dynamic Model for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems: Addressing Medium- to Long-Term Performance Under Ground Temperature Variations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Term (time); Environmental science; Computer science; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.01677997775563274,"score_gpt":0.2959009061556936,"score_spread":0.27912092840006086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411208590","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75006443,0.00009346279,0.24407122,0.0034934282,0.00018799552,0.001328937,0.000033564193,0.00018170768,0.0005452602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97315043,0.0000030800372,0.00013212174,0.00033534906,0.00012242638,0.0012827377,0.000089822504,0.00004557562,0.024838481],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975541,0.00013125657,0.00063703075,0.00073857757,0.0002818493,0.0006571563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755836,0.00023880362,0.00008142904,0.0009691209,0.00094630127,0.00020601375],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006126054,0.00033453974,0.00046951562,0.00018852351,0.00078417273,0.00029203805,0.00038756305,0.00030171688,0.000024196474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002505463,0.000307081,0.0001873344,0.00066506927,0.00012251652,0.00025631112,0.00014079122,0.00026408717,0.0000076259157],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056020122,0.00017538512,0.0016480475,0.001027028,0.000107589374,8.674417e-7,0.0004240844,0.87847674,0.0003958144,0.11711682,0.000108522596,0.0004630734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000511451,0.000039416707,0.042832132,0.00012784425,0.00013338268,0.0000059114536,0.00081836333,0.9500484,0.00003281539,0.003873811,0.0012377937,0.0003387019],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027316413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013100539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2439391,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019162744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007933932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411782189","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2025.2523200","title":"Ground heat exchanger sizing using borehole outlet transfer function","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sizing; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Heat transfer; Nuclear engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.018819062430976002,"score_gpt":0.236567960651748,"score_spread":0.217748898220772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411782189","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9213199,0.0016919686,0.068995416,0.0060628527,0.00020903225,0.00043678295,0.0000055539554,0.00008825049,0.0011902387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983579,0.00006823919,0.0002356621,0.000244798,0.000026725682,0.0001917907,0.0000010399388,0.000006806468,0.00086701877],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925613,0.000005811947,0.000115933304,0.00027411352,0.00011812091,0.00022989135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995964,0.000025733827,0.0000135388555,0.00032813157,0.000014615496,0.000021576538],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029179238,0.00008889086,0.000086717984,0.00017878863,0.00069552305,0.000029165189,0.00023429067,0.000078789046,0.000020632051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009661545,0.00006229497,0.000024832407,0.0004425503,0.00069643377,0.000074432,0.000076008895,0.00006647956,0.0000066576695],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009346545,0.000049715585,0.00033513145,0.000014366735,0.000033369444,3.1109312e-7,0.000108313325,0.009808194,0.43435642,0.469584,0.000031539344,0.08566931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005223169,0.00008316254,0.004781966,0.000029223129,0.00009454777,0.0000072273065,0.0011134099,0.02234851,0.029847415,0.024227748,0.91672987,0.0002146329],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005253019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000053706503,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9166983,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006883354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021639986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5349471},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411965067","doi":"10.1002/ese3.70209","title":"Long‐Term Performance Analysis of Foundation Pile and Vertical Borehole Heat Exchangers for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Cold Climates","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Energi Simulation; University of Calgary","keywords":"Borehole; Heat pump; Pile; Heat exchanger; Foundation (evidence); Term (time); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.009169644549428974,"score_gpt":0.22793032169768193,"score_spread":0.21876067714825295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411965067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9693236,0.00031353146,0.029727353,0.000035290082,0.00016257276,0.00010265751,0.0000026336074,0.000046231733,0.00028616207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993747,0.000039938524,0.00009670518,0.000021303142,0.000034438635,0.00019037574,0.000013878773,0.0000119374745,0.00021675031],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988334,0.000011437618,0.00032340115,0.00031745265,0.00018172327,0.00033254316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994973,0.00008859212,0.000024815705,0.00024871435,0.00006778979,0.000072813236],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034537527,0.00013580112,0.00028014608,0.00062205264,0.00013611832,0.00009071351,0.00020128224,0.0000579114,0.0000054230195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028620483,0.00013354792,0.00005457803,0.0017038771,0.000114369395,0.00026679412,0.000053778196,0.000047279893,5.7601426e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004834652,0.000018491395,0.0040482036,0.000026821896,0.000033668086,1.6830609e-7,0.00008269716,0.7606411,0.06573397,0.16907415,7.4786203e-7,0.00033514565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024239712,0.000032249132,0.06258313,0.00009474252,0.00006899817,0.0000010221728,0.00008323881,0.9079468,0.022435285,0.0000045446623,0.006358886,0.0001486972],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004886348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005632367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1690696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012343055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038651142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73867285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412015092","doi":"10.51505/ijaemr.2025.1213","title":"Contribution of Geothermal Energy to Passive Cooling of Living Spaces in Benin: An Air-ground Heat Exchanger Approach","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Passive cooling; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Geothermal gradient; Environmental science; Energy exchange; Nuclear engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Engineering; Geology; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Geophysics","score_opus":0.01315020096388139,"score_gpt":0.2957112195454614,"score_spread":0.28256101858158006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412015092","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93662816,0.000539502,0.060357936,0.00039565034,0.00018805252,0.0001382241,0.000004350741,0.000010111184,0.001738005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99710953,0.00028523323,0.0021791917,0.000018187822,0.00006953887,0.000030875708,0.0000028336326,0.00000889768,0.00029571826],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989668,0.000042259344,0.0003477427,0.00012045268,0.0003591454,0.00016356295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991967,0.00013662636,0.000076412274,0.00009858445,0.00044062853,0.000051037343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000470117,0.000078395766,0.00017760726,0.0007426427,0.000023490275,0.000021711905,0.00023916623,0.000034068737,0.0000073635265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008694087,0.00007429868,0.000036866626,0.00029661192,0.000024949653,0.00015440618,0.000103359496,0.00010794332,1.7213922e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007876409,0.000091623166,0.0001544476,0.00006104478,0.000116974465,0.000006071062,0.00021966553,0.8516215,0.016507432,0.1218924,0.000011746105,0.009238319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0062193256,0.0013104744,0.23694153,0.012731338,0.0001167607,0.000082710605,0.011270925,0.50420964,0.0539148,0.003044118,0.16904324,0.0011151347],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010510643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000090101996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34741187,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008866885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014682007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30298123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412043390","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103837","title":"Thermal analysis of a double U-loop vertical ground heat exchanger for a solar-assisted ground source heat pump","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Energi Simulation; University of Calgary","keywords":"Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Environmental science; Thermal; Thermosiphon; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.017982344861710343,"score_gpt":0.2567443261904333,"score_spread":0.23876198132872295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412043390","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99563456,0.00044289726,0.0024093396,0.00027211203,0.00010934081,0.0002691449,0.000004854763,0.00010119777,0.00075656874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989677,0.000004873306,0.00022844075,0.000048754955,0.000056925724,0.00027530245,0.000007260826,0.000018049666,0.00039270107],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853086,0.000014562431,0.00028929807,0.00037875728,0.00029599314,0.000490528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929523,0.00006373491,0.000024956897,0.00033413045,0.00015286847,0.00012905312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049495895,0.0001909784,0.00034880397,0.00033284776,0.00024977062,0.00013172923,0.00033935215,0.0000891712,0.000032236156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016924907,0.00015778531,0.000120072815,0.0017264015,0.00032531214,0.00020997993,0.00010424738,0.00008396714,0.0000019924914],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023406191,0.00030953364,0.0020129548,0.00030823715,0.0009536016,0.0000027735882,0.0013761963,0.5153981,0.39541537,0.04519443,0.000008676407,0.038786102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014379849,0.00012744391,0.1888924,0.000111605674,0.0006938115,0.000004507015,0.00021433693,0.7796859,0.02040443,0.000021494365,0.00792077,0.00048531138],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022737603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008492316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37501094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060948474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000593895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6434299},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412674262","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v15i2.986","title":"Geothermal Gradients in Selected Wells by Using Borehole Temperatures","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Geothermal energy; Water well; Injection well; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Petrology; Geophysics; Groundwater","score_opus":0.040642139213995454,"score_gpt":0.35437998265309917,"score_spread":0.3137378434391037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412674262","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98230284,0.014733049,0.000014151163,0.0010259748,0.00007853157,0.00004881479,0.0000043495047,0.000005406203,0.0017869062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99499893,0.0011689552,0.000059116133,0.00004636078,0.00009506677,0.000008889287,8.716023e-7,0.000008954921,0.00361286],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99867135,0.00017560362,0.00036953317,0.00013688617,0.0003110221,0.00033561987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991084,0.00015441407,0.00009135051,0.000097672084,0.0004765795,0.00007160364],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007377452,0.000104549865,0.00030133344,0.000393887,0.00023513453,0.000056885852,0.00015501097,0.00004864173,0.000009626879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014798871,0.00007599811,0.000040236013,0.0005725706,0.0001572292,0.00009461293,0.00006938941,0.00038181854,0.0000016394031],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014018124,0.00217281,0.24759817,0.00075937464,0.0033736122,0.0003847874,0.004418893,0.042236235,0.4891257,0.06433841,0.13590415,0.008286049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011170265,0.0020564536,0.23298243,0.0026045053,0.00011993892,0.00023321726,0.023347363,0.011191916,0.022990024,0.011862315,0.68044305,0.0009985267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017091545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00042988194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5445389,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099467754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000084446474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3099113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412754807","doi":"10.11159/iccste25.350","title":"Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Shallow Horizontal Geothermal Ventilation (SGV) in Desert Climates","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ventilation (architecture); Geothermal gradient; Geology; Desert (philosophy); Environmental science; Desert climate; Meteorology; Arid; Geophysics; Geography; Paleontology","score_opus":0.010223400435930742,"score_gpt":0.2353415417619845,"score_spread":0.22511814132605376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412754807","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987186,0.000032293447,0.00010306227,0.00012721542,0.000061405655,0.000066632136,0.000017080103,0.000011253105,0.0008624677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99978626,0.0000062884906,0.00011876231,0.0000083205005,0.000008459352,0.00001717666,0.0000141367245,0.000004543701,0.000036049096],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943376,0.0000015063875,0.00024083653,0.00013052582,0.00012593971,0.000067441724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977684,0.0000146694965,0.00009207604,0.00002979251,0.000070163056,0.000016469088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000038234524,0.000086259286,0.00014793046,0.00016401327,0.000024165389,0.000017920784,0.0001069682,0.0000347956,0.00004039621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006264286,0.000063122694,0.000050615236,0.00022934841,0.000026527987,0.00010630493,0.00000891713,0.000055539007,6.863514e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008071996,0.000020369323,0.11797755,0.000054245167,0.00022975511,1.5102893e-7,0.00052236416,0.035584,0.2848978,0.55995286,5.848599e-7,0.0006795897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022576387,0.000018883926,0.7885712,0.00008887121,0.000051497307,4.3777194e-7,0.00022517053,0.16326174,0.047045197,0.00042050923,0.000024545987,0.00006621963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062245084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018578011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6705936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001729929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000062170902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2574069},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412931850","doi":"10.20944/preprints202507.2091.v1","title":"Examining the Feasibility of Mine Thermal Energy Storage (MTES) in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nova Scotia Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Nova scotia; Nova (rocket); Bay; Environmental science; Oceanography; Geology; Engineering; Aeronautics","score_opus":0.12882832393455693,"score_gpt":0.3311180265776963,"score_spread":0.20228970264313936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412931850","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9218046,0.00032062922,0.00024432683,0.00033386727,0.0005057962,0.0004945739,0.00004991167,0.000111402645,0.07613487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909755,0.00002923753,0.0001154259,0.0001308165,0.00019572748,0.00022485963,0.00006034751,0.000050605526,0.008217461],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961635,0.0005600415,0.0011442549,0.0012413939,0.0004091352,0.00048167282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956209,0.0003283218,0.0006465454,0.0031024315,0.00020154122,0.000100281555],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013578268,0.0005238777,0.000807735,0.000212138,0.00008550148,0.000023856364,0.001542376,0.0004976986,0.0015046962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023734475,0.00043889045,0.0002723607,0.00048895384,0.00022364245,0.00007300919,0.002332165,0.0008220872,0.00014769468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000067848145,0.00035420957,0.6357098,0.00029354444,0.00017545119,0.000007665572,0.0010043666,0.32634374,0.014884622,0.020158483,0.000025440904,0.0009747715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072289316,0.00001947805,0.9683695,0.00057661685,0.00007596267,0.0000043678633,0.00034742345,0.004044515,0.016790027,0.0012744227,0.0072004995,0.0005743065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12421542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02434201,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33265963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023491349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003056817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412989775","doi":"10.56952/arma-2025-0617","title":"Geothermal reservoir modeling and calibration in a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical perspective - a case study for DEEP Geothermal Project in Saskatchewan, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Cameco (Canada); Natural Resources Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Perspective (graphical); Geothermal exploration; Calibration; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Geothermal energy; Mining engineering; Computer science; Geophysics","score_opus":0.01832908353484657,"score_gpt":0.2722093080437017,"score_spread":0.2538802245088551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412989775","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98913306,0.00009328848,0.007007409,0.00043265306,0.000047699185,0.0018188428,0.0000108312,0.000054843968,0.0014013845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968057,0.0000015319872,0.0002704168,0.00022935559,0.000047558027,0.0014061154,0.000007511129,0.000039334707,0.0011924296],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998168,0.0001582708,0.000534866,0.0005703639,0.00016613494,0.00040237853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929076,0.00014905781,0.00007031269,0.00033099603,0.000098387645,0.000060494494],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039817824,0.00024977466,0.000366932,0.00020175091,0.00014815861,0.000055854984,0.00015828527,0.0001293358,0.00003698494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040086084,0.00022319348,0.000047247657,0.00046963504,0.000024303261,0.00013700331,0.00007207174,0.00018376028,3.2821396e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026768385,0.00055977126,0.001459544,0.000053415082,0.0001079711,0.00030283615,0.008347403,0.95678025,0.0013489574,0.029709741,0.000023003924,0.0010394108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020796673,0.000065475855,0.00023141954,0.000027560976,0.000017650716,0.000039604336,0.12835066,0.868142,0.00005971227,0.00069472165,0.00008177026,0.00020974585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9947678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9992183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12000325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039934122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00074945134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91015655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413031297","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.07.001","title":"Harnessing sediment voids of low-grade salt mines for compressed air energy storage: Experimental and theoretical insights","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Sinopec Ministry of Science and Technology Basic Prospective Research Project; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Compressed air energy storage; Sediment; Compressed air; Salt (chemistry); Environmental science; Underground storage; Mining engineering; Energy (signal processing); Energy storage; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Chemistry; Geomorphology; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.007550371973211652,"score_gpt":0.27560738208062363,"score_spread":0.26805701010741195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413031297","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99161786,0.00064024195,0.0044404943,0.0022869902,0.00030149275,0.00003246557,0.0000019173494,0.000011808941,0.0006667133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99827343,0.0000137668,0.0014657472,0.00012029948,0.000053529046,0.000011037363,7.1351366e-7,0.00000406375,0.00005743148],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992495,0.000011058856,0.00029221748,0.00013939838,0.00020365485,0.00010416994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991697,0.00009026306,0.00019151407,0.0000699101,0.00044464567,0.000033967983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018284327,0.00007333707,0.00015525233,0.00048669422,0.00009531824,0.000028567643,0.00031594653,0.00006173337,0.0000061829683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009051508,0.000058234426,0.000024757588,0.00023709149,0.00093613827,0.000114854505,0.00009658395,0.00004822953,6.21912e-8],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002143681,0.000067101144,0.00023416005,0.0000054896636,0.000032071064,0.0000025491522,0.00014993273,0.00029492337,0.267423,0.72544223,0.0000417443,0.006285335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018745979,0.00029488784,0.00093694276,0.00038427117,0.000026784215,0.00016206292,0.0032214501,0.0274928,0.913953,0.03277592,0.018705364,0.00017194028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000049498663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000893839,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69266635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003777837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011648236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34492403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413142686","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110184","title":"Higher-order semi-analytical model for the simulation of geothermal boreholes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Energimyndigheten","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Borehole; Geology; Mechanics; Petroleum engineering; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.03797636783196307,"score_gpt":0.3354123841696017,"score_spread":0.2974360163376386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413142686","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6532081,0.00091125397,0.2894589,0.022591287,0.0020169748,0.00030531484,0.00004069054,0.000027953347,0.031439546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964023,0.000009777535,0.00075190654,0.00035483585,0.00026562012,0.00000810482,8.793873e-7,0.000005597759,0.0022009676],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880165,0.000031711126,0.00047938497,0.00010786046,0.00045194133,0.0001274351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984868,0.00043803305,0.00036183358,0.000102401194,0.00058178604,0.000029130566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000580666,0.00008568254,0.00015003902,0.00012437163,0.00012297176,0.000059310983,0.00084925833,0.00004582734,0.00011556594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000092132825,0.000050503455,0.00016681993,0.00020657721,0.000250653,0.00017838251,0.0000488196,0.000075066746,0.0000019147158],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044095454,0.000040562678,0.00031604653,0.00000268013,0.00012052528,3.0733077e-7,0.000070847724,0.8427904,0.0018651657,0.14920604,0.00010413775,0.005439153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033432108,0.000029387265,0.0034249376,0.000039044517,0.00004032806,0.0000023904722,0.00007984297,0.975716,0.0006414618,0.004984715,0.014652478,0.000055081968],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032301462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000039100712,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34319422,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033498363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013913379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20594712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413208389","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2025.08.002","title":"A review of environmental assessments of ground-source heat pumps","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Reports","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; University of Alberta","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.007805165410565649,"score_gpt":0.25268661598050707,"score_spread":0.24488145056994143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413208389","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4526765,0.08049699,0.0057884473,0.00056589174,0.00095334445,0.00050461583,0.000029048228,0.00018550889,0.45879966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9792245,0.002544187,0.00016001248,0.00047297028,0.000033939737,0.00009046336,0.000053292064,0.000019069392,0.01740154],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850225,0.000060686543,0.00079904153,0.00027062633,0.00021350732,0.0001538657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988925,0.000030740226,0.00032757083,0.0006633934,0.000037844464,0.00004795566],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020735849,0.00014390453,0.00038587762,0.00006989534,0.000044254903,0.000005009991,0.00012162496,0.00007221048,0.0003955428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019231175,0.0001322671,0.00014100806,0.00026737287,0.000064303116,0.000052104217,0.000078048884,0.000050214305,0.0000025599102],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007979368,0.003283509,0.017134959,0.011917199,0.0019130745,0.00021021604,0.00022728405,0.08311241,0.24333265,0.38543597,0.010954339,0.24239859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017056066,0.000042629348,0.004613451,0.0026160576,0.00007973798,0.00008412508,0.000038914786,0.00030410883,0.014156541,0.00071940233,0.9770015,0.0001729539],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013611499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010118794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96604717,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004592136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057877678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99295694},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413242341","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/3074/1/012009","title":"Numerical Modeling of Ground Stability Around Potential Geothermal Energy Storage Wells in a Canadian Subarctic Zone","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Geomechanica (Canada); University of Calgary; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geology; Geothermal gradient; Deformation (meteorology); Geotechnical engineering; Geothermal energy; Permafrost; Pore water pressure; Thermal; Subarctic climate; Geophysics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.01633234740702671,"score_gpt":0.2274467324439501,"score_spread":0.2111143850369234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413242341","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.886866,0.00012528748,0.10903692,0.0005853233,0.00023115499,0.00006424646,0.00001638811,0.000008340637,0.0030663568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991802,0.000026954485,0.00018943696,0.000071384005,0.00014425616,0.000007704524,0.0000045749784,0.000014617443,0.00036086215],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852705,0.00011557517,0.00065656344,0.00016255792,0.00022336938,0.00031486579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882877,0.000035343946,0.00028770004,0.00024370602,0.0004610412,0.00014344076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002426571,0.00016623149,0.0004384848,0.00014429593,0.00008120551,0.00007407713,0.0002793065,0.000090176574,0.00008153692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023925157,0.00015675061,0.0001222381,0.00040625306,0.00010483432,0.0005037863,0.000026816235,0.0002159719,0.0000014988394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008096791,0.00013613592,0.000826167,0.000053070362,0.00007627214,0.000012830746,0.0003773547,0.60483825,0.006188166,0.3831635,0.0000052225173,0.004242083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028359815,0.0005029563,0.015571339,0.00077673135,0.00021798979,0.00009106554,0.007692672,0.800609,0.032866575,0.12545267,0.012286046,0.0010969776],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.70463413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16928871,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5353454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018441846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010848991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8458696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413284299","doi":"10.1680/jgrim.25.00022","title":"Estimating thermal conductivities of highly-cemented Edmonton clay at subzero temperatures","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermal; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.007437115617656322,"score_gpt":0.21264477500531073,"score_spread":0.20520765938765442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413284299","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97689587,0.0001919011,0.00043971682,0.00024143985,0.00045413696,0.00040620813,0.000014241718,0.000048310983,0.021308182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99780035,0.00000789426,0.00045415954,0.000047941234,0.00006960932,0.000110838046,0.000005655617,0.000014813935,0.0014887367],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860376,0.00000636437,0.00063793146,0.00021614436,0.00032582102,0.0002099948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894863,0.00002921554,0.00047193613,0.00019438264,0.00032182498,0.0000339846],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002385722,0.00020860594,0.00033014777,0.00014277145,0.00015467884,0.000020530362,0.0003398938,0.00008835949,0.000026287662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006654187,0.00015791903,0.0001484107,0.0003584247,0.00019620138,0.00023257252,0.00014670158,0.000113211805,6.045188e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003033232,0.00009535228,0.00022636916,0.00044034488,0.00013171109,3.2979305e-8,0.00026889116,0.03583307,0.7442648,0.21821994,0.00016486595,0.0003243022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008858791,0.000121074554,0.0019517604,0.00049457204,0.00009545818,0.0000013502981,0.00057700195,0.007324194,0.9839863,0.00074624515,0.0036330554,0.0001830791],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023982923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012424742,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23972154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017110011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000681377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6439751},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413376467","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5400240","title":"Optimal Operating Strategies for Borehole Thermal Energy Storage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Thermal energy storage; Energy (signal processing); Thermal; Energy storage; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Computer science; Business; Geology; Physics; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.011202423692136563,"score_gpt":0.2528929340385509,"score_spread":0.24169051034641434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413376467","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.28119808,0.015623706,0.63060415,0.0017876222,0.0019973598,0.0008532729,0.00019480649,0.0004320064,0.06730897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.971844,0.0007386119,0.0015494231,0.00017354492,0.001954504,0.00047844928,0.00012966954,0.00008777069,0.02304401],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959441,0.0001520847,0.0006966285,0.0005513057,0.00027385989,0.0023820587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985875,0.00007931053,0.00044490988,0.0005285644,0.00025060982,0.000109101165],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009992466,0.0004905204,0.00054157805,0.00018523661,0.00056992884,0.00043659232,0.0008664257,0.00044419346,0.00006264522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023893555,0.00044568337,0.00045174727,0.00014067077,0.000054795488,0.00017020167,0.00026025117,0.0024401636,0.000006559909],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001577088,0.000035284946,0.000004923721,0.000024575571,0.00025877883,0.0000010603445,0.0001000789,0.478131,0.00047649583,0.5157257,0.000083448904,0.0051429025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030413638,0.0006047779,0.00011075545,0.00060996425,0.00048356375,0.00027412496,0.013911116,0.1486225,0.0010056318,0.5691136,0.2598975,0.0023251146],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007629793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0052764174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69064593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00083288143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0072183292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413426278","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126640","title":"Thermodynamic analysis and performance enhancement of an integrated solar–geothermal polygeneration system using grey wolf optimization and LSTM-based forecasting with Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis: A case study on Tenerife Island","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Geothermal gradient; Uncertainty analysis; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Statistics; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.010862230904784439,"score_gpt":0.21855566337266563,"score_spread":0.2076934324678812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413426278","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7751068,0.000027122116,0.22418396,0.000005491974,0.000014189025,0.00023888402,0.000012520037,0.000048955728,0.0003621096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99737865,0.0000037826896,0.0020638402,0.000047169262,0.000024426852,0.000273463,0.000106019645,0.00003236874,0.000070300586],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982048,0.00014067716,0.0005579164,0.00060407113,0.00023043076,0.00026207016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988587,0.000045710425,0.0003540554,0.00048706186,0.00016876245,0.00008572803],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025384422,0.0003417066,0.0006097348,0.00070842094,0.00033956728,0.00009145543,0.00011060771,0.00011398762,0.000008560775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029500368,0.00027076353,0.00007395194,0.001990447,0.000070500115,0.00010371946,0.00003213715,0.00008830977,8.054192e-8],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019797376,0.00019907289,0.0026233587,0.000042513442,0.0019242073,0.000015190448,0.000337772,0.98637635,0.002284374,0.0011841765,1.07095815e-7,0.0048149163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010718263,0.00025475916,0.000954362,0.00005368179,0.0023164575,0.000014093144,0.0029459137,0.99004656,0.0020711867,0.0000014986356,0.000007688496,0.00026194743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.077612706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.039743133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22227186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012547006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074441276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413478944","doi":"10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113872","title":"Utilizing limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) to develop eco-friendly grouts for shallow geothermal energy applications—a laboratory study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Cement; Geothermal gradient; Environmentally friendly; Calcination; Geothermal energy; Environmental science; Geology; Waste management; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Metallurgy; Engineering; Chemistry","score_opus":0.009672181025495311,"score_gpt":0.2591146186753493,"score_spread":0.249442437649854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413478944","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51632446,0.00050381676,0.48129883,0.00037225994,0.00048079476,0.00048634483,0.000009701155,0.000114927294,0.0004088644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97964895,0.000007711266,0.018897481,0.00018547819,0.0003887735,0.00041061352,0.0000028176037,0.000056623452,0.0004015544],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983594,0.000028732562,0.0007782319,0.00025443948,0.00023238549,0.00034685148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985824,0.00012647963,0.00023959759,0.00030075337,0.00060404366,0.00014672932],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005170204,0.00023788179,0.00039110688,0.00043339495,0.00014793612,0.00006735434,0.0003823448,0.000086878674,0.000011856145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000099897734,0.00023133562,0.0001007694,0.0009035102,0.000008552379,0.00013456121,0.00007420849,0.00015162113,0.0000025716927],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051637537,0.00022631888,0.00043327888,0.00008564444,0.0003565565,0.000007615237,0.00034131247,0.7855562,0.13713844,0.068465434,0.00043198632,0.006905588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034581276,0.0005636026,0.007230659,0.0005648357,0.0002835649,0.000032342836,0.001539522,0.034829047,0.043546963,0.00021732638,0.90678585,0.0009481382],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029315267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000071219765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9063539,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021675901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016277807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94335926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414116877","doi":"10.3390/en18174780","title":"A Performance Evaluation and Feasibility Study of Mine Thermal Energy Storage in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Nova Scotia Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Nova scotia; Renewable energy; Flexibility (engineering); Thermal energy storage; Greenhouse gas; Sustainability; Heating system; Coal","score_opus":0.02445149634307791,"score_gpt":0.28707825570549866,"score_spread":0.26262675936242075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414116877","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98758584,0.00043232436,0.000012339038,0.00006435789,0.000111196445,0.00022016728,0.0000019383997,0.00003070996,0.011541139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984984,0.0000122652655,0.000051155264,0.00002689781,0.00003233374,0.000080917176,0.000007765628,0.000011862978,0.0012784],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99878114,0.00016978942,0.0003651014,0.00030038407,0.00021989646,0.00016370384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992843,0.0000627707,0.000103460436,0.00041251816,0.00011059309,0.000026307283],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044978503,0.00014783604,0.00024876086,0.00015951018,0.000053271495,0.000017477805,0.00014938375,0.00006600389,0.00009352874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034212255,0.00013267201,0.000029147692,0.00042515676,0.000060492086,0.00011799441,0.000081667815,0.00006236889,0.0000023017676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007451408,0.0005967249,0.18010512,0.000044838318,0.00004830706,0.000001078507,0.0009933797,0.7863,0.008565934,0.011122493,0.00003700189,0.01211063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018583902,0.00013973258,0.93775934,0.00006884571,0.000038990238,0.0000010867606,0.0015851626,0.053796224,0.003506174,0.00011649097,0.0009583381,0.00017124278],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.048487242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.057657074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7576542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000064224645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006300091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9595382},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414164514","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120470","title":"Validation and conceptualization of thermal zones: A new method of efficiently utilizing borehole thermal energy storage systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Borehole; Exergy; Thermal energy storage; Thermal; Exergy efficiency; Thermal energy; Work (physics); Volume (thermodynamics)","score_opus":0.01267323946224107,"score_gpt":0.24813666987205765,"score_spread":0.23546343040981657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414164514","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22923115,0.0033557687,0.68445826,0.00030433075,0.0006647155,0.00040384894,0.00001248002,0.00013571407,0.08143373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896479,0.00030870046,0.000826253,0.00013454637,0.00003149123,0.00003198446,0.000036341124,0.000015655358,0.008967093],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987918,0.00015569566,0.0004060149,0.00029786731,0.00019306036,0.00015554352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929285,0.000060824743,0.0002444916,0.00026339723,0.00007218927,0.00006624572],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021337453,0.00016512099,0.00027917817,0.0002191371,0.00009725402,0.000027233667,0.00012706872,0.00008683322,0.000051184234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000055581004,0.00015193758,0.000053824886,0.00030600466,0.00007376041,0.000087766384,0.00013744773,0.000030757015,7.234237e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003545054,0.00005530883,0.0000687867,0.00019597365,0.00012942195,0.000001001349,0.00030093483,0.10959073,0.012958019,0.85462475,0.00032526135,0.021714361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052935113,0.0002158355,0.0042166268,0.0008024754,0.00045841394,0.0000050645967,0.009353252,0.29064563,0.083740115,0.0007138455,0.6038439,0.00071131537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010540346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000361318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8539109,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025218917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024599598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99604857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414305030","doi":"10.3390/en18184931","title":"Laboratory Investigation of Heterogeneous Metamorphic Rocks and Their Spatial Distribution of Thermal Conductivity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre de Géomatique du Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Thermal conduction; Geothermal gradient; Heat transfer; Thermal conductivity measurement; Thermal contact conductance; Thermal; Thermal transmittance","score_opus":0.010157154241508252,"score_gpt":0.20994572819218457,"score_spread":0.1997885739506763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414305030","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976823,0.0006082529,0.0008984086,0.00009118418,0.00007425511,0.000059931946,0.00007251227,0.000031696676,0.0004814805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999685,0.000016207656,0.000030693704,0.000021758953,0.00003301111,0.00003259321,0.000049965223,0.0000074736226,0.00012328694],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936694,0.000091478374,0.00023775939,0.00014394395,0.000069033675,0.000090861344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994529,0.00006112315,0.00014355576,0.00020849158,0.000109206194,0.000024758976],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011183403,0.00010572247,0.00021068445,0.000046105488,0.000056180186,0.000008049449,0.00007949464,0.00007419113,0.000015753913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024377947,0.00008591183,0.000044286946,0.00017852908,0.0001638747,0.000067643465,0.000042190753,0.00004566665,6.352568e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018729672,0.000033480763,0.0038842377,0.000075701035,0.000110851746,2.7096772e-7,0.0002723544,0.19900209,0.7280606,0.06491556,0.00003081161,0.0035952958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023407496,0.000027600481,0.03774844,0.000037144608,0.000026990461,8.8244855e-7,0.00014590063,0.0019820961,0.9548673,0.0018142452,0.003019252,0.00009608003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007657683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052598846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22680669,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013299825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048523056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414591283","doi":"10.1080/23311916.2025.2558767","title":"Optimizing neural network architectures for ground temperature prediction in ground source heat pump systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cogent Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sizing; Heat pump; Artificial neural network; Borehole; Heat exchanger; Work (physics); Thermal; Heat transfer","score_opus":0.007394528695865661,"score_gpt":0.20172291081005303,"score_spread":0.19432838211418738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414591283","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95442903,0.0030764474,0.03941482,0.00014830314,0.001336956,0.0006510858,0.000013008465,0.00032690703,0.0006034143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99661773,0.0000060334696,0.00035263223,0.000052012318,0.0006350241,0.00061320746,0.000039227805,0.00004012565,0.0016440153],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989453,0.00002245609,0.0003125579,0.0002723872,0.000092801754,0.0003545126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956745,0.00008779991,0.000029462364,0.00022994523,0.000030184463,0.000055133845],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013959211,0.00019337167,0.00022187522,0.0001263701,0.00012039075,0.00009830719,0.00014149246,0.00012585943,0.000004822948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017926242,0.00019006827,0.00008299308,0.00032220743,0.000010204871,0.000035348945,0.0000339403,0.00016729334,0.000002032179],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010857315,0.000013178087,0.00014870874,0.0001382896,0.000042773987,0.0000010576738,0.00011254013,0.9841012,0.0071451482,0.0078305,0.00009918863,0.00035655816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042449377,0.00001791462,0.001759547,0.0002611935,0.000020920772,0.000010118851,0.00010069922,0.9462459,0.0002772021,0.00004217229,0.050667785,0.0001720559],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010957827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013180317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0505686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010173543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014536673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7750759},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415009965","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108464","title":"Sources of helium and associated heat in hydrothermal fluids from the central western branch of the East African Rift System (Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hydrothermal circulation; East African Rift; Rift; Meteoric water; Mantle (geology); Rift valley; Volcano; Isotopic signature; Helium","score_opus":0.019254121588914517,"score_gpt":0.27185595689452363,"score_spread":0.2526018353056091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415009965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928716,0.003484161,0.000017778124,0.002259994,0.000066502886,0.00019563058,0.000027815735,0.0000039336232,0.0010725862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992215,0.0001356422,0.0000062669446,0.00004570937,0.0000514755,0.00000987959,8.3799296e-7,0.000012222974,0.0005164724],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99749804,0.00091165263,0.0007521524,0.00017337197,0.0003299943,0.00033479932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983652,0.0006996826,0.00033322346,0.00027155728,0.00025990896,0.00007042665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014207844,0.00013130248,0.000521489,0.0002071157,0.00014599036,0.000023967516,0.00037531086,0.00018613711,0.000027769609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022306741,0.000079049474,0.00007633141,0.00044154143,0.0009126024,0.00007778095,0.0001521681,0.0004217317,2.2388917e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050474517,0.00026677933,0.8990597,0.00031804212,0.000640615,0.000009536424,0.004200214,0.002148099,0.070050076,0.019321958,0.000105709594,0.0033744995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014906329,0.00022801847,0.98792386,0.0006277747,0.00004629296,0.000043044998,0.0027620678,0.0016207718,0.0037756942,0.00069267553,0.0007099449,0.00007923404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017733825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033895923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.088864125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038970546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017591119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98880714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415016273","doi":"10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101525","title":"Spatiotemporal geochemical evolution of groundwater through an open-loop geothermal system – a field pilot study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre de Géomatique du Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Aquifer; Mixing (physics); Geothermal gradient; Precipitation; Hydrology (agriculture); Water well","score_opus":0.020252829982292303,"score_gpt":0.26582600645779497,"score_spread":0.24557317647550267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415016273","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9383861,0.00006129339,0.049481757,0.00016866364,0.00019057044,0.002653829,0.0000028260035,0.0001571175,0.008897877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9700824,6.860494e-7,0.002599889,0.00009600732,0.000073439725,0.0027029293,0.00009820867,0.000048522936,0.024297927],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973402,0.00011947227,0.00090794556,0.00064638775,0.00027422977,0.000711771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984652,0.00005911599,0.00021575385,0.0006578375,0.0005155871,0.000086520005],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063438894,0.00034399284,0.00051678973,0.00017739812,0.00050130574,0.00023830385,0.0007983336,0.00012377644,0.0000703092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002164114,0.0003012609,0.00005967698,0.00038650993,0.00004895356,0.00078468985,0.00043728226,0.00011588168,0.000014362821],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0018670642,0.00813223,0.007057914,0.0023180465,0.00083719246,0.000050843264,0.0051631434,0.0038835807,0.0050534355,0.96051604,0.0013678649,0.0037526356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.019360732,0.012409448,0.032345634,0.00078694994,0.00046996961,0.000046732956,0.12875015,0.005667415,0.10996894,0.017173126,0.66973644,0.003284481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10590862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026951893,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9433429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000895198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000416016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415076096","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116569","title":"Optimizing the layout of geothermal energy piles to minimize ground temperature changes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reduction (mathematics); Superposition principle; Computation; Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Finite element method; Efficient energy use; Energy (signal processing); Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.007762623033781107,"score_gpt":0.2187747366543936,"score_spread":0.21101211362061248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415076096","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9223257,0.005967046,0.0067377165,0.012757702,0.0006790869,0.00019379599,0.000034475757,0.00023197771,0.0510725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807935,0.00014844796,0.0010242908,0.0028169085,0.00023895946,0.00014155624,0.000010126397,0.000027494429,0.014798764],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989003,0.00006244704,0.00026532274,0.00033884167,0.00014254471,0.000290554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992585,0.0001248442,0.00010335601,0.00035939369,0.000075429794,0.00007845837],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014848694,0.00022326628,0.00028836032,0.000136352,0.00028772352,0.00007114606,0.00031733568,0.00015627134,0.000071451235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018954139,0.00015669609,0.00007693873,0.00041470566,0.00011135186,0.000064061496,0.0001398523,0.00008131215,0.0000014236642],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045601595,0.00004322403,0.00007609097,0.000023839875,0.000104772196,0.0000016939922,0.0004994107,0.027859107,0.057865005,0.8967882,0.0012469032,0.015446143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004641209,0.00005084423,0.0012593849,0.00015280583,0.000051520576,0.000009486052,0.0007306975,0.0010705031,0.04471122,0.0018509629,0.9493448,0.00030366264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0147466045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002205163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9480979,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018639816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000025542065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99181426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415264310","doi":"10.1038/s43247-025-02729-9","title":"Closed-loop geothermal system is a potential source of low-carbon renewable energy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications Earth & Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Dispatchable generation; Electricity generation; Geothermal desalination; Electricity","score_opus":0.008130577851561243,"score_gpt":0.1986812548057791,"score_spread":0.19055067695421787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415264310","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.513466,0.008512232,0.046027903,0.0037296151,0.00035525468,0.0010448528,0.00008444222,0.0005573936,0.42622232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96451324,0.0003975993,0.0010365419,0.00020002291,0.000040021496,0.0002792673,0.000052420237,0.00003717408,0.03344372],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99830794,0.0002064606,0.0006204564,0.0003339504,0.00023666803,0.00029453204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99630934,0.00006540046,0.00026059354,0.003246231,0.00003394624,0.00008447127],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018002895,0.00022493859,0.00032210906,0.00014076408,0.00029335427,0.00002690908,0.0010113432,0.00014979864,0.00020648904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000052403266,0.00023448291,0.00016397162,0.00024615537,0.00024679588,0.00005023679,0.0004872722,0.00013386477,0.000067114284],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004666821,0.0009875104,0.0009055254,0.00019322641,0.0004554371,0.0000019321171,0.0004603307,0.7253774,0.08849116,0.15885091,0.0006844361,0.023545472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010007011,0.000047740654,0.0045383237,0.00027555382,0.00013684585,0.000006056772,0.0006671588,0.16017835,0.0306862,0.00033402935,0.80171275,0.00041629726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027789352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00058599515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8010283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000085598236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052480034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97868466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415321928","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110887","title":"Quantitative effects of soil organic matter on thermal conductivity modeling","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Soil water; Soil organic matter; Organic matter; Thermal conductivity; Mean squared error; Bulk density; Sensitivity (control systems)","score_opus":0.009970890462867518,"score_gpt":0.22234946341008102,"score_spread":0.21237857294721352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415321928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924691,0.00021132649,0.00026042477,0.0005762136,0.000120546356,0.00011774501,0.0000019795964,0.000023904362,0.0062188073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986619,0.000010319296,0.00006549282,0.00022164373,0.000030791583,0.00005041959,0.0000094625175,0.000005515824,0.00094445824],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934566,0.000080102094,0.0001687448,0.00019801581,0.000049535487,0.00015795117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995817,0.00015824595,0.000062595085,0.00011312177,0.00005521046,0.000029129016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005194409,0.00012604205,0.00023562946,0.000039319777,0.00008126929,0.000007901685,0.000081578284,0.00009871536,0.000039027334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020121635,0.00007238118,0.000051237534,0.00013377338,0.000067296976,0.00005387979,0.000039322476,0.0000889805,0.000035180725],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006537556,0.00013081783,0.0026670115,0.00010108153,0.00018826844,0.0000016089983,0.00024610356,0.11470508,0.30179188,0.57921356,0.00015593361,0.0007333066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019983486,0.0009001818,0.8982881,0.00015015049,0.00023537426,0.000025112688,0.0006082935,0.029926365,0.051041376,0.01543289,0.0008181169,0.0005757068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002607842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009386584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89562106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008957746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007061893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3942294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415564268","doi":"10.1186/s40517-025-00363-4","title":"Groundwater-induced advective heat transfer in U-shaped closed-loop geothermal system: application for a Red Sea rift sedimentary basin","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermal Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Aquifer; Groundwater flow; Sedimentary basin; Geothermal heating; Sedimentary rock; Geothermal energy; Groundwater; Structural basin","score_opus":0.0097561433008423,"score_gpt":0.22816397081762702,"score_spread":0.21840782751678472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415564268","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92999977,0.0003066025,0.031709135,0.0018953441,0.0006289749,0.0018705368,0.0001272186,0.00068376283,0.032778677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988814,0.000012854062,0.00015512716,0.0016649034,0.00039956268,0.004715153,0.0002976131,0.00015474683,0.0037860477],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99630594,0.0002873656,0.0010182298,0.0010839273,0.00033614802,0.0009684011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985144,0.00017255582,0.00008620563,0.0008780287,0.00016730616,0.00018146171],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043011754,0.0006237902,0.0007843979,0.00044672145,0.00033604092,0.000073680254,0.00058029295,0.00046015045,0.0001787579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000109727325,0.00061690615,0.00035074548,0.0008203508,0.00009051043,0.00027297437,0.000070886395,0.00023913136,0.000041858213],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015495879,0.0012305315,0.0019994152,0.00060959125,0.00071011053,0.000024835133,0.00066186977,0.11793536,0.28162858,0.56783664,0.00033057661,0.025482927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01656281,0.0007573855,0.027532224,0.00088700326,0.0004414245,0.0000622439,0.0019231801,0.4278577,0.12127528,0.001911441,0.3978877,0.0029015928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22631328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012917196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5659252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047169614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018412445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415633244","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2025-0347","title":"Field test on thermally induced bending behaviour of energy pile adjacent to slope in a plateau area","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Pile; Bending moment; Foundation (evidence); Plateau (mathematics); Stress (linguistics); Bending; Thermal; Hysteresis; Thermoelastic damping","score_opus":0.0162796239764028,"score_gpt":0.23970558608453907,"score_spread":0.22342596210813626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415633244","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95535684,0.00007960023,0.00088999653,0.007875913,0.00030780476,0.00021128416,0.000032243042,0.000044716962,0.035201613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996674,0.0000097444445,0.000074766926,0.002257914,0.0000801595,0.000047691363,0.0000045545544,0.000020277952,0.0008309062],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855834,0.000046701294,0.00053024857,0.00023275155,0.00017118016,0.00046078346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885184,0.00014705217,0.000108592074,0.00032869517,0.00007794083,0.00048586552],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022772975,0.00016972609,0.000274634,0.0005937463,0.00013524943,0.000044351014,0.0004358133,0.00024569323,0.0003825106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001784404,0.00015921368,0.00010214731,0.0005639632,0.000018815927,0.000045193246,0.00004398118,0.0004784018,0.0000137276265],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019139846,0.0006962093,0.014483402,0.000033481203,0.00014507062,0.00055517035,0.00032529232,0.51760846,0.049091455,0.25381118,0.013676811,0.14938207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004264197,0.0026036082,0.25921422,0.003676723,0.00013670158,0.00031436505,0.0009600307,0.013758984,0.056450676,0.0061182906,0.65035933,0.0021428538],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.25051647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.25846428,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63668257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037733678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048081708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7550668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415681748","doi":"10.64229/krzx9063","title":"&lt;b&gt;Exploring the Challenges of Integrating Geothermal Energy &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;in Sport Spots: A Multi Method Research Design&lt;/b&gt;","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Innovative Energy Systems and Technologies","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Government (linguistics); Incentive; Sustainable development; Geothermal gradient; Exploratory factor analysis; Scarcity; Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.08570356968327864,"score_gpt":0.32003566433884173,"score_spread":0.2343320946555631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415681748","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51847494,0.14262636,0.20509058,0.010415717,0.0031174002,0.0038167522,0.00017827994,0.004989488,0.11129047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853924,0.0028096586,0.0046,0.000047108166,0.00017709998,0.0034264352,0.000017700237,0.00012759198,0.0034020152],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99363446,0.00080782425,0.0019868233,0.0014110026,0.00084631145,0.0013135811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947983,0.0012720017,0.000822068,0.001686325,0.0013411541,0.000080129044],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039247232,0.00086803845,0.0014915316,0.0020003673,0.00068504753,0.00018977595,0.001575688,0.0008011892,0.000013185371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069270656,0.000642935,0.0001841862,0.005647968,0.00090136955,0.00041003674,0.00085899973,0.00077159365,0.0000058883074],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006245373,0.00017594367,0.00016505152,0.00016454152,0.000314371,0.000031470277,0.0005806775,0.011207685,0.07644218,0.8275851,0.000214651,0.08305585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028721176,0.00053418445,0.007023061,0.0038853125,0.000085146436,0.00010655033,0.020962765,0.04286337,0.09515254,0.021627871,0.8028738,0.0020132712],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010038442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006701806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80595726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035617084,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002689402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415777166","doi":"10.2118/230098-ms","title":"A Deep-To-Shallow Seasonal Energy Storage Strategy to Improve Geothermal Longevity in Regina, Saskatchewan","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Regina; Petroleum Technology Research Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Aquifer; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Oil shale; Thermal energy storage; Geothermal heating; Thermal energy; Groundwater","score_opus":0.008149184592452492,"score_gpt":0.23561167830170546,"score_spread":0.22746249370925298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415777166","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6486673,0.0013909206,0.12951925,0.0203331,0.0012881419,0.0020635473,0.0001705505,0.0004539264,0.1961133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81317043,0.00001712524,0.0005638053,0.0043393313,0.000395857,0.00094311207,0.000029599581,0.00010928864,0.18043144],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9943511,0.00038592616,0.001112417,0.0018893874,0.0005896909,0.0016715031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970635,0.0001365748,0.00023591796,0.0014975737,0.00027952174,0.00078690273],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004571588,0.0009864998,0.0011179154,0.00069218135,0.00039092315,0.00033540168,0.001170463,0.0006623987,0.0021912402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039204617,0.0010370235,0.0003823338,0.0025476143,0.0001168891,0.000270225,0.00052135566,0.0005129508,0.00046400278],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003507372,0.00095726113,0.0006479796,0.00020457986,0.0002989596,0.00008298064,0.0013932916,0.52425504,0.014477682,0.23716977,0.0030967987,0.2170649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036457237,0.00083517935,0.04841015,0.000541991,0.00016413307,0.000018018967,0.008638901,0.21787198,0.004155235,0.0014026384,0.7114166,0.0028994705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1025298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3165209,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7083198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00064540637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008127584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99920803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415777534","doi":"10.2118/229172-ms","title":"Leveraging Aquifer Thermal Storage in Shallow Aquifers with Sustainable Low Temperature Resources","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; University of Alberta; Petroleum Technology Research Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Aquifer; Thermal energy storage; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Renewable energy; Geothermal desalination; Geothermal energy; Thermal energy; Renewable heat","score_opus":0.004543130583971134,"score_gpt":0.2026281644590061,"score_spread":0.19808503387503498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415777534","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8004496,0.0012691172,0.00018814832,0.0025124259,0.00014811587,0.00061718636,0.0000043740692,0.00014461877,0.19466639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7258269,0.000030840172,0.00010429621,0.0009871229,0.00016363856,0.00023521707,0.000013651231,0.000075492586,0.27256286],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958806,0.0002922405,0.0008196344,0.001128002,0.00045378326,0.0014257112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980726,0.00013126043,0.00018563659,0.0011298575,0.0002649795,0.00021561595],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054515013,0.0007308512,0.00075262116,0.00058307854,0.0006231082,0.0005288342,0.0007324666,0.00051183737,0.001624395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029619609,0.0005959662,0.00017912558,0.002034424,0.00022179003,0.0004212951,0.00026126555,0.00078928313,0.00006640923],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003726173,0.0005907472,0.01072401,0.0007160337,0.00038254948,0.0003174333,0.0057542166,0.81280494,0.00885238,0.15702029,0.0011417525,0.0013230159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010982588,0.00046258737,0.13992979,0.003755223,0.00032946878,0.00004738723,0.12553479,0.045329567,0.009644905,0.0010513698,0.65890634,0.004025984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.038686372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004924101,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76747537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004360962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048601493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99964917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415820115","doi":"10.3390/mining5040071","title":"Underground Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage in Salt Caverns in Southern Ontario, Canada: Impact of Operating Temperature on Cavern Stability and Interlayer Leakage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mining","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research; Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Brine; Leakage (economics); Hydroelectricity; Renewable energy; Creep; Compressed air energy storage; Water storage","score_opus":0.009882585952548683,"score_gpt":0.22369224575675434,"score_spread":0.21380965980420566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415820115","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937017,0.000101972364,0.000019192928,0.000053480693,0.00004946378,0.000090966845,0.000015655112,0.000013014567,0.005954574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99639904,0.0000018291825,0.0000211541,0.00008595446,0.000019426976,0.00003473721,0.00001553879,0.00001891162,0.0034034196],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986848,0.000118235876,0.0004178195,0.00034020867,0.00014080691,0.00029812407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994076,0.0001355039,0.000095654825,0.00027236785,0.00003379278,0.00005509509],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019546712,0.00020184412,0.0003406441,0.00017206393,0.00007215163,0.000035426503,0.00013694965,0.00011660638,0.00013717341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041212297,0.00018174842,0.000047545713,0.00041804058,0.000024465815,0.000058734342,0.00004867318,0.00024075578,6.3742664e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017332628,0.0003962133,0.46673805,0.00013539233,0.00024430486,0.000088989415,0.028333303,0.3796295,0.107780494,0.010243113,0.00026003562,0.005977287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048637097,0.0004903324,0.8813152,0.0012212642,0.0000540394,0.000019389283,0.022285165,0.0740545,0.0115370555,0.0003635803,0.0023947833,0.0014010017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9976394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9993683,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41457713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013349911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006940474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74114853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415897441","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2025.100781","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Deep Geothermal Energy: Trends, Insights, and Future Perspectives","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable energy focus","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Deep learning; Geothermal energy; Artificial neural network; Resource (disambiguation); Renewable energy; Applications of artificial intelligence; Convolutional neural network","score_opus":0.007794746684985566,"score_gpt":0.22612924174487165,"score_spread":0.21833449505988609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415897441","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.035845336,0.06476989,0.053010806,0.0058364114,0.0011924164,0.00013799463,0.000019235184,0.0006491238,0.83853877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97923315,0.0013257264,0.00033526894,0.00018126552,0.0006729316,0.00017395828,0.000018312807,0.000044674267,0.018014703],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980203,0.00012737789,0.000515455,0.00067405635,0.00018976767,0.0004730544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991091,0.00007398214,0.00011371839,0.0005081244,0.00007070595,0.0001244075],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010413926,0.00034380017,0.00039815434,0.0005712967,0.0002157128,0.000091131966,0.00030449772,0.00027453116,0.0003317789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000116506035,0.00031720495,0.00010885682,0.0012563678,0.00013799834,0.00016701846,0.00010640106,0.0001335595,0.00000658331],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002854705,0.00010430029,0.000035665096,0.000006072568,0.000040709456,0.000009134805,0.0003497498,0.074426785,0.00087249087,0.6407046,0.00009674902,0.28332523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029148208,0.00006181234,0.0009834833,0.000069416776,0.000038090388,0.000013689007,0.0042939773,0.035507422,0.012943913,0.08059092,0.8645657,0.000640141],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14317492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14495541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9433878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001228354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000078813806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999928},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416054856","doi":"","title":"Développement de systèmes Géothermiques sur stations de Relevage d’eau","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"GDG Environnement","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Context (archaeology); Work (physics); Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.011494476408193649,"score_gpt":0.23734634175117383,"score_spread":0.22585186534298018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416054856","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12308628,0.009108606,0.44319183,0.1313191,0.00038376564,0.00059571833,0.00013236089,0.0004584984,0.29172385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.666892,0.0020523067,0.037315134,0.00060428923,0.000048702743,0.00030999235,0.00015687669,0.00006747766,0.29255322],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9926982,0.005092791,0.00068863895,0.0005760088,0.00026263212,0.0006817149],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99494743,0.001523942,0.0003390844,0.001506581,0.0014390324,0.00024392929],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0040473742,0.0003333358,0.00035004367,0.00021123239,0.00064507854,0.0003541602,0.0008271753,0.00028857417,0.0006627084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009247652,0.00039025265,0.00020123094,0.00081950857,0.0002865773,0.00018777486,0.00025174956,0.00032679856,0.00013341858],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000067190513,0.00063783687,0.0026152304,0.00025010513,0.00015941382,0.0000048870006,0.006579298,0.002509197,0.007228164,0.90560824,0.0058722575,0.06852867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011890911,0.0000010172007,0.026858049,0.0045358683,0.00017651005,0.000023943927,0.00092769845,0.06751248,0.08204674,0.040435012,0.77556956,0.0007240335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05382603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02884437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8651732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063313043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008149751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998549},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416203157","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adw9958","title":"Robust increase in observed heat storage by the global subsurface","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Advances","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"NextGenerationEU; Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Permafrost; Biogeochemical cycle; Satellite; Thermal energy storage; Earth system science; Climate change; Geothermal energy; Global warming; Scale (ratio)","score_opus":0.01898945480721333,"score_gpt":0.2613010740900393,"score_spread":0.24231161928282594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416203157","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.959588,0.002834423,0.0005519544,0.002195864,0.00021245531,0.00012769454,0.000011495782,0.000050920597,0.034427214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99699014,0.000019176636,0.00022362065,0.0003425908,0.000014930649,0.000049995142,0.0000021748815,0.0000028609704,0.002354498],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904466,0.000041162366,0.0001420601,0.00029278308,0.00020640652,0.00027291963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994897,0.0000470438,0.000031136093,0.00033618018,0.000043822445,0.000052069518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038602616,0.0000903844,0.00009991973,0.000030169474,0.00029374755,0.00006940569,0.00060711545,0.000024265735,0.000024079536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006512045,0.000061010807,0.000023889903,0.0015973095,0.00038159985,0.00035652248,0.00007183323,0.000060676404,0.00002185583],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009572449,0.00005956938,0.017268982,0.000009971783,0.000003218397,0.0000016027208,0.00006157688,0.85078824,0.013164241,0.10967222,0.00034837576,0.00861244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085201423,0.00003714107,0.10868797,0.00012874552,0.000011726868,0.000006362067,0.002072719,0.024384256,0.015243213,0.010277263,0.83782405,0.00047456197],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015962282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009492514,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83747566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119299526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011436778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9905905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416293754","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00736-0","title":"Opportunities, benefits and impacts of shallow geothermal energy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Investment (military); Renewable energy; Greenhouse gas; Sustainability; Aquifer","score_opus":0.018756780540522315,"score_gpt":0.23056564781249106,"score_spread":0.21180886727196874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416293754","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18293472,0.73716235,0.00041700722,0.002016436,0.000298291,0.00089075085,0.00008336371,0.000089090245,0.07610797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8674947,0.124077305,0.00043836684,0.001236312,0.00008175737,0.00012204577,0.00004099458,0.000026242753,0.0064822687],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873424,0.000096614946,0.0004662278,0.0002999877,0.00016918336,0.00023377848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915206,0.00003704783,0.000197855,0.0004910197,0.000011666371,0.000110317436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023924085,0.0002224051,0.00043941865,0.00007584153,0.00007261935,0.0000139284675,0.00016154417,0.00023765318,0.00043360036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013685388,0.00017964075,0.000122706,0.00009947991,0.00007587292,0.00005898515,0.00008017113,0.00018509751,0.000019536119],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010214422,0.000102455946,0.00073447224,0.000144653,0.00007691163,0.0000025881768,0.000040647534,0.0019894845,0.0029815699,0.48691276,0.00044258995,0.5065617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023150847,0.000026959984,0.012148213,0.00025032577,0.000041616462,0.0000046334967,0.000015232632,0.00015928269,0.0009867764,0.00015579775,0.9858301,0.00014951077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00085161824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002951459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98538756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002363808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026133257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7325537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416375495","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103523","title":"On the use of thermal response tests for deep geothermal exploration in urban areas: A case study made on the Greater Montréal (Canada)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Université Laval; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Heat flux; Geothermal energy; Drilling; Shore; Geothermal exploration","score_opus":0.042442164400663035,"score_gpt":0.24439438071624417,"score_spread":0.20195221631558113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416375495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99429095,0.00002843096,0.00021605894,0.0033590477,0.00008401399,0.0013727525,0.00004204785,0.00003261359,0.00057408947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994636,0.0000016330908,0.000022914042,0.0017303199,0.00005686655,0.0011236673,0.000004729662,0.00005024004,0.00237362],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813527,0.0004944893,0.00046020752,0.00033041774,0.0002554732,0.00032412267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99713564,0.0016547812,0.00017958801,0.00089769304,0.00009191102,0.000040385396],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005650262,0.0002611993,0.0002521476,0.000113564354,0.0002669416,0.000059513255,0.0003106517,0.000095338626,0.00006444183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021752944,0.00015519718,0.0000915164,0.00032855794,0.00007077624,0.00008494107,0.000043556887,0.00018136717,0.000006732654],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003026308,0.00093889603,0.0036234173,0.000026993008,0.00026316696,0.00021514826,0.00656904,0.8727426,0.004112288,0.09901537,0.0021183384,0.007348453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013597624,0.0030123054,0.22515373,0.0008946041,0.0004696027,0.00024041727,0.066750556,0.5247403,0.0106157595,0.006027575,0.14567801,0.002819505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.38857067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5122108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34800228,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013134493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015038085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63287574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416540698","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116725","title":"Numerical modeling of an integrated geothermal thermosiphon and heat/energy recovery ventilation system: development, validation, and feasibility study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy and Buildings","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Center for Northern Studies; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Thermosiphon; Heat recovery ventilation; Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Energy balance; Geothermal heating; Ventilation (architecture); Airflow; Energy recovery","score_opus":0.01566209511982125,"score_gpt":0.24780894029201816,"score_spread":0.23214684517219691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416540698","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96824884,0.0003384408,0.030120257,0.000027089989,0.00007044681,0.000107060085,0.000003055751,0.00007548729,0.0010093368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99869955,0.0000274382,0.00073534856,0.00004006841,0.00003283449,0.00006432959,0.000031986994,0.000019988747,0.00034845935],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986391,0.00013856411,0.00046837208,0.00045197236,0.00012801599,0.00017397059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944097,0.0000424799,0.000104429164,0.00022639493,0.00010594677,0.00007979017],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031901582,0.00020246953,0.00030876815,0.00013447685,0.00025209415,0.00006551364,0.000094926065,0.00012041838,0.000011515443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014519224,0.00017929061,0.00002880988,0.0002674713,0.00005212195,0.00021273378,0.000059385125,0.000060898037,1.9186754e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008564306,0.0013140804,0.01995165,0.0004177041,0.00060603593,0.0000055748774,0.0023091433,0.5076575,0.033406984,0.27155507,0.000030321431,0.16188946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004087533,0.0005890709,0.04676489,0.00075333274,0.00027323276,0.00005045138,0.005270223,0.87619644,0.045706563,0.0033716925,0.015683772,0.001252811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020766832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00068609137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3685389,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049439546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050600564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98575395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416570701","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-95421-4_17","title":"Numerical Investigation of CO2 as a Working Fluid for Geothermal Energy Exploitation at Mount Meager","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Renewable energy; Geothermal desalination; Electricity generation; Borehole; Resource (disambiguation); Geothermal power","score_opus":0.012672104331637483,"score_gpt":0.20784221357516525,"score_spread":0.19517010924352776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416570701","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006589286,0.005021753,0.8644486,0.0006418434,0.0013520669,0.0012222335,0.000072221206,0.00056641275,0.12008558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869289,0.0000550764,0.002123179,0.00019994074,0.00041175765,0.0003841235,0.00020353156,0.00015676563,0.009536741],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839956,0.000015547515,0.0006092066,0.00043976688,0.00023979838,0.00029615007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872845,0.0005070325,0.00023523421,0.00037075012,0.00008984187,0.000068667745],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001240576,0.00041531614,0.0005304459,0.00032989218,0.00005776703,0.000021480228,0.000200435,0.0005240982,0.00017191192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012236659,0.00044048816,0.00020042303,0.00014539417,0.00003328566,0.000049335387,0.000051414023,0.0002284119,0.000006545362],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018461767,0.0000051181423,0.000012338534,0.00015936836,0.00006972105,0.0000016662557,0.00017075118,0.72158545,0.0084606735,0.2662576,0.000022338621,0.0032365215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001119699,0.00011565263,0.0001463394,0.0028819912,0.00016363959,0.000016191341,0.0000062450476,0.39097443,0.03626035,0.0351302,0.53179634,0.0013888985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002077434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017693234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9803396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048768602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000066227694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416652473","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5805851","title":"Numerical and LSTM-Based modelling of Physical Clogging Effects in Geothermal Injection Wells","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Clogging; Geothermal gradient; Injection well; Geothermal energy; Thermal; Suspension (topology); Transient (computer programming); Calibration; Flow (mathematics)","score_opus":0.007756543251513369,"score_gpt":0.23118372958843597,"score_spread":0.2234271863369226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416652473","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55410767,0.0034796959,0.43930492,0.0003747692,0.00039266195,0.00059802737,0.000009005835,0.00004521172,0.0016880755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966313,0.0012888673,0.00027194235,0.00007904091,0.00063831493,0.00010419357,0.000012485221,0.00007656643,0.0008972715],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99392223,0.0006758931,0.0012539197,0.0008624828,0.00049286784,0.0027925991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776334,0.00041713356,0.00095059385,0.0005221977,0.000169686,0.00017704812],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016411992,0.0007184095,0.0012794747,0.00063480076,0.00029591672,0.000093059585,0.00052345835,0.00057878887,0.000016175003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039379545,0.00072687067,0.00052304333,0.00059717096,0.00015080551,0.00014258047,0.00016094759,0.0057037375,0.00000796961],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016174692,0.00041294668,0.00070293125,0.0003805401,0.00030145288,0.000003458209,0.0003344838,0.8496143,0.00055467815,0.12738162,8.821388e-7,0.020150946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018230343,0.00046941344,0.00036799148,0.001240698,0.00019083296,0.00008778164,0.00030497293,0.92100257,0.0009011329,0.07259181,0.0004557551,0.0005640007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016888307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00096966786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44252366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014277694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0035074658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416678161","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147113","title":"Heat pumps and the path to net-zero: A comparative assessment of air-source heat pumps in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electricity; Greenhouse gas; Sustainability; Natural gas; Electricity generation; Grid; Nova scotia; Heat pump; Environmental impact assessment","score_opus":0.010215730659342318,"score_gpt":0.2550790591702062,"score_spread":0.24486332851086387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416678161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857505,0.00023188259,0.0008038391,0.010240324,0.00038062292,0.00021852831,0.0000015185786,0.000004202557,0.002368613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983253,0.00003230903,0.00015365309,0.00027548856,0.00015151205,0.000018580075,0.0000011064494,0.000007316991,0.0010347342],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987818,0.00017364281,0.00053540117,0.00014639575,0.00023488613,0.00012786746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993863,0.00006146836,0.00012110767,0.00020261022,0.00017524144,0.000053250158],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005177932,0.0001037487,0.00033286412,0.000105836254,0.00007456202,0.000015222264,0.000120306635,0.000028708148,0.000011632869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003156963,0.00006873216,0.000045481407,0.00027944118,0.000047390244,0.00008525509,0.000029790786,0.00019013202,4.5866838e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011586409,0.00005496833,0.0027619542,0.00003076365,0.000061022518,0.0000013934188,0.0005836206,0.9852867,0.003258061,0.0033420962,0.0014161277,0.0030874056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0058881426,0.00039881252,0.4122197,0.0010618225,0.00022441361,0.00031388263,0.013415074,0.07585617,0.025789,0.0020125709,0.46224475,0.00057565083],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.80021113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.49649784,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90943056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024230109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003368591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51268977},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416689811","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104709","title":"Comparison of “source-collection-storage-load” technology for low temperature industrial waste heat heating and a case application","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","keywords":"Economic shortage; Heating system; Waste heat; Investment (military); Thermal power station; Thermal energy storage; Efficient energy use; Thermal energy","score_opus":0.010340562818407497,"score_gpt":0.2894161906891993,"score_spread":0.2790756278707918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416689811","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9649282,0.0016003437,0.029190283,0.0011868458,0.00008755255,0.0005500767,0.000009140456,0.00050874345,0.0019387805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944578,0.00008222918,0.0009089936,0.000020015425,0.000028004852,0.0011343017,0.000014593088,0.000020809983,0.0033332766],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987187,0.000022261067,0.00039696007,0.00040796166,0.000106024156,0.0003481334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912405,0.000093809664,0.00015670617,0.00035202585,0.00024476973,0.000028619063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016310017,0.00020373591,0.00036602688,0.00038072537,0.00055713544,0.00006605655,0.00016529569,0.00052603683,0.0000024668304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010776896,0.00019585551,0.000044866414,0.0009788258,0.00018009472,0.000095664655,0.00030006186,0.00019781405,8.4379366e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068712536,0.00018909934,0.0025720783,0.0003550458,0.00016563416,0.000014794408,0.00007715069,0.0205838,0.007819025,0.7578073,0.0007305279,0.2096168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005905619,0.0010531744,0.000081808925,0.0004895851,0.00026668378,0.00021357475,0.25141886,0.16637857,0.22779551,0.0604271,0.28482476,0.001144738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0074410266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040808867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69738024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013870491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001442851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416712496","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2025.2570090","title":"Thermal response functions of borehole heat exchangers with horizontal pipes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Borehole; Thermal; Heat pipe; Heat transfer; Micro heat exchanger","score_opus":0.00722401710417904,"score_gpt":0.21153529845790764,"score_spread":0.2043112813537286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416712496","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98790324,0.00048482534,0.0024229246,0.007661779,0.00004688655,0.0002802327,0.000010370672,0.000041478324,0.0011482807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99775803,0.0000282691,0.0002684283,0.000055936012,0.00000900939,0.00033457496,8.686368e-7,0.000005275264,0.0015396151],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935704,0.000009670771,0.00010585563,0.00021865258,0.00012557524,0.00018319704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947494,0.00006132451,0.00003368672,0.00038766966,0.000020923428,0.000021428863],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000353707,0.00008022482,0.00009267578,0.00015339852,0.00042737127,0.000010569443,0.00028037658,0.000054817017,0.00001558937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020581638,0.000048404556,0.00001996056,0.00041096527,0.0015138756,0.000046505844,0.00009250318,0.00005527065,0.000003982145],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024734816,0.00011460788,0.0016693501,0.000012620637,0.00006663152,6.9109245e-7,0.00016779783,0.011201276,0.8059233,0.12046672,0.00012809705,0.060001567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013222335,0.000884901,0.037667166,0.000053602536,0.00011983086,0.000014983353,0.004495333,0.004157831,0.34477362,0.0033698785,0.60283697,0.00030363118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004223893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000858604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6027089,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044181485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004716286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55779374},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416766920","doi":"","title":"Thermal Stratification Effects on Geothermal Heat Exchange Systems in Pit Lakes: A Modelling Perspective","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Heat exchanger; Thermal stratification; Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Stratification (seeds)","score_opus":0.012423953219289218,"score_gpt":0.22376869097756288,"score_spread":0.21134473775827367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416766920","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30022246,0.033180725,0.16195731,0.038546957,0.0012180579,0.002023917,0.00009344888,0.00038125698,0.46237588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92361283,0.0006347349,0.0012155819,0.00018585412,0.0001059157,0.00054192706,0.0000997606,0.00007236188,0.07353104],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.991254,0.0059983637,0.0007531443,0.00095864356,0.00038877947,0.00064707873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948488,0.0017534782,0.0002717456,0.0017119221,0.0012387577,0.00017530976],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030564505,0.00046980852,0.0005114382,0.00038675524,0.00046406843,0.00039741382,0.0007720582,0.00041209193,0.00017212128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027670572,0.0005201671,0.0002038853,0.0010807978,0.00022845565,0.00026642767,0.00014490451,0.00053973636,0.00017056434],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023082936,0.0006923883,0.00015571405,0.00033203283,0.00008590067,0.000005694945,0.0076625263,0.2218589,0.0048901425,0.7473396,0.00016049735,0.016793495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017187793,0.0000029812156,0.0023694008,0.0075115873,0.00008916105,0.000006584064,0.0020246431,0.9042631,0.01801382,0.0031247572,0.060163464,0.00071177044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09180067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012344783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7442149,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059260585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002590696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416771226","doi":"","title":"Climatic effects on geothermal district heating networks","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Climate change; Heat flow; Global warming","score_opus":0.006863973849978254,"score_gpt":0.21472647128357847,"score_spread":0.20786249743360022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416771226","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1277373,0.009866429,0.2904686,0.036606662,0.0012212202,0.00082874275,0.00004082219,0.00042109145,0.53280914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8673336,0.00041885272,0.0041676536,0.0006295814,0.00010946513,0.00019889206,0.00014734294,0.00006499441,0.12692964],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99240875,0.0052513247,0.00069537817,0.0006854067,0.00029708055,0.0006620616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993175,0.0037931346,0.0003630273,0.001785156,0.0006756871,0.00020793875],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027492987,0.00040654303,0.0004456774,0.00016809121,0.0007654752,0.00034453333,0.00080567785,0.00032507227,0.00035264992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008133418,0.00043972099,0.00026179725,0.0010232085,0.00022890819,0.00014261178,0.00028580157,0.00049038115,0.00022891648],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008925539,0.0004952587,0.00093599,0.00027745616,0.00010987707,0.0000045345855,0.0008523425,0.022407139,0.00053262094,0.7218662,0.0012407998,0.25126886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017782217,0.0000022046445,0.017771464,0.010706737,0.0001933026,0.000014083041,0.00019570053,0.652383,0.021182224,0.003978429,0.2909339,0.000860717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014530613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027970849,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7395963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021374412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013711189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99980545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416774339","doi":"10.1080/23744731.2025.2580181","title":"Ground-source heat pump systems – 2024 IGSHPA conference","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology for the Built Environment","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Current (fluid); Coefficient of performance; Air source heat pumps","score_opus":0.01220504284079977,"score_gpt":0.226643728752631,"score_spread":0.21443868591183124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416774339","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8686164,0.0069968966,0.049802534,0.044987265,0.00137582,0.0024899412,0.00004304657,0.0004950844,0.025192998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815729,0.00015245732,0.00007794285,0.00013145125,0.000024293859,0.00067311246,0.0000015226618,0.000007425778,0.017358867],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893975,0.000009538088,0.00017611012,0.00038301514,0.00017920899,0.00031235022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992304,0.000059445603,0.000041150113,0.00059833133,0.000031496882,0.000039181585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003994344,0.00012396224,0.00013841593,0.00015524181,0.0007082609,0.00007913375,0.0006204618,0.00010343245,0.000034449586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030913056,0.00008355525,0.000026265823,0.00044751714,0.0012708177,0.00006730063,0.00023466212,0.00010166824,0.000039809132],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004259561,0.00003924072,0.00028283504,0.000021483125,0.00003168966,4.175191e-7,0.000049805716,0.01109986,0.033421755,0.92811525,0.0002944964,0.026638893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025046756,0.000047572557,0.00077613216,0.00003444546,0.000031762916,0.000014620502,0.0011443462,0.029313091,0.0066221524,0.0099492455,0.9516693,0.00014691101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016489554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006477731,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95137477,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000077590965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049782604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5447442},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416949918","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-03932-6","title":"Geothermal networks let cities warm and cool as one","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"World Federation of Science Journalists","funders":"","keywords":"Upgrade; Flexibility (engineering); Renewable energy; Geothermal gradient; Heating system; Greenhouse gas","score_opus":0.005023829064436937,"score_gpt":0.22544346406100477,"score_spread":0.22041963499656783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416949918","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.56274396,0.011513775,0.0007868793,0.0057307715,0.00063418184,0.00029534893,0.000017447477,0.0003120501,0.4179656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96225774,0.00006608101,0.00007576925,0.003209619,0.00024497887,0.000043843964,0.000016464362,0.000014617659,0.034070883],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942046,0.000022879918,0.000117679825,0.00018076242,0.00008765144,0.00017055044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996308,0.000041477215,0.00003412644,0.00021080655,0.00004192316,0.000040866038],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006124716,0.000106570325,0.00013549291,0.000043264903,0.000117517106,0.000040095736,0.00011681359,0.00067079253,0.00022563261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000132533805,0.00009579084,0.000034926816,0.00015559045,0.000047308182,0.000039583454,0.000042465497,0.0006557805,0.00002506166],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029416713,0.00003793245,0.00044809066,0.000030172969,0.00008903838,0.000003177666,0.000113839924,0.02239999,0.00090292096,0.95325375,0.007890023,0.014801629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042854258,0.000015831904,0.009889808,0.00006759443,0.000025896605,0.000006433385,0.00013219578,0.005107864,0.0007518699,0.0032965883,0.98010254,0.00017484037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002031268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004068036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9722125,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014750045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020770216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51737666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417124511","doi":"10.3390/pr13123969","title":"Design and Operational Strategies for Enhancing Thermal Output in Coaxial Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Coaxial; Organic Rankine cycle; Electrical conductor; Geothermal gradient; Thermal; Heat transfer; Thermal energy; Range (aeronautics)","score_opus":0.02129214818985817,"score_gpt":0.2593243119451333,"score_spread":0.2380321637552751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417124511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6838796,0.0066444897,0.29085252,0.00063818216,0.00035007356,0.0015223554,0.00002362418,0.00021365305,0.015875466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99464864,0.00003141677,0.00075433624,0.000118477685,0.00014215751,0.0015325152,0.000013204762,0.000019948973,0.002739326],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906874,0.000046382385,0.00030132226,0.00026306233,0.0000955549,0.00022494834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994352,0.0002127675,0.000063965635,0.00011357683,0.00014290964,0.000031596173],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022147242,0.00014886806,0.00019834292,0.00008883017,0.00015528918,0.0001914892,0.00013132571,0.00008928865,0.000016261843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045145694,0.00013088774,0.000019956819,0.00020099412,0.000043536347,0.00022346212,0.000023453531,0.00006194127,0.000005369906],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009400303,0.000101426456,0.0005811881,0.0015259886,0.00005784599,0.000001599434,0.0007799017,0.78430194,0.010863088,0.1977417,0.0001476376,0.003803703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010043127,0.000515583,0.0075909267,0.0022835222,0.00021555435,0.000045801335,0.01719188,0.5492631,0.07310514,0.022215923,0.31482503,0.002704379],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024879426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001168474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3146774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002448954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037511924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5337447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417129191","doi":"10.22541/essoar.176521669.99321694/v1","title":"Three-Dimensional Geostatistical Inverse Analyses of Transient Head and Temperature Data from a Long-Term Heat Tracer Test","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"TRACER; Head (geology); Transient (computer programming); Temperature measurement; Inverse; Parameterized complexity; Inverse problem; Inverse method","score_opus":0.0493888746327,"score_gpt":0.32414424509647344,"score_spread":0.2747553704637734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417129191","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97877514,0.0048146946,0.005904713,0.0024505276,0.0002573488,0.00048206726,0.005240252,0.000054563847,0.002020692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99301386,0.0001300601,0.0025365322,0.0005503879,0.00012621429,0.000033287448,0.0014399388,0.000033980716,0.0021357352],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99705875,0.00009349822,0.0009731358,0.0010991812,0.00037287775,0.000402565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99717426,0.00074262574,0.00010145246,0.0015425412,0.0001808898,0.00025823878],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016916178,0.00046095368,0.0007807841,0.0001581171,0.00023160105,0.00010522856,0.0004999665,0.00036692354,0.0031030173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008120156,0.00038358654,0.00012562877,0.0005250901,0.00042270514,0.0001946284,0.00028912214,0.0003154651,0.000035682882],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009298582,0.007588652,0.11768956,0.001455802,0.005338957,0.00021738098,0.0006643918,0.05456999,0.6886372,0.060214408,0.043400615,0.0192932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033481393,0.0001908368,0.73075026,0.0010150895,0.0013258982,0.000020908505,0.00015168985,0.25082228,0.0062769637,0.00065706566,0.0046739294,0.00076693494],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08195108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10789143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68236023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036848007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025728653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417277792","doi":"10.24215/24226483e151","title":"Construir un pozo canadiense en Argentina","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Estudios del hábitat/Estudios del hábitat","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Exploit; Government (linguistics); Work (physics); Energy (signal processing); Energy policy","score_opus":0.010242473231873543,"score_gpt":0.2353403293665105,"score_spread":0.22509785613463695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417277792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8920016,0.032049634,0.0027031435,0.0066340626,0.0067837876,0.0035560392,0.0006560447,0.00088029634,0.05473537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9660182,0.0027926695,0.0026711477,0.0026356226,0.0012021477,0.0017849033,0.00017984108,0.00042712665,0.02228836],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98562175,0.0013056963,0.0038915845,0.003677005,0.0015412495,0.003962701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9899992,0.0020412637,0.0012731843,0.0037038145,0.0015225341,0.0014600159],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016952425,0.0028008362,0.0032651704,0.0012311869,0.0029400762,0.0004978668,0.0025423828,0.0011171048,0.0010292551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010145628,0.0029591406,0.0015331806,0.004077487,0.001368362,0.00064871914,0.0015817491,0.0017872046,0.0024717825],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004469237,0.003629249,0.05714072,0.001327155,0.010271359,0.0020195188,0.0059462334,0.043512035,0.0015898072,0.7632585,0.08398491,0.026873566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01519153,0.0011417986,0.110481955,0.0029710075,0.004946957,0.001260008,0.024813045,0.011377535,0.0019479849,0.0064744027,0.81149155,0.007902216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01943796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03289931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75678414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015702591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021647965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417414956","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103574","title":"Demand, operational conditions, and impacts on geothermal energy networks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat exchanger; Electricity; Geothermal energy; Borehole; Bundle; Lift (data mining); Thermal; Thermal energy","score_opus":0.006652926495784288,"score_gpt":0.23287501539795336,"score_spread":0.22622208890216908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417414956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74325585,0.0016924499,0.023372402,0.0042284904,0.00079908257,0.00047098738,0.0001073179,0.00047994545,0.22559348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98396236,0.00012332642,0.000071318806,0.0048214616,0.0002259712,0.00011148565,0.00007774704,0.00003214383,0.010574161],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896,0.00006310365,0.00026827623,0.00030005246,0.000116213014,0.00029231785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993646,0.00009773516,0.00007036894,0.00031856992,0.000054660402,0.00009405483],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000117077354,0.00019928183,0.00019307891,0.00010167818,0.0002862983,0.0000807713,0.00014741918,0.00015243357,0.00037101813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013896309,0.00018136018,0.000059852086,0.00019552336,0.00009076214,0.00008092371,0.000040116298,0.00010991291,0.000038682745],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017335859,0.00005030707,0.00050870056,0.000005453103,0.00005289827,0.0000019840197,0.000024943894,0.23467039,0.000737937,0.7588451,0.001405497,0.0036794778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002131385,0.0001133823,0.04075943,0.00019586677,0.00007123775,0.000040876876,0.00015416437,0.3460218,0.0014752017,0.015246038,0.5930113,0.0007792635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027416865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065173407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74359906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004235522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057826735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7395654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417436501","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.139697","title":"Multi-objective optimization of thermal performance of the cascaded latent heat storage system for backfill body based on RSM and NSGA-II","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","keywords":"Phase-change material; Thermal energy storage; Exergy efficiency; Exergy; Thermal; Dissipation; Latent heat; Geothermal gradient; Sorting; Inlet","score_opus":0.008406481340466484,"score_gpt":0.2108330881566241,"score_spread":0.20242660681615762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417436501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96146256,0.00017117159,0.031215312,0.00030292827,0.00034990066,0.0004289098,0.00005788955,0.00006223063,0.005949093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99665344,0.000007926894,0.00082636386,0.000075890755,0.00003644726,0.00017873028,0.000016880085,0.000020551239,0.0021837603],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991687,0.00008096108,0.00027113676,0.00021228782,0.00012065014,0.00014629407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992844,0.0000786982,0.00013501215,0.00035099074,0.0001221997,0.000028697446],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012701945,0.00014169952,0.00023131826,0.000078965124,0.00017604974,0.0000071795175,0.00015370054,0.000098658165,0.000010040061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013296638,0.00009957592,0.00009089082,0.00021381081,0.00005641603,0.000040199244,0.000046461573,0.000048303733,3.0248415e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006876964,0.000075977456,0.00022123841,0.00010887105,0.000040647967,9.904821e-8,0.000084094536,0.96555316,0.014615631,0.018905083,0.000023419854,0.0003030081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009578521,0.00010010948,0.0050801667,0.00019735718,0.000030502017,6.754281e-7,0.00007104693,0.9149959,0.076547086,0.000003383256,0.0019219877,0.00009393535],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037331607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017125635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.061931457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058452722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048933052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5643447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417527104","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5938435","title":"Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Granular Mixtures and their Characterization by Series/Parallel Elements -- Unfinished Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Compaction; Gypsum; Characterization (materials science); Thermal; Thermal conductivity measurement; Brine; Measuring instrument","score_opus":0.01876862823371843,"score_gpt":0.2492688813544527,"score_spread":0.23050025312073424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417527104","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932957,0.001439515,0.0030105375,0.00027294076,0.00027984628,0.000700793,0.000097575605,0.000041639258,0.0008614409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968087,0.00062438945,0.000039212842,0.00003974202,0.00014578988,0.00013530957,0.00018865334,0.000037555506,0.001980646],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969282,0.00043921272,0.0007701888,0.00046427507,0.00036076579,0.0010373648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984097,0.000020224777,0.0008076609,0.00045260458,0.00023273905,0.000077061086],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014861033,0.00042555013,0.00061588146,0.0001355457,0.00024529776,0.00008356117,0.0004651025,0.00023801638,0.000037690108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002390422,0.00035143227,0.00015247871,0.00014452408,0.000062985055,0.00015214372,0.00022156349,0.001473132,0.0000015270681],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009017455,0.0041454434,0.05866925,0.0004273095,0.009060646,0.0000035060182,0.0042003226,0.016825857,0.7885307,0.060578987,0.00012313387,0.056533072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.049737416,0.009577608,0.20311293,0.0027771995,0.005410065,0.0005402446,0.035907034,0.0061550452,0.1966271,0.4149883,0.062483985,0.012683084],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024625256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016646946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5919036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002842743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008954853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W56423719","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-95861-3_10","title":"District Energy Systems","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; Environmental economics; Power station; Geothermal energy; Engineering; Combined cycle; Waste management; Environmental science; Geothermal gradient; Process engineering; Natural resource economics; Environmental engineering; Power (physics); Mechanical engineering; Electricity generation; Economics; Gas turbines; Electrical engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.022534919190621016,"score_gpt":0.1946713587693596,"score_spread":0.1721364395787386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W56423719","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000014093191,0.0011748925,0.0019158757,0.000022197139,0.00044744246,0.00009256923,0.000037282378,0.0002873838,0.996021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.045925967,0.00018985519,0.000026080681,0.00008641622,0.0006432248,0.00010029337,0.00015286864,0.00013627678,0.952739],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985957,0.0000122368465,0.0004740208,0.00044028758,0.00022129025,0.00025647553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867094,0.000028174238,0.00025346267,0.00080847176,0.00008809896,0.00015087375],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000050871702,0.0004041693,0.0004493749,0.00010818511,0.00008794173,0.000045349614,0.0003428112,0.0004922101,0.005910435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002013839,0.00033579033,0.00021572618,0.000028040653,0.000054099502,0.000038549868,0.000070386304,0.00014426095,0.002062481],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021938315,0.0000101377545,5.5797403e-7,0.000019383353,0.000096437005,0.0000073904453,0.000007540508,0.0005278332,0.000007850873,0.9854297,0.0076355063,0.006255477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000086057575,0.000017974187,0.0000054507145,0.000061951134,0.000042510423,0.000019396739,0.000004377242,0.00018253844,0.000015581969,0.017651271,0.98150593,0.00040694696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.043575276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009766265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97387046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005938325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040262294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W58111858","doi":"","title":"Simulation of earth-to-air heat exchanger systems","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dimensioning; Heat exchanger; Transient (computer programming); Volume (thermodynamics); Environmental science; Condensation; Control volume; Airflow; Relative humidity; Tube (container); Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Geography; Physics; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.025185813442114693,"score_gpt":0.2739765475370117,"score_spread":0.24879073409489705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W58111858","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75366914,0.0002287072,0.00016787226,0.00008988817,0.00092810317,0.0008870559,0.000024543298,0.0001337274,0.24387097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8454594,0.000021523054,0.000009359698,0.0000037192308,0.0004718055,0.000021781772,0.00015623882,0.00007496316,0.15378119],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99675053,0.00041803982,0.00047167053,0.0007402975,0.0009457745,0.00067368173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99764323,0.00025489792,0.00021312699,0.0008847778,0.0006365893,0.00036738697],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036051375,0.00034390928,0.00057932216,0.001506924,0.000501171,0.00007480334,0.0006857572,0.0005056375,0.000083794075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054587686,0.00038860063,0.00025421428,0.0016130407,0.000111639674,0.00018649914,0.000097734264,0.0006051569,0.0001674841],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003245174,0.00013687152,0.0005704823,0.00049562287,0.00020604668,0.00014316355,0.0006866395,0.92904574,0.024617607,0.043505345,0.00008639596,0.00018157618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028512643,0.0014441593,0.07981185,0.0026323458,0.00030304736,0.00002873567,0.01244538,0.018083058,0.1017653,0.0008097707,0.77751166,0.0023134495],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.27449486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.060419984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9109627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050338125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007423548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W596723060","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-07896-0_32","title":"An Integrated Monitoring Framework for Geothermal Space-Heating Systems in Residential Buildings, Fort McMurray","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Civil engineering; Architectural engineering; Engineering; Environmental science; Geology","score_opus":0.019700966306119,"score_gpt":0.26495867284656666,"score_spread":0.24525770654044765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W596723060","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012775668,0.0012098675,0.3646671,0.00023632192,0.0042962506,0.0031442735,0.00014234042,0.001237587,0.6122906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5545784,0.000045666835,0.018858856,0.000059056812,0.0057529397,0.00091658696,0.00021322204,0.0005743462,0.41900092],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99715567,0.00004937542,0.0010058787,0.00084046635,0.0003490769,0.0005995276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99797606,0.00022609692,0.00051632506,0.0008881822,0.00019862903,0.00019470332],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000500783,0.0006338867,0.00085216813,0.0003292748,0.00021231361,0.00023931704,0.0005332267,0.0011147334,0.00029405204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004812373,0.0005939232,0.00024364667,0.0000835324,0.000058523266,0.00013124014,0.000053458407,0.0006062888,0.000075497854],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027304064,0.000016104354,0.00009619542,0.00012788751,0.00007508745,0.0000031307516,0.00008508068,0.092335455,0.00051459647,0.90235347,0.00010917706,0.004256495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008477838,0.00019631024,0.00017840868,0.0034264545,0.0001131832,0.000020305133,0.0004566891,0.028629405,0.00076840026,0.027159233,0.9366125,0.0015913697],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05290457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018554569,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9365033,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022412455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000083137405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996512},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W600483659","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511781773","title":"Heat Generation and Transport in the Earth","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Geodynamics; Geophysics; Mantle convection; Earth's internal heat budget; Mantle (geology); Lithosphere; Crust; Radiogenic nuclide; Earth science; Geology; Plate tectonics; Heat flux; Context (archaeology); Convection; Tectonics; Heat transfer; Meteorology; Physics; Mechanics; Seismology","score_opus":0.016597202401147846,"score_gpt":0.18317361529738954,"score_spread":0.1665764128962417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W600483659","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01534952,0.00006654423,0.00007849162,0.00003722957,0.00010301691,0.00028474466,0.00006352271,0.000041682863,0.98397523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.027160937,0.000033712786,0.00002614176,0.00009843982,0.0002671106,0.000005442485,0.0001578752,0.000023902532,0.97222644],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991967,0.00005807195,0.0001381936,0.00030012013,0.00014444845,0.00016245146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994302,0.000028646822,0.00004022873,0.00040572658,0.000038080234,0.000057166842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000107322114,0.00019447002,0.0002046943,0.000079682584,0.00015163404,0.000026498436,0.00027924808,0.00032327016,0.0000036497265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013682084,0.00017373225,0.00007335294,0.000013679676,0.00011388819,0.000045398956,0.000032774955,0.00041168733,0.000004717842],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009836473,0.000016319085,0.00000533645,0.000032242737,0.000024966646,0.000051778734,0.00017772321,0.00024381714,0.0009862379,0.99006665,0.0076196175,0.00076548086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034566893,0.000012328707,0.00026456386,0.000025527654,0.000047282094,0.000014814337,0.000034549223,0.00050704455,0.00018897663,0.00000305291,0.9983687,0.00018753481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0068775243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014757557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99074906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032439526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008242516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997358},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W623769803","doi":"","title":"大規模かつ街レベルの地中熱利用ヒートポンプシステムの調査と開発について, Shicong Zhang, Wei Xu and Zhijian Liu : Research and Development of Large Scale and City Level Ground Source Heat Pump System [11thIEA Heat Pump Conference 2014, May 12-16 2014, Montreal (Quebec) Canada proceedings, May 2014, Session 3 : Heat Pump Applications in Residential and Commercial Buildings KN.1.3.1 pp.1-10](環境工学,文献抄録)","year":2014,"lang":"ja","type":"article","venue":"建築雑誌","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Zhàng; Urban heat island; Scale (ratio); Meteorology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; History; Geography; Cartography; Heat exchanger; China; Archaeology","score_opus":0.03191994515653581,"score_gpt":0.26929108608356944,"score_spread":0.23737114092703362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W623769803","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.988881,0.0022686862,0.0011350162,0.002742677,0.00019322328,0.0019356962,0.00034475507,0.00010085221,0.0023980993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99175715,0.0008950911,0.00027758643,0.00010981587,0.00044681452,0.00063986715,0.00021731896,0.00014386007,0.0055125016],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9928971,0.00050882495,0.0017355669,0.0019681603,0.0012184344,0.0016719342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965125,0.00050339836,0.0003712485,0.00082211994,0.00072236947,0.0010684163],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025915585,0.0009806211,0.0015107407,0.00051810587,0.0019675759,0.0006905723,0.0006509034,0.0008304315,0.00018364254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007088832,0.0009804999,0.000087003624,0.00050835474,0.0008783282,0.0006388213,0.0010609836,0.0009854231,0.000021479826],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0035207595,0.004748905,0.5066745,0.025588522,0.0020976863,0.00009463449,0.05964853,0.0017350682,0.093133256,0.10898332,0.11692625,0.07684854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00839685,0.00045542055,0.55829173,0.003857695,0.00030990693,0.00024297617,0.02132755,0.011595942,0.015681904,0.00032739723,0.37638935,0.0031232596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.92463076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.96254694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2594631,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000814095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00095922383,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6889771513","doi":"10.25855/sft2024-090","title":"Stockage d'énergie par pompage thermique low-tech à faible empreinte carbone en milieu minier : revue critique de la faisabilite du stockage en lit garni par pulvérisation d'huile thermique sur des roches locales","year":2024,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Société Française de Thermique","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Numerical modeling; Poison control","score_opus":0.007311758506452988,"score_gpt":0.25344299198176967,"score_spread":0.24613123347531668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6889771513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.901074,0.034180872,0.030149307,0.004580322,0.0008887587,0.0019483366,0.0004864166,0.0012858486,0.02540613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9504014,0.004496829,0.0017229017,0.0007173142,0.002735091,0.0030037297,0.0001841406,0.0007462681,0.035992317],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98853135,0.005132965,0.0017907728,0.00191797,0.00051892677,0.0021080237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922479,0.0041626184,0.00043354978,0.0019612494,0.0004153544,0.0007793472],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042110193,0.0016419999,0.0015948868,0.00038364477,0.00080592505,0.0006364456,0.0014482829,0.0026869203,0.0025709835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007672342,0.0016920163,0.0012551546,0.001022782,0.0016267829,0.00087272696,0.00034346132,0.0023407622,0.00036830988],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048010235,0.002655594,0.005381362,0.008589524,0.0022910621,0.0011745561,0.1292755,0.09477452,0.527876,0.112175845,0.0047095055,0.110616386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003275089,0.0006451717,0.026459843,0.008800446,0.0011897817,0.0011532174,0.013753874,0.09325666,0.18512265,0.052816,0.6082137,0.0053135143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05003125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011230124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60350424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013415605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013873919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999609},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6893538729","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565963","title":"Tintina fault core analysis for potential geothermal development","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal exploration; Geothermal energy; Fault (geology); Core (optical fiber)","score_opus":0.026596553884626246,"score_gpt":0.23301817903876199,"score_spread":0.20642162515413573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6893538729","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7270673,0.000056813667,0.050766878,0.0005035401,0.00018684033,0.0011388472,0.00022105205,0.0011737451,0.21888497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98049027,0.000005144022,0.00071508944,0.00009062524,0.0001285776,3.9175225e-7,0.0020650474,0.0007495859,0.015755296],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986142,0.000078223486,0.00029313457,0.0004011847,0.00026158965,0.0003516644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889994,0.000014780068,0.0001283002,0.0004283074,0.00040818824,0.00012048656],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036088412,0.00014163619,0.00019057021,0.00021666885,0.001125404,0.00037899727,0.00059918535,0.00007117011,0.016078625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045744033,0.0001413386,0.000119867174,0.00059208635,0.00004588167,0.00014222578,0.0003213163,0.00010437647,0.0078076273],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035505963,0.00081335055,0.00022195997,0.00034037916,0.0026474937,0.000013146433,0.003190257,0.32420325,0.085988924,0.28173795,0.051494718,0.24899352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047680794,0.000056699933,0.0031911035,0.000008739876,0.0000509489,0.00001294809,0.00018336534,0.008001263,0.00060655957,0.000067846464,0.98715764,0.00018605075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018362018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034501602,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9356629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081460494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004635886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9929649},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6893584453","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565962","title":"Tintina fault core analysis for potential geothermal development","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal exploration; Geothermal energy; Fault (geology); Core (optical fiber)","score_opus":0.026596553884626246,"score_gpt":0.23301817903876199,"score_spread":0.20642162515413573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6893584453","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7270673,0.000056813667,0.050766878,0.0005035401,0.00018684033,0.0011388472,0.00022105205,0.0011737451,0.21888497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98049027,0.000005144022,0.00071508944,0.00009062524,0.0001285776,3.9175225e-7,0.0020650474,0.0007495859,0.015755296],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986142,0.000078223486,0.00029313457,0.0004011847,0.00026158965,0.0003516644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889994,0.000014780068,0.0001283002,0.0004283074,0.00040818824,0.00012048656],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036088412,0.00014163619,0.00019057021,0.00021666885,0.001125404,0.00037899727,0.00059918535,0.00007117011,0.016078625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045744033,0.0001413386,0.000119867174,0.00059208635,0.00004588167,0.00014222578,0.0003213163,0.00010437647,0.0078076273],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035505963,0.00081335055,0.00022195997,0.00034037916,0.0026474937,0.000013146433,0.003190257,0.32420325,0.085988924,0.28173795,0.051494718,0.24899352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047680794,0.000056699933,0.0031911035,0.000008739876,0.0000509489,0.00001294809,0.00018336534,0.008001263,0.00060655957,0.000067846464,0.98715764,0.00018605075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018362018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000034501602,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9356629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081460494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004635886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9929649},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6901576236","doi":"10.60692/1q7my-w1z57","title":"Holistic and Affordable Approach to Supporting the Sustainability of Family Houses in Cold Climates by Using Many Vacuum-Tube Solar Collectors and Small Water Tank to Provide the Sanitary Hot Water, Space Heating, Greenhouse, and Swimming Poole Heating De","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Greater South Information System","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Sustainability; Solar water heating; Thermal energy storage; Passive solar building design; Installation; Storage tank; Cold climate","score_opus":0.027219071916552384,"score_gpt":0.22045122028993078,"score_spread":0.1932321483733784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6901576236","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945269,0.000029031866,0.0037200085,0.00012226655,0.000029433892,0.0012412475,0.00006323175,0.000063444604,0.00020443849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987639,2.5250066e-7,0.0003883042,0.00018458575,0.000020614742,0.0005295063,0.000013828544,0.000028537472,0.00007046744],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980533,0.0002612581,0.0007373069,0.00024195749,0.00021104027,0.0004951307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926066,0.00004600094,0.00019227706,0.00029778364,0.00010441492,0.00009888562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016562409,0.0002202863,0.00031562982,0.0001604205,0.0008754837,0.00022994087,0.00017679128,0.000057101377,0.0000023526582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031810046,0.00013063174,0.00003263392,0.00025716427,0.000050725524,0.00023838428,0.00034778504,0.0001418275,0.0000011530335],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017636636,0.000031846164,0.2215717,0.0023941393,0.00011011683,0.0000032738096,0.45933262,0.3079541,0.006447345,0.0014831064,0.000039848812,0.0004555443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017145197,0.00027841906,0.044072025,0.0002961514,0.00015435439,0.00021553406,0.7013705,0.22241332,0.026674557,0.00003445426,0.0018944241,0.0008817827],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016436333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005938375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24203783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022105064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9901133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6902235115","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.29091657","title":"Additional file 1 of Geothermal favourability in data-scarce regions: incorporating physical and socio-economic factors into a modified Play fairway approach, southwestern Yukon, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat flow; Climate change; Hydrology (agriculture)","score_opus":0.03334466957861839,"score_gpt":0.25860188123834255,"score_spread":0.22525721165972415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6902235115","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84334755,0.0000071318373,0.000070700036,0.000117109455,0.000023271366,0.00034465536,0.1347922,0.0000033877361,0.021294024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9709511,1.7483829e-7,0.0011792225,0.000014466819,0.00003885675,0.0002588099,0.025892915,0.000012738721,0.0016517141],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988059,0.00008576849,0.00036425004,0.00046868282,0.00010011665,0.000175319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865025,0.0005313268,0.00020720309,0.0005211652,0.000026081378,0.00006397469],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011752871,0.0001587666,0.00031188928,0.000045098797,0.00011418011,0.000055938108,0.00054819504,0.00007277148,0.019885665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000718178,0.00014801197,0.00003094892,0.00010896609,0.00012452695,0.00021434588,0.00037494046,0.0001227875,0.000011324084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032838862,0.0022858775,0.024672557,0.0004896136,0.0010977775,0.000018807563,0.020001696,0.4401875,0.0018680178,0.043807086,0.35134944,0.11389324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026293949,0.00007069186,0.16172628,0.0006305961,0.000086434695,0.0000072173966,0.025497891,0.2774282,0.00052585953,0.00524037,0.52466524,0.0014918209],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.73180956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7681072,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17331581,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014218435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070938095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9810103},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6904640513","doi":"10.14288/1.0448095","title":"Evaluating cumulative temperature indicators for heat alert and response systems : a case study in Vancouver, British Columbia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Human body temperature; Work (physics); Emergency response; Heat wave; Air temperature","score_opus":0.013918792275261754,"score_gpt":0.2432416831455542,"score_spread":0.22932289087029245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6904640513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972429,0.00033584738,0.000039035178,0.000022062824,0.00019499479,0.0014766875,0.00021027071,0.0000663365,0.00041184356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920484,0.000013898867,0.00013870327,0.000026089841,0.000021901267,0.000045783883,0.000012217475,0.00002246447,0.0076705874],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982431,0.00034995878,0.00030726902,0.00059910543,0.00021190807,0.00028865362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989467,0.00027453905,0.00013454889,0.00032114927,0.00021589964,0.000107121356],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007858416,0.000070545386,0.0004548002,0.00010802847,0.0005934971,0.00036137667,0.00021120331,0.00018830357,0.000031378575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001027037,0.0002728748,0.00008833438,0.0007562425,0.00014998167,0.00021017893,0.00012511283,0.00016718422,8.638717e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048374312,0.0027699128,0.36870587,0.0011956571,0.0009496047,0.007439282,0.007666692,0.023250733,0.0020484617,0.000035469846,0.023186665,0.5622679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041727154,0.00025601167,0.94710904,0.0005787474,0.00008776455,0.00035340223,0.040167388,0.0055011557,2.98941e-7,0.00007230036,0.0014135285,0.00028766517],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9711222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9953939,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5784032,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017619257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018791374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997234},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6904869243","doi":"10.14288/1.0379199","title":"Application of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage in Waste Heat Recovery from Diesel Generators in Remote Cold Climate Locations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Collections","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Waste heat; Thermal energy storage; Heat recovery ventilation; Waste heat recovery unit; Energy recovery; Diesel fuel; Thermal energy; Electricity; Cold storage; Energy storage","score_opus":0.00889180781523191,"score_gpt":0.22029440820323162,"score_spread":0.2114026003879997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6904869243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7014808,0.00026013088,0.004467661,0.00035570722,0.00042215767,0.0015308833,0.00032073233,0.000080264035,0.29108167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9787616,0.00008459428,0.00081980455,0.00010889863,0.00008695251,0.0006037387,0.00014126708,0.00004729608,0.019345852],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983699,0.00014385149,0.00059227715,0.0004466873,0.00015368799,0.00029359426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889976,0.00011014919,0.00015439848,0.00068604155,0.00008236078,0.000067297195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021394489,0.00018405967,0.00035877628,0.00020073898,0.00035099898,0.00016615853,0.00041464352,0.00014751655,0.0003283649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011709527,0.0001962431,0.00007358405,0.0016882757,0.000037111146,0.00026265654,0.00015080799,0.00013860285,0.00003930186],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006401006,0.00033467764,0.0016549045,0.000015187377,0.00004970429,0.0000012728342,0.0001971106,0.9256553,0.053427923,0.014787547,0.0018146929,0.001997659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005477756,0.00028410475,0.018763583,0.00033899635,0.00007276772,0.000006374654,0.0023621093,0.56014717,0.055881813,0.004736615,0.35055843,0.0013702576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.58386034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.21052314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37333718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024653494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012888935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8038827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6912294349","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565997","title":"EFFECT OF CONFINING PRESSURE ON POROSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: AN EXAMPLE FROM CRYSTALLINE ROCKS OF KUUJJUAQ, CANADA","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Overburden pressure; Thermal conductivity; Porosity; Thermal; Work (physics); Atmospheric temperature range","score_opus":0.02086207943548156,"score_gpt":0.21516645149960192,"score_spread":0.19430437206412038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6912294349","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97517544,0.000037988517,0.00011229006,0.000031460935,0.000026535563,0.00022184392,0.00018907388,0.000072864,0.024132477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99868125,0.0000031905304,0.000014918445,0.000022375136,0.000040115,6.008962e-8,0.00047981273,0.00028109198,0.000477172],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988577,0.00030427924,0.00019273383,0.0002682876,0.00022699175,0.00015004657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914575,0.000068432026,0.00014550798,0.00038869327,0.00016461645,0.00008701254],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003187036,0.00010578976,0.0002119689,0.000044477365,0.00027176237,0.000053569653,0.00030163644,0.000048543843,0.0044372813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047041798,0.0000973074,0.000021934342,0.00011781088,0.00006131954,0.00009122918,0.00020118283,0.000111488545,0.000052028525],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00072191906,0.00028976105,0.00038683604,0.00036300052,0.0003167361,0.000005535421,0.0024444072,0.07938789,0.8088151,0.027953608,0.0021489696,0.07716621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021374198,0.0013250338,0.008075966,0.000092506016,0.000059000595,0.000012465823,0.0004965843,0.0075770966,0.08630431,0.000052594834,0.89356136,0.00030566868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.562922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027888813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8914124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023555065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006838272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6912529087","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3571340","title":"Book of abstracts - 1st Canadian Geothermal Students' Day","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Manitoba; Université du Québec à Montréal; Concordia University; Polytechnique Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.014668402428355199,"score_gpt":0.22405281551032424,"score_spread":0.20938441308196903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6912529087","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23877914,0.00015491425,0.0000685555,0.0005427295,0.00011109351,0.0004304411,0.00015897639,0.00030171216,0.75945246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830184,0.000021327254,0.000020536963,0.00038850732,0.00008162912,6.86814e-8,0.00043147523,0.00072228914,0.015315777],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869514,0.00012691651,0.00027418646,0.00026647863,0.00030897887,0.00032828934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998912,0.0000137411125,0.00011505751,0.00048603376,0.000248663,0.00022449892],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039743175,0.00011238664,0.00014077131,0.00017008401,0.0005693253,0.00021192909,0.00089548354,0.00006703894,0.05548831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059452166,0.000116830095,0.00004820947,0.00025721814,0.0000667175,0.00015508014,0.00025906303,0.00013512085,0.018902047],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011680669,0.00089701434,0.00042533016,0.00034176718,0.000517646,0.000042654745,0.005630072,0.06906502,0.053978946,0.224189,0.51983714,0.124958634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032577952,0.00005816151,0.01086217,0.000020484546,0.0000061749815,0.000014967007,0.00014025078,0.00016935336,0.0004993147,0.000029333105,0.98775184,0.00012219399],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032732505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031323,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7442393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010514306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000817367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9818618},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6912553391","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565995","title":"EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ON THE TEMPERATURE FIELD AT DEPTH: CASE STUDY OF KUUJJUAQ, CANADA","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Interpolation (computer graphics); Multiphysics; Temperature measurement; Work (physics); Thermal conductivity measurement; Thermal; Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.015278947578124417,"score_gpt":0.22743520927379993,"score_spread":0.2121562616956755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6912553391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723867,0.000018578912,7.426623e-7,0.00019027555,0.000082285726,0.0006649495,0.00005628064,0.000068482965,0.026531676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99794775,0.00000172496,0.000001066319,0.00007014725,0.000051566545,3.2599954e-7,0.00005878579,0.0003313735,0.001537267],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981873,0.0007154983,0.00023720317,0.00028646068,0.00037836845,0.0001951884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872017,0.00016780403,0.00014172097,0.0006702206,0.00023005327,0.00007002449],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005302647,0.0001466045,0.00020924714,0.00005539312,0.0007218775,0.00007602295,0.0005085891,0.00006700128,0.0045789788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001593882,0.00010066947,0.000045160567,0.00026961684,0.000043515633,0.00005595624,0.00036270396,0.00025383482,0.0002714901],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009183235,0.0012005606,0.00058759365,0.00040694608,0.0005739988,0.0003234685,0.0049503124,0.04869932,0.8756557,0.011928428,0.031656437,0.023098916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054513644,0.008136032,0.0044468967,0.00017120352,0.00013957414,0.0014604921,0.010640006,0.000879842,0.5425726,0.000016898222,0.42519763,0.00088742125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17450012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010603245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39354122,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010006233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008586736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996331},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6912740055","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565968","title":"An Approach to Obtain g-Functions using Artificial Neural Networks","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Artificial neural network; Pattern recognition (psychology); Extraction (chemistry); Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.041619875161898044,"score_gpt":0.24446393181698542,"score_spread":0.20284405665508737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6912740055","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5293151,0.000024707371,0.18826397,0.00030264352,0.00030612753,0.00089005166,0.000082675324,0.0014647117,0.27935004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99623656,9.092161e-7,0.0006272325,0.00015800387,0.0002956337,1.5659442e-7,0.000808196,0.0008807144,0.0009925899],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985105,0.00023882347,0.00023685143,0.00043040287,0.00022002478,0.00036343225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885917,0.000009402047,0.00006822567,0.0005867794,0.000252442,0.00022398493],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033733738,0.00013452044,0.00013511654,0.00015375104,0.0013829174,0.0005310323,0.00060845405,0.000072651565,0.004454389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043355252,0.00014076468,0.000049407383,0.0006483153,0.000044820685,0.00020653264,0.00027903155,0.00018062298,0.004283838],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002821773,0.00014663603,0.0000069005823,0.000010778588,0.000019741537,7.900795e-7,0.0002778662,0.87720114,0.010337896,0.08692146,0.0023619626,0.02268659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014853431,0.00009405451,0.00032535428,0.0000060175344,0.000008764884,0.000037836555,0.00047767733,0.5273124,0.000065006214,0.00009641854,0.47125196,0.00017594281],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045913388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000020292864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46889,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009182479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000023759942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6920720525","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.22114244.v1","title":"Feasibility Analysis on Geothermal Heat Storage Capacity and Recovery of Alberta’s.pdf","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Fossil fuel; Greenhouse gas; Geothermal heating; Thermal energy storage; Sustainability; Sustainable development","score_opus":0.03992993711243409,"score_gpt":0.25019543083139373,"score_spread":0.21026549371895964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6920720525","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93512106,0.000029417442,0.000002708854,0.00015153488,0.000029253863,0.00018939182,0.031639244,0.00009871078,0.032738667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807222,0.0000016778025,0.000010018902,0.00007331473,0.000051671333,0.00012170875,0.012671847,0.000017155306,0.006330438],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991467,0.000057265224,0.00018582969,0.00028530153,0.00014292468,0.00018197592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991889,0.00018666577,0.000069841,0.00042529637,0.000051087885,0.00007821536],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000066555425,0.00012487125,0.00024912556,0.0001333346,0.00007461697,0.000018944113,0.0001199339,0.00009151497,0.07853393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016243695,0.00011383261,0.00014742957,0.00069597387,0.000011457454,0.000061506085,0.00004766092,0.00007465471,0.0023295989],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011390069,0.00035229156,0.006711102,0.00069408765,0.0014055495,0.000015520693,0.0010731665,0.87776184,0.005348421,0.0057519795,0.09711178,0.003660333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008848037,0.0001574652,0.6591907,0.0005584102,0.00021466137,0.0000051350526,0.00018445673,0.0378742,0.005205511,0.00054092257,0.29444733,0.0007363672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010158745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0050986833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8398877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031169915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015842468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984472},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6921011419","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.29091657.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Geothermal favourability in data-scarce regions: incorporating physical and socio-economic factors into a modified Play fairway approach, southwestern Yukon, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Heat flow; Climate change; Hydrology (agriculture)","score_opus":0.03177961796156685,"score_gpt":0.2322413946275201,"score_spread":0.20046177666595327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6921011419","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.031877555,0.0000120908735,0.0000056371837,0.000043301272,0.000009852824,0.00016544777,0.96361613,0.000026919995,0.0042430917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.54096663,4.8620684e-8,0.00006431319,0.000018167166,0.00003863532,0.0004885052,0.45811448,0.000010382593,0.00029885018],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988955,0.0000650257,0.0003201441,0.00041443077,0.00011494067,0.00018991866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984426,0.0007618879,0.00020392361,0.0004858831,0.000039873215,0.00006586803],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000033014792,0.00017269085,0.00027364158,0.00005247849,0.00010372806,0.000026202046,0.00034509375,0.0000889191,0.20031168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030337003,0.00016495024,0.00004347447,0.00011956427,0.00003352345,0.00014678256,0.00022541943,0.0001459677,0.000026306136],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011075705,0.00011615316,0.00039109623,0.0002872742,0.00007052582,0.0000017329471,0.00070025603,0.033098064,0.000033601846,0.003166213,0.9612125,0.00091148005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012475854,0.00003858062,0.16084793,0.0027488617,0.000031991243,0.000004913074,0.006125737,0.24339755,0.00014951875,0.003735989,0.5804899,0.0011814805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3843876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.47874367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50908905,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015274623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005836199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80041933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6921201791","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5537447","title":"Advance care planning conversations in primary care: a quality improvement project using the Serious Illness Care Program","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Advance care planning; Thematic analysis; Health care; Quality management; Primary care; Program evaluation; Perception; Qualitative research","score_opus":0.038865235215188955,"score_gpt":0.32376640028922643,"score_spread":0.28490116507403745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6921201791","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0013396607,0.05881369,0.000011046187,0.000051774667,0.00056138716,0.008358547,0.23391104,0.0010770414,0.6958758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.10462331,0.000041101597,0.0013509089,0.00046000717,0.0013897142,0.02438852,0.81531537,0.0013236315,0.051107414],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812984,0.00012973265,0.00040014606,0.00062139874,0.00031849573,0.0004004041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984554,0.000043063686,0.0003991256,0.0008264606,0.0002208344,0.000055130065],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000027430624,0.0004050556,0.00044308967,0.00012039678,0.00021191679,0.000107880274,0.0004046253,0.00033997896,0.0092901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044902907,0.00034308204,0.00015825902,0.00043712728,0.00001933922,0.000046055266,0.00019432197,0.00033088852,0.000038010763],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008276788,0.0006176859,0.00083333504,0.07948103,0.0010664666,0.0003729636,0.16453168,0.1283878,0.000933548,0.0021648647,0.1868332,0.43469465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038487266,0.000023746103,0.000262104,0.0055497205,0.000021465232,0.0000036445047,0.028832704,0.00007377015,0.00009198365,0.0000015639531,0.9642653,0.00048915116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02064196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01342799,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7774321,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005913775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057877775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999021},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6926485474","doi":"10.25384/sage.23596965.v1","title":"sj-docx-1-cpa-10.1177_07067437231178958 - Supplemental material for Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CaCBT) to Improve Community Mental Health Services for Canadians of South Asian Origin: A Qualitative Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mental health; Cognitive behaviour therapy; Qualitative research; South asia; Culturally appropriate; Cognition; Community health; Mental health care; Culturally sensitive","score_opus":0.05714186851205964,"score_gpt":0.35401702952739805,"score_spread":0.2968751610153384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6926485474","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29319176,0.0000073442006,0.0000021015956,0.00039272738,0.00008387809,0.0036201524,0.70239085,0.000100209196,0.00021100903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6724464,2.9262102e-7,0.000070264825,0.00020096022,0.000100859696,0.0042488347,0.32174626,0.000050863575,0.0011352389],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811107,0.00024373525,0.0005269164,0.00036529655,0.00022356058,0.0005294349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862444,0.00013607144,0.0003308047,0.0003109682,0.000358421,0.00023930572],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024358426,0.0003035494,0.00044179973,0.00012355966,0.0006103268,0.00007562774,0.000407193,0.000084762796,0.022061832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029716843,0.00027935556,0.00014609059,0.00033511154,0.000013098262,0.000118747106,0.00009886418,0.000105648745,0.00014128945],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013805389,0.0012650895,0.00008214444,0.0009498957,0.0008972068,0.0000037600182,0.7776587,0.00018391249,0.0033038154,0.00084471534,0.20945185,0.003978365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0056514307,0.0031648488,0.003686393,0.00061858643,0.000037982576,0.0000018411706,0.8398731,0.00021470692,0.0031044146,0.00006550421,0.14299214,0.000589082],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1022788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.17138049,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3806446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015896895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022069878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6931332109","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565988","title":"SENSITIVITIES OF THERMAL ANOMALIES FROM HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FORMATIONS IN THE WILLISTON BASIN","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Structural basin; Halite; Devonian; Dolomite; Boundary (topology)","score_opus":0.021700678099380075,"score_gpt":0.21204568265775436,"score_spread":0.19034500455837428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6931332109","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88925624,0.000022844684,0.00012868112,0.00052257575,0.00004854884,0.0002571907,0.00020241374,0.00012373223,0.10943777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99831,0.0000056558097,0.00006562513,0.000115022594,0.000079965124,1.95704e-7,0.0006756535,0.00028763746,0.0004601937],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855536,0.0004934636,0.00025821364,0.00021828643,0.00025730135,0.00021737095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908525,0.000080343845,0.0001321234,0.0004937616,0.00017154546,0.000036991383],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004800804,0.00011700055,0.00016772392,0.000107877655,0.00053033634,0.00017617749,0.00053324417,0.000057949408,0.005259031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006540101,0.00009472259,0.000051527826,0.0003178962,0.00014248585,0.00030097002,0.00022417287,0.00016330997,0.0014332538],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021088308,0.0008070318,0.0006189352,0.00016030796,0.0002066975,0.000013491393,0.02937584,0.060360093,0.36765298,0.47085178,0.0064647133,0.063277245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011880469,0.00018956127,0.12581985,0.00006995438,0.000025437883,0.000036567144,0.0071341787,0.002667081,0.009611195,0.0008144113,0.85206825,0.0003754889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004263645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021801812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8456035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046563506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000037201198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993442},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6943827219","doi":"10.17605/osf.io/m9cq3","title":"PFTC7 - PFTC Courses Thermal Imagery Data from an elevational gradient in the Drakensberg Mountains in South Africa","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Vegetation (pathology); Thermal infrared; Satellite imagery; Altitude (triangle)","score_opus":0.031668781849814365,"score_gpt":0.27486333335571017,"score_spread":0.2431945515058958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6943827219","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76451606,0.000019903264,0.0003953818,0.0007923326,0.0002169382,0.00050890166,0.00022962732,0.00014797456,0.23317291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9816806,0.000014556246,0.00027515698,0.00019344958,0.00024132399,0.00045866123,0.00047833277,0.000053885524,0.01660407],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957333,0.00069288723,0.0006733388,0.0019368704,0.00048514464,0.0004784209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946234,0.0005985557,0.00012965333,0.0044772425,0.00005484211,0.000116299],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031714635,0.00030728022,0.00030497336,0.0002029333,0.00014243252,0.00030157212,0.0021348044,0.00017360297,0.066748306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035791693,0.0002619029,0.00010075179,0.000509758,0.00014515272,0.000539425,0.0008177364,0.0005238231,0.15170412],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003014856,0.0033853548,0.09405905,0.00019884562,0.00065007416,0.00047852326,0.0884321,0.36419564,0.030168407,0.37247992,0.015768105,0.029882483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010027648,0.0000029452797,0.3401213,0.00026429197,0.00010174556,0.000030867133,0.0049028182,0.119615175,0.0009040377,0.020794114,0.51129806,0.0009618587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013031317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0048748245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49552998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017313109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019104012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999833},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6949217224","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1283815","title":"A Prospective Study On The Geothermal Potential In The Eu","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Renewable energy; Electricity generation; Geothermal power; Electricity; Geothermal energy; Resource (disambiguation)","score_opus":0.0245028501408479,"score_gpt":0.2277895924949969,"score_spread":0.20328674235414898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6949217224","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6792063,0.00001053512,0.000105344945,0.0049291262,0.00004038296,0.0015076366,0.0000146973325,0.00025897255,0.313927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99790317,0.0000018861076,0.000005617951,0.0004127337,0.00013032784,0.0000019282002,0.00003830928,0.0004240547,0.0010819472],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984227,0.00056395686,0.00018448492,0.00026358166,0.00031135036,0.0002539199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991601,0.000033071396,0.00006331826,0.00052518566,0.00017345218,0.000044886096],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054307457,0.00011060357,0.00008711818,0.000076565775,0.001378332,0.0005712906,0.00097333285,0.000032256772,0.010404171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000104158025,0.00006706722,0.000037332695,0.00043095503,0.000087096436,0.00010644964,0.00026161532,0.00023585239,0.012625393],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012578929,0.0030904713,0.00015409052,0.00002452332,0.00021179618,0.00003755898,0.028898483,0.017433114,0.010368864,0.76765597,0.11158387,0.060415484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075728504,0.0003806398,0.09321713,0.000013740286,0.000010829428,0.000036617243,0.010177909,0.0015638657,0.00010019304,0.0009936776,0.892561,0.00018711126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017563907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009642806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78097713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052926956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000016320631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6950012466","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3541204","title":"NPA_ref3778","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Set (abstract data type); Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.021229624952787723,"score_gpt":0.22173524418855156,"score_spread":0.20050561923576385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6950012466","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11436176,0.00003964357,0.0007006133,0.0004477789,0.00010536893,0.00026398356,0.000037390746,0.0008857789,0.8831577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847425,0.000013071168,0.00014321988,0.0001528326,0.00013577793,5.1301196e-8,0.00050873414,0.0010171423,0.013286661],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892956,0.00011861695,0.0001770618,0.000294837,0.00021480616,0.00026512303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910873,0.000009351135,0.00006572061,0.0004891058,0.0002140267,0.00011304005],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024380833,0.00010063183,0.000109888206,0.00009947452,0.00081098627,0.00029321114,0.0006230671,0.000054823868,0.04310971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005907773,0.0000988582,0.000048811977,0.00033038552,0.000047305264,0.00012796868,0.0003733646,0.00013125272,0.07571487],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003666301,0.00016970708,0.000014128216,0.00006834321,0.00006973825,0.000005326121,0.00069933047,0.004822947,0.036142528,0.7294321,0.06739365,0.16114552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002878957,0.000057709938,0.000600072,0.000011608041,0.0000039656406,0.000037233858,0.00013676117,0.0011062295,0.00051750045,0.0002838565,0.9968343,0.00012286232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020162217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.6141637e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9294407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000061681974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000015265852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95776504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6950164259","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565996","title":"EFFECT OF CONFINING PRESSURE ON POROSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: AN EXAMPLE FROM CRYSTALLINE ROCKS OF KUUJJUAQ, CANADA","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Overburden pressure; Thermal conductivity; Porosity; Thermal; Work (physics); Atmospheric temperature range","score_opus":0.02086207943548156,"score_gpt":0.21516645149960192,"score_spread":0.19430437206412038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6950164259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97517544,0.000037988517,0.00011229006,0.000031460935,0.000026535563,0.00022184392,0.00018907388,0.000072864,0.024132477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99868125,0.0000031905304,0.000014918445,0.000022375136,0.000040115,6.008962e-8,0.00047981273,0.00028109198,0.000477172],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988577,0.00030427924,0.00019273383,0.0002682876,0.00022699175,0.00015004657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914575,0.000068432026,0.00014550798,0.00038869327,0.00016461645,0.00008701254],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003187036,0.00010578976,0.0002119689,0.000044477365,0.00027176237,0.000053569653,0.00030163644,0.000048543843,0.0044372813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000047041798,0.0000973074,0.000021934342,0.00011781088,0.00006131954,0.00009122918,0.00020118283,0.000111488545,0.000052028525],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00072191906,0.00028976105,0.00038683604,0.00036300052,0.0003167361,0.000005535421,0.0024444072,0.07938789,0.8088151,0.027953608,0.0021489696,0.07716621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021374198,0.0013250338,0.008075966,0.000092506016,0.000059000595,0.000012465823,0.0004965843,0.0075770966,0.08630431,0.000052594834,0.89356136,0.00030566868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.562922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027888813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8914124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023555065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006838272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6950334361","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.7207275","title":"Parametric study of a solid fluid air conditioning system","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal inertia; Heat exchanger; Parametric statistics; Thermal conductivity; Tube (container); Factorial experiment; Air conditioning; Inertia","score_opus":0.027980555433764712,"score_gpt":0.24255516686361614,"score_spread":0.21457461142985143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6950334361","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85990334,0.000053894237,0.0008267289,0.00012770349,0.00013260658,0.00079306285,0.00033214042,0.0010564422,0.1367741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979564,0.0000016848386,0.00002702174,0.000028927043,0.00006040581,8.4413125e-7,0.00046285236,0.00063436927,0.0008274736],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998178,0.000502739,0.0003492282,0.00030752041,0.00043011198,0.0002324091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998948,0.000025840944,0.00018285263,0.00047245782,0.00028230305,0.00008859722],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005308987,0.00010539751,0.00017809034,0.0003098699,0.0026710758,0.000088891524,0.00071243953,0.000025089159,0.0056340825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009542759,0.000116844894,0.000047995094,0.0011453257,0.000047985617,0.000085591644,0.00080759573,0.00017103142,0.001111111],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014176156,0.0028608372,0.00003836913,0.00027365668,0.00043210958,0.000052656786,0.00795398,0.6347252,0.021132203,0.2542175,0.043628555,0.034543145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009541467,0.00059135037,0.0012997418,0.000015843554,0.00002742546,0.00013326398,0.014473177,0.0057953843,0.0004080697,0.000056387285,0.9760576,0.00018760306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00080495776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000016133077,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9324291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001750168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000033199244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99966663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6957879250","doi":"10.60692/1kp1a-ahc78","title":"Holistic and Affordable Approach to Supporting the Sustainability of Family Houses in Cold Climates by Using Many Vacuum-Tube Solar Collectors and Small Water Tank to Provide the Sanitary Hot Water, Space Heating, Greenhouse, and Swimming Poole Heating De","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Greater South Information System","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Sustainability; Solar water heating; Thermal energy storage; Passive solar building design; Installation; Storage tank; Cold climate","score_opus":0.027219071916552384,"score_gpt":0.22045122028993078,"score_spread":0.1932321483733784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6957879250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945269,0.000029031866,0.0037200085,0.00012226655,0.000029433892,0.0012412475,0.00006323175,0.000063444604,0.00020443849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987639,2.5250066e-7,0.0003883042,0.00018458575,0.000020614742,0.0005295063,0.000013828544,0.000028537472,0.00007046744],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980533,0.0002612581,0.0007373069,0.00024195749,0.00021104027,0.0004951307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926066,0.00004600094,0.00019227706,0.00029778364,0.00010441492,0.00009888562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016562409,0.0002202863,0.00031562982,0.0001604205,0.0008754837,0.00022994087,0.00017679128,0.000057101377,0.0000023526582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031810046,0.00013063174,0.00003263392,0.00025716427,0.000050725524,0.00023838428,0.00034778504,0.0001418275,0.0000011530335],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017636636,0.000031846164,0.2215717,0.0023941393,0.00011011683,0.0000032738096,0.45933262,0.3079541,0.006447345,0.0014831064,0.000039848812,0.0004555443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017145197,0.00027841906,0.044072025,0.0002961514,0.00015435439,0.00021553406,0.7013705,0.22241332,0.026674557,0.00003445426,0.0018944241,0.0008817827],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016436333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005938375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24203783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022105064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9901133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6958522615","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.13065784","title":"Additional file 1 of A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Data collection; MEDLINE; Measure (data warehouse); Key (lock)","score_opus":0.11505975379596897,"score_gpt":0.32634241008913184,"score_spread":0.21128265629316287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6958522615","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000035184912,0.0005160255,2.1247436e-7,0.0002760317,0.000006699851,0.00014354938,0.97767884,0.00001400658,0.0213611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0015933991,0.00002919599,0.00026639795,0.0028894509,0.00029442395,0.0012877333,0.99276346,0.000017718148,0.0008582299],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99932194,0.00004615337,0.00033719002,0.000108573775,0.00012480987,0.000061360515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989486,0.0004829745,0.00023441059,0.0001989935,0.000092175804,0.00004289449],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000017884384,0.00005160038,0.00017503319,0.000004157989,0.000026774347,0.000002352949,0.00019997271,0.000042101907,0.9950436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021299694,0.000036807545,0.00015770218,0.00015104437,0.000011129016,0.000021129452,0.00007574134,0.00006639024,0.0011796171],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.0558e-7,0.000010706887,7.573077e-7,0.002486702,0.0000053868707,7.590463e-8,0.000004727054,0.00003644746,0.000004048363,0.000044339846,0.9966186,0.00078769465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000034769557,0.000007959987,0.0006024237,0.13366523,0.0000027519409,5.0641336e-7,0.0000030510012,0.00009028869,0.0000851048,0.000008829929,0.8654631,0.000036017987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002104016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002904797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99386394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000027502706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009826361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995981},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6968022627","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1283814","title":"A Prospective Study On The Geothermal Potential In The Eu","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Renewable energy; Electricity generation; Geothermal power; Electricity; Geothermal energy; Resource (disambiguation)","score_opus":0.0245028501408479,"score_gpt":0.2277895924949969,"score_spread":0.20328674235414898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6968022627","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6792063,0.00001053512,0.000105344945,0.0049291262,0.00004038296,0.0015076366,0.0000146973325,0.00025897255,0.313927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99790317,0.0000018861076,0.000005617951,0.0004127337,0.00013032784,0.0000019282002,0.00003830928,0.0004240547,0.0010819472],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984227,0.00056395686,0.00018448492,0.00026358166,0.00031135036,0.0002539199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991601,0.000033071396,0.00006331826,0.00052518566,0.00017345218,0.000044886096],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054307457,0.00011060357,0.00008711818,0.000076565775,0.001378332,0.0005712906,0.00097333285,0.000032256772,0.010404171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000104158025,0.00006706722,0.000037332695,0.00043095503,0.000087096436,0.00010644964,0.00026161532,0.00023585239,0.012625393],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012578929,0.0030904713,0.00015409052,0.00002452332,0.00021179618,0.00003755898,0.028898483,0.017433114,0.010368864,0.76765597,0.11158387,0.060415484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075728504,0.0003806398,0.09321713,0.000013740286,0.000010829428,0.000036617243,0.010177909,0.0015638657,0.00010019304,0.0009936776,0.892561,0.00018711126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017563907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009642806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78097713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052926956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000016320631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6968180658","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15071222","title":"Modelling the Full Scale Heater Experiment: Results of the international Benchmark Project DECOVALEX","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nuclear Waste Management Organization","funders":"","keywords":"Full scale; Benchmark (surveying); Scale (ratio); Work (physics); Instrumentation (computer programming)","score_opus":0.03796684415452433,"score_gpt":0.25366200096587666,"score_spread":0.21569515681135232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6968180658","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.197992,0.00042619632,0.005479386,0.005791365,0.0006378815,0.00082973146,0.0004121599,0.0007464292,0.78768486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950993,0.000031699212,0.0001230528,0.000048768383,0.0001876787,3.2190064e-7,0.00024501077,0.0003744349,0.0038897227],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883693,0.00014786063,0.00026512664,0.00026564504,0.00031239833,0.0001720558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923575,0.000025466386,0.00006333111,0.0004461509,0.00019504562,0.000034239638],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004482115,0.00009313035,0.0000754622,0.000080954596,0.0008036554,0.00040875535,0.00097505003,0.00003771958,0.0021138852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046822624,0.000059097245,0.000074619944,0.0003554226,0.00009913225,0.00010801058,0.0005408016,0.00014484928,0.0008036659],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002650615,0.00028392358,0.0000028604143,0.00014563122,0.000314033,0.0000063039533,0.013335588,0.43908995,0.078858964,0.21818088,0.20673588,0.042780902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016053548,0.000027926677,0.000019159954,0.000048662932,0.000008281005,0.000029863197,0.00030415365,0.06833572,0.0037356736,0.00023839845,0.92702323,0.00006839571],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008584588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000037626044,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79710734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006906256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000055893247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6968265823","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565990","title":"Impact of the Operation of a Standing Column Well on Clogging and Scaling","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Clogging; Groundwater; Work (physics); Geothermal gradient; Scaling; Water column; Geothermal heating; Column (typography)","score_opus":0.020189198809411304,"score_gpt":0.24247600844727746,"score_spread":0.22228680963786615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6968265823","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9183725,0.000015775391,0.00026959175,0.00006915363,0.000026391535,0.0002097009,0.000031886655,0.00005850984,0.08094645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99915564,0.000008966167,0.000026485672,0.000013801317,0.000024432498,2.6126079e-8,0.000044433844,0.0002254957,0.0005007117],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992726,0.00012521386,0.00017415009,0.00014880727,0.00016201552,0.00011721714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994249,0.000018252738,0.00010891796,0.0002648005,0.00014537461,0.000037781676],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027191252,0.00006271575,0.00009983789,0.00006737288,0.0004244491,0.000089866284,0.00025620492,0.000030935345,0.0027083762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006037133,0.000048435115,0.00004300015,0.0002133745,0.000056660687,0.00006990044,0.00020792062,0.00007872174,0.00031759305],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019434086,0.00030590364,0.0015067832,0.0002445432,0.00019328659,9.2686537e-7,0.0034908624,0.29785523,0.3847155,0.26038495,0.0053315437,0.045776136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002901254,0.0012221953,0.105834745,0.00053345424,0.000051230076,0.0000716548,0.0017542371,0.0653644,0.023426123,0.00065253535,0.7976348,0.0005533877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045213502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000014096242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79230326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055810142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000027915307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982033},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6968848412","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565987","title":"SENSITIVITIES OF THERMAL ANOMALIES FROM HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FORMATIONS IN THE WILLISTON BASIN","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Thermal; Structural basin; Halite; Devonian; Dolomite; Boundary (topology)","score_opus":0.021700678099380075,"score_gpt":0.21204568265775436,"score_spread":0.19034500455837428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6968848412","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88925624,0.000022844684,0.00012868112,0.00052257575,0.00004854884,0.0002571907,0.00020241374,0.00012373223,0.10943777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99831,0.0000056558097,0.00006562513,0.000115022594,0.000079965124,1.95704e-7,0.0006756535,0.00028763746,0.0004601937],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855536,0.0004934636,0.00025821364,0.00021828643,0.00025730135,0.00021737095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99908525,0.000080343845,0.0001321234,0.0004937616,0.00017154546,0.000036991383],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004800804,0.00011700055,0.00016772392,0.000107877655,0.00053033634,0.00017617749,0.00053324417,0.000057949408,0.005259031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006540101,0.00009472259,0.000051527826,0.0003178962,0.00014248585,0.00030097002,0.00022417287,0.00016330997,0.0014332538],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021088308,0.0008070318,0.0006189352,0.00016030796,0.0002066975,0.000013491393,0.02937584,0.060360093,0.36765298,0.47085178,0.0064647133,0.063277245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011880469,0.00018956127,0.12581985,0.00006995438,0.000025437883,0.000036567144,0.0071341787,0.002667081,0.009611195,0.0008144113,0.85206825,0.0003754889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004263645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021801812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8456035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046563506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000037201198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993442},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6969193201","doi":"10.5284/1099369","title":"Walton Hall: Heritage Assessment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archaeology Data Service","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Heritage College","funders":"","keywords":"Industrial heritage; Cultural heritage; Work (physics); World heritage","score_opus":0.026760246306411165,"score_gpt":0.2831300384929175,"score_spread":0.25636979218650635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6969193201","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8657221,0.00014525598,0.001268472,0.014764436,0.0006120584,0.00045999206,0.000277383,0.00030987788,0.11644041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98788786,0.000027543054,0.0037868526,0.003505965,0.000119957884,0.000054034892,0.0020082656,0.000034045446,0.002575461],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99869496,0.00009672373,0.00023793579,0.0005129961,0.00013605885,0.00032130696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975926,0.00008838181,0.00008537721,0.0020942267,0.00005688554,0.0000824769],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022299084,0.00014643304,0.00020980864,0.00004353556,0.000059686052,0.00001021032,0.0012174423,0.00010828917,0.0017456674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000059117983,0.00013570934,0.000023841865,0.00019611974,0.00005358692,0.00020512161,0.0011204508,0.00016062924,0.0024598523],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020983687,0.00015623761,0.022847788,0.00014419631,0.00015333999,0.00001828029,0.0008756394,0.010691908,0.009051038,0.94897103,0.0009473187,0.006122231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00049734965,0.00003651171,0.0304679,0.000016544787,0.000016732429,0.00003220718,0.00030432275,0.034367155,0.00009256572,0.0034604408,0.9304839,0.00022436904],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.055766273,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03874146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9455106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020664043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050427916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99916685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6969248279","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3565994","title":"EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ON THE TEMPERATURE FIELD AT DEPTH: CASE STUDY OF KUUJJUAQ, CANADA","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Interpolation (computer graphics); Multiphysics; Temperature measurement; Work (physics); Thermal conductivity measurement; Thermal; Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.015278947578124417,"score_gpt":0.22743520927379993,"score_spread":0.2121562616956755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6969248279","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723867,0.000018578912,7.426623e-7,0.00019027555,0.000082285726,0.0006649495,0.00005628064,0.000068482965,0.026531676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99794775,0.00000172496,0.000001066319,0.00007014725,0.000051566545,3.2599954e-7,0.00005878579,0.0003313735,0.001537267],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981873,0.0007154983,0.00023720317,0.00028646068,0.00037836845,0.0001951884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872017,0.00016780403,0.00014172097,0.0006702206,0.00023005327,0.00007002449],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005302647,0.0001466045,0.00020924714,0.00005539312,0.0007218775,0.00007602295,0.0005085891,0.00006700128,0.0045789788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001593882,0.00010066947,0.000045160567,0.00026961684,0.000043515633,0.00005595624,0.00036270396,0.00025383482,0.0002714901],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009183235,0.0012005606,0.00058759365,0.00040694608,0.0005739988,0.0003234685,0.0049503124,0.04869932,0.8756557,0.011928428,0.031656437,0.023098916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054513644,0.008136032,0.0044468967,0.00017120352,0.00013957414,0.0014604921,0.010640006,0.000879842,0.5425726,0.000016898222,0.42519763,0.00088742125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17450012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010603245,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39354122,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010006233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008586736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996331},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6976008241","doi":"10.6068/dp14ba7bce0028","title":"Trend 1976 - 2011. Statistics Canada. CANSIM: Income, Pensions, Spending and Wealth - Household, Family and Personal Income | Country: Canada | Table: Distribution of earnings, by sex, 2011 constant dollars | Variable: $10,000 to $14,999, Both sexes | Units: , 1976-2011. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 075-001-119.","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Data Planet","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Personal income; Economic statistics; Census; Distribution (mathematics); Total personal income; Socioeconomic status; Population; Official statistics; Household income; Transfer payment","score_opus":0.020988046772646214,"score_gpt":0.22987696054338805,"score_spread":0.20888891377074184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6976008241","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000024087249,0.00295552,0.000028307135,0.0000048530055,0.00034955575,0.0005340226,0.99381804,0.00007392144,0.0022117062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00055131374,0.0013020793,0.0001458807,0.00016074952,0.00015210762,0.000028353572,0.9890704,0.00022277338,0.0083663035],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99526787,0.00040323142,0.0011170191,0.0012851317,0.0010665539,0.000860209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956187,0.00059143995,0.000972457,0.0018182886,0.00007092364,0.00092818105],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007215586,0.0008098191,0.0012867968,0.00012111703,0.00030966286,0.00017160481,0.0011238622,0.0004779574,0.0037380722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000046771045,0.0007796903,3.6988303e-7,0.00021057668,0.00031396528,0.00020109046,0.0007022533,0.00062625116,0.000028770208],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006630103,0.00004868528,0.00020255166,0.00044356508,0.00024837762,0.00011622537,0.0000039547117,0.0001274115,0.000018685569,0.0022296393,0.9963996,0.00009503062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007860038,0.00008962763,0.000062973275,0.00008605687,0.0002777065,0.000152185,0.00029539462,0.0015817223,7.31788e-8,3.9148063e-7,0.9958453,0.0008225698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9998854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99724907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0061545977,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028093354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005811732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6976897449","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.11742084.v1","title":"Additional file 2 of Geothermal resource assessment of remote sedimentary basins with sparse data: lessons learned from Anticosti Island, Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Resource (disambiguation); Sedimentary basin; Sedimentary rock; Hydrology (agriculture)","score_opus":0.07317823472527342,"score_gpt":0.2592834418920514,"score_spread":0.18610520716677798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6976897449","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002369513,0.000014435876,0.000008951026,0.0009442252,0.0000066434827,0.00009453462,0.9893105,0.000021315265,0.009362442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.030191727,4.156493e-7,0.0016898336,0.00059318147,0.00016999821,0.00005753028,0.9667758,0.000030216243,0.0004913519],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988985,0.00004134984,0.0002508892,0.00032303523,0.00032673037,0.0001594961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867177,0.0003900509,0.00025240466,0.0005038547,0.00007213944,0.00010978832],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000132475725,0.0001388863,0.00023389573,0.00001733839,0.000057209458,0.000011063037,0.0003866061,0.00005110166,0.9595652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014777797,0.0001238544,0.000033244538,0.00015265598,0.000013483799,0.000075324606,0.00014553171,0.000119620134,0.0000840764],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013534684,0.000026882091,0.000004313665,0.00003999675,0.0000755464,0.0000104987175,0.00002261155,0.006462612,0.00007938666,0.000033799803,0.9916947,0.001536148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002624012,0.000031538264,0.0031469178,0.0007362701,0.000015108258,0.0000019084043,0.000103209444,0.019176325,0.00016860044,0.0000057685643,0.9762194,0.00013253905],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33679914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.36428127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9594812,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003205913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005347644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66761714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6976969513","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.20381685.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Intention to seek emergency medical services during community overdose events in British Columbia, Canada: a cross-sectional survey","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; BC Centre for Disease Control; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Emergency medical services; Drug overdose; MEDLINE; Medical prescription; Opioid overdose; Public health","score_opus":0.022882551445412853,"score_gpt":0.24034230523976471,"score_spread":0.21745975379435187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6976969513","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35315284,0.0000045911975,2.9640944e-8,0.0000034790871,0.000037368758,0.00006981064,0.64629096,0.000012459831,0.00042847468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.47938812,1.0193645e-7,0.0000023218602,0.0000396994,0.000020469923,0.0014728619,0.5166638,0.000009269927,0.0024033792],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985265,0.00025049044,0.00035991837,0.00016465699,0.00052787503,0.00017056242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991573,0.00026619964,0.00013391662,0.0001766144,0.0001616443,0.00010434072],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000106771746,0.00006464258,0.00012454337,0.000032868138,0.00039801336,0.000019381534,0.00034788743,0.000051213978,0.9954037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00070847344,0.00011540257,0.00004834245,0.00035758404,0.000003898925,0.0000643803,0.00031953692,0.00026030993,0.000095538184],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000058078026,0.00014729025,0.069095045,0.000105564475,0.00001815763,0.0000069244625,0.000026623413,0.0027998963,0.0000043357068,0.000002180117,0.92771435,0.00007382803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012588543,0.000010387102,0.8204349,0.00026039296,3.486814e-7,0.000017013406,0.00007401474,0.00023641305,7.437269e-7,0.000016855874,0.17873588,0.000087144734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9905399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9994553,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9953082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021681534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032032505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.470598},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6977411158","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.11742084","title":"Additional file 2 of Geothermal resource assessment of remote sedimentary basins with sparse data: lessons learned from Anticosti Island, Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Resource (disambiguation); Sedimentary basin; Sedimentary rock; Hydrology (agriculture)","score_opus":0.07317823472527342,"score_gpt":0.2592834418920514,"score_spread":0.18610520716677798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6977411158","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002369513,0.000014435876,0.000008951026,0.0009442252,0.0000066434827,0.00009453462,0.9893105,0.000021315265,0.009362442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.030191727,4.156493e-7,0.0016898336,0.00059318147,0.00016999821,0.00005753028,0.9667758,0.000030216243,0.0004913519],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988985,0.00004134984,0.0002508892,0.00032303523,0.00032673037,0.0001594961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867177,0.0003900509,0.00025240466,0.0005038547,0.00007213944,0.00010978832],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000132475725,0.0001388863,0.00023389573,0.00001733839,0.000057209458,0.000011063037,0.0003866061,0.00005110166,0.9595652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014777797,0.0001238544,0.000033244538,0.00015265598,0.000013483799,0.000075324606,0.00014553171,0.000119620134,0.0000840764],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013534684,0.000026882091,0.000004313665,0.00003999675,0.0000755464,0.0000104987175,0.00002261155,0.006462612,0.00007938666,0.000033799803,0.9916947,0.001536148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002624012,0.000031538264,0.0031469178,0.0007362701,0.000015108258,0.0000019084043,0.000103209444,0.019176325,0.00016860044,0.0000057685643,0.9762194,0.00013253905],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33679914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.36428127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9594812,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003205913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005347644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66761714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6979900264","doi":"","title":"Análisis de fluctuaciones térmicas no estacionales en la zona de cruce en el interior de la cueva de Altamira","year":2023,"lang":"es","type":"dissertation","venue":"UCrea (University of Cantabria)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Chronology; Nova scotia; Hay","score_opus":0.0064025318269505796,"score_gpt":0.2507730061044371,"score_spread":0.2443704742774865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6979900264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98584753,0.00018076107,0.0013143831,0.00034727075,0.00015911328,0.00021557293,0.0003892972,0.00017795507,0.011368091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764348,0.0015921871,0.0020863311,0.00004898096,0.00027981284,0.000013044783,0.00073090266,0.00011800382,0.018695902],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972816,0.00086258556,0.0003362499,0.000547655,0.00034983276,0.0006220546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975139,0.0010381007,0.00043525096,0.000463641,0.00023340384,0.0003157186],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00079337426,0.0004401791,0.0006592513,0.00042050492,0.0003725503,0.00007232584,0.0008318521,0.00089374464,0.00037498807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020323605,0.00059647387,0.00040125844,0.00039687523,0.00021822078,0.00019822153,0.0001543691,0.00045448102,0.00016278238],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019005209,0.00084610895,0.03325286,0.0035861626,0.0033501338,0.0010565582,0.107383184,0.024467556,0.55962,0.2258519,0.007936333,0.030748686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019990294,0.00014760364,0.73977077,0.0018539096,0.0011042658,0.00028940183,0.057146788,0.011813321,0.004711008,0.0015729434,0.17809945,0.0014915285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14761026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01709289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7065179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063914736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001025074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996487},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6980706445","doi":"","title":"Conference Call Thursday November 15th, 2012 to Discuss U.S. Geothermal's 2012 2nd Quarter Results","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thursday; Quarter (Canadian coin); Ridiculous; Period (music)","score_opus":0.016908224134331108,"score_gpt":0.24286912555639112,"score_spread":0.22596090142206002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6980706445","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000046806974,0.0006353068,0.0017572434,0.0022347798,0.0010240395,0.0006909257,0.00047201742,0.0006012569,0.9925376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.019148856,0.000037678725,0.0007701952,0.00088430976,0.0024039526,0.00043062985,0.00030750455,0.00087313406,0.97514373],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99659127,0.00012774995,0.00075065426,0.0009486095,0.000476581,0.001105126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99698406,0.000058098412,0.00040487238,0.0018067771,0.00010187394,0.0006442856],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000265795,0.00083917746,0.00080667663,0.0002798448,0.00010531495,0.00011811622,0.00077796675,0.0008309842,0.08452607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012022344,0.00061551866,0.00024772334,0.00026888738,0.0001139146,0.00022818468,0.00016465249,0.00035745924,0.020903885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026388703,0.00016995834,0.000022216422,0.00004384931,0.00015516934,0.0000030033536,0.00024725604,0.00029226433,0.00030444044,0.06208925,0.93275684,0.00388934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064524834,0.000034385743,0.0006861388,0.00017012226,0.00006533448,0.000010034733,0.00006839901,0.000053684344,0.00008222728,0.00007301508,0.99713826,0.0009731669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.055700377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.062207554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.064381376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066330846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007053281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6981780822","doi":"","title":"Feature Story: Award of Distinction for Associate VP - International","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"oURspace (University of Regina)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Diafiltration; Liquation; Dysgeusia; Hyporeflexia; Emperipolesis; Demotion","score_opus":0.010939949516722915,"score_gpt":0.21561314897159903,"score_spread":0.2046731994548761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6981780822","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00027776847,0.0002356576,0.0056886356,0.6184588,0.00090330717,0.00030819443,0.0005452176,0.00012106991,0.37346137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005691172,0.00007856476,0.0011640668,0.0000045895367,0.00021071044,0.0000014861296,0.00013600924,0.000077364806,0.9977581],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99948275,0.000026015643,0.0000072798925,0.00020460394,0.0001635199,0.00011581422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99871796,0.00002180749,0.0007483956,0.00036128602,0.00010914675,0.0000414283],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000089681605,0.0001298249,0.00029167545,0.0001320799,0.00011819219,0.0000075792555,0.0004116575,0.00029281556,0.000037389145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023053577,0.00015778518,0.00018165703,0.000040698887,0.00010732145,0.00004964253,0.00005098685,0.00010592797,0.000014767898],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015154153,0.000012436366,0.00006339079,0.00006432072,0.00019796145,0.000001274821,0.000025610228,0.00011995574,0.00007705829,0.016436243,0.98068374,0.0023028485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004580199,0.000023423465,0.0002468502,0.00020268258,0.0000814843,9.0096785e-7,0.00025375778,0.00013839871,0.000010277323,0.0000089778005,0.99844205,0.0001331991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00095279416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006722001,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6242967,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008141171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046781257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64342934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6983476308","doi":"","title":"Milestone for commercial geothermal project in Canada","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Milestone; Geothermal gradient; Scope (computer science); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.023445946017634237,"score_gpt":0.2620460806483006,"score_spread":0.23860013463066637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6983476308","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00019257436,0.00018167507,0.000076642944,0.00015830771,0.00033341534,0.00065490615,0.00018963458,0.00007125306,0.9981416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.010164536,0.000018916662,0.00031235293,0.0002284918,0.0006612154,0.00077986845,0.00012547254,0.00040164252,0.9873075],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990593,0.000021547647,0.00019131953,0.000287639,0.00012480958,0.00031534754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991355,0.000026220836,0.00019883992,0.00057578733,0.000016697131,0.000046932328],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000056079618,0.0002372098,0.00037309338,0.000101288315,0.00006584415,0.000019708565,0.00038576138,0.0001899639,0.001554946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000927932,0.00020920696,0.00006577414,0.000041905645,0.000029427327,0.00001546,0.000031772954,0.000097334705,0.000033634355],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073286474,0.000025017309,0.00016243664,0.00006481442,0.000042437823,0.000004454527,0.000013689983,0.00035663153,0.000012569524,0.016114656,0.96903217,0.0141638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045032997,0.000007049506,0.0006333029,0.00009392325,0.00000929933,0.0000017180062,0.000022610891,0.0002694715,0.0000148666295,0.000019907202,0.9982095,0.00026803883],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9998218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02917732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018293806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010559108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99935776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6983826757","doi":"","title":"Numerical simulations of geothermal energy transfer beneath exothermic waste rock piles.","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EspaceINRS (National Institute for Scientific Research (Canada))","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Articular cartilage damage; Nucleofection; Diafiltration; Proteogenomics; Tubulopathy; Fusible alloy","score_opus":0.05962990518293038,"score_gpt":0.288642910929902,"score_spread":0.22901300574697164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6983826757","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7126583,0.00082711014,0.10566437,0.011900813,0.006579708,0.0037315236,0.0056261155,0.00031615957,0.15269594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863409,0.0000033735907,0.00045716524,0.00006169538,0.000224167,0.00024658383,0.0003357302,0.00004694569,0.012283482],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960041,0.00013529307,0.0005902904,0.000641587,0.0019254447,0.00070330617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973557,0.0002446196,0.00010324279,0.0005283202,0.00147377,0.00029435847],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007829023,0.00023669463,0.0002958591,0.00036140566,0.00091567636,0.00008673822,0.0007205368,0.0001126702,0.0008015892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016283664,0.00022320033,0.00013303455,0.0011116795,0.0003493166,0.00031163383,0.00005788854,0.00019045641,0.000009206101],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005032189,0.00015115282,0.00008405015,0.000029866582,0.00007001222,0.0000030001197,0.00012951932,0.44309765,0.0038933393,0.54883194,0.003222542,0.0004365738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007799862,0.0000681566,0.0013665219,0.000046871734,0.00001441847,0.000005763391,0.00018477888,0.14893813,0.022749906,0.00285196,0.8226238,0.0003697219],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8656556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98922056,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81940126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045977882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0041858996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9101845},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6986425240","doi":"","title":"Pivoting the geoenergy nexuses","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Ulster University; Department for the Economy","keywords":"Resource (disambiguation); Renewable energy; Natural resource; Head (geology); Capital (architecture); Energy (signal processing)","score_opus":0.07308907359558497,"score_gpt":0.32421284578216303,"score_spread":0.25112377218657805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6986425240","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0170646,0.00014166866,0.000057049743,0.004882909,0.0010083425,0.0008918823,0.0002989434,0.00091472844,0.97473985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.39810148,0.0017363761,0.00003115206,0.00003414095,0.0015488758,0.000035421366,0.00049703906,0.00020756882,0.59780794],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9931338,0.00068384816,0.0005877159,0.0010565682,0.0030696024,0.0014685101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951258,0.0007688657,0.00042311352,0.0015703507,0.0016851652,0.0004267508],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025847752,0.000520869,0.0006645828,0.00084238086,0.0018368266,0.00018981444,0.0017837981,0.00067977764,0.0010971825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005255056,0.0004413682,0.00048625626,0.002130336,0.0005744095,0.0002170932,0.001209023,0.0018766491,0.0011998209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066250206,0.00030866958,0.0014972859,0.00053663773,0.0013435282,0.0031272662,0.0004687035,0.021934584,0.000115650924,0.44258577,0.5189776,0.009038097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023895747,0.0000584069,0.0039828387,0.00023194145,0.00006514078,0.00003157394,0.0025980864,0.00011780344,0.000048988084,0.00034025617,0.99183506,0.00045093457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.44081742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011521047,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4728575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006057944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002449441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6986600086","doi":"","title":"Prime Minister announces support for Canada's first geothermal power facility - Commodities (COMMODIT) News","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prime minister; Power (physics); Government (linguistics); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal power; Prime (order theory)","score_opus":0.015349080123872889,"score_gpt":0.22159188709019023,"score_spread":0.20624280696631733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6986600086","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001474177,0.00015776894,0.0003071541,0.0012116102,0.00094122364,0.001008901,0.0049859714,0.0002765055,0.99096346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011563514,0.000009712053,0.00018185267,0.0012804405,0.00041688088,0.0005242757,0.0012700881,0.0003473674,0.9844059],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977735,0.000048737038,0.00054127886,0.00065434753,0.00037906863,0.00060303847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980542,0.00011828814,0.00036280171,0.0012245071,0.000077562625,0.00016263555],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011212185,0.00058739784,0.0007696693,0.00009594873,0.00015487595,0.00008755692,0.0006338982,0.00045943394,0.014871843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011041766,0.0004939031,0.00023695783,0.00007903321,0.0001197427,0.000054114957,0.000088985566,0.00016741373,0.00061961566],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015887732,0.000057150955,0.00014377364,0.000152308,0.0001628377,0.0000020293414,0.000050045797,0.00039548654,0.0000079461015,0.010662499,0.98799866,0.00035139415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004775757,0.00005738956,0.00018747765,0.00004758184,0.000032409454,0.0000049938976,0.0002022818,0.00008183216,0.00003708864,0.000029491152,0.9982105,0.0006313947],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.95418304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.983,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028816925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016681927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006807758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987017118","doi":"","title":"The Role of Heat Pumps in Canada's Climate Action Plan","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Action (physics); Plan (archaeology); Action plan; Climate change","score_opus":0.008714901741149608,"score_gpt":0.2119595769643519,"score_spread":0.20324467522320228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987017118","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00029328416,0.0013571765,0.0000013294443,0.0001455855,0.00021810763,0.00008845535,0.000041952342,0.00004861827,0.9978055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1805803,0.0003092745,0.000009477426,0.00003257991,0.00017031954,0.000089216985,0.000025522804,0.00021175737,0.81857157],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993912,0.000019145024,0.00017973389,0.00014160259,0.00011066276,0.00015768089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964464,0.000016993725,0.00004819174,0.0002579878,0.000006210317,0.000025969975],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004692013,0.00010979241,0.00014438991,0.000050870767,0.00001855075,0.000012287331,0.0001252307,0.00008764474,0.0009706735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013948602,0.00007011289,0.00003189125,0.00009212772,0.000012342778,0.000005662155,0.000024006353,0.00009075886,0.0001434651],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016734384,0.000042299183,0.0006286876,0.00040087762,0.00024857232,0.00000874476,0.000083926316,0.02385447,0.0012476542,0.64189386,0.3018097,0.029764475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000362156,0.0000022708691,0.00012416254,0.000071847295,0.000006309145,0.0000014152752,0.00031880426,0.0012945447,0.00016611256,0.0002935591,0.99760807,0.000076668555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9993148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6957984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000096784526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013627966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987090765","doi":"","title":"Saskatchewan-Trudeau Announces Support for Canada’s First Geothermal Power Facility","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal power; Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.008756099740034677,"score_gpt":0.21094775584830253,"score_spread":0.20219165610826784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987090765","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008242832,0.00014753474,0.00042352182,0.00063001335,0.00082675193,0.0008092323,0.002551956,0.00028599412,0.99424255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.014846354,0.0000066622765,0.00022376624,0.00058817613,0.000327046,0.0003426828,0.00062257797,0.0003317445,0.982711],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979898,0.000024914014,0.0004153194,0.0006585023,0.00035360822,0.00055789744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99850076,0.00006645668,0.00026908316,0.00093086704,0.00007632708,0.00015651099],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012220701,0.00048001666,0.0005916745,0.00007933326,0.00010830874,0.000044932625,0.00047953232,0.00043400447,0.019588746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010695919,0.00040381998,0.00019165923,0.000091625276,0.000060718365,0.00003631931,0.00005239901,0.00013471085,0.0008366736],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009364767,0.000037710917,0.000087943146,0.00014261917,0.00015397547,0.0000020061252,0.000072967705,0.0010467297,0.000018784693,0.007974003,0.99004704,0.0004068574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036267607,0.00003472218,0.000119916,0.00003292231,0.000025816695,0.000003591552,0.00036150034,0.00006283284,0.000032100063,0.0000246925,0.9984151,0.0005241062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98741055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9970409,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018752072,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016761264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016840002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987512926","doi":"","title":"SustainCo Inc. Announces a Contract Award for Geothermal System for Another School in British Columbia - Commodities (COMMODIT) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Geothermal gradient; Boom","score_opus":0.011043468810079022,"score_gpt":0.22437525492189797,"score_spread":0.21333178611181894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987512926","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0023090655,0.0013375401,0.011460868,0.00043293237,0.0012808781,0.0075054197,0.004708609,0.0016700507,0.9692946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.073335744,0.000034943536,0.0011551023,0.0007847556,0.0023921086,0.007651532,0.0008974625,0.0012305692,0.9125178],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99694175,0.00016501057,0.0009282944,0.0008061706,0.00028390597,0.00087490043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978668,0.00031374476,0.0006351018,0.00081984216,0.0001850925,0.00017940157],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004487182,0.0004999036,0.0013117604,0.00019060136,0.00023855551,0.0007114391,0.000693843,0.0008589451,0.0025393977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005894987,0.0006681354,0.00033773095,0.00016073145,0.00015086448,0.00011287176,0.00006313848,0.0002314938,0.0001321014],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003841075,0.00015262258,0.0013213619,0.0013326443,0.00025188611,0.000006424595,0.00003707018,0.0015766133,0.00002390078,0.017935196,0.9735522,0.0037716334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027288804,0.00010219976,0.00049058016,0.00075415114,0.000060584593,0.000018896126,0.00080176303,0.0034761217,0.000004455106,0.00028115913,0.99045795,0.0008232721],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.83966017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.94281775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10315761,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002984628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023397422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987860084","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc Reports Third Quarter 2014 Results and Updates 2014 and 2015 Guidance - Energy (ENERGY01) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Renewable energy; Energy source","score_opus":0.005573868642178306,"score_gpt":0.21546184623734027,"score_spread":0.20988797759516198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987860084","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001722375,0.006822999,0.00091676286,0.0015123234,0.00054056215,0.00023510057,0.00010348903,0.0006363891,0.98906016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.014916139,0.00207645,0.0012346087,0.0014374348,0.0018560583,0.00023574108,0.0005154059,0.000731839,0.9769963],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962022,0.00019564554,0.0011228063,0.0014416167,0.00038202733,0.00065572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99677163,0.00008857838,0.0010107084,0.0016610635,0.00009064786,0.00037738535],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004170078,0.00084281893,0.0009737983,0.00029903886,0.0001598998,0.00017702479,0.00031740102,0.0008681241,0.0023114926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028287744,0.0006927091,0.00012439385,0.0001229504,0.0002573925,0.00011758212,0.00020449978,0.0002262822,0.0003949069],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023515806,0.000039661183,0.00013584436,0.000053910087,0.0001301881,0.00002135473,0.000032096927,0.0003606696,0.00019244797,0.039156314,0.95716846,0.0026855487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066649873,0.000064320986,0.0003291355,0.0001472826,0.00005797112,0.00013927043,0.000035821122,0.0006880058,0.00009237238,0.0007744047,0.9961318,0.000873157],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1895191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05107705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13844205,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002922833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006079009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6988099189","doi":"","title":"Zone-Éco and Waga Energy commission a renewable natural gas production unit in Cowansville, Quebec","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Production (economics); Natural gas; Unit (ring theory); Commission; Fossil fuel; Energy (signal processing); Energy policy","score_opus":0.009815307665558536,"score_gpt":0.2247379522905642,"score_spread":0.21492264462500565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6988099189","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00025084888,0.0052098385,0.00011880212,0.0009908511,0.00068582094,0.000193429,0.000010154225,0.0004674734,0.99207276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.036739286,0.0003327158,0.00020277532,0.000076211414,0.0005625861,0.00013945102,0.000094189316,0.000425154,0.9614276],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850494,0.00007573543,0.0003237767,0.0006208326,0.00018955785,0.0002851838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992335,0.000014514182,0.00011685952,0.0005089791,0.00003068658,0.00009549978],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000104734965,0.00035556103,0.00038249526,0.0003883918,0.000048676087,0.00007149409,0.00016075697,0.0003706816,0.0016457782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000108870045,0.0002844101,0.00006299322,0.0004253527,0.00006890499,0.000052758034,0.00008658307,0.00022337517,0.0001629652],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017176353,0.00008492446,0.000022615064,0.000278898,0.00009610908,0.000017354714,0.00012663452,0.0023000618,0.0016266999,0.23390236,0.75223446,0.009292729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020300614,0.000012667897,0.000028459874,0.00053722254,0.000023208426,0.00002177164,0.00016251316,0.00079026766,0.0003538698,0.0008567203,0.9966623,0.00034798693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8263152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8273728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24442786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055470373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006172517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6990133864","doi":"","title":"CORRECTION FROM SOURCE: U.S. Geothermal Inc. to Discuss Second Quarter 2014 Earnings Results on August 15, 2014&amp;amp;lt;HTM.A&amp;amp;gt;","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Earnings; Geothermal gradient; Section (typography)","score_opus":0.01139748026500815,"score_gpt":0.23310779817034777,"score_spread":0.22171031790533963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6990133864","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0063574295,0.000180755,0.016528375,0.0009827013,0.0035277386,0.0010013818,0.00085139024,0.0015378265,0.9690324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011997787,0.000032350912,0.0012869644,0.0014525732,0.0046043647,0.00050417305,0.0043314523,0.0013854183,0.97440493],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9942643,0.00045490198,0.0013129329,0.0019889895,0.00084589416,0.0011329878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99487513,0.0003266182,0.0011042549,0.0028862986,0.00015936574,0.0006483509],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005400646,0.0013501624,0.0013220215,0.0006616655,0.00036158317,0.00034214457,0.0009866556,0.0014591853,0.16798422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000110543326,0.0011141908,0.0004429624,0.0003429714,0.00016494858,0.00014094927,0.00021269266,0.0009365576,0.15979469],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016790305,0.00019116652,0.00007970926,0.00003781005,0.00026567595,9.94521e-7,0.0005097726,0.0072964523,0.0016555189,0.00052711286,0.9843516,0.004916279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012499964,0.000071682,0.0010913153,0.0003346673,0.000100866535,0.000011421796,0.00006592328,0.00017419484,0.00007722201,0.00004359952,0.9952746,0.0015044925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1300145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2692121,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1391976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018985684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008606689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6991343469","doi":"","title":"The Government of Canada Invests in Geothermal Energy in Northern Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Energy policy; Geothermal gradient; Energy (signal processing); Renewable energy","score_opus":0.004109931325104372,"score_gpt":0.16992521008391892,"score_spread":0.16581527875881455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6991343469","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016335449,0.0015422817,0.0000018273653,0.0006538568,0.0003438845,0.00010915111,0.00006852115,0.00002217253,0.9956248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.24294755,0.000048059108,0.0000052926716,0.00023739116,0.00009962845,0.00010969046,0.0000064909323,0.00025131105,0.7562946],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99823934,0.000053901447,0.0004453657,0.0002893295,0.0006204723,0.00035156685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992341,0.000047926744,0.00016158767,0.0004707337,0.000012168606,0.00007348877],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000095189214,0.00025261947,0.00030855858,0.00004385533,0.000020013264,0.00001284928,0.00035691596,0.00013273631,0.0006218727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000904506,0.00017703426,0.000038554026,0.00023440177,0.000035884565,0.00000793064,0.00006428965,0.00014763347,0.0000048962447],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009926551,0.000047553407,0.0026636326,0.00014163605,0.00014959731,0.00009431934,0.00005938579,0.022907378,0.000054448483,0.24421582,0.72443014,0.0052261273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012875107,0.0000032045527,0.0009500185,0.00015336637,0.000004771089,0.0000014194221,0.00019637801,0.0003889797,0.0000513787,0.00015392674,0.9977704,0.00019740632],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99999994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27334023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00083430024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00187322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7219248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6993038693","doi":"","title":"Nevada Geothermal Power Reports Results for the quarter ended March 31, 2012\\n| Reuters","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Power (physics); Geothermal power","score_opus":0.01513671121196894,"score_gpt":0.24351980653207023,"score_spread":0.2283830953201013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6993038693","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000012793121,0.0009893131,0.0017315237,0.0025270039,0.0014796344,0.0011331432,0.00015594681,0.000383646,0.991587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0063609187,0.00003220975,0.0007866427,0.0005742734,0.0017386528,0.0010267079,0.0001980143,0.0005424985,0.9887401],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975418,0.00006562632,0.0007088895,0.0006461448,0.0003293471,0.0007082157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971075,0.00019710405,0.0005828642,0.0018824246,0.00006544943,0.0001646793],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047970688,0.00048998656,0.00045070687,0.00013663179,0.00016358084,0.00007210806,0.00045125233,0.0005317563,0.0061952225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022480363,0.0003101759,0.00032101662,0.00013987214,0.000102956365,0.00007945238,0.000073287985,0.00022959005,0.0005768645],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037376372,0.00004829224,0.0000044630797,0.00002689536,0.00023704146,0.0000051365196,0.00007852324,0.00018595319,0.000117985925,0.023124715,0.9751179,0.0010156683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004808302,0.000030381632,0.00016835642,0.000053012824,0.00007426312,0.000043587228,0.00011124518,0.00008340522,0.00003912449,0.00013702783,0.9983408,0.00043799356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019727722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0044287657,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.023222823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049071423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007194218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993503},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6993097025","doi":"","title":"Net zero pathways: building the geothermal energy sector in Northern Ireland","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast; Department for the Economy; U.S. Department of Justice","keywords":"Northern ireland; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Energy (signal processing); Renewable energy","score_opus":0.03232963279549931,"score_gpt":0.26256169013081515,"score_spread":0.23023205733531585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6993097025","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34249836,0.0005187757,0.00015132928,0.0019381392,0.0009075064,0.0013573783,0.0008554878,0.0004281163,0.6513449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8681611,0.0011479455,0.00002745686,0.000046606714,0.00067452947,0.00008459627,0.0005909893,0.00019444649,0.12907235],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99276054,0.0011281854,0.0006545611,0.0011609922,0.002835396,0.0014603382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99664724,0.00046174644,0.0004415237,0.001425383,0.000648928,0.00037520487],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021726002,0.00058884954,0.0007609665,0.0009923556,0.0013276263,0.00012890862,0.0018251718,0.0005946178,0.0038453988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001136091,0.0005335157,0.00042897853,0.001751073,0.0004008937,0.00021956713,0.0012124635,0.0022965309,0.000070569586],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006749496,0.0020287205,0.045854304,0.0008668067,0.0024993408,0.015260008,0.002733404,0.23847577,0.0010605198,0.5604681,0.10749809,0.022580026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005985232,0.00011135135,0.007353167,0.00013140049,0.000041227893,0.00005697026,0.0015865144,0.00021027689,0.000032989166,0.0005246638,0.9887723,0.00058066467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4497791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.061081357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88127416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014679522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025029646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6993126876","doi":"","title":"Numerical simulation of geothermal energy production in the Estevan area using water and CO2 as working fluids","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"oURspace (University of Regina)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Graduate Education; University of Regina","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Dysgeusia; Diafiltration; Liquation; Triacetin; Emperipolesis; Fusible alloy","score_opus":0.01587158010256117,"score_gpt":0.22599437763256022,"score_spread":0.21012279752999904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6993126876","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762996,0.00029187434,0.00033619712,0.020865144,0.00017742754,0.00013670894,0.0000018442944,0.000026707065,0.0018644863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9647161,0.000050676117,0.000104647785,0.000007129677,0.000073059375,0.0000013258506,0.000110586945,0.000027343245,0.034909163],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991731,0.00008873692,0.000039284412,0.00030153143,0.00023072268,0.00016661263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994269,0.000036485475,0.00016819837,0.00025705987,0.0000811203,0.000030256935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015753634,0.00016874722,0.00027279172,0.00021794303,0.00011478873,0.000019012325,0.00017077617,0.00020505354,0.000009815493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008044696,0.00014647834,0.000088820474,0.00028311257,0.00006672744,0.00010330621,0.00002178015,0.00015392152,0.000003953541],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014647128,0.000053828135,0.00021392974,0.0003379536,0.00012109989,0.000023319644,0.009544251,0.95024484,0.017153697,0.014848508,0.00089871744,0.0064134095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044462745,0.000093733994,0.0011895662,0.0010909614,0.00031452303,0.000027483919,0.030862542,0.1523787,0.0025250723,0.00026875237,0.8103325,0.00047156948],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003562842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033651276,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80943376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053747714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043075346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59732133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6996123589","doi":"","title":"Report recommends biomass-fueled hot-water district heating system in Nelson, B.C., Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heating system; Water heating; Electric heating; Current (fluid); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.009320262347420184,"score_gpt":0.20517056978620138,"score_spread":0.1958503074387812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6996123589","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002076005,0.0001554115,0.00015463881,0.00024881508,0.0006168283,0.000382011,0.000034404733,0.00038302664,0.99594885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20353171,0.000004759087,0.00017874494,0.00008539599,0.0004005418,0.00044515872,0.00043782158,0.00042145594,0.7944944],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976387,0.000084085106,0.00083927356,0.00059285795,0.0002855769,0.00055953057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855876,0.000029654446,0.00033233647,0.0008785568,0.000043017848,0.00015768637],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017216968,0.00043882293,0.00063689105,0.00021510478,0.00006997401,0.000059563867,0.0003112104,0.00036301726,0.005659161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009453704,0.00031425833,0.00009182292,0.00026138528,0.000019506062,0.000034790686,0.000076710785,0.00018360467,0.00025528052],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004278386,0.00006458858,0.0012296444,0.0005714387,0.00023170843,0.00041457225,0.00004238265,0.00071917125,0.0004477734,0.019290023,0.97354496,0.0034394716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002590983,0.000006370035,0.00031560007,0.00025092388,0.00001560677,0.000098476616,0.00015923471,0.0008105304,0.00025293298,0.000006633491,0.9973661,0.00045849945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99832106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9777584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20145571,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048320173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017428151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999931},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6996662500","doi":"","title":"Sonoma Clean Power to tap geothermal for ‘EverGreen’ program – North Bay Business Journal - North San Francisco Bay Area, Sonoma, Marin, Napa counties","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bay; NAPA; Geothermal gradient; Power (physics); Renewable energy","score_opus":0.00934499346938519,"score_gpt":0.21705788239130383,"score_spread":0.20771288892191864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6996662500","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05924758,0.00044328198,0.035140503,0.0005673368,0.0030348878,0.005038149,0.000727244,0.0017004171,0.8941006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.11069411,0.00003335524,0.006823455,0.0010481753,0.003845153,0.0026838572,0.0005254912,0.0016900541,0.87265635],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99603385,0.00007968637,0.0010383758,0.0010312687,0.0005788712,0.001237954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99680644,0.00006692742,0.0008166226,0.0012554949,0.00048743116,0.00056709175],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025813634,0.0011041787,0.0012287938,0.0005116911,0.00043357228,0.00044879058,0.001153598,0.0006324425,0.016149646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032008607,0.0009229094,0.00043067924,0.00052899047,0.0001644509,0.00016775055,0.00017706235,0.00042687758,0.0008486057],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001977685,0.0008662352,0.02236752,0.0004532657,0.0012873943,0.000031748357,0.00034684144,0.011783286,0.00002243792,0.008855592,0.7623109,0.191477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009223494,0.00022705553,0.054808784,0.00014513753,0.00010900225,0.0000543135,0.00014360806,0.00048503326,0.0000042482716,0.000029803046,0.94188297,0.001187723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020740055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.24912982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22838977,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014325738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024715802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992937},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6997208087","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports First Quarter 2015 Results, Reaffirms 2015 Guidance - TSX (TSXTSX01) News","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Government (linguistics); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.013276839867469314,"score_gpt":0.24802320670834876,"score_spread":0.23474636684087946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6997208087","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000023328266,0.0028188762,0.00010903898,0.0042432253,0.0012757318,0.0006591751,0.00032075634,0.0012889416,0.9892609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0020281186,0.00016085242,0.0011180585,0.0007523394,0.0032311673,0.00037793472,0.0014677513,0.001167323,0.98969644],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99513495,0.00013855407,0.0015603802,0.0014593606,0.00081880204,0.0008879777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99462855,0.00006404034,0.0013536565,0.0031548587,0.00026181524,0.0005370529],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062978145,0.0009587111,0.0010609686,0.00032309213,0.00015042364,0.0001355325,0.0007002503,0.001126239,0.01071403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010394994,0.0007965974,0.00023146032,0.00040512352,0.00017366905,0.00013977248,0.00018229641,0.0004092593,0.005118324],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032945085,0.00013406522,0.00004898522,0.000059089234,0.00015297184,0.000102454396,0.0001263077,0.0014544084,0.000015726824,0.0024592387,0.994894,0.00051975437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008239571,0.00007023028,0.00008694919,0.00024690983,0.00005575852,0.000106010615,0.000102632235,0.00020600867,0.000017585444,0.0003025246,0.99694926,0.0010321512],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22113977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.114329405,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10681037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016959234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002794294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6997262032","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports First Quarter 2014 Results, Confirms 2014 Guidance","year":2014,"lang":"de","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Government (linguistics); Work (physics); Nowcasting","score_opus":0.0077270776227046905,"score_gpt":0.21721058847843386,"score_spread":0.20948351085572917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6997262032","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00013897191,0.0039550196,0.003495182,0.0033060533,0.0032529754,0.0010422502,0.000340884,0.00069449766,0.9837742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.056845255,0.0007455255,0.00076915347,0.0015868956,0.0066596093,0.0005787277,0.0013232415,0.0010869848,0.9304046],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99175775,0.00035918088,0.0030397817,0.002476944,0.0008975029,0.0014688206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99150276,0.0002513069,0.0027174484,0.0045858454,0.00032716308,0.0006154542],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012731054,0.0015809624,0.0017829837,0.0003596359,0.00048979215,0.00031479684,0.0010467148,0.0018179055,0.09980919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008953906,0.0013769584,0.00058616936,0.00025715923,0.00042654818,0.0001280293,0.0002287279,0.0006992959,0.09612785],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006081894,0.00021695922,0.00022848065,0.00022601734,0.00047490568,0.00009147351,0.00013732161,0.008522423,0.000119533965,0.021146841,0.96722955,0.0015456793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012634327,0.00013824557,0.00090283685,0.0005125383,0.00017368112,0.00013028577,0.000059940052,0.003304658,0.00008264088,0.0001862083,0.99149597,0.0017495669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08618823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02236345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06382477,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015399688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000199672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996938},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6998656767","doi":"","title":"Assessment of geothermal application for electricity production from the prairie evaporite formation of Williston Basin in South-West Manitoba","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Evaporite; Wellhead; Structural basin; Geothermal gradient; Halite; Brine; Electricity generation; Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.015015395003988366,"score_gpt":0.22958215432656764,"score_spread":0.2145667593225793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6998656767","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99236524,0.000114446484,0.003594579,0.00033506504,0.00018191017,0.0012774152,0.00018603975,0.000031090924,0.00191419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967891,0.000023428112,0.0007743076,0.000006521103,0.00013077202,0.000029777422,0.0018537476,0.000032220345,0.0003601528],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985288,0.00012785514,0.00038365278,0.00034931317,0.00042064165,0.00018975744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99736756,0.00008714288,0.0013846527,0.0005109202,0.00060926186,0.000040456736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047231786,0.00022225466,0.00047100868,0.00020334139,0.00013254004,0.000009065955,0.00040641215,0.00028007463,0.000004680254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038898317,0.00023588196,0.00015924222,0.0004140712,0.00007363315,0.00024136837,0.000029525916,0.0001903902,0.000004614328],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.003855475,0.0039913645,0.24670479,0.006713829,0.0014796362,0.000006852993,0.027111359,0.28393155,0.24524423,0.09767944,0.0069566774,0.076324776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012883169,0.0001670522,0.92138225,0.00032499913,0.0003097473,0.000001146276,0.041704018,0.015242593,0.004926178,0.0011424726,0.013123777,0.00038742463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.109218806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7855292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6763104,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002787427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019104095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9618987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6999568349","doi":"","title":"CORRECTION FROM SOURCE: Conference Call Friday, February 10, 2012, to Discuss U.S. Geothermal's 2011 3rd Quarter Results","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Section (typography); Mistake; Period (music)","score_opus":0.013645144023445877,"score_gpt":0.2240501789284296,"score_spread":0.21040503490498372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6999568349","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00013292537,0.00045289472,0.009198197,0.00090114446,0.0025465628,0.00054151454,0.00048217428,0.0008486468,0.98489594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.023589045,0.000036210782,0.0004382369,0.00040188993,0.0029451533,0.0003342665,0.0006978653,0.000687254,0.9708701],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99713117,0.00015492416,0.0006697939,0.0009348287,0.00039132647,0.00071795715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975245,0.000084620435,0.00043412493,0.0014039496,0.00008890126,0.0004639052],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016093008,0.0007016164,0.0006844569,0.00025571545,0.000127229,0.0001205026,0.0005876218,0.000817649,0.11506098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015096657,0.00055538514,0.00021522822,0.00015462941,0.00007760757,0.00014478153,0.00013218656,0.00035239995,0.038325325],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053511758,0.00012368376,0.000031941014,0.000011211242,0.000146113,0.0000017550536,0.00024532006,0.00062211487,0.0002340136,0.0016473242,0.9846885,0.012194509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005537598,0.000046673074,0.0024554401,0.00017049065,0.00007282675,0.0000047251588,0.00014306423,0.0005000523,0.00017137131,0.000049954586,0.9950117,0.0008199443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.51907396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.093632616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42544132,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007751936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006448972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99968976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7000214908","doi":"","title":"Evaluation of Low-Grade Geothermal Energy Recovery From a Cold Climate Municipal Solid Waste Landfill","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University Library (University of Saskatchewan)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Energy recovery; Municipal solid waste; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Heat recovery ventilation; Extraction (chemistry); Landfill gas","score_opus":0.010517134715221392,"score_gpt":0.19596685600650784,"score_spread":0.18544972129128645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7000214908","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96471864,0.00033718784,0.000023157254,0.00006916802,0.0003405198,0.0002778938,0.0021040363,0.00013299387,0.031996395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94721484,0.00036721324,0.00028822452,0.000029544273,0.000095476804,0.000001206574,0.006698659,0.00007524833,0.04522959],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99715286,0.0005367795,0.00034586215,0.0006299155,0.0009519958,0.000382592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99776953,0.00012446055,0.00097528344,0.0007536249,0.00021389106,0.00016321498],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002597271,0.0003917815,0.00075437804,0.00051812374,0.00042886255,0.00001875094,0.001074535,0.00047623157,0.00926094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005746826,0.00055832416,0.0004952695,0.0006159158,0.00013120116,0.00085809635,0.00033372678,0.0003364813,0.000023599796],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.008429837,0.004414359,0.0028123108,0.0021052689,0.010402959,0.00052889815,0.21887538,0.61790514,0.060010497,0.040886965,0.0063316617,0.027296755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0069880937,0.0003860115,0.004019651,0.0008014033,0.0031849574,0.0000037301218,0.8344912,0.022804314,0.015189641,0.0018602384,0.10838935,0.0018814378],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12611435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.053446174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6156158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020803315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072312163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99968684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7000297926","doi":"","title":"Energy optimization of a geothermal heat-pump system through dynamic system simulation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Consistency (knowledge bases); Process (computing); Sustainability; Set (abstract data type); Geothermal energy; Energy (signal processing); Geothermal gradient; Building code; Control (management)","score_opus":0.007005042823648787,"score_gpt":0.2122913398648632,"score_spread":0.20528629704121443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7000297926","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29528078,0.0022364382,0.27232778,0.00019726783,0.0036814394,0.002555354,0.0008871106,0.0026642936,0.42016953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98959607,0.00010256473,0.0025869058,0.0000071911927,0.000120982775,0.0000067276205,0.0018964922,0.000090256864,0.005592833],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974968,0.00021812129,0.0007836859,0.0005671162,0.0005916592,0.00034264487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99721575,0.0001522119,0.00092998846,0.0010105004,0.00057017175,0.00012140173],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024348854,0.00041615768,0.0009459166,0.0002664481,0.00022730573,0.000013057693,0.0008806923,0.0010519015,0.00022631208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002819287,0.000470265,0.00038235943,0.00053357665,0.00020066302,0.0001815751,0.00011349924,0.00027571782,0.00003624617],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000291048,0.00017486307,0.000005801894,0.0013820826,0.00020784575,0.000011254233,0.00066133495,0.9375294,0.0022569944,0.056622375,0.000107697364,0.0007493416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014288946,0.00022965252,0.00028991577,0.0020223176,0.00059753703,0.00001260826,0.008025827,0.9600504,0.0010945529,0.00006169877,0.02543271,0.0007538707],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.023286175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0058862637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69431525,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041375737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001470334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7000388213","doi":"","title":"Exploration of geothermal resources in the Central Alberta Basin (Canada)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Diafiltration; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Durvalumab","score_opus":0.0669918714667024,"score_gpt":0.30526664755582317,"score_spread":0.2382747760891208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7000388213","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8516662,0.00020818911,0.0042976653,0.05082981,0.00062906183,0.006760024,0.0033210344,0.00013779751,0.082150206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99438965,0.00001953227,0.00048478864,0.00032801772,0.0001471422,0.0007685992,0.0010355852,0.000023015553,0.002803654],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962108,0.00047962964,0.00059449754,0.00055539515,0.001227163,0.0009324875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99740547,0.0005530541,0.00024336815,0.0010296059,0.0005585509,0.00020997606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026698846,0.000172548,0.00019385836,0.00033304648,0.00043930713,0.00012994294,0.0014621494,0.00007046202,0.0006451488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007453605,0.00013047582,0.00006800419,0.0015773473,0.00034701894,0.0010990185,0.00014250401,0.000212278,0.00002399619],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001763169,0.0011356485,0.011711014,0.00016770762,0.00003709876,0.000004377682,0.01655975,0.00086852314,0.0012621963,0.8849854,0.06610933,0.016982626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050079153,0.000039790895,0.04635444,0.000036428548,0.0000074651134,0.0000034412597,0.0034802482,0.008332453,0.001722213,0.0013030778,0.9380071,0.0002125175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.86370003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8166064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8836823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012374586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005257957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7063927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7000482743","doi":"","title":"FGA TRADES Now Offers Geothermal Service in North Bay – Newslight House","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bay; Service (business); Geothermal gradient; Plan (archaeology)","score_opus":0.011690957531092798,"score_gpt":0.2062331134831503,"score_spread":0.19454215595205748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7000482743","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0070676403,0.00027510262,0.00002004371,0.0008627198,0.0002438053,0.00042130417,0.00008627548,0.0009552448,0.99006784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.022022072,0.000086347056,0.0001779021,0.0017556804,0.00049492327,0.00054680614,0.00019758075,0.0013906911,0.973328],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980765,0.00010627832,0.00041036954,0.00060947915,0.00032215242,0.00047520542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876237,0.000034923763,0.00021032992,0.00084253476,0.000016542626,0.00013328505],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000080988655,0.00046377903,0.0005194714,0.0003505403,0.00006564025,0.000040181574,0.0006351237,0.00029833821,0.08347271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000030626409,0.00041927592,0.00014222413,0.00072982814,0.000033252687,0.000046593646,0.00010788426,0.00033543762,0.0014871445],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006254925,0.0010330538,0.0146859735,0.0006280909,0.0006963747,0.00015235657,0.0017610429,0.11231659,0.00027579733,0.08677022,0.77496785,0.0066501265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005128002,0.000017018143,0.0036267107,0.000028040893,0.000021658165,0.000006919062,0.00017452841,0.00041959056,0.000014071448,0.000017489603,0.994654,0.00050715904],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11212094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6623182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5501973,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010762953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007690117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998259},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7000650993","doi":"","title":"Geothermal systems in deep foreland basins of the Canadian Cordiellera","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Foreland basin; Geothermal gradient; Structural basin; Sedimentary basin; Feature (linguistics)","score_opus":0.034536876640371535,"score_gpt":0.2975270479815305,"score_spread":0.262990171341159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7000650993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8804937,0.00064365054,0.001018915,0.04570141,0.001271908,0.0100323,0.0056788954,0.00015968294,0.05499951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925303,0.000014532563,0.00017141542,0.00017990297,0.0001274739,0.001116454,0.0006649837,0.000027139064,0.005167784],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99656427,0.0003053565,0.0005899172,0.00055253034,0.0009101121,0.0010777931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99675477,0.00030789597,0.00021301594,0.0011644292,0.0011126254,0.0004472588],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020077953,0.00017790789,0.0002209667,0.0005738294,0.0008023809,0.00036272037,0.0013708869,0.000121084224,0.0008082275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00057040516,0.0001311985,0.00008964403,0.0018249087,0.000446088,0.0006773306,0.00019188348,0.00028229365,0.00017135542],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030885032,0.0005622301,0.048484504,0.0003270196,0.00005872867,0.0000021903497,0.0018636239,0.010840543,0.002658338,0.82517165,0.09171466,0.018285645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058434857,0.0000242143,0.081172414,0.00006986769,0.000005531693,0.000005979195,0.0007272276,0.1323795,0.00028211463,0.00072067673,0.78380036,0.00022777596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.85830116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.81853664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82445097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002898923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007487101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8849524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7002381625","doi":"","title":"NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COUPLING A SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM WITH GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"MacSphere (McMaster University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Evaporative cooler; Thermal; Thermal energy","score_opus":0.007373794518112865,"score_gpt":0.18738982522284395,"score_spread":0.18001603070473107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7002381625","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29636404,0.00041064675,0.005312423,0.000016214759,0.0003740688,0.00048105986,0.0000756667,0.0006052958,0.6963606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7286683,0.0000030087506,0.000046305184,0.0000045927095,0.00009695691,0.000010421279,0.00035466522,0.00009998383,0.27071577],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99769133,0.000094223666,0.00051164255,0.00078979007,0.00049268006,0.00042030393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985938,0.00006291207,0.00035699294,0.00061028445,0.00020381491,0.00017217654],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000116905874,0.00054135686,0.001095041,0.00062512164,0.00021958577,0.00011528844,0.00054266374,0.00044454695,0.004371902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000017025533,0.0004920464,0.0005312493,0.0025267885,0.000053229905,0.00013630456,0.00005740818,0.00036922414,0.00013003995],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034518397,0.000081816484,0.00037857294,0.0030018834,0.0071540177,0.00018110861,0.0015903936,0.9396027,0.0011132297,0.040520832,0.000015451269,0.0060148616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015213344,0.0002416028,0.0021013778,0.0039584064,0.017986428,0.000040965027,0.11430533,0.6616799,0.0011203999,0.0000026767211,0.19515407,0.0018874563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03142603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005867834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43230423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045485835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012196859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997531},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7002530678","doi":"","title":"North American Clean Energy - U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports First Quarter 2015 Result","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Clean energy; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Energy (signal processing); Energy source","score_opus":0.009177294535551241,"score_gpt":0.22325939569407172,"score_spread":0.21408210115852047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7002530678","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00018362804,0.00023427821,0.00017069667,0.0005625349,0.00045733413,0.0001988568,0.00012854923,0.00096747314,0.99709666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03893614,0.00008452267,0.0002982996,0.0006727541,0.0019713126,0.0002409085,0.0012912948,0.0010986074,0.9554062],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969373,0.00009394221,0.0008057432,0.00094389287,0.0005592797,0.0006598481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966662,0.000026995996,0.0009499336,0.0017773836,0.00014648218,0.0004329938],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001651488,0.0006715216,0.0008257344,0.00030406765,0.00011220122,0.00007516451,0.0004405286,0.0003291911,0.006404657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016502805,0.0005700667,0.00016269734,0.000506191,0.00023419419,0.00006229347,0.000118027405,0.0002313715,0.0010961733],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011559303,0.00009712892,0.00021763262,0.000019387828,0.00015938429,0.000075553406,0.000056068493,0.001506655,0.0000026496384,0.0032527845,0.98964405,0.004957163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002563841,0.000072719406,0.0005374711,0.00004215396,0.000043429867,0.00006178805,0.00010855705,0.00020804402,0.0000120593395,0.00004658117,0.99786514,0.00074567425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5139425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7265004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21255791,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001005507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014968816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7007880852","doi":"","title":"Alternative Earth Announces Faulkner 1 Geothermal Plant Operations Handover -- VANCOUVER, Feb. 6, 2014","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Handover; Earth (classical element); Geothermal gradient; Earth observation satellite","score_opus":0.009223329656155991,"score_gpt":0.2185414068570258,"score_spread":0.2093180772008698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7007880852","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009367211,0.00034517312,0.0071647363,0.00007874766,0.0013753911,0.00038924874,0.00044108272,0.00047619166,0.98963577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004842092,0.00013501848,0.00078591844,0.00060975715,0.0022107936,0.00031077745,0.0003920417,0.00050684944,0.9902068],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997951,0.000113988004,0.0004243297,0.0006553411,0.00040139287,0.00045398928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874043,0.000048113856,0.00022022171,0.00075515563,0.000072884235,0.00016316603],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012914304,0.0005312241,0.0005739743,0.00020874082,0.00017001874,0.000114521325,0.00046650393,0.00039054677,0.028406726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000106809075,0.00040510565,0.00018294754,0.0001201487,0.00011642017,0.00008714671,0.00007874962,0.00022654586,0.0049601253],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000067793853,0.000082378145,0.000013009266,0.000023264492,0.00021586259,0.0000038167036,0.00005294543,0.042050853,0.00016885258,0.09306922,0.8638452,0.00046777146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005972743,0.000042530417,0.000020064585,0.00009486448,0.000041009065,0.0000059997897,0.000040001487,0.009289925,0.0001683171,0.00013558555,0.9890049,0.00055949733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1290086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.25659263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12758404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031326654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007277788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998401},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7008517017","doi":"","title":"Canada's First Co-Produced Geothermal Power Project is Operational","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Geothermal gradient; Electricity generation; Work (physics); Process (computing)","score_opus":0.01551559818412493,"score_gpt":0.243895358433613,"score_spread":0.22837976024948808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7008517017","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008119953,0.00008024254,0.000013189389,0.0022037758,0.00043371855,0.00043075188,0.00053081877,0.00077303447,0.9954533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006068853,0.000021427428,0.00007379087,0.001551863,0.0007796117,0.0003847709,0.0001835067,0.001294343,0.98964185],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983056,0.000026717604,0.00030492066,0.0005758497,0.00042007593,0.00036680524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990426,0.00003137667,0.00013485838,0.00065393053,0.000050619707,0.00008666429],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000072156334,0.00035965798,0.00033498107,0.00013807937,0.00013592879,0.00005340099,0.00032681998,0.00026736065,0.041531637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001395544,0.00030497988,0.00009103294,0.00022817322,0.000037498805,0.000027589242,0.000039601993,0.00014261916,0.0015988545],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000019842116,0.00002080725,0.000042049538,0.000020728836,0.00012398476,0.000006702771,0.000031768173,0.0005689583,0.000027389817,0.02484003,0.9741418,0.0001738273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019715367,0.000009622902,0.0002293553,0.00005193988,0.000011580051,0.00000490511,0.000036407644,0.00016640274,0.00016416144,0.000007069442,0.9987242,0.0003971758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9950676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99282575,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.039932784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014586012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010210768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7008822505","doi":"","title":"Conference Call Thursday November 15th, 2012 to Discuss U.S. Geothermal's 2012 2nd Quarter Results\\n| Reuters","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thursday; Quarter (Canadian coin); Ridiculous; Center (category theory)","score_opus":0.01701424803347538,"score_gpt":0.24202574400343616,"score_spread":0.22501149596996078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7008822505","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000047500853,0.0005464799,0.0022775738,0.0032279822,0.0012296945,0.00073545356,0.0004709177,0.0006439451,0.99082047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011865848,0.00004752695,0.0011407704,0.0012434504,0.002266021,0.00045279722,0.00033300594,0.0009289826,0.9817216],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99630046,0.00014736953,0.0008232833,0.0010410291,0.0005029103,0.0011849323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99665165,0.000063208354,0.0004543834,0.0020428794,0.00010059958,0.00068728405],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030189875,0.00090322277,0.0008566475,0.00032405756,0.00011436645,0.00013485838,0.00089491834,0.0008634039,0.059538133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012400716,0.0006732841,0.00027973313,0.00029661902,0.0001375519,0.00026645837,0.00018303882,0.00039626446,0.015350737],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003085882,0.00015056816,0.000022505328,0.000048478076,0.00018976384,0.00000378688,0.00030580402,0.0003383689,0.00038717917,0.04919338,0.94569165,0.0036376535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066845835,0.000039014438,0.0005215327,0.00019690198,0.00007655534,0.000011424102,0.00009604376,0.000054756252,0.000086729386,0.0000604039,0.9971329,0.0010552729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05254209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04878365,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051441252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008596112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007250363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99957186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7008968672","doi":"","title":"Deep Geothermal Heat Storage under Oilsands - Can We Use it to Help Oilsands Industry? New EGS Concept Proposed","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Helmholtz-Alberta Initiative; University of Alberta","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Heat exchanger; Drilling; Geothermal exploration; Energy source; Precambrian; Oil sands","score_opus":0.059804687680216684,"score_gpt":0.3315985363271819,"score_spread":0.2717938486469652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7008968672","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51489186,0.00031017655,0.027285995,0.43627456,0.0009942526,0.0091467425,0.0046847565,0.00086293154,0.0055487603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88671684,0.00005210899,0.003020448,0.0040205726,0.001154781,0.0018911246,0.0054283156,0.00014774101,0.09756807],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9936745,0.00037783026,0.0007569345,0.0014365494,0.0017452656,0.0020088877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99390954,0.00046529932,0.00020262595,0.00186766,0.0016251217,0.0019297625],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001489497,0.00045671753,0.00040881734,0.0007706748,0.0012279506,0.0015728334,0.0017788848,0.00033855857,0.004921581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008483571,0.0004020805,0.00014904318,0.0026652478,0.00050253945,0.0022000184,0.0005252002,0.0007234375,0.00071657926],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107156724,0.0009908959,0.0017027106,0.0001596102,0.000119157296,0.0000074312015,0.0036771374,0.02019111,0.01816378,0.15006106,0.7623829,0.042437054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013334327,0.00012727968,0.0037392671,0.00008546352,0.000017750506,0.000011996217,0.0017464851,0.041914526,0.003472455,0.00066087896,0.94623595,0.0006544884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0918594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012443419,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43225396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039667982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010288998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998431},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7009438037","doi":"","title":"Earnings Call Tuesday May 14th, 2013 to Discuss U.S. Geothermal's 2013 1st Quarter Results","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Earnings; Payment; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.008926810294195234,"score_gpt":0.22405941370665391,"score_spread":0.21513260341245868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7009438037","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00034670145,0.00023304872,0.0005066049,0.008491814,0.00071569305,0.0010077949,0.00023473172,0.0009927226,0.98747087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005044914,0.00011732306,0.0009822502,0.0010346192,0.0016891443,0.00095446606,0.00037393902,0.0011946257,0.9886087],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963115,0.00015167135,0.00085706956,0.0012199138,0.0005081976,0.0009516661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99699926,0.000058441048,0.00048460168,0.001799799,0.000105750805,0.00055215653],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021848909,0.00087858,0.0008499417,0.00039270063,0.00013603816,0.00019286408,0.000903335,0.0008286941,0.042296715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018011318,0.0006434157,0.0002943032,0.0003161834,0.00010822393,0.00011250638,0.00017916774,0.00041710687,0.08494549],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012696296,0.000079828955,0.000032175336,0.00004562373,0.00013896816,0.000004751278,0.00022292216,0.0017866631,0.00020018406,0.0072995583,0.988486,0.001690655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060711394,0.00006276146,0.00068516424,0.00020785235,0.00003804456,0.000007972055,0.00010903377,0.00039923945,0.00004015825,0.000022275453,0.9968316,0.0009888038],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.45698997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.043943413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41304657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007548175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050798975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7009882655","doi":"","title":"Évaluation du potentiel des anomalies géothermiques du bassin sédimentaire des basses-terres du Saint-Laurent (Québec, Canada).","year":2022,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"EspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat flow; Moment (physics); Satellite altimetry","score_opus":0.059933339282022394,"score_gpt":0.28499867102485094,"score_spread":0.22506533174282856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7009882655","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69394433,0.004233855,0.006864727,0.002849845,0.0043260423,0.0013336305,0.00088064204,0.00035934133,0.28520757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90015197,0.00041513843,0.0039180885,0.00036650617,0.0011444882,0.0012847797,0.0033959788,0.00014445506,0.0891786],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9903628,0.0025320647,0.0015458657,0.0016030356,0.0029801072,0.0009761133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99354804,0.00208442,0.0009517077,0.00058816146,0.0022359437,0.0005917566],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003730558,0.0011237831,0.0007505141,0.0006457914,0.0052756113,0.0018823192,0.0011612817,0.0010291701,0.0007701993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00507872,0.0012200372,0.00064183795,0.0013363733,0.002697087,0.002025665,0.00028378848,0.0013573254,0.000057642086],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003676197,0.0018735564,0.050337344,0.0009531837,0.0010170909,0.00039803443,0.0039228695,0.52160114,0.013765499,0.36542788,0.0179471,0.02238869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012294578,0.000104592065,0.120211594,0.0013672729,0.0002718787,0.0010880355,0.0022075851,0.027407814,0.008877108,0.009017358,0.8264186,0.0017987001],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.74888927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.77913034,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8084715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.026123077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03198599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991538},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7010045658","doi":"","title":"Geothermal technology and exploration of geothermal resources in Northern and Central Alberta","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal exploration; Resource (disambiguation)","score_opus":0.04696429474078725,"score_gpt":0.2992624860677036,"score_spread":0.2522981913269164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7010045658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99073255,0.00018778867,0.00048366954,0.0041067484,0.000053039723,0.00087518897,0.00029790413,0.000056702604,0.0032064104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968153,0.00006955378,0.00085159816,0.000051274255,0.00006575733,0.00036323172,0.00030831966,0.000028280254,0.0014466594],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973675,0.00017151555,0.0005206602,0.00067202206,0.00046449964,0.00080382865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982522,0.00021266672,0.00021613408,0.00063405733,0.00044978724,0.00023512087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010927062,0.00018497749,0.00023414087,0.00097031554,0.00031652546,0.00009629652,0.0005617027,0.00013219487,0.00018173455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043900067,0.00016818098,0.00003644466,0.0014627114,0.0007778442,0.0011231634,0.00025789053,0.00020117858,0.000016317414],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002585468,0.0009920341,0.16670163,0.0003100703,0.000056990448,0.0000043858518,0.014264387,0.00030065826,0.009973854,0.74526834,0.0010220148,0.060847092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035879868,0.00037180216,0.30709562,0.00024412594,0.000036955615,0.000037425805,0.008810223,0.03940128,0.009559973,0.01576014,0.61401093,0.0010835138],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04234181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06841996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7295082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000052329106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011620002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96403533},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7011830845","doi":"","title":"Numerical simulation and optimization of cyclic and continuous fluid injection for geothermal energy recovery","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"oURspace (University of Regina)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alberta; University of Regina","keywords":"Computer simulation; Geothermal gradient; Energy recovery; Degree (music); Heat recovery ventilation; Enhanced oil recovery; Geothermal energy; Numerical models; Petroleum","score_opus":0.009125339111004677,"score_gpt":0.21514444947727013,"score_spread":0.20601911036626544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7011830845","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8434117,0.0007097912,0.13258116,0.019558614,0.00058599317,0.00079671567,0.00010834212,0.00025141926,0.0019962478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.74421173,0.00067596097,0.004108928,0.000016241636,0.00016205487,0.000012734429,0.0013545268,0.00013415428,0.24932365],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999362,0.000043063217,0.000041110605,0.00028813965,0.00012896345,0.0001367497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904305,0.000119017146,0.00043246106,0.00016635774,0.00018535418,0.000053782955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000846072,0.0001601844,0.00035934825,0.0002158936,0.0001381153,0.00001199885,0.0000838002,0.00028630678,0.0000054972056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026366268,0.00020630592,0.0000932008,0.00020988943,0.000054427626,0.00013119253,0.000015788586,0.00006004266,0.0000010729399],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000204529,0.000016976745,0.000055334465,0.00020616213,0.00009211234,8.982246e-7,0.00032361806,0.9796445,0.0007396184,0.0050274082,0.0018345633,0.011854318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015150078,0.0005472182,0.003065292,0.00036922086,0.00033461882,0.000006220377,0.009544934,0.69338655,0.00025900485,0.00013148307,0.29031056,0.0005298518],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022145796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001578061,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.288476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032924614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000037937334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8412911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7011845112","doi":"","title":"Nevada Geothermal Power Reports Results for the quarter ended December 31, 2011 (PRN)","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Power (physics); Geothermal power; Nowcasting","score_opus":0.014234729315171977,"score_gpt":0.23640829499974456,"score_spread":0.22217356568457258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7011845112","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000025853822,0.0010355845,0.0014447978,0.00097072474,0.0013538027,0.0009683019,0.00011162535,0.00040370494,0.9936856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013149639,0.00002469625,0.00063942693,0.00054070185,0.0016570786,0.00097633025,0.00017330483,0.0005637169,0.9822751],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976598,0.000051270887,0.00071450707,0.00062436727,0.00029724967,0.0006527978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997226,0.00017002228,0.0006236867,0.0017400872,0.000075927426,0.00016430192],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036630844,0.000509865,0.00046161158,0.00010426594,0.0001570862,0.00006346268,0.00036723644,0.0005717852,0.019586876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021037316,0.000314122,0.0003318179,0.00008928453,0.00008315464,0.000063860156,0.000059464386,0.0001968843,0.0014408488],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002934265,0.00006929431,0.000008037173,0.000018323102,0.00023798071,0.0000043090836,0.000086506225,0.0001966993,0.00007177188,0.029542485,0.9690421,0.00069315045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050598045,0.000024781884,0.00015273565,0.000036292684,0.00009352196,0.000049651386,0.00010937386,0.00009340302,0.00006592657,0.00020005147,0.99821067,0.00045758527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02923809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010345405,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029342433,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038021037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007294232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999311},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7014469739","doi":"","title":"Public review coming soon on proposed changes to hot water delivery requirements, insulating glass standards and plumbing fittings standards","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Water heating; Current (fluid); Water pipe; Materials testing","score_opus":0.031132530024646724,"score_gpt":0.26162333408190014,"score_spread":0.23049080405725342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7014469739","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9337223,0.0009185598,0.00031822713,0.009836637,0.0001259089,0.00078456046,0.00011718708,0.00022600817,0.053950597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99619675,0.00015623639,0.000809445,0.0015753827,0.00021775493,0.000121750214,0.000043974887,0.000049321745,0.00082941254],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979638,0.00008924517,0.000397588,0.00040013873,0.00068693346,0.00046233681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990633,0.0000346832,0.00012359387,0.00032112008,0.00034020288,0.00011710125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010776841,0.000218214,0.00032852628,0.00009670298,0.00034510277,0.00014293376,0.00015406577,0.00007440478,0.00029632647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000088806046,0.00017311846,0.00004908224,0.00018186847,0.0000391532,0.0001275182,0.000111276095,0.00012042725,0.000014173567],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015777792,0.0002296879,0.0009528572,0.00238555,0.0001432269,0.000024234367,0.0010421571,0.0016530651,0.6630436,0.09237556,0.015409138,0.22258314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008897132,0.00024927434,0.00066356646,0.0026881532,0.00004208756,0.000008562296,0.00011136985,0.0009018567,0.027695045,0.0010405768,0.96518457,0.0005251977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022302987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012337496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94977546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025844222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059951242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7059566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7014493677","doi":"","title":"Poromechanical Analysis of Deeply Drilled Wellbores for Geo-energy Production","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Concordia University","keywords":"Extensometer; Drilling rig; Casing; Deformation (meteorology); Fault (geology)","score_opus":0.025630519539615874,"score_gpt":0.2808477921838839,"score_spread":0.255217272644268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7014493677","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.929004,0.00013926021,0.00023617408,0.00036114387,0.0015380991,0.0007796458,0.0000675171,0.00030385423,0.067570284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.74755466,0.00012420584,0.00001938413,0.0000021367212,0.00044871832,0.000054722226,0.0010163217,0.000082690734,0.25069714],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965337,0.0003913685,0.0005655626,0.0010280119,0.0007892125,0.0006921511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971942,0.00035590742,0.00046086448,0.0009906722,0.0007647567,0.00023362131],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055997557,0.0003348757,0.0008513144,0.00330576,0.0006319494,0.00006627716,0.0007616197,0.0005276127,0.000080312006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014125633,0.00036973425,0.00075504254,0.004932229,0.00014605052,0.00013918872,0.000097751596,0.00042941223,0.00001935981],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0028572504,0.00072168955,0.003497643,0.0009394006,0.015144103,0.00023997454,0.001157529,0.034890816,0.10289877,0.8272023,0.005545097,0.0049054194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024370803,0.001346962,0.14125112,0.00051317544,0.0070133368,0.000014628759,0.017020714,0.015793724,0.21810849,0.009405954,0.5846467,0.00244814],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19387417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.27266887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81779635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004196465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000533515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7014567307","doi":"","title":"PERFORMANCE OF HEAT PUMP CHILLED FOUNDATIONS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Air source heat pumps; Thermal energy storage; Heat recovery ventilation; Permafrost; Thermal","score_opus":0.024398666975384547,"score_gpt":0.24423245327089244,"score_spread":0.2198337862955079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7014567307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64298576,0.0000066598286,0.00005416993,0.0002491944,0.00005819573,0.000042038213,0.000001899623,0.000030242067,0.35657182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955563,0.000004655566,0.00047540633,0.000044164004,0.0000886981,0.00004550005,0.00001323221,0.000010491244,0.0037615285],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951935,0.000015421843,0.00015588025,0.00009093733,0.00011488596,0.00010353448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995766,0.000011750806,0.000033497017,0.00023431302,0.00007811139,0.000065685366],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008349932,0.000057651214,0.00009876027,0.00003175262,0.0000476705,0.0000073678484,0.000104306164,0.00003231089,0.0004224147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012765076,0.000049981263,0.000031341388,0.0001262428,0.00003273804,0.000058922455,0.00001953327,0.0000341683,0.00020818533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042988813,0.00025639415,0.0070403744,0.00004855413,0.000081740676,8.058701e-7,0.0010639935,0.22678272,0.085630976,0.66118646,0.0029179566,0.014947017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019066143,0.00022252549,0.018854683,0.00006324558,0.00004011451,0.000022451213,0.00035512328,0.18717344,0.027528321,0.008310996,0.75508046,0.00044203227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00093652774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009334017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7521625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016993507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003509099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4625145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7014983004","doi":"","title":"Razor Energy : FutEra Power Corp. - Construction to Commence on the First Co-Produced Geothermal Power Project in Alberta, and Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Energy (signal processing); Geothermal energy; Renewable energy; Geothermal power; Electricity generation","score_opus":0.008972011478806571,"score_gpt":0.21408928337655644,"score_spread":0.20511727189774986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7014983004","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009245014,0.00013068704,0.000025390502,0.009928199,0.00055880734,0.0005996318,0.000066676,0.000066989545,0.9793786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.25182927,0.000042898464,0.000112250105,0.010909652,0.0002623111,0.0006891497,0.000110123416,0.0004001762,0.73564416],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818116,0.00010511272,0.00035703086,0.0006807795,0.00028214479,0.00039375277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987656,0.00013791853,0.00017599229,0.000791018,0.00004160376,0.00008789523],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000095592164,0.00042525242,0.00043236135,0.00015610307,0.00013065748,0.00007301635,0.00030227314,0.00022580246,0.008565475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022491282,0.00030859347,0.00005558189,0.00026586826,0.00008110434,0.000022581002,0.00007162979,0.0001987785,0.000026586242],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034785313,0.00009124432,0.0005374083,0.000042243006,0.00015003663,0.000024584835,0.00027475666,0.00065526477,0.00022856663,0.18536086,0.81135577,0.0012444771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002834798,0.000036423906,0.00046919164,0.00020557089,0.000007358255,0.000027009466,0.0002981787,0.000053867065,0.00036221504,0.000013839673,0.9978452,0.0003976785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9928305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99492836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24373445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014281049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031756787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015015492","doi":"","title":"The Role of Heat Pumps in Canada's Climate Action Plan","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Action (physics); Plan (archaeology); Action plan; Climate change","score_opus":0.008714901741149608,"score_gpt":0.2119595769643519,"score_spread":0.20324467522320228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015015492","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00029328416,0.0013571765,0.0000013294443,0.0001455855,0.00021810763,0.00008845535,0.000041952342,0.00004861827,0.9978055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1805803,0.0003092745,0.000009477426,0.00003257991,0.00017031954,0.000089216985,0.000025522804,0.00021175737,0.81857157],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993912,0.000019145024,0.00017973389,0.00014160259,0.00011066276,0.00015768089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964464,0.000016993725,0.00004819174,0.0002579878,0.000006210317,0.000025969975],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004692013,0.00010979241,0.00014438991,0.000050870767,0.00001855075,0.000012287331,0.0001252307,0.00008764474,0.0009706735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000013948602,0.00007011289,0.00003189125,0.00009212772,0.000012342778,0.000005662155,0.000024006353,0.00009075886,0.0001434651],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016734384,0.000042299183,0.0006286876,0.00040087762,0.00024857232,0.00000874476,0.000083926316,0.02385447,0.0012476542,0.64189386,0.3018097,0.029764475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000362156,0.0000022708691,0.00012416254,0.000071847295,0.000006309145,0.0000014152752,0.00031880426,0.0012945447,0.00016611256,0.0002935591,0.99760807,0.000076668555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9993148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6957984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000096784526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013627966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015110535","doi":"","title":"Revolve Completes Acquisition of 30 MW Solar Development Project in Alberta, Canada and Advances Permitting Process","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Process development; Solar energy; Development (topology); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.009839583432589668,"score_gpt":0.240101524611986,"score_spread":0.23026194117939633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015110535","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.004235894,0.0037469906,0.0000385542,0.000105791085,0.00010625809,0.0004604711,0.000027393658,0.00007189088,0.99120677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20963266,0.000094421404,0.0014064601,0.00009682108,0.00015112726,0.00037206485,0.00010399797,0.00030620204,0.78783625],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990008,0.000020186335,0.00032986244,0.00031543404,0.00016186097,0.00017185186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996115,0.000029792633,0.00015858383,0.00014016469,0.000030321251,0.000029622823],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006618372,0.00019918077,0.0003049348,0.00012315919,0.000024819063,0.000014500536,0.0001013776,0.000102572136,0.000672083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007563216,0.00016486099,0.00002026778,0.00015418071,0.000025417363,0.000027991164,0.000032327356,0.0000828123,0.000016914277],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006763461,0.0007501172,0.01838389,0.060863186,0.0021482073,0.00011922896,0.01619638,0.01096932,0.0013449698,0.21669699,0.5006749,0.17178518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011512052,0.000007627875,0.00024443914,0.0011035778,0.000012555501,0.0000031555098,0.0005177618,0.00033777667,0.00027592914,0.00012157367,0.99700963,0.00025086122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.97484547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99171364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4963347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059556118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033691278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7358837},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015628169","doi":"","title":"SustainCo Inc. Announces a Contract Award for Geothermal System for Another School in British Columbia","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Geothermal gradient; Work (physics); Foundation (evidence)","score_opus":0.007221398802433221,"score_gpt":0.21871633511059177,"score_spread":0.21149493630815855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015628169","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0013960113,0.0010101965,0.010951718,0.00021086764,0.0008626311,0.006135613,0.0018196779,0.0012250503,0.9763882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.054022476,0.000017028176,0.0011034738,0.00042111424,0.0016231152,0.0057093184,0.00034322543,0.00097566145,0.9357846],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99753916,0.00008858219,0.0006926648,0.0007405342,0.0002213031,0.0007177744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984905,0.00016636278,0.0004612259,0.00057771784,0.0001598304,0.00014434558],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004346966,0.00035929185,0.00093387987,0.00014285486,0.00013830305,0.00044098002,0.0004641496,0.0007378525,0.0027800861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056367262,0.00048561647,0.00025411288,0.00015272362,0.00007627539,0.00006472838,0.00003543834,0.0001492635,0.00015931125],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035465404,0.00015570525,0.001191645,0.0015544706,0.00027935792,0.0000084208905,0.000024291703,0.0013118573,0.00009012308,0.016813591,0.97241515,0.006119914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022666112,0.000073152805,0.00052952673,0.0006112468,0.000045377445,0.000015922711,0.00025466282,0.0027383496,0.000005317132,0.000116067786,0.99272466,0.00061911874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7091143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.85834473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14923045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021359372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018899959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99975955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015941982","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports First Quarter 2014 Results, Confirms 2014 Guidance - Energy (ENERGY01) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Energy (signal processing); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Renewable energy","score_opus":0.00730513748871169,"score_gpt":0.21214237626722532,"score_spread":0.20483723877851362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015941982","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000012327297,0.0018387239,0.0038461485,0.0013265907,0.001512344,0.0003120155,0.00016185813,0.0013237208,0.9896663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01001264,0.0006088688,0.000809767,0.0019312262,0.004261394,0.00059058494,0.001293325,0.0015105469,0.9789817],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99418676,0.00022726158,0.0019045563,0.0018856854,0.00070807507,0.0010876742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938493,0.00012201487,0.001858048,0.003553839,0.00015497295,0.00046182607],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004524166,0.0012274103,0.0013671711,0.0004231586,0.0002498205,0.0001783811,0.000874818,0.0013776916,0.028694987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040778195,0.0010442169,0.00042688832,0.00024083519,0.0002437874,0.00010178406,0.00018450896,0.000348734,0.00479306],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002614055,0.00010130136,0.00004050733,0.00006596519,0.00020834045,0.00004907809,0.000025961272,0.004875306,0.00008293801,0.07219105,0.92017823,0.0021551854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008267975,0.00007455763,0.000091500086,0.00023453934,0.000067522386,0.000103083614,0.000028081855,0.0009557547,0.00012212398,0.00032285906,0.9958329,0.0013402626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.43444028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18833505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24610522,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000968763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013377614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015973997","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports Third Quarter 2017 Results and Updates 2017 Guidance","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Nowcasting; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.014126469585893617,"score_gpt":0.25047349846845685,"score_spread":0.23634702888256323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015973997","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009132131,0.002037858,0.000049208455,0.0006014367,0.00054739765,0.00030296398,0.00014856557,0.00043200082,0.99578923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009827336,0.0004318795,0.0006123107,0.00021818213,0.0011582803,0.00014245277,0.0002534147,0.00035094586,0.9870052],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99772936,0.000055179593,0.0005736426,0.00091860996,0.00027233065,0.0004508618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959961,0.000029301971,0.0011904546,0.0025363544,0.00006578713,0.00018197905],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031666108,0.00051744434,0.00061047403,0.00014488726,0.00028274496,0.00020380036,0.0004880685,0.0006195806,0.0011896833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044438166,0.00041926632,0.00010755847,0.000037085065,0.00021916186,0.00011610555,0.000149575,0.00021931264,0.00076376693],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011298114,0.000029392071,0.000060818827,0.0000436856,0.00010292615,0.00009205519,0.000038865088,0.000055064345,0.00009415125,0.0065948875,0.9914066,0.0014702466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003921671,0.000021447448,0.000964602,0.0002541584,0.000034106182,0.00014719776,0.000016794353,0.000115212606,0.000044707584,0.00026675768,0.99719536,0.0005474652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07719991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017919976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.059279934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020933418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000060036928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015994584","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports First Quarter 2015 Results, Reaffirms 2015 Guidance - Earnings News (EARNINGS) News","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Earnings; Geothermal gradient; Government (linguistics)","score_opus":0.012388930656269281,"score_gpt":0.24428508164033197,"score_spread":0.2318961509840627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015994584","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00016368635,0.0016626536,0.0001857103,0.0036798778,0.0010940325,0.00073480804,0.00014180366,0.0016182426,0.9907192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0027344038,0.00020044531,0.0013900268,0.00062144146,0.003137088,0.00036709683,0.0014018753,0.0013554401,0.9887922],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9941436,0.00022616875,0.001792447,0.0017725028,0.0009798176,0.0010854778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937942,0.000072114235,0.0022868083,0.002860632,0.0003341963,0.0006520506],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081876956,0.001135372,0.0012794553,0.0004152224,0.00023272236,0.00019734567,0.0008065056,0.0013115669,0.011358375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021758341,0.00096998276,0.00028653612,0.0005392618,0.00020797655,0.00019563208,0.00024513705,0.0007420321,0.005831138],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045338704,0.000107807675,0.00035359443,0.00006304484,0.00016655758,0.00009750111,0.00036644028,0.0039644935,0.00003870018,0.0007949912,0.9931356,0.0008659572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00096705783,0.00010874299,0.00037597973,0.0003331243,0.00006942829,0.0001400318,0.00025006707,0.00030786786,0.000013953154,0.0000781016,0.9961359,0.0012197355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.36678413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.113496974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25328714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018946409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003296686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999849},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7017966199","doi":"","title":"Construction to Commence on the First Co-Produced Geothermal Power Project in Alberta, and Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Power (physics); Government (linguistics); Geothermal gradient; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.010996873397756195,"score_gpt":0.22359883247710755,"score_spread":0.21260195907935134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7017966199","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010328217,0.000048512975,0.000004448423,0.0067942753,0.00019616845,0.0005300541,0.000023249913,0.00003186487,0.9820432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.16551177,0.000017600258,0.00009302193,0.0050008968,0.0001942915,0.00046365586,0.00004499332,0.00024550984,0.82842827],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897414,0.000053959127,0.00019320863,0.00039544466,0.00016344107,0.00021978037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926496,0.000096712225,0.000085186155,0.00048546863,0.00001832681,0.000049332364],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006922641,0.0002267277,0.00024011986,0.00008090051,0.00007643381,0.000034471308,0.00016895689,0.00012415045,0.004758325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022487238,0.00015786361,0.00002510431,0.00016165312,0.000045763827,0.00000916028,0.00003457362,0.00014129755,0.000029470455],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014552024,0.000057724257,0.0014547212,0.00006591692,0.00009662262,0.000011138673,0.00024315434,0.001013222,0.00013515525,0.19040453,0.80522966,0.0012736048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013413627,0.000013889158,0.0007172674,0.00015199331,0.0000036841946,0.000010133335,0.00024810148,0.00003616588,0.00018378696,0.000008559227,0.9982826,0.00020966526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9970269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9983705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19305296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008209133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020048219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99615145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7018114243","doi":"","title":"Comportement thermo-physique d’un puits canadien :&#13;\\napplication aux sites de l’oasis algérien.","year":2021,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Biskra Theses Repository (University of Biskra)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Fusible alloy; Gestational period; Limiting","score_opus":0.010852401000780498,"score_gpt":0.19299634995070017,"score_spread":0.18214394894991967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7018114243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9432591,0.0011099159,0.0014017925,0.0005144904,0.00026511285,0.0005977218,0.00023230971,0.000108035,0.052511495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9590699,0.0009909493,0.0012341968,0.000026311858,0.00012044569,0.0000015604217,0.0010485094,0.00006829394,0.037439838],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.996527,0.0005028537,0.00056376256,0.0010594905,0.00067947974,0.00066741183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99520487,0.00021712936,0.0017941033,0.001235659,0.0010889951,0.0004592644],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028353016,0.00064756355,0.0011458553,0.00038958777,0.0015187908,0.00004519709,0.0014237651,0.00084630464,0.00086021743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001929953,0.0009405174,0.0008123713,0.00084721536,0.00066226674,0.0003884443,0.00029543557,0.00046960323,0.00004114682],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001425109,0.004450188,0.04939574,0.0044514667,0.009089049,0.0013289864,0.112293854,0.044648755,0.60370743,0.096197814,0.003084142,0.06992744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0039052528,0.00070183113,0.31554288,0.0025938193,0.0043979823,0.000191208,0.39159727,0.014039784,0.08022871,0.0005591374,0.18300395,0.0032381911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.518122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.19693209,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52347875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007681972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010332662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997811},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7018180155","doi":"","title":"Control de temperatura mediante un sistema geotérmico para un invernadero de altura","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Digital Repository Technical University of Cotopaxi (Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse; Heat exchanger; Temperature control; Subsoil; Geothermal gradient; Temperature measurement","score_opus":0.004853956728363288,"score_gpt":0.194731959847256,"score_spread":0.18987800311889272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7018180155","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79924846,0.0007050969,0.0009967581,0.00059908733,0.0003984551,0.001376505,0.0004672267,0.0008542668,0.19535416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9652492,0.00013724154,0.00037374665,0.00014507063,0.00012387605,0.000024593683,0.0006794683,0.00011791532,0.033148933],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961314,0.00034464174,0.0007126652,0.0010269565,0.0008319475,0.00095238717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962324,0.00044377736,0.0010870866,0.0011874377,0.00038123867,0.0006680524],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003121745,0.000719542,0.0011347041,0.00041646615,0.000956984,0.00018123294,0.0020306723,0.0010436082,0.0006196188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014054331,0.00091065274,0.00090817164,0.0007785737,0.00040963982,0.0005398904,0.00028580189,0.0012855695,0.000037871876],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0071288156,0.00443343,0.0101069305,0.0022587713,0.005293827,0.011522725,0.0064537297,0.014999667,0.5398547,0.36254472,0.01290998,0.02249271],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010422947,0.0013557272,0.06787794,0.0014178468,0.0024910572,0.0021966998,0.025785843,0.0039317864,0.01955719,0.0031403515,0.85686,0.0049626064],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0052334513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007011841,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84395003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011572244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011029713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7018478747","doi":"","title":"DESIGN, THERMAL SIMULATION AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF A PLANT FACTORY HOUSED IN A UNDERGROUND MINE DRIFT","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University Library (University of Saskatchewan)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Energy consumption; Cooling load; Heat transfer; Population; Factory (object-oriented programming); Ventilation (architecture); Electricity; Building envelope","score_opus":0.01939059724445146,"score_gpt":0.20114871156756933,"score_spread":0.18175811432311786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7018478747","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974782,0.00003231762,0.00047618948,0.000038541573,0.000053190455,0.00028452196,0.00042232935,0.00009511335,0.0011196046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98280144,0.000032783188,0.00034593727,0.000004077143,0.000011778321,1.5504972e-7,0.0017966487,0.000029196866,0.014978],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987896,0.00016900229,0.0002428673,0.00046195573,0.00014681244,0.0001897737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878734,0.00026951134,0.000457996,0.0003579076,0.00003418201,0.000093075934],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010119622,0.00023895586,0.00067897764,0.0010703263,0.00011675649,0.000012601618,0.00035580964,0.00036455513,0.00035698374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002992071,0.0003252697,0.00024152316,0.0007848123,0.00011451063,0.00055539573,0.00008778163,0.00016922223,0.000009290982],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011233783,0.00018431552,0.029494632,0.00024408495,0.0016099149,0.00004581052,0.03785888,0.9268936,0.0014169257,0.00064254814,0.00003407577,0.00045186785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022163864,0.00011700766,0.63898134,0.00017326168,0.0016063827,4.1084056e-7,0.24813694,0.106685385,0.00030431742,0.00020928269,0.00086923875,0.00070007285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07580174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14179206,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8202082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012696312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029788224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7018676308","doi":"","title":"Diseño de una instalación solar térmica para suministrar agua caliente sanitaria (A.C.S.) a los vesturarios de unas instalaciones deportivas","year":2018,"lang":"es","type":"dissertation","venue":"RODIN (Universidad de Cádiz)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plan (archaeology); Clean water; European union; Executive branch","score_opus":0.012730477551734991,"score_gpt":0.27003266897491685,"score_spread":0.25730219142318184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7018676308","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.972243,0.000530663,0.0014579014,0.00036968297,0.00044621626,0.00076348183,0.0004386598,0.0003484699,0.023401894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804015,0.000426243,0.0015326323,0.0001897177,0.00064936216,0.00015843047,0.0026787652,0.0002788991,0.013684462],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945803,0.00043233117,0.0010778401,0.0014788356,0.0006995773,0.0017311063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958358,0.00017384219,0.0012356439,0.0014069699,0.00040401588,0.0009437404],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004617529,0.0012389868,0.0011336227,0.0006595667,0.0012513169,0.00034135912,0.001186642,0.0016174113,0.0007065707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016311524,0.0014506544,0.00070322235,0.0010806818,0.00041676452,0.0006020048,0.00020337236,0.0009913071,0.00047928473],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0037821035,0.0053583165,0.07016964,0.0058694994,0.006420047,0.0048977383,0.07054073,0.029363727,0.25585482,0.5180695,0.012174885,0.017498957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006183129,0.000984992,0.34912294,0.004722164,0.002829559,0.0008533997,0.050502658,0.01492162,0.037175313,0.00542188,0.5206705,0.0066118664],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.031179257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012476966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5126476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001276193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018488495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7018976232","doi":"","title":"Feasibility of using Engineered Geothermal Systems for heat production in oil sands processing in Northern Alberta","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Diafiltration; Liquation; Dysgeusia; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Fusible alloy","score_opus":0.08678645749849667,"score_gpt":0.3385375846228422,"score_spread":0.25175112712434555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7018976232","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99429935,0.00023586533,0.0013590852,0.0008462335,0.00019332055,0.0017115123,0.00046928285,0.00004771434,0.00083763804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958985,0.0000183446,0.0010564899,0.000011886405,0.0001362739,0.000965164,0.0007778916,0.000035148696,0.0011003291],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966805,0.00021628806,0.00080962287,0.00083211303,0.0006094708,0.0008519791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975115,0.0001758995,0.0002129677,0.0008168994,0.0011025728,0.00018017452],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035514524,0.00020020343,0.00030594537,0.0007123986,0.00027694958,0.000107008265,0.00064855587,0.00010970429,0.000045472116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010625466,0.0001864387,0.00007281824,0.0018375985,0.00024092733,0.0009756545,0.00010581458,0.00018155343,0.0000058452842],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020047391,0.009992719,0.49146992,0.01019026,0.000110294364,0.000005674237,0.02732258,0.15620442,0.09504586,0.12608323,0.0029227815,0.07864752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003129184,0.000113722934,0.050279953,0.00069165195,0.00002616729,0.000016866665,0.0033448045,0.88928014,0.0056591784,0.0007360491,0.045886315,0.0008359454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1207943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08075511,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73307574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003009092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043774646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9360187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7019346979","doi":"","title":"Geothermal - Trudeau Announces Support for Canada?s First Geothermal Power Facility - Renewable Energy Magazine","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal power; Power (physics); Energy (signal processing)","score_opus":0.009054931370316351,"score_gpt":0.20660949875370327,"score_spread":0.19755456738338692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7019346979","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004191312,0.00041729445,0.0015541867,0.0005184938,0.0010951505,0.00069432985,0.0033813466,0.000466148,0.9918311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00606034,0.000044788212,0.00026863115,0.0010670106,0.0006682397,0.0006859313,0.0014712409,0.0006840439,0.9890498],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996313,0.00006290548,0.0007767427,0.0011535366,0.0006022603,0.0010915943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99742943,0.0001080275,0.0005220799,0.0015042621,0.00013609891,0.0003000979],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020224284,0.0008952216,0.0010578185,0.00019238019,0.00020179318,0.00009074344,0.0008384221,0.00071285164,0.0373587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019219482,0.00078224763,0.00033282102,0.00023246305,0.00012427017,0.000092431255,0.00011072371,0.00017163524,0.0007292858],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039030347,0.0000939105,0.0000757036,0.00016796628,0.0002875465,0.0000073021633,0.000023031826,0.01836462,0.00010532508,0.013594819,0.96676445,0.00047627607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089202356,0.000090570575,0.00011052931,0.000059700305,0.000056021705,0.00001286826,0.000053090476,0.0006632257,0.00011533969,0.0000659063,0.99690086,0.0009798639],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9864594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9904595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036629416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027419883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010930062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99946284},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7019821389","doi":"","title":"An investigation of soil heating by natural gas pipelines in southern Ontario","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"The Atrium (University of Guelph)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pipeline transport; Soil water; Snow; Water content; Penetration (warfare); Heat flow; Infiltration (HVAC)","score_opus":0.009111471147743466,"score_gpt":0.2006558514291885,"score_spread":0.19154438028144502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7019821389","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99668837,0.0002004615,0.000004649978,0.00014957572,0.000072722905,0.00013187254,0.000031467906,0.000026095608,0.0026947856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9676813,0.00001746442,0.00008761513,0.000013438064,0.000046802827,8.894321e-7,0.0010900288,0.000020644964,0.031041855],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911255,0.00009710554,0.00022391992,0.00021851734,0.00019908193,0.00014882082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909174,0.000036813766,0.00037888775,0.00034384785,0.00010532325,0.000043354627],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001590986,0.00016637024,0.00029827,0.00011901007,0.00013041394,0.000008663533,0.00042828388,0.00019163574,0.00024724661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000039137904,0.00016421244,0.00011399583,0.00024198813,0.00007676565,0.00011456036,0.000015315449,0.00023924642,0.000021000855],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00091220596,0.00022302024,0.007860507,0.0004095971,0.0002443874,0.0000065576123,0.19547726,0.09391284,0.680669,0.003445688,0.0011767645,0.015662141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004160416,0.0003577524,0.5782277,0.0013092109,0.00073891063,0.000011010665,0.35408372,0.031882353,0.009458457,0.0051610423,0.012576885,0.00203255],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8206602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.84263986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6712106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008003487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014663365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.66963893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7023971886","doi":"","title":"P Squared Renewables Inc. And Borealis Geopower Inc. Continue To Advance Towards Commercial Geothermal Power Generation In Canada.","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Electricity generation; Geothermal gradient; Production (economics); Power (physics)","score_opus":0.010457063252028297,"score_gpt":0.23618225845876456,"score_spread":0.22572519520673626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7023971886","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0050103534,0.00076927233,0.00022449958,0.0007658238,0.00045985056,0.0006473867,0.0010545584,0.00011493065,0.9909533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.16141012,0.00018698566,0.0009808461,0.0019334824,0.0010334447,0.00048383386,0.0015847872,0.0006262989,0.8317602],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815154,0.00008508071,0.00040541927,0.00059108937,0.00030211534,0.00046476326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985098,0.00001998452,0.0002986993,0.00087707053,0.00007863266,0.0002158025],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014133072,0.0004470605,0.00061507424,0.00019450397,0.00014401149,0.00009926767,0.0004172753,0.00033168876,0.0023925572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000033872704,0.00041813817,0.000038328664,0.00010051345,0.00006210215,0.00008092124,0.00013300993,0.00013965207,0.000021954833],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019376255,0.00003824955,0.00034024962,0.000024672028,0.000056335197,0.000018379751,0.00011277675,0.0038664408,0.00028345088,0.010342455,0.9639356,0.020962024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051750004,0.000020755137,0.0031998972,0.00009451925,0.000012372449,0.0000046205896,0.00006248595,0.0004189483,0.00010572991,0.00002177288,0.9950239,0.00051747175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9990835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15919313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024956831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005852654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7024257579","doi":"","title":"A Reduced Model of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Thermal Response","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"MacSphere (McMaster University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal energy storage; Heat exchanger; Volume (thermodynamics); Heat transfer; Energy recovery; Energy storage; Thermal energy; Work (physics); Borehole; Thermal","score_opus":0.016044427198477672,"score_gpt":0.20889632258648788,"score_spread":0.1928518953880102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7024257579","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4262086,0.00006731578,0.00012445392,0.00004732157,0.00025451268,0.00015946725,0.000093758856,0.00023500212,0.5728096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3818834,0.000012723131,0.000103106024,0.000024073348,0.00008337182,0.000010063077,0.0002647929,0.000121917095,0.61749655],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99776465,0.00027971296,0.00044449914,0.0006471474,0.00039650736,0.0004674917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99835205,0.000099031415,0.0004965506,0.0007069863,0.00018106782,0.00016433383],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016675361,0.0004943918,0.0005898176,0.00037289888,0.00019049065,0.00003691876,0.0007695693,0.0005732165,0.0135049885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015753976,0.0005352748,0.00036265887,0.00078901445,0.000077172714,0.0001634554,0.00011189795,0.0002961816,0.000115186835],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0034678276,0.00021210767,0.00001856256,0.00019646814,0.00048571182,0.0001004885,0.003045895,0.5231848,0.31009877,0.04644432,0.0006704583,0.11207463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004592393,0.00041610343,0.0067306035,0.00092427304,0.0007976788,0.0000069165767,0.017692903,0.090741485,0.052620072,0.0006416434,0.8217183,0.0031176687],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00819251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041722097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8210478,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017346379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029374036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997099},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7024905463","doi":"","title":"Study of horizontal geothermal heat pump systems for urban greenhouses in Quebec","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Skemman","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse; Urban heat island; Geothermal gradient; Heat flow; Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.021527987530972476,"score_gpt":0.268094258337669,"score_spread":0.2465662708066965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7024905463","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99190295,0.0002867955,0.0000026750524,0.000010063874,0.0009960738,0.0015658955,0.0000718781,0.00017187496,0.004991767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.936823,0.000011412937,0.0000030623332,0.0000040183413,0.0003593103,0.0022031986,0.0007850355,0.00018934468,0.059621632],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979306,0.00008796569,0.0008069278,0.0005028055,0.00030502354,0.00036668548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891734,0.00009171102,0.0002681201,0.0005377826,0.00011537176,0.0000696443],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019107231,0.00035776937,0.0006954695,0.0003215608,0.00009771728,0.00004951476,0.00036214956,0.00031742963,0.000023512894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018132718,0.00034814316,0.00016756667,0.0003352733,0.00001977307,0.00007203642,0.00002201867,0.00017086446,0.000054924145],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021986964,0.01067903,0.031091882,0.01185709,0.004245981,0.00029103245,0.13577949,0.4220199,0.020396955,0.3248013,0.011608044,0.025030594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015928242,0.0042386986,0.4320844,0.00410158,0.0010938805,0.000019995956,0.37438414,0.010937819,0.004597033,0.00083693356,0.14627159,0.005505682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8285513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.90033126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4110821,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011718941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109023335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7025663521","doi":"","title":"World's largest geothermal lagoon planned for Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Hydrology (agriculture); Work (physics); Current (fluid); Government (linguistics)","score_opus":0.009362745502887066,"score_gpt":0.21010433980913124,"score_spread":0.20074159430624416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7025663521","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018974244,0.00020556712,0.00006647327,0.00069402385,0.00053107576,0.00042298675,0.0006871579,0.00029552492,0.99707824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0013590386,0.000004544139,0.0002799934,0.00096652796,0.0007354502,0.0010067783,0.0008992313,0.0007069659,0.99404144],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987658,0.000030946707,0.00022687615,0.0003766512,0.00022530973,0.00037440818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991645,0.000050730232,0.0001709237,0.0004976911,0.000015775238,0.00010037843],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006368607,0.0002817959,0.00032604104,0.00013075332,0.00014280078,0.00002076208,0.00034291224,0.000116950425,0.153036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005437524,0.00025979494,0.000098491626,0.00018031322,0.000015804562,0.000011531252,0.000056620076,0.00012887918,0.00009860786],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007089321,0.000022699362,0.000035715548,0.000033538818,0.0000785264,0.0000035626765,0.0000035075138,0.0018746074,0.000006904042,0.1534106,0.84399366,0.0005296033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035002528,0.000016085844,0.00003399146,0.000012528501,0.000020782492,0.0000024329916,0.000049281953,0.0002485073,0.000012874187,0.000060769788,0.9988544,0.00033833153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9839755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99851924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15486073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014282143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021998576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7027268144","doi":"","title":"Canada's Geothermal Energy Industry Reaches Major Milestone","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Milestone; Geothermal energy; Energy (signal processing); Geothermal gradient; Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.012559498517041235,"score_gpt":0.21217750856679046,"score_spread":0.19961801004974922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7027268144","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007965662,0.00031460126,0.000031492917,0.0006478356,0.0004988502,0.00010254561,0.0001791259,0.0014250228,0.99672085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008309582,0.000045871748,0.00009831837,0.000775427,0.0014012213,0.00025642928,0.00011299636,0.00224073,0.9867594],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99819046,0.00004836188,0.0003511121,0.0005378334,0.00036331877,0.00050889625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986782,0.000044588898,0.00022238385,0.0008112243,0.000027292137,0.00021631726],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006118744,0.00045367779,0.0004635038,0.00017286101,0.000077256074,0.000029339222,0.0004358801,0.0010825921,0.015069491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011150643,0.0004065029,0.00010457446,0.00029622,0.00006257219,0.000020436053,0.000083540064,0.00035970603,0.00046855505],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016737582,0.000022656664,0.000035698955,0.000019102064,0.0001696192,0.000029660923,0.00000473501,0.0006550341,0.00004277222,0.110560246,0.8833461,0.0051127104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001927085,0.0000062261415,0.00039153165,0.00009400549,0.000031677497,0.000009184646,0.000040681847,0.00008971102,0.00007269572,0.000091474976,0.9984948,0.00048530666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99932796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.998856,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1151487,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015639051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057156774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7028762836","doi":"","title":"Geothermal resources of the north western Alberta Basin (Canada) - an exploration study in a hydrocarbon dominated region","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Structural basin; Geothermal gradient; Hydrocarbon exploration; Hydrocarbon; Petroleum; Fossil fuel","score_opus":0.04415460351719647,"score_gpt":0.30015480072611617,"score_spread":0.2560001972089197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7028762836","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885644,0.000012563274,0.00010455954,0.007806242,0.00008684095,0.002435768,0.00015678821,0.00003142241,0.0008014149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99490815,0.000004655383,0.00005170101,0.0001485168,0.00009031779,0.0012421508,0.00061032653,0.000029091647,0.0029151093],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957396,0.0007622743,0.0006963419,0.0007415747,0.0012958486,0.00076435925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967844,0.00036080147,0.0003504059,0.0014467294,0.00080498704,0.0002526899],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015178053,0.00021043186,0.00024852838,0.00037954343,0.0005154868,0.0002482155,0.001429414,0.0000690419,0.00012168591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055029785,0.00015907366,0.000056532623,0.0020834026,0.00027266197,0.0018582365,0.00026951544,0.00024163049,0.000018955976],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003506248,0.0065035466,0.85516316,0.00033271968,0.000121472265,0.000007830829,0.02131026,0.011781263,0.004642683,0.03987994,0.026732229,0.033174284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001880113,0.00020271949,0.7406991,0.00009205154,0.00001859493,0.000005299738,0.005770087,0.07670858,0.0009042156,0.0006464879,0.1725712,0.00050153054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.91092557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9574648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14583896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020046548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048267128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64868355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030043040","doi":"","title":"The mapping and application of corn heat units for Saskatchewan","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Production (economics); Work (physics); Heat flow; Agriculture","score_opus":0.014273164310509446,"score_gpt":0.227463189922146,"score_spread":0.21319002561163655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030043040","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00010490931,0.00036129856,0.036120962,0.0001734457,0.00008892366,0.0006292509,0.000034094064,0.000121148005,0.962366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.018173737,0.00003203839,0.00094362895,0.000048539925,0.0003674278,0.00043395156,0.00005471398,0.00018143907,0.9797645],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994296,0.000014705205,0.00018317535,0.00018166212,0.000067177374,0.00012371819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993398,0.00006553347,0.0001210377,0.00036824032,0.000072405215,0.00003295341],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009435245,0.00012540007,0.0001663702,0.000042573323,0.0000937498,0.0000148544395,0.00014471616,0.00014921185,0.0001488935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000068489194,0.00008285428,0.000030187675,0.00009324535,0.00010229049,0.000007562747,0.000026570222,0.000027642427,0.000038829323],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013706884,0.00003817332,0.00007922182,0.00031795143,0.0002587725,5.8309816e-8,0.00040044927,0.000132756,0.0034121128,0.43952927,0.48883086,0.06698665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001257928,0.0000133725,0.0000356729,0.000037970105,0.000012218492,8.5045946e-7,0.00042935892,0.0011709008,0.00019909737,0.0005166392,0.9973608,0.0000973056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02347282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024681741,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50852996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007832136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002909925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99311525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030207640","doi":"","title":"Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at (Formula presented.) TeV with the ATLAS detector","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; H. Lundbeck A/S; State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Israel Science Foundation; Lundbeckfonden; Leverhulme Trust; General Secretariat for Research and Technology; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; National Science Council; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; CERN; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Services Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et Culturelles; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; European Commission; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; TRIUMF; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Atlas (anatomy); Muon; Atlas detector; Tracking (education); Detector; Large Hadron Collider; Luminosity; Transverse plane; Tevatron","score_opus":0.01822826055904327,"score_gpt":0.21418935237343967,"score_spread":0.1959610918143964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030207640","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9831557,0.00021741571,0.000021922875,0.00036652092,0.000028709917,0.00042600743,0.0005753503,0.000039487048,0.01516888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990591,0.000010524967,0.000054510903,0.0000441543,0.00003229431,0.00011161123,0.000018192472,0.000041258223,0.0006283689],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853027,0.00009046363,0.00043726256,0.00026094064,0.00043069356,0.0002503742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998892,0.00008991906,0.0002576477,0.0005452956,0.00010995867,0.000105198225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016793894,0.00020080607,0.00022817278,0.00007857607,0.00026188363,0.00011362241,0.00046337847,0.00010060157,0.00006568796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012906817,0.00010907457,0.000107772285,0.00067070575,0.0003109059,0.00066306686,0.00047027424,0.00020870513,0.000028535194],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035810733,0.00053452095,0.9664409,0.00010420625,0.00017823972,0.000004398234,0.0005712306,0.003905195,0.0059963157,0.020913979,0.00024859598,0.0007442713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015079072,0.00019358184,0.69542193,0.00033371986,0.00004327226,0.000025813591,0.0002751614,0.00030514484,0.17726736,0.0032263258,0.12099258,0.00040724076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009886728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009387747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27101904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005554664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000117619595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4447932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030219274","doi":"","title":"10-MW Brockville Solar Project in Ontario Under Commercial Operation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solar energy; Work (physics); Production (economics); Process (computing); Quality (philosophy)","score_opus":0.023890459636529932,"score_gpt":0.2365461896776451,"score_spread":0.21265573004111515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030219274","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00029661026,0.000054117892,0.00035015252,0.000107361724,0.00011936604,0.00052188576,0.000005302535,0.00017175212,0.99837345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005302537,0.000006493514,0.00036577345,0.00024864962,0.00027800232,0.00042139713,0.00020753045,0.00029338355,0.99287623],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989167,0.000055349836,0.0002871788,0.00034091616,0.00015069963,0.00024916083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941117,0.00001119515,0.000103794526,0.00040667714,0.000022930486,0.000044242577],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000053648128,0.00026622883,0.0003158323,0.00019198965,0.00005189399,0.00006476188,0.00020422503,0.0004116411,0.146342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000023732862,0.00022361599,0.00006965668,0.00010337057,0.000023305673,0.00005356785,0.000049456605,0.00020674293,0.006559488],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000054502357,0.000125229,0.00010927015,0.000020166579,0.00005787984,0.0000010916104,0.0001292009,0.0036418848,0.000060168044,0.072607264,0.9209007,0.0023416702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033661156,0.000020747799,0.0007387436,0.000046916335,0.000008710308,0.0000017232312,0.00004866096,0.0003018829,0.000018984485,0.00004283273,0.9981458,0.00028837458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.973409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98861486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1397825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017626965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001937653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.994214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030436700","doi":"","title":"#NIGeothermalWeek: Defining the vision for geothermal energy in Northern Ireland","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"British Geological Survey; Department for the Economy","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Diafiltration; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Emperipolesis; Durvalumab; Triacetin","score_opus":0.02345008233673037,"score_gpt":0.28464493361656945,"score_spread":0.2611948512798391,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030436700","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10479792,0.00095382216,0.0002666735,0.0043539554,0.0009983925,0.0028022341,0.0013838701,0.00044160156,0.88400155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7223378,0.0011209451,0.000069473725,0.00008250197,0.0006989218,0.00028885616,0.0015573552,0.00032706853,0.27351707],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99344933,0.0008775853,0.0007003027,0.0011586926,0.002358299,0.0014557671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996283,0.00081320334,0.0004791791,0.0012906323,0.0008324662,0.00030154284],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00293875,0.00056599773,0.0007745034,0.00097314786,0.0016704943,0.00012434935,0.0016209179,0.00060331094,0.0020377284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015208182,0.000509339,0.0005246317,0.0013441269,0.0003996783,0.000226112,0.0008702771,0.001635483,0.000074486175],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013494219,0.001968186,0.028063094,0.0009921743,0.0018068076,0.003168635,0.002065392,0.1549175,0.00025129333,0.64603895,0.12306935,0.03630922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009400061,0.0002210012,0.0077646608,0.0001550368,0.000051704246,0.000032364776,0.002131582,0.000496683,0.000014394058,0.00037661148,0.9872566,0.0005593479],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.27224457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.056571975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86418724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011358571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022504348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030845","doi":"10.1007/s10040-013-1082-0","title":"Preface: Hydrogeology of shallow thermal systems","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrogeology Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Geothermal gradient; Geology; Groundwater; Borehole; Scale (ratio); Thermal energy storage; Hydrology (agriculture); Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Thermodynamics; Geography","score_opus":0.009786296349762504,"score_gpt":0.21050052582718062,"score_spread":0.20071422947741813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030845","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96356857,0.00108695,0.00023161578,0.00068919454,0.0005281689,0.00025137307,0.000002655881,0.000063547464,0.033577926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957117,0.00003766079,0.00015759346,0.00014033314,0.00041414003,0.00020372655,0.000006359548,0.00003728801,0.0032912018],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978632,0.00027294058,0.0007805931,0.0002597241,0.00021760433,0.0006059549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852234,0.00009475013,0.0005114443,0.00042057436,0.00021822673,0.00023264873],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003693132,0.00023273646,0.000485206,0.00016755427,0.00018758592,0.000035911446,0.0004865646,0.00030340982,0.0025940486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034116743,0.00018772519,0.00017983782,0.00017726405,0.00026514605,0.00018454119,0.0000836139,0.0003801646,0.0007634],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052667136,0.0004897049,0.120440744,0.00008747907,0.00093863776,0.000081959915,0.000746252,0.52047306,0.07562496,0.26906154,0.0024950563,0.009507947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009061204,0.0014012639,0.31653097,0.00031469695,0.0004912816,0.022613619,0.002227815,0.16269651,0.020534044,0.03330614,0.4279889,0.0028335492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005385655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012171541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42549384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037098434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069392394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7033447403","doi":"","title":"The Prion Protein Ligand, Stress-Inducible Phosphoprotein 1, Regulates Amyloid-beta Oligomer Toxicity","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Institute for Translational Neuroscience; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Hippocampal formation; Phosphoprotein; Programmed cell death; Neuroprotection; BETA (programming language); Downregulation and upregulation; Toxicity; Amyloid beta; Plasma protein binding","score_opus":0.039647913568415016,"score_gpt":0.25906102776462003,"score_spread":0.21941311419620502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7033447403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954766,0.00023351585,0.00008679165,0.0010067861,0.00014832977,0.0011351564,0.000018417591,0.00030128137,0.0015930997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9481868,0.000047609825,0.000034927467,0.00013460228,0.00017027288,0.00006540495,0.00002508722,0.000077288416,0.051257998],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.997201,0.0002775529,0.000449388,0.00076867454,0.0005023807,0.00080095703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997615,0.00009115006,0.00035446216,0.0013180699,0.0002779606,0.00034335916],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003635211,0.00046294142,0.00037943322,0.00020669743,0.00096394384,0.0006820798,0.0012639205,0.00033697928,0.00013070356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029978377,0.00038574054,0.00021075855,0.0006826785,0.00021547114,0.0014007626,0.000391999,0.0005629094,0.0013850046],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021654343,0.00067541096,0.61613363,0.00021110105,0.0005582638,0.00010262829,0.0008866318,0.0034357638,0.33190104,0.02740868,0.000015648446,0.018454673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095066667,0.00010587484,0.44967848,0.000270793,0.00005094879,0.000014886544,0.0004874933,0.000006017349,0.50758773,0.00082928,0.039324682,0.000693171],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013439562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010824984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17568666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020701061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009051256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7036024906","doi":"","title":"ADVISORY - Boralex will Release its 2021 First Quarter Financial Results on May 5 \\n\\tTamar Securities Financial Portal Home","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Broker-dealer; Financial plan; Financial stability; Financial services; Debt","score_opus":0.008735150087895136,"score_gpt":0.212162672364977,"score_spread":0.20342752227708186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7036024906","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011446103,0.0021197803,0.000020746265,0.0013485362,0.0012667713,0.0004209266,0.0012151934,0.00030793235,0.9921555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.053024165,0.00054104114,0.00012534064,0.0007247676,0.00447885,0.00035382045,0.0016173357,0.00051660003,0.93861806],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966667,0.00011130343,0.0008383915,0.0011438092,0.0005303877,0.000709371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979491,0.00007533581,0.0004524559,0.0011498447,0.000120407734,0.00025281296],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013232097,0.00078365416,0.0008691037,0.00029435186,0.00021765458,0.000100822064,0.00045105154,0.0010548296,0.029738413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012175148,0.00074642774,0.0004156706,0.00038217907,0.00010725529,0.00009363644,0.00010086656,0.00050665386,0.0012464141],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007262924,0.00021942955,0.000007227698,0.00017643072,0.000055938257,0.00019191825,0.00010207681,0.0007226068,0.00001569208,0.116814055,0.88051707,0.001104925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011250679,0.0001202991,0.0006193229,0.00086240494,0.000038883594,0.000016142443,0.00008021033,0.00009009502,0.00006280122,0.00012576599,0.99591094,0.0009480564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013134264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.035963308,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11668829,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006908301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035423422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7038280419","doi":"","title":"Holistic and affordable approach to supporting the sustainability of family houses in cold climates by using many vacuum-tube solar collectors and small water tank to provide the sanitary hot water, space heating, greenhouse and swimming pool heating","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Conicet","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Sustainability; Solar water heating; Thermal energy storage; Passive solar building design; Installation; Storage tank; Cold climate","score_opus":0.024593249797884627,"score_gpt":0.24798734414040288,"score_spread":0.22339409434251825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7038280419","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99732244,0.0004737451,0.00028763656,0.00056648895,0.00002504848,0.0011162763,0.000035634203,0.000039351384,0.00013340313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986497,0.0000069984344,0.00034910775,0.00032761306,0.000026076443,0.00039541133,0.000012545327,0.000047882237,0.0001846303],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981668,0.00023777224,0.00046850706,0.00042020928,0.00016014415,0.00054657663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99918145,0.00020878577,0.000103290164,0.00033827752,0.000071669725,0.00009653569],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011582843,0.00021716864,0.00033645603,0.00007756201,0.0008775127,0.0001304249,0.0002072407,0.00004747593,0.000007902152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008175418,0.00013236297,0.00003175794,0.0002220476,0.00010070858,0.000087359265,0.00052175455,0.00019426513,3.268613e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034852987,0.00046872583,0.07679594,0.001387507,0.00022138734,0.000017788765,0.05896036,0.3157942,0.53748125,0.0061660022,0.00034126212,0.0020170535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055625364,0.0015352509,0.03518893,0.00044311007,0.00065226643,0.00032141246,0.3329724,0.329896,0.23560083,0.0022969279,0.052403208,0.0031271153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.064679205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014619492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3018804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001242475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005770956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9415492},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7039269721","doi":"","title":"Let's Celebrate Alberta! By Alberta Students of Grades 4, 5 &amp; 6","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arca (British Columbia Electronic Library Network)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"CONTEST; Curriculum; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.005845015970380591,"score_gpt":0.18724857724761082,"score_spread":0.18140356127723023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7039269721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68836224,0.0035279915,0.000008728767,0.00047782672,0.00021252621,0.00061185064,0.000035925215,0.00024417747,0.3065187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8153852,0.0013444753,0.000115877185,0.0005246777,0.00038609843,0.00023271554,0.00040869717,0.00012831436,0.18147391],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99665964,0.00019800337,0.0007449014,0.00067538203,0.0004448052,0.0012772747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846315,0.00024821877,0.00030528125,0.00070126634,0.00004039195,0.00024169423],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010779366,0.00027158792,0.0005738508,0.000032998425,0.00047144026,0.00030840494,0.0009490548,0.00021455846,0.04592741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016891934,0.00045066685,0.00023509406,0.00073569326,0.00020086126,0.0006545147,0.00022060171,0.0003621005,0.00015160718],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041916763,0.0010149246,0.07381515,0.00005789849,0.00054401136,0.000025066085,0.00024999367,0.006742906,0.00013285592,0.17712924,0.7346807,0.005565303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011438623,0.00018338002,0.0030209569,0.000119820164,0.000042933574,0.00020311904,0.000014432621,0.00028665987,0.0001303467,0.0643074,0.92991287,0.0006342424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.40769118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5413355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19523211,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005262357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021174019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7039684446","doi":"","title":"Numerical and experimental study of geothermal energy extraction from underground mines","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Extraction (chemistry); Geothermal heating; Heat transfer; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Heat exchanger; Thermal conduction; Convective heat transfer","score_opus":0.014654877625231592,"score_gpt":0.2531878989886916,"score_spread":0.23853302136346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7039684446","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96420103,0.0005508505,0.0000010262387,0.000004164474,0.00066490815,0.0004208025,0.0001421945,0.00015240704,0.03386263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99157715,0.000037532995,0.00008796527,0.00006703989,0.00014672638,0.0005221163,0.0006738633,0.00022678054,0.0066608163],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99622357,0.000461199,0.0011140874,0.0010917818,0.0006627909,0.00044659383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99754226,0.00028336712,0.0009193416,0.00080768426,0.0001948549,0.00025247945],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022867616,0.00074578216,0.0010608025,0.00025090994,0.0006022241,0.00007488363,0.00044206445,0.0006553417,0.00038061675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007286788,0.0007507354,0.00023378582,0.0002948664,0.00005434246,0.00037934253,0.00007211397,0.00043256654,0.000040818206],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009890298,0.006978137,0.00017316091,0.0011224123,0.0019422526,0.000053702563,0.00018247456,0.0070038387,0.57657355,0.3679835,0.0000092581495,0.036988672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011758028,0.003672188,0.016595319,0.0028957098,0.002191525,0.00010163907,0.020244755,0.0019155458,0.7452484,0.021765161,0.16688438,0.0067273737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09120048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01888072,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34621835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020477964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021159507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7039915229","doi":"","title":"Numerical and experimental analysis of a diesel exhaust heat recovery system for intake air heating of remote Arctic underground mines","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Airflow; Heat exchanger; Diesel fuel; Heat recovery ventilation; Energy recovery; Waste heat; Heating system; Cold climate; Diesel exhaust; Air conditioning; Energy (signal processing)","score_opus":0.00958895277648224,"score_gpt":0.19395487829414437,"score_spread":0.18436592551766212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7039915229","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92455596,0.0030893972,0.0039848676,0.000031672185,0.00027347798,0.0013577341,0.001111917,0.00014226582,0.06545273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9537446,0.00005108797,0.0009358915,0.0000064722267,0.000034741035,0.0000029363898,0.00008565594,0.00008741728,0.045051217],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890745,0.00005098242,0.0002751267,0.00040897165,0.00018497868,0.00017248835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989326,0.000087537795,0.00042018242,0.00038076827,0.000112191374,0.0000667249],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009199029,0.000093884235,0.0010001797,0.00018122973,0.00007410146,0.000019988209,0.00021163843,0.00022231592,0.000079416306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000120093855,0.0002549921,0.00033393316,0.00041098837,0.00016360138,0.00006372317,0.000074786854,0.00005470641,0.000001752396],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012239481,0.005731707,0.031393785,0.28737026,0.09292905,0.0002600781,0.006904219,0.111554734,0.03016545,0.0027425897,0.06991832,0.35980585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015911348,0.0024308558,0.6815035,0.05990221,0.017834183,0.00030037152,0.093528084,0.08860166,0.00018214653,0.00026606728,0.03446557,0.0050740335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7888978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3318656,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6501097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099246005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003857841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043330801","doi":"","title":"Solutions alternatives de chauffage pour les communautés subarctiques éloignées : Analyse technico-économique des systèmes hybrides géothermiques, à la biomasse et d’énergie solaire à Umiujaq, au Nunavik, Canada / Alternative heating solutions for remote subarctic communities: Techno-Economic analysis of hybrid geothermal, biomass, and solar heating systems in Umiujaq, Nunavik, Canada.","year":2023,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"EspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Population; Pollution prevention; Ile de france","score_opus":0.07485290632819808,"score_gpt":0.30045404555869065,"score_spread":0.22560113923049258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043330801","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8721354,0.0039913584,0.07752041,0.00096876017,0.00072144804,0.002123103,0.007020527,0.00047762302,0.035041377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9835353,0.00056739536,0.0042138244,0.000052871037,0.00023806895,0.0008323907,0.000699241,0.00029093245,0.009569978],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99226105,0.0027402048,0.0018434562,0.0011300175,0.0007187883,0.0013065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9889318,0.007491334,0.0014140225,0.0007836371,0.00095739594,0.000421849],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0059327474,0.0010299024,0.0014224884,0.0017878887,0.0022076506,0.000847036,0.0011294468,0.00079137716,0.000031704116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002637635,0.0011541134,0.0005248714,0.001493407,0.003069446,0.0009951277,0.0004562157,0.0012604253,0.00000244714],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005205707,0.00028321543,0.012618423,0.00090506417,0.0025687397,0.00007237927,0.00094132806,0.86146086,0.004540374,0.113680236,0.00010859344,0.0027687363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085553044,0.000047502428,0.017582396,0.004582869,0.0006023415,0.00041864213,0.0030738695,0.9524756,0.004370278,0.0068517914,0.007833205,0.0013059844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9988188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99625933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.111399904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.029015258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.033667233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996436},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043796328","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports First Quarter 2016 Results and Reaffirms 2016 Guidance - Today's Market News (MARKCOMM) News","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Government (linguistics); Market research; Nowcasting","score_opus":0.007464740233969942,"score_gpt":0.2203537234986064,"score_spread":0.21288898326463646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043796328","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000048400292,0.0017537088,0.00023244657,0.004096466,0.00077891914,0.0006693239,0.0002847399,0.0006723672,0.9914636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001342548,0.0016352066,0.0007949464,0.000710641,0.0021820024,0.00030619072,0.00014814905,0.0008210086,0.9920593],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9957164,0.00017900638,0.0013779073,0.0014668902,0.00042752316,0.0008323017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956236,0.00016812765,0.0012247642,0.0025117141,0.00008716903,0.00038462578],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043573964,0.000906755,0.0009529059,0.00028432356,0.00020324062,0.0001366407,0.00050044095,0.0009099783,0.029303484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057917772,0.0006151888,0.00021538386,0.00015570608,0.00022984586,0.00016081185,0.00021624424,0.00025052702,0.0018782212],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007089267,0.00006874299,0.00012117671,0.00007138693,0.00015187044,0.000055822533,0.000047944992,0.000018994697,0.00006686902,0.0021616835,0.9851611,0.012003471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010666463,0.000048365284,0.000581578,0.00084295037,0.000043207277,0.000112224654,0.0000529397,0.00005217215,0.000019949544,0.00024666102,0.99599594,0.0009373401],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15580928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06549648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09031281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008590434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013628049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043930550","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc Reports Third Quarter 2014 Results and Updates 2014 and 2015 Guidance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Government (linguistics); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.005655580025094847,"score_gpt":0.2209051201080058,"score_spread":0.21524954008291097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043930550","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00031712168,0.0037139333,0.0002417967,0.0012111677,0.00031181754,0.0003065043,0.000074521085,0.00042497582,0.9933982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.017420614,0.0005722718,0.001019846,0.0006124226,0.0010453655,0.00012752248,0.00021159861,0.00044048572,0.9785499],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99768317,0.00009861666,0.00069140387,0.00089645217,0.00023683535,0.0003935278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979725,0.00005624222,0.0006157753,0.0010918619,0.000056712284,0.00020691803],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000433346,0.0004912957,0.0006000958,0.00015723317,0.00009722753,0.00010404705,0.00017869954,0.000533903,0.0022565613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021747672,0.000392202,0.000064504726,0.00006059524,0.00017277682,0.00006581641,0.00011102851,0.00018411032,0.000895645],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011112667,0.000021171461,0.0002034231,0.000060401657,0.0000705491,0.000010923884,0.000036589794,0.00008418299,0.0001152926,0.009723248,0.98881954,0.00084358716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004371427,0.000036473644,0.0010665396,0.00011907998,0.000034247398,0.00009315349,0.000024323084,0.00032893085,0.00003532583,0.00039176497,0.9969209,0.0005121054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.040016286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008380136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03163615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014212332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029206634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998823},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7044002619","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports Third Quarter 2017 Results and Updates 2017 Guidance - NASDAQ.com","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Nowcasting; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.014143486566841671,"score_gpt":0.2501582198458294,"score_spread":0.23601473327898775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7044002619","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009806272,0.0025605692,0.0000718316,0.0008765637,0.000671824,0.00035881746,0.0002014738,0.0004985101,0.99466234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.010490017,0.00048223333,0.00055892265,0.00026253556,0.0011467073,0.00016592228,0.0003429593,0.00040554453,0.98614514],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99732053,0.000071474635,0.0006874611,0.0010596537,0.00032764953,0.00053321675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954194,0.00003900776,0.0013731514,0.0028726845,0.00007805259,0.00021771895],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036867865,0.00061944785,0.0007292735,0.00017073343,0.00035361497,0.0002537767,0.0006020073,0.0007222067,0.0012621556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000049362297,0.0005074635,0.00013409946,0.000046508045,0.00026413347,0.00014435367,0.00018779891,0.00027084086,0.0007576257],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001512392,0.000039712995,0.000079403886,0.000053029118,0.00013306073,0.00011166579,0.000043890195,0.00006855129,0.000118436394,0.006771954,0.9908842,0.0016809701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048363564,0.000027217928,0.0008884819,0.00034567484,0.000041039835,0.00017080542,0.00001922234,0.00017997558,0.000055728906,0.0003011755,0.99683106,0.00065598235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09470902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017432924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07727609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027177386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007268559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7044010351","doi":"","title":"UTES - Renewable Energy Stores Beneath Our Feet","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IDEALS (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Renewable energy; Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Fossil fuel; Energy development; Energy source; Renewable heat; Thermal energy","score_opus":0.01880655045107083,"score_gpt":0.1921204590478372,"score_spread":0.17331390859676638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7044010351","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.705354,0.0044164625,0.07503319,0.02888723,0.00076134194,0.000912997,0.0007840545,0.0018441641,0.1820066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858619,0.00014403691,0.0012717098,0.0005935593,0.00025253135,0.000002484229,0.000077061224,0.000043843953,0.011752873],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982681,0.000105031075,0.00030323784,0.00054307765,0.00035871522,0.00042183927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985487,0.00005716154,0.0003207866,0.0005150238,0.00018852387,0.00036981914],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013830501,0.00028770135,0.00053634145,0.00014516807,0.00033029818,0.00002774672,0.0006109107,0.0002067664,0.0005786334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002776646,0.00033392882,0.0002664025,0.00052017014,0.000088854176,0.00023895792,0.00016246748,0.00012158965,0.00012644708],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029570606,0.00040284524,0.003433326,0.0002296754,0.0008189972,0.00015629063,0.007567646,0.5219968,0.033698697,0.28844944,0.13520694,0.0077436375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014636613,0.00027666826,0.0031224727,0.00007771548,0.00012596323,0.000008811747,0.010060972,0.016420765,0.00424091,0.0028396088,0.9605478,0.00081464404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17698023,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01766435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82534087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006647369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008555055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7044098848","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc Reports Third Quarter 2014 Results and Updates 2014 and 2015 Guidance - Commodities (COMMODIT) News","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Government (linguistics); Commodity; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.008699994599062738,"score_gpt":0.22618402967235826,"score_spread":0.21748403507329553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7044098848","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005404791,0.004222404,0.000303547,0.00200891,0.00045780587,0.0004261261,0.00022675883,0.00057656143,0.9912374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.028168047,0.0009691068,0.0011382408,0.0012006676,0.0017033732,0.00023893222,0.0006192101,0.0006271783,0.96533525],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971445,0.00018327989,0.00092208217,0.0009528029,0.0003005457,0.0004967551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99726313,0.000114925744,0.0008271747,0.0014759628,0.00006984258,0.00024896272],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004437805,0.000666232,0.0008677719,0.00020713208,0.00017240536,0.0001861028,0.0002846788,0.0006309463,0.0020726074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023920466,0.0005452518,0.00009362083,0.00006699633,0.00032506572,0.00011477267,0.00018307712,0.00028104603,0.00064700353],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017570319,0.00003210583,0.00034616937,0.00008787831,0.000094505805,0.000010936578,0.00007431464,0.00016778123,0.00003909483,0.014903218,0.98342544,0.000801011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005878157,0.000053318327,0.0009386281,0.00016425594,0.000046341444,0.0000972405,0.00009245112,0.00048695132,0.000025308791,0.0008854065,0.9959349,0.00068738824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.109635845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03640895,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07322689,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023856712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004085603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996999},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7044158707","doi":"","title":"U.S. Geothermal Inc. Reports First Quarter 2015 Results, Reaffirms 2015 Guidance","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Geothermal gradient; Government (linguistics); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.012475490950969404,"score_gpt":0.24551424244863135,"score_spread":0.23303875149766196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7044158707","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000012564698,0.0023268752,0.000083756284,0.0022621388,0.0009983252,0.00045812398,0.00026009048,0.0011128602,0.9924853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002946419,0.00008606272,0.0008412537,0.0003310956,0.0023966408,0.00027876525,0.0011314763,0.0009442299,0.99104404],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99633276,0.00009287981,0.0011500415,0.0011077422,0.00065003417,0.0006665542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99591166,0.000035228844,0.0009958503,0.0024501756,0.00022046758,0.00038662058],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059131696,0.0007099916,0.00078940974,0.00024427442,0.00010948911,0.000088550405,0.0005155214,0.00087254617,0.009193695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005992427,0.0005846488,0.00015982364,0.00030291386,0.00013438392,0.0000913095,0.00013091462,0.00029984958,0.0044908533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020556843,0.0000923246,0.00001731535,0.000045365257,0.00011726313,0.000077254794,0.000095555195,0.0012780834,0.000015138534,0.0031406349,0.9947866,0.00031387576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059017516,0.000048526275,0.00006764801,0.00020488139,0.000039644532,0.000103080274,0.000058784884,0.00024218042,0.000016300277,0.00022645913,0.9976272,0.0007751004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.12519242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.058451146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06674127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012268541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001975794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066866379","doi":"","title":"An investigation into application of geothermal energy in underground mines","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Economic shortage; Thermal energy; Energy consumption; Groundwater; Underground mining (soft rock); Heat transfer","score_opus":0.017001824073544922,"score_gpt":0.28466501782120207,"score_spread":0.2676631937476571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066866379","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95924926,0.00014690732,0.00043495712,0.00005557177,0.0001450074,0.0005630501,0.00001054015,0.00000651588,0.039388176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98193467,0.000012016914,0.0010588177,0.000037534322,0.00015060752,0.0005976412,0.0033858465,0.00007086233,0.012751993],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99809736,0.00016018594,0.0007552345,0.00056275056,0.00022585456,0.00019864122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99832296,0.000058121776,0.0006753068,0.0007063954,0.00014141375,0.000095775686],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030586548,0.0002915535,0.00053101906,0.0002275504,0.000074646,0.00009978964,0.0007795146,0.0004105939,0.00031588154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016436526,0.00029534104,0.0000688757,0.0003492983,0.000049886527,0.00027239736,0.000033064774,0.00010430838,0.00006594272],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031087207,0.0008182676,0.0023575854,0.0022073311,0.0002338188,0.0000037345571,0.01020189,0.06891229,0.25264695,0.19452111,0.00011508859,0.46767107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0070296037,0.0010089247,0.06729681,0.007722814,0.0008952307,0.000020117777,0.018894231,0.15622543,0.2828894,0.07102482,0.38037056,0.006622079],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13584992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.33151263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.461049,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006795422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013388874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7072008859","doi":"","title":"Terawatt Solar is a Highly Acclaimed Energy Company Providing Hydro Net Metering Services in Toronto, Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Net metering; Metering mode; Energy (signal processing); Net (polyhedron); Net energy; Solar energy","score_opus":0.007013308643326949,"score_gpt":0.20512352160858874,"score_spread":0.1981102129652618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7072008859","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0010197244,0.0016189562,0.00003462513,0.00026286123,0.00041594988,0.0002506397,0.000114233226,0.00030711756,0.9959759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.23062727,0.00008451469,0.00027573784,0.0019891488,0.00040985542,0.00069056,0.00033648068,0.0006313775,0.76495504],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977862,0.00010195287,0.0005001205,0.00066399394,0.0004059062,0.0005418297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987967,0.000034318127,0.0002862928,0.00072036486,0.00001679738,0.00014551874],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000860576,0.00048236258,0.00062325335,0.00013155816,0.00012747766,0.00007669356,0.00068736536,0.00021797678,0.049847703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000014332867,0.0004621894,0.00009739427,0.00020178124,0.0000151845,0.00009202323,0.00025973166,0.00017632071,0.00001823869],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048850226,0.00039215988,0.0011511868,0.001338778,0.0015082785,0.00022240929,0.0013546637,0.02215151,0.0054575047,0.098179586,0.84566975,0.022525338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031219906,0.000011759002,0.000058324367,0.000096238895,0.000021527034,0.0000063104235,0.000504252,0.0042470326,0.000298901,0.000022406195,0.9938985,0.0005225366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99953365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.999521,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23102084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010146176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024734496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084071068","doi":"10.1109/icwoc65853.2025.11151129","title":"Doppler Estimation for Aeronautical Satellite OFDM System Based on AoD and AoA","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Doppler effect; Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing; Doppler frequency; Multipath propagation; Channel (broadcasting); Interference (communication); Satellite; Satellite system","score_opus":0.009944471240032464,"score_gpt":0.24937763045958267,"score_spread":0.2394331592195502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084071068","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021407621,0.00015874047,0.45328298,0.0029952382,0.0002587653,0.0009511375,0.000023811517,0.00050410884,0.52041763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846004,0.0000014980807,0.006502021,0.00043851032,0.00003408453,0.000273019,0.000030518237,0.000011899545,0.0081079975],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936694,0.000021997994,0.00019317103,0.00020499012,0.000076049764,0.00013684892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955034,0.000116835356,0.000030542004,0.00021821175,0.00003851062,0.000045543336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010945249,0.00009984935,0.00013168888,0.00005854208,0.000097943295,0.00003584877,0.000059208138,0.000076222284,0.000039158716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015210824,0.00007976823,0.00003990184,0.00010014345,0.000022423948,0.000027577238,0.000011105219,0.000033661512,0.00003772361],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020226313,0.00003075792,0.000053579155,0.000107350366,0.000011623687,1.7385742e-7,0.000010263675,0.0316034,0.0002652111,0.95291954,0.0004115245,0.014566327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000669791,0.00005228042,0.0018500155,0.0000943205,0.000024236513,0.0000014735236,0.000061489496,0.8782405,0.0014122471,0.0012602026,0.116219275,0.00011413292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005828224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010021809,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9631928,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003931574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002155051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3252854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084142401","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7992292.v1","title":"Prioritizing policy issues for knowledge translation: a critical interpretive synthesis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Knowledge translation; Relevance (law); Prioritization; Stakeholder; Process (computing); Key (lock); Conceptual framework","score_opus":0.05037185391157689,"score_gpt":0.34528184882578916,"score_spread":0.29490999491421227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084142401","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[1.7398587e-8,0.0036791419,0.000087641594,0.00054424023,0.00006957827,0.00033061235,0.23147343,0.00029427602,0.7635211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0025627003,0.000021964006,0.001204801,0.0001641781,0.003163948,0.010535022,0.014131062,0.0005372092,0.96767914],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989665,0.000049215425,0.00023339906,0.00039042957,0.00008803999,0.00027242856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99785537,0.0015160211,0.00007976337,0.0003532816,0.0001186117,0.00007696915],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025538498,0.0002789886,0.00036805728,0.0002493811,0.00008363518,0.000063673615,0.00027939444,0.00040577535,0.193767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003925381,0.00028171847,0.00021451256,0.00020009735,0.000014052637,0.00003217126,0.000045300152,0.00011621026,0.0018246197],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000039627707,0.00003266592,4.464432e-8,0.0010565515,0.00007427438,0.0000010789028,0.00019685492,0.000005839855,0.000012639947,0.074973464,0.9106859,0.012956729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004755625,0.000010264245,0.0000026572302,0.01712342,0.000033384425,0.0000014039987,0.000056197016,0.0002806063,0.000094612165,0.00035100087,0.9817305,0.00026839654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016821565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000816324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21734236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006346634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021913701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999635},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084300290","doi":"","title":"The Constitutional Status of the Administrative State","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Administrative law; Jurisdiction; Deference; Judicial review; Constitution; State (computer science); Administrative discretion; Order (exchange); Constitutional law; Public interest","score_opus":0.0193764416719069,"score_gpt":0.2595285850021928,"score_spread":0.2401521433302859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084300290","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40478978,0.0018772784,0.0003741652,0.0031584583,0.000832845,0.00033560308,0.0003215438,0.000083344086,0.588227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865616,0.00004698698,0.0001225563,0.00032069162,0.00008270049,0.000058571033,0.000013593972,0.00000837137,0.01278493],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896014,0.00012095676,0.00026590037,0.00016778497,0.00022493282,0.00026031185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989916,0.00014069857,0.00012303205,0.00046675288,0.00017203581,0.00010587211],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000108600485,0.00009963267,0.000117272386,0.000005856248,0.00042673497,0.00005528199,0.00021028453,0.000040703024,0.00037963156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008835777,0.000058778187,0.00009718414,0.0001800933,0.0006078744,0.0000569822,0.000067703506,0.0001419099,0.00010485192],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000066536127,0.000030676256,0.0007604904,0.000004622072,0.000042619195,0.0000023496823,0.00005027508,0.0053596776,0.0020505937,0.99084383,0.00044137717,0.000406826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025726162,0.000011661697,0.007973328,0.00002360359,0.000010918992,0.000011977717,0.00024558388,0.00009005504,0.016978469,0.011230772,0.9630726,0.00009375657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005617447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013197582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97961307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038859598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046890316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84919375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7084406005","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.30261128.v1","title":"Toward Understanding Power Dynamics in a Highly-Connected, Hyperlocal Coastal Decision Network (Bay of Fundy, Canada)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dynamics (music); Social network analysis; Social dynamics; Power (physics); Corporate governance; Social network (sociolinguistics); Qualitative research; Centrality; Qualitative property","score_opus":0.028845501766978556,"score_gpt":0.22819750603972752,"score_spread":0.19935200427274896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7084406005","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16229884,0.0016190168,0.011396174,0.0033528868,0.0018149767,0.001845116,0.20611784,0.00051064295,0.6110445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99255353,9.3844096e-7,0.00007040782,0.00014263256,0.000037131213,0.00006889062,0.006629964,0.000017705146,0.00047881284],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989719,0.000030172712,0.00031719904,0.00021749528,0.00019333653,0.0002699429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929386,0.0002494494,0.000088189925,0.00024743823,0.0000623685,0.00005871788],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000042977565,0.00013370675,0.00022463824,0.00007252842,0.000068840636,0.00001566367,0.00020798382,0.00011735683,0.007930883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014410104,0.00013083791,0.000053448144,0.0005229698,0.000007835925,0.000042393956,0.00010181126,0.00012301799,0.000023056886],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000724527,0.00007672995,0.0019326762,0.00018192144,0.000076794524,0.00004219577,0.00008738849,0.32735583,0.000041228195,0.5579031,0.110528216,0.0017014827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030872077,0.00011484165,0.036804944,0.009776841,0.000037760026,0.000023208544,0.004010747,0.21093515,0.00039962278,0.020414809,0.71319234,0.0012025298],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17958528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9283113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8302547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048820325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003198492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.992976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093306429","doi":"10.17632/w6jypmm87c","title":"Daily ground temperatures from selected sites between 2006-2018 in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"dataset","venue":"Mendeley Data","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermistor; Borehole; Instrumentation (computer programming); Temperature measurement; High resolution; Ground level; Test site","score_opus":0.023595951374434303,"score_gpt":0.249619083639426,"score_spread":0.2260231322649917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093306429","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008282309,0.0028309075,0.000011537077,0.0015360591,0.0012036767,0.0008674428,0.9849626,0.000057734567,0.00024775384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05215634,0.00070332194,0.00010999034,0.00095918257,0.0036405397,0.0003386801,0.94106144,0.00007567292,0.0009548464],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9915016,0.0010636215,0.0020400907,0.0025880008,0.0014293537,0.0013773015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9878401,0.0012751395,0.00074857456,0.009540379,0.0002845154,0.00031127158],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","open_science"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000744901,0.0014618858,0.0015620089,0.00026471887,0.0009775871,0.0009294904,0.0101383,0.00088950817,0.000816305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029367043,0.0012027065,0.00011550607,0.0021663208,0.00021117476,0.00048193854,0.0020064334,0.0019522116,0.000030423571],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032789158,0.00022600523,0.006374154,0.00015968968,0.0007886014,0.00010655612,0.000105953935,0.00031923072,0.00003261429,0.0002548807,0.9912801,0.0003194472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008441961,0.000049079394,0.023764556,0.00032596718,0.0005636614,0.0000102296535,0.0005245287,0.00022455912,0.000023328608,0.00007387076,0.9724514,0.0011446173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99943525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9997487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043901153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068835786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044325367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998131},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093323847","doi":"10.17632/w6jypmm87c.1","title":"Daily ground temperatures from selected sites between 2006-2018 in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"dataset","venue":"Mendeley Data","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermistor; Borehole; Instrumentation (computer programming); Temperature measurement; High resolution; Ground level; Test site","score_opus":0.023595951374434303,"score_gpt":0.249619083639426,"score_spread":0.2260231322649917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093323847","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008282309,0.0028309075,0.000011537077,0.0015360591,0.0012036767,0.0008674428,0.9849626,0.000057734567,0.00024775384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05215634,0.00070332194,0.00010999034,0.00095918257,0.0036405397,0.0003386801,0.94106144,0.00007567292,0.0009548464],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9915016,0.0010636215,0.0020400907,0.0025880008,0.0014293537,0.0013773015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9878401,0.0012751395,0.00074857456,0.009540379,0.0002845154,0.00031127158],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","open_science"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000744901,0.0014618858,0.0015620089,0.00026471887,0.0009775871,0.0009294904,0.0101383,0.00088950817,0.000816305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029367043,0.0012027065,0.00011550607,0.0021663208,0.00021117476,0.00048193854,0.0020064334,0.0019522116,0.000030423571],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032789158,0.00022600523,0.006374154,0.00015968968,0.0007886014,0.00010655612,0.000105953935,0.00031923072,0.00003261429,0.0002548807,0.9912801,0.0003194472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008441961,0.000049079394,0.023764556,0.00032596718,0.0005636614,0.0000102296535,0.0005245287,0.00022455912,0.000023328608,0.00007387076,0.9724514,0.0011446173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99943525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9997487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043901153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068835786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044325367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998131},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093356263","doi":"10.17632/3fwyr9j9rs","title":"Daily ground temperatures between 2008-2014 in Nunavut, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"dataset","venue":"Mendeley Data","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermistor; Instrumentation (computer programming); Borehole; Temperature measurement; Ground level; High resolution","score_opus":0.021813635466813086,"score_gpt":0.26176030537685174,"score_spread":0.23994666991003866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093356263","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008657545,0.0039767195,0.000028884904,0.001201956,0.0013058612,0.00069172424,0.98942745,0.000045610428,0.0024560345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.015525285,0.0015606434,0.000104196035,0.0008704891,0.0014976637,0.00026468895,0.97070867,0.00007592529,0.00939242],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9919835,0.000564166,0.002130726,0.002776164,0.0010857943,0.0014596747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9881394,0.0004810324,0.00068035896,0.0100821,0.00015427048,0.00046281968],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","open_science","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093072344,0.0013218404,0.0017709426,0.00044192176,0.0005379462,0.00042910836,0.007442812,0.00091596774,0.0020314269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018685841,0.001360678,0.00012080217,0.0011680272,0.00014790785,0.0004591722,0.002993881,0.0017349739,0.00014242915],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019500494,0.00015263788,0.00058120233,0.0004209726,0.0004311205,0.00010761151,0.00001806108,0.0017253057,0.00001621217,0.0011097853,0.99428976,0.0011278408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091896066,0.000030028357,0.0023036413,0.00056279753,0.0002817622,0.000012826997,0.0001905159,0.0005290884,0.000015355457,0.00007154101,0.9938645,0.0012189934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9936485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9962386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018718766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008379585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005078395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093359262","doi":"10.17632/3fwyr9j9rs.1","title":"Daily ground temperatures between 2008-2014 in Nunavut, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"dataset","venue":"Mendeley Data","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Thermistor; Instrumentation (computer programming); Borehole; Temperature measurement; Ground level; High resolution","score_opus":0.021813635466813086,"score_gpt":0.26176030537685174,"score_spread":0.23994666991003866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093359262","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008657545,0.0039767195,0.000028884904,0.001201956,0.0013058612,0.00069172424,0.98942745,0.000045610428,0.0024560345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.015525285,0.0015606434,0.000104196035,0.0008704891,0.0014976637,0.00026468895,0.97070867,0.00007592529,0.00939242],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9919835,0.000564166,0.002130726,0.002776164,0.0010857943,0.0014596747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9881394,0.0004810324,0.00068035896,0.0100821,0.00015427048,0.00046281968],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","open_science","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093072344,0.0013218404,0.0017709426,0.00044192176,0.0005379462,0.00042910836,0.007442812,0.00091596774,0.0020314269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018685841,0.001360678,0.00012080217,0.0011680272,0.00014790785,0.0004591722,0.002993881,0.0017349739,0.00014242915],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019500494,0.00015263788,0.00058120233,0.0004209726,0.0004311205,0.00010761151,0.00001806108,0.0017253057,0.00001621217,0.0011097853,0.99428976,0.0011278408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091896066,0.000030028357,0.0023036413,0.00056279753,0.0002817622,0.000012826997,0.0001905159,0.0005290884,0.000015355457,0.00007154101,0.9938645,0.0012189934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9936485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9962386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018718766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008379585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005078395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093827733","doi":"","title":"Canadian R&amp;D on oil-fired integrated systems","year":2018,"lang":"","type":"other","venue":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"ASHRAE 90.1; Efficient energy use; Range (aeronautics); Measure (data warehouse); Combustion; Presentation (obstetrics)","score_opus":0.013723784302523578,"score_gpt":0.22222265630176793,"score_spread":0.20849887199924436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093827733","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.012989227,0.0005297871,0.0006719389,0.00024781353,0.0019883232,0.00045009938,0.0018438903,0.0001497463,0.98112917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7974464,0.00024094673,0.0006356464,0.0001224898,0.00019137902,0.00024929078,0.01013553,0.000118085634,0.1908602],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9947636,0.00014407806,0.00232255,0.000794248,0.0011209021,0.000854637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946073,0.00017836993,0.0018758681,0.0015345016,0.0010102789,0.0007936582],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085093634,0.0008411915,0.0011973564,0.0015889273,0.0005967422,0.00040340656,0.0009659053,0.001040584,0.0039103865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017531867,0.00075277616,0.00031322558,0.0014788717,0.0014659495,0.0005061282,0.00018481504,0.00028440842,0.0013123272],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028198046,0.0009040233,0.00024070275,0.0011014348,0.0007698573,0.000004488007,0.000023269304,0.008620303,0.0008580884,0.7292915,0.24864863,0.009255704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006516102,0.0002813937,0.0011424951,0.0011760913,0.00014303299,0.000025045994,0.00002220066,0.00019738106,0.00037218953,0.00006517788,0.9952434,0.0006799889],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16153182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08876995,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79026896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039915097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010223078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99949235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093966069","doi":"","title":"Photovoltaic Power Generation and Air Source Heat Pump Heating Cooling, DEAKONET Solar Panel Air Source Heat Pump – US and Canada Report","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Air source heat pumps; Heat pump; Photovoltaic system; Electricity generation; Coefficient of performance; Power (physics); Solar energy","score_opus":0.011782631129664519,"score_gpt":0.21041580591293668,"score_spread":0.19863317478327217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093966069","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33605,0.008320368,0.0042908085,0.000800199,0.0017007105,0.0017981402,0.00022118367,0.0016903894,0.6451282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3411249,0.000084356805,0.00021676921,0.0011420797,0.00088101433,0.00018760371,0.0003031519,0.00070470123,0.65535545],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99686617,0.000090460664,0.00076446537,0.0011877739,0.00048574476,0.0006053705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985248,0.000043955642,0.00019280183,0.00081291946,0.000079976446,0.00034557874],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000270967,0.0007134647,0.0007374148,0.00020202767,0.00027843146,0.00015605723,0.00018222889,0.0005428149,0.0011163586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028572691,0.00064507645,0.00010834259,0.00019046605,0.00009803913,0.00006767252,0.00015882628,0.0003939875,0.000055312656],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043578333,0.00019306673,0.003196545,0.0012028081,0.0016849403,0.000707736,0.0010098038,0.18156984,0.040425494,0.0035997145,0.764238,0.002128486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000298682,0.00003113508,0.00015554138,0.00022820712,0.000108462045,0.00068001787,0.00026159748,0.020817704,0.0015780618,0.000017447,0.97507894,0.00074420404],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9848326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9308852,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21084096,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017603493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003143039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7094945382","doi":"10.5683/sp3/gwqqzz","title":"Groundwater geochemistry data collected from a field pilot heat injection study [Quebec, Canada, 2020-2022]","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"dataset","venue":"Borealis","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Inlet; Heat pump; Field (mathematics); Injection well; Hydrology (agriculture); Water injection (oil production)","score_opus":0.014785412845843811,"score_gpt":0.24054828932686045,"score_spread":0.22576287648101664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7094945382","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0046042525,0.00062445365,0.000054645046,0.0012206578,0.0009460304,0.0012332515,0.98836577,0.000098071556,0.0028528732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.018288052,0.00022921148,0.000015373087,0.0009508388,0.0015977282,0.0008482051,0.95877016,0.00006525137,0.019235196],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9936529,0.00045504858,0.0016175354,0.0024067163,0.000986723,0.000881097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9910874,0.000513747,0.00044719578,0.0072297542,0.00033900654,0.00038292253],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027514942,0.0011354296,0.0013163175,0.00015696412,0.0008282386,0.00045869357,0.0030687146,0.00074081594,0.0036795067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025573495,0.0011768354,0.0001367533,0.0010241255,0.000075546035,0.00021573524,0.001602025,0.0010526814,0.000010275189],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023473581,0.0013894018,0.00013701673,0.00014794708,0.0012599379,0.00013312857,0.00007672469,0.0009091137,0.000135842,0.000012789676,0.99511695,0.00044642304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013887736,0.0003013646,0.0026660946,0.000257391,0.00084491936,0.0000119043725,0.000771129,0.0013282901,0.0002541565,0.000021602953,0.9910906,0.0010637661],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02959562,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009740322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0036292502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99906814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7095798132","doi":"","title":"Article Implications of Spatial Variability in Heat Flow for Geothermal Resource Evaluation in Large Foreland Basins: The Case of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Foreland basin; Geothermal gradient; Spatial variability; Resource (disambiguation); Structural basin; Heat flow; Sedimentary rock","score_opus":0.01002357501648116,"score_gpt":0.2338863743022088,"score_spread":0.22386279928572764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7095798132","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900739,0.000011225529,0.00355601,0.0035229202,0.000038468166,0.0007538482,0.00012421112,0.000005770199,0.001913626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988785,2.6034323e-7,0.00012329945,0.0005316974,0.000040347026,0.00031696193,0.000019220968,0.000011626702,0.000078095414],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864167,0.00042842978,0.00043642122,0.00017548985,0.00013678192,0.00018121308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988476,0.00041578469,0.000091945316,0.0005366006,0.00007921246,0.000028848788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001708236,0.00008840095,0.00015549017,0.000025485146,0.000086452594,0.000006070788,0.00016664658,0.000048787697,0.000089877234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010739141,0.000055110235,0.000048934042,0.00018125285,0.00004280078,0.000037911446,0.00003958162,0.000065585824,4.0503474e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008125909,0.0004770222,0.3547275,0.00007400868,0.00004306498,7.544902e-7,0.001028656,0.58234346,0.0027859567,0.039602432,0.00053342973,0.018302435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012564232,0.000020207779,0.424212,0.000020111149,0.00002561752,0.000010602849,0.00026837757,0.5609548,0.002277634,0.0012950487,0.00957686,0.00008228717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.93947655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98727536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.069484524,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000111791975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014736455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22473302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7095928682","doi":"","title":"g o","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Water heating; Thermodynamic cycle; Water cycle; Product (mathematics)","score_opus":0.012031127494718798,"score_gpt":0.2163166009629722,"score_spread":0.2042854734682534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7095928682","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06313207,0.0000065119607,0.00468672,0.0018049239,0.000034918787,0.00001489779,4.4937437e-7,0.000111014415,0.9302085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88960373,0.0000010724126,0.00015360865,0.00011412804,0.000047975333,0.000012342213,1.3329004e-7,0.000003569117,0.110063404],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982864,0.0000034024918,0.000040187482,0.00004870846,0.000025511914,0.000053547672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985075,0.000010557242,0.000006856491,0.000104055674,0.000007758143,0.000020038247],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00001496123,0.000021049165,0.000022411825,0.0000069497014,0.0000145980475,0.0000024743554,0.00003771385,0.000011946433,0.0029145933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000026519413,0.0000098812925,0.000012983257,0.000023598366,0.0000074798463,0.000019302242,0.0000057113025,0.000003925751,0.0022200607],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[2.524737e-7,0.0000033598537,0.000120501405,1.8193634e-7,0.0000016889063,1.00010546e-7,0.0000023941575,0.000026130585,0.021327253,0.94302374,0.0008041566,0.034690235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008035146,0.0000025383763,0.002055155,0.0000020681687,4.813202e-7,0.0000010979912,0.0000042220586,0.000017680846,0.0068543823,0.0037683344,0.987182,0.00003167505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010953338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014414152,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98637784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003812768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002268828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99855685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096165247","doi":"","title":"Ground source heat pump systems in Canada.,&amp;quot; 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.greenerg.com/documents/Canada_GSHP.pdf. [Accessed","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Work (physics); Heat transfer; Heat flow; Heat exchanger","score_opus":0.014472077880030089,"score_gpt":0.2153074178583625,"score_spread":0.20083533997833242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096165247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7099508,0.0009871261,0.0033399377,0.0020379194,0.0020895412,0.00092934625,0.0000960717,0.00040477738,0.28016448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.74082077,0.000030291085,0.00011795397,0.001216517,0.0005058992,0.00022202608,0.0002261168,0.00009651524,0.2567639],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959521,0.00025142296,0.0011060105,0.0008384402,0.0007894615,0.0010625425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976744,0.0002045576,0.00022092188,0.0012407217,0.0001740063,0.0004853752],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041771424,0.00055725203,0.0007389031,0.00019651993,0.00028293516,0.00021672019,0.0008114347,0.00022311731,0.0046117916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053690634,0.0005029636,0.000099830686,0.00069167267,0.00006041798,0.00028573791,0.00014166972,0.00032170248,0.0013977479],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042252555,0.00033490898,0.010289993,0.00026291807,0.00023246763,0.000023738941,0.00009067651,0.7600789,0.0027481427,0.0971383,0.12530638,0.003451304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00081395364,0.000019923475,0.0020255572,0.00008459738,0.000022640532,0.000021411484,0.00028715533,0.10191181,0.00008761178,0.00004869382,0.8941137,0.00056292454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99923027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99800754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76880735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00096351927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00093448116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096251302","doi":"","title":"Development and Participatory Project Monitoring","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Microform; Citizen journalism; Process (computing); Information system; Electronic mail; Electronic document; Distribution (mathematics)","score_opus":0.04968734736827022,"score_gpt":0.27336743280748393,"score_spread":0.22368008543921372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096251302","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91138214,0.00006381299,0.00012121426,0.000024426949,0.000031114203,0.000043047352,1.2439877e-7,0.00007947473,0.08825464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881592,8.6575335e-7,0.0041161603,0.000010836802,0.00011343293,0.00011233371,0.0000012624376,0.000007859944,0.0074780914],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996168,0.0000068269496,0.00011275244,0.000097488184,0.000054356806,0.00011174829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986726,0.0000068452346,0.000017783485,0.00007796113,0.000010725494,0.000019411933],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000465623,0.00005200637,0.000050432365,0.000019640918,0.00007012941,0.000016388754,0.000028588187,0.000022334303,0.000023167435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000010697996,0.00004222188,0.0000084371795,0.000048412276,0.0000104303035,0.000027600594,0.000014155563,0.000018447185,0.000036867637],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043111877,0.00011795224,0.038058445,0.000032416065,0.00003226157,0.000004440397,0.00074520096,0.005015908,0.029948557,0.87466913,0.000645719,0.050725676],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014111474,0.0000037085895,0.08092967,0.000009448078,0.0000034096067,0.0000025102584,0.00024570903,0.00034101625,0.04217818,0.00020541897,0.87581164,0.00012816273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0077477805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00053822296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87516594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012134429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001620695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096536997","doi":"","title":"Proceedings Chapter Reference Rafraîchissement par collecteur souterrain à eau, bâtiment Perret à","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Suite; Nova scotia; Ventilation (architecture)","score_opus":0.019112732801833482,"score_gpt":0.22239787803096525,"score_spread":0.20328514522913177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096536997","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4311591,0.0000379268,0.0010757697,0.005434324,0.00010913794,0.0003795039,0.000012531628,0.0003300271,0.5614617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90208817,0.0000144927235,0.0005316441,0.00033304773,0.00009672593,0.00025409093,0.000003372434,0.000025904134,0.096652575],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988454,0.000009821415,0.00028376793,0.00035283988,0.00020246072,0.00030573993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994476,0.000017557028,0.00008651382,0.00023329275,0.00008822802,0.0001268344],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010381282,0.00018041009,0.00016480374,0.00005570147,0.00013286035,0.000037073438,0.00021079599,0.00007282012,0.0047067185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000096651065,0.00010842337,0.000055837496,0.000101035606,0.000043020496,0.00009119796,0.000064924294,0.000045585246,0.001117573],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023887515,0.00010671198,0.0011747185,0.000013691868,0.00006504642,0.0000014179436,0.0005019814,0.000052362884,0.16431056,0.8137251,0.009178712,0.010845806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006832358,0.00009554535,0.006190865,0.000061783445,0.000012607201,0.000007978411,0.00018777119,0.00026321004,0.01907371,0.001279736,0.9718023,0.00034127216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001852314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035906493,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9626236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048093523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014738153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097031080","doi":"","title":"Ground Surface Heat Flux Histories, Beltrami 1 Global Ground Surface and Heat Flux Histories from Geothermal Measurements: Inferences from Inversion of the Global Data Set","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat flux; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal heating; Inversion (geology); Geothermal energy; Flux (metallurgy); Energy balance; Surface (topology)","score_opus":0.08590583639353025,"score_gpt":0.269647854790456,"score_spread":0.18374201839692575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097031080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97566056,0.003233431,0.00033800097,0.0009902769,0.0012590878,0.00028922924,0.0025884437,0.00013892051,0.015502033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950502,0.000018327664,0.0010558055,0.00022630196,0.00019218,0.000007770476,0.0012280004,0.00002993771,0.002191502],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99686366,0.0003015286,0.000641848,0.0008230583,0.00093318755,0.00043674398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974644,0.000102083715,0.00018586336,0.0016639775,0.00028410828,0.0002995259],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003925843,0.00045095524,0.0005652408,0.000014038464,0.00032275953,0.00014051607,0.001224627,0.0002662903,0.0004288933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007756805,0.00034270555,0.000084870284,0.00039955296,0.00042884692,0.0006842607,0.00064894825,0.00015020999,0.0000396208],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005306609,0.00068171934,0.76213014,0.00011356847,0.0013810684,0.00000911239,0.0050482927,0.06822149,0.016932225,0.056825083,0.086209916,0.0019167113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005016295,0.0002670262,0.120049134,0.00021315373,0.0005835871,0.000020323892,0.008311387,0.012302725,0.0022721356,0.013910273,0.83516043,0.0018935102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7582523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1403718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74895054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010767935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003836909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097478367","doi":"","title":"Thermal Performance of Trench Backfills Used for","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Trench; Frost (temperature); Thermal insulation; Thermal; Terrain; Front (military)","score_opus":0.015254198989537346,"score_gpt":0.2423247798430465,"score_spread":0.22707058085350917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097478367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8877613,0.000010034151,0.0018639113,0.000037414502,0.000042974778,0.00009226113,0.0000030694753,0.00003436015,0.11015468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987295,0.0000012296631,0.0011149431,0.000047026442,0.00009045245,0.00002997257,0.000008100836,0.000012292447,0.011400982],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944615,0.000004541803,0.00021166401,0.00009874129,0.00007430159,0.0001645952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961686,0.000058601436,0.000059855996,0.00018123265,0.00004706102,0.000036371828],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017385914,0.00006619219,0.00010573487,0.00003328188,0.00003930512,0.0000040255272,0.0000985317,0.000047661582,0.00042398865],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022117226,0.000050826606,0.000056824003,0.000092885326,0.000022594773,0.00004091483,0.000008976556,0.000021636475,0.000034028624],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057819423,0.0001693587,0.004545288,0.00007748893,0.0000601155,3.0426702e-7,0.0003500375,0.02591665,0.3944628,0.50954366,0.0004890053,0.064327486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001302574,0.00021028874,0.052020594,0.00002597809,0.00001939116,0.0000022292493,0.0002908428,0.024101457,0.6826194,0.00014723756,0.23895004,0.00030998702],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014330801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043676686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50939643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007853046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010096654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46423784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097765214","doi":"","title":"Letter Report on Second Quarter Results of Measurements in Hydrology Holes in the Single Heater Test Area","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrology (agriculture); Quarter (Canadian coin); Test (biology); Test site; Temperature measurement","score_opus":0.0348492349142986,"score_gpt":0.22690010312264267,"score_spread":0.19205086820834405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097765214","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83750474,0.000003878778,0.000005731329,0.0048648384,0.000028832697,0.00014623332,0.0000021002525,0.000010476003,0.15743314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947785,1.4573762e-7,0.000029014524,0.0023947777,0.000042792046,0.00013485944,0.00001235384,0.000008964731,0.0025985963],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989517,0.00007130125,0.00046153768,0.00020577834,0.00013644126,0.00017326997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993476,0.00008233363,0.00009555926,0.00042349164,0.00003263376,0.000018326611],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029999146,0.00009615478,0.0001452831,0.00007508264,0.000018094182,0.000015131863,0.00013641764,0.00007012001,0.0003703351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021899625,0.000058762613,0.000031809228,0.00009430392,0.000044099117,0.000052562016,0.000011639944,0.000079134144,0.00010820742],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019178372,0.00561857,0.17076106,0.00009181993,0.00016562972,0.00015747103,0.010652242,0.050793465,0.5697407,0.009903454,0.17795412,0.00396966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044135526,0.0006209794,0.68655616,0.0001366891,0.000017143488,0.00012157516,0.00090724387,0.001509557,0.07644902,0.0034839474,0.22514817,0.0006359493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011401679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01209159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5157951,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019256153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000061660403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097896566","doi":"","title":"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermosiphon; Heat pipe; Heat exchanger; Evaporator; Natural circulation; Natural convection; Natural gas; Base (topology); Heat sink","score_opus":0.018647537723050975,"score_gpt":0.22093564480008202,"score_spread":0.20228810707703104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097896566","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06684866,0.00004549748,0.0004066019,0.00017752266,0.00003894582,0.000031704476,9.429092e-7,0.0001194798,0.93233067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8007396,0.000012171673,0.00032327985,0.00023973414,0.00006979647,0.00002609837,0.000004441054,0.000007638871,0.19857726],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996589,0.000009370136,0.0000805938,0.000094384224,0.000058596033,0.0000981791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976164,0.000012940316,0.000015782101,0.0001507814,0.00001964698,0.000039206738],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000017603723,0.000049273272,0.00005892888,0.00001709121,0.000086137596,0.000002986788,0.0000658594,0.000028399238,0.00048368887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000027075419,0.000039260376,0.000031356896,0.00007673491,0.000028066239,0.0000335827,0.00001382511,0.000026826006,0.00051981374],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030779572,0.000045176002,0.000853128,0.0000018522408,0.000017205715,0.000010210327,0.0001836924,0.0033861033,0.0027084663,0.945848,0.045454077,0.0014890261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001092319,0.000007102283,0.0038791879,0.000002195359,0.0000014924223,0.00002439013,0.000063159314,0.00038652204,0.0024192464,0.00064536143,0.99238163,0.00008048526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00746211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021886098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94692755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007993679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000108346585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991473},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7098135176","doi":"","title":"PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A RESIDENTIAL GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM WITH ANTIFREEZE SOLUTION","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Antifreeze; Heat pump; Heat exchanger; Air source heat pumps; Coefficient of performance; Hybrid heat; Electricity; Heat capacity rate; Thermal energy storage","score_opus":0.007839037372819276,"score_gpt":0.1969194610063092,"score_spread":0.18908042363348992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7098135176","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9087522,0.000010610797,0.05665598,0.000045451106,0.000032160064,0.00006880544,0.000001894336,0.00010518253,0.03432773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99539983,0.0000019678357,0.00019111647,0.000017571969,0.000083529376,0.000030758303,0.000021308557,0.000016274773,0.0042376495],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901694,0.000057357945,0.000293829,0.0002217006,0.00022631379,0.0001838697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928474,0.00002694861,0.00010258775,0.00043989086,0.000091941714,0.00005391608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020929067,0.00011510498,0.00029104043,0.00018160451,0.00012540873,0.000026655423,0.00014512475,0.00006164448,0.00009275879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034946077,0.00008561012,0.00009690622,0.00068648194,0.000050473023,0.00009763855,0.000025429184,0.000042576296,0.00003627211],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049744536,0.00004936359,0.009763952,0.00011608457,0.00068667514,3.3771204e-7,0.00014499172,0.8978011,0.0085290745,0.08139362,0.000045998928,0.0014190514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003266072,0.000069866845,0.069663204,0.00004836352,0.00047617432,0.000007057895,0.00021270795,0.92088544,0.0032711406,0.00000344062,0.004870424,0.0001655925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07070831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0095614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08664764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033403332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013069141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93547994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100247032","doi":"","title":"Diminishing Energy Consumption in Heating and Cooling Passive Houses Using Geothermal Energy","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Energy consumption; Heat exchanger; Consumption (sociology); Energy (signal processing); Section (typography); Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.03226753162579448,"score_gpt":0.25773576670625814,"score_spread":0.22546823508046365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100247032","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98569834,0.00072647457,0.007858225,0.000040822495,0.0001259762,0.00004166935,0.0000025819515,0.00011423682,0.0053916853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976338,0.00006472387,0.0011793998,0.00034600694,0.00032977984,0.000048806738,0.000008520148,0.00004825033,0.0003407203],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986959,0.00009287784,0.0003612958,0.00024237038,0.00013433806,0.00047319755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993901,0.00012756407,0.00013023372,0.00018739243,0.000026432312,0.00013822835],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015009186,0.00019348208,0.00023053556,0.000121280296,0.0001797534,0.00006500481,0.000086811124,0.00012553869,0.00016063622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018545443,0.00018206082,0.000041389958,0.00014722842,0.000057297177,0.00037713803,0.00006710371,0.0000795802,0.0000057730613],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031776195,0.00017187014,0.07543363,0.00004542301,0.00006484028,0.000006403143,0.001247793,0.14311688,0.044075705,0.69826686,0.000027140575,0.037511684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034574887,0.00009182085,0.17283201,0.0006480733,0.00013581458,0.00038832772,0.0040277964,0.68070257,0.060175233,0.0018926419,0.0729947,0.0026535268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0899255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035473104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69637424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006307441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016137028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9161348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100627322","doi":"","title":"Portlands Energy Centre – Terrestrial Environment","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Train; Power station; General partnership; Electricity; Electricity generation; Energy (signal processing)","score_opus":0.008721713505603508,"score_gpt":0.18594972965877016,"score_spread":0.17722801615316666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100627322","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.032483373,0.00007026378,0.00236897,0.00030534077,0.00021446704,0.000056047636,0.000002445931,0.000114316645,0.9643848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91550845,0.000015407111,0.00038257462,0.00016708388,0.0001292623,0.000024386902,0.000018945508,0.00001706046,0.08373686],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992785,0.000035211655,0.00017877802,0.00018985588,0.000119265984,0.00019840244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957585,0.000012319734,0.000043154843,0.0002721567,0.0000039401143,0.00009256983],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000051639217,0.000106749205,0.00010368395,0.000024260391,0.000063684885,0.000016776012,0.000080052596,0.000062295396,0.008124306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048738375,0.00008606357,0.000060190516,0.000051952786,0.000017680575,0.000030445015,0.000011852457,0.000030860276,0.00042191776],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041417934,0.00008416454,0.00032944878,0.000001012087,0.000024587693,0.000004100789,0.000027011956,0.006631767,0.001404874,0.9821286,0.003474105,0.0058861487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035580606,0.000008994977,0.00025840555,0.0000016853002,0.0000058343057,0.0000056214317,0.000053387226,0.00024524465,0.0035948264,0.001315881,0.99403554,0.00011877067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069429274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004585951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9905614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002180823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000132687865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996699},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7101101651","doi":"","title":"Domestic Hot Water Heating in Zero Net Energy Homes. Department de Genie Mecanique. Ecole Polytechnique de","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"TRNSYS; Zero-energy building; Photovoltaic system; Heat pump; Electricity; Electric power; Solar energy; Thermal energy; Electricity generation; Renewable energy","score_opus":0.01365262944346556,"score_gpt":0.24385463546679134,"score_spread":0.23020200602332577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7101101651","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82507634,0.00019997048,0.085174456,0.0007515934,0.00010209669,0.0003224149,0.000007710447,0.0005169129,0.087848485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98575795,0.000013977154,0.0073529948,0.0008808115,0.000098709526,0.00067046966,0.00004005955,0.00004809462,0.0051369313],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984831,0.000117900694,0.0003575302,0.00028503404,0.00015052207,0.00060591503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992402,0.00003578796,0.00005009569,0.00035867273,0.000045291385,0.0002699064],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039607534,0.00020207994,0.00023721332,0.00011170484,0.000064610096,0.00004608612,0.00021152027,0.00015443577,0.00022281651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000016120292,0.00015649085,0.000061891806,0.00015664026,0.000027067603,0.00007691029,0.00007800769,0.00009983497,0.000052215786],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056646073,0.0003891327,0.005854116,0.000032398555,0.000074912175,0.00009958644,0.0009490498,0.47579867,0.05272619,0.45437583,0.0043694656,0.005273994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002499448,0.00031032736,0.0065481164,0.000102989965,0.000048918533,0.00034317712,0.00043111586,0.07530465,0.42317244,0.057288826,0.43258822,0.001361771],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11160005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016002765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42821875,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038605492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017652179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8943159},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7104044863","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103515","title":"Latest trends and new approaches in ground source heat pump systems: A comprehensive review of performance, sustainability, and future directions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nexen (Canada)","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education","keywords":"Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Heat exchanger; Cold climate; Carbon neutrality; Neutrality; Latitude; Agency (philosophy)","score_opus":0.021075539032307685,"score_gpt":0.24468198731790766,"score_spread":0.22360644828559997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7104044863","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80704653,0.15912278,0.000119599965,0.0086083785,0.00020783329,0.00076384004,0.000018019013,0.00011974677,0.023993256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593864,0.027666874,0.000052875756,0.00026204047,0.0001705328,0.00015605916,0.00002175469,0.000030814354,0.012252645],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990533,0.00007128284,0.00035320636,0.00025812516,0.00007840519,0.00018569484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994481,0.000057529123,0.0000736822,0.00029726842,0.00006480545,0.00005856561],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000132694,0.00016269143,0.00037100527,0.000161775,0.000089264955,0.000027742371,0.00009277881,0.00010067129,0.000015968575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008315308,0.0001442516,0.0000420996,0.0005775684,0.000094326555,0.000074984346,0.0000592461,0.000112012945,8.775089e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006129957,0.00033956426,0.016772326,0.033149347,0.00025728103,0.0000029127962,0.0023791678,0.058625676,0.0001285402,0.2555126,0.00059084134,0.63218045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004542278,0.00003003675,0.027924206,0.0012735697,0.000047579262,0.00002284261,0.0011563344,0.012447016,0.000009806469,0.0002578466,0.9561988,0.00017770095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012047958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061587396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.955608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060439328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006602693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945309},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7105981395","doi":"10.7939/83531","title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of Ground-Source and Dual-Source Heat Pumps for Canadian Climates","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Alberta Library","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Heat exchanger; Heat capacity; Volumetric heat capacity; Borehole; Monte Carlo method; Degree (music); Operative temperature","score_opus":0.0047407054606144906,"score_gpt":0.1758026931965899,"score_spread":0.1710619877359754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7105981395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91154075,0.00019514748,0.00003251801,0.00034812707,0.00005696911,0.00022962947,0.00017994513,0.000034812303,0.08738213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.73202777,0.0001373036,0.00025868227,0.000041124214,0.000025832502,0.0000035361527,0.005707696,0.000035579684,0.26176247],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991978,0.000019719575,0.00023152368,0.000313675,0.00005443829,0.00018286338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915075,0.00018849979,0.00018711998,0.00032462602,0.000037036552,0.000111957415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003171676,0.0001838407,0.0005178994,0.0008383646,0.00017228384,0.000020772686,0.00026091322,0.00029725948,0.00045109438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007505371,0.00022906042,0.0002254474,0.00043911647,0.000051274397,0.00018297974,0.000040139043,0.00007914669,0.0000043311547],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006452912,0.00025027103,0.022067862,0.0028298737,0.014313574,0.000006822637,0.018756337,0.52840626,0.0011000582,0.39270794,0.0063710185,0.012544707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008522319,0.00007697958,0.018145718,0.00032963877,0.003673583,0.0000016413328,0.014772978,0.0687194,0.0013102052,0.00041838936,0.8909459,0.0007533415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.95061576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8480539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8845749,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046295612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025934697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93408126},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7106032985","doi":"10.7939/83032","title":"Investigating the Geothermal Energy Potential and Permafrost Structure in Nunavut with Magnetotelluric Data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Alberta Library","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Magnetotellurics; Permafrost; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Fossil fuel; Inversion (geology); Electrical resistivity tomography; Groundwater","score_opus":0.005895745659383066,"score_gpt":0.1707617834461226,"score_spread":0.16486603778673956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7106032985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9519724,0.00056877785,0.000012348356,0.0005269401,0.000082237384,0.00014796176,0.00021797992,0.000028526472,0.046442814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.862883,0.00015370037,0.00036494763,0.00013460843,0.00008064714,8.8965083e-7,0.009348812,0.000042320316,0.12699112],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989897,0.0000816462,0.00018132733,0.0004216181,0.0001461479,0.00017955805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895495,0.00010053781,0.00021766819,0.0006469759,0.000020798916,0.0000590598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025675026,0.0002285559,0.0002751861,0.00014739417,0.00017649178,0.000040386207,0.00081506046,0.00023736157,0.0005692982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006473355,0.00019120102,0.00003713182,0.0003091592,0.00011442343,0.0004045755,0.00021879008,0.000233987,0.0000017545973],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016809691,0.0006020919,0.052993655,0.0037204856,0.0022605343,0.00028311744,0.056299448,0.1745729,0.009438976,0.60095465,0.01463349,0.08255965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0046156463,0.00022177903,0.32671273,0.00263857,0.0009447889,0.00007285953,0.03601993,0.077689916,0.0013881869,0.0037757044,0.54345125,0.0024686633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09123406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14335197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.597179,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009622959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002271981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9148175},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7112018176","doi":"","title":"Stand der Technik von Erdwärmesystemen: Luft-Erdregister - État de l’art du système géothermique : puits canadien","year":2014,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Term (time); Context (archaeology)","score_opus":0.007841976931172431,"score_gpt":0.20649360727102606,"score_spread":0.1986516303398536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7112018176","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0348502,0.0036447924,0.07719977,0.019123178,0.002213839,0.002545994,0.00020639393,0.0011711221,0.85904473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8503017,0.00009447395,0.00041234226,0.001115922,0.0015634368,0.0005524531,0.00004745544,0.00019973994,0.14571252],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956774,0.00046491856,0.001081709,0.0009468346,0.0004630856,0.0013660692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969235,0.00016317789,0.00045509255,0.0015098139,0.0002530496,0.0006953568],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011029536,0.00071756606,0.00084095984,0.0002211435,0.00046753837,0.00029472823,0.0007420201,0.0006180276,0.0017470516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007746652,0.00064975483,0.0002697541,0.0004336845,0.00016843609,0.00019612009,0.00014762397,0.0003099869,0.0019364272],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007130099,0.00041674715,0.005152369,0.0015044657,0.0011619022,0.00009459832,0.0015486653,0.01733282,0.0053875768,0.791863,0.16508591,0.010380605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008606701,0.00013841709,0.0009092704,0.00044457658,0.00019360098,0.00010421369,0.0003253543,0.015413871,0.0008009035,0.00088910223,0.97907215,0.0008478696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.087041914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.061268438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81545144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009731737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000398274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7113245790","doi":"","title":"A Relook at Canada’s Western Canada Sedimentary Basin for Power Generation and Direct-Use Energy Production","year":2020,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Renewable energy; Electricity generation; Sedimentary rock; Fossil fuel; Geothermal power; Structural basin","score_opus":0.02185259494412417,"score_gpt":0.17889429781254904,"score_spread":0.15704170286842487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7113245790","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767459,0.0007015819,0.00051774154,0.019111319,0.00043885256,0.0004563858,0.0011947209,0.00003667623,0.00079682533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871302,0.000118949785,0.00035513463,0.0014779991,0.00019709379,0.000004682813,0.00060018926,0.000048044345,0.01006771],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976177,0.00023868763,0.0003969676,0.0008079381,0.0005100903,0.00042861525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99791217,0.00011207038,0.00041932755,0.00059517013,0.00041892688,0.0005423577],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013265997,0.00037361318,0.00053753884,0.00010045782,0.001327273,0.00014392853,0.00041322646,0.0001501201,0.00012532037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005828029,0.0004990451,0.000112712005,0.00040902343,0.000131063,0.0012922127,0.00029305049,0.00026111037,0.0000025115253],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011425563,0.0005148333,0.50995064,0.0003893537,0.0027483332,0.00019043848,0.0034331637,0.056883533,0.005453056,0.006033619,0.4032013,0.010059159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008563085,0.00013824501,0.158527,0.000038813345,0.0002761728,0.000008217073,0.0003354769,0.003251325,0.0003455233,0.0000027648623,0.83575803,0.00046214327],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9984678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99993175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4325567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00086702255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018915652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7115612256","doi":"","title":"Building a Canadian well in Argentina: Analysis of alternatives to achieve adequate air quality","year":2025,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Conicet","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quality (philosophy); Poison control; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.019149996388277312,"score_gpt":0.32256813228071823,"score_spread":0.30341813589244093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7115612256","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95115507,0.00062614377,0.0009338251,0.0026471457,0.00017616228,0.00021412222,0.0001921674,0.000018100849,0.044037253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99491894,0.00003402546,0.00018697736,0.00050700206,0.000037331396,0.00008801028,0.00002671037,0.000015060309,0.0041859616],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808705,0.00022050421,0.0006980451,0.00043537805,0.00013656136,0.0004224871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987412,0.00013761145,0.0002092387,0.0006015807,0.00011152418,0.0001988267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047611483,0.00019858434,0.000620798,0.0010778296,0.00008313972,0.000038394774,0.00041370137,0.0001225956,0.0004190649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006333243,0.00021601991,0.00022129141,0.0024881153,0.00005076544,0.000053702253,0.000087241424,0.00013357353,0.00006049055],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003853133,0.00010243889,0.037513018,0.00008845392,0.0017740141,0.000005417157,0.0007652096,0.2104034,0.0013859704,0.7432767,0.00013112619,0.004515692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005374943,0.00003473173,0.73443395,0.00027296948,0.00058487675,2.0000483e-7,0.00074399,0.011842681,0.002292075,0.0006910865,0.24819005,0.00037591576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.85455245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.73639435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74258566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021646051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027596747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8809036},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7115917243","doi":"10.71846/17-wcee-1357","title":"INPUT AND HYSTERETIC ENERGY DEMANDS FOR THE SEISMICITY OF SOUTHWESTERN CANADA","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Conference of Earthquake Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Induced seismicity; Energy (signal processing); Seismic energy; Field (mathematics); Seismotectonics","score_opus":0.0135408686513629,"score_gpt":0.19235281892137943,"score_spread":0.17881195027001653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7115917243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8590511,0.00070212525,0.13340761,0.0014102625,0.00031690355,0.0002444797,0.000045775814,0.000046915662,0.004774816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99749404,0.0000067268124,0.00016791486,0.00006450085,0.000028424174,0.000053554435,0.0000034316793,0.000009132733,0.0021722838],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994041,0.000008792844,0.00025097613,0.00012241096,0.00007648385,0.00013726021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993936,0.00019715665,0.000075408265,0.00022241873,0.00008102829,0.000030382103],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006666234,0.000103947015,0.00019600219,0.00006402586,0.000040443312,0.000013420129,0.00014662817,0.000027488708,0.000012325925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019398934,0.000083921674,0.000036692265,0.00015932668,0.000031671123,0.000024260184,0.0000342508,0.000046005887,1.1660538e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010242252,0.000012279794,0.0012717559,0.0002218668,0.00011816839,3.7830006e-7,0.00013005847,0.25907084,0.0029509766,0.713662,0.00008087081,0.022470513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010378162,0.0000464458,0.14289667,0.00067738275,0.00012264558,0.0000033208187,0.0002620181,0.5203428,0.017462505,0.001327043,0.31538552,0.0004358294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.346089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.45600337,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.712335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000010219054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000110726905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6582654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116694327","doi":"10.18280/mmep.121124","title":"A Free Online Tool for the Design of Borehole Heat Exchanger Fields in Geothermal Heat Pump Applications at 10 and 25-Year Horizons","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Borehole; Heat pump; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating","score_opus":0.023366495158982415,"score_gpt":0.22131236873063156,"score_spread":0.19794587357164914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116694327","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.036180668,0.00065288483,0.9617235,0.0004921234,0.000015274338,0.0006109575,0.000023566408,0.000049195576,0.00025183172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729526,0.00015722167,0.023440078,0.000037477446,0.000062658255,0.0016257974,0.000011508745,0.00003813852,0.001674507],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992395,0.000011125902,0.000296792,0.00018764035,0.00007006704,0.00019484955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992346,0.0003847701,0.000019446305,0.00029631372,0.000028297405,0.000036540358],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021473183,0.00013450348,0.00021952695,0.000063876956,0.00008327344,0.000023004897,0.00012835396,0.000098626806,0.00001706495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020852203,0.000100674544,0.000040184543,0.00013140358,0.000037705304,0.000028667744,0.000061029663,0.000089090914,0.0000013443973],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000067728456,0.00004895195,0.000005517327,0.0003609291,0.000023656039,6.8702064e-8,0.00018332264,0.8967596,0.0007863437,0.10146281,0.000023647102,0.0003383421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000349048,0.000025792018,0.0000263481,0.000164958,0.000026619226,0.0000019838722,0.000030268393,0.9807007,0.00021239495,0.013589407,0.0047673527,0.000105133215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029687514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000036059875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93828344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017657729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008713766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41053888},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116978746","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5955474","title":"Numerical Examination of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics of Hybrid Nanofluids for Improved Geothermal Energy Extraction in Closed-Loop Systems","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Heat transfer; Working fluid; Geothermal energy; Thermal energy; Thermal; Geothermal heating; Fluid dynamics; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.0074659399466597744,"score_gpt":0.2279540326260668,"score_spread":0.22048809267940703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116978746","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55330807,0.0082834205,0.43489078,0.00018709086,0.0014768293,0.0010838141,0.0004154715,0.000028500226,0.0003260391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781348,0.01808765,0.00011916571,0.00002018492,0.00058406196,0.00040430494,0.0002126637,0.00010199201,0.0023351891],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9930305,0.00063290115,0.0029462613,0.0008447786,0.00043400854,0.0021115765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99760824,0.0003090658,0.000598281,0.0005904163,0.000724139,0.0001698342],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002682715,0.00076564885,0.0017443077,0.00066997285,0.00022665512,0.00009284075,0.00054589147,0.0006282238,0.000032946562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007278942,0.00079554255,0.0005363464,0.0003754213,0.0001531862,0.00023966406,0.00007616122,0.0018021205,7.213419e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014669094,0.0014245792,0.000176648,0.0022134713,0.0018266431,0.000004390082,0.00049866503,0.17685488,0.27199244,0.2370805,0.000009844028,0.30645102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005685308,0.0017111652,0.0028399457,0.0019473869,0.00076648366,0.00071854924,0.0012367713,0.93612105,0.035185903,0.004888266,0.0075352774,0.0013639138],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0118782455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008677239,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75926614,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012875358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027907824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117367642","doi":"10.1177/17442591251403223","title":"In-situ evaluation of a fuel-switching heating system in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Lessons learned","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Building Physics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Electrification; Greenhouse gas; HVAC; Efficient energy use; Energy consumption; Fuel efficiency; Renewable heat; Heating system; Energy conservation","score_opus":0.02902035588146504,"score_gpt":0.30470352334405165,"score_spread":0.2756831674625866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117367642","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98736197,0.00029947117,0.0019362834,0.0009543892,0.00025444763,0.00010379978,7.981876e-7,0.000004086006,0.009084759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99938154,0.000006211833,0.00030320283,0.000043316762,0.00014321496,0.000011026737,6.578082e-7,0.000012400728,0.00009843723],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841845,0.00015462216,0.00072762,0.000121549674,0.0004064982,0.00017124153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988539,0.0001705054,0.0005439099,0.00016675865,0.00022842534,0.000036472302],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009935525,0.00010875901,0.00035588405,0.00014125621,0.000045892022,0.000018106128,0.00017511229,0.000052518335,0.0000028129828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000091968264,0.000104629136,0.00007425996,0.00048503416,0.000008597384,0.00015352308,0.000026491869,0.0002198558,3.0262225e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012686767,0.000055627846,0.0010773155,0.00012399668,0.000048633956,0.0000033385954,0.0005467987,0.7829264,0.0366652,0.16532321,0.000039739414,0.013177063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010026494,0.00014273083,0.08227785,0.013686389,0.00062461867,0.000079847734,0.0097705005,0.72246945,0.082411304,0.06405215,0.013325194,0.0011335058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8084122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.78115815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10127106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075331563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00088821887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42666522},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117410149","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129595","title":"Optimal operating strategies for borehole thermal energy storage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Heat transfer; Thermal energy storage; Borehole; Thermal; Flow (mathematics); Work (physics); Waste heat; Volume (thermodynamics)","score_opus":0.0067809665209550805,"score_gpt":0.2052300035809609,"score_spread":0.19844903706000583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117410149","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.58642894,0.00038907863,0.28505048,0.0001503479,0.0003782803,0.00044566704,0.000019831436,0.00074732164,0.12639005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918037,0.0000024170324,0.0051810103,0.00019653447,0.00034067218,0.0010126184,0.00003765152,0.00007859031,0.0013467843],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865305,0.000012130497,0.00035619206,0.0003703682,0.00012465288,0.0004836164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993341,0.00009488499,0.0000647095,0.00038368444,0.00004711942,0.00007551133],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014206652,0.00030691669,0.00029266762,0.000114464376,0.0002119233,0.00014175403,0.00032890923,0.00014973049,0.000073148076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000786297,0.0002976952,0.00011713391,0.0002544337,0.000030401487,0.00013567285,0.00007468907,0.00014147391,0.000013999694],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000068661398,0.000014134281,0.0000014086158,0.000021046246,0.000042445805,5.814121e-7,0.000070506365,0.45620686,0.1640235,0.3774019,0.000023776363,0.002186989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001773177,0.00005232577,0.00095031626,0.000098100165,0.00007275744,0.000003783966,0.0010074876,0.69297075,0.08010621,0.0006315108,0.22135562,0.0009779789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007875017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027213584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4053748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054709166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000074347925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117588329","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110397","title":"Thermal conductivity of soils by weighted average model with transitional air/water inter-phase","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal conductivity; Soil water; Porosity; Quartz; Heat transfer; Residual; Standard deviation; Thermal","score_opus":0.01934922218932087,"score_gpt":0.2776679687784287,"score_spread":0.2583187465891078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117588329","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8583043,0.00022323917,0.09473615,0.008485672,0.00005388394,0.0002507716,0.00021767236,0.00004195155,0.037686337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971058,0.00009458371,0.0009771113,0.00025380816,0.0000108291515,0.00021418337,0.00030126586,0.000013732357,0.0010287095],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990877,0.00008126876,0.0003608433,0.00019743276,0.00013542647,0.00013732944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992695,0.0000808341,0.000014323774,0.00046483046,0.00012903975,0.000041486757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014125301,0.00014093527,0.00019250369,0.00015959205,0.000095216536,0.000019401023,0.00043084926,0.00008199502,0.000156546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000028539544,0.00011043761,0.000056595254,0.00011904907,0.00021661761,0.0001795582,0.00003748628,0.00018576803,0.0000030769036],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039812105,0.0013345985,0.0010181712,0.000053249387,0.000339189,0.0000015461734,0.001208775,0.10113161,0.3978031,0.49329546,0.00011531878,0.0033008817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008555844,0.00013520605,0.0012117154,0.00036351522,0.00010389355,0.000010880154,0.00033778173,0.79036117,0.122987784,0.0157016,0.05960502,0.0006255683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014567187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007834926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68922955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047467915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004461542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4503515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117761909","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.116677","title":"Characteristics, design, and optimization of earth-air heat exchangers: A review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Heat exchanger; TRNSYS; Thermal; Heat transfer; Transient (computer programming); Heat transfer coefficient; Range (aeronautics); Thermal conduction","score_opus":0.01436708422559658,"score_gpt":0.2410991660068628,"score_spread":0.22673208178126622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117761909","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00036900482,0.7039559,0.2734902,0.0012666915,0.000086841465,0.0010544326,0.0000042608117,0.000081579514,0.019691095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.014388398,0.8987729,0.005311309,0.0019172389,0.0000818233,0.0006987827,0.000059476468,0.00003711039,0.078732975],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834895,0.00023374755,0.00063829543,0.00034176605,0.00009212276,0.00034511092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990585,0.0000720437,0.00017947229,0.00040567658,0.00019036933,0.000093960836],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007405472,0.00022887532,0.0007503181,0.00013114362,0.0001813678,0.00003105014,0.00012269175,0.00010212197,0.00009000514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012224149,0.00019147094,0.000081429665,0.0005237664,0.00006858487,0.00014775041,0.00010375582,0.000051190127,0.0000015160805],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008057269,0.00028079373,0.00019036098,0.03673942,0.0002488457,0.000026245842,0.00019648134,0.4217932,0.002031304,0.3929192,0.01735914,0.12813446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022576943,0.000042008058,0.000029918754,0.0021974365,0.00010074921,0.0000070294063,0.00007992642,0.007938165,0.0006053519,0.00062532973,0.98795974,0.00018859055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009772567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010515559,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9706006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000022317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000080567435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99682146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7118270072","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18153471","title":"Relative Moment Tensor Analysis of the DEEP Heat Enhanced Geothermal System, Finland","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Induced seismicity; Heat flow; Fracture (geology); Moment (physics); Geothermal energy; Yield (engineering); Permeability (electromagnetism); Magnitude (astronomy)","score_opus":0.013240593949245809,"score_gpt":0.2238996230963676,"score_spread":0.21065902914712178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7118270072","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22299641,0.00014891019,0.033148587,0.0010288657,0.00014319048,0.0006736144,0.00019238253,0.00043080616,0.7412372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99127567,0.000008077073,0.000049992464,0.00006224108,0.000029638673,2.9454685e-7,0.00013938104,0.00024033595,0.008194388],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987031,0.00025740743,0.00031423187,0.00028068555,0.00023368909,0.00021088442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988739,0.000027106946,0.00010988975,0.0005806303,0.00035312783,0.000055336783],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028948806,0.00011317929,0.00021424121,0.00024414904,0.0010552912,0.0001145184,0.0006494024,0.00005890718,0.0035526687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007251744,0.000087613276,0.0001316315,0.0015924666,0.00011225767,0.000073257725,0.00039937085,0.00012192934,0.0006530038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009919062,0.00026383047,0.00009044402,0.00022091846,0.0023072006,0.0000022195338,0.0025738478,0.26990074,0.0393062,0.65661407,0.0054293247,0.023192009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005156647,0.00004796468,0.013138389,0.000079440564,0.0002988218,0.0000047414114,0.0007940688,0.023582099,0.0038616825,0.00011545872,0.95740217,0.00015950727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005620401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010604625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95197284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013901595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036715892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7118420552","doi":"10.15377/2409-5818.2025.12.1","title":"Optimization of Solar Photovoltaics Tilt Angle for Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Heat Pump Applications in Extreme Cold Climate Regions of Northwestern Ontario, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Goldcorp; Northwestern University","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Renewable energy; Solar irradiance; Tilt (camera); Solar energy; Photovoltaics; Irradiance","score_opus":0.02455933704872638,"score_gpt":0.2742700702506925,"score_spread":0.24971073320196613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7118420552","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.867993,0.01013188,0.10557915,0.0053171166,0.0007500493,0.0024920611,0.0027859332,0.00009671465,0.004854079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99522233,0.0015035799,0.001947495,0.00006880754,0.00006867961,0.0003295717,0.00014585255,0.00004843146,0.0006652612],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9947035,0.00027786804,0.0024122382,0.00060101715,0.000794891,0.0012105311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99434966,0.00033819673,0.001065498,0.0010704685,0.002948766,0.00022738926],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011180622,0.00046124324,0.0012355706,0.0012883495,0.0004279397,0.000057252848,0.0017102988,0.00058841397,0.00009732065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013136349,0.0004665614,0.00029144392,0.0032212376,0.0008568793,0.00025423194,0.0004597865,0.0007698299,7.290324e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054785213,0.001614944,0.06727779,0.00041945194,0.0009957534,0.000053786687,0.0000703876,0.6540703,0.013183615,0.25763097,0.0020723646,0.0020627202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009556523,0.002052204,0.0042736605,0.003207654,0.0007161205,0.00036842324,0.0055727363,0.06500321,0.33112147,0.023257691,0.55323386,0.001636459],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.886101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.96896017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58906716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016203932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005520801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7118533937","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18153470","title":"Relative Moment Tensor Analysis of the DEEP Heat Enhanced Geothermal System, Finland","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; University of British Columbia","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Induced seismicity; Heat flow; Fracture (geology); Moment (physics); Geothermal energy; Yield (engineering); Permeability (electromagnetism); Magnitude (astronomy)","score_opus":0.013240593949245809,"score_gpt":0.2238996230963676,"score_spread":0.21065902914712178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7118533937","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22299641,0.00014891019,0.033148587,0.0010288657,0.00014319048,0.0006736144,0.00019238253,0.00043080616,0.7412372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99127567,0.000008077073,0.000049992464,0.00006224108,0.000029638673,2.9454685e-7,0.00013938104,0.00024033595,0.008194388],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987031,0.00025740743,0.00031423187,0.00028068555,0.00023368909,0.00021088442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988739,0.000027106946,0.00010988975,0.0005806303,0.00035312783,0.000055336783],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028948806,0.00011317929,0.00021424121,0.00024414904,0.0010552912,0.0001145184,0.0006494024,0.00005890718,0.0035526687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007251744,0.000087613276,0.0001316315,0.0015924666,0.00011225767,0.000073257725,0.00039937085,0.00012192934,0.0006530038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009919062,0.00026383047,0.00009044402,0.00022091846,0.0023072006,0.0000022195338,0.0025738478,0.26990074,0.0393062,0.65661407,0.0054293247,0.023192009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005156647,0.00004796468,0.013138389,0.000079440564,0.0002988218,0.0000047414114,0.0007940688,0.023582099,0.0038616825,0.00011545872,0.95740217,0.00015950727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005620401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010604625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95197284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013901595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000036715892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7124537499","doi":"10.15377/2409-5818.2025.12.3","title":"Experimental Evaluation of a Simulated Geothermal Heat Pump System for Potential Large-Scale Space Heating Application at TBRHSC in Severe Cold Climate in Northwestern Ontario, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Goldcorp; Lakehead University; Northwestern University","keywords":"Thunder; Heat pump; Renewable heat; Heating system; Geothermal gradient; Energy consumption; Thermal; Thermal comfort; Air source heat pumps","score_opus":0.012797693922184643,"score_gpt":0.30212457785463276,"score_spread":0.2893268839324481,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7124537499","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927638,0.0033856265,0.00045954238,0.00078503037,0.00029236017,0.0009241701,0.00023399609,0.000026884738,0.0011285471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99899215,0.00007044898,0.00016071503,0.00003103398,0.00007013694,0.00031904253,0.00009060504,0.00003820339,0.00022767977],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9937406,0.00071093405,0.0021527559,0.00070051843,0.0013525638,0.0013426077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962337,0.0001710728,0.00074735814,0.00069099385,0.0019813671,0.0001754768],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031750998,0.00043949654,0.0010539489,0.001013046,0.00039828365,0.00006107821,0.0009376998,0.0007350099,0.00008746632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006178407,0.00045716323,0.00018608371,0.002357614,0.00026690285,0.0001897799,0.00052907073,0.00064912037,0.000001911374],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008921986,0.0007275084,0.06834276,0.00021051434,0.00029291378,0.000043946104,0.00014670225,0.8709484,0.03077343,0.026570408,0.00013187542,0.0009193807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.020781333,0.0009823417,0.013842623,0.0034746656,0.00032874002,0.0004001698,0.017799005,0.7490893,0.1741503,0.0012098235,0.016911265,0.0010304354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.93762714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9876329,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14337687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009671579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0035318567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7124557992","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18294042","title":"A Systems-Level Framework for Integrating Geothermal Energy, AI Data Centres, Underground Infrastructure, and Vertical Hydroponics in Alberta","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Repurposing; Renewable energy; Geothermal gradient; Trenchless technology; Resource (disambiguation); Geothermal energy; Electricity","score_opus":0.0423037296355761,"score_gpt":0.27685788265454864,"score_spread":0.23455415301897253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7124557992","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.026084367,0.0029594325,0.7575446,0.009290926,0.0021575817,0.0049151396,0.010813418,0.0020851102,0.18414946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795433,0.00025254328,0.0023048532,0.00039618413,0.00047722633,0.0000025177173,0.012707329,0.0014957396,0.002820251],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996999,0.00042722965,0.0006502405,0.0010520435,0.0003168475,0.00055459375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755985,0.00022662606,0.00017898285,0.0015056466,0.00033639645,0.00019249083],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005239986,0.0003678688,0.00044320914,0.00028429314,0.00098137,0.0012277674,0.0020026402,0.0004483067,0.0006826258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010272864,0.0003774942,0.00006729911,0.0003859985,0.00016516894,0.00018892952,0.0049659894,0.000811803,0.00009317083],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007541593,0.00011158678,0.000012062684,0.00047248192,0.00015956165,0.000004404056,0.0004529307,0.026287239,0.000090780224,0.9365582,0.013773856,0.02200148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048443305,0.000040999264,0.000256265,0.00051739847,0.000043632634,0.000030280049,0.0002799135,0.15720206,0.000017083798,0.012028231,0.8287503,0.00034938738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015487027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041920826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95345896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028811314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038865575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7124596612","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18294041","title":"A Systems-Level Framework for Integrating Geothermal Energy, AI Data Centres, Underground Infrastructure, and Vertical Hydroponics in Alberta","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Repurposing; Renewable energy; Geothermal gradient; Trenchless technology; Resource (disambiguation); Geothermal energy; Electricity","score_opus":0.0423037296355761,"score_gpt":0.27685788265454864,"score_spread":0.23455415301897253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7124596612","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.026084367,0.0029594325,0.7575446,0.009290926,0.0021575817,0.0049151396,0.010813418,0.0020851102,0.18414946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795433,0.00025254328,0.0023048532,0.00039618413,0.00047722633,0.0000025177173,0.012707329,0.0014957396,0.002820251],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996999,0.00042722965,0.0006502405,0.0010520435,0.0003168475,0.00055459375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755985,0.00022662606,0.00017898285,0.0015056466,0.00033639645,0.00019249083],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005239986,0.0003678688,0.00044320914,0.00028429314,0.00098137,0.0012277674,0.0020026402,0.0004483067,0.0006826258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010272864,0.0003774942,0.00006729911,0.0003859985,0.00016516894,0.00018892952,0.0049659894,0.000811803,0.00009317083],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007541593,0.00011158678,0.000012062684,0.00047248192,0.00015956165,0.000004404056,0.0004529307,0.026287239,0.000090780224,0.9365582,0.013773856,0.02200148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048443305,0.000040999264,0.000256265,0.00051739847,0.000043632634,0.000030280049,0.0002799135,0.15720206,0.000017083798,0.012028231,0.8287503,0.00034938738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015487027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041920826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95345896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028811314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038865575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7125609653","doi":"10.1306/09172524080","title":"Deep hydrothermal dolomitization in a superimposed basin that experienced multiple tectonic-thermal events","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AAPG Bulletin","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Dolomitization; Hydrothermal circulation; Structural basin; Diagenesis","score_opus":0.009705179683076461,"score_gpt":0.22781154053291042,"score_spread":0.21810636084983395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7125609653","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96402043,0.00025401628,0.0009940545,0.0012672099,0.00016916673,0.0004102156,0.0000035845346,0.00015391097,0.032727428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99434686,0.000009649096,0.00038075514,0.00062805606,0.00005676307,0.00056586857,0.000028380167,0.000038068985,0.0039455765],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984713,0.00016106247,0.0003731269,0.00041479754,0.00017724077,0.000402425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928457,0.00010972422,0.00008526493,0.0004182366,0.000036258407,0.000065955595],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019022927,0.00022452202,0.00026511296,0.00016938639,0.00014088921,0.000035433648,0.00030443713,0.0001695475,0.0021129146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056954632,0.00021959885,0.000095310046,0.000383578,0.000058054833,0.000058819438,0.00007019874,0.00014284022,0.0002721014],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006680765,0.0015958976,0.16597542,0.00019632399,0.0002242843,0.000057648485,0.0057957857,0.37589306,0.31997257,0.06972894,0.0014991515,0.05839283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005653679,0.00007418286,0.24733186,0.0002378855,0.000025110392,0.000011379675,0.0014091511,0.034848016,0.06534087,0.000325433,0.64387274,0.000869717],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011534384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012451304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64237356,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009592175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045757468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99879926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7126773135","doi":"","title":"Acercamiento a la modelación de la influencia de las fallas en un reservorio geotérmico","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Magazine Portal Bibliotech Digital (Universidad Nacional de Colombia)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Geothermal gradient; Fault (geology); Groundwater flow; Volcano; Numerical modeling; Numerical models","score_opus":0.004919328905453065,"score_gpt":0.24089842985449425,"score_spread":0.23597910094904118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7126773135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7610152,0.00012544039,0.00249516,0.0013526926,0.000045359666,0.0001915726,0.0001145476,0.0002747593,0.23438531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785916,0.0000725032,0.00062216434,0.00036964283,0.000065974586,0.000067442124,0.00011990833,0.000053455853,0.02003726],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99772716,0.00018804533,0.0003713937,0.00055630575,0.00042221678,0.00073485525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983914,0.0004281056,0.00015211245,0.0004998874,0.00019477135,0.00033372198],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055014814,0.00034968517,0.00035693322,0.0021339457,0.00025030752,0.0004282366,0.000738911,0.00059756957,0.00024826333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019461932,0.0004221477,0.00025981528,0.004694198,0.00022833429,0.0007930591,0.00039173916,0.0005291553,0.00019900872],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000167558,0.0005077308,0.017834028,0.00007935635,0.0003114031,0.00050326716,0.00024502544,0.059284177,0.017826863,0.8804887,0.014351654,0.008400217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023509907,0.00014827619,0.2529734,0.00015823361,0.0001195302,0.000414882,0.0006111992,0.019581812,0.0017257943,0.05842566,0.66261214,0.00087807036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015733268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005585029,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8220631,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004371314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007141533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7130321340","doi":"10.56952/igs-2025-0265","title":"Unravelling Deformation and Seismicity in Hot Dry Geothermal Reservoirs: New Insights from Real-Time Full-Field Displacement Laboratory Monitoring","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Induced seismicity; Geothermal energy; Cabin pressurization; Slip (aerodynamics); Fault (geology); Permeability (electromagnetism); Breakage; Geohazard; Rubble","score_opus":0.009630800483204582,"score_gpt":0.23568947581596128,"score_spread":0.2260586753327567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7130321340","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745066,0.0012401617,0.008473852,0.00084914383,0.00050088944,0.00046748915,0.00002394226,0.000109229324,0.01382866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885996,0.0010219999,0.0011728941,0.00031304144,0.0004949124,0.000086066095,0.000041743435,0.000045967943,0.00822376],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970372,0.00024109575,0.0011450942,0.0007118034,0.0003279072,0.00053695217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99830145,0.00032951357,0.0002823195,0.00071233994,0.00012745288,0.00024693814],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028259243,0.000477498,0.0005503636,0.0003315655,0.00033481783,0.00024459342,0.00033563975,0.00046106867,0.00045832232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003675274,0.0004733144,0.00008539484,0.0007937008,0.00005434018,0.00055918045,0.00022817538,0.00038406835,0.000118116666],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014078476,0.0007003136,0.022307862,0.00054997986,0.000733209,0.000024615998,0.010354115,0.5794505,0.2777871,0.08314089,0.0011784146,0.022365151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0064042704,0.00029941503,0.10718361,0.0037974608,0.00027488722,0.000001511485,0.008099206,0.64692146,0.15142791,0.0051971087,0.06826088,0.0021322595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2485144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0056901546,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24282424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027699,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029265156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7131174093","doi":"10.1115/imece2025-166874","title":"Performance Assessment of a Novel Drain Water Heat Recovery-Coupled Shallow Ground Source Heat Pump System in a Cold Climate","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Heat pump; Coefficient of performance; Heat recovery ventilation; Hybrid heat; Cooling load; Heat exchanger; Air source heat pumps; Geothermal energy; Renewable heat","score_opus":0.011394523966477811,"score_gpt":0.24265384887826794,"score_spread":0.23125932491179013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7131174093","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9260688,0.00015897737,0.008379758,0.0005940919,0.0005682708,0.0012101667,0.000045563975,0.0001343496,0.06284005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97841823,0.00017044388,0.00050361955,0.0002820554,0.00010740406,0.00086569245,0.000053475524,0.00008542138,0.019513646],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99481595,0.00018231195,0.0021732256,0.0010300581,0.0005350575,0.0012634033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99799865,0.00016190756,0.00017353383,0.0012559765,0.00022684624,0.00018309902],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013648034,0.00069534633,0.001318695,0.00050539605,0.00036758772,0.00019978288,0.00063428824,0.00047661352,0.00045322534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007869991,0.0005685002,0.00036317352,0.00088639295,0.00013377005,0.00035170562,0.000393473,0.00039471002,0.00006842831],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113630806,0.0010667184,0.006112075,0.0030283276,0.0003089786,0.0000044585963,0.00041037513,0.74505967,0.1594555,0.084035516,0.000020428026,0.00038432627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035546457,0.00020935384,0.007023843,0.0022714057,0.000118393575,0.000015446654,0.0015785607,0.96550804,0.00826353,0.000008089923,0.010837365,0.00061133865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.060731392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007375641,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22044836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00093099085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026838973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99967664},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132239359","doi":"","title":"Energy performance and GHG emissions reduction potential of natural gas driven heat pumps in Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gas compressor; Natural gas; Greenhouse gas; Storage heater; Heat pump; Combustion; Electricity; Gas engine; Renewable heat; Electricity generation","score_opus":0.004484276251265337,"score_gpt":0.17853684404674144,"score_spread":0.17405256779547612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132239359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924387,0.000058633374,0.000006090608,0.0006331427,0.00019521987,0.000036875866,0.000008793386,0.000010259154,0.006612321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99821013,0.000026955558,0.000083683735,0.00003917289,0.00005225972,0.00006384004,0.000022230275,0.000010211277,0.0014915033],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993296,0.00004101897,0.00017689592,0.00014487155,0.00016526022,0.00014232218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969685,0.000007820904,0.00004259906,0.00018592968,0.000019708952,0.000047116544],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000040354476,0.00006976208,0.00011050159,0.00004977278,0.00014258621,0.0000042735696,0.00012401432,0.000018254823,0.00039687482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002909167,0.000069030815,0.000019791547,0.00016249133,0.00002126283,0.000040632956,0.000090744215,0.00010350886,4.00582e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003759712,0.000048542635,0.001433418,0.000020408677,0.000019919406,0.0000060587677,0.0001914616,0.6017663,0.36505142,0.011515583,0.0013660933,0.018543214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015138467,0.000116181356,0.04008794,0.000062115185,0.000030194133,0.00028988303,0.002740828,0.77880967,0.03324331,0.001899077,0.14064535,0.0005615793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.918621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.43693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.481691,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016636607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020274354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5733445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132674008","doi":"","title":"A new method to determine heat loads in thermal storage and fluid transport through underground: Degree-hours","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Institutional Repository","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermal; Thermal energy storage; Heat load; Heat transfer; Heat flow; Current (fluid); Cooling load","score_opus":0.028447197853072842,"score_gpt":0.24930723396296545,"score_spread":0.2208600361098926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132674008","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83853775,0.0000416463,0.01770811,0.00022382241,0.000109451124,0.00017083572,0.000005932225,0.00007890567,0.14312355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850191,0.0000069018324,0.013700629,0.00006729156,0.00005738177,0.0000023589657,0.0000069527114,0.000006294516,0.0011330988],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987896,0.000031057167,0.00018920098,0.00040668042,0.00034597935,0.00023748886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955416,0.00006736272,0.00005133399,0.0001738,0.000028212948,0.00012515999],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029134232,0.00013279902,0.00019978697,0.00019438905,0.0005177665,0.000015256388,0.0003433135,0.0000825668,0.000029565956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000029838998,0.00013904797,0.000054694436,0.000810664,0.000405477,0.00022329527,0.00008063413,0.00008678356,0.000020457277],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001037641,0.000045348,0.0012712487,0.000019831223,0.0000246009,0.00008185343,0.0019927537,0.68589455,0.093774736,0.21220967,0.00009410075,0.00448753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007058636,0.0007704179,0.6614128,0.0006214658,0.00022057,0.000329567,0.022945838,0.04301952,0.05481953,0.01573125,0.1902504,0.0028200366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019690733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016552275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6601415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000101181744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003714801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9868372},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132923798","doi":"","title":"Influence of Climate on Open Earth-air Heat Exchanger Potential","year":2021,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Climate change; Air temperature; Climate model; Energy budget; Energy exchange; Global warming; Water cooling","score_opus":0.015032710410530638,"score_gpt":0.30670110198930384,"score_spread":0.2916683915787732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132923798","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89573455,0.00057277596,0.000023756587,0.00042627097,0.00043134257,0.0007018288,0.00006276473,0.000041345156,0.10200539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9198156,0.0011104794,0.00015441893,0.00025029096,0.00027019926,0.00038204936,0.00089719123,0.00013152642,0.07698822],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99668866,0.00024372296,0.0008791404,0.00096956926,0.00056747743,0.0006514279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972889,0.00007255924,0.00058355095,0.001317666,0.0005154626,0.00022187264],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028002844,0.0006295767,0.0010017677,0.00017648608,0.000355811,0.00015345025,0.00097235123,0.00061302964,0.002051037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004042128,0.0006616321,0.00031970753,0.000581911,0.000079624304,0.00018414194,0.00030217998,0.0004183362,0.00052187155],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029607923,0.00043427382,0.000047453606,0.000694905,0.00024435448,0.000033738826,0.004980788,0.87866485,0.08788593,0.023441566,0.00013395888,0.0031420847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065566986,0.0015619763,0.13314614,0.012188241,0.0011981988,0.00008872582,0.0473605,0.012159038,0.4298392,0.00036955875,0.35004157,0.0054901554],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05745881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055170334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8665058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051981522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025366805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7134026323","doi":"","title":"Advances in ground heat exchanger design methods","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Heat exchanger; Buoyancy; Heat pump; Flow (mathematics); Volume (thermodynamics); Grid; Thermal","score_opus":0.015680290860430816,"score_gpt":0.22462706161635201,"score_spread":0.2089467707559212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7134026323","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47044492,0.0021889245,0.21336538,0.0023824796,0.0013613196,0.002861362,0.00080363033,0.0012235552,0.30536842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86927766,0.0041328394,0.018344674,0.00014040832,0.00008942951,9.594689e-7,0.0002846789,0.00011522054,0.10761415],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.995326,0.00092486915,0.0004673982,0.0013743442,0.000490125,0.001417268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971834,0.00049069506,0.00038851157,0.0010241531,0.00038971813,0.00052351964],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043002865,0.0007396429,0.0011286306,0.0023854657,0.0008932614,0.00006408519,0.0018802349,0.00044622534,0.0012636085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040418763,0.0010294939,0.0005839294,0.004348368,0.0006943054,0.0019125933,0.00078312797,0.000577505,0.000086783504],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.009432183,0.0038715866,0.019352263,0.001617024,0.0021403388,0.007480336,0.015608205,0.16772173,0.01718609,0.48695922,0.0062567876,0.26237422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0065834722,0.00024770395,0.03517983,0.0004780708,0.00035131228,0.000024760271,0.018485362,0.006419175,0.0008561423,0.001357266,0.92868125,0.0013356326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017445786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015433162,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9224245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014632414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005549747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99964935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7134097427","doi":"","title":"État de l’art du système géothermique : puits canadien","year":2014,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Reflection (computer programming); Field (mathematics); Subject (documents)","score_opus":0.0067481106442573435,"score_gpt":0.1883120729958345,"score_spread":0.18156396235157715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7134097427","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10512334,0.0026915988,0.1711576,0.07871229,0.0008001906,0.00086542475,0.0001368867,0.00067937333,0.6398333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92029464,0.00040276014,0.0035406784,0.00043682885,0.00022559,0.00017982151,0.00022627003,0.00012174983,0.07457167],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9908028,0.006458499,0.000722472,0.00079401117,0.00037809575,0.0008440934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99399805,0.0013180533,0.00050818577,0.00227537,0.0013202125,0.0005801034],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005690454,0.00044567522,0.00048853015,0.00017329723,0.0007240141,0.00038625937,0.0012766073,0.00035525052,0.0007439686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001171567,0.00048646913,0.00024378597,0.00058832136,0.0002772702,0.00016010487,0.00028732215,0.0003646187,0.0010190961],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009148495,0.00044556518,0.0026492984,0.0001458183,0.00017133007,0.000008457791,0.00593758,0.0021843694,0.0036477009,0.93978274,0.0067654983,0.038252514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072445255,0.0000010255097,0.0041067624,0.0009952345,0.00009393599,0.000035219928,0.0001471171,0.07758128,0.007889435,0.0037292927,0.9040815,0.00061471143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08309107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08259051,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93605345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043735094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037407223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7135253626","doi":"","title":"Etude et Simulation de la récupération de l’énergie géothermique","year":2022,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"Dépôt Institutionnel de lUniversité de Tlemcen","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ventilation (architecture); Heat flow; Thermal management of electronic devices and systems; Heat flux","score_opus":0.01148658140562599,"score_gpt":0.26848927642931003,"score_spread":0.25700269502368406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7135253626","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5710565,0.0006580752,0.19720122,0.0010467353,0.00080773386,0.00086793216,0.00032565425,0.0006900361,0.22734612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9638171,0.0004252814,0.0031371044,0.00075891457,0.0004368989,0.00019728774,0.0023629083,0.00012648538,0.028738005],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961668,0.0013189868,0.0005643797,0.00067383616,0.0004176168,0.0008583595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99788165,0.00042007884,0.0005385401,0.000572809,0.0002223248,0.0003645866],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001178951,0.0005844526,0.0004658205,0.0004156034,0.0013899922,0.00020304037,0.000684026,0.0010648711,0.002660251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017688406,0.00075845944,0.00035563865,0.00068097503,0.00020148263,0.0005364984,0.00011255114,0.00100605,0.00016584888],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010907125,0.00020489901,0.0012766186,0.0001287809,0.00014789647,0.000084230305,0.009336114,0.6089973,0.0050998135,0.37325233,0.0003445245,0.0010184741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016206482,0.000087498614,0.02193078,0.0002957546,0.00041533768,0.00013673722,0.009019334,0.5403218,0.0013442034,0.004240244,0.419616,0.0009715993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.059492216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010890981,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4192715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003973205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021656102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7135322737","doi":"","title":"Etude numérique des phénomènes d’écoulement et d’échanges thermiques dans un Echangeur air/sol","year":2016,"lang":"fr","type":"dissertation","venue":"Dépôt Institutionnel de lUniversité de Tlemcen","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Freon; Fuel cells; Calendering","score_opus":0.015157244597392892,"score_gpt":0.23881029625329936,"score_spread":0.22365305165590646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7135322737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7238082,0.0019919083,0.09487954,0.0032803412,0.0012100262,0.0012726021,0.00093437237,0.0006852883,0.17193767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9384462,0.0026541946,0.0024660772,0.0006908661,0.00075279525,0.00033113937,0.0010819286,0.00015767252,0.053419095],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996263,0.00058441865,0.0006394279,0.00093023526,0.0004319315,0.0011509422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99752975,0.00014870282,0.00057984015,0.00080853736,0.00046308257,0.00047006932],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058736955,0.0009106196,0.00068839954,0.0003918346,0.0014533679,0.0001211957,0.001028617,0.001027692,0.0015647247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006007787,0.00088425283,0.00044350425,0.00037631916,0.0004087267,0.00063620316,0.00018575418,0.0005342777,0.0004684967],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001983875,0.0006973706,0.005380507,0.00074842985,0.0010391441,0.0002792195,0.122710556,0.028798142,0.043397173,0.7820312,0.00044206617,0.014277855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006711717,0.0006632987,0.0737701,0.0068431995,0.0012911005,0.00047077422,0.17522193,0.00857219,0.13125771,0.036814395,0.5528597,0.005523841],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.072182685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09734316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7452167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020060423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068823865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7135612545","doi":"","title":"Application of fluid inclusions in the study of hydrothermal ore deposits","year":2025,"lang":"cs","type":"dissertation","venue":"Digital Repository (National Repository of Grey Literature)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fluid inclusions; Hydrothermal circulation; Mineralization (soil science); Ore genesis; Salinity; Paragenesis","score_opus":0.006990744964105552,"score_gpt":0.24420300802160524,"score_spread":0.2372122630574997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7135612545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9080231,0.00214293,0.000070488764,0.00003427909,0.00065418036,0.0020873533,0.0002361317,0.000035758312,0.08671576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891168,0.000017223818,0.000041873554,0.00002608769,0.0003253867,0.00064561196,0.0012563979,0.00007202146,0.0084986],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9924792,0.00055159815,0.0033373344,0.001002827,0.00225306,0.000375968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922826,0.00075062434,0.0026877332,0.0012953702,0.0028719502,0.00011169084],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004747789,0.00076005625,0.0011885167,0.0008573468,0.00048739222,0.00028079984,0.0014377965,0.0007764156,0.0000033453102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023773873,0.00065064634,0.0005631867,0.0018877062,0.000204738,0.0006567203,0.00017584715,0.0006520856,0.0000025355748],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032728324,0.034734994,0.12829626,0.008644355,0.0038049014,0.00025242192,0.08961149,0.157289,0.36641333,0.19312832,0.00056689564,0.013985212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006961122,0.0029824239,0.7562644,0.010908925,0.0014278201,0.00047581285,0.02231939,0.014969247,0.16672525,0.00260048,0.011338507,0.0030266333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029004866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060517393,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62796813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022645036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007237972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7136098959","doi":"","title":"Assessment of the paleoclimatic impact on the geothermal field in Germany","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geothermal gradient; Glacial period; Climate change; Sedimentary rock; Pleistocene; Spatial distribution; Holocene; Geothermal energy","score_opus":0.04414716684885795,"score_gpt":0.3741614283926533,"score_spread":0.3300142615437954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7136098959","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8969397,0.000224012,0.0009164114,0.07107983,0.00051847845,0.0031171753,0.0019176055,0.00013968004,0.025147142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958891,0.000025569305,0.000112399925,0.00034622167,0.00013058579,0.00067364017,0.00019450745,0.000022798207,0.0026051705],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966631,0.00042932652,0.0005216867,0.0005418158,0.0011189822,0.00072506844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99621314,0.0018792305,0.00013929846,0.0013111363,0.0003198873,0.00013729252],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038840137,0.00018558695,0.00018500016,0.00037832125,0.00045462404,0.000341994,0.0013918332,0.00007366979,0.0011274462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006260509,0.00009812416,0.0001797318,0.0020717941,0.0002957766,0.00041208774,0.00025717905,0.00044004695,0.00007704161],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019294315,0.00038240248,0.005436961,0.00022321616,0.000047035588,0.000001914608,0.0005960373,0.0026625427,0.0034398295,0.94874656,0.031738315,0.0067058657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000492518,0.00013522575,0.20051016,0.00045789077,0.000020013462,0.000008655931,0.0006158266,0.3758401,0.002072137,0.0043923566,0.4150979,0.00035722487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069157756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002016216,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94435424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001623158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004787158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99978566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7147226502","doi":"10.70675/24a3208az6062z4fbez8454z7d87fbbbe8a1","title":"The adoption of ground source heat pumps at multiple scales in North America","year":2015,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pollution prevention; Economic analysis; Heat load; Transportation infrastructure","score_opus":0.014055186384723672,"score_gpt":0.24032838006167392,"score_spread":0.22627319367695026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7147226502","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850153,0.0013949134,0.00029586515,0.00012541676,0.00037097288,0.00062973605,0.000044147433,0.000050784765,0.01207289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9710048,0.0009969077,0.00009883752,0.00003832311,0.00017998465,0.00046271898,0.0024934134,0.000095300136,0.024629746],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965119,0.00025363336,0.001399383,0.00065138296,0.00062510255,0.0005586159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99729127,0.00036057545,0.0006341827,0.0009327583,0.00058405224,0.00019716834],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029407136,0.0005526851,0.0007148822,0.00017377979,0.0004952917,0.000083297484,0.00057338324,0.0004214612,0.000102361526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001034644,0.00041624208,0.00024849028,0.0010081488,0.00024383036,0.0001334574,0.00009893346,0.00031319808,0.0003414859],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040624553,0.0004347978,0.024341268,0.0002233471,0.00017303597,0.0000015421255,0.0030124956,0.92469573,0.002924902,0.003245164,0.00027805995,0.0402634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020435073,0.0002486849,0.3728446,0.00027942393,0.00013833202,0.000009681732,0.028415969,0.20719737,0.0007948845,0.00024148845,0.3864674,0.0013186604],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22616155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7783935,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71749836,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000318349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015587785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7148448731","doi":"10.70675/86e5a50ez9fbdz465az8964z97d8f2230cf7","title":"Contribution à l'étude d'un échangeur de chaleur air-sol (puits canadien) pour le rafraîchissement de l'air sous le climat chaud et semi-aride de Marrakech","year":2016,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sugar industry; Western europe; Economic analysis","score_opus":0.008459249837055557,"score_gpt":0.23618495403006934,"score_spread":0.22772570419301377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7148448731","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86517614,0.0021568625,0.07689548,0.014809616,0.0010650106,0.0026127636,0.00082230684,0.0006757271,0.035786085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.933298,0.0011277488,0.0008941027,0.0023826787,0.0009383056,0.0026726578,0.002347943,0.0003900243,0.055948555],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9917024,0.00090347684,0.0018778099,0.0017260973,0.00072857935,0.0030616303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947469,0.00031115572,0.0013707968,0.0014160868,0.0008521799,0.001302835],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019286921,0.0015340211,0.0014509481,0.0004847995,0.0014745074,0.00016764374,0.0011475579,0.0016643798,0.00081578066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002480115,0.0015311588,0.0007133743,0.00043800857,0.00011075779,0.00037912113,0.00017259519,0.0008535934,0.00043627346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069843506,0.0025477866,0.0032154797,0.001219358,0.002252821,0.0003002157,0.01574112,0.073253065,0.47573343,0.4021377,0.0074962894,0.015404303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015858859,0.00086663605,0.08118288,0.0036149304,0.0013648244,0.0010277783,0.02158242,0.048862375,0.57140374,0.010869447,0.23521955,0.008146541],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.46993914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.45559326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39126825,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0025664235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0042196633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7148672055","doi":"10.70675/f9fd93b1z6d43z434fz95f3z3befc29781ce","title":"L’énergie géothermique : Représentation, contextes et enseignements aux Antilles et dans la zone Caraïbe","year":2018,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Martinique; Agrégation; West indies","score_opus":0.01719075846888917,"score_gpt":0.3122693689520084,"score_spread":0.29507861048311923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7148672055","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49914137,0.00046835112,0.0063898247,0.0007643734,0.0009880873,0.0010994625,0.00020804768,0.00036012073,0.49058038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.76157546,0.0008051504,0.0010401274,0.0013141086,0.00040235397,0.00085613824,0.0034282878,0.0003134633,0.2302649],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9934737,0.0010435488,0.0020384833,0.0017661237,0.0008031302,0.00087499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950635,0.00038971833,0.0014087303,0.0016188384,0.0011684753,0.00035075305],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009798852,0.0013048829,0.0012143792,0.00038111888,0.0009005673,0.00046709515,0.00083040417,0.0011678518,0.0037931364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013701554,0.0012515396,0.00056105794,0.0006533002,0.00039979257,0.0004302688,0.000116723575,0.0005427593,0.0010453255],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022578894,0.0012222409,0.0007410724,0.00049740815,0.0018852587,0.000051385825,0.050377022,0.011817188,0.068406604,0.84957767,0.0077210236,0.00747737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036273422,0.0005449986,0.026368806,0.0018027842,0.00092928775,0.00012924534,0.10101989,0.006352918,0.07125581,0.0046259556,0.7792038,0.0041391724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1405477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10965969,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8449517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015694564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009595286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997026},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7161841663","doi":"10.82308/33178","title":"An investigation into application of geothermal energy in underground mines","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Geothermal heating; Economic shortage; Thermal energy; Energy consumption; Groundwater; Underground mining (soft rock)","score_opus":0.008227095519223397,"score_gpt":0.24416171845057538,"score_spread":0.23593462293135198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7161841663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95441407,0.00028395205,0.0034230903,0.000088463996,0.00023555852,0.00043169787,0.0000049175774,0.00016529614,0.040952925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98354954,0.00002231406,0.00045826894,0.000117363874,0.00019826554,0.000669814,0.0026675023,0.0000869328,0.012229975],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99806637,0.00013965399,0.0008148835,0.00049679267,0.00026945904,0.0002128743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99842525,0.00006650016,0.0005620602,0.0006764027,0.0001721669,0.000097627155],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002031433,0.00032139913,0.0005177752,0.00033699087,0.000061107894,0.0000314754,0.00037187667,0.00048422243,0.0000909272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014476065,0.00030918,0.000096645075,0.0003985791,0.00004969597,0.00016579969,0.000010433508,0.00010231479,0.000020875783],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041033512,0.00016346596,0.00092000735,0.0017491522,0.000050551298,3.9449992e-7,0.0010681897,0.027542094,0.07509436,0.8836579,0.000052595613,0.0096602645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004763475,0.00082162255,0.12452974,0.004771889,0.00064842874,0.000013772595,0.013606122,0.2929452,0.19640611,0.29144573,0.06383855,0.006209335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.23725693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.38234156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59221214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006923074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082580176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7161850247","doi":"10.82308/22406","title":"Assessing the potential to implement open loop geothermal systems in Canadian underground mines","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wellhead; Alunite; Work safety; Water source","score_opus":0.028972632399951483,"score_gpt":0.3239114673792541,"score_spread":0.2949388349793026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7161850247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54830796,0.0013313164,0.000111093555,0.0014622385,0.0029988,0.003769763,0.00005389032,0.00007963309,0.4418853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89752495,0.000005371406,0.00003325854,0.00028270276,0.00044554172,0.0012725579,0.0006783702,0.00008758797,0.09966967],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977009,0.00016023063,0.00064851646,0.0004065902,0.00027552166,0.0008082289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986628,0.000047865353,0.00022244966,0.00060508534,0.00011042798,0.00035133588],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000578571,0.00035273525,0.00045014164,0.0002445058,0.00034736184,0.0010963288,0.0009826947,0.00026399936,0.0010254398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014936663,0.00025234855,0.00008735099,0.00033291627,0.000010334177,0.00031087082,0.00007233028,0.00016823615,0.00019423393],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044853776,0.00029820448,0.0018066677,0.0022511212,0.0006492211,0.000042378873,0.0028296837,0.14925143,0.007977343,0.8176058,0.008570498,0.0086727785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011830684,0.000056051882,0.1668317,0.002325393,0.0003472104,0.000049178776,0.049999915,0.00517965,0.00029249003,0.00041820586,0.77100915,0.0023079766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99456185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99571955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8171876,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040032956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055272924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7161954926","doi":"10.82308/43566","title":"Examining the potential of utilzing geothermal energy from ejected mine water towards mine heating and peliminary assessment of deep lake cooling systems for deep underground mines","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geothermal energy; Geothermal gradient; Leak detection; Thermal pollution","score_opus":0.01831782949865285,"score_gpt":0.25557985213096834,"score_spread":0.2372620226323155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7161954926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97126603,0.0026285064,0.019058164,0.000030558902,0.00077619724,0.00076186913,0.00010419925,0.00005929956,0.005315158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865832,0.00008648755,0.0012605384,0.000025855794,0.00039153418,0.0004162258,0.003811277,0.00013661046,0.0072883],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970618,0.00016551897,0.0012925095,0.0006022491,0.00042983203,0.00044807556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99765867,0.00042496313,0.00083711353,0.0005585563,0.00044717971,0.00007354425],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035398334,0.0005236699,0.0010977619,0.00018907036,0.00021078634,0.00009465506,0.0003602821,0.00041964382,0.00016574489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003117926,0.00034766542,0.0002112044,0.0001446513,0.00006631188,0.00012113017,0.000079109726,0.00014179552,8.601239e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006107903,0.00040195126,0.000983251,0.012324965,0.0026556286,0.000008931655,0.0038751203,0.5842882,0.363116,0.021744765,0.00003374347,0.009956705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020526426,0.00036830665,0.014183168,0.0025308954,0.0011831685,0.00002410969,0.03138481,0.93554014,0.010795828,0.00017176375,0.00077712635,0.0009880525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06334749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024896367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35232016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004359535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008171609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99989754},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7162122120","doi":"10.82308/53606","title":"Numerical and experimental study of geothermal energy extraction from underground mines","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Extraction (chemistry); Geothermal heating; Heat transfer; Geothermal gradient; Geothermal energy; Heat exchanger; Thermal conduction; Convective heat transfer","score_opus":0.012550937311476731,"score_gpt":0.27190164817241436,"score_spread":0.25935071086093764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7162122120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9673594,0.00055263407,0.00015746114,0.0000088930665,0.00031780003,0.00019394411,0.0000045836614,0.00006630062,0.03133897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783335,0.000011115394,0.00005791484,0.000030060068,0.00025250865,0.00026235322,0.00038871603,0.00006812333,0.020595731],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851555,0.00010319874,0.00051425287,0.0004452212,0.00026081063,0.000160941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904406,0.00010472748,0.00035983612,0.0003517513,0.000062492814,0.00007713987],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000046535923,0.00030690702,0.00052770006,0.000095010226,0.000093211114,0.0000403993,0.00014948232,0.00025198664,0.0006066915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000068955565,0.00026903936,0.00008233215,0.00009473216,0.000021561264,0.000082351675,0.000015235391,0.00008271026,0.000010402024],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0020334523,0.024891682,0.0030081319,0.0026952324,0.0048375567,0.000036748257,0.019037906,0.04534152,0.52189946,0.35654578,0.0019258349,0.017746715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.017784746,0.006654201,0.11111502,0.0027446412,0.0026127174,0.000058952606,0.2500419,0.031351898,0.45619532,0.0055278153,0.107685864,0.008226902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21913381,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023736136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35101795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027474296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019151728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7162309026","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202533077","title":"Source Rock Potential and Thermal Maturity of the Coqueiros Formation Shales, Campos Basin, Brazil","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Optech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Maturity (psychological); Hydrology (agriculture); Heat flow; Permafrost; Thermal","score_opus":0.004605790013316575,"score_gpt":0.2077406833762578,"score_spread":0.20313489336294124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7162309026","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91752636,0.0010711706,0.021678535,0.0032553575,0.00041518128,0.0007422228,0.0000654873,0.00007676892,0.05516892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.964169,0.00006431071,0.00007878329,0.0007281808,0.00011122605,0.00005220137,0.000014166604,0.00002416204,0.034757916],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980915,0.00020986845,0.0007445005,0.0003419251,0.000275272,0.00033692503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864906,0.00006137293,0.00034116817,0.0007062687,0.00016049707,0.000081611994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021396445,0.0002951539,0.00036253425,0.00008170225,0.00052255986,0.000115877236,0.00041339648,0.00029763972,0.00062501366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002133741,0.00021174234,0.00020985058,0.00037504837,0.00014354415,0.00023567567,0.00031485618,0.00023723923,0.000025563237],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026499547,0.00088457065,0.006048738,0.0016693688,0.00062265975,0.0000016454713,0.0024368113,0.27788416,0.13378061,0.50943595,0.0093409745,0.057629526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033320594,0.000092530114,0.16704647,0.00069335493,0.000504609,0.00006782944,0.0023961468,0.3796806,0.10412473,0.002213883,0.33890057,0.00094723527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01055701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012709767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50722206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048349582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010948461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99603176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7162620320","doi":"","title":"Essai pilote pour la mise en œuvre de puits à colonne permanente permettant de chauffer et de climatiser un centre sportif à Montréal","year":2023,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lower limb; Lafora disease; Head (geology)","score_opus":0.009385624353919637,"score_gpt":0.23396979044893018,"score_spread":0.22458416609501056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7162620320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.902802,0.0028938123,0.03428712,0.049632628,0.00027883044,0.0020317186,0.0008397769,0.0022548267,0.004979291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94260967,0.0044965865,0.0174418,0.0048012924,0.0007034034,0.0021304358,0.00038259118,0.00059112004,0.026843114],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9898441,0.0020080756,0.0018802383,0.0015790779,0.00094415166,0.0037443675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99409944,0.0007035126,0.00096506195,0.0022042368,0.00031519707,0.0017125468],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004045755,0.001446964,0.00138722,0.0008465604,0.00094562996,0.0006043272,0.0016207978,0.0015744756,0.0006415209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044263553,0.0015797545,0.00082804984,0.0017317145,0.0002556402,0.00048209776,0.0007479106,0.0014243501,0.00053666387],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081279845,0.0037233438,0.07210881,0.0008372684,0.0012863894,0.0030988406,0.013053603,0.32281116,0.15778399,0.37012917,0.024591368,0.029763283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031964951,0.00019100691,0.2457706,0.0007014456,0.000528005,0.0011543798,0.002374604,0.6108173,0.013265973,0.0048882137,0.115019925,0.0020920385],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18905282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.031723797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36524093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002507397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017832963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999828},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7163692734","doi":"10.13182/t130-45996","title":"Analysis of Core Catcher Design Characteristics for Thermal Margins: Inclined Wall Effects on the CHF","year":2024,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the American Nuclear Society","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Core (optical fiber); Thermal; Thermal hydraulics; Nuclear reactor core; Heat transfer","score_opus":0.021348561759830707,"score_gpt":0.25274901630929575,"score_spread":0.23140045454946503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7163692734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.953184,0.00021744435,0.03762405,0.0063218805,0.00041376564,0.0012818901,0.0006070565,0.00010851672,0.00024140417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962746,0.00027422744,0.0010693256,0.00079824874,0.000120296885,0.00017010904,0.000010221507,0.00011898047,0.0011640292],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.997882,0.00027598703,0.0006943766,0.00043578207,0.00034690558,0.00036496486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966009,0.0014364923,0.0005987699,0.0011248244,0.00015985414,0.00007913569],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005292165,0.00035970696,0.00084095733,0.000093282826,0.0004982112,0.000056992372,0.00076907023,0.00014406873,0.00035943883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025826177,0.000230732,0.0023752188,0.0022139454,0.00081858324,0.000060639213,0.000025724716,0.0003980684,0.000018002715],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007867522,0.001639955,0.0002818063,0.001569189,0.047230694,0.0000014179325,0.03140274,0.5922693,0.18652771,0.017658861,0.003008544,0.11762304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047527277,0.0006670751,0.028048037,0.00037352115,0.010670991,0.0000016749357,0.0033888537,0.92863077,0.005186063,0.000102426304,0.02192912,0.0005261931],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050125266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006806489,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3363615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012754342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121321194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94089776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W795773067","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.06.007","title":"Modeling and experimental validation of a transient direct expansion geothermal heat exchanger","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geothermics","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; École de technologie supérieure","keywords":"Geothermal gradient; Transient (computer programming); Heat exchanger; Geothermal energy; Geology; Transient analysis; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Engineering; Computer science; Transient response; Geophysics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.031193486056107268,"score_gpt":0.25336413762834,"score_spread":0.2221706515722327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W795773067","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891671,0.0006491289,0.0016854302,0.00007306111,0.00009673331,0.00016098608,0.000009271706,0.000067809706,0.008090482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989605,0.00001465968,0.00030035136,0.000070154645,0.000103021965,0.000063424086,0.000015902322,0.00004204356,0.0004299655],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905103,0.000052845753,0.0002711944,0.00023457158,0.00019715283,0.00019322243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995118,0.00001297275,0.000045553545,0.00024827762,0.0000670576,0.000114388975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017900561,0.00015096136,0.00020897236,0.00006424967,0.000055052766,0.00001790677,0.00009063726,0.000086688,0.00007375962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005790865,0.00013792166,0.000053797547,0.00010229455,0.000044789092,0.000107226726,0.000027085762,0.000049014587,0.000013758847],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044264136,0.00010243143,0.00006212499,0.000015729656,0.000020550557,0.000001055948,0.003365132,0.902943,0.090313114,0.0018499893,0.00002177046,0.0012608274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018351639,0.00017304953,0.00012317419,0.00008102811,0.000036653633,0.000027036995,0.0028166005,0.80307806,0.18302278,0.0003394446,0.00800663,0.0004603929],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071425834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000091182046,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09986496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036893343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002789122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994689},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}