{"meta":{"query_hash":"eff5e17245ad","filters":{"topic":"Language and cultural evolution"},"cohort_total":495,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":495,"exported":495,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/eff5e17245ad","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Language+and+cultural+evolution"},"results":[{"id":"W100517866","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00261-6","title":"Diversity, Organism Level","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Organism; Diversity (politics); Biology; Evolutionary biology; Sociology; Genetics; Anthropology","score_opus":0.04048678137573057,"score_gpt":0.2582776440089883,"score_spread":0.2177908626332577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W100517866","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001471072,0.00048936874,0.0000015323402,0.00022165444,0.0004419578,0.00035220222,0.000016510092,0.00010605721,0.9982236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0057965354,0.00013058753,0.00007620044,0.0004614699,0.0008941377,0.00000499127,0.00001372647,0.000024056651,0.9925983],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987834,0.000032735858,0.00015480995,0.00026104145,0.00049626455,0.00027172986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934673,0.00002080576,0.00012825502,0.0002063151,0.00015080508,0.00014708734],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016762601,0.00020271573,0.0002295727,0.000043874003,0.001602724,0.00006052207,0.00038973143,0.000399268,0.0075700223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022258148,0.00017233726,0.00015390202,0.00001028302,0.00024156427,0.00010409062,0.00058431795,0.00027039277,0.003469214],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000012009031,0.0000026182386,0.000005696637,0.000009894509,0.00003866365,0.000015638178,0.016591536,1.2177647e-8,0.00001185994,0.0929564,0.003716955,0.88664955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007800124,0.000011594121,0.000043842898,0.000059299353,0.0000589411,0.0000014136457,0.0003537596,8.6042405e-8,0.000005849419,0.03346063,0.96566606,0.00026051787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017128869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017348453,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9619491,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001956001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012696587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1156664719","doi":"","title":"The Use of Linguistic Data in Bioarchaeological Research: An Example From the American Southwest","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Descent (aeronautics); Linguistics; Geography; Sample (material); Test (biology); History; Biology; Ecology","score_opus":0.565058944980444,"score_gpt":0.429657379839669,"score_spread":0.13540156514077495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1156664719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953422,0.000634479,0.000042335,0.0027188992,0.00021464113,0.00029073784,0.00016528562,0.00004727007,0.00054417585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99721855,0.00025114405,0.00069210643,0.00029838865,0.0009183389,0.00001162309,0.0002562133,0.000008230113,0.00034541183],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972468,0.0009860055,0.00021575353,0.00033828072,0.0007391424,0.0004740211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99713176,0.0016505729,0.0001212329,0.0007317564,0.00022237675,0.0001423248],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026442518,0.0001014128,0.00018246175,0.000013574863,0.00065316854,0.00013052709,0.0012333915,0.000101376376,0.00002788131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023192468,0.000052759035,0.000057571808,0.0006904173,0.002648044,0.00021683697,0.00038538018,0.00043565952,0.00001861418],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020728723,0.00019924321,0.17400222,0.000005816744,0.00007891004,0.000032321226,0.70400107,0.000029586578,0.00027665833,0.019479211,0.09478427,0.0069033955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005186116,0.00018364542,0.062637836,0.0000305787,0.000025148373,0.0000010499231,0.3815447,0.0006126462,0.0000126748355,0.0111745205,0.54301876,0.00023979173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.37452444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.31048656,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44823453,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000094449155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002680549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9756828},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W116021008","doi":"10.3765/bls.v37i1.845","title":"Reconsidering the “isolating protolanguage hypothesis” in the evolution of morphology","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Morphology (biology); Evolutionary biology; Epistemology; Biology; Philosophy; Zoology","score_opus":0.0584861767124454,"score_gpt":0.2615283993708602,"score_spread":0.2030422226584148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W116021008","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.962337,0.00030329736,0.000003860475,0.00053852814,0.00031162403,0.00080271956,0.00001087542,0.00002075613,0.03567134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973458,0.000021449201,0.0020165036,0.00009802853,0.0003398412,0.000027738106,1.7056274e-7,0.000011930604,0.00013853157],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983695,0.0001482077,0.00051337574,0.00017749266,0.00047764782,0.00031377556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975383,0.00042675293,0.00094066415,0.00020948768,0.00086237176,0.000022412643],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0032185575,0.00013598296,0.0002269761,0.000019502852,0.00061574613,0.000020757912,0.0012459692,0.00014176106,0.000008177419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.014143761,0.0000647002,0.00030592747,0.00055469724,0.00079047325,0.00007607641,0.00026141747,0.0003589752,5.746194e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004940757,0.00015437198,0.07262401,0.00027765252,0.00008825842,3.2978005e-7,0.8671432,0.000026861868,0.022902923,0.034557957,0.0016646674,0.00051036914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043919645,0.00010847383,0.035401214,0.0009764277,0.00025111227,0.000009355228,0.8856275,0.0002480023,0.03755499,0.038303398,0.00077089877,0.0003094315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004469549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041253614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0372228,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011142795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000115949304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99416053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1494039517","doi":"10.1002/9781119953616.ch9","title":"Computer‐aided Constructivism","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Constructivism (international relations); Computer science; Mathematics education; Mathematics; Political science","score_opus":0.018809714660531305,"score_gpt":0.26657162289956804,"score_spread":0.24776190823903674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1494039517","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000010306362,0.00023476145,0.00056943594,0.00006769766,0.0006465795,0.00011972502,0.0000030013819,0.00035287297,0.9979956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006055438,0.00007848832,0.0022080813,0.00014404434,0.001271118,0.0000025860404,0.00000683798,0.0000438279,0.99563944],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995204,0.000049476646,0.000050949602,0.00012257053,0.00012115579,0.000135426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997906,0.0000056506874,0.000053798296,0.000083754625,0.000014796623,0.000051370993],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000051653948,0.00007465101,0.00010235761,0.000031683336,0.00007378425,0.000020266862,0.00012200114,0.00019094057,0.059999403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000064768205,0.000054358046,0.00004180126,0.000056425684,0.00016250183,0.000033505814,0.000017603588,0.00005777157,0.0012491371],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.3222392e-7,0.0000043663877,0.000012276199,0.0000028568963,0.00001218111,0.000002495485,0.0016102298,2.5779556e-9,0.0000015148834,0.087386906,0.89860636,0.012360464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005295068,0.0000052663295,0.000023984818,0.000022444812,0.0000074979353,7.192655e-7,0.00061361695,5.036623e-7,0.0000024580336,0.0006450062,0.9985209,0.00010461492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022402367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011637569,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09991456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000209437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004828821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1497979602","doi":"","title":"Gregory Bateson’s Contribution to Understanding the Linguistic Roots of the Ecological Crisis","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Trumpeter","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ecological crisis; Epistemology; Ecology; Process (computing); Sociology; Set (abstract data type); Natural (archaeology); Philosophy; Environmental ethics; Geography; Computer science; Archaeology","score_opus":0.03780485600424952,"score_gpt":0.2997804048053989,"score_spread":0.26197554880114937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1497979602","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9699353,0.00031440766,0.0005041942,0.019741623,0.0009514127,0.0004421179,0.000005235857,0.000036464815,0.008069219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979876,0.0000074772133,0.000006619034,0.001078698,0.0004887529,0.00001073413,7.3266034e-7,0.0000028385666,0.00041653062],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900657,0.00033730673,0.00010505423,0.000065930064,0.00021895969,0.00026618093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950504,0.00019832294,0.000059022015,0.00015234899,0.0000394937,0.00004577146],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085980294,0.000056782857,0.00007314239,0.000008168104,0.0007052671,0.000028147311,0.00027541403,0.000051912037,0.00026815935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055471895,0.000020948617,0.00007646407,0.00016302709,0.00016273,0.00006180839,0.0000625531,0.00009802105,0.00004951713],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000076359254,0.00011648168,0.018384727,0.000008876636,0.00007453395,0.0000012759077,0.16927828,0.000035052093,0.0018648204,0.79751885,0.011788986,0.00085176696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00075494044,0.00017697453,0.6964472,0.0000801134,0.00035953886,0.000009421258,0.119504824,0.00011382702,0.0019008076,0.09877086,0.081382304,0.0004991971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003609274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00083978777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.698748,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017046541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021105994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54244155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1514526806","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/2030.003.0008","title":"Symbol Grounding and the Origin of Language","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"The MIT Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Ground; Linguistics; Communication; Computer science; Psychology; Philosophy; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.04060361508470526,"score_gpt":0.2782789728749066,"score_spread":0.23767535779020135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1514526806","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0013553179,0.0062342705,0.000004568769,0.00013707021,0.00012724574,0.00039290733,0.000009337477,0.000034038276,0.99170524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.13852035,0.00033757807,0.000005610025,0.000077355966,0.0004189255,0.000010819503,0.0000018739938,0.000011963345,0.86061555],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991808,0.00010487296,0.00014979458,0.00012765641,0.0002867072,0.00015020143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993968,0.00015612142,0.00015579977,0.00022327898,0.00003653752,0.000031476255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042702648,0.00012463889,0.00019488488,0.000014727042,0.00034360276,0.000059862137,0.00031593055,0.00013664091,0.00016546878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030783453,0.000059616275,0.00009405823,0.0000049653545,0.00078815623,0.00003758639,0.00007351238,0.00021025861,0.000010617348],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015046641,0.000001389382,4.8100605e-7,0.000016498412,0.000054408505,0.00000358309,0.08255069,1.2129307e-7,0.000029819235,0.9059739,0.00083943625,0.010514641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080079195,0.000025475772,0.000012263672,0.00029421915,0.00047873898,0.000008602011,0.007929049,0.0000170503,0.00015907407,0.029100792,0.9608189,0.0003550642],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004961708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00057120936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9599794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002899818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015937982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75006515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1531553396","doi":"10.15215/aupress/9781927356173.01","title":"Mind, Body, World: Foundations of Cognitive Science","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Athabasca University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Mind–body problem; Cognition; Cognitive science; Psychology; Epistemology; Philosophy; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.02462690680558662,"score_gpt":0.2718128250829891,"score_spread":0.24718591827740247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1531553396","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0020819453,0.000069041576,0.000051233023,0.000024568732,0.0001853663,0.0004941367,0.00009535385,0.000044134573,0.9969542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03912872,0.000031895663,0.00008528911,0.000019424348,0.00015319715,0.0000013456541,0.000042201274,0.000008577595,0.9605293],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984758,0.00009192925,0.00013777631,0.0003477797,0.00063017005,0.0003165562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985257,0.00016382166,0.0002689056,0.0001990032,0.0006826697,0.00015992584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023857848,0.00016058079,0.0002202129,0.00027083314,0.00094649644,0.00007707148,0.00067177694,0.00017178406,0.0004099311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000111213,0.00016837659,0.0001445974,0.00011591401,0.0023807415,0.0004869461,0.0002493645,0.00022713674,0.000058664093],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003883508,0.000058250662,0.000035977733,0.000047929356,0.00014508872,0.000035079665,0.035588797,4.2671724e-7,0.0001355926,0.91858894,0.032784857,0.012540253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030430983,0.000033582714,0.00017920288,0.00030426646,0.00020861517,8.2334475e-7,0.0047271005,0.0000070071396,0.00023416067,0.0005930598,0.99310464,0.00030326354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010058315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038131399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96031976,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048959523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014434223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965338},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1532361305","doi":"","title":"From quantal biomechanics to whole events: Toward a multidimensional model for emergent language","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian acoustics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vocal tract; Articulation (sociology); Manner of articulation; Computer science; Speech production; Space (punctuation); Phonology; Currency; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Simulation; Psychology; Speech recognition; Linguistics","score_opus":0.03833406346307891,"score_gpt":0.3193331805559087,"score_spread":0.28099911709282976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1532361305","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9245309,0.0005051761,0.06778788,0.0024829973,0.0015472247,0.00059146073,0.002178803,0.0000612802,0.00031423263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876519,0.000008878513,0.0078213485,0.0012233543,0.0008957129,0.000026543506,0.0001996964,0.0000134459415,0.0021591648],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990006,0.000023966717,0.00011382153,0.00013666671,0.00019458099,0.0005303732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893683,0.000024143585,0.00002845051,0.00010232514,0.000084468986,0.00082379684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016901795,0.000091179725,0.00009224908,0.00005860564,0.00029039878,0.00001530506,0.00012911312,0.00010946971,0.00019516729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020822433,0.000086284985,0.000056869518,0.00013624973,0.000018945888,0.0001323083,0.000019097146,0.00005553641,0.00015064278],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043661006,0.00016043402,0.00025025,0.00002681854,0.00009840799,0.000015536834,0.3876443,0.0024853055,0.37666997,0.012975418,0.20573929,0.013890626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015669747,0.00014959792,0.0027471934,0.00011441733,0.000358029,0.0000036194726,0.28990668,0.5070321,0.0018422313,0.003470849,0.19089662,0.001911678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.18431742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13421197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5045468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047169664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035506938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88158643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1553670079","doi":"10.1002/bult.2014.1720400513","title":"Google, tear down this wall to exploratory search!","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Exploratory search; Computer science; Search analytics; Search engine; Information retrieval; Perception; Set (abstract data type); Semantic search; Search engine indexing; World Wide Web; Meaning (existential); Process (computing); Exploratory research; Cognition; Human–computer interaction; Psychology; Web search query","score_opus":0.008493917885452005,"score_gpt":0.252458733315403,"score_spread":0.24396481542995102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1553670079","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45659536,0.00006313438,0.0006530492,0.31532347,0.0007987451,0.00197406,0.000028848594,0.00036881986,0.2241945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99541146,0.000018803268,0.00043424367,0.0014816644,0.000032908098,0.00003365173,0.0000015896177,0.0000016753949,0.002583981],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890375,0.000042633554,0.00018143089,0.00008428293,0.0005671856,0.00022069392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985826,0.00007733378,0.000190301,0.00012786611,0.0009768936,0.000045001645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031300208,0.000045696288,0.00007918584,0.0001869188,0.00078881945,0.0000731123,0.0004070017,0.000110208566,0.000038017177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050980244,0.00003249014,0.000025553663,0.00093572884,0.00029640022,0.00038291598,0.00010209314,0.00007068915,0.00011665622],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001650432,0.00002665956,0.005759663,0.000023716848,0.000013142931,1.7758191e-8,0.03454666,0.00002306644,0.0021014223,0.74603236,0.13639319,0.0750636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014396248,0.000038270497,0.0012152802,0.0000084565,0.0000042676256,1.7070334e-7,0.0043997583,0.000041595817,0.0021763623,0.0012325231,0.9906849,0.000054437038],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029068234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007187853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85429174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021673451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012658065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.61031795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1559215857","doi":"","title":"A Memetic Study on Number Three","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in literature and language","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Memetics; Connotation; Replication (statistics); Meaning (existential); Mechanism (biology); Key (lock); Epistemology; Psychology; Sociology; Linguistics; Computer science; Philosophy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.035843572082039955,"score_gpt":0.3953290221903709,"score_spread":0.35948545010833094,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1559215857","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9329262,0.027626706,5.226605e-7,0.00021001985,0.0003411304,0.00022819659,0.0000027947603,0.000031217758,0.038633205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99698204,0.00019637977,0.000031628264,0.00029761752,0.00065860007,0.00002601802,0.0000024293518,0.000004252095,0.0018010238],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923927,0.00012440809,0.00009013926,0.00012371437,0.00016936832,0.00025311066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973816,0.000065574066,0.000022811937,0.00009376836,0.000030329255,0.0000493804],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004098824,0.00008976834,0.00013039373,0.000029930983,0.00020808559,0.000038383787,0.000060821454,0.0000516016,0.00006697435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017377114,0.00005812771,0.000024011,0.00026692663,0.00009920446,0.000213202,0.000038376616,0.00013783756,0.00002524544],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012480551,0.00012572519,0.055670027,0.000012077605,0.00003225148,0.000035893678,0.93274087,4.5063e-8,0.000023505148,0.0069479165,0.0013838396,0.0030153468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006320296,0.000115159266,0.11546072,0.00016607888,0.00003828544,0.0000054736215,0.8658961,3.5464166e-7,0.000017239056,0.0008828066,0.016536565,0.00024920015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026651743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024675508,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.066844806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003990428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000051043994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23703793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1564053605","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.0737","title":"A Conceptual Network-Based Approach to Inferring the Cultural Evolutionary History of the Baltic Psaltery","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cultural transmission in animals; Ethnography; Phylogenetic tree; Conceptual framework; Anthropology; Sociology; Geography; Epistemology; Social science; Evolutionary biology; Biology","score_opus":0.10283122174845648,"score_gpt":0.20208307745335266,"score_spread":0.09925185570489618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1564053605","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9360279,0.0012379005,0.003259638,0.00058212364,0.002108911,0.0014124494,0.000015843032,0.00014186664,0.0552134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883396,0.000035780995,0.000101844096,0.0004921372,0.00039844014,0.000006029193,0.000014223899,0.000008945573,0.010603011],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983551,0.00053075346,0.00017052631,0.00040647652,0.00018940176,0.00034777497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987708,0.0000929927,0.00023852079,0.00047609516,0.0003075263,0.00011407752],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002859356,0.00018748263,0.00020895577,0.000037215756,0.00043093873,0.00002651947,0.0010517342,0.00023140873,0.00014069023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013353728,0.000120760255,0.00026333137,0.00034829153,0.00095361756,0.0001899783,0.0005160293,0.00046017749,0.000035142817],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004408915,0.00010641614,0.0054085045,0.00004743104,0.00009862189,0.0000057902316,0.030292965,0.6415204,0.00005007575,0.26180127,0.060518056,0.00010638119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034004801,0.00027617824,0.096710764,0.0016342134,0.0018699049,0.00000960532,0.18626852,0.27970698,0.000050987797,0.035974402,0.38960415,0.0044938256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007824457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006789877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36181343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014116615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007342966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1630140451","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1005.1516","title":"An Agent-based Simulation of the Effectiveness of Creative Leadership","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Creativity; Imitation; Action (physics); Diversity (politics); Sociology; Stage (stratigraphy); Psychology; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Management; Social psychology; Knowledge management; Economics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.12416660323239777,"score_gpt":0.25196901198740745,"score_spread":0.1278024087550097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1630140451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98944503,0.000019687383,0.006613006,0.000016930717,0.00021830288,0.00038474897,0.000017700715,0.000027293525,0.0032573151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995746,0.0000045008037,0.000015367143,0.00001123251,0.00004802598,4.7697114e-7,0.00001620622,0.0000053643553,0.00032424042],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983126,0.0010888238,0.00009653241,0.00026042218,0.00010948469,0.00013216815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988363,0.00025566187,0.00025602893,0.00033572642,0.00026608852,0.000050197585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059720984,0.000105197745,0.0001760125,0.000051490333,0.0001695275,0.000011142577,0.00045618738,0.0002971057,0.00008744271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019397108,0.00008531906,0.00016832715,0.00030243074,0.00044171748,0.00014021833,0.00007274986,0.00027405162,0.0000027406204],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024282848,0.00014666979,0.015101252,0.00021680006,0.000051915915,0.000004267065,0.005156523,0.9479851,0.0034956562,0.027375415,0.000004019388,0.00021952439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032078167,0.0003972672,0.4748757,0.0018425556,0.0012227274,2.3778463e-7,0.055464845,0.35779512,0.051238175,0.05219959,0.0003295475,0.0014264453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004749333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019197084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59019,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012601567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022744469,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71796024},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1630842354","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0601092","title":"Memetics of Quantum Mechanical Interpretations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Memetics; Quantum; Psychology; Physics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.050491998449871914,"score_gpt":0.33570855022894364,"score_spread":0.28521655177907174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1630842354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774622,0.00045619207,0.004148794,0.0012563438,0.0009144519,0.00024828606,0.000027522321,0.00009378453,0.015392444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997435,0.000110829686,0.00036360289,0.00008204928,0.00032421903,0.00001665627,0.00005944995,0.000009018507,0.0015991956],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883574,0.00015883076,0.00029218892,0.00022589817,0.00029381394,0.00019354817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926394,0.00006309115,0.00019770575,0.00022911504,0.00018784113,0.000058312646],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029016787,0.00011562609,0.00020981445,0.000040730753,0.00015106365,0.00002496645,0.00032696032,0.00028270044,0.00024260963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031801424,0.00010019223,0.00016525663,0.0001392729,0.00015283863,0.00007433979,0.00019015593,0.0002915878,0.00006848027],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000079422935,0.0010640832,0.16932751,0.00056796963,0.0005785032,0.000053214266,0.122831,0.0006901494,0.014092968,0.63861185,0.036664046,0.015439281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020630865,0.000566239,0.43142724,0.0024530329,0.0020763958,0.000007305142,0.06584319,0.008463931,0.01880597,0.36672452,0.09712344,0.0044456366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0080434745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003246921,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2718873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000956355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016466287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99856204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1659726319","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-6710-5_21","title":"A Computational Behaviorist Takes Turing’s Test","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Communications Research Centre Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Behaviorism; Turing test; Turing; Perspective (graphical); Test (biology); Cognitive science; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive psychology","score_opus":0.04347300394135378,"score_gpt":0.3213311510671061,"score_spread":0.2778581471257523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1659726319","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000051904055,0.0002679572,0.00013617183,0.00024235055,0.00021097237,0.00014598164,0.000019668096,0.00013132363,0.99879366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011741418,0.00002710619,0.00077422266,0.00025380426,0.00086612214,0.0000021710507,0.00010439352,0.000012966553,0.9862178],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902636,0.0000064966275,0.00015744605,0.00018039119,0.00045338375,0.00017594095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954367,0.00007300668,0.0000828523,0.00007126455,0.00013991838,0.00008931674],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015676419,0.00012757682,0.0001224116,0.000046003614,0.00032657004,0.000061190935,0.00013335732,0.00026497804,0.0065470785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003452098,0.00010523686,0.00009722153,0.000023115977,0.00018004456,0.000090248475,0.000013758306,0.00016784904,0.0006263355],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030853114,0.000027433218,0.0001281185,0.000007344935,0.000015690626,0.000049288312,0.0044661607,0.000005301473,0.0000043971067,0.9509672,0.027382547,0.016943458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010310777,0.000027182017,0.0005478731,0.000043247983,0.00004338116,0.0000038653307,0.0012314835,0.0000045943084,0.0000033613092,0.013858735,0.98382586,0.00030731692],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017236827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006338458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9564433,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018296135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011149843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99436104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1663225458","doi":"10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.201001.001","title":"Arqueología y lenguas: hacia nuevos horizontes","year":2010,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Boletín de Arqueología PUCP","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Arthur B. McDonald-Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.0063673552456343235,"score_gpt":0.28588442565098515,"score_spread":0.27951707040535084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1663225458","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8518805,0.002569419,0.00012470248,0.011465623,0.0027424626,0.00070497254,0.000050001407,0.0005036307,0.12995869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742975,0.0012966977,0.0012562501,0.0016163439,0.0033381688,0.00008656238,0.000046216523,0.00005840506,0.018003846],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.995612,0.00062308373,0.00061154517,0.000890294,0.0006800722,0.0015829748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977148,0.00025692588,0.00038661988,0.00078918395,0.00030108896,0.00055138033],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014155019,0.0005784101,0.00061371544,0.00015561235,0.0011358364,0.00037833865,0.0011378209,0.0012414022,0.003231548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014265288,0.00050841295,0.00040409062,0.00064503634,0.001489718,0.0006559267,0.00026305436,0.0014507908,0.002048772],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025070558,0.00109217,0.10885044,0.00020412076,0.00044248818,0.0006080387,0.03498602,0.0000144472,0.16409224,0.44866067,0.09291415,0.1478845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014485,0.00045147483,0.06920854,0.00015530927,0.00029469718,0.000114735674,0.009996337,0.00019413652,0.0055334726,0.016246974,0.8948256,0.0015302312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063414895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00995478,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8019114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020247149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00054698944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1783393749","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.6589","title":"Mind: An Archaeological Perspective","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Frontier; Perspective (graphical); Cognition; Context (archaeology); History; Archaeology; Cognitive science; Anthropology; Sociology; Psychology; Art; Visual arts","score_opus":0.1011441154077944,"score_gpt":0.23891351888483087,"score_spread":0.13776940347703648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1783393749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94720995,0.00010302271,0.0009452316,0.00036365067,0.00027133187,0.00031782227,0.000010412579,0.0001245477,0.05065402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873774,0.00017886984,0.00013516756,0.00007664196,0.0003799638,0.0000011848771,0.000021935264,0.000007065902,0.011821782],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984797,0.0003516596,0.00008584299,0.0006486898,0.00009931652,0.00033475534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99903816,0.00003897181,0.00010778297,0.00031747474,0.00026973258,0.00022789095],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019905738,0.00016957715,0.00018997096,0.000069347225,0.0003730162,0.000056552857,0.00060275325,0.00042237734,0.0016788336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009590006,0.00015857264,0.00015192796,0.00020713215,0.00057299866,0.00032443623,0.00039411025,0.0004537452,0.0003834075],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035477427,0.0001378196,0.0026164702,0.000008952892,0.000064638094,0.00021487426,0.044862382,0.0028048558,0.000033944907,0.9477771,0.00058818515,0.0008552857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00065145356,0.00021527437,0.012389872,0.00007513763,0.00024141342,0.000003704931,0.239641,0.008838293,0.000043054126,0.7256148,0.010961073,0.0013249387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025188146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007279166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22216232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00052087003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018958662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992338},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1784826221","doi":"10.3968/7030","title":"Meme Theory and Chinese-Writing Teaching in TCFL","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher education of social science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Memetics; Pragmatics; Linguistics; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Context (archaeology); Assimilation (phonology); Process (computing); Mathematics education; Sociology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; History; Philosophy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.020782913452076286,"score_gpt":0.3769772781130433,"score_spread":0.35619436466096704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1784826221","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70303535,0.0001883874,0.0000035849353,0.00077989587,0.0003119226,0.00006074666,3.3642604e-7,0.000015042261,0.29560474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99543995,0.0000041714056,0.00015797035,0.00019183017,0.0003956321,0.0000051892507,9.115608e-7,0.000001984662,0.003802379],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907684,0.00017966884,0.00011373572,0.00012891604,0.00033860534,0.00016223974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996648,0.000046570734,0.00006973834,0.000040925057,0.00009605473,0.00008195263],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027471653,0.000042983727,0.000067562876,0.00006335033,0.00046301493,0.000055244884,0.00016031445,0.00003741754,0.000060818296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038347603,0.00003566964,0.000013453249,0.0004955117,0.00055064395,0.0005507884,0.000031125655,0.00007685965,0.000003781396],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031534848,0.000036583726,0.014397982,0.0000027620372,5.357266e-7,8.651986e-8,0.103364944,2.1285898e-7,0.0011689493,0.8755161,0.00024256883,0.005266124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017491703,0.000015614401,0.8151013,0.000026483227,0.0000044145245,4.6510507e-7,0.1113743,0.0000023090945,0.000053690062,0.054762196,0.018346049,0.00013823863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015486444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000099996774,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8207539,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014829666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043836024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35611832},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1786544238","doi":"10.4436/jass.93011","title":"The Nature of Culture: an eight-grade model for the evolution and expansion of cultural capacities in hominins and other animals.","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Sociocultural evolution; Human culture; Cultural heritage; Human evolution; Set (abstract data type); Extension (predicate logic); Evolutionary psychology; Sociology; Anthropology; Epistemology; Psychology; Geography; Social psychology; Archaeology; Computer science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.08260137260256148,"score_gpt":0.34147448266231945,"score_spread":0.258873110059758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1786544238","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0024718961,0.9952844,0.000009846031,0.000089299996,0.00009804915,0.0015689271,0.00010145348,0.000009004817,0.00036711738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07743178,0.92088914,0.000046503297,0.000014947837,0.00017599344,0.0006960711,0.000013168821,0.000010182651,0.00072222913],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885243,0.0002177717,0.00026739144,0.00017794597,0.0002487003,0.00023577204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929965,0.00011672626,0.00026342637,0.00012904912,0.00013125014,0.00005989749],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009605356,0.0001520649,0.00041878092,0.00003103482,0.00026392023,0.000046574005,0.00021537469,0.0003517159,6.612533e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021998581,0.000064050066,0.00009758768,0.00017382216,0.0005688306,0.00019304565,0.00003192219,0.00020789863,6.7005814e-8],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036153837,0.000026066016,0.00002817267,0.0011187699,0.00007152529,2.3604505e-7,0.07779871,0.000003832959,0.0000031657921,0.031023115,0.0015648304,0.8883254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004556898,0.00005207583,0.00061874907,0.00067500357,0.0004733682,0.0000059573476,0.087307185,0.00050893606,0.0000035318187,0.0040990864,0.905461,0.0003394312],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00095841306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049034944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90389615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012096514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011107228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2736265},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1828174493","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-228x.2012.01157.x","title":"Handaxes, Concepts, and Teaching","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mind Brain and Education","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Context (archaeology); Epistemology; Sociology; History; Archaeology; Computer science; Philosophy; Biology","score_opus":0.015082019331961422,"score_gpt":0.3564096291968663,"score_spread":0.3413276098649049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1828174493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95887357,0.0026226146,0.000021297896,0.0036701937,0.00027297865,0.000061827515,5.653183e-7,0.000008358075,0.034468614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98689675,0.000033716446,0.00032579157,0.00047255677,0.0006685316,0.000004021362,0.0000074099275,0.0000014379831,0.0115898065],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996869,0.00006236084,0.000038058723,0.000053526932,0.000052457395,0.00010672867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998412,0.00003068103,0.0000172241,0.000024421819,0.000011414123,0.0000750535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031064794,0.000028863962,0.000029586472,0.000011817121,0.00033496832,0.00004227025,0.000017507962,0.00003364509,0.00011490006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012570726,0.000023233615,0.000006354812,0.00001946123,0.000060991493,0.00025799344,0.0000060751927,0.000039527145,0.0000089736095],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001655868,0.000043059415,0.01244707,0.0000057069865,0.000002783903,4.503404e-8,0.17802706,1.2069319e-8,0.0011612381,0.027613297,0.026441481,0.7542566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000079238685,0.000009607916,0.04435389,0.00001555873,0.0000073433116,0.000003531078,0.076849826,0.0000021485116,0.00010633864,0.00052635354,0.87796426,0.00008190342],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010526372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017947756,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8515228,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000019973138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040591858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25763395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1858367254","doi":"10.1016/j.plrev.2013.03.006","title":"An evolutionary framework for cultural change: Selectionism versus communal exchange","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Life Reviews","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"","keywords":"Copying; Natural selection; Sociocultural evolution; Selection (genetic algorithm); Construct (python library); Replication (statistics); Process (computing); Adaptation (eye); Artificial life; Mechanism (biology)","score_opus":0.170421991528968,"score_gpt":0.41524258838077105,"score_spread":0.24482059685180305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1858367254","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3290096,0.51594645,0.046470355,0.029029524,0.011957422,0.03185848,0.0003024606,0.001300198,0.03412551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9347015,0.027395533,0.024575096,0.001336735,0.009454246,0.0018319327,0.00020835208,0.000028672144,0.00046791031],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989397,0.00029187484,0.00022387263,0.00014198624,0.00017091198,0.00023164472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991181,0.00011696916,0.00020069323,0.00018842454,0.00025913218,0.00011671003],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003468493,0.00010670132,0.00025319125,0.000012058252,0.00046024582,0.00004385582,0.00023441392,0.000086956396,0.00022483178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032637303,0.000081705526,0.00016262643,0.00024457375,0.000118208816,0.00094687066,0.000021740236,0.00011188827,0.00010578027],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011724146,0.0006260123,0.0011781885,0.00066703925,0.00012940318,2.0974079e-7,0.07295737,0.000005791852,0.0013830574,0.31351945,0.09354886,0.5158674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011097518,0.0005628847,0.0070712925,0.00040956613,0.00016962046,4.7363886e-7,0.010834206,0.0005052559,0.000121561025,0.08174132,0.8967278,0.00074629206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002707248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017821604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8031789,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000072876464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004441085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40925676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1862326181","doi":"10.29173/cmplct8719","title":"The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Complicity An International Journal of Complexity and Education","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"The Symbolic; Linguistics; Chemistry; Psychology; Philosophy; Psychoanalysis","score_opus":0.03418337835487908,"score_gpt":0.3527297993147628,"score_spread":0.3185464209598837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1862326181","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96228343,0.0010392215,0.00073678145,0.032213777,0.00038900189,0.00012272465,0.0000053748167,0.0000048556903,0.0032048272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99817145,0.0003357544,0.00008371209,0.00045641494,0.00068331475,0.0000023446007,0.000004730368,0.0000019693457,0.00026034037],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904287,0.0002467356,0.00022268228,0.00005888443,0.00034389607,0.000084943415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897826,0.00024992423,0.00027779705,0.00008632505,0.00036219577,0.000045506706],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011050514,0.00005269673,0.000090341855,0.000032936132,0.0007298334,0.00015571472,0.00039383728,0.000027809176,0.000021333091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032141263,0.000026013679,0.0000510462,0.00008144097,0.0011448575,0.00031800507,0.000028670196,0.00013510555,0.0000012368907],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000094464034,0.000064069325,0.0006898914,0.0000028359254,0.000032036955,1.9153408e-7,0.04405303,0.000013792172,0.00045092142,0.9493084,0.00051042176,0.0047799596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015724926,0.00011775951,0.3380532,0.00010105988,0.00004673206,0.00011122475,0.23479389,0.00011515458,0.00040134913,0.39471635,0.029829282,0.00014150907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003826992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019971828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.554592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012726765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021690999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57852924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1870735863","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.4086","title":"A Computational Model of Two Cognitive Transitions Underlying Cultural Evolution","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Chaining; Survival of the fittest; Diversity (politics); Sociocultural evolution; Fitness function; Cognition; Mode (computer interface); Focus (optics); Fitness landscape; Function (biology); Psychology; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Sociology; Epistemology; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Developmental psychology; Philosophy; Machine learning; Genetic algorithm; Human–computer interaction; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.16007919011590163,"score_gpt":0.268264175408149,"score_spread":0.10818498529224738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1870735863","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78030646,0.000072006034,0.21146376,0.000104527426,0.000102865655,0.00034519218,0.00009523742,0.00008253984,0.007427425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99767536,0.00005296736,0.0005754457,0.000032699412,0.000052335567,0.000002043852,0.00015840537,0.000007331905,0.0014434322],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892616,0.00018242297,0.00015664517,0.00036868884,0.00014052035,0.00022556953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895084,0.000057572182,0.00018813187,0.00010644132,0.0005925044,0.00010450992],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013184495,0.00015431069,0.0001963186,0.00009556354,0.0004353669,0.000042673924,0.00022695983,0.00020838591,0.00014909904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037407,0.00016161402,0.00019657554,0.00028960072,0.00037984413,0.00046864786,0.000090601265,0.0002820418,0.000041964653],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014592957,0.000050853432,0.00023685285,0.00002666533,0.00005907048,0.0000042306847,0.00902447,0.67698056,0.000076252734,0.31338668,0.00006771476,0.00007209737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005721665,0.000017692279,0.00080398377,0.00017656625,0.00021074573,6.2186626e-7,0.022456495,0.7411403,0.0000063857997,0.23432745,0.000006464095,0.00028111786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005088361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015524072,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2173689,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038146833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036098165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76921135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1885694036","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01047","title":"Evolved biocultural beings (who invented computers)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive science; Data science; Computer science","score_opus":0.033842153135422395,"score_gpt":0.3397172285732326,"score_spread":0.30587507543781023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1885694036","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7499269,0.005644544,0.02285893,0.02133882,0.021431886,0.0008358566,0.000009151759,0.00042928764,0.1775246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9737238,0.00023993831,0.017236957,0.004775752,0.0008786713,0.000025163994,0.00004497312,0.000015337333,0.0030593562],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887246,0.00022964968,0.00016090252,0.00023234455,0.00017771876,0.0003269303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995916,0.0000084155545,0.000058290545,0.00012671744,0.00007571849,0.00013929463],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037069464,0.000088409455,0.00016566177,0.00008933312,0.00010613716,0.000025765297,0.00026996023,0.00017063273,0.000044633354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010806984,0.00007485494,0.000046909194,0.00039531122,0.00026310794,0.0002081356,0.000026219855,0.00014720765,0.00005726345],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058131136,0.000055679637,0.053315658,0.0000021340131,0.00001888655,0.000023795423,0.0331319,0.000002439646,0.00006213316,0.0017997444,0.8847854,0.026744103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029670384,0.0001790145,0.019771975,0.000044840766,0.000018949098,0.0000090222,0.05528504,0.00046010085,0.000030345105,0.033930227,0.88684946,0.00045396635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011496854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00068775145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22379692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014580562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043229935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3052496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1888446546","doi":"10.5964/bioling.8767","title":"The Biolinguistics Network","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biolinguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.009225677287515874,"score_gpt":0.30460754991815703,"score_spread":0.29538187263064114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1888446546","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0473614,0.002131855,0.00097385613,0.0021868173,0.0367631,0.0006046414,0.000032236356,0.0006410232,0.9093051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97527933,0.00028786183,0.0023108523,0.00023212555,0.017944815,0.000005461205,0.0000098448245,0.000009641012,0.0039200685],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990484,0.000057048434,0.00015542906,0.000122646,0.00021094126,0.00040554057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990345,0.0002399232,0.000073407544,0.00020523954,0.00033329462,0.00011363263],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00064269715,0.00008253423,0.000071826034,0.000008520549,0.0018314208,0.00014341433,0.00031263498,0.00012828318,0.000071566006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007590989,0.000051835494,0.000051282026,0.00018157065,0.0003832387,0.000012764096,0.00003876033,0.00023868456,0.00012281218],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000065148615,0.000012003526,0.001335212,0.0000017970023,0.000009612432,0.000008570109,0.0019095753,0.0000046726864,0.00017220587,0.9726486,0.016466934,0.007424308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000489296,0.000008102134,0.00045854197,0.0000040572563,0.000012242812,9.780698e-7,0.0005134717,0.00007985291,0.000022748929,0.018264038,0.9804852,0.000101821286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00076595525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008702508,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9640183,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025854417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013419133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994681},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1911696222","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.5032","title":"How Did Humans Become So Creative? A Computational Approach","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Creativity; Computational creativity; Computer science; Novelty; Recall; Imitation; Focus (optics); Chaining; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive science; Convergence (economics); Simple (philosophy); Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Epistemology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.07869516566250823,"score_gpt":0.21418815979592448,"score_spread":0.13549299413341626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1911696222","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87503386,0.000198002,0.04577415,0.000699404,0.00035151737,0.0007611219,0.00004968573,0.0002908856,0.07684139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.957845,0.000087707,0.00048273776,0.0000697522,0.00027985568,0.0000027873025,0.00016100312,0.000011103339,0.041060068],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856293,0.0002582431,0.00010286541,0.0005970404,0.00016078817,0.000318131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911064,0.000047656627,0.00018571605,0.00024226695,0.00025442502,0.00015931606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017919905,0.00020984921,0.00024391404,0.00009771808,0.0007803167,0.00032881973,0.00054997887,0.0003166369,0.0004049757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000501741,0.00020815244,0.00020236187,0.00028426186,0.00047174428,0.00045098073,0.00031012736,0.00038786422,0.00011454926],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028955754,0.00029423943,0.005411679,0.00010499858,0.00027044982,0.00007361796,0.031064887,0.07592849,0.000016155213,0.88008845,0.0058668223,0.00085127144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028317517,0.00018629561,0.051486492,0.0003109666,0.0008396119,0.0000054741604,0.13685024,0.15928204,0.000019863719,0.58177346,0.06258804,0.0038257206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0065062596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00075924443,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29831496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037419228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023710234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98355615},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1911863463","doi":"10.37693/pjos.2011.3.8832","title":"Some modern considerations for thinking about language evolution: A discussion of The Evolution of Language by Tecumseh Fitch","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Journal of Semiotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Language evolution; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Computer science; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.025918608459801675,"score_gpt":0.2793485777491061,"score_spread":0.25342996928930445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1911863463","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95185494,0.015055383,0.019770607,0.0077526034,0.0011349577,0.0007241527,0.00013764533,0.00004687914,0.0035228464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972139,0.000057302124,0.0017482283,0.00006916055,0.00035204343,0.0000023372083,0.000003145353,0.000008640659,0.0005452629],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984286,0.00018415868,0.00051190204,0.00009573989,0.00054194266,0.00023766782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99831635,0.00012794738,0.00074910827,0.00016945659,0.00054906897,0.00008805659],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010714291,0.00009568205,0.0002210285,0.00008504,0.0003803261,0.000037690552,0.00032900955,0.00012833124,0.0000742345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001443044,0.00005274571,0.00019940335,0.00025665155,0.00022559329,0.00067824154,0.00005156603,0.00018913831,6.938391e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008370355,0.00063418923,0.01058811,0.00017062594,0.00024877652,0.000006562735,0.53188115,0.00012879405,0.0918613,0.3450603,0.014440809,0.004895695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033864658,0.0005664772,0.018633677,0.001079755,0.00064492895,0.00010261425,0.58695155,0.002667746,0.019475428,0.3635335,0.002183972,0.0007739101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008653707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061147666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07238587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029575612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046566364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29251993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1914066805","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511977244.018","title":"The Evolution of Intelligence","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel; York University; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Leakey Foundation","keywords":"Globe; Natural (archaeology); Cognitive science; Social intelligence; Human evolution; Human intelligence; Cognition; Psychology; Geography; Sociology; Anthropology; Social psychology; Archaeology; Developmental psychology","score_opus":0.028868344119708702,"score_gpt":0.2228722159271941,"score_spread":0.1940038718074854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1914066805","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000050226943,0.00073612464,0.00058100396,0.000015154172,0.00022356771,0.00022129338,0.000027059741,0.000047818205,0.9980978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02361184,0.0005366652,0.0000130894405,0.000005870996,0.00011785351,2.6002763e-7,0.0000041431817,0.000007760484,0.9757025],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921614,0.00006105716,0.000121455174,0.00017467605,0.00024856415,0.00017809919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991929,0.000056630655,0.00020708595,0.00023965268,0.00023237064,0.000071340546],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001872017,0.00012078599,0.00013723593,0.00003870602,0.0005794977,0.00001760257,0.0005023167,0.00023261555,0.000012054177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026670428,0.000099413825,0.00013908549,0.000009436535,0.00075607485,0.000079957725,0.00011916402,0.00019292056,0.000016122696],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026846914,0.0000023789414,9.083675e-7,0.0000086241225,0.000030661733,0.000008292234,0.0010545094,1.837002e-7,0.0000106392945,0.9882861,0.0052679516,0.00530291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000041542335,0.000020669204,0.000011929899,0.00005925463,0.00007788797,7.860735e-7,0.0020895659,0.000002336587,0.000101113255,0.0004557179,0.996998,0.00014120335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008690768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037058935,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99173003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000379982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019628124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99791044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1921387562","doi":"10.37693/pjos.2014.6.11467","title":"Total Integrative Evolutionary Communication: Towards a Cybersemiotic Discourse Pragmatics","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Journal of Semiotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biosemiotics; Pragmatics; Semiotics; Grice; Linguistics; Human communication; Cognitive science; Psychology; Sociology; Communication; Philosophy","score_opus":0.016875044083749863,"score_gpt":0.31148408502027625,"score_spread":0.2946090409365264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1921387562","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60295624,0.006551178,0.030688995,0.124325134,0.002765677,0.0006624366,0.000022970913,0.00018161593,0.23184577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99000925,0.00038012423,0.0071982522,0.00025867796,0.00072307274,0.0000012578851,0.000008668079,0.000009390083,0.0014113238],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978185,0.0006220397,0.0004906681,0.00009178357,0.0006745131,0.00030248438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977438,0.00028195287,0.00054086995,0.00022475403,0.00096159324,0.0002470523],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018458606,0.00012601008,0.00025784643,0.00010361996,0.00047258704,0.00015195728,0.00052877056,0.00012389952,0.00020042011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0034157108,0.00008954486,0.00015413262,0.00038756774,0.00044479244,0.0009634101,0.000076204604,0.00042710695,0.000020317882],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045342535,0.00069620466,0.004947827,0.00004938057,0.00032326835,0.0000190085,0.13970035,0.0003380502,0.0001951616,0.7255934,0.06799855,0.06009345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033438888,0.0010426291,0.034060024,0.0012431176,0.00065926503,0.0008239746,0.5754096,0.008177367,0.00017910505,0.08316401,0.2903237,0.0015733554],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000185826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002394976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6424294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003619499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005379814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40891716},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963514116","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2013.2511","title":"Sociality influences cultural complexity","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":189,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Sociality; Sophistication; Repertoire; Tying; Population; Sociocultural evolution; Computer science; Biology; Sociology; Ecology; Anthropology; Social science","score_opus":0.08408227004853125,"score_gpt":0.3265360664333731,"score_spread":0.24245379638484182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1963514116","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9505935,0.0001440138,0.000001571493,0.0045817466,0.00012486192,0.00028703586,0.000002809897,0.00007267362,0.044191793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975485,0.00004166039,0.0007350395,0.00068791624,0.00021508952,0.000020722064,4.808507e-7,0.0000013593948,0.0007492053],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853545,0.00004500238,0.00021380451,0.00025938495,0.00053584954,0.00041049218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992669,0.00006122547,0.00021238571,0.000035558533,0.00033324637,0.000090651614],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001002208,0.000110896566,0.0001663299,0.0000052948303,0.0020427546,0.0002072623,0.00095022895,0.00015796207,0.00061547325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048259975,0.000050243685,0.00028181434,0.0005413142,0.0063070096,0.00045214518,0.00021250694,0.0001479694,0.000029772273],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057290285,0.00011763456,0.7318709,0.000023330042,0.00003484915,3.12807e-8,0.026043132,0.0000035251462,0.011272863,0.19269764,0.034791205,0.0031391939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017535697,0.00014437063,0.78523254,0.000039843708,0.000019390161,4.818945e-7,0.103188954,0.00029485105,0.0018020188,0.10337327,0.0053618313,0.00036710972],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008372082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004276966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08932438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007564987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005277393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99925643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963796658","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x08005025","title":"Languages as evolving organisms –<i>The</i>solution to the logical problem of language evolution?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Focus (optics); Cognition; Grammar; Universal grammar; Cognitive science; Logical conjunction; Inclusion (mineral); Computer science; Linguistics; Epistemology; Psychology; Philosophy; Biology; Social psychology; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.036508330834562536,"score_gpt":0.3427603074797721,"score_spread":0.30625197664520953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1963796658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98209995,0.0010903195,0.00009389377,0.011937928,0.0000700892,0.00029691766,0.000004884113,0.000045966095,0.0043600216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99676895,0.00002395153,0.00051965285,0.0004734799,0.00016827164,0.000015397582,0.000001588443,0.000002622777,0.0020260934],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986622,0.00018163111,0.00014985938,0.00020914582,0.0005211177,0.00027605274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995777,0.000090137044,0.000069767404,0.00010044919,0.00008165761,0.00008029967],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009273642,0.00008399404,0.000098583136,0.000033296157,0.0018814815,0.00007316159,0.00037255388,0.00005609235,0.00021832928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015988147,0.00004050869,0.00004468312,0.00065313996,0.0011898227,0.0002808639,0.00008527652,0.000085799365,0.00003069309],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043631408,0.00042738652,0.075765714,0.000021210126,0.000016404412,0.00006711875,0.5958943,0.000046889694,0.15882598,0.08178625,0.04241028,0.044694852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057877094,0.0013221963,0.35784495,0.00011490562,0.00008686924,0.00020717207,0.6068427,0.00007744615,0.004858952,0.0040080375,0.023268774,0.00078925584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014013109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00400743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28207925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041141477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012554495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99941796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966315970","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0072628","title":"Population Size and Cultural Evolution in Nonindustrial Food-Producing Societies","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":97,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Simon Fraser University; Canada Research Chairs; University of Missouri","keywords":"Population; Population size; Subsistence agriculture; Regression analysis; Biology; Species richness; Agriculture; Demography; Ecology; Statistics; Mathematics; Sociology","score_opus":0.051216169092316265,"score_gpt":0.26006351708971887,"score_spread":0.2088473479974026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966315970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99616987,0.00032101478,0.000001268288,0.001653924,0.000053646294,0.0003098841,0.0000011593535,0.000049065526,0.0014401592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974049,0.000051740324,0.00028837105,0.000044278433,0.0005394621,0.000024202305,0.000007331614,0.0000033908987,0.0016363708],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992206,0.00008925144,0.00011607942,0.00014233743,0.0002510745,0.00018066836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997455,0.000036153946,0.00004662346,0.000051681414,0.00007759817,0.00004243175],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019174685,0.0000571902,0.00010021274,0.000017328079,0.00024608796,0.000081481965,0.000048616133,0.00010380809,0.00017334486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005114544,0.000047569927,0.00001880343,0.00015933621,0.00006204213,0.00065753266,0.000018007779,0.00010451431,0.000026109485],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066199,0.0010537715,0.6441523,0.00017589299,0.00019566268,0.000001969099,0.20388159,0.000043736196,0.12285555,0.015458623,0.004172718,0.007941966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005943069,0.00008647816,0.96609986,0.00015083296,0.00003775272,3.037393e-7,0.026964815,0.00014815468,0.0006399847,0.0050169923,0.00004238851,0.0002181152],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0122257965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029796797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32194757,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017902195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021634718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99435186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972123852","doi":"10.4018/ijsss.2011010105","title":"Research Commentaries on Cangelosi’s “Solutions and Open Challenges for the Symbol Grounding Problem”","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Ground; Computer science; Open research; Engineering; Electrical engineering; World Wide Web; Programming language","score_opus":0.4498172447864514,"score_gpt":0.44345088174083325,"score_spread":0.006366363045618162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972123852","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5539949,0.12691946,0.004437638,0.16541281,0.012348436,0.006972792,0.00012984537,0.00006421261,0.12971987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995906,0.002910353,0.00007832549,0.0000848895,0.0005550277,0.000018984025,8.464697e-7,0.000003584733,0.00044198532],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900544,0.00020163784,0.0001942709,0.00007731497,0.0003770082,0.00014430855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986144,0.00070889946,0.00012968495,0.00004325265,0.00044242732,0.000061365114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026372499,0.000048450278,0.00010452912,0.00006327537,0.0006061283,0.0002851179,0.00038157008,0.000038821425,0.0000177775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002013184,0.000028264938,0.000026907317,0.000043136537,0.00015987146,0.00028489585,0.00007326729,0.000113638416,8.954699e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021218065,0.00014187812,0.0016155079,0.0000462262,0.00044431488,0.000018943363,0.16217566,0.000013281355,0.00030779967,0.80504286,0.009763531,0.020217797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016985917,0.0011590306,0.009746194,0.0014341105,0.00010680836,0.00021624866,0.80866796,0.00030121082,0.00006623523,0.017569989,0.15876718,0.00026641326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008775473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021214478,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7874729,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001295989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007130432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974664931","doi":"10.1017/s0007087408001775","title":"Margaret A. Boden, Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. xlviii+xxiii+1631. ISBN 0-19-924144-9. £125.00 (hardback).","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The British Journal for the History of Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Cognitive science; Psychology","score_opus":0.025258673040150156,"score_gpt":0.25370977797877853,"score_spread":0.22845110493862836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974664931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6070944,0.1618806,0.00083176605,0.0021226183,0.013828835,0.0024182994,0.0004432838,0.0001075326,0.21127267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7403211,0.020976523,0.00036336118,0.0004725236,0.00048206103,0.00000942831,0.000006889139,0.00002381102,0.23734432],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996388,0.00023723078,0.00042365876,0.00041870735,0.0018209976,0.0007113621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99706286,0.00031777617,0.0007185649,0.00028254426,0.0012732703,0.00034495522],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004207494,0.00018758849,0.00031310963,0.00013160735,0.0063004773,0.00009877658,0.0025478078,0.0000940786,0.0005131708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001662988,0.00014804804,0.00027587556,0.000692059,0.023674902,0.0017400259,0.0002046067,0.0004708424,0.000006797589],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006984893,0.00041038208,0.0005563799,0.000056201043,0.00010260789,0.0002399975,0.12767383,0.00011666643,0.0046805097,0.0035704784,0.8224312,0.03946325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076660054,0.00015724704,0.0013925026,0.00018503945,0.00010526329,0.000755192,0.014640862,0.0002123791,0.00014728346,0.00030002618,0.9810741,0.00026348553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010732417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011786353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15864292,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003859373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005786644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977604059","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x05440121","title":"From action to interaction: Apes, infants, and the last Rubicon","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Action (physics); Interpretation (philosophy); Psychology; Cognition; Cognitive science; Autism; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Developmental psychology; Neuroscience; Computer science; Linguistics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.056050996272808296,"score_gpt":0.3828449037301135,"score_spread":0.3267939074573052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1977604059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.975714,0.0002760947,0.000010336921,0.021697834,0.0001910183,0.0001250287,0.0000031488523,0.000026900412,0.0019556126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973682,0.000060082235,0.00019700384,0.0009804185,0.00051857694,0.000009465308,0.0000017042601,0.0000012211391,0.0008633355],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992984,0.000091366266,0.000084872416,0.00017362903,0.00021251566,0.00013922517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997432,0.000082809805,0.00003547267,0.00004296707,0.000023171846,0.000072357085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046070563,0.000055368393,0.00006750026,0.000024456122,0.00086093077,0.00025840662,0.00011065804,0.000035829187,0.00016474382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055930945,0.0000306188,0.00001863323,0.00019842059,0.0005665564,0.000623669,0.00004081523,0.000058759913,0.000019731133],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006319551,0.00004861777,0.008082236,0.000001309503,0.000003832132,0.0000014338925,0.08220909,0.0000053722,0.004808325,0.0063974736,0.00654345,0.8918357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011612913,0.00021889019,0.11203137,0.00005996591,0.00005057149,0.000012954003,0.19225188,0.00018315954,0.0010564894,0.0023707727,0.6901816,0.00042103708],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0128453225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024004936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89141464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002150953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002443491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99380445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978505880","doi":"10.1080/17470218.2010.537932","title":"Grammaticality is inferred from global similarity: A reply to Kinder (2010)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticality; Similarity (geometry); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Grammar","score_opus":0.04438851884330139,"score_gpt":0.396676458535441,"score_spread":0.35228793969213956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978505880","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.098571725,0.00074923004,0.00040970778,0.8856525,0.007475508,0.00037970455,0.00012473809,0.000044968463,0.0065919114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.11546577,0.000011272297,0.0017670211,0.8719636,0.01019354,0.000013033656,0.000054579566,0.000026819152,0.00050437247],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99661344,0.00057293806,0.0008820546,0.00046344812,0.0008617036,0.00060642575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982067,0.00008161315,0.0006557722,0.00048790252,0.00024614914,0.00032188607],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005069148,0.00033271805,0.00065391295,0.00009692566,0.0002471393,0.00018813723,0.00085513195,0.0017730555,0.0036461097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007631254,0.00027639358,0.00040440285,0.00020083324,0.0003737427,0.00034118828,0.00003152079,0.002594386,0.00027650993],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010466605,0.0001566778,0.00016599344,0.000003217379,0.0001228065,0.00039192114,0.022083145,1.6313415e-8,0.0027106772,0.00009422002,0.9709684,0.0031982383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087994436,0.00092352426,0.0014132375,0.000051766438,0.00007585676,0.00012589888,0.0064341477,4.757799e-7,0.00018648419,0.009819073,0.97967285,0.00041676624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044957623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00048137075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01689404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025326925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017295574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999688},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979453223","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1424033112","title":"A comparison of worldwide phonemic and genetic variation in human populations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Genetic data; Population; Geographical distance; Evolutionary biology; Geography; Variation (astronomy); Human genetic variation; Isolation by distance; Geographic variation; Genetic variation; Biology; Genetic structure; Demography; Human genome; Sociology; Genetics","score_opus":0.11677345588037567,"score_gpt":0.4044982412966777,"score_spread":0.28772478541630203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979453223","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932929,0.00018863163,0.000001146874,0.0012928008,0.0000124411945,0.00010697091,0.00000167122,0.0000041219255,0.0050992747],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99884504,0.000006207176,0.0009936284,0.000027832162,0.00003851245,0.000002975131,8.366325e-8,8.827976e-7,0.00008485462],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890155,0.000013036235,0.00023787578,0.00009231768,0.00067931827,0.000075889235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945295,0.000028870347,0.00029534593,0.000003326219,0.00019514424,0.000024391486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085463835,0.000034409913,0.00009092956,0.000099179524,0.00015791217,0.00001201064,0.00023474128,0.000045992605,0.0000058466067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005081004,0.000024212215,0.0000189518,0.00068250316,0.0004833317,0.0003157137,0.000037014484,0.000059320795,2.0484606e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000874547,0.00008119645,0.4299682,0.000028261395,0.0000048418647,2.8615534e-9,0.035855576,0.00043429647,0.2811702,0.25134277,0.0005348496,0.0005710834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014387074,0.000021383363,0.8808476,0.00004972976,0.0000071809163,4.791801e-7,0.004786838,0.00073761924,0.007992126,0.105319686,0.000049290255,0.000044252003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060237263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000031439613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45087934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044692824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003520559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17808558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979917259","doi":"10.1121/1.4809465","title":"Reliable but weak voice-formant cues to body size in men but not women","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Formant; Audiology; Normalization (sociology); Significant difference; Psychology; Phrase; Mathematics; Statistics; Medicine; Speech recognition; Linguistics; Computer science; Vowel","score_opus":0.00897579463544229,"score_gpt":0.2683923405518693,"score_spread":0.259416545916427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979917259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92476517,0.00036164976,0.0019975551,0.06422378,0.0002236378,0.0003251333,0.000011380633,0.000023067276,0.008068597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861917,0.0007674348,0.005258812,0.0034982248,0.00059183774,0.0000025958225,1.2712225e-7,0.000007433707,0.0036818227],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99828744,0.00017428563,0.00038713255,0.000075775475,0.00067675154,0.00039864433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989097,0.0003425546,0.00028632485,0.00016370937,0.00015299494,0.00014472978],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013715288,0.00009908277,0.00025495893,0.0000112766,0.00033641796,0.000026728532,0.0006847477,0.0000724391,0.00020855892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005565654,0.000049389488,0.00020183838,0.000345022,0.000417404,0.00022519183,0.00013114874,0.00035206962,0.000031463325],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010550026,0.000731784,0.0008294514,0.00006226256,0.00036760984,0.000004294686,0.29499814,0.017404018,0.20272705,0.00015570688,0.4371706,0.04449409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018851155,0.00105156,0.017733982,0.00030999375,0.00035326826,0.00004148032,0.67687196,0.02156896,0.007815849,0.0032708708,0.26844886,0.0006481257],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020911926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004425358,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38187382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039131724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014751022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31612715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982603183","doi":"10.1075/is.8.1.08vig","title":"The acquired language of thought hypothesis","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Context (archaeology); Object (grammar); Cognition; Computer science; Cognitive science; Dual (grammatical number); Materialism; Exploit; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Interface (matter); Linguistics; Human–computer interaction; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Epistemology; Philosophy; Programming language","score_opus":0.1407460481662204,"score_gpt":0.4036594301483235,"score_spread":0.2629133819821031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982603183","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99026877,0.006742964,0.000007105598,0.0010398966,0.00017755631,0.00015439893,0.0000026277712,0.000015793408,0.0015909182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99679613,0.002807494,0.000011303506,0.000020311949,0.0001326463,0.000019224262,0.0000022123215,0.0000017648779,0.0002089096],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990065,0.00036389328,0.0003026345,0.0000912082,0.00010130884,0.00013446074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905837,0.000610493,0.00014538078,0.00006744539,0.00009438808,0.000023938146],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011043801,0.00005998722,0.00014225481,0.000022555474,0.0010329902,0.00004758064,0.00009572199,0.00008382454,0.0000061892906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021560129,0.00003606599,0.000032338827,0.00012901456,0.0005184389,0.00008684507,0.000060089656,0.000072684335,0.0000018581394],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048004516,0.0003131124,0.13522679,0.000028397324,0.00012581357,0.000005661492,0.33149663,0.000001697383,0.011745855,0.19590448,0.0005741585,0.32409737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011360964,0.00004131611,0.124116056,0.00004247721,0.000014935988,0.0000018584163,0.8680653,0.000005577055,0.00027813343,0.001110552,0.006101324,0.000108893175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024471998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0058575133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53656864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047842062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000059127215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7945029},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982707930","doi":"10.1038/nature13998","title":"Experimentally induced innovations lead to persistent culture via conformity in wild birds","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":725,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Uppsala Universitet","keywords":"Conformity; Foraging; Social learning; Population; Parus; Social network (sociolinguistics); Social influence; Social psychology; Biology; Ecology; Psychology; Sociology; Demography; Computer science","score_opus":0.015578162537120778,"score_gpt":0.31794350257691634,"score_spread":0.30236534003979554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982707930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9465464,0.00020292976,0.000028939428,0.005430212,0.00035120684,0.0002682273,0.0000030675794,0.00007272289,0.047096327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939934,0.000004121806,0.00020149782,0.0033723875,0.0002595969,0.00001546549,0.000018381847,0.0000043703844,0.0021307475],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992031,0.000054986518,0.000109981665,0.00015102998,0.0002819218,0.00019901455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996706,0.000009187911,0.000035344736,0.000097552,0.0001223962,0.0000648649],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021628645,0.00007894933,0.000089278314,0.00005471482,0.00024206142,0.000043781427,0.00016974214,0.0006516567,0.00008648887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014529447,0.000060988357,0.000048728565,0.0006033979,0.000033595887,0.00021586727,0.000027843345,0.0006959308,0.000053500233],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000081051025,0.0003409495,0.007435559,0.000025343043,0.000059830727,0.000008724549,0.45671812,0.000028848252,0.26021913,0.14351365,0.06734604,0.06422275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019691698,0.00049740984,0.035769574,0.00015616072,0.00003620848,0.000010877847,0.17383167,0.00018418739,0.020766268,0.0021661513,0.7634277,0.0011846139],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012099285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005898789,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69608164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018798433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046125802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5026173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983393432","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsa.2005.08.020","title":"Copying and conflation in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Treatise on the astrolabe: a stemmatic analysis using phylogenetic software","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Eye Institute; Medieval Academy of America","keywords":"Astrolabe; Conflation; Copying; Extant taxon; Literature; Epistemology; History; Philosophy; Art; Evolutionary biology; Biology","score_opus":0.09930612207846612,"score_gpt":0.32550439793027514,"score_spread":0.22619827585180902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983393432","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99070096,0.0069622146,0.000009191124,0.00018597364,0.00008015094,0.00015395503,0.0000019747129,0.0000055248015,0.0019000643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996359,0.000113083624,0.00010554073,0.000035895948,0.000056667668,0.000010195602,4.7024443e-7,0.0000013993669,0.000040854615],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991445,0.0001064231,0.00017529816,0.00018069438,0.0002419706,0.00015110723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996264,0.00011806198,0.000101471254,0.000072944254,0.000059118516,0.000021981343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077772833,0.000069097856,0.00016982087,0.00017592694,0.00047641256,0.000009953348,0.00008320582,0.000024005258,0.000009453729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015516588,0.00004866694,0.00002328093,0.0006495791,0.0025599808,0.000116566676,0.000026603793,0.000052271385,3.400775e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011188157,0.00022517024,0.40385222,0.0002498181,0.00015212377,0.000024797728,0.4885828,0.007659473,0.0043131295,0.08958121,0.00018995277,0.0050574164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028170038,0.00067427766,0.67653954,0.0019997915,0.0010249096,0.0000072635394,0.16440672,0.017055826,0.00042538758,0.13088775,0.0025645422,0.0015970132],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013209519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023161445,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32417607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000262483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052965774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94323564},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987787182","doi":"10.1093/brain/awn290","title":"The sapient paradox: can cognitive neuroscience solve it?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brain","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognitive neuroscience; Cognitive science; Cognition; Action (physics); Theme (computing); Perception; Cultural neuroscience; Embodied cognition; Sociology; Psychology; Epistemology; Neuroscience; Computer science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03941829761619088,"score_gpt":0.316914296998419,"score_spread":0.27749599938222813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987787182","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8863865,0.00044807742,0.00021662925,0.063105345,0.0006697394,0.00037794965,0.000010572909,0.00009934519,0.04868585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98628867,0.00010473494,0.000008029091,0.0034623656,0.0001683198,0.00001114249,0.0000016786436,0.0000023978373,0.00995268],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991555,0.00010206739,0.00007093941,0.00012965116,0.00029407124,0.00024775765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996343,0.00014705794,0.000034943234,0.000064471686,0.00004693301,0.000072255134],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002893325,0.000047719386,0.00004349605,0.000008608713,0.0018957503,0.000045742654,0.0001667349,0.00002834073,0.000038167713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007532471,0.000029275625,0.000035634454,0.00020573377,0.00052920845,0.00010211058,0.000023456389,0.000066148576,0.00005052665],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004711548,0.00014791971,0.004579049,0.00000410844,0.000014945571,0.00020643936,0.5697423,0.000011392145,0.0063011395,0.076120496,0.25561514,0.08720995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060732744,0.0001401341,0.09382522,0.00003522558,0.000014518432,0.000037484813,0.10238194,0.00014510173,0.00069487694,0.0026019546,0.7990924,0.00042382505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019660322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009222369,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54347724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003689606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012120553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99940366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988671450","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2007.10.003","title":"Reflections on language evolution and the brain","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cortex","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Linguistics","score_opus":0.019680144970465007,"score_gpt":0.36340414690349565,"score_spread":0.34372400193303065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1988671450","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5496744,0.00080590113,0.0011411983,0.0066584726,0.0003094168,0.0002248221,0.0000013387429,0.00010591278,0.44107854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893214,0.000017731907,0.000022588332,0.0007900129,0.0003111678,0.0000029339444,0.0000017242041,0.0000020771058,0.009530362],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99954826,0.00007056099,0.000055695928,0.00007878698,0.00012189864,0.00012478465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997355,0.00011710341,0.000023260673,0.00006632411,0.000022252156,0.000035586083],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063324766,0.00003289026,0.00003817517,0.000018236686,0.00050213916,0.000025248451,0.000051574487,0.000038711598,0.00007641348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002366873,0.00001971337,0.000022961134,0.00015553128,0.00018396536,0.00006390962,0.000008513509,0.0000677169,0.000045402532],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000876953,0.000022815155,0.00024019553,0.0000019748086,0.000009651103,0.000007123527,0.081705846,8.174406e-7,0.0046254587,0.87679654,0.007340291,0.029161574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002770352,0.00017102454,0.31786615,0.000047066336,0.00006301669,0.000018664834,0.3285044,0.00007227891,0.0003904996,0.028908834,0.32075673,0.0004309616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028747234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013122515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84788775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006575651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018409473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73226714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989085267","doi":"10.1016/j.tics.2009.08.008","title":"Building social cognitive models of language change","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":235,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa","funders":"State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment; Santa Fe Institute","keywords":"Language change; Cognition; Cognitive science; Social cognition; Psychology; Probabilistic logic; Process (computing); Cognitive psychology; Human language; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.4056897449870293,"score_gpt":0.5252865315473902,"score_spread":0.11959678656036093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989085267","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000329559,0.9137595,0.000027609818,0.00006121905,0.000150174,0.00040761245,0.0001536536,0.00004911365,0.08506154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.038776476,0.9593388,0.000120532015,0.00008491268,0.00075110607,0.00010187476,0.00007053798,0.000013173865,0.00074258127],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99697423,0.0006315924,0.00046908183,0.0005754514,0.0007647456,0.00058489427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882704,0.00040419764,0.00046971467,0.000058802703,0.00016164378,0.000078623176],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013525592,0.00030938908,0.0010121946,0.00068599277,0.0005789961,0.000083056955,0.0004939898,0.00032445265,0.0003158432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002873241,0.0002379604,0.00037119613,0.003051945,0.0013655906,0.00074104714,0.0000771716,0.0003249054,0.000013342598],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034875998,0.000050677176,0.0000023489051,0.00015588485,0.000017764914,0.000014182861,0.030120786,6.353998e-8,2.0634901e-7,0.0042464756,0.00003616434,0.96535194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003827647,0.0016270073,0.000900335,0.14029592,0.0052435626,0.000045366913,0.48166525,0.00016543604,0.000045278568,0.02470566,0.33422533,0.007253193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002254286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023036199,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95809877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013997662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028283586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97037435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998109739","doi":"10.1002/0470018860.s00025","title":"Symbol‐grounding Problem","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Meaning (existential); Consciousness; Ground; Psychology; Communication; Epistemology; Computer science; Linguistics; Philosophy; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.010284041628301526,"score_gpt":0.30941954681720285,"score_spread":0.2991355051889013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998109739","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00047394648,0.0011513577,0.00009996645,0.00010306953,0.0005045171,0.00046286697,0.000026694466,0.00014072716,0.9970369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.056744955,0.002044634,0.00054454524,0.00006163125,0.0014005854,0.000023096793,0.000009836937,0.00005968471,0.93911105],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99780583,0.000088894645,0.00019853024,0.00041245995,0.0010113236,0.00048293566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990872,0.00009503158,0.0002901827,0.00012468392,0.00024256142,0.00016035243],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007696929,0.00017286414,0.00023322713,0.0002782291,0.00036339037,0.000058424557,0.0005341338,0.00016724919,0.0061550564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00078504113,0.00014689838,0.000072760864,0.0010054703,0.0020212901,0.00039431007,0.00008096021,0.00016874826,0.0003108544],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020441777,0.0002765986,0.0014599747,0.00015000162,0.000071242204,0.000026462083,0.08645961,5.560172e-7,0.0002999164,0.058186516,0.22914228,0.62390643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018815562,0.00003833089,0.00095507246,0.0007561019,0.000042949632,0.0000012360731,0.014045468,0.0000010179724,0.000052444306,0.0004830564,0.9830826,0.00035357304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020700484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030339416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75394034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000117308875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00075759925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003537400","doi":"10.12735/sst.v1i1p12","title":"Evolutionary Narratives: A Cautionary Tale","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science Today","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Narrative; History; Literature; Art","score_opus":0.01197021971045253,"score_gpt":0.30328696367604135,"score_spread":0.2913167439655888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003537400","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23310353,0.00014330524,0.0004474081,0.00846349,0.0007507747,0.00023048931,0.0000056752,0.00022670935,0.75662863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924394,0.000007592651,0.00023919121,0.00045842226,0.0010655787,0.00001563015,0.0000049313558,0.0000039660404,0.005765312],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980833,0.00020984655,0.00012573058,0.00028107734,0.00082115934,0.0004789015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945366,0.00003631486,0.00006639976,0.000091473376,0.00020351351,0.00014865372],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00122355,0.00008543308,0.00009815639,0.000061056075,0.0043328214,0.00009255062,0.00040378646,0.00008557756,0.0006559696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035922258,0.000073329655,0.000069328235,0.0010492232,0.0023311598,0.0008953564,0.0000628311,0.00010996319,0.0002270819],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000698344,0.000056548524,0.00092361664,0.0000029847224,0.0000041352027,0.0000017756344,0.13975681,0.0000031049376,0.005303309,0.8322564,0.011548923,0.010135454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038647768,0.00009101511,0.07696035,0.000019246641,0.000013276226,0.0000038851585,0.14213741,0.0001382989,0.00018272619,0.1026875,0.67681646,0.0005633669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008573642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003022391,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7593358,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037359542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045049813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969634},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007773403","doi":"10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01232.x","title":"The Challenges of Qualitatively Coding Ancient Texts","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Coding (social sciences); Cognition; Interpretation (philosophy); Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Reliability (semiconductor); Cognitive science; Psychology; Linguistics; Philosophy; Statistics; Mathematics; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.09022846386345158,"score_gpt":0.3995121088791917,"score_spread":0.3092836450157401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007773403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77355254,0.011186292,0.000266277,0.0012496633,0.000533715,0.00023956866,0.000005695023,0.00003135065,0.21293493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99911827,0.00035237125,0.000041057767,0.000072046925,0.00011108026,0.0000075230805,1.7040422e-7,0.0000014161138,0.00029608572],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877137,0.00015962223,0.000089903966,0.000112549795,0.0004996492,0.0003669181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899524,0.00037276,0.000079221,0.0000538855,0.00039702008,0.000101867256],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003105042,0.00004386264,0.000053889784,0.000026884021,0.0012301492,0.000035469042,0.00022811329,0.000018981264,0.000024532492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025229077,0.000026257245,0.000025808908,0.00043974916,0.0022995998,0.00059514906,0.00004791464,0.000046923327,0.00004057728],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006620423,0.000037418267,0.0008024849,0.0000042382967,0.0000037424127,2.4306306e-7,0.25137237,6.871163e-8,0.006793081,0.654069,0.00008436392,0.08682634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001878409,0.000064609034,0.21521898,0.000102774415,0.000014293963,0.0000011719064,0.7595799,0.000009939064,0.013686506,0.003868006,0.0070792725,0.00018670603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001082564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018133532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.650201,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054990884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013655236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94614375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010156491","doi":"10.1075/livy.3.03bou","title":"The origins of language variation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Linguistic Variation Yearbook","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Minimalist program; Computer science; Listing (finance); Linguistics; Basis (linear algebra); Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Cognitive science; Psychology; Mathematics; Philosophy; Syntax","score_opus":0.009885419831667538,"score_gpt":0.28371258569120067,"score_spread":0.27382716585953315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010156491","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.092650965,0.0011576161,0.018523632,0.0010924368,0.0040325033,0.00090044923,0.000014201193,0.00025923084,0.881369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99324214,0.000024981024,0.0005838177,0.000048576072,0.0004540216,0.0000069645544,0.0000034902594,0.0000043875325,0.0056316233],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992121,0.00018037381,0.00015097481,0.0000852986,0.00023811385,0.0001331697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994165,0.00016520204,0.00011323695,0.00011674524,0.00015494494,0.000033394295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006562087,0.000045834186,0.000058787336,0.000018734181,0.0003433427,0.000039791055,0.00009095296,0.00005252813,0.00023535496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033427035,0.000033001776,0.000032899712,0.00015256484,0.00005268517,0.00004343435,0.0000055207247,0.000055820994,0.000060240716],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002742501,0.00001133378,0.000082265076,0.0000023290168,0.000008916349,7.27839e-7,0.05478664,0.000007462517,0.00070014363,0.94390696,0.0000864362,0.0004040595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066919066,0.000057133948,0.024654726,0.000033231576,0.00010149317,0.0000014339686,0.009887172,0.00045524532,0.0008344742,0.059015676,0.9039906,0.00029962638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032773903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005659419,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90390414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013829302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015365586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49544555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012878790","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0914631107","title":"Gene-culture coevolution in the age of genomics","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":388,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Coevolution; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Gene; Allele; Human evolution; Balancing selection; Genetics; Linkage disequilibrium; Subsistence agriculture; Genomics; Genome; Agriculture; Ecology; Haplotype","score_opus":0.03297253984082941,"score_gpt":0.32097806875423146,"score_spread":0.28800552891340203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012878790","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762899,0.00010174622,2.5542536e-7,0.0035606914,0.000029982477,0.00015310184,0.000005928516,0.0000041892717,0.01985415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99882793,0.000043461943,0.000573995,0.0001959421,0.00013470251,0.0000042721076,2.0512901e-7,0.000001016957,0.00021847418],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986492,0.000014002277,0.00019963972,0.000106780906,0.0009167301,0.00011367157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994692,0.000043916818,0.00025880168,0.0000062224367,0.00020868654,0.000013155844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021074747,0.000046194837,0.00007947376,0.000052243257,0.00027893178,0.000019375591,0.00084999227,0.0000989427,0.000013114087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006531063,0.000023736213,0.000054713113,0.00072462123,0.0012669333,0.00036232307,0.000043280757,0.00018501798,6.971321e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000047181065,0.000033272212,0.0053102113,0.000012157001,0.000003122085,5.1469393e-9,0.017672239,0.000012607088,0.7639978,0.21164799,0.0010229652,0.00028291869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035130582,0.00006803056,0.49731228,0.00007586902,0.000027222663,0.000008580213,0.02947275,0.00020847622,0.23351857,0.22466263,0.014090179,0.00020410688],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019557297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028799168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5304792,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029867831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047722224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46680683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013355451","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12342095","title":"Positive Frequency Dependence in Graffiti: An Empirical Case Study of Cultural Evolution","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Categorization; Cluster analysis; Selection (genetic algorithm); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Sociology; Data science; Social psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.026159797587321006,"score_gpt":0.351717481938048,"score_spread":0.325557684350727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013355451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99756527,0.00055124616,0.000032363358,0.00030641435,0.000069719914,0.00023801229,0.0000030040364,0.000007282851,0.0012266726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99941516,0.0001003043,0.00013249162,0.000088212946,0.00016025355,0.000004675601,0.0000034135262,0.0000024278424,0.00009305047],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988596,0.0003089692,0.00029493874,0.000094524956,0.00031636038,0.00012565004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988057,0.00002013661,0.00022451146,0.000035196328,0.00079562963,0.000118797034],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024796816,0.00007821593,0.00015220804,0.000058120873,0.00019223055,0.00006094892,0.00006879155,0.0001038591,0.00011734935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011681287,0.000051072777,0.000044805663,0.00023289387,0.000089774854,0.0013313487,0.000009027003,0.00021235348,0.0000032335035],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012660169,0.0023167068,0.036282882,0.000033422944,0.00010370581,0.0019850684,0.9230098,0.0000191883,0.01809441,0.0011400889,0.0020319,0.014856236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013894467,0.0010674094,0.054594103,0.00010740579,0.00008355764,0.0017005731,0.9366011,0.000023555185,0.00013031524,0.004091261,0.000059037262,0.00015220532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032003126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010281688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018311223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006706368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052874693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5737423},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013760982","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x07002427","title":"Can a restrictive definition lead to biases and tautologies?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Lead (geology); Epistemology; Computer science; Psychology; Philosophy; Biology","score_opus":0.1648497482881908,"score_gpt":0.4033540007628623,"score_spread":0.23850425247467152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013760982","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98985976,0.00020754772,0.000021410506,0.0059578484,0.00007697024,0.00012419616,0.000006028591,0.000045732977,0.0037005309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983494,0.00003573265,0.00075142045,0.000478275,0.00006603339,0.0000048532806,0.0000018211047,0.0000012442337,0.0003111899],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99918616,0.000048641785,0.00008608047,0.00020238521,0.0002252894,0.0002514747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996588,0.0001293868,0.000031772244,0.000033025935,0.000038198647,0.00010877176],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067436806,0.00005941299,0.00006870776,0.00006625152,0.0008262308,0.00011864069,0.00008788149,0.000049470145,0.000017019976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028607,0.000041806208,0.000014295068,0.00044879934,0.00064608216,0.0002361961,0.00003749051,0.00004218529,0.000003662478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006171642,0.0001813299,0.1748558,0.000008095105,0.000004981306,0.00008524181,0.115780964,0.000001993352,0.019088687,0.08602493,0.004783951,0.5991223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034697284,0.0010613272,0.7617817,0.00007635537,0.00003147348,0.000025095567,0.21367843,0.000008868125,0.0016393184,0.011083776,0.009756523,0.00051017274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01084304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021982176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5986121,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027161706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004990596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958641},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013872858","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x13001842","title":"What shapes social decision making?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Outcome (game theory); Psychology; Group decision-making; Social psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Microeconomics; Economics","score_opus":0.07325831322490933,"score_gpt":0.3923336374545417,"score_spread":0.31907532422963236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2013872858","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10852855,0.00111227,0.000025355102,0.88508224,0.0011972217,0.000290569,0.000010314953,0.00012776403,0.0036257415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.21826005,0.0002715581,0.0005195982,0.75979906,0.011361026,0.000032623255,0.000028674696,0.000020421185,0.009706998],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974906,0.00023647297,0.00021190337,0.0005226507,0.001013116,0.00052529696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994489,0.00020223497,0.0001567301,0.00005728727,0.00007892764,0.000055941673],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009543252,0.000205815,0.00025366887,0.00009632138,0.0022948238,0.0014403113,0.00053722836,0.00048529328,0.0004738363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080910824,0.00014384011,0.000120232835,0.00034981847,0.0015332552,0.0010426947,0.000098970726,0.00043555273,0.000052617044],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025671955,0.000010813176,0.00012944549,0.0000073101687,0.0000017116583,0.000037022215,0.0060605756,7.775003e-8,0.000023298295,0.0004362172,0.8790044,0.11428653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007743901,0.00007933156,0.000861449,0.0001422092,0.00002872737,0.000008879795,0.0064458903,0.000006295406,0.0000015637381,0.0037046885,0.9883228,0.00032074878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008960641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012555148,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12528317,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005667939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012308276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995963},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014115998","doi":"10.1163/156853711x568699","title":"Five Clarifications about Cultural Evolution","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Novelty; Selection (genetic algorithm); Cultural transmission in animals; Natural selection; Epistemology; Randomness; Natural (archaeology); Sociology; Cognitive science; Psychology; Computer science; Social psychology; Evolutionary biology; Philosophy; Biology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","score_opus":0.030304217399114368,"score_gpt":0.300859756583847,"score_spread":0.27055553918473263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014115998","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5917146,0.015757442,0.0023401727,0.0039823996,0.0011662726,0.0004739104,0.00003052366,0.000111305104,0.38442338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933929,0.001309462,0.00057788816,0.00021336631,0.00040761012,0.0000021545761,0.0000071758536,0.0000024726367,0.0040869787],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993471,0.00009327918,0.0001815324,0.000062971005,0.00020722333,0.00010790286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990116,0.0000075224702,0.00020000913,0.00003166387,0.0006449249,0.000104322105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002022686,0.000059449445,0.000087656066,0.000032885997,0.0003752011,0.000048250837,0.00007309387,0.000115973766,0.0003354154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012703326,0.00003921123,0.00007186666,0.00014215079,0.0001270525,0.0006305004,0.0000059224244,0.00017501522,0.000020396747],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002528444,0.00043327716,0.0013108504,0.00004514828,0.00021382335,0.0000443604,0.6428591,0.0000017047743,0.020512706,0.204214,0.10565891,0.024453256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002539574,0.00055613904,0.08279534,0.00043936085,0.00063619117,0.00036913814,0.43222338,0.000018296812,0.0023241346,0.08124184,0.39620635,0.0006502857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000088689725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001785147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4016783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042335323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051988078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36725634},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016069715","doi":"10.1145/2070336.2070352","title":"How to make ada go 'viral'","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGAda Ada Letters","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Dynamics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Popularity; Mainstream; Point (geometry); Computer science; Viral marketing; World Wide Web; Advertising; Internet privacy; Business; Psychology; Political science; Social psychology; Social media","score_opus":0.03229160905340734,"score_gpt":0.253286128761819,"score_spread":0.22099451970841166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016069715","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91449606,0.00010335716,0.00017627342,0.07219303,0.00062929455,0.00028367134,0.0000051910583,0.00016733243,0.011945763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96885103,0.000009802538,0.0024736999,0.018583406,0.0005860227,0.000023535948,0.0000058744426,0.000013070719,0.009453582],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987519,0.000093393064,0.00010897644,0.0002463083,0.0003805702,0.00041886995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935526,0.000042463234,0.000051603674,0.0003344737,0.000042108608,0.00017407608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018144002,0.00012138813,0.00011751892,0.00003716869,0.00030030767,0.0001059862,0.00057287613,0.00007248238,0.00036961478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035619774,0.00010095209,0.00007531413,0.00023422838,0.0001102707,0.00033668376,0.00009719939,0.0001139099,0.00027609852],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000083245606,0.000090841044,0.0072670314,0.000021006228,0.00009317496,0.00027627367,0.15690048,0.000004905319,0.098781,0.009052366,0.6795838,0.04784591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003566248,0.00008735466,0.015884448,0.00003989791,0.00004103647,0.0000040193536,0.0173369,0.0000013672998,0.006035045,0.0013439598,0.95826,0.0006093381],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008590459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008134302,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27867624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000079924925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035298268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016429292","doi":"10.1037/0033-295x.114.2.245","title":"Word learning as Bayesian inference.","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Review","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1055,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Bayesian probability; Bayesian inference; Hierarchy; Associative property; Inference; Word (group theory); Associative learning; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Bayesian statistics; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Natural language processing; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0575203380667396,"score_gpt":0.4643476156847482,"score_spread":0.4068272776180086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016429292","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.024354758,0.09508645,0.0018859685,0.0068952884,0.0002882453,0.00044299843,2.5317416e-7,0.00025092266,0.87079513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89596987,0.090643324,0.0003037115,0.007312152,0.00026805152,0.00000992865,0.0000040184455,0.0000035869366,0.005485345],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988853,0.000198531,0.0001924784,0.00018546559,0.00024249798,0.00029572693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952847,0.000111862704,0.00006814958,0.0000953389,0.000050696464,0.00014548183],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014860663,0.00007333563,0.00015233019,0.000013098302,0.00025255833,0.000025734085,0.00018167416,0.000091929156,0.00636374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001963145,0.000046784695,0.00008627447,0.00036500217,0.00010131323,0.00009044286,0.000017293107,0.0002213795,0.0012077211],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000059049385,0.00004774023,0.0010703307,0.0000448794,0.0000037939221,0.000025141539,0.0008248929,9.314691e-8,0.000037787813,0.028752482,0.004570084,0.9646169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000722397,0.00006918261,0.008461496,0.0004848879,0.000014521539,0.0000029642863,0.0006045963,3.0701406e-7,0.0000026517773,0.0066253585,0.9835237,0.00013808005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013746606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012933054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97895366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003453542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011766031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99956995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017611320","doi":"10.1017/s0022226714000061","title":"A ‘Galilean’ science of language","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Transformational grammar; Scholarship; Criticism; Appeal; Linguistics; Theoretical linguistics; Epistemology; Anthropological linguistics; Relation (database); Applied linguistics; Sociology; Psychology; Grammar; Philosophy; Clinical linguistics; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.012725238652121365,"score_gpt":0.33292506329628657,"score_spread":0.3201998246441652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017611320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79896253,0.00049007306,0.00095737434,0.0002468585,0.0023416437,0.000055541954,0.0000023240616,0.000014993181,0.19692864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954893,0.000022034741,0.0021524648,0.000049347705,0.0019399497,6.1386785e-8,1.3320094e-7,0.000002139795,0.0003445934],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991047,0.0000491692,0.00021206567,0.000040916868,0.00047121427,0.000121972545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985204,0.00006944024,0.0002813242,0.00006343259,0.0009835198,0.00008190584],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013904474,0.00003337835,0.00010383336,0.000062191255,0.00013893796,0.000025034695,0.00023643671,0.000028636994,0.000046111334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0144170085,0.000024242243,0.000048582242,0.00023833771,0.00030232192,0.000048163627,0.000015806536,0.00008449426,0.000004604586],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007505639,0.00026335128,0.004750526,0.000079549856,0.00004726458,0.00007487376,0.21358134,0.00016004218,0.05115552,0.68944854,0.008656544,0.0317074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022565138,0.0013922197,0.0121157,0.0007144095,0.00034027934,0.00005773122,0.12512872,0.00092604954,0.044952247,0.034674644,0.7766596,0.00078190136],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002094259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000059635287,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76800305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046869838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021498682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018405720","doi":"10.1353/lan.2001.0100","title":"<b>Syntactic nuts:</b> Hard cases, syntactic theory, and language acquisition. By Peter W. Culicover Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Pp. viii, 244. Paper £16.99.","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Universal grammar; Linguistic universal; Generative grammar; Syntax; Language acquisition; Computer science; Second-language acquisition; Theoretical linguistics; Grammar; Philosophy","score_opus":0.008554282906705566,"score_gpt":0.2436388898649066,"score_spread":0.23508460695820102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018405720","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90836704,0.0144012235,0.00021471892,0.0006675573,0.000278717,0.00053383014,0.00021789288,0.00034445373,0.0749746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9608231,0.0036666465,0.00010351543,0.0013627273,0.00044516576,0.000008494219,0.00018960165,0.000030358296,0.033370383],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977705,0.0005054819,0.00019852731,0.00047130376,0.00044439328,0.0006098155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889874,0.0002797625,0.00014075593,0.00035778474,0.000060048027,0.0002629313],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045562678,0.0002754058,0.0002697488,0.000046444555,0.0006908587,0.00018996026,0.00031621335,0.00023365451,0.0031594352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022415404,0.00024002862,0.0001291794,0.0002834446,0.00023083025,0.0012724928,0.00011428901,0.00027685668,0.000047512232],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0031954688,0.001605477,0.01911944,0.00047317776,0.0010017678,0.009637302,0.27977633,0.000018760777,0.073394775,0.11380477,0.43770817,0.06026455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009899175,0.000098568606,0.0025837552,0.000063409636,0.00021234581,0.000151924,0.061723135,0.0000109989915,0.0007237825,0.00017225799,0.9326795,0.0005904287],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018416658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031727087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4949713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033719698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006120646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99775183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W202123134","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_1","title":"Introduction: Evidence for Duverger's Law from Four Countries","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in public choice","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Law and economics; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.16067352596616044,"score_gpt":0.3837402307608182,"score_spread":0.22306670479465776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W202123134","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00016471799,0.08012332,0.00002074754,0.08959444,0.0067694653,0.0012594999,0.00011275589,0.00025869976,0.82169634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013983903,0.021552598,0.00026011388,0.0022328557,0.030004786,0.00012727639,0.0000810299,0.00003289344,0.93172455],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981847,0.00005552586,0.0003424815,0.0005164153,0.0005189628,0.00038190954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99801373,0.0007876353,0.00022144681,0.00027170352,0.00063478807,0.00007066899],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062874425,0.00025203842,0.00043160326,0.000066536726,0.0007746286,0.00014434702,0.0003538385,0.00029079037,0.00075047667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023063903,0.00021832983,0.00014372158,0.00009268928,0.0007557686,0.00078413234,0.0000911809,0.0002613832,0.00007631696],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021066873,0.000008822434,0.000033702054,0.00003736917,0.0001561699,0.000006239213,0.006909063,7.2543395e-7,0.0000011475554,0.7320378,0.25368953,0.0070983977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016808022,0.00003285132,0.00007098741,0.00020283854,0.000057811434,6.118973e-7,0.002202081,5.1304596e-7,0.0000011639277,0.05593711,0.9410694,0.00025650417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031932078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08499092,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68737996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007703777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019196876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9317056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021344185","doi":"10.1177/1354067x06067143","title":"Cultural Neurophenomenology: Integrating Experience, Culture and Reality Through Fisher Information","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Culture & Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Schism; Psyche; Nature versus nurture; Epistemology; Sociology; Niche construction; TRACE (psycholinguistics); Perspective (graphical); Social reality; Psychology; Philosophy; Politics; Anthropology; Computer science","score_opus":0.02639076006525161,"score_gpt":0.3645861023103266,"score_spread":0.338195342245075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021344185","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36049402,0.0012407302,0.0005472975,0.0046531246,0.00092666363,0.00040352828,0.00001581258,0.00030301794,0.6314158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98854876,0.0003630111,0.001143239,0.0038047524,0.00077718415,0.000044431086,0.00015071918,0.0000069328826,0.0051609944],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864656,0.00021145554,0.00029228674,0.00028315163,0.0001882373,0.0003783077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941564,0.000011943408,0.00015516557,0.00016493195,0.00018735738,0.0000649758],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014244857,0.00017847732,0.00018556684,0.000024125553,0.00068305846,0.00015098894,0.00021520289,0.0003392488,0.00018720918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012798111,0.00011922053,0.000057766967,0.0003191232,0.00053298636,0.0015417346,0.00003792935,0.000301451,0.000056637287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056307523,0.00009542137,0.003937296,0.000018272896,0.000023881563,0.000013069505,0.4674878,0.0000037303253,0.007063082,0.23020433,0.28131068,0.009786109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003758448,0.00007115082,0.008211533,0.000009791465,0.000013149796,0.00002765575,0.04829406,0.0000033521974,0.000042329946,0.0072269463,0.93551415,0.0002100058],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002325667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012376438,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6542035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006069052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018140769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5253602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021656861","doi":"10.1177/1069397106287926","title":"Comparing Cultures and Comparing Processes: Diachronic Methods in Cross-Cultural Anthropology","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cross-Cultural Research","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Complement (music); Epistemology; Notation; Ethnography; Comparative method; Sociology; Cultural anthropology; Anthropology; Linguistics; History; Philosophy; Biology","score_opus":0.15523884518060793,"score_gpt":0.5803024139918467,"score_spread":0.42506356881123875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021656861","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9566393,0.006122731,0.000030466403,0.0005824435,0.00022032135,0.0005105859,0.0000045920856,0.00015958406,0.03573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921575,0.00066619937,0.00092089595,0.000029079894,0.0007356867,0.00008563901,0.00006176466,0.000018653942,0.0053245802],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953467,0.0009288715,0.0005452585,0.00075088866,0.0008960344,0.0015322167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99727136,0.0003653994,0.00012401892,0.00023113747,0.0017771425,0.00023095413],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002053558,0.00029371295,0.0004939212,0.00014824547,0.0031773816,0.0026920536,0.0006533394,0.00034680823,0.00022962903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024430966,0.00020570919,0.000097664175,0.0014144334,0.006902089,0.0026133985,0.00036630832,0.0009588618,0.000066670684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024582283,0.0003252775,0.8344513,0.00046379585,0.000054839576,0.00011030922,0.06250833,0.00052344863,0.040571947,0.049920898,0.004432929,0.0063911085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037182937,0.0002455524,0.77367437,0.00036751674,0.000031157808,0.00007615674,0.08886723,0.0016527914,0.009965425,0.010159016,0.109765135,0.0014773511],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.053832557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05629191,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10533221,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007532573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027834516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983432},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023590056","doi":"10.1075/fol.9.1.02ben","title":"Confrontation and support in bonobo-human discourse","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Functions of Language","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Conversation; Interpersonal communication; Grammar; Linguistics; Conversation analysis; Bonobo; Psychology; Discourse analysis; Negotiation; Syntax; Pragmatics; Relation (database); Sociology; Social psychology; Communication; Computer science; Philosophy; Anthropology","score_opus":0.019511701427956673,"score_gpt":0.31297422022577065,"score_spread":0.293462518797814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023590056","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8999089,0.00039357008,0.000038083606,0.000471572,0.00008703425,0.00010087738,0.000008304825,0.000027567106,0.09896409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97675216,0.000022593757,0.00004521408,0.000038793714,0.00008127058,0.0000065819413,0.000019058507,0.000002612485,0.023031736],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995765,0.000040081068,0.00009839206,0.00008131901,0.00010179917,0.00010187553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982846,0.000014194879,0.00003719478,0.00006523869,0.000021497553,0.00003340696],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011762027,0.00003838398,0.00006375376,0.000048835165,0.00012847043,0.000014033012,0.000039852708,0.000038398826,0.0026426963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000044188513,0.000033410455,0.000019820181,0.000119926066,0.00010624374,0.00019619735,0.000008313099,0.00004603105,0.00003437476],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025346113,0.00048398657,0.059965406,0.000052434443,0.000042346455,0.000063158615,0.74967474,0.000024283512,0.022589874,0.041330032,0.03906622,0.08668216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020611745,0.00032242163,0.1746534,0.00006915636,0.00009412472,0.000011685398,0.7728648,0.00016595169,0.0006907434,0.0007008109,0.04784005,0.0005256449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004258807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0113501465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.114687994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028669636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000871681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998269},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025047874","doi":"10.1002/meet.2008.1450450201","title":"People transforming information – information transforming people: What the Neanderthals can teach us","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Encoding (memory); Transformational leadership; Decoding methods; Cognition; Computer science; Event (particle physics); Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.009250399865963677,"score_gpt":0.25223445412875517,"score_spread":0.2429840542627915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025047874","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795831,0.000043408447,0.0005110328,0.016497316,0.00011605723,0.0009941382,0.000012875629,0.00012193278,0.0021201624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99665034,0.0011514162,0.00045561313,0.0015763141,0.000027029475,0.00010966692,0.00000753424,0.0000027035953,0.000019379757],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818593,0.000004925167,0.00046388162,0.000094845185,0.00079569936,0.00045469217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99772817,0.00005108801,0.0006357682,0.00010195656,0.0014162323,0.00006678119],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014622926,0.00013233196,0.00020684442,0.00020085259,0.0030829816,0.00036134158,0.000703416,0.00010158673,0.0000026560974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000630413,0.00008237632,0.00014409033,0.003672196,0.0024205027,0.022064112,0.00007469457,0.00019356761,0.0000027521223],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031722713,0.000015489073,0.0072130766,0.000121763194,0.00003205388,8.477945e-9,0.62920207,0.00001211711,0.0016897375,0.04653011,0.0017408744,0.313411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005436212,0.00013812145,0.0064330534,0.000049526752,0.000044773427,0.000038128248,0.87449765,0.0010296461,0.0057754163,0.00092841085,0.1102588,0.0002628366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001137289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021991176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31314817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018835324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004073537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99821484},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025156626","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2007.08.007","title":"Fine-grained sensitivity to statistical information in adult word learning","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Referent; Word (group theory); Word lists by frequency; Natural language processing; Object (grammar); Representation (politics); Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Psychology; Linguistics; Sentence","score_opus":0.010959753580165718,"score_gpt":0.294510092394549,"score_spread":0.2835503388143833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025156626","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93464196,0.0000032421556,0.04463208,0.00055134564,0.000092763,0.0001993596,0.000006331966,0.00007548679,0.01979743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988395,0.0000029121097,0.0004655121,0.000326142,0.000114087044,0.00000454469,0.00012220102,0.0000016665152,0.00012345926],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993722,0.000094467214,0.00011861074,0.00006162141,0.00017956237,0.00017354629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961877,0.000107482934,0.00003030551,0.000022425305,0.00015595955,0.00006504903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066372775,0.000040235594,0.00004860065,0.00006567478,0.00015689919,0.000035792324,0.000017996992,0.000046861533,0.00008725388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017072748,0.000038774953,0.00001254103,0.00026790306,0.000029037663,0.00039295168,0.000008449373,0.000093883216,0.00024176092],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013541918,0.000040006882,0.0026817836,0.000014323672,0.000003992758,0.000029233102,0.041137394,0.00006524983,0.0024891538,0.00782888,0.0012905167,0.944284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015883222,0.00015555971,0.9025379,0.00021305273,0.000037018668,0.0000075328844,0.05578225,0.0015562032,0.0033893692,0.0074671577,0.026601903,0.0006637616],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008007397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022220213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94362026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007922505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002282706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99562174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029638503","doi":"10.7202/015075ar","title":"Les artefacts de la connaissance. Une perspective biogénétique structurale du symbole et de la technologie","year":2003,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Anthropologie et Sociétés","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.09514249823260804,"score_gpt":0.5617456922658157,"score_spread":0.4666031940332077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029638503","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45141453,0.019554477,0.0010585408,0.12900065,0.0031269835,0.00046373068,0.00006421345,0.0006486059,0.39466825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9683562,0.026136314,0.0012707948,0.0008771023,0.00019668414,0.000030914067,0.000008497157,0.00002828603,0.003095191],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9945914,0.0035332923,0.00025639535,0.00049124216,0.00026048685,0.0008671776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980595,0.0011943226,0.00015165379,0.0002589334,0.00018730361,0.00014826766],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017871866,0.00034390396,0.00038135482,0.000055914545,0.0010867488,0.00017144368,0.00041088357,0.0012309295,0.006477989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033926796,0.00029910123,0.00022631425,0.0006149972,0.009521977,0.00048657853,0.00009252826,0.0009778205,0.00005931881],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001258728,0.00018403234,0.003405636,0.000021898844,0.00010095104,0.00015868532,0.028765935,0.00003760751,0.0021792473,0.9370062,0.020282842,0.00784442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062162825,0.00018634264,0.0070195026,0.00008131134,0.000100357516,0.00011302377,0.5896439,0.000022166163,0.012297368,0.30966792,0.0797097,0.00053679413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037165847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018536104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62733823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013432365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008649729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999461},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030790106","doi":"10.7202/015039ar","title":"Cognition animale et humaine","year":2003,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Anthropologie et Sociétés","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.23689307932880993,"score_gpt":0.5852022212294314,"score_spread":0.3483091419006215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030790106","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07567243,0.022319904,0.00078394805,0.15258722,0.018945325,0.0005146743,0.000074549534,0.00031395387,0.728788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9278787,0.023245638,0.00065094203,0.003380096,0.00033347475,0.000018632205,0.00005702639,0.00001975201,0.04441577],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971373,0.0013169767,0.0002577238,0.00035748724,0.00032571665,0.0006047633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999231,0.00022242584,0.00010224428,0.00016609729,0.00015776562,0.00012050476],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001028779,0.0002210344,0.0002544582,0.000027444916,0.0008925301,0.00008605315,0.00017074644,0.00040384408,0.073150985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007576222,0.00020131587,0.00018397273,0.0003898922,0.0020383731,0.00069912476,0.00004406487,0.00037499212,0.0008621184],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020898873,0.0006218488,0.00041358365,0.000054237524,0.00012023597,0.00009325147,0.021283146,0.000006473927,0.0018721219,0.71584076,0.22721945,0.03245398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090513314,0.00041105223,0.00094031915,0.00009001782,0.00018513801,0.000024832189,0.23859748,0.00001348506,0.0025563256,0.054389514,0.7012816,0.00060510705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002487559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013378246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85220623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019853278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023724961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991584},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030832551","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x05310089","title":"language and the game of life","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Coining (mint); Language-game; Computer science; Linguistics; Cognitive science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Communication; History; Philosophy; Archaeology","score_opus":0.034472924643184404,"score_gpt":0.34701173479559516,"score_spread":0.31253881015241075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030832551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9844624,0.0018559298,0.000002511398,0.010458219,0.000028436994,0.00007962664,0.0000015987044,0.000012323233,0.0030989444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981247,0.00006989013,0.00010755634,0.00043406556,0.000106149004,0.0000028204554,3.0196094e-7,7.615502e-7,0.001153761],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994441,0.00007829333,0.00007808478,0.000093772265,0.00019260595,0.00011314292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979717,0.000062695464,0.000038411694,0.00003471301,0.00001716688,0.00004984189],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070008973,0.00003641041,0.00006968555,0.000014961795,0.00032578516,0.00005850419,0.00010882592,0.00002488782,0.00008011636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008885978,0.000018095507,0.000019228846,0.0001475668,0.0017666987,0.00021645523,0.000028860884,0.00003148593,0.000002375468],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050111474,0.00010056301,0.027138835,0.000009741075,0.0000055336627,0.0000024408387,0.4128645,0.0000034957861,0.0062010894,0.13078155,0.0028385122,0.42000362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004111212,0.0004663556,0.2008243,0.000080105725,0.000106366184,0.000017188791,0.692549,0.00044980468,0.0015550584,0.0058767907,0.09322452,0.0007392779],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041016215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028489898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41926435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000044081967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036085294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65094745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032024911","doi":"10.1080/0043824042000303719","title":"Knowing ways/ways of knowing: Reconciling science and tradition","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Archaeology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Postmodernism; Sociology; Perspective (graphical); Narrative; Sociology of scientific knowledge; Context (archaeology); Social science; History; Philosophy; Computer science; Archaeology","score_opus":0.04944106252991143,"score_gpt":0.2846645091511218,"score_spread":0.23522344662121036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032024911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9509943,0.00043045916,0.0007781498,0.01615733,0.00026317462,0.0001537028,0.0000013424108,0.00006022518,0.031161277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968219,0.000033351454,0.0018240674,0.00087028544,0.00020413277,0.0000049368505,0.0000016454964,0.0000030495075,0.00023666536],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991057,0.000042914216,0.00013983126,0.00019678485,0.00023513412,0.00027961584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961436,0.000064934546,0.000056294826,0.000080154685,0.00011326272,0.00007101736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00073412695,0.000059179896,0.000112346526,0.00013660891,0.0004312847,0.00000958861,0.00016004249,0.000044242086,0.00004735901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029336984,0.000052374493,0.00002771659,0.00053198746,0.0022337306,0.0002951634,0.000053999356,0.00012258562,0.000007190435],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000095260875,0.000019757263,0.0010288672,0.000012891211,0.000006570517,0.000015855183,0.11447555,0.000030744333,0.018231105,0.8428357,0.000084566775,0.023248835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00246434,0.00047559253,0.021131149,0.0003400027,0.00008574743,0.00008302342,0.05511144,0.00026734534,0.046011664,0.60091215,0.27213383,0.0009837168],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018693379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054809717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27204925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014637853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002618173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8230273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037972080","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x04410176","title":"Cognition and communication in culture's evolutionary landscape","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Cognition; Cognitive science; Psychology; Sociology; Computer science; Neuroscience; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.038851999658357686,"score_gpt":0.34913166028616405,"score_spread":0.3102796606278064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2037972080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886896,0.0019104287,0.0000053883186,0.0040111504,0.000029539513,0.000114373615,0.0000027884862,0.000026128446,0.0052105803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985977,0.00037249379,0.0005837254,0.00017996637,0.000031867152,0.0000091284255,0.00000916578,0.0000010745749,0.0002148821],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993988,0.00007002445,0.00008130579,0.0001381686,0.0001742418,0.0001374588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983656,0.000020004785,0.000029335315,0.000036342608,0.000029021083,0.000048708178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038091853,0.00004833289,0.000055300945,0.000040672927,0.0006473648,0.00008398577,0.00008739611,0.000052892272,0.00003064957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037022837,0.00003569803,0.00001138546,0.00027097564,0.0006041902,0.0005181646,0.000031028252,0.000058145033,0.0000040037994],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006274714,0.0008112816,0.3086297,0.000032172164,0.0000076051388,0.000033316104,0.26804748,0.00004548055,0.016753564,0.2886222,0.0045662355,0.11238822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020459075,0.00047824267,0.72201693,0.0002445415,0.000037459602,0.000041200117,0.16771707,0.00005958498,0.0003048249,0.09277553,0.013660941,0.00061777915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035014604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006195394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41338724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023044642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048661263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5293184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041782663","doi":"10.3390/info4010094","title":"The Teleodynamics of Language, Culture, Technology and Science (LCT&amp;S)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Information","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario College of Art and Design; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sentience; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.004182609783519012,"score_gpt":0.26715438950123704,"score_spread":0.262971779717718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041782663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9569125,0.00019008528,0.000198765,0.00081716693,0.00007466957,0.00017167756,0.0000012333617,0.00004333041,0.041590538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989854,0.00008423955,0.00031096282,0.000055999,0.000017458202,0.000008287202,0.0000031023278,5.7227385e-7,0.0005339985],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99957705,0.000009211626,0.00010067578,0.000029326698,0.00017228536,0.00011146309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963295,0.000012030873,0.00007165026,0.000069193804,0.00019199678,0.000022192959],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024228722,0.000027443133,0.000030894927,0.000060695293,0.00047374866,0.00009576301,0.0001377697,0.000043884902,0.000015634687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029667083,0.000015862957,0.000008288041,0.00047992292,0.00051678746,0.0013884444,0.00002820573,0.000044112654,0.000057068242],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000033812255,0.000007957474,0.0014685222,0.000013933909,0.0000056911877,6.973096e-8,0.15238199,0.000007848384,0.0058375476,0.40860254,0.0021408102,0.4295297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005134872,0.000093808936,0.030935965,0.000049193106,0.00001934482,0.000011940848,0.5338254,0.0020451823,0.003732802,0.029985342,0.3984221,0.0003654728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008525008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044127507,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42916423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030191895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004349913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36437395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042424912","doi":"10.14430/arctic887","title":"Sacred Ecology, Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management, by Fikret Berkes","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ARCTIC","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ecology; Geography; Resource (disambiguation); Environmental resource management; Biology; Environmental science; Computer science","score_opus":0.01703262909327682,"score_gpt":0.2629495490300245,"score_spread":0.24591691993674766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042424912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7602464,0.000722784,0.0000010175289,0.0020037196,0.000046706704,0.00014651271,0.0000107513615,0.000060033544,0.23676208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.975819,0.0003626245,0.00008389158,0.00047589402,0.00012597398,0.000016593778,0.000037230024,0.0000028123354,0.023076016],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993615,0.00013246897,0.00007603265,0.00015106537,0.00008942232,0.00018948692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997656,0.00008563116,0.000016287624,0.00004876785,0.0000119785855,0.00007177476],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016735843,0.000055504923,0.00006676431,0.000013286721,0.0003917742,0.000029146657,0.00008698363,0.00006947691,0.0047460846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025892534,0.000045341392,0.000027008198,0.00009572818,0.00021647228,0.000107172025,0.000013208493,0.00006616272,0.00019243792],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008055622,0.0009645365,0.02183846,0.0000634445,0.00017270284,0.000075549564,0.030977469,0.000010422054,0.00016488718,0.107554734,0.66065276,0.1774445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034742738,0.00006498092,0.16759473,0.000009520152,0.000031604057,0.000005839351,0.0025100766,0.000021546588,0.000004375902,0.0067593083,0.822522,0.00012861412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025856486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012018043,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21557257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059683185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010532696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046563305","doi":"10.1524/stuf.2008.0025","title":"Analyzing feature consistency using dissimilarity matrices","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Typology and Universals","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Congruence (geometry); Feature (linguistics); Consistency (knowledge bases); Computer science; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Mathematics; Statistics; Linguistics","score_opus":0.022797147535561578,"score_gpt":0.30029962055765647,"score_spread":0.2775024730220949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046563305","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96507937,0.005485507,0.000061280625,0.000731115,0.00009590069,0.00006675395,0.00000646509,0.000064491804,0.028409135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99451286,0.000615303,0.00065959425,0.00015116022,0.00013280843,3.2438837e-7,0.000006433658,0.0000032088228,0.003918319],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940264,0.000141378,0.000058389844,0.00013580767,0.000069727226,0.00019206082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997256,0.000050719274,0.000048123504,0.00007186862,0.000033668908,0.000070057904],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011870993,0.00006723058,0.000117307565,0.000047502057,0.0008274887,0.000012047466,0.000078137,0.00014560127,0.00029601264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007594546,0.000056257002,0.000035793168,0.00017663301,0.00040972256,0.00019558724,0.000025648875,0.00010970488,0.0000057465777],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016143611,0.00014460701,0.28142542,0.000059618058,0.00026919486,0.002948693,0.44948202,0.000012972219,0.013824976,0.23538108,0.008831317,0.007458669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024441935,0.0001908133,0.14189713,0.00011995442,0.0005922245,0.0006810939,0.79029655,0.00022718783,0.001332447,0.0028575084,0.057823896,0.0015370253],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043996014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020474512,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3408145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000035724042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061118386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6650911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050367651","doi":"10.1075/pc.15.3.13har","title":"Maturana’s autopoietic hermeneutics versus Turing’s causal methodology for explaining cognition","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics & Cognition","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Autopoiesis; Superordinate goals; Hermeneutics; Epistemology; Cognitive science; Turing; Metaphor; Cognition; Enactivism; Psychology; Philosophy; Computer science; Social psychology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.11821899399094947,"score_gpt":0.40231265517869885,"score_spread":0.28409366118774937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050367651","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6143014,0.00032953807,0.22914164,0.0022012522,0.0053455937,0.0028914693,0.00008669797,0.0008989772,0.14480345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97165954,0.00006215768,0.026669951,0.00028413488,0.0007054404,0.000061752304,0.00023522116,0.000018862516,0.00030295626],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983484,0.000266636,0.00033773892,0.00022112584,0.00033730757,0.00048876903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99834746,0.00089365355,0.00019985679,0.00009838909,0.00034148875,0.000119171906],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020407238,0.0001448096,0.00018108901,0.000088560766,0.0006725434,0.0000812955,0.00011319545,0.00022925428,0.00014666791],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016506218,0.00014279211,0.00008981218,0.00021476863,0.0001467522,0.00031706778,0.0000238306,0.00016497764,0.000056797715],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0031913887,0.00064528803,0.000091362315,0.0007762746,0.00063221646,0.00009276386,0.31801277,0.00007665793,0.048856787,0.272197,0.003914131,0.3515134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018602556,0.0019004125,0.008195306,0.0008713086,0.0040072664,0.00008545587,0.41632408,0.0037508905,0.045273956,0.44427317,0.053422425,0.0032931736],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014329654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023571325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35735813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014814262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082892155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5822893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052279398","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x05480085","title":"in the tiniest house of time: parametric constraints in evolutionary models of symbolization","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Parametric statistics; Population; Cognition; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Sociology; Statistics; Neuroscience; Demography","score_opus":0.052205361051700316,"score_gpt":0.34604134740620474,"score_spread":0.2938359863545044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052279398","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963031,0.0003138605,0.000009204166,0.0015870555,0.000019936295,0.00013589056,0.0000045230495,0.0000070201077,0.0016194043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995127,0.00005414502,0.0002210019,0.00008457157,0.000024520947,0.0000045081465,0.0000010684141,0.0000011082614,0.00009643128],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914217,0.00013748399,0.00017599844,0.00010915572,0.00030417438,0.00013100076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974054,0.00009530549,0.00006756885,0.000041499447,0.000035674315,0.000019386613],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008773096,0.000042981497,0.000087771645,0.00011176806,0.00011473605,0.00001690773,0.00016748412,0.00004429796,0.000063861306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000776444,0.000027232803,0.00001901233,0.0009980989,0.0010634221,0.0005077196,0.000015981064,0.000042427604,0.0000020939976],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054621585,0.0020437175,0.39803812,0.00004721262,0.000005546206,0.000016524742,0.28738073,0.004748707,0.013645617,0.15160917,0.0041432003,0.13826685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019492579,0.0008408428,0.77839535,0.00027875692,0.000049275604,0.000026477697,0.1651942,0.014245817,0.0015480554,0.035102516,0.0016078164,0.00076160673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002971305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001799108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38035727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002021095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008020908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44917443},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052351054","doi":"10.4204/eptcs.9.12","title":"How Creative Should Creators Be To Optimize the Evolution of Ideas? A Computational Model","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Vlaamse regering","keywords":"Creativity; Function (biology); Diversity (politics); Population; Fitness function; Ideal (ethics); Sociology; Psychology; Epistemology; Computer science; Social psychology; Demography; Biology; Philosophy; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.011333738878652974,"score_gpt":0.2871389603538102,"score_spread":0.27580522147515724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052351054","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47222316,0.00018997787,0.47738406,0.030920144,0.00008186333,0.0007424469,0.0000022867973,0.000103445826,0.018352639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871474,0.000007190982,0.0119831795,0.0006978287,0.000080402635,0.000012313462,5.1933966e-7,0.000003611677,0.00006756223],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99782133,0.000040778767,0.00018952125,0.00038401017,0.0009029154,0.00066146284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919057,0.000076466305,0.000082542145,0.0000891568,0.0004226648,0.00013858383],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017274431,0.00012678544,0.00016360292,0.00013749975,0.0005514898,0.00022062933,0.00083538,0.000068244306,0.00001340988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004834894,0.00008542499,0.000056733916,0.0016888687,0.0017673757,0.00064031634,0.00009463581,0.00024808472,0.0000015679329],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029745614,0.00004035984,0.000036520014,0.0000015467854,0.0000022982192,2.5935208e-7,0.010649362,0.0057017365,0.00034364042,0.981305,0.000093303475,0.0017962538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017123377,0.00027667353,0.0007081314,0.00002955518,0.000007700465,0.0000030090857,0.0023457673,0.36652488,0.00037304405,0.62937444,0.000045876164,0.00013968891],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008155326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025449786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5149242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009178907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057728746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65119696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059762258","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0045150","title":"The Pace of Cultural Evolution","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":181,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pace; Human evolution; Biological evolution; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Inheritance (genetic algorithm); Time evolution; Experimental evolution; Ecology; Geography; Genetics; Physics","score_opus":0.04948130886610908,"score_gpt":0.28140203908380595,"score_spread":0.23192073021769688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059762258","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9693058,0.003310588,0.000008814126,0.0010927159,0.00006675842,0.000098489436,0.0000011423068,0.000028850463,0.026086856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99440324,0.00017610815,0.00010181455,0.00001826694,0.0003691922,0.000005302029,0.0000013824035,0.0000015321281,0.004923166],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941725,0.0000718917,0.000060534952,0.000033757326,0.00025056207,0.00016603836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997432,0.000032036005,0.000040859144,0.000059256337,0.000083892526,0.000040756782],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002454446,0.000027283351,0.000044579945,0.0000046576374,0.0003326542,0.000012865095,0.00007692631,0.00003179319,0.00006618057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021113589,0.000015345826,0.000023444467,0.00010043919,0.00011008958,0.0002446516,0.00001169973,0.000039390296,0.00006218061],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053422784,0.0016175482,0.07959415,0.00006560751,0.00027021064,4.471661e-7,0.23768786,0.0000014059672,0.13186218,0.52878696,0.014698137,0.0053621065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011481876,0.0002529995,0.34817466,0.0004395855,0.00065877143,0.0000018794198,0.47909254,0.00010868348,0.068993054,0.008347283,0.091842495,0.0009398644],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007929365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037510734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5204396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059245245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015670716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25585407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061270501","doi":"10.1386/tear.3.3.155/1","title":"Electric flesh - the electromagnetic medium","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technoetic Arts","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Alberta University of the Arts","funders":"","keywords":"Morphing; Object (grammar); Computer science; Einstein; Human–computer interaction; Living systems; Dynamics (music); Cognitive science; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Physics","score_opus":0.009807354154391696,"score_gpt":0.2691846185396044,"score_spread":0.2593772643852127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061270501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62304413,0.0037871208,0.00019435034,0.07432216,0.0002327019,0.0006954234,7.8963734e-7,0.0010226971,0.2967006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99093837,0.00013122334,0.00023133631,0.0006521287,0.00070657994,0.000026826923,0.0000011323515,0.0000061312326,0.007306272],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990597,0.000041056082,0.0001063734,0.00012955579,0.0003167584,0.00034657668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966127,0.00003648706,0.00003785671,0.00017178114,0.000040453924,0.000052180694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030383936,0.00007246347,0.00006747975,0.000034763736,0.00055713253,0.00004150439,0.00028583244,0.00007879012,0.0005442981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012958351,0.000045675,0.000041607786,0.00042850946,0.00014156889,0.000101536934,0.000021973632,0.00014552489,0.00043734844],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017221058,0.00017940009,0.00025773322,0.000009490583,0.00003095854,0.000017848786,0.03110595,0.000006998594,0.06976226,0.32738063,0.17844345,0.39278805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020077886,0.00011182158,0.0015138286,0.000012045719,0.000041420237,0.000015202278,0.0032515263,0.00012795489,0.008664971,0.013686328,0.9721248,0.00024931098],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003026022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016239672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7936814,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009772269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000072486844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59596825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061593270","doi":"10.1186/1741-7007-11-108","title":"Q&amp;A: Cognitive ethology - inside the minds of other species","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Biology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Ethology; Cognitive science; Cognition; Animal cognition; Neuroscience; Evolutionary biology; Psychology","score_opus":0.08738787993535405,"score_gpt":0.3560464570093638,"score_spread":0.26865857707400975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061593270","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9149413,0.0004273097,0.00032128964,0.0011174788,0.00015491965,0.00018808088,0.000007381647,0.000017983344,0.08282425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991292,0.000020867552,0.000256005,0.0006053439,0.00019708877,0.000019736002,0.0000064963606,0.0000023079815,0.007600128],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926966,0.00034922638,0.00009319209,0.00008991291,0.000043602613,0.00015441328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951553,0.0002476853,0.00006140372,0.000066329696,0.00008930069,0.000019738227],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019652898,0.000044947785,0.0000893217,0.000015659121,0.00012729026,0.0000068908985,0.0001110806,0.00012131427,0.002437165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036927566,0.000024037974,0.00003931939,0.00009068708,0.0007753834,0.00004675507,0.000027795373,0.00006105001,0.00031290788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007778595,0.00015342639,0.2459031,0.000019670015,0.00012314669,0.0000018314682,0.14936455,0.0000013987548,0.08547141,0.46406308,0.020218445,0.034602165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061480136,0.00018130403,0.422074,0.000020671967,0.000048614296,0.000009428431,0.08485718,0.00000416441,0.0023594566,0.024720263,0.4648222,0.00028791482],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00761608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011137697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44460374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011353988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003901487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99899226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061837346","doi":"10.1086/421419","title":"Bridging the Gap between Human Kinds and Biological Kinds","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Bridging (networking); Biological evolution; Natural (archaeology); Human evolution; Evolutionary biology; Sociology; Cognitive science; Biology; Psychology; Philosophy; Computer science; Paleontology; Genetics","score_opus":0.09452334302358453,"score_gpt":0.3462435604968024,"score_spread":0.2517202174732178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061837346","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9619803,0.00015575699,0.000038998565,0.0074415063,0.000055095945,0.00009051168,0.0000025410684,0.000026934053,0.030208344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992789,0.000021301335,0.00009236741,0.00014074009,0.00044140551,0.000002048433,9.962162e-7,0.000001379571,0.000020884045],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990621,0.000034910758,0.000109084205,0.00018619407,0.00038565122,0.00022203273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996639,0.00002526995,0.000065312204,0.00010003428,0.00006627257,0.00007919302],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008349819,0.00005623336,0.000084058214,0.000039853,0.0013615476,0.000052681437,0.00040825666,0.00003791026,0.000015196717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001306716,0.00003267593,0.00002995187,0.0005099655,0.004552587,0.0003604218,0.00007633496,0.00008249249,0.0000046415767],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003253559,0.000035808916,0.019277781,0.000006835405,0.0000060502125,0.000002784404,0.027663283,0.000009216981,0.038251672,0.9059837,0.000022242297,0.008737355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045033832,0.00021872135,0.37758043,0.00008070148,0.000020716348,0.0000042894458,0.0044363993,0.000007276744,0.007027708,0.60882753,0.001038516,0.00030734396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008564823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004030371,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35830265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004553872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006780437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993855},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062026891","doi":"10.1121/1.4806630","title":"Acoustic differences in the speaking and singing voice","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Singing; Loudness; Acoustics; Speech recognition; Quality (philosophy); Psychology; Communication; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.015606840481367035,"score_gpt":0.2665565139579786,"score_spread":0.25094967347661157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062026891","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96024513,0.0008644785,0.012176841,0.025357185,0.00016359129,0.0002069863,8.1093617e-7,0.000006762525,0.0009782312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967427,0.00044039395,0.0011780906,0.001338625,0.00022422202,7.7579887e-7,3.717322e-8,0.0000028114725,0.000072326315],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987423,0.0003525191,0.00021693106,0.000047740446,0.0004457902,0.00019476145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986994,0.000816139,0.00025183236,0.000097192584,0.00009793574,0.000037487454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090149103,0.00006656646,0.00014811709,0.0000075740445,0.0004691261,0.00005343784,0.0005113504,0.000040711977,0.00005647294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046731933,0.000024965651,0.00011950269,0.00026145938,0.0009164592,0.00016378993,0.00006583008,0.0003109408,0.0000029935761],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008618435,0.0004038045,0.015204351,0.00011945121,0.00027204416,0.000005035606,0.7265401,0.0032162718,0.055180524,0.00022684358,0.038781036,0.15996435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046393726,0.00022283864,0.15685698,0.00030539802,0.000408174,0.000054012395,0.78861666,0.04410232,0.00006755279,0.0067156833,0.0019448426,0.00024163595],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00237329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049143448,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15972272,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040786344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004683277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36081862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063000294","doi":"10.4018/jcini.2007010105","title":"Language, Logic, and the Brain","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Vocabulary; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Natural language; Context (archaeology); Semantic feature; Logical connective; Logical consequence; Linguistics; Programming language","score_opus":0.013832975548354274,"score_gpt":0.35051904800948586,"score_spread":0.3366860724611316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063000294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93138546,0.0070086247,0.03049933,0.007203191,0.0012689077,0.00022889332,0.0000073453484,0.000014513046,0.022383712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958015,0.001086148,0.00042421444,0.002089644,0.00029501133,3.932019e-7,0.0000018054318,0.0000014889704,0.00029980298],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991009,0.00004478993,0.00033463893,0.000029712908,0.00038276034,0.0001071784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980136,0.00093555765,0.00026992822,0.000019164581,0.0007064179,0.0000553206],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014965635,0.000057079924,0.00008855543,0.00006950321,0.00013407771,0.00012190862,0.0001820746,0.00003817269,0.000039381353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001581713,0.000030980005,0.000046233705,0.00007919261,0.00043721148,0.00046863582,0.00004315353,0.00020421039,0.0000043991263],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005728832,0.00002001932,0.00032454912,0.0000060400107,0.00013450367,0.0000442593,0.17175767,0.0000029509495,0.000075180156,0.14874315,0.00029498248,0.6780238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025970081,0.00027284367,0.010483448,0.0006930211,0.00012468116,0.0009771566,0.9051585,0.0017243021,0.005049344,0.051799268,0.020618672,0.00050175085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013484564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020572382,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7334008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002706541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000030543735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18935725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065406717","doi":"10.1163/156658411x600007","title":"Phylogenetic Methods in Historical Linguistics: Greek as a Case Study","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Greek Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Language change; Linguistics; Sound change; Historical linguistics; Theoretical linguistics; Focus (optics); Lexical item; Computer science","score_opus":0.09703144506289797,"score_gpt":0.4063119275505046,"score_spread":0.30928048248760664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065406717","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.913409,0.0033829354,0.0020586632,0.000067198205,0.011791302,0.0005489421,0.0000033196143,0.000051805848,0.06868685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96069866,0.00007162567,0.03436714,0.00006779058,0.0041330704,0.000002212009,2.2510311e-7,0.000014464862,0.00064482074],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975874,0.00077903114,0.00073477015,0.0001612853,0.00040884587,0.00032870303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973212,0.00028677285,0.00048311462,0.00016067742,0.0014969257,0.00025130052],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002518778,0.0001468877,0.0003562425,0.00018198302,0.0002824118,0.000035554436,0.00030730886,0.00013088493,0.00013420694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03374487,0.0001213506,0.00012975869,0.0003700556,0.0001033001,0.00002599871,0.00004550244,0.000513334,0.000013527548],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038175826,0.0031175867,0.15267617,0.00006188644,0.00027066292,0.2222111,0.5726211,0.00003986893,0.00015647204,0.007216279,0.003541281,0.037705854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006280843,0.008228783,0.021043729,0.00036484902,0.0017011949,0.010190604,0.43526703,0.00038704622,0.000173393,0.049693152,0.4646776,0.001991766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024013428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010027797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46113634,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006390941,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035582314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9824858},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066308621","doi":"10.1075/is.13.1.06jen","title":"The biology of language and the epigenesis of recursive embedding","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Generative grammar; Recursion (computer science); Grammar; Cognitive science; Frame (networking); Predicate (mathematical logic); Epistemology; Linguistics; Computer science; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.11156615547438527,"score_gpt":0.4250353393113153,"score_spread":0.31346918383693007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2066308621","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9709839,0.027074447,0.000005261828,0.0012368781,0.00015583666,0.00016225911,0.0000037919317,0.000004705138,0.0003729072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99206483,0.007769014,0.0000052120745,0.000010455079,0.000089085544,0.000033141903,0.0000022938327,0.0000010853025,0.000024869632],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871147,0.0008262691,0.00025012693,0.000058747046,0.000051559,0.00010185537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989332,0.00072846055,0.00018652617,0.000053828993,0.000081582526,0.00001641529],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010318647,0.000048423986,0.00016476997,0.0000142814815,0.0007497706,0.000018799588,0.00007087089,0.000065702574,0.0000030363115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002490126,0.00002378911,0.000027404501,0.000078703364,0.0011383973,0.00007342116,0.00007657787,0.00007746742,3.3432502e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022216798,0.00008297891,0.14011626,0.000015163322,0.000073417075,1.111679e-7,0.39643797,6.829386e-7,0.0018586963,0.42090297,0.00005444134,0.04023516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018526996,0.0000334288,0.039129477,0.000037497655,0.000026475775,0.0000012626049,0.9565385,0.000010746884,0.00014007573,0.0023714344,0.0014598535,0.000065992375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034108607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007761557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5601005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001940467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003970587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5766705},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067139752","doi":"10.1080/15659801.2013.853436","title":"A theory of supply-driven evolution for cultural evolution","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Sociocultural evolution; Selection (genetic algorithm); Mechanism (biology); Natural selection; Process (computing); Epistemology; Cultural neuroscience; Cultural analysis; Sociology; Evolutionary biology; Computer science; Social science; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Anthropology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.014717056742889294,"score_gpt":0.2856616059854599,"score_spread":0.2709445492425706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067139752","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855317,0.0026079954,0.008844376,0.0010914393,0.0006959982,0.00042954684,0.00000904593,0.00001890814,0.0007710017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99781215,0.00017630016,0.0008659371,0.000051903495,0.00052104634,0.000020619955,0.000006070405,0.000006335263,0.0005396134],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984633,0.000378122,0.00047376397,0.00014124352,0.00022066204,0.00032292982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99810755,0.00020727198,0.0005388982,0.0000775167,0.00094926794,0.00011951493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000989392,0.000118279415,0.0002725311,0.00015165056,0.00046747798,0.000027315098,0.00016554288,0.00027081175,0.00011994108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000681626,0.000091653266,0.00016529358,0.00019878364,0.00044781202,0.0010748698,0.000025731504,0.00017206023,0.000016201782],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053438125,0.00027305097,0.23730935,0.00008963146,0.00020845907,0.000004493207,0.009900817,0.00021577725,0.027666528,0.71108353,0.009126108,0.0035878625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013966385,0.0007258401,0.8437669,0.00008714858,0.00016987813,0.00008151502,0.034736358,0.0004237118,0.00011705726,0.117475964,0.0008201211,0.00019884754],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007648857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013824997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6064576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000495316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023167506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37375116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070000113","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x02490115","title":"Blind men, elephants, and dancing information processors","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Dance; Human language; Picture language; Contrast (vision); Cognitive science; Information processing; Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence; Universal Networking Language; Linguistics; Communication; Psychology; Comprehension approach; Cognitive psychology; Natural language","score_opus":0.05977692374176158,"score_gpt":0.33848909982938113,"score_spread":0.27871217608761956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070000113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877266,0.0005265971,0.0000088215575,0.002384254,0.000049294664,0.000117957876,0.000002044299,0.000036374862,0.009147999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983243,0.00014722772,0.00014826287,0.00023707027,0.000059013382,0.0000061612113,0.0000013795085,9.173752e-7,0.0010756858],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928564,0.000033727156,0.0001023575,0.000116633775,0.00027301177,0.00018864262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997874,0.000019410083,0.000050153078,0.000027731072,0.000038826478,0.00007646894],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043162945,0.000056445147,0.000060170903,0.000043600066,0.0009246576,0.00025413785,0.00009111948,0.000044134555,0.00011546207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006213467,0.00003900145,0.000011416712,0.0002982883,0.00045629445,0.0017540712,0.0000254021,0.000042108106,0.000011542766],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013051977,0.00009852922,0.044808175,0.000028777044,0.0000035972341,0.000005043163,0.2203489,0.0000024929575,0.0027749832,0.009375987,0.010091456,0.712449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033061197,0.0012551893,0.17068748,0.00024684382,0.000117658186,0.000069674184,0.53289855,0.0033751277,0.0018385054,0.005991212,0.27830702,0.0019066008],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012720044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006559963,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71054244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013414824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018989937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7111812},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072990475","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x08005153","title":"Why and how the problem of the evolution of Universal Grammar (UG) is hard","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Learnability; Grammar; Universal grammar; Computer science; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.04656443757115923,"score_gpt":0.2839799597773254,"score_spread":0.23741552220616613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072990475","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98266125,0.00040483547,0.000010382429,0.016103443,0.00003960768,0.0001363223,0.0000057113484,0.0000069920043,0.0006314428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99821824,0.000056128913,0.00014772364,0.0001395525,0.00002664412,0.0000017059998,2.2542855e-7,8.821829e-7,0.001408888],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927175,0.00010410774,0.00006361644,0.00011873423,0.0003188403,0.00012294574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974453,0.000030054063,0.00008087081,0.000055216336,0.00005990614,0.000029430877],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040032103,0.000046365207,0.000067494075,0.000018240875,0.0008891731,0.000028500652,0.00019853842,0.000036528607,0.000017743747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018802562,0.00002151025,0.000033953434,0.00037535324,0.002585709,0.0002900063,0.000050552426,0.0000423905,2.0271922e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029974108,0.00019038879,0.57245576,0.00003335962,0.000013333594,0.0000040765376,0.22171503,0.000004149287,0.056524005,0.067498855,0.0411571,0.04037394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057026505,0.0005221815,0.7035124,0.00009120052,0.000083821156,0.000028027449,0.22590509,0.000071379414,0.0033786418,0.005892231,0.059615865,0.00032891388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012412468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002771473,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1310566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020400597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009520661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.994164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074028900","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1100290108","title":"The cultural niche: Why social learning is essential for human adaptation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1314,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Fogarty International Center; National Institutes of Health; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Creatures; Globe; Foraging; Social learning; Adaptation (eye); Cognitive science; Niche construction; Niche; Data science; Sociocultural evolution; Range (aeronautics); Social animal; Ecology; Biology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Psychology; Sociology; Natural (archaeology); Knowledge management; Neuroscience; Engineering","score_opus":0.10991943864113864,"score_gpt":0.37191965523947657,"score_spread":0.26200021659833794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074028900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9507515,0.0001586005,0.000006195001,0.008597709,0.00005975772,0.000351417,0.000005688575,0.000026325411,0.040042818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979001,0.000021495345,0.00026300567,0.0001956077,0.00029127637,0.000014750621,1.8791934e-7,0.0000019182314,0.0013116581],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99865556,0.00001606008,0.00019080205,0.00013133393,0.00084585673,0.00016040116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990802,0.00006102446,0.00035931668,0.0000030080164,0.00047746283,0.000019024064],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014484316,0.000054747517,0.00007003033,0.000028580429,0.0027554934,0.000055124503,0.0005746405,0.00007453468,0.000027047838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00053182646,0.000029459483,0.00009518511,0.00038303348,0.0012121206,0.00059613027,0.0000460817,0.00010913366,0.0000010292897],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025933994,0.00002946088,0.0012083392,0.000020084264,0.00002187358,1.3720376e-9,0.08980147,0.000005594443,0.08574669,0.8121015,0.008974624,0.002064467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000666057,0.00017799322,0.055379987,0.00008734392,0.00009259968,0.0000019995994,0.17241831,0.0009700753,0.18715292,0.5510942,0.031582333,0.00037621925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021246143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000093266335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2610073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036119352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003183715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985428},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074397157","doi":"10.1037/a0022924","title":"The arbitrariness of the sign: Learning advantages from the structure of the vocabulary.","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitrariness; Vocabulary; Meaning (existential); Linguistics; Sign (mathematics); Computer science; Language acquisition; Word (group theory); Word learning; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Cognitive science; Mathematics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.023405121298477036,"score_gpt":0.33241683955637896,"score_spread":0.3090117182579019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074397157","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904165,0.0040413337,0.0000066331168,0.0012101759,0.0015040119,0.000106795174,0.0000036573003,0.0000028852337,0.002707982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99845195,0.00010096803,0.000099322126,0.0004905768,0.00051804533,7.7789565e-7,4.681479e-7,0.0000054426177,0.0003324373],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998473,0.0006707437,0.00030465296,0.0000856581,0.00030928312,0.00015666122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990787,0.00007150718,0.00053634937,0.00020151887,0.00008232803,0.0000295991],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033351424,0.00008655093,0.0001363573,0.000009525056,0.00063900754,0.000014720895,0.00084610045,0.000086161,0.00025863486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007425675,0.000030810952,0.0001929341,0.00014505739,0.00068974996,0.00011171358,0.00007673201,0.00040103783,8.2137603e-7],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019222166,0.000101025085,0.040935922,0.0000011756593,0.00013331418,0.0000033233873,0.073616065,0.000022434113,0.87783337,0.003309142,0.002468537,0.0013834476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011654855,0.00034288352,0.49673665,0.0000471157,0.00009251062,0.000066846376,0.09933957,0.000008085277,0.3876914,0.0047162035,0.009616811,0.0001764468],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00073202007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003894601,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.490142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027633481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005254361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4914794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074473695","doi":"10.3390/e11041055","title":"Explaining Change in Language: A Cybersemiotic Perspective","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entropy","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Vagueness; Perspective (graphical); Semiotics; Epistemology; Language change; Cognitive science; Cybernetics; Sociology; Computer science; Linguistics; Psychology; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.021072544971573744,"score_gpt":0.3448803334305528,"score_spread":0.32380778845897906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074473695","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9184324,0.0016318287,0.000019171395,0.0062555806,0.00015553649,0.00022457501,0.0000010773397,0.00010134848,0.07317849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977223,0.000040569663,0.000119270946,0.0006801852,0.0005036167,0.0000064212145,0.0000019410284,0.0000022404,0.0009234393],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993928,0.00007751117,0.00005980372,0.00011152555,0.00014307554,0.00021525644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983424,0.000016260079,0.000023589007,0.000055806006,0.000023713086,0.000046385412],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014573795,0.00004859503,0.000067246365,0.000036295278,0.00011422335,0.000025220701,0.00007877762,0.000042127787,0.00033240687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001483239,0.00004142356,0.00002966015,0.00020599572,0.000029054512,0.00021338543,0.0000062994427,0.00008166107,0.00007639665],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011847674,0.00004266403,0.0015422108,8.109923e-7,0.0000030067088,0.00006580152,0.73540175,0.00000139436,0.0012249455,0.24934153,0.00038243944,0.011981566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009501932,0.00012679612,0.10349517,0.00007289179,0.000014740204,0.000003704773,0.88313067,0.00013524065,0.00031908118,0.0059690494,0.0054403483,0.00034213046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00631206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031080446,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24337249,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024444627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021171467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9541989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075295925","doi":"10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01036.x","title":"Can the Avatar Speak?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Linguistic Anthropology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Avatar; Citation; Media studies; Computer science; Sociology; Library science; Art; Literature","score_opus":0.018376569650182195,"score_gpt":0.35246588303392073,"score_spread":0.33408931338373854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075295925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45900905,0.009286337,0.0019975263,0.31004348,0.012765397,0.00032906956,0.000008230959,0.00007737546,0.20648353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946872,0.0003268642,0.00020679896,0.00085665775,0.003279795,9.9209956e-8,4.4113986e-7,0.000001962415,0.00064019096],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921376,0.00014476008,0.00021613685,0.000050933628,0.00019332064,0.00018109605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993161,0.00008518583,0.00020914557,0.00006786641,0.00025722562,0.00006447793],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048813815,0.00004973612,0.00012449635,0.000027631859,0.00043518335,0.000021149335,0.00022374588,0.000057006597,0.00066344923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017857391,0.000027533697,0.00006792247,0.00010472363,0.0005876762,0.00003150363,0.0000075330386,0.00017687405,0.000014332743],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010998039,0.00022323361,0.0018849651,0.0000055734736,0.000091341135,0.0007720751,0.21720266,0.000015342997,0.00076381984,0.6953802,0.048077147,0.035473652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006407523,0.0009591496,0.009598197,0.000049045095,0.00015355238,0.0003499879,0.07868476,0.000018165412,0.00022626633,0.14368784,0.7653978,0.00023448419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001603871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011251313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7173206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067709996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017092064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72643036},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079971792","doi":"10.1163/156853701753254396","title":"Genomic Imprinting and the Cognitive Architecture Mediating Human Culture","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Imprinting (psychology); Genomic imprinting; Neocortex; Cognition; Cognitive architecture; Biology; Gene; Cultural transmission in animals; Perspective (graphical); Information transmission; Psychology; Genetics; Neuroscience; Computer science; DNA methylation; Gene expression; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.011282133454064515,"score_gpt":0.29233673041437047,"score_spread":0.28105459696030594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079971792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9654734,0.0060434765,0.00023983298,0.0035733592,0.0001203639,0.00021977654,0.000004863091,0.000020094669,0.024304809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99483687,0.0021616146,0.00010486928,0.00077908265,0.0010101849,0.0000023543823,0.0000061433334,0.0000041298645,0.0010947573],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991384,0.0001946873,0.00020421357,0.00008438284,0.00023611986,0.0001421914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925184,0.000056416786,0.00027571325,0.00002387925,0.0002999868,0.00009213655],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054297945,0.00008828279,0.00014819765,0.00002594785,0.00084347057,0.00014160325,0.00007101649,0.0001018871,0.00007231839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003056712,0.000045447476,0.00007425384,0.00011429222,0.00028349407,0.00020670163,0.00002130569,0.00035631552,0.0000020245313],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054886105,0.00009866908,0.0033027427,0.000058491245,0.0003317737,0.000107549546,0.78103,0.000004208207,0.059682094,0.012979483,0.0040400554,0.13781604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016417155,0.0005201978,0.02592956,0.0009488569,0.0012603046,0.0021591354,0.6997149,0.000032678683,0.001569027,0.09255083,0.15802082,0.0008765301],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038794067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019246707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15398076,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016308668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002442749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64873785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081781910","doi":"10.1016/j.jaa.2008.10.005","title":"The accumulation of stochastic copying errors causes drift in culturally transmitted technologies: Quantifying Clovis evolutionary dynamics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Anthropological Archaeology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Copying; Archaeological record; Cultural transmission in animals; Projectile point; Variation (astronomy); Sociocultural evolution; Multiplicative function; Transmission (telecommunications); Archaeology; History; Computer science; Anthropology; Sociology; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.08471489129927834,"score_gpt":0.38686053538249465,"score_spread":0.3021456440832163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081781910","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97814614,0.0025568446,0.006193348,0.012487833,0.00032490134,0.00016236682,0.0000029255084,0.000040772124,0.00008485397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99540585,0.0033112597,0.0011285543,0.00003381358,0.00007319978,0.0000026813577,0.0000030061083,0.0000042217684,0.00003741776],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981313,0.00039189318,0.00062877935,0.00013677111,0.00035624058,0.00035506184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998483,0.0006210468,0.00046168378,0.00009173773,0.00029472128,0.000047804213],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056815695,0.00011582909,0.00032184986,0.0001304436,0.0006741141,0.0000056668346,0.00040164625,0.00025459527,0.000061845225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014728811,0.00006509714,0.0001405878,0.0004587582,0.0054602637,0.00024023562,0.00006817742,0.0004518235,0.0000020910684],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0024552788,0.0011734947,0.325717,0.00009823615,0.00041834937,0.0013474437,0.21897866,0.012495871,0.0067792623,0.38438493,0.0012791507,0.04487236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003100039,0.0029885494,0.33197513,0.00037158694,0.00014257555,0.0015646721,0.5649043,0.0122491885,0.00048212378,0.078029685,0.0033506602,0.000841516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015333676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007730604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3459256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020020081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001624779,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085047719","doi":"10.1109/sis.2014.7011810","title":"Improving artifact selection via agent migration in multi-population cultural algorithms","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Artifact (error); Selection (genetic algorithm); Computer science; Population; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Sociology","score_opus":0.024614409563692836,"score_gpt":0.311646721137932,"score_spread":0.2870323115742392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085047719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94590056,0.000020775797,0.05171371,0.0003776188,0.00022264925,0.00022408171,2.6104158e-7,0.00013089336,0.0014094516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950847,0.0000079298825,0.0029475025,0.00007551763,0.00021777488,0.000012494048,0.000030230975,0.0000036390516,0.0016202162],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916905,0.00015087181,0.0001544841,0.00015540214,0.00018195344,0.00018821273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997704,0.0000135161035,0.00006262352,0.00004291219,0.000063695385,0.00004682801],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034557565,0.00006795888,0.00007003223,0.000040645198,0.00026634213,0.0000715877,0.00004942114,0.00008460949,0.00012857644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012805329,0.000051790154,0.0000357392,0.0002343491,0.000019809535,0.00060656335,0.0000078467065,0.00007109861,0.000052917476],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022225968,0.00017721608,0.18361697,0.000018129505,0.000011448713,0.0000012504776,0.040205933,0.0009797775,0.06999625,0.003559536,0.00047618456,0.70093507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006541804,0.0000758464,0.5901562,0.000018355633,0.000016523738,0.0000019881948,0.008656204,0.39319125,0.0027189457,0.000501125,0.0036328852,0.00037649553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10383426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.19512816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7005586,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023149958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000122539395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9021334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085508879","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8322.2007.00498.x","title":"SCIENCE, EVOLUTION AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY <i>A response to Ingold (this issue)</i>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Anthropology Today","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Anthropology; Sociology; Art history; Library science; History; Computer science","score_opus":0.013331008700013667,"score_gpt":0.35890331937073267,"score_spread":0.345572310670719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085508879","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93300235,0.0007922451,0.0007671683,0.025246987,0.0017265868,0.00029582792,0.0000046610703,0.00017215041,0.037992027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907672,0.00017184178,0.00045661692,0.0015606942,0.0005427336,0.000005299221,0.0000029040825,0.00000906765,0.006483685],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99770033,0.00029713757,0.00025833334,0.0004791714,0.00036827236,0.0008967485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99892193,0.0001760842,0.00008522864,0.00020727105,0.00027788966,0.0003316084],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028141101,0.00015945848,0.00021317462,0.0003429272,0.0024849796,0.00006471575,0.00031515874,0.00024903924,0.0022907252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012040212,0.00013037332,0.00004512856,0.001417482,0.008938937,0.00056543114,0.00014386832,0.00019233597,0.0003819814],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015123291,0.000289282,0.01935508,0.00001555366,0.000051436684,0.00018567973,0.21926361,0.0000027915942,0.2931786,0.35982838,0.066577315,0.03973996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060451735,0.00084157794,0.033038035,0.000023138453,0.000032706015,0.00008119153,0.13949873,0.000007145604,0.007913743,0.0012773628,0.816183,0.00049890764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014439793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008438611,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74960566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040317702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003136767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090077432","doi":"10.1002/evan.20228","title":"The evolution of language and the (Ir)relevance of primate communication","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Citation; Library science; Evolutionary psychology; Psychology; Political science; Social psychology; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.02738526478318147,"score_gpt":0.3975784851566148,"score_spread":0.37019322037343333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090077432","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002566695,0.9935625,0.000024016677,0.0029811359,0.00015763214,0.0012895489,0.000015171859,0.000017541006,0.0019267657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002888298,0.9973364,0.0002771235,0.00003002293,0.00019046293,0.00005886831,0.000032994227,0.000008755453,0.0017765479],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9956303,0.0027770016,0.00089580147,0.00024750427,0.00020271423,0.00024663424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976112,0.0006441734,0.0010940809,0.0004967966,0.00010696216,0.000046737598],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017766134,0.00023945882,0.0012901828,0.000048620677,0.001271163,0.00002134566,0.0004578931,0.00027263066,0.00005775376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006099641,0.00011089036,0.0002865016,0.0003263642,0.006134339,0.0001644512,0.00012951368,0.0002940382,0.000009815064],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001702882,0.000027872193,0.000007715579,0.0012428398,0.00004664523,5.537978e-7,0.0055563394,9.4794395e-8,6.875982e-7,0.14333637,0.0033145123,0.8464493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017027771,0.000045928693,0.000031963573,0.0025112838,0.00033548134,0.000017107699,0.007695592,0.0000036511703,2.5679807e-7,0.0024305265,0.9866303,0.00012758585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059449365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019896629,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9833158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118417105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015866512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091562280","doi":"10.1007/s12110-013-9180-1","title":"Teaching and the Life History of Cultural Transmission in Fijian Villages","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Human Nature","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Leakey Foundation; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cultural transmission in animals; Transmission (telecommunications); Empirical evidence; Empirical research; Psychology; Social psychology; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Epistemology; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Computer science","score_opus":0.011095243723876207,"score_gpt":0.27552626873217545,"score_spread":0.26443102500829924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091562280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9217221,0.018760644,0.0000010697137,0.004166358,0.00009608111,0.00020962184,3.5886686e-7,0.000021720667,0.05502204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98915595,0.000074598305,0.00003317343,0.000403365,0.00011490695,0.0000045018246,0.0000021189576,0.0000020363593,0.010209343],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994165,0.00020931031,0.00008146101,0.000073766685,0.00012788855,0.00009107993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998196,0.000034089273,0.00003745701,0.00004654337,0.000026139893,0.00003620866],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002849277,0.00004432121,0.000078002275,0.00001727423,0.00020102135,0.000015520127,0.00009361269,0.00012704782,0.0002581894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009001568,0.000022807215,0.00003095225,0.00003437024,0.00019921544,0.00018724788,0.000009276863,0.00036499935,0.0000023841317],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024751336,0.000035924295,0.00045076717,0.000044927976,0.000015154021,0.00000204686,0.796637,0.0000017978308,0.010960598,0.09883583,0.067051634,0.025939556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027566664,0.000054617583,0.06516197,0.0002226101,0.000050470797,0.0000023476744,0.17580223,0.0001153288,0.00009512947,0.0108923875,0.74444675,0.00039946949],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010560139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016052704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67739516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060238784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023074597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9960286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092463231","doi":"10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01687-9","title":"The nature of the memetic beast","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive science; Communication; Cognitive psychology","score_opus":0.1772798572083018,"score_gpt":0.4864682981002982,"score_spread":0.3091884408919964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092463231","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000039025308,0.8568194,3.3675704e-7,0.0003267646,0.00048636232,0.00018920026,0.000019102676,0.000009696425,0.14211012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004875026,0.98675627,0.000005508082,0.00004210488,0.00020880625,0.000030346668,0.0000046697255,0.000004150403,0.008073105],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767065,0.0007019922,0.00028874117,0.00028631702,0.0007089233,0.00034336778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875057,0.0006710338,0.00030846198,0.00012646413,0.000108036125,0.000035459907],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016090554,0.00015700875,0.00037036132,0.00011564143,0.001205945,0.00009653084,0.0010551685,0.0002341424,0.00024948732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008684068,0.00006297742,0.00028575,0.003991643,0.0027357992,0.00013708282,0.00010279716,0.0004763094,0.000011142357],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[6.66515e-7,0.000011198754,0.000026385085,0.000038275088,0.00000917476,0.0000011140764,0.0013569199,5.5871983e-8,2.3637883e-8,0.003067315,0.0002936322,0.9951952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000049533708,0.000019913432,0.00019556581,0.0029178755,0.00012514653,0.000003178419,0.008791311,6.66931e-7,6.0861146e-7,0.0006996244,0.9870637,0.0001328529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062206195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010667563,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9950624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007580642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035304404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999782},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095991957","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139342872","title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":283,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Anthropological linguistics; Sociology; Linguistic anthropology; Field (mathematics); Interdisciplinarity; Sociology of language; Instinct; Linguistics; Anthropology; Diversity (politics); Applied linguistics; Social science; Comprehension approach; Language education; Philosophy; Ecology; Clinical linguistics","score_opus":0.015797336737694883,"score_gpt":0.24520910118893433,"score_spread":0.22941176445123945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095991957","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009123837,0.0016164968,0.00024911735,0.00004357788,0.00077961956,0.00036710888,0.00007952467,0.00008652261,0.9966868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0024954388,0.000765065,0.000020411548,0.00003815813,0.0007712965,9.179938e-7,0.000039355673,0.00001853233,0.9958508],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983712,0.0003337406,0.00021132565,0.00031356723,0.00036854643,0.00040164584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984357,0.00029720154,0.0003613075,0.00040899706,0.00035698188,0.00013985178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033730333,0.00022168005,0.00036036517,0.00006030608,0.0012270508,0.000042481184,0.0007648132,0.0004223718,0.000006752549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013876102,0.00018486718,0.00022364286,0.000020667976,0.002281277,0.000043942106,0.00019517727,0.00036199376,0.000018252244],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004267558,0.00000663063,0.0000016416069,0.000041733238,0.00007145821,0.000052580766,0.0014030371,2.6972114e-7,0.0000205025,0.6953583,0.3016632,0.0013379949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024937594,0.000048702997,0.0000075795956,0.00014385337,0.0001730497,0.0000034298482,0.0006891805,0.000007834936,0.00012253596,0.000020683705,0.99830824,0.00022551288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046419585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039407253,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6966451,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039387323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006552868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9437607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097173997","doi":"10.1080/09540090802091966","title":"Flexible word meaning in embodied agents","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Connection Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Meaning (existential); GRASP; Embodied cognition; Word (group theory); Object (grammar); Artificial intelligence; Set (abstract data type); Situated; Natural language processing; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Psychology","score_opus":0.08089182453829412,"score_gpt":0.35316585847476006,"score_spread":0.27227403393646593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2097173997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78291535,0.000043657026,0.00017654429,0.00032363704,0.00047875455,0.00009171133,1.8469261e-7,0.00008923221,0.21588093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99586093,0.000047355432,0.00011253885,0.00019366849,0.00010627661,0.0000062303143,4.4272076e-7,0.0000018366214,0.0036707025],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989544,0.000051536113,0.000104128005,0.00020792488,0.00041169956,0.0002703058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966437,0.00002513431,0.00003990223,0.00008566642,0.000103037986,0.00008191806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007292208,0.000045202014,0.000060064576,0.00011689971,0.0011901248,0.0000513203,0.00020818415,0.00003344862,0.00029127154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055359135,0.000040084553,0.00002099812,0.0014658162,0.000496563,0.0007787753,0.000028473514,0.0000683738,0.0001222914],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058887195,0.00022700176,0.1165125,0.000011567659,0.000008545977,0.000102591126,0.44450092,0.00075365335,0.038037185,0.31274942,0.008441923,0.078595825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023748567,0.00017066128,0.5565177,0.00016862502,0.000016346317,0.00008433474,0.15686148,0.003437309,0.026684543,0.021429049,0.23080257,0.0014524859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024168247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021954207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44000524,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021830994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020412756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9153598},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098179684","doi":"10.1111/tops.12163","title":"Reasoning About Cultural and Genetic Transmission: Developmental and Cross‐Cultural Evidence From Peru, Fiji, and the United States on How People Make Inferences About Trait Transmission","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Topics in Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fogarty International Center; National Institutes of Health; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Cultural transmission in animals; Trait; Transmission (telecommunications); Cross-cultural; Big Five personality traits and culture; Geography; Psychology; Demography; Sociology; Evolutionary biology; Social psychology; Biology; Anthropology; Big Five personality traits; Personality; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.07288574116123421,"score_gpt":0.3640210775725054,"score_spread":0.2911353364112712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098179684","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.992677,0.0031951652,0.00017146519,0.0026791692,0.00006783314,0.00029964742,0.000011191752,0.00002361846,0.0008749246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946116,0.0036230513,0.0010310276,0.00024006685,0.00007766674,0.00001708288,0.000011373226,0.000003195508,0.0003849073],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834657,0.00022908258,0.00016518956,0.00041465543,0.00052392273,0.00032059968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902284,0.00032712313,0.00006650624,0.000049531514,0.00030769623,0.00022630955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00073171954,0.00015604777,0.00016828052,0.000057646757,0.0010228509,0.0007495362,0.00021852272,0.000078266086,0.000032893022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00091252296,0.00008908897,0.000021030546,0.00052797404,0.0025935147,0.00080963556,0.000055866083,0.00019646903,9.653138e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026888953,0.000029195504,0.07992114,0.000022297256,0.000011268097,0.000017300381,0.65778375,0.000020499938,0.0005996837,0.0012017702,0.00004346359,0.26008075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001777022,0.00011696017,0.8353989,0.00088195497,0.00002719324,0.000016727015,0.15462394,0.0030430728,0.0005343149,0.0017806608,0.0014597034,0.00033952674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069614314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033318263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7554778,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007780561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020758146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098610041","doi":"10.1017/s0959774304000034","title":"A Cognitive Typology for Numerical Notation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cambridge Archaeological Journal","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Notation; Linguistics; Epistemology; Domestication; Cognition; Sociology; Mathematics; Psychology; Philosophy; Anthropology","score_opus":0.03648154099255223,"score_gpt":0.3484332668107947,"score_spread":0.31195172581824243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098610041","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84332573,0.00028676045,0.13901827,0.009866155,0.00043624005,0.0003093116,0.000009580953,0.00007786375,0.006670061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934659,0.00009543068,0.0039623817,0.0011383004,0.00092708826,0.000019760342,0.000011147625,0.000004230862,0.00037574873],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903417,0.00013046351,0.00016373077,0.0001349673,0.00018756512,0.00034910376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934584,0.00015081193,0.000084991676,0.000031418494,0.00020858177,0.00017836854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039708425,0.00007329578,0.00012368552,0.000032774118,0.0006413305,0.000025714748,0.00012690197,0.000109895525,0.000115309784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011358409,0.00005155902,0.00011427722,0.00012427414,0.0004739691,0.00015594429,0.00002860459,0.00021563731,0.00005541064],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049851264,0.00020477074,0.0020981382,0.0000068226623,0.000064211155,0.00025263402,0.028940633,0.000067963774,0.0015937685,0.9064901,0.0016762421,0.058106188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.018417707,0.0050819265,0.23325247,0.0002595415,0.00040367278,0.0029379507,0.18585186,0.00025439047,0.0023244808,0.37076762,0.17839493,0.002053443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013509257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009162089,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5357225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012808226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014586147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49326605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104670019","doi":"10.1093/analys/ann023","title":"Creations of the Mind: Theories of Artifacts and their Representation * By ERIC MARGOLIS AND STEPHEN LAURENCE","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analysis","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Artifact (error); Categorization; Metaphysics; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Representation (politics); Individuation; Natural (archaeology); Psychology; Variety (cybernetics); Identity (music); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; History; Aesthetics; Psychoanalysis","score_opus":0.009381160729668546,"score_gpt":0.2765713981395738,"score_spread":0.2671902374099053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2104670019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941745,0.0005944334,0.00014813966,0.0008245633,0.0000052848595,0.000049174178,0.000010564389,0.0000032444534,0.0041901204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999111,0.00017565655,0.000044302713,0.000030872183,0.000009512141,9.3438234e-7,0.0000068877184,5.247458e-7,0.000620294],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996138,0.00008542624,0.00008629728,0.000070463546,0.000093941264,0.000050058665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997124,0.000049993658,0.00008412806,0.00008077326,0.00005523574,0.000017460894],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011702576,0.000030529885,0.00008769706,0.000024737094,0.00012583318,0.000014848379,0.000050876195,0.000022615375,0.000061536324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000096942116,0.000017235054,0.000043670152,0.00054493494,0.000131927,0.000114776645,0.000008702159,0.000017166294,2.2673683e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004876579,0.00019621856,0.29713395,0.00002076948,0.0011096048,6.7680503e-7,0.4143111,0.00012746056,0.055303834,0.055941205,0.0019073196,0.17389907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016609371,0.000048473037,0.8791871,0.00001899493,0.0009490067,3.9907016e-7,0.082118906,0.00029076324,0.014929811,0.02129259,0.0008651951,0.00013264467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027327086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028499374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5820532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000054055345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009830606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4131056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107464540","doi":"10.3115/1627328.1627331","title":"How is meaning grounded in dictionary definitions?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Meaning (existential); Computer science; Point (geometry); Set (abstract data type); Simple (philosophy); Symbol (formal); Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Linguistics; Mathematics; Epistemology; Philosophy; Programming language","score_opus":0.08026728545050815,"score_gpt":0.2767051765709174,"score_spread":0.19643789112040927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107464540","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30762154,0.00021312927,0.00017648927,0.007929271,0.00011439858,0.000082453684,0.0000013659502,0.000110496665,0.68375087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862449,0.00022187196,0.00035230184,0.000558166,0.00011245621,0.0000059913555,0.0000046390983,0.0000017481451,0.012497893],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995685,0.000038689246,0.00004792559,0.00007730195,0.0001509663,0.00011660926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987394,0.000017957722,0.000013584154,0.000036906466,0.000027368815,0.000030226753],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059779715,0.000031579202,0.00003892883,0.000025478219,0.00040491327,0.000025865553,0.00004670626,0.000040066614,0.00048805852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004205171,0.000025633857,0.000025138668,0.00020048274,0.00006861939,0.00037583293,0.00000801004,0.000046724388,0.000054489148],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008344092,0.000092041264,0.013968885,0.0000032040257,0.000010354884,0.000055832086,0.14827712,0.0000023954792,0.0004123666,0.8000583,0.03303661,0.004074555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015153337,0.00010255176,0.17698804,0.000057373276,0.000021729238,0.000079087025,0.4046528,0.00018327545,0.0006811445,0.15623344,0.25864115,0.0008440772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051106964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006494066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6786234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000709519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000341531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77258784},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108501203","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.002","title":"On the relationship between interindividual cultural transmission and population-level cultural diversity: a case study of weaving in Iranian tribal populations","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evolution and Human Behavior","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Cultural transmission in animals; Sociocultural evolution; Diversity (politics); Developmental psychology; Psychology; Cultural diversity; Big Five personality traits and culture; Cultural group selection; Tribe; Population; Social psychology; Ethnic group; Sociology; Demography; Evolutionary biology; Anthropology; Biology; Personality; Big Five personality traits","score_opus":0.2135633827404961,"score_gpt":0.399409190267049,"score_spread":0.18584580752655291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2108501203","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989565,0.00004188611,0.000017610399,0.00029009287,0.000033190052,0.0005028703,0.000012173815,0.000028108414,0.00011757113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99967206,0.000001325891,0.00003042251,0.00001451168,0.000054348486,0.000008368123,0.00002658787,0.000002742119,0.0001896486],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998954,0.0002392312,0.00023596414,0.0001742154,0.00025017548,0.00014642418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996588,0.000059717226,0.00008932093,0.000073340474,0.000048316837,0.0000705084],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028731758,0.00010030645,0.00012983246,0.00009134985,0.001968482,0.000063825115,0.00007742827,0.00008324299,0.000033542216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006843876,0.00007021576,0.000036430763,0.0002073994,0.00009178666,0.00039398437,0.000032552154,0.00017185815,7.9215306e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008258547,0.00013178543,0.9138034,0.0000018651701,0.0000024474498,0.000014230285,0.067205034,0.0000019366357,0.00003974921,0.017244741,0.000021151283,0.0015254213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056193554,0.00016792769,0.92747355,0.000031902164,0.00006494814,0.000012945539,0.07056594,0.0000054014777,5.7184144e-7,0.0010144141,0.0000060027455,0.00009443917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020438839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01819997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016230328,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012169732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009665535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109669581","doi":"10.1109/cec.2011.5949656","title":"Evolution of artifact capabilities","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Artifact (error); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Human–computer interaction","score_opus":0.03321293051067977,"score_gpt":0.26767739036552146,"score_spread":0.23446445985484168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2109669581","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5988385,0.0000750499,0.00016344427,0.000052218897,0.00006356071,0.00004373048,4.7414056e-7,0.000034659148,0.40072834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933758,0.0000056344543,0.0002837234,0.0000163285,0.000042948166,0.0000018840427,3.6087866e-7,9.678819e-7,0.0062723598],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996684,0.000038250306,0.00006534423,0.000045642635,0.00009852829,0.00008380455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998417,0.000008750354,0.000022105049,0.00004907044,0.0000541576,0.0000242386],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013323865,0.000022126935,0.000037552578,0.000012456148,0.000075458905,0.0000027689484,0.000051345305,0.0000290756,0.0030573534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006074166,0.000015873693,0.000027124923,0.00007393829,0.00012427883,0.00022200402,0.00000579112,0.000016555068,0.00005527005],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007309015,0.000036508496,0.010599717,0.0000049991895,0.0000045947077,3.2131203e-7,0.08103802,3.4466666e-7,0.0015216015,0.90360326,0.0008024275,0.0023808773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002992756,0.00016870229,0.2630178,0.000025119652,0.00003418748,0.0000011618007,0.5561466,0.00003429044,0.022859871,0.13344748,0.023633339,0.00033216106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037800174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054050907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7701558,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049011134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038814447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116795926","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2004.2957","title":"The consequences of Zipf's law for syntax and symbolic reference","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Generalitat de Catalunya; Royal Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Zipf's law; Syntax; Ambiguity; Computer science; sort; Communications system; Entropy (arrow of time); Theoretical computer science; Natural language processing; Programming language; Mathematics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.04295064284193948,"score_gpt":0.30251821594963746,"score_spread":0.25956757310769796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116795926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727543,0.0010586089,0.000002650804,0.006319278,0.000051553096,0.00027585367,0.000007007489,0.000021441749,0.019509297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981355,0.0003917098,0.0007426409,0.00023981307,0.00010412984,0.000017867342,1.7619715e-7,0.0000010810959,0.0003670624],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990804,0.00002143055,0.00017906567,0.00018338571,0.00027216197,0.00026353158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928737,0.00026269178,0.00019815074,0.00003150771,0.00017495175,0.00004531563],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014450656,0.00007364127,0.00012659018,0.000003396605,0.0017215953,0.00007859264,0.00061994354,0.00010157519,0.000016000758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045540545,0.000029343615,0.000118149874,0.00021333325,0.006625501,0.00013487875,0.00010695612,0.0000745881,6.889902e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001670464,0.000030136449,0.015554676,0.00001928442,0.000017418899,7.5659e-9,0.0059767514,0.000002595496,0.02063763,0.9507107,0.0015034236,0.005530661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011658403,0.001904319,0.07065477,0.00042363734,0.00018237098,0.0000062086233,0.30223438,0.001552453,0.14110269,0.30149335,0.17799868,0.0012812787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011049997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012503231,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64921737,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002624887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044566623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119853535","doi":"10.1007/s12124-011-9165-8","title":"How Language Enables Abstraction: A Study in Computational Cultural Psychology","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Abstraction; Perspective (graphical); Cognitive science; Epistemology; Field (mathematics); Predicate (mathematical logic); Cultural psychology; Computer science; Process (computing); Mechanism (biology); Object (grammar); Cognition; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Philosophy","score_opus":0.16930950372985434,"score_gpt":0.4769100938594132,"score_spread":0.30760059012955887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119853535","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850548,0.000076612065,0.00004730319,0.00072347705,0.00018169041,0.00027937375,0.0000030273218,0.00004690977,0.013586842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983637,0.000014221342,0.0007000208,0.00014520923,0.000051043164,0.000032504777,0.0000021736516,0.0000018616099,0.0006892751],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986761,0.00011876408,0.00014299361,0.0004275137,0.00032549532,0.00030908734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995688,0.000020691661,0.000062224506,0.00008186691,0.000143548,0.00012285214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049060205,0.00011712261,0.00013370646,0.00007942393,0.00041529172,0.00014801478,0.0002808448,0.00007959644,0.00037053085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000080816026,0.00006725652,0.000032166743,0.0006349731,0.00152407,0.000785108,0.000036195688,0.0002236712,0.000014337215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021805461,0.005670943,0.24498516,0.0000023799519,0.000008706314,0.00037506784,0.5137388,0.0000010254248,0.014055566,0.022192689,0.0005110809,0.19824052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034327578,0.000582849,0.7782965,0.00000769203,0.000006006794,0.000013576047,0.21788768,0.000003199201,0.00006542614,0.002402969,0.0002449774,0.00014585032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034540815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0056434763,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5333113,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006693263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024939738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.56154996},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119988350","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x06299011","title":"Mental attention, not language, may explain evolutionary growth of human intelligence and brain size","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Homo sapiens; Homo erectus; Brain size; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Heuristic; Psychology; Task (project management); Human intelligence; Human evolution; Cognitive science; Computer science; Developmental psychology; Artificial intelligence; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Neuroscience; Anthropology; Sociology","score_opus":0.037354636985621865,"score_gpt":0.34922809136919,"score_spread":0.3118734543835681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2119988350","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931515,0.0005046335,0.000012865696,0.004312546,0.00008266515,0.00015636088,0.000019374267,0.000035014236,0.0017250356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99600327,0.000021524118,0.00033271746,0.00017322892,0.00011414607,0.000007739577,0.00001114296,0.0000028596803,0.0033333926],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987302,0.00012676466,0.00020826007,0.0002730478,0.00041728676,0.00024444232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996215,0.000101551246,0.00009268217,0.000055306264,0.000058649483,0.0000703298],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000686121,0.0000994036,0.000121321624,0.000053358188,0.00095360575,0.00008637113,0.0001781067,0.000063946594,0.00015562447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007999187,0.00007603424,0.000042201133,0.0003419305,0.0014726555,0.00049300067,0.00006507502,0.000058338886,0.0000033509382],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034958328,0.00054784777,0.38553926,0.00004819267,0.0000092220325,0.000029440636,0.04785285,0.0000018097589,0.3666511,0.15555716,0.017134856,0.026593314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004778475,0.0006020054,0.87169296,0.00010477781,0.000038214723,0.000027637308,0.10745116,0.000038145325,0.007867594,0.0094048,0.0016972536,0.00059758115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018400867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004175076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48615372,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000030524272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004120881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9881357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121280081","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x0800469x","title":"Computational complexity analysis can help, but first we need a theory","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Connectionism; Computer science; Cognitive science; Computational model; Computational complexity theory; Explanatory power; Scalability; Artificial intelligence; Transparency (behavior); Theoretical computer science; Cognition; Machine learning; Psychology; Artificial neural network; Algorithm; Epistemology; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.10312761900800445,"score_gpt":0.35008531543343924,"score_spread":0.2469576964254348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121280081","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878099,0.00022945205,0.00017242292,0.009948104,0.0000623865,0.00009678079,0.000023330795,0.000051638974,0.0016059956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971245,0.000039093506,0.0007171639,0.0003844751,0.0000823399,0.0000056218273,0.00001477729,0.0000015369552,0.0016305245],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987855,0.00014809679,0.00012670954,0.00023639423,0.00046125488,0.00024207367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960047,0.00010512326,0.00005800699,0.00005226871,0.00006552113,0.000118634234],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005689774,0.000081690356,0.00013639765,0.00009333174,0.0024577398,0.000097086544,0.00019504804,0.000046858713,0.00034085338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004402701,0.000058027894,0.00007989513,0.001031539,0.0022226882,0.00025695798,0.000039023445,0.00005591857,0.000007943058],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004826802,0.00050187827,0.5712653,0.000013217609,0.0000988655,0.00008576537,0.20634936,0.0007187204,0.00047081368,0.18758282,0.008493301,0.024371697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006769592,0.00032307953,0.79793394,0.000028312037,0.00031616844,0.000036409456,0.13682969,0.001833683,0.0000677372,0.046617273,0.014530074,0.00080666505],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0141718825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018896291,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22666866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033846718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000110439054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124857714","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x10000427","title":"Concepts and theoretical unification","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Unification; Eliminative materialism; Computer science; Subject (documents); Epistemology; Subject matter; Cognitive science; Psychology; Theoretical computer science; Philosophy; World Wide Web; Programming language","score_opus":0.03148964670940464,"score_gpt":0.3876385568532821,"score_spread":0.35614891014387745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2124857714","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98816663,0.00007271579,0.000005776339,0.005744281,0.00011754149,0.000070155314,0.0000014014317,0.000026933141,0.00579456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989124,0.000020004018,0.00029079546,0.00018077169,0.00009321784,0.0000034317445,0.0000010718196,9.4028263e-7,0.0004973599],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944353,0.000049090075,0.000056487774,0.00014686206,0.00016985014,0.00013417474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997889,0.00004575195,0.000020648773,0.000035859583,0.000027400376,0.00008146242],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005514991,0.000040080955,0.000043457814,0.000016444817,0.00067490916,0.00013412855,0.000088932335,0.000052490806,0.00023998319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008215124,0.000026308937,0.000010331699,0.00013411422,0.0030427447,0.0002531115,0.000020787224,0.00006656116,0.00000493793],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000014471481,0.00001622734,0.010643245,7.479031e-7,2.718113e-7,8.720805e-7,0.007591088,1.6009116e-8,0.02139215,0.91274995,0.00022340372,0.04738061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009056998,0.00066044845,0.5965119,0.000038917206,0.00006318587,0.000049456736,0.13376471,0.00022103907,0.0037025264,0.13256149,0.13050102,0.0010196284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006937732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011367131,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78018844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000034907016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003480856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125524179","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x06009083","title":"Towards a unified science of cultural evolution","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":879,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Microevolution; Sociocultural evolution; Epistemology; Darwinism; Field (mathematics); Modern evolutionary synthesis; Evolutionism; Sociology; Cognitive science; Evolutionary biology; Population; Biology; Anthropology; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.12354306278960395,"score_gpt":0.4412824068265311,"score_spread":0.31773934403692716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2125524179","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005952634,0.98429286,0.000006083335,0.00014022963,0.00030195253,0.00041410705,0.0000262199,0.000052570427,0.008813334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.016286455,0.9808932,0.0003437842,0.000015011169,0.00027447208,0.000027140622,0.000018288323,0.0000068437066,0.0021347832],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99747455,0.00019358845,0.00039220694,0.0004928296,0.0009805354,0.00046631345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917394,0.000049374845,0.00032194855,0.00012541824,0.0001980745,0.00013124515],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001658135,0.00021677563,0.00057686114,0.00022699422,0.0013745354,0.00025362152,0.00070258015,0.00019403854,0.000043626733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015187546,0.00013259218,0.00018573442,0.0022124194,0.0059262943,0.00082955515,0.00012932217,0.00014669247,0.000007660135],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.997851e-7,0.0000565109,0.000029094072,0.00039789657,0.0000026388566,0.0000029835712,0.0023537804,2.5336075e-7,0.00003712374,0.028302934,0.00063467224,0.96818113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010934057,0.0001833465,0.00027421903,0.002099022,0.0002335187,0.000016971142,0.00833329,0.0000028815075,0.000008739549,0.00096138916,0.98725826,0.00051901705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01293305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012196171,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9866236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020427487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015126434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126160625","doi":"10.3389/fnevo.2013.00001","title":"Neurobiology of human language and its evolution: primate and non-primate perspectives","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Primate; Non human primate; Front (military); Neuroscience; Cognitive science; History; Biology; Psychology; Geography; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.008187922367673808,"score_gpt":0.2763526091459915,"score_spread":0.26816468677831773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126160625","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993244,0.0031741834,0.00021525632,0.0007531717,0.000404814,0.00037847317,0.00000916332,0.000042801108,0.0017781538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99809486,0.0004322143,0.000610363,0.00008452129,0.000060137023,0.000023154624,0.0000022460156,0.0000060632365,0.0006864629],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863935,0.00017527478,0.00020455176,0.00040316046,0.00021973888,0.00035791995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995507,0.000025556925,0.00010434194,0.00011957956,0.000095715004,0.00010413019],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023405891,0.000121185534,0.00018534629,0.0001531412,0.00047925994,0.000034986646,0.00022865122,0.00008260749,0.000034686243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018307648,0.00011034254,0.000029310178,0.00044616993,0.0010077221,0.0008130553,0.00011749444,0.00013587112,0.000004056751],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059954546,0.00043599497,0.3548384,0.00016538902,0.000014683484,0.000031865846,0.11423886,0.00011215109,0.44093585,0.07424681,0.01241814,0.002501895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042043006,0.00017712789,0.9510058,0.00003715618,0.000010409912,0.00001305347,0.04094702,0.0026474197,0.000556105,0.0036114517,0.00029920303,0.00027483463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010192646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007312284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5961674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012277382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000075861484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4499638},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126374797","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2011.1750","title":"The structure of cross-cultural musical diversity","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Genetic diversity; Diversity (politics); Evolutionary biology; Cultural diversity; Musical; Divergence (linguistics); Population; Variation (astronomy); Biology; Geography; Sociology; Anthropology; Linguistics; Demography; Art","score_opus":0.05229264729642406,"score_gpt":0.29963093326986473,"score_spread":0.24733828597344068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126374797","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98341227,0.000117177435,7.749579e-7,0.00034175772,0.00015393077,0.0001281382,0.000005390985,0.000022476212,0.015818067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919647,0.000055400666,0.0002507202,0.00008214699,0.00010480182,8.292676e-7,1.7679153e-7,8.8759475e-7,0.00030858052],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988953,0.000024732102,0.00015568697,0.0001867785,0.000452766,0.00028476413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931103,0.00006496179,0.00020566402,0.000039868646,0.0003253976,0.000053055286],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007160326,0.00008073397,0.000114710456,0.0000031933428,0.003145783,0.000073922674,0.0012090924,0.00013834858,0.00014447715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054852467,0.000029423618,0.00024269913,0.00036865863,0.00699401,0.0002351761,0.00057967036,0.00013155966,0.0000012734587],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034245157,0.000057820165,0.8200766,0.000011436629,0.000031343698,5.540195e-8,0.053049035,0.0000015931303,0.013283692,0.10957794,0.0021486199,0.0017276177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019751761,0.00025092618,0.87394726,0.000025311841,0.000029637313,7.28027e-7,0.07041226,0.000089295674,0.013555272,0.039300002,0.0019654252,0.00022638764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015873767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052219388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07027794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034962814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028347536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99815196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2126674924","doi":"10.1007/s12110-008-9037-1","title":"Five Misunderstandings About Cultural Evolution","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Human Nature","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":344,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Behavioural sciences; Psychology; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Philosophy; Psychotherapist","score_opus":0.023730696688932414,"score_gpt":0.3231091010688961,"score_spread":0.2993784043799637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2126674924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8863142,0.0035077147,0.000026098582,0.00069836056,0.00032237533,0.00016655053,0.000004616296,0.00018775542,0.108772285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9667853,0.0001202459,0.000048590926,0.0002544272,0.0007074541,0.0000039493634,0.000025498863,0.0000051836005,0.032049343],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999079,0.00006333057,0.00009391945,0.00017104461,0.00033531277,0.00025737841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964267,0.000012272698,0.00005537507,0.00008617687,0.00012210516,0.00008141124],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010653043,0.00008801501,0.00008921239,0.00003224027,0.0017217771,0.000041684485,0.0001563218,0.00030799443,0.00043655877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000079107456,0.00006790751,0.00008050933,0.00021371656,0.00025874734,0.00038927392,0.000017007716,0.00035724428,0.00007840551],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024488969,0.00006346392,0.0033709654,0.000017514289,0.000034162214,0.00006637313,0.15450321,0.000004844086,0.004446119,0.58370894,0.25351846,0.00024146606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022496555,0.00019360251,0.20702061,0.0002171666,0.000096494354,0.00009203085,0.181132,0.00003265968,0.000808675,0.03293723,0.5737428,0.0014770702],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010521569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016908922,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5507717,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035383736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049680944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127684053","doi":"10.1145/2598394.2598395","title":"Deep learning and cultural evolution","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PQ Corporation (Canada); HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Task (project management); Representation (politics); Machine learning; Artificial neural network; Sociocultural evolution; Cognitive science; Psychology","score_opus":0.007699746125128166,"score_gpt":0.27781146473624674,"score_spread":0.27011171861111855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2127684053","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51003844,0.00064731494,0.0060940497,0.0010116759,0.00012828503,0.00007630817,4.629767e-8,0.0001970804,0.4818068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875492,0.000054542234,0.00025496626,0.000056648812,0.00019826856,0.000001444473,0.0000013920638,0.0000012849574,0.011882249],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996028,0.000086757034,0.00003834311,0.00006987051,0.000093835624,0.00010837642],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998711,0.000016831638,0.000014847328,0.000018151974,0.0000354669,0.000043627348],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017126586,0.000029136765,0.000033681143,0.000008060484,0.00039599763,0.000041659965,0.00002781427,0.000036087753,0.00023806194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016987175,0.00001994408,0.000013236904,0.00006154845,0.00006485318,0.00019711387,0.000010028659,0.000045115517,0.000056915796],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000066263137,0.00001369682,0.02866613,0.000008134613,0.000008307796,6.3330293e-7,0.03956584,0.000023369379,0.0028095865,0.77301407,0.0011369098,0.1547467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005694513,0.00012025979,0.0805376,0.000022224272,0.000028660843,0.000005526252,0.14680187,0.0063097705,0.0001352735,0.0098866755,0.7551433,0.000439388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016589797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024821034,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7631274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003232043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004779841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30457336},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128505999","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2010.0323","title":"On the nature of cultural transmission networks: evidence from Fijian villages for adaptive learning biases","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":331,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Cultural transmission in animals; Sociocultural evolution; Social learning; Evolutionary psychology; Natural selection; Adaptive strategies; Cognitive psychology; Set (abstract data type); Cultural learning; Adaptation (eye); Psychology; Social psychology; Selection (genetic algorithm); Evolutionary biology; Sociology; Biology; Geography; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Anthropology","score_opus":0.1462120501948562,"score_gpt":0.3278527816715863,"score_spread":0.18164073147673013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2128505999","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94459546,0.00286907,0.026970727,0.021437708,0.0004130327,0.0009945394,0.00005726139,0.00009998501,0.0025622342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99802905,0.0004873902,0.0009945825,0.00024385544,0.0001592559,0.00002489266,0.0000015508647,0.0000027890694,0.000056615543],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983764,0.00044247543,0.00023072735,0.00028689668,0.00039776153,0.00026573078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975373,0.001994478,0.00016095451,0.000109320536,0.00012708342,0.00007085122],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00084813766,0.00013128715,0.00019164046,0.000008267209,0.0017660244,0.000023858871,0.00075286854,0.00031532446,0.0004007788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00066912384,0.000052507283,0.00055635476,0.00044213887,0.0024777243,0.00014278153,0.000018201288,0.00045269317,0.0000010863163],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032570623,0.003046925,0.012257247,0.00011409628,0.0012249057,0.0000027777555,0.24833223,0.14094667,0.018634457,0.47490072,0.00251665,0.094766244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015993383,0.008475116,0.04616126,0.0030274573,0.0007250072,0.000002240333,0.14570451,0.13436982,0.029093832,0.6268994,0.0019948645,0.0019471117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001390026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000048467642,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15199871,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034575434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044504155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99953353},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129067542","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x08005116","title":"The origin of language as a product of the evolution of double-scope blending","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Meaning (existential); Order (exchange); Point (geometry); Product (mathematics); Computer science; Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Mathematics; Philosophy; Programming language; Business","score_opus":0.05708168636723141,"score_gpt":0.36050302961685005,"score_spread":0.3034213432496186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129067542","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940157,0.0016738196,0.0000014408063,0.0009051883,0.00012758329,0.00017096526,0.0000028359664,0.0000071976983,0.0030952615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979917,0.000076565586,0.000046654754,0.000008921885,0.00004623691,0.000003571959,2.6295757e-7,0.0000011358851,0.0018249884],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990804,0.00008989446,0.00015646651,0.00011791827,0.00041249726,0.00014281998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960977,0.000047024256,0.00015340978,0.00009335246,0.00007211842,0.000024333945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007550417,0.000047687496,0.00008738928,0.000023507228,0.00078514544,0.000014571581,0.00029060827,0.000025214196,0.000020736985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008558059,0.000021961767,0.000046225377,0.00056001265,0.0019651765,0.00020514453,0.00004703954,0.000042633605,7.3448456e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011424767,0.0002960974,0.2505738,0.00004754248,0.000013943938,0.0000046364103,0.2007894,0.000018272276,0.40837842,0.09799898,0.002233417,0.03953122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013883398,0.00083883136,0.38880637,0.00031474268,0.00010824662,0.000045164084,0.3749923,0.000034784352,0.21917726,0.002738137,0.011059026,0.0004967614],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022631941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023472866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18920115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002596423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026356985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98387647},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130755909","doi":"10.1016/b978-008044612-7/50056-1","title":"TO COGNIZE IS TO CATEGORIZE: COGNITION IS CATEGORIZATION","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":209,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Cognition; Cognitive science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.02013109534652076,"score_gpt":0.2835188284265506,"score_spread":0.26338773308002983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2130755909","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00012450966,0.00036145453,0.000056812456,0.0029350836,0.0005163409,0.0012920549,0.00010062355,0.00015093603,0.9944622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.010675417,0.000138298,0.00018320604,0.010674685,0.002268259,0.000078593934,0.00012591023,0.000057658763,0.97579795],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978211,0.000047963313,0.00038238938,0.00057127915,0.0007358717,0.000441429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99866635,0.000026686685,0.00017232924,0.00027960783,0.00046561492,0.00038941778],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002783999,0.00035242946,0.00036014774,0.00015489417,0.000518586,0.00015740203,0.0003016118,0.00049345195,0.003363344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050244944,0.00033381398,0.00018089035,0.00007321038,0.000090663,0.00014185435,0.00008041073,0.0002616179,0.005329649],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017943496,0.000007825107,0.0000014917321,0.00001733423,0.000045996625,0.0000072776024,0.030622317,5.313162e-7,0.00012779633,0.011245733,0.013881292,0.94402444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001544351,0.000056158584,0.000010463047,0.00013691687,0.00014271395,0.00000174086,0.00047680014,8.457349e-7,0.00027222984,0.008096231,0.9901537,0.00049780257],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007955575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016915008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97627234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036235407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023749666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133253438","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.2981","title":"A Non-Phylogenetic Conceptual Network Architecture for Organizing Classes of Material Artifacts into Cultural Lineages","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Artifact (error); Phylogenetic tree; Cultural transmission in animals; Architecture; Conceptual framework; Similarity (geometry); Experimental archaeology; Focus (optics); Anthropology; History; Genealogy; Archaeology; Sociology; Evolutionary biology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Biology; Social science","score_opus":0.038456432133635574,"score_gpt":0.2075807943616414,"score_spread":0.1691243622280058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133253438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965747,0.000039169267,0.0019609728,0.00011821839,0.00021136632,0.00035170183,0.0000047522985,0.000045683886,0.00069345057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978575,0.000033015443,0.000531151,0.00006860608,0.00047439648,0.000001645873,0.000016304284,0.0000074601962,0.0010099313],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992448,0.00006853558,0.00011483191,0.00022183795,0.00005989673,0.00029010203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994265,0.000059414888,0.00010373155,0.00010797312,0.00020524442,0.00009712885],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008701299,0.000106694126,0.0001517461,0.000026121541,0.00033082857,0.00004444757,0.00022155409,0.00011301904,0.0003147845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006755342,0.00009059103,0.00007807601,0.00030971205,0.0003182452,0.00024465943,0.00005055851,0.00006585543,0.000034164295],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00076442293,0.0004323541,0.05782296,0.00033718115,0.00061994046,0.000083209336,0.1994622,0.08072074,0.4038816,0.21858047,0.026630834,0.010664071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010381766,0.0028666763,0.1039178,0.00073939183,0.0013388309,0.000016669073,0.5055299,0.01955261,0.12725937,0.15405229,0.06911867,0.005226026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021570725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012410503,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30606768,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060139362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006137685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3694195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138385666","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0014810","title":"Testing for Divergent Transmission Histories among Cultural Characters: A Study Using Bayesian Phylogenetic Methods and Iranian Tribal Textile Data","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek; SFU Community Trust Endowment Fund; Simon Fraser University; Canada Research Chairs; Durham University; Harvard University; Research Councils UK; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Royal Anthropological Institute; Wenner-Gren Foundation","keywords":"Phylogenetic tree; Bayes' theorem; Bayesian probability; Bayes factor; Phylogenetics; Statistical hypothesis testing; Cultural transmission in animals; Phylogenetic comparative methods; Core (optical fiber); Evolutionary biology; Biology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Mathematics; Genetics; Gene","score_opus":0.32530734852080434,"score_gpt":0.3797644969004492,"score_spread":0.05445714837964488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138385666","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975137,0.00037851048,0.00086609897,0.000032328237,0.00005831136,0.00077005447,0.000017834487,0.000055015513,0.0003081056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9439309,0.000012515495,0.055614512,0.000013582186,0.00019298516,0.00002161541,0.000017340277,0.000008923941,0.00018760152],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883884,0.00022572155,0.0001725526,0.00029654554,0.00022207425,0.0002442887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945366,0.00005827324,0.000090955444,0.00016725462,0.0001088503,0.00012099645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005251499,0.00010810639,0.00018325378,0.000024981959,0.0006716408,0.000052413485,0.00023283096,0.00006046803,0.00006507406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003079793,0.00008392757,0.000024921279,0.00015148717,0.000114781295,0.0004621764,0.000063626714,0.00006606155,6.454233e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012250329,0.002424983,0.19244947,0.00014635675,0.00029089622,0.000010185481,0.51932573,3.3985114e-7,0.21381772,0.00007008642,0.000032954547,0.071308784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028049499,0.0014308316,0.7757458,0.00050779793,0.0025159114,0.0000033017893,0.1971334,0.0080852425,0.009113915,0.00058277894,0.00080444815,0.0012716133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038292892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007527437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5832963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007921272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036835787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57887655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138739586","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x07002294","title":"Epigenetic and cultural evolution are non-Darwinian","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Darwinism; Natural selection; Argument (complex analysis); Replication (statistics); Epigenetics; Selection (genetic algorithm); Evolutionary biology; Code (set theory); Population; Biology; Cognitive science; Psychology; Epistemology; Computer science; Sociology; Genetics; Artificial intelligence; Demography; Philosophy","score_opus":0.04178214042339421,"score_gpt":0.368686517871536,"score_spread":0.32690437744814177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138739586","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99389124,0.00086171343,0.000064378095,0.0018194558,0.00015460253,0.0001268251,0.000002568561,0.000034982582,0.003044212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981993,0.000055370347,0.00029939163,0.0001630456,0.00018284016,0.000002815128,0.0000013388795,0.0000019002592,0.0010940267],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896306,0.00004649198,0.00012002846,0.00023956971,0.0003067681,0.00032408242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996594,0.00003515823,0.000059505237,0.000043832828,0.0000541232,0.00014797886],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00091053674,0.00008215339,0.00008843618,0.00004668193,0.0012027234,0.00016161354,0.00011858107,0.000073799485,0.00004528849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000055736327,0.00005599649,0.000025329384,0.00033569857,0.0010833747,0.000461069,0.000037283357,0.000061449966,0.00000752858],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002623819,0.0001497411,0.69806886,0.000020583519,0.0000052966116,0.00004100358,0.07086375,0.000001566648,0.027631959,0.0120869335,0.0022237874,0.18888031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017400159,0.00014037485,0.9194773,0.00003076513,0.0000134554075,0.000009336221,0.07335249,0.000011964075,0.00023951427,0.0008316998,0.0055179205,0.0002011819],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037662475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009201292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22140846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039023605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042155865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9250497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138925982","doi":"","title":"A Character-Based Intersection Graph Approach to Linguistic Phylogeny","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Phylogenetics; Phylogenetic tree; Intersection graph; Computer science; Intersection (aeronautics); Graph; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Geography; Theoretical computer science; Line graph","score_opus":0.015010915721460537,"score_gpt":0.2830936736837711,"score_spread":0.26808275796231057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138925982","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7390554,0.000004467222,0.003962479,0.00032070003,0.00091867114,0.0002095346,0.0000014835357,0.00014920287,0.25537807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947852,4.479731e-7,0.0015125421,0.0005816426,0.00069712003,0.000020071202,0.00000804553,0.0000036726935,0.002391296],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994499,0.000034270743,0.000071925,0.00013896367,0.0001424406,0.00016249929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969304,0.000013786714,0.000022360304,0.00008917538,0.00008231831,0.00009934487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019849987,0.000053652664,0.000054718224,0.000045646633,0.00022660903,0.000052593994,0.00011064693,0.000054264954,0.0003097382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023993643,0.0000405287,0.000047713307,0.00023061274,0.00005000226,0.00005691704,0.000009402035,0.000109743516,0.0001157242],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011772767,0.0008933978,0.0051428084,0.00004188026,0.000050156363,0.000011363823,0.14185396,0.000026827634,0.4362617,0.3664907,0.009672634,0.039436847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020077787,0.00054102024,0.11082577,0.000064770255,0.00014341366,0.000015839616,0.06163121,0.0024749832,0.021771127,0.009990343,0.78830767,0.0022260956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003291699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0053284084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.778635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026788526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003851411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49760863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142971723","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-55337-0_3","title":"Evolving Culture Versus Local Minima","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in computational intelligence","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Maxima and minima; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Representation (politics); Cognitive science; Space (punctuation); Deep learning; Artificial neural network; Theoretical computer science; Machine learning; Psychology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.11231101907733608,"score_gpt":0.4049284320994243,"score_spread":0.2926174130220882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142971723","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000027460253,0.018894058,0.024639528,0.0006134512,0.0023940399,0.00031690212,0.000015152736,0.000095113,0.9530043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48489013,0.0040390976,0.0040484047,0.00046949732,0.002229704,0.000032105607,0.00010483035,0.00004121486,0.504145],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840736,0.000057134162,0.0003438547,0.00035773075,0.0005834039,0.00025048788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985876,0.0005566559,0.00015740996,0.00010052624,0.00053893164,0.0000588798],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031613815,0.00022658346,0.0003024533,0.00007676528,0.00038451908,0.000038023914,0.00028585136,0.00023291222,0.00041917939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041045065,0.00019829482,0.00011438119,0.00008499605,0.0010236222,0.000100474455,0.000117427895,0.0003257959,0.0003439261],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003476819,0.000009112357,0.0000061493533,0.000043590815,0.00011814986,0.00003229092,0.028594946,0.008626203,1.4230456e-7,0.91163254,0.011189687,0.03971244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002530526,0.0001939364,0.000028185697,0.0009450078,0.00007918594,0.000005878923,0.041372187,0.0027429927,0.000003904524,0.4916193,0.4618835,0.0008728918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001463723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024651317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4848627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00057627744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013171436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8086228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143824927","doi":"10.5204/jld.v1i3.35","title":"Design patterns for complex learning","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Learning Design","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"","keywords":"Explication; Learning design; Context (archaeology); Educational technology; Experiential learning; Computer science; Learning sciences; Pattern language (formal languages); Instructional design; Curriculum; Open learning; Mathematics education; Knowledge management; Teaching method; Cooperative learning; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Pedagogy; Multimedia; Epistemology","score_opus":0.06912687447880621,"score_gpt":0.3207022286124759,"score_spread":0.25157535413366966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143824927","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.031265136,0.0002940645,0.96637404,0.00060677,0.00017295289,0.00019944784,2.625524e-7,0.000046004952,0.0010413501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9702221,0.000044172077,0.024135198,0.00004279709,0.0010926015,0.0000036174304,0.000002676695,0.000013012873,0.004443791],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817914,0.0008285889,0.00029433775,0.00008875592,0.00034132204,0.00026783466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987149,0.0004626489,0.0004284332,0.00003549417,0.00029048076,0.00006802451],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022132453,0.000084926774,0.00017519387,0.000070173046,0.00066977815,0.00011251162,0.0001654122,0.000078646095,0.00020634983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005710183,0.000067853245,0.00012156134,0.00012967053,0.00004753567,0.0002666208,0.000008088602,0.0003006378,0.000015050349],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010210568,0.00035881274,0.035942715,0.00008081545,0.00023929193,0.00021150803,0.06188908,0.59507847,0.108150035,0.00447792,0.07770699,0.11484332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0064658537,0.005594145,0.039874844,0.00059164804,0.00052376126,0.00022540161,0.072614186,0.028699376,0.006924826,0.011439631,0.82537514,0.0016711851],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024606378,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000025721607,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9422388,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011499247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011992885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51514596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144222472","doi":"10.1007/s11023-008-9098-2","title":"Robosemantics: How Stanley the Volkswagen Represents the World","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minds and Machines","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Robotics; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy of mind; Theory of computation; Computer science; Robot; Representation (politics); Meaning (existential); Victory; Philosophy of science; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Philosophy; Psychology; Programming language; Metaphysics; Political science","score_opus":0.025779929110437663,"score_gpt":0.2902805375564289,"score_spread":0.26450060844599127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144222472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9284078,0.002353492,0.000028440276,0.036259852,0.00022587592,0.00019776261,0.000003681118,0.00003462624,0.03248848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91205096,0.00026932618,0.00002733474,0.0003492057,0.00039656545,0.0000069902794,0.000002418747,0.000003107534,0.086894095],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939317,0.00010089991,0.000056420584,0.00010616232,0.00019147772,0.0001518754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997061,0.000058016958,0.000034650282,0.00013141474,0.000033690434,0.000036143178],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023320576,0.00006058616,0.00006226648,0.000012577256,0.0012711385,0.00008229372,0.00016861857,0.00002504084,0.00009379089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008609473,0.000025425841,0.000037552632,0.0001571502,0.0002636604,0.00010823039,0.000046696598,0.000074985954,0.000009187292],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005197271,0.0001146609,0.15618378,0.000021671758,0.00014090688,0.00008900267,0.27588156,0.000016821854,0.0012797167,0.03253097,0.3704738,0.16321513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031896817,0.000028442011,0.18261944,0.000017802438,0.00004993585,0.000020425014,0.018124746,0.00034758679,0.00014404317,0.0026139724,0.79547745,0.0002371787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003153814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016964972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42500368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009452705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000018844255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97766984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144535553","doi":"10.3115/v1/d14-1031","title":"A Cognitive Model of Semantic Network Learning","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Semantic network; Natural language processing; Semantic computing; Cognitive model; Cognition; Semantic Web; Psychology","score_opus":0.020710518662330774,"score_gpt":0.2881903568953162,"score_spread":0.26747983823298543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144535553","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.49218595,0.000064579624,0.03908824,0.0002074528,0.000044942317,0.000076069846,1.9785857e-7,0.00006352234,0.46826905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897333,0.000011319506,0.00027257696,0.00009674258,0.00012895216,0.0000012867565,0.0000012505841,0.0000015381298,0.009753053],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99961543,0.000075171825,0.000050549785,0.000050820887,0.00010168612,0.0001063438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982816,0.00004480035,0.000027997487,0.000018881183,0.000056052206,0.000024132512],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024613284,0.000023710241,0.00004974818,0.000005374398,0.00015283212,0.000007747458,0.000035464935,0.00002795836,0.00014984049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016357233,0.000017510132,0.000023137103,0.00007763412,0.000051372943,0.00006631084,0.000009421501,0.000038182785,0.000026451293],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004493124,0.00007815295,0.017891854,0.00003419607,0.00005835688,0.0000010614048,0.13802254,0.049184926,0.00241084,0.6963087,0.0054991767,0.09046529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011242824,0.00023918644,0.0051139416,0.0002504245,0.00014090537,8.465706e-7,0.09900246,0.82452494,0.00093859446,0.058799125,0.009257166,0.00060814444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009446057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011074604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006587949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016464739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16406482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145276519","doi":"10.1145/2492189.2492195","title":"Report on the workshop on search and exploration of x-rated information (SEXI 2013)","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM SIGIR Forum","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Turun Yliopisto","keywords":"Computer science; World Wide Web; Perspective (graphical); Data science; Information retrieval; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.05616040018560992,"score_gpt":0.32929852605095394,"score_spread":0.27313812586534403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2145276519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9630125,0.00008792729,0.00006989856,0.014743842,0.00019161281,0.00026042925,0.0000021462192,0.00003322305,0.02159842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985798,0.00008457017,0.000026634556,0.00038004492,0.000102403086,0.000011664406,0.00002466227,0.0000021515752,0.0007880915],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992839,0.00007553773,0.00013230176,0.000050664672,0.0002758163,0.00018179591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953675,0.0001016423,0.00006930085,0.00016951609,0.00007983709,0.000042953347],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059347926,0.000047670557,0.000052015777,0.000027371341,0.00027325627,0.000038212253,0.000101395475,0.000061108854,0.000061247745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005443231,0.000028483992,0.00001965338,0.0001734475,0.00006787876,0.0013492439,0.00003111262,0.00007690947,0.00006799165],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019676224,0.00024179876,0.023087509,0.000027443622,0.00006386604,0.000004284228,0.2902421,0.00021857729,0.0015130605,0.42203388,0.09527815,0.16709258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001029135,0.0005147614,0.11742403,0.0002554957,0.000064044354,0.000011446912,0.5491315,0.0002984777,0.0109461425,0.015849331,0.30375767,0.00071795686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00050512387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00022186486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40618452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000033005213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020928965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21016939},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153159646","doi":"10.1017/s0305000900004323","title":"Buzzsaws and blueprints: Commentary","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Journal of Child Language","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Connectionism; Cognitive science; Sentence; Grammaticality; Linguistics; Criticism; Grammar; Subject (documents); Set (abstract data type); Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Programming language; Artificial neural network","score_opus":0.005968656499912502,"score_gpt":0.2610907500274712,"score_spread":0.25512209352755866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2153159646","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.015355246,0.009701758,0.000002402467,0.93022317,0.00040123292,0.00012275,0.000020005122,0.000020603291,0.04415282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0102627175,0.0023385042,0.000090267444,0.9671076,0.016607512,0.0000010885431,0.000035429082,0.000019753446,0.003537131],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99857736,0.00023248313,0.00031122478,0.00012012488,0.00050920696,0.0002496119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999342,0.00006298977,0.00032718695,0.0001239239,0.000056980654,0.00008689846],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003688703,0.00014726908,0.00029289254,0.000095295116,0.0002415504,0.00009167161,0.0002951889,0.00034737692,0.0019086263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005914657,0.000107727734,0.00016018018,0.000092479044,0.0001404969,0.00024226702,0.000028549819,0.0013432924,0.000024872004],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000996122,0.000014026876,0.000028069024,0.00001582545,0.000056772347,0.00081056776,0.015439385,2.3895356e-7,0.000008515913,0.000018826986,0.9704762,0.013121618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002563249,0.00003545235,0.0001608307,0.00017606362,0.00007765564,0.00015918323,0.0039225076,1.9458518e-7,0.000015151631,0.00010545303,0.994949,0.0001421872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011338687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002385927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04061569,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010032155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049416536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99900377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155461570","doi":"10.1515/langcog-2013-0018","title":"Archeology and the language-ready brain","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language and Cognition","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Neurocognitive; Argument (complex analysis); Focus (optics); Cognitive science; Linguistics; Psychology; Cognition; Philosophy; Neuroscience; Biology","score_opus":0.008717505246362073,"score_gpt":0.271412177704133,"score_spread":0.26269467245777095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2155461570","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94764537,0.0023936925,0.00004669279,0.007940519,0.000044932527,0.0002884651,0.000003813025,0.00005633509,0.04158018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925562,0.00014240098,0.00004295362,0.0025857545,0.00024197555,0.00004568144,0.000032446882,0.000003640483,0.004348923],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993611,0.00020440274,0.00007112414,0.00011023848,0.00009759958,0.0001555638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996627,0.00015831385,0.000031242467,0.000057860474,0.000038651182,0.00005122055],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025872505,0.00005797199,0.00007756675,0.000017406051,0.00028368842,0.000078674,0.000049277365,0.000060793725,0.00056807336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020133307,0.000034892146,0.000018531891,0.000066720386,0.00037461435,0.000185754,0.000024283232,0.00007934064,0.000079774785],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006088505,0.000033579596,0.00041563917,0.000023489307,0.000042331532,0.000026468982,0.45561984,8.6614556e-8,0.00995941,0.09332588,0.00603835,0.43445405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047331625,0.00011659544,0.02242223,0.000059876602,0.00016332664,0.00007264857,0.9177386,0.00019657753,0.0012815904,0.041146267,0.011542636,0.00052646786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012902562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030153252,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4621188,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000073014053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000101167925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9936706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156526064","doi":"10.1037/a0026727","title":"The role of semantic diversity in lexical organization.","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":156,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Google Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Natural language processing; Redundancy (engineering); Artificial intelligence; Word lists by frequency; Word (group theory); Latent semantic analysis; Context (archaeology); Linguistics","score_opus":0.03261418555332898,"score_gpt":0.3128819868850811,"score_spread":0.28026780133175216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2156526064","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97805583,0.008677158,0.000012297105,0.0010340296,0.0014463475,0.00016440342,0.000008183777,0.000007596586,0.010594151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99882305,0.000089538895,0.00013487332,0.00044380393,0.00032590062,0.0000036501997,0.0000041635226,0.000012622033,0.00016237829],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981224,0.00026303774,0.00040126307,0.00016546884,0.00010528383,0.00094253116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847066,0.000063798725,0.0002554583,0.00022022561,0.000116680225,0.00087318924],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011247604,0.0001337155,0.0002129772,0.0001815808,0.0007208605,0.000028778322,0.00070329977,0.0001716823,0.0004340038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024759443,0.00011510283,0.000095483796,0.0004998664,0.00062419206,0.00033745423,0.000044216602,0.00026300427,0.000017727192],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000077005876,0.00032168502,0.78155357,0.0000040400823,0.00007552672,0.000117003976,0.15042557,0.000005059913,0.04110247,0.016697649,0.006652822,0.0029675774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023878505,0.0005621496,0.48026356,0.00011481251,0.00005859871,0.0006414297,0.4366801,0.000004310094,0.022841785,0.0042881216,0.051523853,0.00063343905],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04234119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18429962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30129004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001071343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029640432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9640359},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157487477","doi":"10.1017/s1366728906002781","title":"A “linguistic approach” to the idiosyncratic nature of second language acquisition: Monosyllabic place-holders and morpheme orders","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bilingualism Language and Cognition","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Morpheme; Second-language acquisition; Linguistics; Universal grammar; Grammar; Cognition; Theoretical linguistics; Cognitive science; Language acquisition; Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.009407784405683753,"score_gpt":0.28054145628369764,"score_spread":0.2711336718780139,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2157487477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795026,0.004426053,0.00025383633,0.00035082325,0.0001210715,0.00052094593,0.000028649843,0.00006636896,0.0147296265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967202,0.000059585967,0.00047686894,0.0014748026,0.00054174796,0.00001577163,0.00007331794,0.0000130749195,0.00062464137],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987008,0.00013125206,0.0002466573,0.00029368704,0.00031929745,0.00030831568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992533,0.00017851715,0.00011144585,0.00015835134,0.00015520812,0.00014322338],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009788225,0.00015441506,0.0001809291,0.000092328155,0.00038752396,0.00009096434,0.00012630828,0.00020207379,0.00014221243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005096684,0.00011303943,0.000051380575,0.0003706964,0.00020482249,0.00014699402,0.000041248375,0.00020796,0.0000072681078],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020970736,0.00015235355,0.00026244603,0.0002680077,0.00010113874,0.00010611744,0.93799865,0.0000077605355,0.023333156,0.011646497,0.0009118719,0.025002262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016697254,0.00022115679,0.005199169,0.00023277024,0.00031884338,0.00009107343,0.9741623,0.00015036942,0.008863651,0.0017871042,0.0065507055,0.0007531244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010520031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004141661,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.036163624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003233992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005417187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46096143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2160070657","doi":"10.5555/2772879.2773478","title":"Exploiting Objects as Artifacts in Multi-Agent Based Social Simulations: Extended Abstract","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agents Systems","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Artifact (error); Social learning; Computer science; Margin (machine learning); Population; Artificial intelligence; Social network (sociolinguistics); Machine learning; Knowledge management; World Wide Web; Sociology; Social media","score_opus":0.21739492152212178,"score_gpt":0.38830544025226765,"score_spread":0.17091051873014587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2160070657","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920022,0.0007726973,0.00090621086,0.00016105613,0.0008781544,0.00148446,0.000043877862,0.00014102606,0.003610346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971093,0.000033790235,0.0003612224,0.00023548304,0.00025960748,0.0000747154,0.00004621748,0.0000260085,0.0018536745],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99728405,0.0004365084,0.00050281617,0.0004891845,0.0006792783,0.00060814637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988482,0.00008925872,0.00027988796,0.00015008291,0.00027084746,0.0003617493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081470254,0.00026986332,0.00033329043,0.00014153897,0.0006562339,0.00020224301,0.00019087522,0.00021329985,0.000099024735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044818915,0.0002396621,0.0000898113,0.00032078184,0.00013751329,0.00063082244,0.00006133399,0.0001947145,0.0001537735],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00076086266,0.005848298,0.08076295,0.0003859048,0.00068761915,0.0012777923,0.82954055,0.026554478,0.0059455754,0.0060777413,0.0058998372,0.036258403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.014257684,0.00030991813,0.34824133,0.0006884409,0.00015255806,0.000009411483,0.4077354,0.20473905,0.00029103324,0.00020054901,0.021484613,0.0018899728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02018531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0056099934,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4218051,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043178388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022637617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9863394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163037133","doi":"10.1080/15659801.2013.825431","title":"Trees, thickets, or something in between? Recent theoretical and empirical work in cultural phylogeny","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Phylogenetic tree; Diversity (politics); Sociocultural evolution; Epistemology; Sociology; Nothing; Range (aeronautics); Anthropology; Biology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03226983744110724,"score_gpt":0.3408091080811583,"score_spread":0.30853927064005104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2163037133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909793,0.0014365976,0.000022102062,0.0068945917,0.00016735398,0.0001238104,4.867025e-7,0.0000056215845,0.00037010122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981413,0.0010579787,0.00025935387,0.00024296383,0.00022856705,0.0000035847418,0.0000010066445,0.0000027280855,0.00006255769],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986011,0.00052960956,0.00033730167,0.00011797172,0.00014528239,0.0002687366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993343,0.00027939133,0.00012944182,0.000035342957,0.000113740345,0.00010782783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011653631,0.00008076882,0.0002204517,0.00011665022,0.00018100839,0.000039222476,0.0000877417,0.00026139652,0.00015152643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007822846,0.0000519271,0.0000303661,0.00031070228,0.00044968896,0.00045932565,0.00003031447,0.0004048983,0.0000068327918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014146775,0.00006206131,0.96672016,0.0000048071124,0.000015040113,0.000023290515,0.01252785,0.0000061805445,0.0001665882,0.008928363,0.0008541544,0.0105500445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005429302,0.00014244055,0.9676182,0.00004083335,0.000015375008,0.00002427798,0.013686213,0.000022691302,0.000004499922,0.017318007,0.0005061761,0.00007831333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00047233142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005640881,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0104717305,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021311006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010843981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3147744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165827649","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2012.0211","title":"Modularity, comparative cognition and human uniqueness","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Modularity (biology); Cognition; Cognitive science; Biology; Neuroscience; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.2806694610444786,"score_gpt":0.41490743194295404,"score_spread":0.13423797089847544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165827649","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007591074,0.9905222,0.00042778387,0.001257962,0.00024586226,0.0008861438,0.000084113475,0.00007833863,0.0057384847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.38444677,0.6148619,0.00017558147,0.000054732005,0.0002946901,0.000049111528,0.000011402786,0.0000042515476,0.0001015793],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99761736,0.00085267937,0.00037078114,0.0003626405,0.00043410607,0.0003624309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910146,0.00028776587,0.00025275073,0.00013081341,0.00008262926,0.00014455304],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010541332,0.00024017037,0.0007136398,0.000020285514,0.0024510766,0.00006188756,0.0006290035,0.00057440705,0.00021762346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034225694,0.00011963966,0.0007794495,0.0006220122,0.0047999895,0.00014660205,0.00005912962,0.00051670184,0.0000060889734],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018013,0.001727876,0.0003306235,0.0037048408,0.0009387743,0.0000013862549,0.01262127,0.000052138814,0.00005446031,0.38998663,0.00014959271,0.5904144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00063945,0.0008362957,0.00081700407,0.0054745898,0.004452674,0.000019158166,0.006092005,0.00013834679,0.00004518774,0.23876926,0.7403,0.002415993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070915476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006934213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74015045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000084369465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010482236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166679099","doi":"10.1162/artl.2009.marriott.014","title":"Imitation as a Mechanism of Cultural Transmission","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Artificial Life","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Imitation; Mechanism (biology); Foraging; Computer science; Cultural transmission in animals; Reinforcement learning; Population; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Ecology; Biology; Social psychology; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.0314297159781537,"score_gpt":0.32555341085043205,"score_spread":0.29412369487227835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2166679099","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9355484,0.00015398859,0.001155693,0.0059369174,0.00014013577,0.0002131841,0.00000128719,0.00008970442,0.056760676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99810755,0.000027555348,0.0002196585,0.00043425232,0.00022685855,0.0000019261229,0.0000066573416,0.000001947286,0.00097361475],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927425,0.00007602012,0.00015075011,0.00009412029,0.00025043575,0.00015439688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996887,0.00001589387,0.000055589524,0.00004855768,0.000101383914,0.000089892324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020279843,0.00004920247,0.000077032,0.000022103162,0.00025615154,0.000027601467,0.000075966505,0.00006559726,0.0002590111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018270647,0.000037976988,0.00005749968,0.00017690212,0.000042954627,0.00027645793,0.0000030965057,0.0000427137,0.000075020165],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032742802,0.000046106223,0.000003908256,0.000002220259,0.0000032468188,0.0000019919694,0.04254088,0.0000047056005,0.061226666,0.85771245,0.00062267086,0.037802383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005833113,0.00073704205,0.0029150476,0.000081497565,0.00009281472,0.0000025429927,0.20228203,0.0004261707,0.13330393,0.59675753,0.062211476,0.0006066361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011604541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013536937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26095498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021945933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006515897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.283599},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2185067608","doi":"","title":"Cooperation, Competition, and Linguistic Diversity","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Diversity (politics); Competition (biology); Linguistics; Divergence (linguistics); Linguistic diversity; Group (periodic table); Microeconomics; Computer science; Economics; Sociology; Ecology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.010585795354188361,"score_gpt":0.25140593645414067,"score_spread":0.2408201410999523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2185067608","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40619496,0.00006706715,0.0064978823,0.002145172,0.0002181504,0.000094624666,9.646973e-7,0.00012699937,0.5846542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949522,0.00001557334,0.00013532338,0.0003710468,0.00019029877,3.8324464e-7,0.000003080978,5.6693455e-7,0.0043315017],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997648,0.000041925414,0.000027114207,0.000049426155,0.00006464736,0.000052059346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983853,0.000018051973,0.000007778461,0.000023340392,0.00007863541,0.000033687644],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013427052,0.000018236626,0.000024836121,0.0000054760562,0.0007533282,0.000027110253,0.000029046958,0.000017860602,0.0003906718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020946954,0.000014223721,0.0000057573957,0.000039179522,0.00006327279,0.000057931335,0.000025214906,0.000015691723,0.000038399907],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.1806396e-7,0.0000054864017,0.004980773,0.0000013947407,0.0000014048145,2.1646547e-7,0.012724069,9.47028e-7,0.000041679767,0.9796168,0.001488958,0.0011373593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068909704,0.00008488792,0.07656356,0.000019599327,0.000037224407,0.0000019609092,0.013126017,0.00083349657,0.00014339374,0.03637143,0.87175554,0.00037380724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028648875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004751955,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94324535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000109826215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000074121212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5794068},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2195712497","doi":"10.1037/cep0000053","title":"Generating structure from experience: A retrieval-based model of language processing.","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Abstraction; Deep linguistic processing; Perception; Natural language processing; Computer science; Semantic memory; Grammar; Language identification; Semantics (computer science); Cognitive science; Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Situated; Artificial intelligence; Cognition; Natural language","score_opus":0.10004318772891306,"score_gpt":0.40629986749820834,"score_spread":0.30625667976929527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2195712497","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10781381,0.8877158,0.00006568227,0.00010619163,0.0015910474,0.0005566067,0.0005943863,0.000025056364,0.0015314071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7596895,0.22223371,0.010568789,0.0021232695,0.0033941763,0.00009254749,0.0006497695,0.00028382408,0.00096437597],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9958179,0.0005567565,0.0013254101,0.0007175283,0.00029171235,0.0012906634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99550945,0.00006238007,0.0015973623,0.00062501844,0.00032468117,0.0018811282],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094279594,0.0005968642,0.001595765,0.0005632343,0.0004249628,0.00011381912,0.0016271241,0.00093950785,0.0007416549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002957715,0.0005452277,0.0005562684,0.0007079689,0.00092375954,0.00035694503,0.00003477187,0.00085852336,0.000009685064],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032945283,0.0006096874,0.00023603144,0.0010953262,0.0006740474,0.0023546529,0.5049305,0.0003901769,0.03022001,0.00027765543,0.030071294,0.4288112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0051645176,0.0016243294,0.00002795991,0.011356777,0.0012314991,0.0008721604,0.24179107,0.00060325494,0.0027188957,0.0007557134,0.7303392,0.0035146074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022085894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09573373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7002679,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0031482785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005382473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99969995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2217762266","doi":"","title":"Generating Communications Systems Through Shared Context","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Computer science; Telecommunications; Biology","score_opus":0.03913807721762526,"score_gpt":0.2992997336139651,"score_spread":0.26016165639633987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2217762266","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00025327888,0.052828677,0.000601347,0.009881255,0.0018986551,0.0013884484,0.00046814847,0.0020186992,0.9306615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.072742894,0.008801914,0.020998226,0.00026901957,0.00093945966,0.00030658042,0.00031629213,0.000317064,0.89530855],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979509,0.00012823199,0.00046673682,0.00046537354,0.00048072494,0.0005080234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974453,0.00002452822,0.0007434954,0.001515144,0.00019395727,0.00007756512],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019983624,0.00036664106,0.0006833147,0.00039913977,0.000631368,0.00009053398,0.0017681912,0.0015217398,0.0007810517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004067507,0.00033701363,0.00016903716,0.00093016576,0.0017364585,0.00034963663,0.00030699404,0.00060753233,0.00023560249],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025421436,0.00012622253,0.00017504883,0.00012371347,0.00028462475,0.000021200452,0.0049586254,0.000020169828,0.00028776907,0.10921308,0.8735084,0.011278617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029926264,0.000026808822,0.0000025556633,0.00059590215,0.000089901,0.0000049835085,0.004674386,0.00010542024,0.000030453892,0.00012466355,0.9936675,0.00037819185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011184813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015037316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12015908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026051834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001668747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2227629781","doi":"10.1075/slcs.144.16bou","title":"Arbitrary signs and the emergence of language","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in language companion series","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Cognitive science; Perception; Computer science; Human language; Sign system; Human brain; Property (philosophy); Expression (computer science); Neuroscience; Psychology; Communication; Linguistics; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.042189677428563235,"score_gpt":0.33326481871611896,"score_spread":0.29107514128755574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2227629781","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.024601309,0.17302237,0.0000040883697,0.0011198631,0.00075606105,0.00085929455,0.000042838517,0.00009107441,0.7995031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5562897,0.02671153,0.0001970466,0.00025834143,0.0006925605,0.00005936561,0.000029737981,0.000033206474,0.41572857],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998685,0.00014220024,0.00035957908,0.0002422755,0.00034238305,0.0002285503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991471,0.00021085207,0.00023875757,0.00023727014,0.00012560075,0.00004040591],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044931425,0.00023084231,0.0005410109,0.000064923115,0.00028388965,0.000026525031,0.00026426854,0.0001501259,0.0012203297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022215342,0.00014396608,0.000106295505,0.00007939831,0.0024388956,0.00022944031,0.0002035807,0.000265555,0.00003249749],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004550561,0.000008530326,0.000027920862,0.00012678698,0.00012995234,0.000028455763,0.469205,7.308723e-7,0.00017134615,0.5217596,0.0057074553,0.00278869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074976246,0.000078338984,0.00015846279,0.00060478086,0.00011403795,0.000009597688,0.93122077,0.0000030107753,0.00013420463,0.024794389,0.041612435,0.0005201956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024078188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060587623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53168833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039493854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042116906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996927},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2269209417","doi":"","title":"Designing for Persistence from the Margins","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Persistence (discontinuity); Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.10486588256643775,"score_gpt":0.3090059224490599,"score_spread":0.20414003988262214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2269209417","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6134505,0.0042391582,0.00034311658,0.2193872,0.0034266121,0.0042138393,0.000045148456,0.00031367986,0.15458071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92678654,0.0005843137,0.0006794909,0.002239491,0.00052679697,0.00030728139,0.00004422284,0.000017871085,0.06881399],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977883,0.00048976997,0.0002949169,0.00045957038,0.00052072166,0.00044673806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99861455,0.000349971,0.00043974986,0.00019557805,0.00021492329,0.0001852171],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005629569,0.00019707788,0.00020622584,0.000045410678,0.0010157523,0.0002853787,0.00026853333,0.00012262687,0.0010995832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016308723,0.00015723394,0.000052539843,0.0003847,0.00017221841,0.00041616242,0.000035108405,0.00045516583,0.00009235916],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023451744,0.0004131148,0.28276616,0.00013102274,0.000060451108,0.0000026826708,0.049529787,0.00004251806,0.0016079298,0.45493615,0.037296217,0.17297944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064707384,0.000290122,0.67484903,0.0005138161,0.000033917688,7.5087036e-7,0.09441887,0.00024971168,0.000069803595,0.021749383,0.20660843,0.0005690831],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022114525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011128609,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43318677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051974395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005596961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981356},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2284163583","doi":"10.5840/cpsem2004/200514","title":"Cognitive Style and Zoosemiotics","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Semiotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Style (visual arts); Psychology; Art; Literature","score_opus":0.020897288747962445,"score_gpt":0.2841845624412219,"score_spread":0.2632872736932595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2284163583","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00048904587,0.0020518068,0.000049749346,0.0005169648,0.00029628407,0.00026445914,0.000054456403,0.000093798866,0.99618345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12851918,0.0039679375,0.00028295006,0.00062400714,0.0010807996,0.0000010559213,0.00008594051,0.00003869786,0.8653994],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898565,0.000023515773,0.0001688094,0.00023937225,0.00033582395,0.00024685793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993616,0.00010163051,0.00012547395,0.000103234925,0.00016419042,0.0001438954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017766086,0.00018946457,0.00022350733,0.00003833444,0.00032917727,0.0000668624,0.000109297325,0.00046585026,0.0007060333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018664383,0.00017274942,0.00007407165,0.00002855094,0.0004071754,0.0000877378,0.00005717608,0.0003180055,0.00017704364],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008050414,0.000013465279,0.00003324574,0.000046099907,0.00006861028,0.000049572125,0.013011513,0.0000019189063,0.0000067744163,0.97329986,0.0031175418,0.010343375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009885962,0.00017355508,0.0002321612,0.0017563466,0.0007071216,0.000015869895,0.012757027,0.000014836235,0.000055668817,0.32262692,0.65920764,0.0014642586],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028474635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009296974,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6560901,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019618211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021535999,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.773057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2292888689","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2015.0189","title":"Selectivity in social and asocial learning: investigating the prevalence, effect and development of young children's learning preferences","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council","keywords":"Task (project management); Preference; Psychology; Social learning; Replication (statistics); Developmental psychology; Cognitive psychology; Biology; Pedagogy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.044925709077240486,"score_gpt":0.29302829305307737,"score_spread":0.2481025839758369,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2292888689","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99577373,0.00017344764,0.000223611,0.0030457322,0.000034907836,0.00022825817,0.0000026714604,0.000023185263,0.0004944734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995157,0.00013093441,0.0001803108,0.000016927888,0.000089023386,0.000016013013,2.2930814e-7,0.0000018228335,0.000049030423],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807084,0.00085698237,0.00021937501,0.0002513401,0.00035780386,0.00024366465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914575,0.0005806575,0.00014996868,0.000034279576,0.000041461153,0.00004788813],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001961071,0.00010532408,0.00018109327,0.000012830445,0.0024293698,0.000029423778,0.00028031712,0.00016046395,0.000038723236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050822576,0.00004286338,0.0001013023,0.00038821637,0.0037174064,0.00011852437,0.000048039507,0.00030953472,3.3727295e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016272217,0.00005653928,0.9430766,0.000030814066,0.00003450483,3.90436e-8,0.017922556,0.000051139694,0.0022110716,0.002374797,0.0000026493958,0.034222983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029592024,0.00024994064,0.9867693,0.000080926104,0.000026319423,7.877852e-7,0.0022914275,0.0001346566,0.00085679727,0.009102504,0.000036756224,0.00015465193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038804562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013496535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04369268,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043757205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009185056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99899393},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2296756492","doi":"10.1109/culture.and.computing.2015.37","title":"Cultural Networks and the Future of Cultural Analytics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Analytics; Computer science; Data science","score_opus":0.022229799951540143,"score_gpt":0.3032692585501042,"score_spread":0.2810394585985641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2296756492","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70935094,0.016127069,0.00036629397,0.019325359,0.0010224932,0.0004473893,0.0000025775264,0.0001151595,0.2532427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929348,0.0004687186,0.00008770973,0.00023123594,0.0007695867,0.0000015520038,0.0000034824893,0.0000013371034,0.005501561],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994496,0.00010154592,0.00008762886,0.00006394851,0.00017932517,0.0001179129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996351,0.000022058988,0.000043776563,0.000056018645,0.0001734961,0.00006953949],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033782967,0.000047500485,0.00008792606,0.0000052095174,0.00016327767,0.000048828464,0.00010037762,0.000058636244,0.000046375033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006149653,0.00001955037,0.000039395938,0.00015322384,0.00038614738,0.00020799528,0.000024445397,0.00006345901,0.0000035923765],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011362306,0.000022253893,0.0027401694,0.000005102355,0.000058061883,0.0000022221125,0.16952829,0.00038538955,0.000022013473,0.6944489,0.116627626,0.01604635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001642832,0.000038849186,0.0019234004,0.0000097394895,0.000075427786,0.00000546372,0.8258934,0.0035711464,0.000021631398,0.0032802306,0.16335084,0.00018705273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002340632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003545487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69116867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021390546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022700084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3538351},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2297964423","doi":"10.1111/desc.12415","title":"Conceptual constraints and mechanisms in children's selective learning","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Developmental Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Social learning; Mechanism (biology); Cognitive science; Concept learning; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology","score_opus":0.009115142315412866,"score_gpt":0.24580758375150882,"score_spread":0.23669244143609597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2297964423","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42819107,0.00036812248,0.0008382958,0.32445097,0.0015871109,0.0028124813,0.00007039452,0.00050851615,0.24117304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92903566,0.000058150938,0.0009538335,0.0650334,0.0005886802,0.000026278905,0.000025306515,0.000011448648,0.0042672227],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99788547,0.00012745999,0.00015475955,0.00049327756,0.0007005468,0.0006385133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996518,0.00005228276,0.00009200459,0.000042491567,0.00007397818,0.000087444576],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007311634,0.00015755366,0.00015708826,0.00012805329,0.0008402594,0.000120470104,0.00034520082,0.00025663825,0.00034168665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023134152,0.00011963254,0.00002141935,0.000524533,0.0034131526,0.00046380606,0.000121741774,0.0005626283,0.0000756307],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026214568,0.0000577885,0.08129946,0.000024935554,0.00011524411,0.00052590005,0.27842107,0.0000011548799,0.019935874,0.11617028,0.25991058,0.24351148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023516812,0.00021375403,0.124548174,0.0007982072,0.000040089562,0.00034313576,0.087135635,0.000005737942,0.005399039,0.015630854,0.7598514,0.0036823042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007830331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025191373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5008446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00071912736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00090487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999299},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2319188279","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x12000015","title":"Can evolution provide perfectly optimal solutions for a universal model of reading?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Universality (dynamical systems); Blueprint; Reading (process); Computer science; Invariant (physics); Problem of universals; Linguistics; Mathematics; Philosophy; Physics","score_opus":0.07873946228874819,"score_gpt":0.3301191070465944,"score_spread":0.25137964475784624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2319188279","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33287445,0.0012003293,0.002035484,0.65723264,0.0008470188,0.001979033,0.0007466126,0.00018396138,0.0029004833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96226084,0.000039503993,0.0032123155,0.01731758,0.0022744348,0.00010292018,0.00014298876,0.00001987872,0.014629515],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981396,0.0001199199,0.00020155596,0.00035175955,0.00049741246,0.00068970677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937284,0.000089081914,0.00019180478,0.0000975098,0.00015542537,0.000093338684],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008866035,0.00017024836,0.00022881986,0.00012338425,0.0014451488,0.000093250484,0.00031870333,0.00039084372,0.000029683628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008310462,0.00013271482,0.00012883205,0.00028730754,0.0014516215,0.000542822,0.00007166142,0.0002597298,0.0000015348203],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036050405,0.00018560524,0.0016030665,0.00015590234,0.000025401938,0.00000845931,0.045390207,0.00020456035,0.00686088,0.035432138,0.9008412,0.009256564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023933994,0.0030052008,0.001968938,0.00080550415,0.0017953734,0.000049267008,0.09972689,0.020904943,0.00044770123,0.017679987,0.84697187,0.004250899],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0105303805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002273083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63991505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019004945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060918945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2322826485","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x10001913","title":"Does kinship terminology provide evidence for or against universal grammar?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Terminology; Kinship; Grammar; Cover (algebra); Linguistics; Computer science; Domain (mathematical analysis); Cognitive science; Psychology; Natural language processing; Communication; Sociology; Philosophy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.13534915281441826,"score_gpt":0.4089450181898087,"score_spread":0.2735958653753905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2322826485","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898681,0.000043695083,0.000019292638,0.008602509,0.00059738534,0.00033669174,0.0000070344863,0.00006442178,0.00046084097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931093,0.000032787426,0.0011319483,0.0003818747,0.00029669757,0.000026341228,0.0000023498503,0.0000027326269,0.005015974],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989327,0.000071276925,0.00011438248,0.00030590192,0.00023041142,0.0003452995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942,0.00025387717,0.00006539745,0.000077629375,0.00006854097,0.000114547045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007380801,0.000088670946,0.00010175159,0.000046433353,0.0011503304,0.00019122148,0.00032838216,0.00010844801,0.000085213935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005118681,0.00004234066,0.000042627056,0.0002404345,0.0015144214,0.0007722514,0.0000482575,0.00010250715,0.0000041280905],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017854894,0.0001857079,0.12277187,0.000037048867,0.0000058938876,0.000048459704,0.03212175,6.8652713e-7,0.10475496,0.04002737,0.0041582463,0.69570947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022623169,0.003038413,0.15520059,0.00028284104,0.00017634567,0.00004064343,0.16896662,0.00025644473,0.007635463,0.017250247,0.6428253,0.0020647864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002770786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036452748,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6936447,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020818303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024637446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98112947},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2345060527","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.010","title":"Statistical learning is constrained to less abstract patterns in complex sensory input (but not the least)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Statistical learning; Comprehension; Cognition; Cognitive science; Object (grammar); Abstraction; Stimulus (psychology); Perception; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","score_opus":0.07250546634743117,"score_gpt":0.3314775481636305,"score_spread":0.25897208181619935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2345060527","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.981928,0.000005462834,0.003130468,0.0049218875,0.00006464791,0.00020811502,0.00011440851,0.00004655644,0.009580462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975726,0.000014134065,0.00004103012,0.0010070695,0.00017045051,0.000012650715,0.000030486006,0.000004276063,0.0011473018],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999181,0.00014638288,0.00012352082,0.00013662605,0.00021226752,0.00020022015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957705,0.00019628534,0.000039713876,0.000046682664,0.000077936,0.00006236179],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026643014,0.000061052684,0.000071937844,0.00002495025,0.00024315779,0.000043394135,0.00007027558,0.000051604435,0.0015339197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032203508,0.000036513433,0.000022727172,0.00007602619,0.00014254458,0.00012103397,0.000016359301,0.00009703782,0.000379217],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019737412,0.00014191073,0.016006935,0.000037723712,0.00003458076,0.00009676578,0.053184412,0.000011578051,0.14249387,0.009786747,0.0068005435,0.7712076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014168887,0.000113222384,0.90585667,0.0002441776,0.00003817267,0.000009725555,0.06642853,0.000085182284,0.0061829635,0.0022756327,0.016890727,0.00045811877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000846826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003329083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8898497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000064521795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000038232825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2395234069","doi":"","title":"A Communal Exchange-based Framework for Cultural Evolution.","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Presentation (obstetrics); Key (lock); Computer science; Epistemology; Management science; Data science; Sociology; Cognitive science; Knowledge management; Psychology; Engineering; Philosophy","score_opus":0.04267540768979297,"score_gpt":0.2936534598605423,"score_spread":0.2509780521707493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2395234069","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64098436,0.011167786,0.061165854,0.030400444,0.00272508,0.004454419,0.009586643,0.0046546194,0.23486078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867264,0.00001012378,0.0072220005,0.0012472857,0.0009725704,0.00009571811,0.0008286708,0.000038772174,0.0028584711],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812007,0.00018312164,0.00027502453,0.00029829663,0.00054117944,0.00058233185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986967,0.00021934249,0.00012160212,0.000256767,0.00017768859,0.00052791974],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037721876,0.00021575435,0.00020891293,0.000072875366,0.0005996073,0.0013311695,0.0005499417,0.00027489217,0.00042771114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016096418,0.00017476924,0.0002157844,0.0005197708,0.00025669255,0.0040810117,0.000096215386,0.00033621577,0.0010557168],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014307498,0.0010740597,0.13936013,0.00025264395,0.00017394008,0.00004905234,0.00985891,0.00008533315,0.000101338555,0.58165425,0.23597191,0.029987715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009085904,0.00013023315,0.00097549724,0.00011497765,0.00002430836,0.000002162675,0.0040718443,0.00009702838,0.00014084678,0.1166317,0.87644136,0.0004614331],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006786759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000039793573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6404695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020226503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038399096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972206},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2428424671","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2015.0242","title":"The empirical case against the ‘demographic turn’ in Palaeolithic archaeology","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Canada Research Chairs; Simon Fraser University; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Australian Research Council; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Archaeology; Geography; Biology; Ecology; History; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.18002301940616733,"score_gpt":0.3885894457410744,"score_spread":0.20856642633490707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2428424671","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.001616957,0.9474779,0.00014843441,0.047425065,0.0006574596,0.0011289588,0.000064095344,0.000064110565,0.0014170526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1604884,0.8383476,0.00003620015,0.00037906735,0.00044537228,0.0001349997,0.0000016462029,0.0000074312225,0.00015928454],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99417275,0.002955398,0.000779246,0.0006017172,0.00067706,0.0008138027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953721,0.003582048,0.00038572034,0.00041850706,0.00008995727,0.00015164529],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039205933,0.0003577332,0.0007746224,0.000036708498,0.003959952,0.000077088946,0.0023101952,0.0008641345,0.000106768144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063486,0.000108163185,0.0019560186,0.0017781338,0.016980339,0.00008560703,0.00014452272,0.0013444134,0.000015599353],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019347015,0.0002774409,0.00054725556,0.0003046159,0.0002728623,0.00003547826,0.007140113,0.000049642458,0.0000010117291,0.037074383,0.00025138733,0.95402646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002646395,0.00023710277,0.00025270815,0.0016229651,0.0002803006,0.00011072307,0.0041163764,0.0001396843,6.622694e-7,0.09829823,0.8940227,0.0006538781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00075568084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009860173,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9533726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016925558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004172707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99733675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2460278899","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0158391","title":"D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":366,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Max-Planck-Institut für Menschheitsgeschichte; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Construct (python library); Cultural diversity; Politics; Geography; Sociology; Data science; Computer science; Anthropology; Political science","score_opus":0.035557848789786926,"score_gpt":0.2540654837611912,"score_spread":0.21850763497140427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2460278899","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965946,0.00041292197,0.0000056058666,0.00022626873,0.000016951635,0.00007029362,0.0001395545,0.000015875006,0.0025179158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99832916,0.0004986578,0.00015047584,0.000025355019,0.00008870266,8.807341e-7,0.000009447852,8.837097e-7,0.0008964147],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99952394,0.00003417057,0.00004801994,0.000086710505,0.00021405278,0.00009312851],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999827,0.000018756173,0.00003053925,0.000053098844,0.000015509442,0.00005506407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000696908,0.000035411504,0.0000611612,0.0000040981636,0.00020865306,0.0000064138826,0.000066585075,0.000026434936,0.00023710451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016807839,0.000022179405,0.000012984425,0.00003286424,0.000185649,0.00012844936,0.00010936451,0.000016651056,0.000023339937],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000240549,0.0028032702,0.60264516,0.00017398881,0.00043915288,0.000048159418,0.093648046,1.9910448e-7,0.26866433,0.017742783,0.0033891555,0.01020522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.016453492,0.0017665022,0.5925417,0.004517721,0.0039974907,0.000018485332,0.25139245,0.00020571325,0.08095752,0.013487624,0.030457614,0.004203709],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011922143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004561913,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18770681,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007145236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009398434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25961283},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2470728740","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2798257","title":"Appendix to Understanding Cumulative Cultural Evolution: A Reply to Vaesen, Collard, Et Al.","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Geography","score_opus":0.031249743557887705,"score_gpt":0.3329043091439981,"score_spread":0.30165456558611037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2470728740","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23222318,0.002201363,0.19984263,0.5360969,0.0012080742,0.0011903077,0.000019677087,0.00026672322,0.02695118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98141795,0.00058845285,0.00013819992,0.0047879373,0.00042398402,0.0000065700124,0.0000021087,0.000012723461,0.012622041],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99670726,0.00029975013,0.00023516057,0.00026584498,0.0006002275,0.0018917789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99924153,0.00006645905,0.000111937545,0.000121476085,0.00017169295,0.00028690675],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002196989,0.00014335712,0.0001580991,0.00009767138,0.00096765417,0.00013638624,0.0002811832,0.00006191043,0.00021515856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046346997,0.000089196525,0.00011364351,0.00055440795,0.00007352758,0.0006622738,0.0000504248,0.0004662589,0.00050807785],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010917256,0.000022997889,0.0004104416,9.4288515e-7,0.00007972775,0.0000065444265,0.015673138,0.000026026395,0.0024227656,0.93747413,0.04158495,0.002189156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009911305,0.0006818033,0.00042207402,0.00017766599,0.000042137533,0.00017201585,0.20979519,0.000006459019,0.00012212204,0.31604716,0.4709751,0.0005671424],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012986951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017928878,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7491948,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008346579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016438956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2472718079","doi":"10.3758/s13423-016-1102-x","title":"Key cognitive preconditions for the evolution of language","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Embodied cognition; Adaptation (eye); Reciprocal; Expression (computer science); Cognitive science; Cognition; Function (biology); Cognitive psychology; Set (abstract data type); Key (lock); Social complexity; Communication; Linguistics; Neuroscience; Sociology; Epistemology; Computer science; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.040172727288506384,"score_gpt":0.39208386655710137,"score_spread":0.35191113926859496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2472718079","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[2.1161459e-7,0.98129404,0.0003348185,0.0016159326,0.00055451813,0.0037564582,0.00046104423,0.000038340986,0.011944655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000074385034,0.99049133,0.000073180505,0.00021834357,0.00081161794,0.0010861456,0.00010716166,0.000026296362,0.007178514],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99804103,0.0004933602,0.0006659076,0.00034188273,0.0001605582,0.00029727482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976159,0.001071087,0.0007760035,0.00031698847,0.00014988912,0.00007016318],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00117907,0.00025102246,0.0010065228,0.00004476422,0.00034920304,0.00002504491,0.00048913603,0.00019048898,0.0045388397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006579651,0.00013451432,0.00089969643,0.00020014522,0.00026112297,0.000051921244,0.00003133566,0.00016301998,0.0012613743],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000022546005,0.00001906404,7.8944275e-8,0.01111457,0.00011310802,2.0753652e-7,0.00047642522,4.0076076e-9,1.0724967e-7,0.0031208326,0.07788601,0.90726733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000981947,0.000016078335,7.885202e-7,0.079613656,0.001112418,0.000004799312,0.00075606705,3.514047e-8,4.427547e-8,0.00009010248,0.91812927,0.0001785258],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044022923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001482767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9070888,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034041662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003318835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99951625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2476733367","doi":"10.1075/cilt.215.17mit","title":"Lexical forces shaping the evolution of grammar","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series 4, Current issues in linguistic theory","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grammar; Linguistics; Computer science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.06270549006485114,"score_gpt":0.3565844059930324,"score_spread":0.2938789159281813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2476733367","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0023049312,0.29378578,0.00008087971,0.00012904659,0.0100264605,0.0008380383,0.00003083208,0.000050440776,0.69275355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8800242,0.015426159,0.000072721894,0.000076741904,0.0024144342,0.000043896547,0.00000794483,0.00003264933,0.10190123],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.995772,0.0009518472,0.0010295337,0.000611293,0.0010542056,0.0005811174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950271,0.0028734503,0.000771749,0.00059190165,0.00065972155,0.00007603678],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013230789,0.00043619037,0.0008402306,0.00038557046,0.00083068473,0.000039517883,0.001457742,0.00019182639,0.00018511801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017305188,0.00028011407,0.00018008344,0.00031585371,0.02318077,0.00015022006,0.0003797032,0.00067120226,0.000005812828],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021414168,0.000038741236,0.000027189526,0.00019724954,0.000031095966,0.000015647776,0.26629138,0.0000038243943,0.0000051073143,0.73037606,0.00020219774,0.0025973502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001693284,0.00012702675,0.000032850166,0.0012746834,0.00014471638,0.000008535652,0.06334655,0.0000046316213,0.0000020899154,0.6944153,0.24019596,0.00027838594],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000714728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011402429,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8777193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013953395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00065296836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2478347879","doi":"10.1075/slcs.144.06dub","title":"Material culture and language","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in language companion series","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; History; Philosophy","score_opus":0.031190025176964904,"score_gpt":0.3273492503783567,"score_spread":0.2961592252013918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2478347879","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.047328457,0.067385055,0.0000010153996,0.0005146999,0.0018583327,0.0007763691,0.00012634588,0.0002819521,0.88172776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.10410994,0.011749369,0.00025762973,0.00022005492,0.0018421528,0.000043962846,0.000133409,0.000035629917,0.88160783],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99861073,0.00008246315,0.00029189006,0.00035698427,0.00032861068,0.00032931325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940157,0.000040487434,0.00015794253,0.00020422935,0.00011924446,0.00007650139],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002098546,0.00032527372,0.000524486,0.00008120685,0.00036568588,0.00010995376,0.00019802504,0.00030991295,0.0018401312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011456111,0.00025079562,0.000075782205,0.000054399043,0.00087184395,0.00035910343,0.00021915931,0.00027580748,0.00013576425],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004290839,0.000015462625,0.000035012537,0.00023481857,0.00017148776,0.00022871721,0.6837521,3.4370885e-7,0.00070460414,0.2756399,0.028560586,0.010614045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033301322,0.00007776127,0.00011505522,0.000533275,0.00006720655,0.000023510629,0.43404824,4.635147e-7,0.00013094944,0.00581638,0.55817246,0.0006817215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014370672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0070652845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5296118,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016948252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035121775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2479252007","doi":"10.5840/cpsem200815","title":"Theosemiotics","year":2008,"lang":"ceb","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Semiotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"History","score_opus":0.028178450124405872,"score_gpt":0.2715703794631078,"score_spread":0.24339192933870193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2479252007","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0021548644,0.0042625535,0.000048339887,0.0011369733,0.002363695,0.0005264161,0.000077791556,0.00019213273,0.98923725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.17881645,0.03733851,0.00032501467,0.0009631359,0.004050686,9.498912e-7,0.00013837076,0.000103088365,0.7782638],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99681526,0.00014356972,0.0006168642,0.0005991732,0.0010617437,0.0007633891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99804676,0.000270321,0.00045418576,0.0005796441,0.00029157006,0.00035749486],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046738857,0.00062740134,0.0007138956,0.0000851724,0.001101299,0.00009684822,0.0006687884,0.0013110853,0.0034427799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003000235,0.0005207627,0.0004961276,0.00013227205,0.0010222729,0.00019129772,0.000176088,0.0009341054,0.003622907],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000083353516,0.00013356356,0.00048812258,0.00025764623,0.000625851,0.0006804672,0.06951429,0.00008955288,0.00016036279,0.69220537,0.18907149,0.046689942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003211694,0.00019810347,0.00009418933,0.0003327083,0.00034779665,0.000045367393,0.001991921,0.00007996053,0.00009484153,0.003340642,0.99217767,0.00097563147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033908713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003447436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8031062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037769924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026529332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2496812853","doi":"10.5840/cpsem20089","title":"Forensic Senses in Ecosemiotics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Semiotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Art; Computer science","score_opus":0.026878549671928098,"score_gpt":0.27195993758892445,"score_spread":0.24508138791699635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2496812853","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016279612,0.0019082046,0.000009227478,0.0005743022,0.0006348296,0.0002539712,0.000024059058,0.00010173828,0.9948657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.032440998,0.009196337,0.0005273104,0.0005462788,0.0013834779,0.0000010203232,0.00007820543,0.000046912122,0.95577943],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986532,0.00003833907,0.00028819076,0.00025293973,0.00041327084,0.00035411192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993076,0.00010849285,0.00014441503,0.00021807203,0.00011401599,0.00010743733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018472192,0.00021758664,0.00030971528,0.000087752764,0.00022280747,0.000029464954,0.00019214596,0.0005798342,0.00035812097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018060276,0.00020258031,0.00013395077,0.00006035169,0.0002937399,0.000086933986,0.00004879548,0.00041121687,0.00031054826],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025205587,0.00006841907,0.0005186127,0.000105182175,0.0000968591,0.0010562716,0.04858934,0.00013348319,0.0000255711,0.53355557,0.3674704,0.04835509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018148786,0.000030572803,0.00012728422,0.00029138318,0.00004620027,0.000021402024,0.0012170564,0.000031006675,0.000022075143,0.015908645,0.98162097,0.0005019397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046593475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009951779,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6141505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039245267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023062668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82609856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2497146271","doi":"10.1075/slcs.144.17lef","title":"On the relevance of pidgins and creoles in the debate on the origins of language","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in language companion series","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Linguistics; History; Sociology; Philosophy; Political science","score_opus":0.04703887464948714,"score_gpt":0.32522342597769116,"score_spread":0.278184551328204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2497146271","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7276503,0.020428745,9.242611e-7,0.0048448467,0.00030002024,0.0009855112,0.000059253463,0.000029857423,0.24570058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9726709,0.004804803,0.000013334835,0.00045951013,0.00016099676,0.000041004827,0.000006236896,0.000013638043,0.021829559],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99855804,0.00027966697,0.00031551142,0.0002057106,0.00043688336,0.00020416918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99797446,0.0012993141,0.00026521084,0.00035556813,0.00008972305,0.000015739579],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074166694,0.00021926989,0.00038423596,0.00006266291,0.00026927024,0.00002676768,0.00042888478,0.000103863094,0.00019939274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061847764,0.000095170166,0.00007787804,0.00012381932,0.0013992205,0.000098907214,0.00010674292,0.00035511286,0.000015337782],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024309162,0.000016057476,0.000029503311,0.00004358601,0.000038918533,0.000011881692,0.25179937,0.000003247962,0.00008237903,0.74505997,0.0018551443,0.0010356221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031167915,0.00023864424,0.0016721168,0.0015782978,0.00005340593,0.00000488516,0.9162165,0.0000046121104,0.00037325613,0.02454394,0.054635465,0.00036718475],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002742788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015552587,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.720516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011551024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031939675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86787087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2511600840","doi":"10.3765/bls.v39i1.3884","title":"Measuring Linguistic Distance in Athapaskan","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cluster analysis; Field (mathematics); Point (geometry); Similarity (geometry); Linguistics; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Pure mathematics","score_opus":0.016473839197514203,"score_gpt":0.24837436433223675,"score_spread":0.23190052513472253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2511600840","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9168729,0.00043303956,0.0000033864137,0.000819222,0.0009751352,0.00056868716,0.000015137853,0.00004976065,0.08026271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968928,0.00004692651,0.0010726632,0.000083964485,0.000751073,0.000014203409,3.9621665e-7,0.0000151361055,0.0011228361],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998239,0.000040291805,0.0004551598,0.00021440694,0.0006632959,0.0003878709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970766,0.0001538661,0.0005657816,0.00015342752,0.0019882654,0.00006209991],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011699299,0.00014963065,0.00024265586,0.000017291663,0.00051772915,0.000055488093,0.0009932964,0.00012882733,0.000009873379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.017586308,0.00009480981,0.00030007705,0.00056209153,0.0005292941,0.000086842585,0.00028616624,0.00031251065,0.0000028461584],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003842403,0.00034982903,0.31576023,0.0009949161,0.00015379733,3.9677528e-7,0.50682235,0.00016498414,0.015821587,0.14260076,0.016141364,0.0011513788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002620262,0.00021491073,0.2190332,0.010082752,0.00068639463,0.0000050498033,0.4348334,0.0024570294,0.056362722,0.18196219,0.08930836,0.0024337063],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051644957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033763814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09672702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016210206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001002817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.990689},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2520108470","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x15000205","title":"Is cultural group selection enough?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Selection (genetic algorithm); Group selection; Group (periodic table); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Chemistry","score_opus":0.0693718951918226,"score_gpt":0.37095844977466824,"score_spread":0.30158655458284567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2520108470","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07230363,0.00052149774,0.000006806534,0.9192556,0.000662314,0.00026552228,0.000037008056,0.00013344974,0.006814135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.107668124,0.0005208261,0.00044257558,0.7462409,0.018253248,0.00007539257,0.00008662571,0.000025611516,0.12668668],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99778265,0.00019449124,0.00017736979,0.00052184466,0.0007486825,0.00057496765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995556,0.00006207162,0.00012923048,0.00007538059,0.00009528716,0.00008242068],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000529889,0.00020315751,0.00019279377,0.000075225544,0.0016510562,0.0004205743,0.00035370473,0.00049449876,0.00086585624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003723234,0.00011646476,0.00010293524,0.00038601944,0.0013140489,0.00082493736,0.000054554654,0.00035880014,0.0000774803],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015056844,0.000008753514,0.00068483065,0.0000060904836,0.0000028697314,0.000012284672,0.0051378845,6.488748e-9,0.00059608475,0.00048359358,0.9698133,0.023252817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000087783264,0.00012222925,0.0005172457,0.000047167276,0.000024301395,0.00001003222,0.0021833447,8.683761e-7,0.00004357618,0.0006125592,0.9960686,0.00028226682],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059819003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013458013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17301472,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000094379386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109281966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99964863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2520983251","doi":"10.1186/s12862-016-0745-6","title":"Using hybridization networks to retrace the evolution of Indo-European languages","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Reticulate evolution; Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetic network; Reticulate; Parallels; Biology; Historical linguistics; Vocabulary; Evolutionary biology; Computer science; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Gene; Genetics","score_opus":0.030409210850439367,"score_gpt":0.3211762267238728,"score_spread":0.29076701587343345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2520983251","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61582196,0.0030167815,0.36363804,0.0020133164,0.0006985413,0.00057866046,0.000037509562,0.0001554512,0.01403971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99688166,0.000048843158,0.0013048744,0.00009258432,0.00075277436,0.00000650214,0.000012747899,0.000008423403,0.00089158],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982167,0.0009146453,0.0002253441,0.00021340039,0.00014665199,0.0002832692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992578,0.00017780525,0.00013713381,0.0001897233,0.00017288263,0.00006464531],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071975257,0.0000917667,0.00011084013,0.00006173469,0.00041721496,0.000008266501,0.0002609015,0.00010059841,0.00012973235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005918454,0.000051428335,0.0000658069,0.00039517437,0.00032836126,0.00016768486,0.000076116616,0.000063644075,0.000049181912],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025572284,0.00016070524,0.33440608,0.000021759539,0.000078169156,0.0000067976093,0.0076083867,0.0037808653,0.14624904,0.46988833,0.011925644,0.025618507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012027276,0.00036759579,0.90970916,0.00024866528,0.00010928801,0.000042320007,0.021859452,0.0027075333,0.0005739365,0.00802305,0.054333564,0.0008227391],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021448643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010377573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5753031,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037907663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014843508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32424074},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2525924582","doi":"","title":"Il rimpatrio della \"Potlatch Collection\" dei Kwakwaka'waku (Canada)","year":2007,"lang":"it","type":"article","venue":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Art","score_opus":0.015472390861394538,"score_gpt":0.2637970630907778,"score_spread":0.24832467222938323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2525924582","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7797017,0.0027967044,0.00047255642,0.009142893,0.008252388,0.0009866608,0.000086097534,0.0002902159,0.19827077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91121197,0.00031844055,0.00019884294,0.00142644,0.0030583255,0.000011692657,0.000035866917,0.000041693896,0.08369673],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9952855,0.0003273209,0.00076271757,0.00069754577,0.0015354654,0.0013914492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978844,0.00031458633,0.00037426848,0.00043731518,0.00037836842,0.00061106036],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014258419,0.00044942723,0.00049705006,0.0001260372,0.0019172031,0.00023314077,0.0005850463,0.00059064577,0.0029736653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004490628,0.00042038824,0.00028873474,0.0019047781,0.00028167156,0.000499961,0.00011832402,0.0006161993,0.0005787861],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00079089234,0.000769813,0.015169425,0.00018265547,0.00070459326,0.0010203038,0.11439176,0.00045903356,0.0030369093,0.015743483,0.7845924,0.06313874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011934668,0.00021177744,0.01581847,0.00010029816,0.00020452234,0.000033468055,0.030200578,0.00024409808,0.0011800645,0.0009586066,0.94891274,0.0009419275],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6774797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8929644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21548477,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001982045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021211267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2530290791","doi":"10.1038/srep34615","title":"On The Evolutionary Origin of Symbolic Communication","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Government of Ontario; Compute Canada","keywords":"Symbolic communication; Homo sapiens; Robot; Computer science; Selection (genetic algorithm); The Symbolic; Channel (broadcasting); Cognition; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Theoretical computer science; Biology; Psychology; Geography","score_opus":0.024042023594374743,"score_gpt":0.2955878598094654,"score_spread":0.27154583621509065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2530290791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9435606,0.00026547007,0.000032570315,0.005222284,0.0014723154,0.00020124862,0.0000014452529,0.000043221287,0.049200855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9791918,0.000019530933,0.000035805133,0.000034981294,0.000043556916,0.00001020421,0.000003932827,0.0000021308656,0.020658072],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989172,0.0001641739,0.00017718843,0.00016403662,0.00044404974,0.00013335871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989943,0.00010451395,0.00016475191,0.00053435675,0.00016581481,0.000036291476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001543342,0.000040357427,0.000054289183,0.0000327874,0.00072783075,0.00004070053,0.00018313594,0.000034922883,0.00067693996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006070244,0.000018585326,0.000048185695,0.00030116123,0.0006712958,0.00016808082,0.000029386463,0.00003450593,0.000070101065],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009359733,0.00010305003,0.004255456,0.000004782997,0.000015828486,0.000012780633,0.013909581,0.000004591986,0.049373504,0.63722295,0.28421777,0.010870321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011396197,0.000026191245,0.012705228,0.00017969825,0.000016924108,0.000015773214,0.004507501,0.000008143176,0.0071549183,0.44621852,0.52887124,0.00018188528],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045683587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023214114,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24465348,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007724103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013317633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74120176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2533207883","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1613074113","title":"Reply to Henrich et al.: The Tasmanian effect and other red herrings","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Canada Research Chairs; Simon Fraser University; Australian Research Council; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, Australian Government; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Genetics; Biology","score_opus":0.028627922137790914,"score_gpt":0.32732888409707384,"score_spread":0.2987009619592829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2533207883","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.024471844,0.00014405015,1.3064337e-7,0.93953484,0.00004857366,0.00041716677,0.000017208726,0.000018189558,0.035348013],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.16488816,0.000045615903,0.000112518814,0.8298127,0.00094226527,0.000031406405,1.5054036e-7,0.0000079567635,0.004159225],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99734616,0.000055917815,0.00024285074,0.0003386,0.0017608434,0.00025562246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899065,0.00030658377,0.0004340023,0.000013620429,0.00021931878,0.00003580526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038218787,0.00013660482,0.00018355467,0.00009507232,0.0006050871,0.000090529385,0.0011667026,0.00018864434,0.000035663303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011492837,0.000059620495,0.000090624635,0.00058030646,0.0012326966,0.00037285208,0.00017219005,0.00042134157,0.0000053307717],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006850478,0.0000029942357,0.0006181654,0.000028223967,0.0000134873835,1.7443885e-8,0.002643408,3.4002178e-7,0.006873997,0.008715416,0.9806206,0.00047649108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007480965,0.000040598432,0.0019242781,0.00019639902,0.000015506994,0.0000037736636,0.00034729487,0.0000021565536,0.0022362114,0.008978085,0.98606944,0.00011145193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034702115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000024726414,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14041631,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006760216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004725263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4653902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2538734244","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x15000709","title":"Pro and con: Internal speech and the evolution of complex language","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Language evolution; Platonism; Linguistics; Bottleneck; Developmental linguistics; Computer science; Language acquisition; Second-language acquisition; Cognitive science; Psychology; Comprehension approach; Natural language; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.051447648867640916,"score_gpt":0.3498346227119603,"score_spread":0.2983869738443194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2538734244","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5567104,0.0024786151,0.00001178267,0.4362771,0.00018511617,0.00040128542,0.000044427325,0.000025963305,0.003865324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9592521,0.00018370144,0.00014699256,0.029089268,0.0016231481,0.000016460304,0.00001003885,0.000006301647,0.009671976],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866116,0.00023435582,0.00016442202,0.000275823,0.0004228811,0.00024135083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999526,0.00015353425,0.00014962703,0.00007440939,0.00005415666,0.000042252977],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009469677,0.00012037234,0.00020488736,0.00004967279,0.00053125696,0.00015077488,0.00023043824,0.00017265452,0.000102226986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006822631,0.00005673316,0.00004006556,0.00013421383,0.004769667,0.00023774493,0.00010137429,0.0001921306,0.0000018892829],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010024511,0.00004756926,0.018038124,0.00015293642,0.000032689433,0.00012009595,0.08423968,3.671353e-8,0.0068066036,0.018510103,0.58902025,0.28293166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033057667,0.00072626723,0.032511067,0.00074283336,0.00028129527,0.0002248196,0.10305358,0.000048371192,0.00023117817,0.01270896,0.84497035,0.0011955004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014907843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019677314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40718782,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003480022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007794795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99793875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2553578282","doi":"10.1075/la.235.01sci","title":"The biolinguistics program","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Linguistik aktuell","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Intersection (aeronautics); Relation (database); Object (grammar); Cognitive science; Computer science; Human language; Epistemology; Linguistics; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Philosophy; Engineering","score_opus":0.01979655571748682,"score_gpt":0.31146255704778664,"score_spread":0.2916660013302998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2553578282","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004175333,0.00484308,0.000010254064,0.00047121302,0.0028642807,0.0005043925,0.000033409633,0.000326959,0.99094224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004601103,0.0032513656,0.00019442405,0.00012598062,0.011949169,0.000020605436,0.000023719758,0.00004238466,0.9797912],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837315,0.00004424938,0.0003006579,0.00031681886,0.00050089584,0.00046420182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99845034,0.00022516372,0.00024976284,0.00036397955,0.0005539339,0.00015683802],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043782158,0.00025439315,0.00021157354,0.000028174503,0.0013033454,0.00018813551,0.0005174817,0.00042868263,0.0005696675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017941466,0.000142755,0.00020034496,0.000029590667,0.00070576655,0.000019039542,0.000075873075,0.00030799556,0.0015174703],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000074232985,0.000007288116,0.0000036650313,0.0000077827735,0.000028336672,0.000027175212,0.0008761178,3.5657788e-8,0.0000016480844,0.89021474,0.009810474,0.09901531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006954289,0.000032475225,0.0000021844264,0.000105179235,0.00004364823,9.2678624e-7,0.0001027961,0.0000011154384,0.0000029913967,0.12348327,0.87591755,0.00023831442],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002952737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016485113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8661071,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018224938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002540091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2569101588","doi":"10.1111/geb.12563","title":"Process‐based modelling shows how climate and demography shape language diversity","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Evolutionary Synthesis Center; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Macroecology; Species richness; Diversity (politics); Population; Distribution (mathematics); Ecology; Geography; Process (computing); Computer science; Demography; Sociology; Mathematics; Biology","score_opus":0.015441086079456299,"score_gpt":0.27211555034303586,"score_spread":0.25667446426357954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2569101588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99343395,0.000980698,0.00002501922,0.0017445302,0.00012248576,0.0001582864,0.000096493735,0.00006577883,0.0033727312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99888384,0.00044457876,0.00019089117,0.00037920114,0.00007038771,0.000005197047,0.000012715555,0.0000019503022,0.000011225289],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999131,0.0000648929,0.00006516314,0.000262304,0.00012669542,0.00034992056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995747,0.00001774884,0.00009912514,0.00011953356,0.000060165716,0.00012870111],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000265079,0.000109187735,0.00013722676,0.000047741116,0.0037249837,0.00015795675,0.0002160632,0.00018948354,0.000036901114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003306912,0.00009019782,0.00008169347,0.00013996902,0.0008071853,0.00032661,0.000153171,0.00007689338,0.000002113852],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003206339,0.000027110998,0.9933101,0.000016849679,0.000026735619,0.000015061427,0.0012844307,0.0000030868764,0.000013708215,0.0019537169,0.00008353661,0.0032336302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006985262,0.00010650958,0.98530895,0.00001924525,0.00011232389,0.0000039023184,0.007851789,0.00097455183,0.000017396695,0.003642958,0.00096737844,0.00029648075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017493351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00940956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008001131,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011222879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019698142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997572},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2578691053","doi":"10.4000/books.aaccademia.1775","title":"Written word production and lexical self-organisation: evidence from English (pseudo)compounds","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Accademia University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Lexical functional grammar; Lexical item; Connectionism; Lexical access; Natural language processing; Lexical choice; Artificial intelligence; Lexical decision task; Latency (audio); Linguistics; Psychology; Cognition; Artificial neural network","score_opus":0.029989650681280358,"score_gpt":0.2395591051788219,"score_spread":0.20956945449754155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2578691053","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008856612,0.00064955314,0.000023691955,0.00078202755,0.0006195706,0.00048962416,0.00003658081,0.0004397458,0.9881026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06548072,0.0017871065,0.00020476525,0.00006997064,0.002716457,0.0000010596975,0.000013575043,0.00002126664,0.9297051],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984642,0.00012519654,0.00016058012,0.0005566754,0.0004431309,0.0002501801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900544,0.00015876643,0.00020287982,0.00024248449,0.00022016367,0.0001702597],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022495571,0.00023003638,0.00024318692,0.000057915142,0.00064785633,0.0000827172,0.0004004469,0.0007877695,0.00014310969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013960655,0.00021142812,0.00008567821,0.000012753583,0.00038133928,0.0006512079,0.00021810867,0.00050612923,0.000020286525],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029385852,0.000027045104,0.00045110015,0.000093875,0.00047352677,0.00010179488,0.14005001,5.6195734e-7,0.0014697545,0.78880405,0.041805975,0.026428465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002145185,0.000021887476,0.00020663148,0.00047675933,0.0002623337,0.0000017443683,0.0018516765,0.0000011932422,0.0002014393,0.002829657,0.99350154,0.0004306242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013582498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045782517,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95169556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004601512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016897776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86217886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2600908435","doi":"","title":"A model of population dynamics applied to phonetic change","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Coarticulation; Vowel; Sound change; Population; Linguistics; Pronunciation; Computer science; Sociology; Philosophy; Demography","score_opus":0.024851096027148807,"score_gpt":0.2353669003479644,"score_spread":0.2105158043208156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2600908435","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.952193,0.000043721288,0.00026207397,0.0013364641,0.000055860557,0.0007347237,0.00043730804,0.0001993323,0.044737503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99634814,0.000006277378,0.0008758199,0.00061808125,0.00013858541,0.000082698,0.0004955845,0.000022400342,0.0014124198],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887085,0.000034062694,0.00023731876,0.00021131674,0.00034172361,0.00030470476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945444,0.000026095171,0.00008473239,0.00016167683,0.00004293016,0.0002301512],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008545169,0.00012620675,0.0001547839,0.000079936006,0.00015089501,0.0004041909,0.0002643446,0.00011889628,0.00043420072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009793114,0.00010923784,0.000072460636,0.00041973934,0.000054024305,0.0028644968,0.00008939247,0.00011604861,0.0013905992],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002584717,0.0008781463,0.23742257,0.0002558974,0.00010756265,0.0000069089615,0.018308407,0.00085659284,0.005244753,0.29585296,0.011323464,0.42948425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003181415,0.000515661,0.28536662,0.00061441475,0.00016518381,0.0000052220184,0.016067037,0.06483631,0.0031252203,0.5553142,0.06599556,0.0048131514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048152762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001282583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4246711,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000067451474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003256982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993869},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605322631","doi":"10.5539/elt.v10n5p11","title":"On the Optimization of Sentence Imitation in Primary School English Teaching from the Perspective of Strong Memes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Imitation; Sentence; Memetics; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Linguistics; Mathematics education; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","score_opus":0.01314693072721941,"score_gpt":0.2892368109057798,"score_spread":0.2760898801785604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2605322631","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9049179,0.0002838732,0.0005913541,0.00060474215,0.00027714574,0.0002975084,0.0000165382,0.0000450348,0.09296589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982065,0.0000149157495,0.00090482854,0.00009157814,0.00060130365,0.000009944488,0.000017680979,0.000009112192,0.00014412269],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812907,0.0008606946,0.00022093965,0.00019676388,0.00041119417,0.00018132772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99830276,0.00078221114,0.00034823365,0.00038979625,0.00014411111,0.000032917178],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020291493,0.0001046997,0.00015622792,0.00003698731,0.0009737751,0.00014261356,0.0005780308,0.00007275103,0.00008916736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01940535,0.00006390502,0.00007438012,0.00005883404,0.00018635584,0.0007273708,0.00007876026,0.0005735782,0.0000010964199],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024978277,0.000050639104,0.0032819547,0.0000044018775,0.00002245721,0.0000017785378,0.9303315,0.0020462563,0.00048368907,0.06063688,0.00012641144,0.0029890079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029486383,0.000028941,0.0066138464,0.00019980167,0.00002340832,6.912021e-8,0.9911251,0.0006787675,0.00019281388,0.0006883805,0.00004703315,0.000106986845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030771093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031157846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0932886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023354874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007206669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9888546},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2607188209","doi":"10.1017/s0305000917000046","title":"Introduction: special section on interfaces between cognition and language development","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Child Language","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Section (typography); Psychology; Cognition; Language development; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Special section; Developmental psychology; Neuroscience; Computer science; Engineering physics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.011963852252413549,"score_gpt":0.29268737203969847,"score_spread":0.28072351978728494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2607188209","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96078825,0.00033945762,0.000032413605,0.005111644,0.0013296647,0.000081669365,0.0000026652585,0.000015104427,0.032299135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9572773,0.00005559309,0.00010427421,0.0001108057,0.04131631,7.3889413e-7,0.000005120248,0.0000052144114,0.0011246583],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991731,0.00007624425,0.00020606729,0.0001026009,0.00030859248,0.00013340499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999351,0.000022713955,0.00036322384,0.000098523094,0.000083395505,0.00008111942],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051334215,0.000080099075,0.00014186077,0.00006736913,0.0008715251,0.00019791147,0.00015639483,0.000073796255,0.00044165138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003137329,0.000060649454,0.000043004304,0.000040168765,0.00010617008,0.0005021016,0.000026738151,0.00022840977,0.000020408019],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032496246,0.00018205309,0.003593452,0.000045273056,0.0002820749,0.00018021709,0.38813904,0.0000043364084,0.006886103,0.0017570738,0.046379082,0.5522263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023930783,0.0005205308,0.22611769,0.00047101176,0.00020788237,0.00017576214,0.12736896,0.000001008969,0.06547317,0.00022993927,0.5764753,0.00056566944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013459413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006578694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55166066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008319908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004094802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67031544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2609390597","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190455675.003.0002","title":"The Creative Process of Cultural Evolution","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Creativity; Process (computing); Context (archaeology); Epistemology; Sociology; Cognitive science; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science; Geography","score_opus":0.016838743106465357,"score_gpt":0.25909333116877936,"score_spread":0.242254588062314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2609390597","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00078655535,0.0002215451,0.00004013499,0.000024740682,0.00022527027,0.00035700982,0.00004015703,0.00005940032,0.9982452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0068065436,0.00026631408,0.000015985499,0.0000065865593,0.0003243024,0.0000011036892,0.000022230177,0.00000739503,0.99254954],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988913,0.00015855282,0.00011779108,0.00020048748,0.00039332683,0.0002385388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988327,0.00005990915,0.00028591577,0.0001729444,0.0005783175,0.000070232316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001902374,0.00014470406,0.00017233925,0.000030888103,0.0011392332,0.000041536547,0.00053385476,0.00028514105,0.00002902649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000581641,0.00010315484,0.00013295811,0.000027295595,0.0011400026,0.00018891736,0.0000894236,0.00019057546,0.0000012544144],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020078008,0.000017056436,0.000008474328,0.000083473664,0.00017875322,0.000009601075,0.05468105,0.0000025476654,0.00001527036,0.86079407,0.08023117,0.0037777696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014951515,0.000043871623,0.00001738113,0.00010213598,0.00010108338,4.814398e-7,0.018227456,0.0000043326,0.000046354508,0.0016011848,0.97956103,0.00014517638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011198561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015327035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89932984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051945954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00050262845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8762176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2615490092","doi":"10.11647/obp.0111.05","title":"5. New Electronic Resources for Texts in Manding Languages","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"World oral literature series","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of Ghana; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen; Universiteit Leiden","keywords":"Habilitation; Linguistics; Grammar; Noun; Phonology; Ergative case; Computer science; History; Natural language processing; Art; Mathematics; Philosophy; Humanities","score_opus":0.01036053188646373,"score_gpt":0.2888175454228231,"score_spread":0.2784570135363594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2615490092","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00017629884,0.03963242,0.0000073814385,0.0029255059,0.00039807192,0.0005972533,0.00007687517,0.00012988606,0.9560563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011182899,0.0005553455,0.0004596377,0.00015306268,0.0020890892,0.0000148919635,0.00017345019,0.000032193493,0.9853394],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874574,0.000030919633,0.00019362905,0.00033153157,0.00023638226,0.00046177313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993776,0.000035395115,0.00018588861,0.00024005651,0.000070350936,0.00009069367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023326202,0.00026803516,0.0003319739,0.00017351094,0.0005393154,0.00058956206,0.0003554848,0.00031783187,0.0004904099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007263381,0.00021575585,0.00016017085,0.000060288556,0.000120801575,0.0005767093,0.00004583964,0.00044452908,0.000022547803],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001323012,0.000003934928,0.00004626274,0.000060941784,0.00003239251,0.0000444245,0.022498079,3.112714e-7,0.000041511234,0.9267262,0.032750342,0.0176633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019059613,0.000040932584,0.0000880777,0.0006050125,0.000026451235,0.000002680411,0.00041262046,1.4989931e-7,0.000015938671,0.057357028,0.94097966,0.00028082656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00051216903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.121047564,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90822935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018287482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014808678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89499104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2619364271","doi":"10.1017/9781316339732.007","title":"Opening Commentary: Polytropos and Communication in the Wild","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Communication; Psychology","score_opus":0.0289907576865746,"score_gpt":0.25158777979085795,"score_spread":0.22259702210428334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2619364271","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007114314,0.00048616074,0.0000058413675,0.001114088,0.000042488668,0.00035002956,0.00002762298,0.000022372733,0.99723995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.054700576,0.0006953935,0.00002711182,0.0004392222,0.00008808145,6.266266e-7,0.000045561836,0.0000072600137,0.9439962],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993125,0.00014601643,0.00007223912,0.00015466752,0.00017603183,0.0001385054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993381,0.00005796132,0.00013916347,0.00037975522,0.000039061957,0.00004597548],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026695282,0.00011256017,0.00013457309,0.00003639638,0.0011581868,0.0001243916,0.0007291475,0.00015729161,0.000003840867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012358209,0.00009769482,0.000047601545,0.0000029342968,0.00049057923,0.00018796186,0.00023220389,0.0003103002,0.000002403134],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018637824,0.0000036023353,0.000022130336,0.000007666155,0.000019242058,0.000036951657,0.0060864296,7.532122e-8,0.0000038012108,0.95214295,0.03876194,0.0028965941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002388061,0.00001124371,0.00013009494,0.000114131675,0.000055190543,0.0000020853106,0.0038122316,0.0000047027206,0.0000027034434,0.000040505198,0.9954505,0.00013783138],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022463014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002078931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9566885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013713416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036576625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98404646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2626454308","doi":"10.1111/cogs.12485","title":"Sensitivity to Shared Information in Social Learning","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; John Templeton Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Copying; Social learning; Dependency (UML); Computer science; Adaptive learning; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology; Knowledge management","score_opus":0.03363164636301905,"score_gpt":0.3628327666217532,"score_spread":0.32920112025873416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2626454308","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8952765,0.0000024554759,0.0004046927,0.0011289687,0.00011950998,0.0001534834,0.000003908314,0.00002770538,0.102882795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99925727,0.0000016392609,0.000039153303,0.00024027078,0.000116937976,0.0000059905205,0.0000024209314,9.07037e-7,0.00033543532],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991565,0.000073553376,0.00006712453,0.00011664159,0.0003415473,0.00024465707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994837,0.000032720265,0.0000686143,0.000044932975,0.00029963691,0.000070368864],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013295776,0.00004018701,0.000053058844,0.00006992956,0.0035057007,0.00048292612,0.00017507981,0.000029915273,0.000046025812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0052252407,0.00003720302,0.000016092235,0.00027823853,0.0005842269,0.0030598075,0.000096481366,0.00009035408,0.00022379316],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005015562,0.000036746762,0.053428166,0.0000074757027,0.0000030562596,0.000021149937,0.4201782,0.000019231922,0.0095388945,0.01234083,0.00044503267,0.50393105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019027856,0.000017547978,0.9585944,0.00003656939,0.0000022924357,4.9641625e-7,0.03721069,0.00017626109,0.0006975455,0.00030597398,0.0026443538,0.0001235801],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023266713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002807475,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90516627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011198287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016449988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2724625868","doi":"","title":"Speech imitation: the cognitive underpinnings of adaptive vocal behaviour","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Imitation; Psychology; Variety (cybernetics); Spoken language; Psycholinguistics; Cognition; Comprehension; Cognitive psychology; Mirror neuron; Neurolinguistics; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Computer science; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.025573108205080654,"score_gpt":0.2712054464058845,"score_spread":0.24563233820080385,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2724625868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6866829,0.002293958,0.03366436,0.027133701,0.00048562177,0.0017654177,0.00011468827,0.00026096715,0.24759838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823869,0.00032383876,0.0044367374,0.00011933263,0.000062135725,0.000084798994,0.00018181086,0.000018726176,0.012385714],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99296665,0.0052814777,0.00038954106,0.00043299558,0.0006330528,0.00029629804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99337804,0.001403122,0.0005917945,0.00063115306,0.003876784,0.00011911735],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003882285,0.00021179627,0.0002608724,0.00007138589,0.000701354,0.00025658228,0.0009017214,0.00030975475,0.00046154228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019614408,0.00016940053,0.0002058077,0.00035372115,0.0008852806,0.00021102307,0.0005560914,0.00056842284,0.00006829046],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031289634,0.00059523573,0.0028101807,0.000081643484,0.00021495907,0.000007031879,0.43419427,0.000019181105,0.00065919856,0.4528166,0.004773629,0.10379679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004818238,0.000011690268,0.20630129,0.018389925,0.0019105003,0.000041983993,0.42141113,0.012338345,0.08926085,0.2103309,0.03023639,0.0049487706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030424787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013930362,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.295704,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015171005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004515237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9760317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2735063077","doi":"10.1017/9781316716694.005","title":"A Feeling for the Phenotype","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Feeling; Phenotype; Psychology; Social psychology; Biology; Genetics; Gene","score_opus":0.0419043642213337,"score_gpt":0.25411664104230397,"score_spread":0.21221227682097027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2735063077","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018868493,0.00048322204,0.00025561574,0.00013593989,0.00039241216,0.000536844,0.00008493417,0.00007066668,0.9980215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0024872106,0.0002111468,0.000034297358,0.000057074674,0.00071576826,0.0000011634344,0.000016662298,0.000013934546,0.99646276],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928904,0.00002220546,0.000067620116,0.00021625512,0.00019554318,0.00020932051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914783,0.00010161888,0.00016941392,0.00032741495,0.00018069812,0.00007304637],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017131011,0.00013868658,0.0001502274,0.00002324311,0.0020550299,0.00010413913,0.00063583243,0.00024087881,0.000008586099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050942803,0.00011172114,0.00018882532,0.0000017511599,0.0003636893,0.00009365969,0.000113327806,0.00018734975,0.000012174968],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033483935,0.0000014411049,1.6846329e-7,0.000013279163,0.000060438302,0.000012227973,0.0010314202,6.9029096e-7,0.000009684726,0.9523367,0.039202552,0.007297906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001768959,0.000011633507,0.000004933752,0.000050270988,0.00019172656,4.482049e-7,0.0006240935,0.000017821068,0.000008676733,0.00005380543,0.9986916,0.0001680622],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025779016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030756978,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9594891,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001517004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014698188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99924415},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2743483542","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.002","title":"Parallel Trajectories of Genetic and Linguistic Admixture in a Genetically Admixed Creole Population","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Biology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Biology; Creole language; Population; Evolutionary biology; Linguistics; Demography; Sociology","score_opus":0.03362968277452535,"score_gpt":0.36038452575501945,"score_spread":0.3267548429804941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2743483542","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948063,0.0038732172,0.00010499915,0.00016590765,0.00043648735,0.00012199449,0.000007619284,0.000010218554,0.00047326728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988798,0.0005023304,0.00031808447,0.0000075641483,0.00023770425,0.000006679884,0.00001620811,0.0000020467025,0.000029579705],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994576,0.000090647416,0.00013185886,0.00012747149,0.000051409846,0.00014100457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996844,0.000026001422,0.00009285411,0.000103615756,0.00004904911,0.000044102944],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010854716,0.00005386056,0.00011412232,0.000022571383,0.00018339207,0.000018250814,0.000120681914,0.00008699262,0.00003674916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00071081717,0.000042579304,0.00001902813,0.000029725605,0.0002285743,0.000033129265,0.000029162766,0.000062023624,0.0000022054087],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033414166,0.00005150534,0.88125134,0.000030546296,0.0000070527353,0.0000020120913,0.006854628,0.0000032131297,0.0009949114,0.032253705,0.000045867946,0.07847183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022586143,0.000045327186,0.9866525,0.000021425905,0.000009587835,3.84229e-7,0.00016948313,0.000045337572,0.000018318935,0.008861085,0.0038765504,0.00007413795],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025035546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005218479,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10540119,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017240116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036954614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37846422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765498504","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2016.0427","title":"Cognitive innovations and the evolutionary biology of expertise","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Multicellular organism; Biology; Exaptation; Social learning; Cognition; Cognitive science; Evolutionary biology; Biological evolution; Process (computing); Neuroscience; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Computer science; Genetics; Knowledge management; Gene","score_opus":0.2100435529889816,"score_gpt":0.4166829391068522,"score_spread":0.2066393861178706,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765498504","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00017063586,0.98911417,0.0006949044,0.0055944393,0.00025517613,0.0008015517,0.00014940288,0.00002492645,0.0031948062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.22038667,0.77903134,0.00011503096,0.000069277055,0.00019167294,0.00007906241,0.000006640869,0.000003359947,0.000116923],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976806,0.0008851734,0.000505708,0.00034338955,0.00031610276,0.00026901736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978778,0.0011267224,0.00055830664,0.00020321735,0.00017376876,0.000060234102],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013602027,0.00019891532,0.0007736291,0.000024889301,0.0029053327,0.00003622359,0.0010353954,0.00049019395,0.000122345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000861579,0.000079020094,0.0009645825,0.0005668027,0.019466786,0.00009422925,0.00008900675,0.000441748,0.0000025134107],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031738775,0.0002221784,0.00010427362,0.00042495658,0.00035878952,2.3731229e-7,0.0034370988,0.0000054119646,0.0000028507213,0.22853857,0.00008624273,0.76678765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022177459,0.0008177314,0.0007461704,0.0075916112,0.0027839232,0.000019269974,0.008584858,0.00053491973,0.000012371079,0.40220374,0.57296026,0.001527412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009981004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002131952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7652602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055784665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028982607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99839276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765824529","doi":"10.1093/applin/amx031","title":"Tracking Microgenetic Changes in Authorial Voice Development from a Complexity Theory Perspective","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Linguistics; Tracking (education); Computer science; Pedagogy; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.06448814128428905,"score_gpt":0.3474035668970316,"score_spread":0.2829154256127426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2765824529","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6759379,0.0007193378,0.00052281795,0.00071410986,0.003148422,0.00077654136,0.00004002796,0.00016013735,0.31798074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99332315,0.000018728259,0.0033853482,0.00007872091,0.0029341085,0.00001545046,0.000012402029,0.000008118208,0.00022394831],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991243,0.00006807578,0.00012347502,0.00022620005,0.00020485047,0.0002531278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993916,0.0001010674,0.0001216705,0.00017972449,0.0001422963,0.00006363817],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048054947,0.00009847798,0.00013535234,0.000023990266,0.0010365113,0.00015081279,0.00032103376,0.00011635049,0.00007644924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002019425,0.00009271749,0.000021490372,0.000045873614,0.00027522517,0.00001364698,0.00007113615,0.00015065502,0.000052396634],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055036406,0.00005525349,0.00092641276,0.000004566135,0.000025489036,0.000013259703,0.13347223,0.0000016983532,0.0012976747,0.85482574,0.000081270235,0.009241371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016787343,0.00003165268,0.10320752,0.00011211656,0.00010379571,4.443008e-7,0.12512659,0.000037335874,0.01059494,0.48270795,0.27544788,0.00095105596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007381278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.048728798,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3721178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021288446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013841342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99922866},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766176631","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01894","title":"A Joint Prosodic Origin of Language and Music","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Prosody; Phrase; Linguistics; Psychology; Expression (computer science); Communication; Computer science","score_opus":0.03349769857253865,"score_gpt":0.3532740637735535,"score_spread":0.3197763652010149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766176631","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9472952,0.0016169844,0.00045414778,0.0012676589,0.0012296751,0.00015521921,0.000002387966,0.000014978132,0.047963765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996792,0.0001943653,0.0020548217,0.00015814332,0.000109049186,0.000007398632,0.0000011639991,0.000002750596,0.00068027765],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994904,0.00006448493,0.00009570586,0.00013077013,0.00007215646,0.00014647364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996807,0.000003814124,0.000087563014,0.00018014834,0.000015234219,0.00003251679],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025927456,0.0000419347,0.000116307274,0.00004460218,0.00016344916,0.000017284896,0.00015745107,0.00008317863,0.00007120105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011936519,0.000035064302,0.000019908171,0.000046553545,0.00041624357,0.00011746191,0.000020664009,0.00007140159,0.0000042334023],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007734751,0.000120407654,0.3143851,0.00003204515,0.000028944107,0.00006727203,0.15093812,1.5635783e-7,0.0047129393,0.007914963,0.087881014,0.4338417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029157433,0.0002125249,0.7787985,0.00010766712,0.000033507855,0.000011682832,0.0751728,0.000041963205,0.00037330078,0.051762246,0.09013903,0.00043104144],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016189438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013225842,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4644134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018209948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019689516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24473694},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766220276","doi":"10.1101/209007","title":"The Cultural Brain Hypothesis: How culture drives brain expansion, underlies sociality, and alters life history","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Sociality; Sociocultural evolution; Brain size; Social learning; Social evolution; Cultural learning; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Sociology; Anthropology","score_opus":0.03663449417892044,"score_gpt":0.26146465700761945,"score_spread":0.224830162828699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766220276","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8292573,0.051601794,0.000088811146,0.11074151,0.004928816,0.0018162812,0.00014754916,0.0009441191,0.00047380844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99049133,0.0034432544,0.0003489798,0.0021470222,0.0020278199,0.00014284065,5.973396e-7,0.000059323545,0.0013388582],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99655694,0.00079417625,0.00033804768,0.00084568164,0.0007326109,0.0007325689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997174,0.00028470752,0.00069501175,0.00087685784,0.00054586626,0.00042352572],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014059477,0.00052459736,0.00050645194,0.000064312466,0.0030803888,0.001378308,0.0011077343,0.000780668,0.00002973192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003974057,0.00037880903,0.0002448833,0.00012436173,0.001849529,0.0006603935,0.00048025872,0.0007697488,0.000021216607],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008416369,0.00015668811,0.0033737845,0.0004847637,0.00080995297,0.00006914143,0.02659926,0.0000050668714,0.1992011,0.0381018,0.73095125,0.00016304589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073253823,0.000058883652,0.053696305,0.00054567785,0.00025354984,3.7783067e-8,0.0075113387,0.000022069858,0.0027848345,0.00024790425,0.9323214,0.0018254389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012175394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00078761514,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2013702,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009405339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013611583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2767489373","doi":"","title":"Rumelhart Symposium: Language as a Dynamical System: In Honor of Jeff Elman","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Honor; Context (archaeology); Cognitive science; Reading (process); Psychology; Parallels; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Linguistics; History; Engineering; Philosophy","score_opus":0.006816906192709498,"score_gpt":0.24139480236748367,"score_spread":0.23457789617477418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2767489373","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7933096,0.0002160928,0.000021683885,0.00037240953,0.00010344756,0.00027574727,0.0002424962,0.00022603266,0.20523244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99658376,0.000012240253,0.00012044014,0.00016198077,0.00022343142,0.000008483031,0.00022000182,0.000028752214,0.0026408862],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979888,0.00012798519,0.0004889194,0.00031059203,0.0005162392,0.0005674152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991778,0.0001325702,0.00014077412,0.00022479921,0.000037438578,0.0002866064],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005795297,0.00018760448,0.00027114694,0.00016751816,0.00015052145,0.00035583356,0.00043514045,0.00023005405,0.0002705778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025040572,0.00016124333,0.00015248806,0.00071880134,0.00017941301,0.0025668528,0.00011060667,0.0003071657,0.0010403837],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013198461,0.0014657213,0.64043415,0.00080080976,0.00014974533,0.0015609635,0.021765059,0.000017913022,0.021107698,0.27399325,0.0035233172,0.033861548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009408617,0.0013452877,0.15109253,0.0038691596,0.00025630082,0.0002018071,0.16387081,0.00031182906,0.059387993,0.027038516,0.5773653,0.005851872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040746183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003829386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.573842,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015621106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013352557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768067130","doi":"10.1111/evo.13390","title":"Digest: Gene duplication and social evolution-Using big, open data to answer big, open questions","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Evolution","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Big data; Gene duplication; Data science; Evolutionary biology; Gene; Genetics; Computer science; Data mining","score_opus":0.16103715328064064,"score_gpt":0.40234283308688956,"score_spread":0.24130567980624892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2768067130","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01062012,0.003623642,0.008904819,0.9263409,0.006751718,0.008288286,0.0021514255,0.0004283549,0.032890733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5702817,0.00054013194,0.0101681715,0.18250376,0.10406216,0.001244668,0.021495631,0.0003633757,0.109340385],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99644154,0.00053807156,0.00044041092,0.0012113539,0.0006912955,0.000677329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973807,0.000049229413,0.0005502207,0.0013990373,0.0004567663,0.00016407552],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012180565,0.00037251232,0.00047212015,0.00019399454,0.004981191,0.0021453681,0.004431343,0.0010186214,0.00008393225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004756341,0.00036777512,0.00007682461,0.00038031203,0.00039781342,0.002406903,0.003148516,0.00075290527,0.00015894005],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026472482,0.00006978547,0.0004941496,0.000038849943,0.000062672174,0.000014853174,0.00266698,0.0000046144282,0.00092720956,0.0047426284,0.9789807,0.01197106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000331505,0.00003400073,0.011664889,0.00018267342,0.00019477139,0.000015728023,0.00080812484,0.000114888106,0.000005656897,0.0027009698,0.9832885,0.00065827376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.13934413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023319146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7438371,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016326921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019728746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998774},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2772264242","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.01719","title":"Phylogenetics of Indo-European Language families via an Algebro-Geometric Analysis of their Syntactic Structures","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Slavic languages; Historical linguistics; Phylogenetic tree; Romance languages; Germanic languages; Linguistics; Set (abstract data type); Computer science; German; Biology; Philosophy; Programming language","score_opus":0.05571642806812533,"score_gpt":0.23125998619376917,"score_spread":0.17554355812564384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2772264242","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907274,0.0004622241,0.001129096,0.0000062537993,0.00014355933,0.00015916684,0.00010767856,0.0000389248,0.0072256923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986214,0.00069183274,0.00005578273,0.000009842009,0.000085971194,1.6891514e-7,0.0000878299,0.000011615847,0.0004355239],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984763,0.00048523687,0.00020851233,0.000442756,0.00015793656,0.00022923226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981174,0.00008244588,0.00066511024,0.0007853876,0.00023739289,0.00011227747],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037460355,0.00020050946,0.0004690467,0.0006876106,0.00027101015,0.00004312506,0.0010801392,0.00021826886,0.00013955378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015738828,0.00018219436,0.0003526645,0.0012308101,0.0004265398,0.00017302486,0.00037061184,0.00024390679,0.000004057329],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045045733,0.0011437598,0.36138642,0.0009106955,0.015909173,0.0006897683,0.25587612,0.20742184,0.026543107,0.05667339,0.00017573588,0.07281953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007335809,0.00019454789,0.8836498,0.00011813132,0.007037658,0.0000011553919,0.08674116,0.0073185037,0.003827417,0.008847513,0.00032924663,0.0012012873],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012130689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0064619207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5222634,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010506718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010298448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944476},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782755661","doi":"10.1109/msmc.2017.2703590","title":"Big Data and Collaboration Research: Creating Real Big Data","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Systems Man and Cybernetics Magazine","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Nipissing University","funders":"Nipissing University; University of Miami","keywords":"Big data; Data science; Research data; Computer science; World Wide Web; Data mining; Data curation","score_opus":0.22069256272325372,"score_gpt":0.3934208384565593,"score_spread":0.17272827573330557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2782755661","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74424666,0.0034311742,0.00021321658,0.0012917157,0.0028539363,0.0009048264,0.00039061927,0.00013262953,0.24653521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741937,0.0016670623,0.000081596685,0.000030491234,0.0054921857,0.000004960957,0.0002082777,0.000011650071,0.01831008],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807966,0.00040879997,0.00022745096,0.00046516967,0.00050127157,0.00031766083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985665,0.00010275445,0.000094985284,0.00073905895,0.00034567018,0.00015100546],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020955359,0.00010208132,0.00014970482,0.00006379307,0.00082222716,0.0004786175,0.0004971085,0.000111918,0.000012180046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003022039,0.000084320236,0.000005986727,0.00042335052,0.0005483335,0.0003224875,0.00027445794,0.000120612414,0.00007495384],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001599156,0.0002120585,0.010714971,0.00048764562,0.00017299881,0.00008451025,0.13275872,0.0000040332648,0.024737902,0.03208229,0.53371394,0.26487097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005965129,0.0002169188,0.005803378,0.00020642471,0.000053586587,0.0000144067635,0.029579628,0.003719787,0.00006370763,0.0003965834,0.9590212,0.00032783824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011808404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.074822344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42530727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000043585365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015002752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947721},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790612928","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1714730115","title":"Algorithms in the historical emergence of word senses","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Word (group theory); Computer science; Linguistics; History; Natural language processing; Philosophy","score_opus":0.06908778616025703,"score_gpt":0.3577812077120027,"score_spread":0.2886934215517457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2790612928","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95806366,0.00026571486,8.9199773e-7,0.010121864,0.000062004605,0.000140359,0.0000025257107,0.000006095356,0.03133687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987354,0.000046057445,0.00045209873,0.00016178896,0.00021908752,0.0000032400885,2.0138526e-8,8.290366e-7,0.00038143393],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832314,0.00001920106,0.00021700677,0.00011428551,0.001207207,0.00011917359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933565,0.00008788191,0.0002505571,0.0000053483263,0.00030520855,0.00001535617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020210592,0.000042329637,0.00008209987,0.00006021133,0.00028265815,0.000009781669,0.0007606281,0.00005378134,0.000043528282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009108607,0.000021718308,0.000047193564,0.0011829063,0.0013430332,0.00033048046,0.000045830013,0.00008355863,0.0000011525813],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042687625,0.0002829568,0.031657632,0.00007385735,0.000019742358,3.0221653e-8,0.12493922,0.000017448667,0.20707655,0.5818526,0.039758064,0.014279192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047404767,0.00032813937,0.40664494,0.00036973882,0.000046030837,0.000010548144,0.10125782,0.00082694006,0.1553727,0.30966234,0.024583798,0.00042295462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044322855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000010179452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3749873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005248596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000039334856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49484617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791762903","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.32","title":"The Evolutionary Approach to History","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sociocultural evolution; Evolutionism; Darwinism; Phylogenetic tree; Coevolution; Social evolution; Epistemology; Sociology; Evolutionary biology; Social science; Anthropology; Biology; Philosophy; Gene","score_opus":0.027652429384475992,"score_gpt":0.21696101026060965,"score_spread":0.18930858087613367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791762903","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000010598091,0.000541063,0.00010614713,0.000055549182,0.00051460054,0.00042422974,0.000019562753,0.0001202393,0.998208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004642389,0.00017650443,0.00025725394,0.0001064967,0.0007771912,0.0000022511927,0.000029155713,0.000012341631,0.9985924],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987243,0.00016725517,0.00008978012,0.00029024278,0.0004113036,0.00031715166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919105,0.000057347377,0.00010617663,0.00029704263,0.00018519048,0.00016320514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022527261,0.00015480316,0.00013954274,0.000047328966,0.0012675032,0.00003293544,0.00076987204,0.00030426055,0.000040543397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031596992,0.00012807726,0.00013444114,0.000015637066,0.0006346387,0.00009987605,0.00021442998,0.00023394385,0.000009377616],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025104839,0.0000054387324,2.82176e-7,0.000005943435,0.000023528548,0.0000036653155,0.004686922,5.48197e-7,7.697898e-7,0.39672086,0.5972349,0.001292072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008415232,0.00002170805,0.000007640786,0.000021558568,0.000052407566,8.23775e-7,0.0014689289,0.0000059546137,4.955326e-7,0.00037819517,0.9977659,0.00019226248],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00084158324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039337622,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.400531,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026537376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007968333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9748738},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796054262","doi":"10.3390/info9040083","title":"Thinking in Patterns and the Pattern of Human Thought as Contrasted with AI Data Processing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Information","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Categorization; Cognitive science; Cognition; Conceptualization; Percept; Set (abstract data type); Information processing; Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.01693365809966886,"score_gpt":0.3127443733144873,"score_spread":0.29581071521481844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2796054262","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.989256,0.000035286772,0.001839386,0.0009965592,0.00002727338,0.00020317687,0.0000051603006,0.000018571256,0.007618573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994083,0.000004894351,0.000014769478,0.00044827122,0.000051987594,0.0000025897052,0.000044471337,9.343172e-7,0.000023791421],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995808,0.000040346487,0.0001179167,0.00003548456,0.00015608323,0.00006938481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997298,0.000012546863,0.00009783929,0.00007620574,0.000075158496,0.000008437808],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045356888,0.000029715633,0.000047912818,0.000018655166,0.0002451111,0.000098794204,0.000141247,0.000024968236,0.000020221345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000349106,0.000016018274,0.000003770159,0.00009024449,0.0001417688,0.0018539787,0.000032305885,0.000043129603,0.000004333767],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000062703446,0.000013110403,0.03764626,0.000062455765,0.000010902962,4.459881e-7,0.69543284,0.0000023664443,0.00007889206,0.00830513,0.0002137574,0.25817114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010756173,0.00038910707,0.44858027,0.0016677063,0.00011098284,0.000017876528,0.5006721,0.011229737,0.0022672433,0.0057566958,0.017887712,0.00066440186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008191765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014227274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.410934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012499349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027287591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984128},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797849812","doi":"10.1093/jole/lzaa001","title":"CHIELD: the causal hypotheses in evolutionary linguistics database","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Language Evolution","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Australian Research Council; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Academy of Finland; Australian Government","keywords":"Narrative; Relation (database); Computer science; Gossip; Diversity (politics); Population; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Psychology; Database; Sociology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.027742024924246867,"score_gpt":0.3061145338761043,"score_spread":0.27837250895185744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2797849812","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9363725,0.020918895,0.0032720927,0.019251129,0.0021513435,0.00050539756,0.000048724232,0.000094431714,0.017385453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994977,0.00016042205,0.0005454156,0.0005323387,0.0035202347,0.0000016558239,0.0000055565224,0.0000071245527,0.00025026491],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851424,0.0003023143,0.00034791615,0.00010512387,0.00050369353,0.00022668997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991303,0.00015363154,0.00025706427,0.00009989961,0.00023401712,0.0001250832],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006853712,0.00008923892,0.0001501889,0.00006597266,0.00023701544,0.000038302052,0.00029770564,0.00007875232,0.00019740696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0051966785,0.000058659516,0.00009279204,0.00044392413,0.000114062575,0.00024795198,0.00003922866,0.00035537017,0.00002830881],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011624319,0.000786083,0.047878172,0.00016900104,0.0002430546,0.0020362851,0.59977764,0.0022201894,0.030499266,0.11812011,0.17937522,0.017732548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042477404,0.0010242352,0.14031474,0.0006875684,0.00039948692,0.0002099743,0.5047633,0.0041646385,0.00082202157,0.0059287786,0.33616796,0.0012695431],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002011452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015047754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15679274,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031875685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027802293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6221285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2804530639","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v8n5p94","title":"Language, Cognition and Social Class: A Correlational Study of Social Class and Syntactic Development of Pakistani EFL Learners","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Syntax; Class (philosophy); Cognition; Psychology; Test (biology); Social class; Mathematics education; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Political science","score_opus":0.020182542120933938,"score_gpt":0.3367108859855152,"score_spread":0.31652834386458123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2804530639","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98636615,0.00006422021,0.00007206112,0.0000444566,0.0018041407,0.00008068939,0.000014319674,0.0000073211554,0.011546641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945894,0.000009909119,0.00040835736,0.00003150793,0.004868666,8.579886e-7,0.000009135935,0.000005412377,0.000076792465],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986314,0.00009951718,0.00043890433,0.00008369461,0.00065278396,0.000093684255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9914783,0.00013442386,0.0005443695,0.000020352027,0.007783666,0.000038864346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049968495,0.00007186903,0.00015777626,0.00009456951,0.00021204643,0.000042358508,0.00012238849,0.00007712138,0.000057893587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007481115,0.000065846645,0.000036773556,0.000080055936,0.00024119331,0.000089441746,0.00003869844,0.00014366416,7.0075225e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048909377,0.00061070523,0.008209826,0.000034991288,0.0005730413,0.000023783656,0.95114726,0.000005756499,0.00058769115,0.031902984,0.0012761041,0.0051387446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003780301,0.0006181591,0.045571454,0.00014101203,0.00033563894,0.0000048573525,0.8790434,0.000081295184,0.0007264171,0.001176411,0.068204045,0.00031699953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010386979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005004109,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07210387,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000099007935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019628472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8956134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807710943","doi":"10.1075/is.18013.arb","title":"The comparative neuroprimatology 2018 (CNP-2018) road map for research on <i>How the Brain Got Language</i>","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Homo sapiens; Extant taxon; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Cognitive science; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Computer science; Anthropology; Sociology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.44662687003239415,"score_gpt":0.5181901524764383,"score_spread":0.07156328244404414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2807710943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95017034,0.0030249248,0.000008834168,0.043969687,0.00065899757,0.0006680723,0.000010690577,0.000025955731,0.0014624998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978179,0.0006380738,0.0000038626663,0.00020435207,0.00053184415,0.00023047173,0.000008213984,0.0000029520663,0.00056235725],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972559,0.0019139893,0.00023538327,0.00018570824,0.00015891438,0.000250074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978561,0.001584181,0.00012561132,0.00013456894,0.0002685928,0.000030982235],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017060807,0.000091374706,0.00018158487,0.0000267341,0.004698232,0.00021860629,0.00022125797,0.000108988985,0.0000052719206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003248478,0.000047087808,0.00004046982,0.00015878034,0.0018970447,0.000095731964,0.00012474769,0.00027046105,0.000014439648],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012679358,0.00041809562,0.009802042,0.000026234036,0.00016518305,0.0000030231258,0.45527384,0.0000019846543,0.0034690197,0.37094638,0.09991934,0.058706943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021667486,0.00035931368,0.012334793,0.000046111065,0.000012136971,0.0000030290425,0.84149116,0.000069371024,0.0000962529,0.0025931892,0.1426322,0.00014579747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020651754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008081904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3862173,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008398299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014163556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807854774","doi":"10.33137/pbsc.v55i1.28648","title":"Matthew G. Kirschenbaum. &lt;i&gt;Track Changes: A Literary History of Word Processing&lt;/i&gt;","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Papers of The Bibliographical Society of Canada","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Word (group theory); Track (disk drive); Literature; Linguistics; History; Art; Computer science; Philosophy; Operating system","score_opus":0.013987488545305706,"score_gpt":0.2355853126125334,"score_spread":0.2215978240672277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2807854774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7492141,0.06206272,0.0000072114717,0.048672896,0.001604942,0.0009704545,0.00013727752,0.0000922666,0.13723809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921921,0.0025525666,0.00023973301,0.00076850917,0.00014968462,0.0000110967385,0.0000030891047,0.0000120902005,0.004071137],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978858,0.00010894123,0.00030641514,0.00022575335,0.0010961094,0.00037698628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99835235,0.00007898395,0.0006541787,0.00046633906,0.00027836082,0.00016977763],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005865619,0.00015767485,0.00032978778,0.00019340318,0.0006262884,0.000036551075,0.0011126524,0.00019784659,0.00022613151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015545571,0.000110990826,0.00049700926,0.0018716484,0.0017225601,0.00024042778,0.00012372692,0.00017802343,2.694228e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009850445,0.00022986728,0.00944886,0.0007850501,0.0003831539,0.0000032426242,0.035339385,0.0000040756713,0.08817326,0.0035779353,0.8314703,0.030486373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005306152,0.00005887946,0.10583746,0.00044831287,0.00013967983,0.0000012654967,0.0025407637,0.000037237725,0.0006734336,0.0012816322,0.8880988,0.0003519571],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17866668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.56016785,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38150114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018083391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011653944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8268027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2808412041","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1807312115","title":"Reply to Tosh et al.: Quantitative analyses of cultural evolution require engagement with historical and archaeological research","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Archaeology; History; Anthropology; Geography; Sociology","score_opus":0.3017362522058513,"score_gpt":0.4834012315894597,"score_spread":0.18166497938360837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2808412041","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16909477,0.00053114415,0.0000044512017,0.82317555,0.000031921732,0.00043432813,0.000017905275,0.000013279541,0.006696624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9102425,0.00019648748,0.0050803195,0.08164955,0.0005322642,0.00003611009,0.0000013518842,0.0000061351425,0.0022552628],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954534,0.00017579546,0.00036119806,0.00042199096,0.0033061088,0.0002814814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99725866,0.00041000298,0.000508073,0.00001402525,0.0017602849,0.00004897648],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0055904537,0.00012398642,0.00026804657,0.00027017717,0.0006490991,0.000034915833,0.00082471006,0.00019697864,0.000022444241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035230701,0.00006562277,0.000076876706,0.001447062,0.004203138,0.00064748194,0.00027089778,0.00071365613,0.0000011260792],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006531349,0.0000353553,0.0008257351,0.000100180565,0.000046542667,1.0042312e-7,0.015343987,0.000007851234,0.019820927,0.07224356,0.8914312,0.00007923931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041065292,0.002089931,0.024753934,0.0013531902,0.0001156158,0.000013951878,0.035676245,0.00008191125,0.011919149,0.08755958,0.83543587,0.0005899596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013613458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008485944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.741526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041143477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001371966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99850684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2829335899","doi":"10.1075/slcs.196.04beh","title":"The relevance of realism for language evolution theorizing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in language companion series","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University; Mount Saint Vincent University","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Realism; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy; Political science","score_opus":0.04346981691366378,"score_gpt":0.3618520952055028,"score_spread":0.31838227829183907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2829335899","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.018761257,0.29357123,0.000262704,0.001959864,0.005889974,0.0030447538,0.0003852362,0.00040104857,0.6757239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.28544715,0.016295003,0.00068534754,0.000106761625,0.003498454,0.00014471712,0.00010285582,0.00007616022,0.6936435],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984163,0.00011655062,0.00044058176,0.00029499322,0.00038376174,0.00034782823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99825907,0.0005786918,0.00040103582,0.00034043423,0.00038559263,0.000035151814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009941721,0.00024313293,0.00044742413,0.000068752,0.00080293586,0.000035503224,0.0003671229,0.00020239648,0.00008406625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010758756,0.00016623855,0.00016190983,0.000094578594,0.0017185604,0.00020687118,0.00013800638,0.00019308088,0.000015380307],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010236533,0.0000074922896,0.000007493374,0.00012411647,0.000108219734,0.000007856911,0.24436633,0.00000111275,0.00025596636,0.74251133,0.008254536,0.0042531528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035972812,0.00014347726,0.000045572546,0.00084595475,0.00008115682,0.000004213724,0.5234815,0.0000034976913,0.00022707404,0.09535051,0.3790457,0.00041160375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070238364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019417498,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6471608,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033790662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000086018605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99847555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883349086","doi":"10.3758/s13428-018-1071-2","title":"Historical evolution of concrete and abstract language revisited","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavior Research Methods","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McMaster University","keywords":"Concreteness; Semantics (computer science); Cognition; Word (group theory); Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.21497517597533058,"score_gpt":0.5804888822575975,"score_spread":0.365513706282267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2883349086","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98087776,0.0037326058,0.0005984661,0.00024969192,0.00013297604,0.00037087974,0.0000043625278,0.000048697628,0.013984546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97970736,0.00008605062,0.015779365,0.0000064144606,0.00039371816,0.000025327161,0.0000020967157,0.0000070027613,0.0039926465],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974318,0.0013465745,0.00017894023,0.00019184401,0.0005384494,0.0003123734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989105,0.00026616832,0.000057330628,0.00016651598,0.00045669204,0.00014281606],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0061897133,0.000058320715,0.00014528728,0.000117298565,0.00040118533,0.000031410287,0.0001652237,0.00011844406,0.00048064181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018558259,0.000047847625,0.00004483555,0.0005095234,0.0006182412,0.00016582338,0.00006267392,0.00021532548,0.000016187869],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006568447,0.000037900027,0.009706965,0.00003729628,0.000010799097,0.000023692144,0.03388374,9.86544e-9,0.67233163,0.011587121,0.004632195,0.26768297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012252241,0.0010794522,0.5543813,0.00021329326,0.00012213853,0.000018833274,0.07778627,0.000031076637,0.052644216,0.0022308312,0.30958188,0.0006854746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017062688,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028744814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6196874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005759415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012283542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98948276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884220280","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2018.67132","title":"Revisit Language Modeling Competition and Extinction: A Data-Driven Validation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Catalan; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Competition model; Census; Language model; Computer science; Linguistics; Population; Scale (ratio); Artificial intelligence; Geography; Natural language processing; Sociology; Demography; Political science; Ecology; Cartography; Physics","score_opus":0.04162512889413909,"score_gpt":0.313997316575618,"score_spread":0.2723721876814789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884220280","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8706954,0.0002267575,0.11358905,0.0002521569,0.000098682285,0.0001446265,0.000006208371,0.000016651651,0.01497043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9760068,0.00024490073,0.02246245,0.00004191263,0.0012084594,5.6710564e-7,0.000008222172,0.0000043470523,0.000022314085],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953985,0.000009570995,0.00015491487,0.00006162776,0.0001696839,0.00006433477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995833,0.000024009636,0.00017097263,0.000078493256,0.0001021838,0.00004101133],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034284205,0.00004576765,0.000104728926,0.0000100275365,0.00019487787,0.00007212202,0.000075031814,0.000029443874,0.000025510899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001908973,0.00003492352,0.000013978476,0.00006305706,0.000058568607,0.00023028723,0.000032774027,0.000060524424,0.0000034929624],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000622485,0.00020973649,0.000020470658,0.00028298429,0.00011093307,0.0000052764867,0.20928888,0.0003273676,0.020177983,0.6418001,0.00088061264,0.12683341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020456654,0.00035242634,0.00006683322,0.0007299519,0.00065540726,0.00007201009,0.15969221,0.41461277,0.0028114566,0.40726703,0.010952688,0.0007415648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012885059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000013869454,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4142854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013804774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020191723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14988628},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885390849","doi":"10.5430/elr.v7n3p1","title":"A Cognitive Approach to the Semantics in the Sacred Context: Semantic and Symbolic Function of Sacred Words","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Linguistics Research","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Semantics (computer science); The Symbolic; Linguistics; Abstraction; Context (archaeology); Cognition; Word (group theory); Cognitive semantics; Function (biology); Computer science; Epistemology; Psychology; History; Philosophy; Archaeology","score_opus":0.07141854602011342,"score_gpt":0.3857769045651654,"score_spread":0.31435835854505195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885390849","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7387351,0.0022327404,0.001326393,0.00057205505,0.001562258,0.002467293,0.00003853382,0.000066299726,0.25299934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99565727,0.0001496229,0.000074223586,0.0001323782,0.003535874,0.000037890448,0.000008930549,0.000007996915,0.0003958338],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99741536,0.0009300972,0.00019283043,0.00021774607,0.0008387371,0.00040520183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99557954,0.0008086584,0.00004501027,0.00018966266,0.003300094,0.00007705493],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036524127,0.00008265356,0.00013711858,0.000108397915,0.00071078236,0.0001434573,0.0003328706,0.0000965985,0.00001547319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.045005735,0.00004932916,0.00003019834,0.0010733823,0.0008016915,0.00003453503,0.000097076445,0.00038551856,0.000015639054],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002497769,0.00024912684,0.0023189224,0.0000835507,0.000052965723,0.0000063678744,0.86351246,0.000003851071,0.00007754994,0.10717041,0.01703942,0.0092356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007187262,0.0004195889,0.009244946,0.0001978476,0.000057895297,7.12724e-7,0.76993996,0.00090435793,0.00014279605,0.0035150289,0.2146408,0.00021732492],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003169675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0067286836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25692216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049397047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013510649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96303856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885948373","doi":"10.7551/978-0-262-29714-1-ch084","title":"A cultural evolutionary model for artifact capabilities","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Artifact (error); Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.09735750251726762,"score_gpt":0.3205418666771433,"score_spread":0.2231843641598757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885948373","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4996767,0.0003746922,0.011498107,0.0015144857,0.0003219198,0.00080192956,0.00002483498,0.00043731017,0.48535004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94771963,0.000012415844,0.0059661716,0.00020557299,0.00012326892,0.00004937393,0.0000073756555,0.0000030024096,0.045913156],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945956,0.000025412477,0.0000852978,0.00010845787,0.00011839079,0.00020287618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971914,0.000017798016,0.000020686628,0.000062098785,0.00012139236,0.000058867266],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011901802,0.000052501186,0.00005712826,0.000011699854,0.000358241,0.000015787025,0.00009113629,0.00005400318,0.0008343475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009214241,0.000035801262,0.00007184469,0.00005348751,0.00013973108,0.00057551597,0.000010477981,0.000028438984,0.000050946786],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041324238,0.0000693736,0.0005990339,0.000010280118,0.000015722086,5.23564e-7,0.22054872,0.000039419985,0.0003934749,0.74548024,0.030375898,0.0024259954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010090518,0.00021122988,0.008130753,0.00002860749,0.00008919002,0.00000480984,0.44358557,0.08770286,0.0012050641,0.38345683,0.07353803,0.0010380124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004211933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026298014,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44804296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000074110976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006785845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.913552},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890095733","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006504","title":"The Cultural Brain Hypothesis: How culture drives brain expansion, sociality, and life history","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Computational Biology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Sociality; Sociocultural evolution; Brain size; Social learning; Cultural learning; Social evolution; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Cognitive science; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Sociology; Anthropology","score_opus":0.04883678895570026,"score_gpt":0.29806415497450023,"score_spread":0.24922736601879997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2890095733","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.777912,0.005652322,0.00028581903,0.20762631,0.0007844795,0.0004094984,0.000024116947,0.00020559963,0.0070998236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868441,0.00007393521,0.00056594296,0.006922757,0.0013703868,0.00001695281,0.000037786132,0.000005487735,0.004162609],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987344,0.0005177917,0.00012254163,0.00021237606,0.00017973954,0.0002331411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886084,0.00060592755,0.00009797187,0.000059579597,0.00028199193,0.000093702874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029576576,0.00009935492,0.000118063974,0.000018396337,0.0011389757,0.00006577583,0.00017714324,0.00014033723,0.00008517354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015106255,0.000060011444,0.000049665898,0.000086194406,0.0015512145,0.00016574924,0.000049984603,0.00009705127,0.000038581962],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004195361,0.00006219832,0.0019487246,0.000008809395,0.00013264436,0.0000017048962,0.111197814,0.0000036031975,0.006768053,0.2567226,0.61187005,0.011241848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004871935,0.00019536524,0.01803267,0.000018359302,0.000030148785,0.0000049567866,0.031869374,0.0002740205,0.000076157165,0.098321736,0.8503364,0.00035367117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019541127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008400045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23846631,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013082208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018645225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8760196},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900196841","doi":"10.1075/slcs.205.08gen","title":"Measuring polysynthesis","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in language companion series","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology","score_opus":0.11849210703752386,"score_gpt":0.3489788106034367,"score_spread":0.23048670356591286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900196841","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0066706287,0.037584785,0.0000030150902,0.00053967297,0.0014554462,0.00034176811,0.000026048087,0.00024433777,0.9531343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12271577,0.0066413023,0.00023873283,0.00018744972,0.0026515708,0.000027259535,0.000021650514,0.000050328967,0.8674659],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983901,0.00009568242,0.00031667415,0.00035359588,0.00048672972,0.00035726436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991867,0.00010616473,0.00017527772,0.00026770608,0.00020139337,0.00006276969],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047034115,0.00028680408,0.00050462165,0.00013052997,0.00051520974,0.000051554664,0.00029763486,0.0002328694,0.0022292696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036653603,0.0002429937,0.00013473732,0.00008306751,0.0011211659,0.00027051734,0.00018358119,0.00023142499,0.00033747224],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007752872,0.00002872046,0.000102618455,0.00021754946,0.0004443579,0.0002565599,0.7494109,0.0000012034594,0.00022145464,0.20376526,0.032860383,0.012613447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020799,0.00006034522,0.000104091174,0.0011033651,0.0000927743,0.000010323512,0.30813614,4.575775e-7,0.00025309518,0.012892709,0.67638856,0.000750158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006643682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017760128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64352816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038262078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006865017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99868286},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900456377","doi":"10.1162/opmi_a_00035","title":"Polite Speech Emerges From Competing Social Goals","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Mind","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Naval Research; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Politeness; Utterance; Computer science; Linguistics; Psychology; Probabilistic logic; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.08995216054132407,"score_gpt":0.3742101795217123,"score_spread":0.28425801898038827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900456377","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77738094,0.00006505225,0.0000055274054,0.011479879,0.0000846821,0.00013074998,0.000023701765,0.000004426552,0.21082501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946752,0.000007172083,0.0012930753,0.00071802514,0.0017496698,0.0000018532917,0.00003138958,0.0000038584385,0.0015197546],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933,0.00008093655,0.00009974389,0.00015455346,0.00016961929,0.00016514801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997903,0.000020565743,0.00005363056,0.000037558606,0.000031278327,0.0000666623],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015399954,0.000051335057,0.00009748823,0.0000049941914,0.00042891028,0.00020173249,0.000318764,0.000052484997,0.009898416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009646382,0.000044434863,0.000036413785,0.00013541727,0.00005503381,0.00027147518,0.000106566506,0.00006358787,0.0010251408],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042034157,0.000045434186,0.004340067,0.0000030718086,0.000048182395,0.000037643127,0.43397856,0.0000017583081,0.018976126,0.003032948,0.016621616,0.52287257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031575127,0.000016814976,0.0044971765,0.000011479147,0.000025584684,1.9238094e-7,0.10517802,0.000035138393,0.0025331278,0.0005762129,0.88659215,0.0002183409],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012213269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038673899,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86997056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000273126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051089646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997527},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901420311","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.10431","title":"Two Cognitive Transitions Underlying the Capacity for Cultural Evolution","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chaining; Cognitive science; Sociocultural evolution; Modernity; Cognition; Survival of the fittest; Recall; Associative property; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Diversity (politics); Mode (computer interface); Sociology; Epistemology; Computer science; Developmental psychology; Evolutionary biology; Philosophy; Biology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.15159401552554153,"score_gpt":0.35688869086828107,"score_spread":0.20529467534273954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2901420311","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87205565,0.001740226,0.028309265,0.014661634,0.0044167503,0.011840292,0.0007972668,0.0005478903,0.065631025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99216723,0.000037932175,0.00020184592,0.00020797289,0.0012679265,0.004818444,0.00012975065,0.000009471972,0.0011594427],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850327,0.00026740512,0.00017142342,0.0003020484,0.00029371728,0.00046215273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906075,0.0001205429,0.00013471178,0.0001284227,0.00045745214,0.00009810916],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000782937,0.0001498337,0.00015058108,0.000028892433,0.0014603848,0.00020250419,0.00025496943,0.00021227641,0.00003550809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046788188,0.00009871115,0.00022113988,0.00014369166,0.00055138377,0.00023158034,0.000053893305,0.0002880078,0.000013647691],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003566986,0.00041104833,0.0009148125,0.00044679327,0.0011868074,0.000005200772,0.420918,0.0001721304,0.00018521356,0.2323986,0.025983179,0.31702155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033838935,0.000083516774,0.38382575,0.0004916036,0.0021337224,0.0000122929405,0.2642557,0.0004903486,0.00020373773,0.28419665,0.05856742,0.0023553467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047324947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013521049,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38291094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044005556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011427763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902833479","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02300","title":"The Structural Effects of Modality on the Rise of Symbolic Language: A Rebuttal of Evolutionary Accounts and a Laboratory Demonstration","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music; Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Modality (human–computer interaction); Gesture; Symbolic communication; The Symbolic; Psychology; Spoken language; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Communication; Computer science; Cognitive science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.0061108619201208775,"score_gpt":0.30798740974675276,"score_spread":0.30187654782663187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2902833479","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946813,0.002492904,0.000059197722,0.0007567997,0.0005661894,0.00020115657,0.0000121531075,0.000005334152,0.0012249947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99949497,0.000113178605,0.00020654064,0.00006325895,0.00008566844,0.000007111906,0.0000011478797,0.0000022217534,0.000025907793],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990742,0.00039744895,0.00016123052,0.00010407745,0.00014396518,0.00011903826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995204,0.000085793814,0.00013874988,0.000146677,0.000091356895,0.00001700994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003791939,0.000051275078,0.000113154034,0.000033735083,0.00013875267,0.0000036794095,0.00015167706,0.00009067196,0.000009043709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027504933,0.000029786444,0.000024531666,0.00022855907,0.0011979212,0.00007227825,0.000014105821,0.00008364299,5.545876e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015573115,0.0003077048,0.47123486,0.0001740262,0.00026052987,0.000009862669,0.20204058,0.0000031459513,0.05491706,0.0829601,0.059160065,0.12737474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008432957,0.0003498523,0.9341151,0.00007038974,0.000032584416,0.0000020200048,0.026507547,0.00017860292,0.0038749434,0.033045895,0.000857408,0.00012232047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059728354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046442903,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46288028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000024732757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000045156554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4413791},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2905727681","doi":"10.37693/pjos.2018.8.18694","title":"An analysis of semiotic and mimetic processes in Australopithecus afarensis","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Journal of Semiotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs; Lunds Universitet; University of Michigan","keywords":"Semiotics; Indexicality; Cognitive science; Primatology; Linguistics; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Anthropology","score_opus":0.024487290051805184,"score_gpt":0.32585616062657635,"score_spread":0.3013688705747712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2905727681","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976622,0.00046464996,0.00011634733,0.0009515441,0.00007138603,0.00004264122,0.000009545196,0.000006310814,0.0006753703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99863917,0.00025021387,0.00077295984,0.00005797011,0.00019433578,2.1523893e-7,0.0000039652123,0.0000036260267,0.00007756246],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988567,0.00014400363,0.0003651181,0.0000906682,0.00033437222,0.00020911827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984728,0.00013162641,0.00032172963,0.00008847024,0.00083690096,0.00014846542],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008649595,0.00006900979,0.00027120413,0.00038532255,0.0000957677,0.000069702,0.00020600861,0.00008130979,0.0003359853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014043717,0.000051700707,0.000057427875,0.001766077,0.00030391256,0.00050732045,0.000014686823,0.00010944685,0.0000010223816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008569555,0.0008107867,0.7856782,0.00019399368,0.0013477936,0.000057382,0.1743863,0.0002812154,0.0028236418,0.0054136296,0.0025799524,0.026341429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015117918,0.001522647,0.8081919,0.00046469882,0.003206961,0.00007223469,0.15815063,0.002842174,0.0021059243,0.004191229,0.016928613,0.0008112155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052172865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006675286,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025530213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007216409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002534491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37249663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912573266","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0211512","title":"The natural selection of words: Finding the features of fitness","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"WordNet; Computer science; Synonym (taxonomy); CLARITY; Suffix; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Word (group theory); Selection (genetic algorithm); Linguistics","score_opus":0.02072384836048124,"score_gpt":0.2622655274679705,"score_spread":0.24154167910748925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912573266","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99188495,0.00066955975,6.3872824e-7,0.0008573922,0.00008575176,0.00015279767,8.7278596e-7,0.0000115313205,0.0063365297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921101,0.0000684669,0.000026111335,0.000021965456,0.000107240805,0.0000034330958,0.0000011202659,0.0000017910668,0.007659784],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994456,0.00007509874,0.000068759655,0.00004913061,0.00026698443,0.00009440063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996576,0.000111220594,0.00007322248,0.00006402725,0.000085118074,0.00000884075],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023617531,0.000029312061,0.000061210485,0.000008301153,0.0002377998,0.000016262047,0.00013738319,0.000031596952,0.00006870915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001471294,0.000013938844,0.000029630843,0.00018830836,0.00008142722,0.0000819684,0.000013897903,0.00008433974,0.000007173092],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022906516,0.0006291146,0.062439285,0.00020874434,0.0006189526,5.933466e-7,0.1798898,0.000025830628,0.6153971,0.10863631,0.003724988,0.028200254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010637811,0.000313042,0.42195013,0.0007686753,0.00036907417,0.0000018545417,0.14826849,0.00048450398,0.41594288,0.0054538157,0.0048817843,0.0005019724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00081693876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018884992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35951084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023702052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002602223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18289879},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2914362899","doi":"","title":"Minimal path","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Conference on Computers","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Phrase; Path (computing); Computer science; USable; Grammar; Interpretation (philosophy); Interface (matter); Natural language; Trajectory; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Programming language; Linguistics; Physics; Parallel computing","score_opus":0.019207985410778495,"score_gpt":0.27861487032801185,"score_spread":0.25940688491723335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2914362899","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6959816,0.000067732144,0.0019728325,0.0045651626,0.00084824354,0.00020933115,0.000020724308,0.00027150157,0.29606286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962277,0.000008737751,0.00037436903,0.00050702586,0.00047883645,0.0000032034818,0.000014384223,0.0000032593716,0.002382476],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99920774,0.00007688248,0.000093196984,0.0001583671,0.00023519005,0.00022864116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996758,0.000030235275,0.000037278387,0.00007785104,0.00012055948,0.00005829386],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111073525,0.00007493496,0.00007809735,0.000024150499,0.0002442329,0.000089736386,0.0001717553,0.000057406243,0.00020738709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000150074075,0.00006228113,0.000042414482,0.000107946806,0.00010917953,0.00019394048,0.000020218156,0.00007097566,0.0002042187],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036093104,0.00014895503,0.0012095121,0.0000048385723,0.000012658549,0.00007393236,0.03484344,0.000058979593,0.00024918118,0.72241795,0.19206846,0.048876017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025573757,0.0014727403,0.09590244,0.00036124914,0.00006030086,0.000017070084,0.14910491,0.003823604,0.0006623483,0.03370272,0.70996314,0.002372085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036532462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006304681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6887152,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000040793522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007134689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.552264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2922767326","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.0242","title":"Drivers of geographical patterns of North American language diversity","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Variation (astronomy); Globe; Geography; Predictive power; Cultural diversity; Linguistic diversity; Population; Resource (disambiguation); Space (punctuation); Ecology; Economic geography; Computer science; Linguistics; Psychology; Sociology; Demography; Biology; Anthropology","score_opus":0.012906120202244728,"score_gpt":0.24385956150541277,"score_spread":0.23095344130316803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2922767326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99720484,0.000033982924,0.0000017838066,0.00023851078,0.000051364954,0.00014874418,0.000012849815,0.000016609398,0.00229132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99955904,0.00007199434,0.00015527288,0.00006577325,0.000030454943,9.986903e-7,5.663162e-7,9.745194e-7,0.00011490268],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893546,0.000022763425,0.00015108817,0.00018787863,0.00048242832,0.0002203785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941254,0.000057689304,0.00030497674,0.0000409163,0.0001346867,0.000049214963],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005342313,0.00007123784,0.00019232839,0.000011980055,0.00036823782,0.000010655768,0.0007688166,0.00005572873,0.00008399927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012066029,0.00003670428,0.00027692405,0.00065437827,0.002169395,0.00009602992,0.00041850703,0.00009358641,0.0000015142697],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000054578013,0.00003431407,0.988499,0.0000130271455,0.000011964816,1.6643549e-8,0.008277169,0.000003024722,0.0011664134,0.0010980719,0.00006278721,0.000828777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007169132,0.00017296412,0.9650397,0.0000153694,0.000011222643,5.702582e-8,0.03344247,0.000041858635,0.0009803376,0.000104825536,0.00005288007,0.000066677065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063539036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018931889,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025165303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023340652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022083792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9605244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2940399934","doi":"10.4000/communication.9726","title":"L’intelligence des machines et l’esprit du capitalisme","year":2019,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Communication","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Sociology","score_opus":0.02641867667476694,"score_gpt":0.312232449770525,"score_spread":0.28581377309575806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2940399934","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6800951,0.16461371,0.0004756077,0.05233348,0.0007838824,0.00037677656,0.00001116796,0.000105021834,0.10120525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93639696,0.035982154,0.001068238,0.00048390866,0.00011480111,0.00000990625,0.00005246149,0.000009208362,0.025882347],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866664,0.0006116543,0.00018486648,0.0001454221,0.00018380347,0.0002076262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989898,0.00014409545,0.00010959857,0.00053543784,0.00015786929,0.00006316524],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006068059,0.0001065536,0.00011395934,0.000021675978,0.0004226149,0.00009635683,0.000605641,0.0001278389,0.003091115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012216174,0.000098452314,0.00007307343,0.00028332346,0.00045863973,0.0007722858,0.00015062539,0.00018788858,0.0021435893],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010367,0.00017157757,0.008324032,0.000068979876,0.000029486897,0.0000012538139,0.1027557,0.00013087406,0.0007253008,0.68508035,0.009564705,0.19313736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027692982,0.00012725683,0.032345735,0.0005081274,0.00008304026,0.00001753716,0.03372636,0.0057241437,0.00045954876,0.11517509,0.810923,0.00063325284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011517337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0047541666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8013583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016064577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051295996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943383677","doi":"10.3390/psych1010012","title":"The Original Industrial Revolution. Did Cold Winters Select for Cognitive Ability?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psych","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Clothing; Industrial Revolution; Cognition; Paleoanthropology; Exploit; Creativity; Geography; Archaeology; Psychology; Computer science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.0293942978481883,"score_gpt":0.33292300607988073,"score_spread":0.3035287082316924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943383677","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95404917,0.0005448556,0.00026181876,0.004733586,0.0023814507,0.0016685858,0.00002634404,0.00008300562,0.036251172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898611,0.000027822987,0.000030683914,0.00014628802,0.00082009495,0.000057325,0.000007355284,0.000004252275,0.00904511],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991786,0.00011295097,0.000106353385,0.00016088774,0.00019159437,0.00024960435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999422,0.0002524177,0.00005296291,0.0000792684,0.00014534508,0.00004797445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005469813,0.000059685604,0.00007341617,0.000010502509,0.00052917073,0.0000603652,0.00014023534,0.000080838705,0.00016481087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032081775,0.000038648934,0.00007067526,0.00018505966,0.00012686188,0.00014596873,0.000008767803,0.000103405466,0.00016941038],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021500534,0.00032991578,0.067973405,0.000037318867,0.00030219057,0.0000018372259,0.0456987,0.000010601346,0.0052438625,0.20974581,0.6148695,0.05363685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012790168,0.00022228532,0.0019071429,0.000035400528,0.00003667424,7.300517e-7,0.017041707,0.000050166018,0.00023540934,0.0022130779,0.9767995,0.00017892261],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008752877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008779735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012467697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121577235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4070007},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2945866795","doi":"10.4000/communiquer.3929","title":"Communication interculturelle et internationale : contributions à un champ d’études et de recherches en mouvance","year":2018,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Communiquer Revue de communication sociale et publique","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Intercultural communication; Sociology; Philosophy; Anthropology","score_opus":0.06231878371608095,"score_gpt":0.3922851186547401,"score_spread":0.3299663349386591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2945866795","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06698635,0.025369337,0.017935123,0.61051005,0.00044471174,0.0012293322,0.00024719254,0.0005543752,0.2767235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8760545,0.05836881,0.024408957,0.014510839,0.00037886118,0.00041065464,0.0012347099,0.00006324227,0.02456943],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.97393477,0.0239743,0.000770116,0.00034709004,0.0003271339,0.0006465864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9920495,0.0028898742,0.0007328617,0.0019396091,0.0021400212,0.00024813716],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.013120064,0.00038941344,0.00046558335,0.00013448515,0.0018188211,0.0005581316,0.0032299275,0.0010111983,0.0004671652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0046427026,0.00044060563,0.00029247772,0.0009527259,0.0018357477,0.0022733526,0.0014438286,0.0025941366,0.00010545013],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024673158,0.0004735345,0.00029243817,0.00003029382,0.0001396318,9.4080457e-7,0.22296892,0.000016575532,0.0006155637,0.75577307,0.012266846,0.0073975334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006311219,0.00008903398,0.0043114587,0.00080815214,0.0000701569,0.000036123012,0.03005797,0.00061092665,0.0008615049,0.11087155,0.8510889,0.0005631281],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026695522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07815688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.838822,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034900224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025417712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99980456},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948539192","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.02403","title":"Ease-of-Teaching and Language Structure from Emergent Communication","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of compositionality; Computer science; Task (project management); Population; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Linguistics; Engineering; Sociology; Systems engineering","score_opus":0.044781073294389316,"score_gpt":0.2215840286652153,"score_spread":0.17680295537082596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2948539192","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99232537,0.000969116,0.0005501601,0.00008928273,0.00018318763,0.00019442399,0.000083108614,0.000043686356,0.005561683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974152,0.00046696787,0.00020066329,0.000031029107,0.00008059964,1.4941443e-7,0.0001518534,0.0000063789225,0.0016471845],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990317,0.00038940256,0.00009771623,0.00028096512,0.000073408584,0.00012681002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923223,0.00007174022,0.00018118028,0.00039202927,0.00005751257,0.00006531949],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018183581,0.00011104723,0.00016598692,0.00004325509,0.00026231384,0.000028239596,0.00038104065,0.0002268514,0.00026699837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007259187,0.0001120759,0.00007365012,0.00008218988,0.00011808356,0.00015677411,0.0003693464,0.00043282507,0.000009401057],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023324006,0.00025818846,0.08050649,0.00040566394,0.00081207644,0.00012056635,0.41963667,0.029024795,0.006628795,0.44290605,0.003565928,0.01590155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041594636,0.00018657012,0.08865999,0.0018839453,0.0021762415,0.000003028118,0.5676058,0.05087506,0.001492967,0.25566548,0.023357319,0.0039341315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037972756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006654167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18724056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000102590566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006709464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96843344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951543623","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.3781","title":"An Agent-based Model of the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Origins of Creative Cultural Evolution","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chaining; Novelty; Forward chaining; Recall; Computer science; Imitation; Convergence (economics); Set (abstract data type); Cognition; Backward chaining; Swarm behaviour; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Machine learning; Psychology; Inference; Social psychology; Developmental psychology","score_opus":0.14411717651513936,"score_gpt":0.2598186689339109,"score_spread":0.11570149241877156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2951543623","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90935934,0.000039494455,0.0866528,0.00008120813,0.00016206135,0.00061247486,0.00006852892,0.000037495138,0.0029865769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988531,0.000040863917,0.00008624957,0.000041208154,0.000023472585,0.0000024904687,0.000022204695,0.0000072442745,0.0009232054],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986214,0.0004913781,0.00015353084,0.00033275638,0.00018945456,0.00021147796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998563,0.00007251761,0.00041981897,0.00031008548,0.00056812924,0.00006645111],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025963705,0.00016575691,0.00019989948,0.000046851466,0.000533073,0.000032660755,0.00067745,0.00023005174,0.00008518699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008344882,0.000103143546,0.00023200885,0.00036349965,0.0006098185,0.00031901922,0.0001615462,0.00029491843,0.000006994309],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051642313,0.00010994055,0.00040222786,0.00004100758,0.00010582206,0.0000018433033,0.016913034,0.22138312,0.0034405568,0.75740206,0.000031842286,0.000116907395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008924359,0.00012183739,0.0068196915,0.0004941881,0.0008143567,3.0757255e-7,0.19092697,0.6114545,0.0023039428,0.18559791,0.000025061443,0.00054880115],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021478511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004583289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5718041,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006164012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004428438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98503757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951662761","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.cs/0212015","title":"Answering Subcognitive Turing Test Questions: A Reply to French","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Turing test; Turing; Embodied cognition; Computer science; Scope (computer science); Question answering; Test (biology); Cognitive science; World Wide Web; Epistemology; Information retrieval; Artificial intelligence; Data science; Psychology; Philosophy; Programming language","score_opus":0.051193264425782044,"score_gpt":0.31378520763611273,"score_spread":0.2625919432103307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2951662761","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600294,0.00115099,0.00017886715,0.0037343379,0.0006368904,0.00054942636,0.000028012313,0.00034346737,0.033348575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877213,0.0002711937,0.0003796839,0.0008437066,0.0011395029,0.00012170243,0.000024099369,0.000019281113,0.009479486],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99831563,0.00013119177,0.00026423813,0.0005521661,0.00031737506,0.0004194075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989955,0.00011498169,0.00013107303,0.00031448368,0.00024993788,0.00019403837],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003503194,0.0002132987,0.00022929047,0.000084790634,0.0006100712,0.00013052786,0.00036179178,0.00023900716,0.00029317298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017516003,0.00020599531,0.00012944688,0.00029283913,0.00011092698,0.00022592742,0.00030262576,0.00049005105,0.0005385642],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017293482,0.0005534916,0.6919312,0.00025402973,0.00020777123,0.0003059083,0.25847518,0.00032524826,0.004758565,0.0015004646,0.016983666,0.02468722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004061131,0.00011130919,0.87733835,0.0015475667,0.00012486566,0.0000082957595,0.01876225,0.000060099843,0.0016115586,0.0021317322,0.09643381,0.0014640513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04104545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0063369926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23971294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002616643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017104036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9653403},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952096141","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.6342","title":"Cultural Evolution as Distributed Computation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Computer science; Computation; Darwinism; Process (computing); Evolutionary computation; Artificial intelligence; Autopoiesis; Theoretical computer science; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Sociology; Algorithm; Psychology","score_opus":0.06194967362903829,"score_gpt":0.22714855587437985,"score_spread":0.16519888224534157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2952096141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95970905,0.00015544907,0.02249651,0.00028468046,0.00064294797,0.00046511096,0.00004145801,0.00030919985,0.01589558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99316794,0.00016539569,0.000050817915,0.000040488067,0.00028896375,0.0000014992974,0.00042757107,0.00000803959,0.0058493125],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866337,0.0002609558,0.00013680398,0.00048574168,0.00013588609,0.00031722503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990215,0.000034590008,0.00020126264,0.00018977461,0.0003888184,0.00016407536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015517756,0.00018772394,0.00018451878,0.00006445423,0.0005563952,0.0001376377,0.00036007666,0.00039076642,0.0003612877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000108028995,0.000186011,0.00016547786,0.00039329776,0.00023875601,0.0005225884,0.00022770446,0.0003470608,0.0007187398],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007700479,0.00018926396,0.005125494,0.00010642782,0.00020218387,0.00014033707,0.012772137,0.13354279,0.00017309123,0.8297511,0.016497213,0.0014230013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026878996,0.00022186614,0.050162975,0.0006383795,0.0009288237,0.00001115648,0.1019215,0.16682774,0.00009811418,0.6435898,0.02940662,0.0035051405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019213224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012397846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18616126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009583893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022027761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9873179},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2953867108","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00417","title":"A World Unto Itself: Human Communication as Active Inference","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Human communication; Inference; Psychology; Cognitive science; Principal (computer security); Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Communication; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.05088446087524599,"score_gpt":0.41884154744695623,"score_spread":0.3679570865717102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2953867108","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06158405,0.0059453314,0.005505274,0.029348431,0.006353839,0.0015636162,0.00003853014,0.00037337004,0.88928753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867327,0.0017154764,0.0054907002,0.0027060704,0.00041951478,0.00016011947,0.00022922993,0.0000193324,0.0025268404],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979895,0.0007382227,0.0002785303,0.00047691574,0.00021021477,0.00030662675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906147,0.000036673664,0.00022942369,0.00049011275,0.00008208213,0.000100261874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003185801,0.00017430168,0.00032756632,0.00017942958,0.00027478917,0.000056065503,0.0009506533,0.00044980916,0.00038035412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021380757,0.000179298,0.00008743984,0.00043122872,0.0003955543,0.00013685266,0.00028994563,0.0010460179,0.000085349515],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002980017,0.00038999817,0.024859784,0.000076382436,0.0002536525,0.00006117023,0.28373858,0.00002121552,0.00030690484,0.10178253,0.42789736,0.16031441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000663999,0.00006591859,0.020388763,0.00017629542,0.000047886766,8.718142e-7,0.021908557,0.000032819313,0.0000256119,0.68821156,0.26793763,0.0005401129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0060914867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024694651,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92514867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002954122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001467895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99310213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2962920841","doi":"","title":"How Did Humans Become So Creative? A Computational Approach","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Creativity; Computer science; Computational creativity; Novelty; Recall; Imitation; Focus (optics); Chaining; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.033288572410824196,"score_gpt":0.3031650776582408,"score_spread":0.2698765052474166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2962920841","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26919767,0.000568337,0.021052588,0.0037927725,0.00020425991,0.00027246217,0.00000554734,0.0002000927,0.70470625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96001285,0.000004307504,0.0029362265,0.00019246442,0.00043872793,0.000008776869,0.000023741515,0.0000025862123,0.036380313],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993815,0.00007127351,0.000048408496,0.00007655512,0.00021756317,0.00020469881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999786,0.00002054968,0.000025049156,0.000038563503,0.000047935235,0.00008185507],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018573199,0.00004774597,0.00005840381,0.000015050256,0.0004928966,0.00010778891,0.00007570455,0.000041545314,0.0006442259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000036572535,0.00003348111,0.000038683498,0.00010341475,0.00012599035,0.00051169365,0.000014544263,0.000043490913,0.000063196625],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000046239243,0.00022550536,0.018381584,0.000007660853,0.00003095859,5.125491e-7,0.13662574,0.00002976897,0.000096551936,0.8234117,0.014891054,0.0062943427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007889782,0.00006230773,0.2626211,0.000011421027,0.00005518331,0.000004471389,0.25868443,0.0007059039,0.000090429574,0.012207744,0.4640622,0.0007057983],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013155391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029011816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81120396,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054163007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002743697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7053822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963099212","doi":"10.18653/v1/d16-1229","title":"Cultural Shift or Linguistic Drift? Comparing Two Computational Measures of Semantic Change","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":224,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Army Research Office; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Semantic change; Subjectification; Meaning (existential); Linguistics; Semantics (computer science); Measure (data warehouse); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Psychology","score_opus":0.14015303822527922,"score_gpt":0.3692626892257869,"score_spread":0.2291096510005077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2963099212","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9540422,0.0002701444,0.0031919398,0.0019016584,0.0004533523,0.00032226183,0.0000059124704,0.00017261508,0.03963991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99747866,0.00001388306,0.00040215458,0.00009448728,0.00045762866,0.0000062772187,0.0000035555563,0.0000032794494,0.0015400865],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916226,0.00007547968,0.0001469874,0.000114308335,0.0003247131,0.00017627495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995565,0.00009151739,0.00006464665,0.000053437183,0.00017274165,0.00006118374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020182229,0.00006533693,0.00012149481,0.000023667335,0.00019471046,0.00002606881,0.00012315738,0.000032324428,0.00042933098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029137393,0.000031614294,0.000045649904,0.00012806735,0.00015557912,0.00018852497,0.00002291346,0.000029715708,0.00005752906],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018611106,0.00023705108,0.09091726,0.00008369449,0.00014887373,0.000042400112,0.3223681,0.00008900358,0.002629571,0.5322572,0.0030311723,0.04800956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011997286,0.00067716424,0.716464,0.0021436638,0.00047510973,0.000044217057,0.10004888,0.0049660387,0.004037817,0.073220745,0.0827778,0.0031472696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0061599235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01614487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62554675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000047152895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046735255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93120027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963221401","doi":"","title":"Variational Memory Addressing in Generative Models","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neural Information Processing Systems","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Generative grammar; Generative model; Memory model; Inference; Artificial intelligence; Adaptive memory; Memory address; Flat memory model; Machine learning; Theoretical computer science; Memory management; Semiconductor memory; Shared memory; Parallel computing; Cognition","score_opus":0.08099046346303104,"score_gpt":0.34279473115126524,"score_spread":0.26180426768823417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2963221401","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43634632,0.0017310074,0.026598463,0.006236326,0.003911652,0.0018380011,0.000035313285,0.00051988394,0.52278304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99842614,0.0000072970465,0.00016552358,0.00017762966,0.0003440068,0.00003484499,0.000023456869,0.0000031406364,0.0008179356],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893594,0.00009022044,0.00030401527,0.00008604726,0.0003869911,0.00019677443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991821,0.000014563397,0.0003985821,0.000115813986,0.0002375805,0.00005137414],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004996567,0.00007974714,0.00010858759,0.00006759826,0.0017200545,0.0014442432,0.00023158405,0.000093416595,0.000017408398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018500625,0.00006671601,0.000024705261,0.00008830742,0.00009011335,0.010493653,0.00002661882,0.00010851469,0.000023893732],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000077876735,0.000075126336,0.0028868688,0.0005146567,0.000025955705,0.000012248817,0.4938722,0.1308907,0.00064084877,0.1344414,0.0041906903,0.23237142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073851226,0.0000158044,0.0046052877,0.00031505345,0.000009441596,0.000007868188,0.032821633,0.95512235,0.0000726108,0.0014882776,0.0044691633,0.00033396832],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030265856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004719401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8242317,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014924858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017109474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963780471","doi":"10.18653/v1/p16-1141","title":"Diachronic Word Embeddings Reveal Statistical Laws of Semantic Change","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":860,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Semantic change; Word (group theory); Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03229225693300907,"score_gpt":0.32632754685051946,"score_spread":0.2940352899175104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2963780471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9205731,0.000398669,0.0031000876,0.005194624,0.0003332996,0.00038352815,0.000029174693,0.00014278395,0.06984472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885606,0.00007307524,0.00032363844,0.00010882108,0.0002493297,0.000007795776,0.0000017874638,0.000003027849,0.010671889],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935406,0.00006282169,0.00009942588,0.0000987459,0.0001922438,0.00019267363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997129,0.000079809,0.00003663829,0.00006557018,0.000044274875,0.000060825558],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019901861,0.000044054603,0.000087049426,0.000013381822,0.0000880193,0.000009461044,0.000085611915,0.000045426284,0.0022816518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013596797,0.0000237248,0.000028974506,0.00008982146,0.0001576281,0.00018953095,0.000020064126,0.000024328865,0.00015673337],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025895193,0.00008664915,0.004896288,0.00004258589,0.000027032364,0.000011614393,0.033763602,4.0430084e-8,0.010031499,0.6423012,0.022894176,0.2859194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0051560635,0.0009582893,0.3711039,0.0012449923,0.00034170834,0.000013633416,0.07607898,0.00012051164,0.009735712,0.081851214,0.45092458,0.0024704086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037414096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003039948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060751954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000032993496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986304},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963795081","doi":"","title":"Modeling Cultural Dynamics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CogPrints (University of Southampton)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Imitation; Diversity (politics); Population; Cultural diversity; Process (computing); Darwinism; Computer science; Economic geography; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Economics; Social psychology; Evolutionary biology; Biology","score_opus":0.032965269165095755,"score_gpt":0.23996165043690557,"score_spread":0.2069963812718098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2963795081","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9572445,0.000036153204,0.005661555,0.00025542724,0.0000765374,0.000071687486,0.0000069000776,0.00006556668,0.036581654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913577,0.00011102825,0.0005817365,0.000017213591,0.00004287406,5.7578088e-8,0.0000123326245,0.0000026518153,0.00787445],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993933,0.000040082236,0.00005632228,0.00012998047,0.0002140091,0.00016630242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962634,0.000008525411,0.00004084483,0.00009413592,0.00014882113,0.00008131445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009918945,0.00005689419,0.0000995227,0.000033176217,0.00070027716,0.0000063852044,0.00022526267,0.0000788312,0.00057584676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032848875,0.00006116794,0.00008333034,0.00016389386,0.00029589195,0.00030703555,0.000059292277,0.000082026956,0.00014098281],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014969596,0.00022715422,0.031012608,0.00004088919,0.00014761087,0.00017164787,0.88081414,0.0027369673,0.0010456265,0.05762053,0.0021315583,0.023901602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013846733,0.000048458893,0.013088141,0.000070655624,0.00007662993,0.00001815853,0.9005267,0.073103584,0.00004695921,0.0015978322,0.009382065,0.0006561221],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011700004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055142036,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07036661,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011518584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006514211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99488115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2964089864","doi":"","title":"A computational model of two cognitive transitions underlying cultural evolution","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vlaamse regering","keywords":"Chaining; The arts; Art history; Cognitive science; Computer science; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Art; Psychology; Visual arts","score_opus":0.035850232844058194,"score_gpt":0.28296858062382324,"score_spread":0.24711834777976505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2964089864","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9422423,0.00016547341,0.012328973,0.0012263287,0.00004754456,0.00046845432,0.0012661054,0.0002453588,0.042009413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99632895,0.0000054159614,0.0017462655,0.00023154386,0.00006424287,0.00003177457,0.0007140605,0.00001610289,0.00086161785],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866444,0.00010374113,0.00028634458,0.0002195826,0.0004191016,0.00030681255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993465,0.00008988104,0.00010580559,0.00007085236,0.00020135382,0.00018563174],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009214946,0.00014263457,0.00015290306,0.00007443799,0.00042101525,0.0005525491,0.00017898547,0.000098088494,0.0006875167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014012378,0.000122044155,0.00014546812,0.0003912398,0.0002764303,0.0070409724,0.000036025755,0.00019256663,0.00074259465],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002726792,0.0016408225,0.08770539,0.0002512154,0.00045154363,0.00001906714,0.02956534,0.024667643,0.0066889245,0.80646217,0.008269003,0.034006186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032645254,0.00017630338,0.021196613,0.00056645484,0.00015154827,0.000012613465,0.032688476,0.068594754,0.0005049202,0.8692382,0.0021700978,0.0014355066],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013939268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000026920085,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06650878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000069494745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019060928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95448},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2968705772","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1910949116","title":"Scenarios where increased population size can enhance cumulative cultural evolution are likely common","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Capilano University","funders":"","keywords":"Copying; Population size; Population; Evolutionary biology; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Geography; Biology; Demography; Genetics; Sociology","score_opus":0.0313865859135796,"score_gpt":0.32839108924397536,"score_spread":0.29700450333039574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2968705772","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5919374,0.0007149283,3.3086943e-7,0.39595738,0.0001827297,0.0010235015,0.00014405687,0.00006343354,0.009976187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97136265,0.000053722215,0.00014607409,0.023774967,0.0013898262,0.000017580016,0.00000619493,0.0000089750665,0.0032399977],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99573857,0.0000814313,0.0005076172,0.0004475908,0.0028682153,0.00035658377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969778,0.00032347557,0.0017340127,0.000017259463,0.00090810744,0.000039362883],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011387437,0.00023026826,0.0003762387,0.00012814614,0.00084069464,0.000100127305,0.0012099724,0.00067200663,0.00006710357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016911791,0.00015170957,0.00020392945,0.0010595373,0.0011256671,0.0011395963,0.00012791173,0.00084790227,0.0000065686577],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006592287,0.000101257785,0.09273013,0.0009166293,0.00012763735,1.6388701e-7,0.0115763005,0.00023010174,0.028099565,0.0202765,0.8454399,0.00043589235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092614314,0.00021030918,0.8009622,0.0047939885,0.0003138498,0.000015413234,0.015519053,0.00089209474,0.009782452,0.08841198,0.07644303,0.0017294802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005604247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000092797236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7689969,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005763062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013512938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84719825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972193038","doi":"10.1007/s10838-019-09472-8","title":"Cultural Blankets: Epistemological Pluralism in the Evolutionary Epistemology of Mechanisms","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal for General Philosophy of Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Sociocultural evolution; Philosophy of science; Evolutionism; Evolutionary epistemology; Sociology; Pluralism (philosophy); Social epistemology; Explanatory power; Darwinism; Philosophy","score_opus":0.0356604807049528,"score_gpt":0.33300075372512633,"score_spread":0.2973402730201735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2972193038","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98296267,0.00035037188,0.00007609833,0.0071390267,0.0008994558,0.00037618366,0.000009535632,0.0000069849293,0.008179687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99612784,0.00005561741,0.0026991332,0.00033321348,0.0003543395,0.0000062820027,0.0000022413637,0.0000025446539,0.00041879338],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812925,0.00020801279,0.0003958146,0.000186259,0.0007412967,0.0003393792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898624,0.00010516258,0.00031511605,0.00013176368,0.00038749413,0.00007420783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022373823,0.00009194431,0.00021840386,0.00011752825,0.0005210207,0.00003400854,0.00087815925,0.00009039671,0.00006672777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028817792,0.000051202696,0.00015808533,0.0005969854,0.0015544931,0.0005662896,0.00004477152,0.0001681693,0.0000059961244],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000061208695,0.000080642945,0.0008723997,0.000018072458,0.000007120423,0.000005893683,0.008966771,0.00016648875,0.043451726,0.94541615,0.0005818587,0.00037166802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010687289,0.0010171571,0.025051633,0.00011185719,0.000025454128,0.00023832395,0.016744394,0.000507897,0.0017064485,0.9507029,0.0025336277,0.00029159244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040403695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004170918,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04174528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013913032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021605144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57275945},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972861459","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x19001018","title":"Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Inference; Perspective (graphical); Cognition; Evolutionary psychology; Cognitive science; Psychology; Through-the-lens metering; Epistemology; Lens (geology); Social psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Philosophy; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.05660776125343223,"score_gpt":0.4116852724534345,"score_spread":0.35507751120000225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2972861459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9816259,0.0002349813,0.000008535012,0.0027075566,0.00013677223,0.00023115052,0.00000851721,0.00005371943,0.014992839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980361,0.000046660378,0.00024817066,0.0003888976,0.00006166298,0.000015483205,0.0000070443125,0.0000026745668,0.0011933254],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987821,0.00010766813,0.00009978025,0.00034453513,0.0003464793,0.00031944763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958557,0.000080988124,0.00006819728,0.000051161493,0.000120282624,0.00009378971],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024781472,0.000107220476,0.000119217344,0.000043059717,0.00070416735,0.000098663,0.00016915804,0.00007442805,0.00034060524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058290952,0.00006692282,0.000027005457,0.00036698164,0.001418351,0.00091878674,0.000046378533,0.00010406992,0.00006068965],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004216897,0.000550552,0.5222097,0.000030869527,0.00004555527,0.000069165406,0.15704289,0.0000138500545,0.028220914,0.042657774,0.0028780778,0.24585898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013349856,0.0016431296,0.79952383,0.00024298264,0.000058312624,0.000051064886,0.17931078,0.000059296122,0.00048947585,0.0021272227,0.014339651,0.0008192553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015041159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012493674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27731416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003306053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009854844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5415957},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980055757","doi":"10.1111/tops.12474","title":"Five Ways in Which Computational Modeling Can Help Advance Cognitive Science: Lessons From Artificial Grammar Learning","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Topics in Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Economic and Social Research Council; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Nvidia; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Domain (mathematical analysis); Computational model; Grammar; Focus (optics); Cognitive science; Lift (data mining); Visualization; Cognition; Machine learning; Psychology; Mathematics; Linguistics","score_opus":0.1544697381748184,"score_gpt":0.44191612605832936,"score_spread":0.28744638788351096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2980055757","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03385614,0.9161557,0.008442147,0.00067098904,0.0025983127,0.004124546,0.00042226733,0.00018541978,0.03354448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35139745,0.64569587,0.0007020627,0.0001571498,0.0008424314,0.00014761278,0.00028165724,0.000029789413,0.00074596185],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99534637,0.0003542583,0.0005951588,0.0012252019,0.0015406125,0.0009383939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973104,0.0007292956,0.00032723922,0.0001343495,0.0013154665,0.0001832236],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025827175,0.00032869147,0.00077633094,0.00057538564,0.0013474035,0.00037780992,0.0008840751,0.00024231356,0.00008591504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0055899443,0.00030083623,0.000115537994,0.004950487,0.0020570252,0.0009858999,0.00029324647,0.0010736473,0.000070647475],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009427806,0.00008241575,0.00018163535,0.00015770466,0.000010264249,0.000022736256,0.024942031,0.0018616229,0.000002737779,0.013062246,0.000001510162,0.95966566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004142281,0.00068889087,0.0034375307,0.11050445,0.0014320891,0.000034627425,0.41427934,0.20861661,0.00006543377,0.16368037,0.08345477,0.009663598],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046649915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01601989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9500021,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011129716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005531931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980486604","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02630","title":"Environmental conditions do not predict diversification rates in the Bantu languages","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heliyon","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"European Research Council","keywords":"Bantu languages; Diversification (marketing strategy); Geography; Ecology; Physical geography; Linguistics; Biology","score_opus":0.0108966497002603,"score_gpt":0.2719786435663704,"score_spread":0.26108199386611014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2980486604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756606,0.0006267692,0.0000015333874,0.0008513775,0.00006786244,0.00021550321,0.000026443282,0.00002021238,0.022529693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977687,0.00049134693,0.0000057577545,0.0002795352,0.00009685886,0.000011393066,0.000051318057,0.0000019644885,0.0012931467],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994339,0.00011470417,0.0000600737,0.00009316761,0.00018730802,0.00011087354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998167,0.00004706616,0.000026965976,0.000086707754,0.0000051329303,0.000017413535],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018740688,0.000038843922,0.000039151448,0.000018253793,0.00017046228,0.00003632754,0.00012003635,0.000041965122,0.0012384864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021730188,0.000025990734,0.000024232977,0.000080504346,0.000060246686,0.00018215363,0.000011464217,0.00006041704,0.00065131334],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063900494,0.00041775388,0.44751993,0.00008886329,0.00003634214,0.000031162625,0.33799008,0.000056913334,0.120772794,0.077429265,0.006169185,0.0094238045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029883572,0.000034991972,0.8129615,0.00004306899,0.000011755742,0.0000013840562,0.16238716,0.000011270766,0.0008642951,0.0001735995,0.023103686,0.000108414824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029668325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002892113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3654416,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000054346365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000108321055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981641565","doi":"10.65109/pmny4515","title":"Capacity, Bandwidth, and Compositionality in Emergent Language Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of compositionality; Computer science; Generalization; Range (aeronautics); Set (abstract data type); Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Programming language; Epistemology","score_opus":0.047201448767315926,"score_gpt":0.332808597371553,"score_spread":0.2856071486042371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981641565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93545634,0.00066693604,0.00013530877,0.010114388,0.00019237345,0.000244853,0.0000108304375,0.00011485738,0.0530641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99761456,0.00019437929,0.00030833785,0.0002498754,0.0002419757,0.0000111985755,0.00007162807,0.0000041657236,0.0013038686],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989689,0.0002605457,0.00014126174,0.00024100667,0.00023714859,0.00015116547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997375,0.000026230455,0.000054457138,0.000059110225,0.000032693522,0.00008999044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029972458,0.00009352061,0.00014999263,0.000024242805,0.00017177791,0.000065060805,0.000107790656,0.00015270649,0.0007864987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009977151,0.00008167912,0.000048119156,0.000086405074,0.000088210465,0.00006664078,0.0002074469,0.00042900923,0.000022220154],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058589212,0.00021635625,0.092564024,0.0004923106,0.0001318035,0.0001319317,0.7235425,0.00067880406,0.008680133,0.14938094,0.0058850637,0.018237552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022502774,0.00017375525,0.52930135,0.0008349893,0.00020812268,0.000011325974,0.27063414,0.0044459933,0.0016067591,0.07954139,0.10773337,0.0032585252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03542901,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022876166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45290837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000097331365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054068696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949538},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985469877","doi":"10.22215/etd/2018-13230","title":"Modeling Meaning a Kantian Intervention in Vector Space Semantics","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Meaning (existential); Space (punctuation); Proof-theoretic semantics; Semantics (computer science); Theoretical computer science; Architecture; Logical conjunction; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive science; Cognitive architecture; Logical framework; Operational semantics; Epistemology; Programming language; Cognition; Computational semantics; Philosophy; Psychology","score_opus":0.020242344597943544,"score_gpt":0.33062678001418727,"score_spread":0.3103844354162437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2985469877","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8147392,0.0005397584,0.00072183023,0.0003362728,0.0014008471,0.00033876504,0.0000017705928,0.00013748689,0.18178403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96147966,0.00008876797,0.00042986125,0.000016571339,0.00043488402,0.000008263876,0.00020332116,0.000012859239,0.03732582],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989722,0.000088929184,0.00021383083,0.00020987791,0.0002852958,0.0002299185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999642,0.000007878112,0.00008290151,0.00008267343,0.00014089665,0.000043636104],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036364343,0.00011595412,0.00014846731,0.000093222334,0.00020425675,0.00009306859,0.00014247428,0.00026169195,0.00063171843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014944776,0.00010293386,0.00010149915,0.00023128219,0.00001926535,0.0002330475,0.000010678014,0.00016342418,0.00009305242],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017752843,0.0002654897,0.0004854574,0.00055989553,0.00012514438,0.000041653508,0.7527304,0.00035766762,0.0022502854,0.21043041,0.003570158,0.029005893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094998453,0.000136272,0.0009668716,0.0030436423,0.00018552138,0.0000015012648,0.90460896,0.0670594,0.0011233485,0.01376873,0.0068406197,0.001315138],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030386468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5164906,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4861041,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014794158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007190631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9760703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2986406870","doi":"10.1145/3359618","title":"Robots Learning to Say “No”","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Negation; Linguistics; Psychology; Affect (linguistics); Volition (linguistics); Language acquisition; Symbol (formal); Process (computing); Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Cognitive science; Communication","score_opus":0.0507250067194767,"score_gpt":0.3785293486588464,"score_spread":0.3278043419393697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2986406870","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8138775,0.00004718883,0.02840386,0.006002659,0.006158454,0.001396478,0.0000058647342,0.00094085676,0.14316712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92868793,0.000024026765,0.0005664908,0.0004960986,0.0003005004,0.00004289217,0.000013883585,0.00001822106,0.06984997],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985972,0.00019005193,0.00021631006,0.00033015525,0.00034837486,0.00031792454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992066,0.000118753516,0.00008061862,0.00029657962,0.00016600161,0.00013144557],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002401185,0.00014819672,0.000149135,0.00015751843,0.00094126444,0.00013800708,0.00026840926,0.00012875604,0.0076901014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011616343,0.00014123779,0.00013834701,0.0003109369,0.000033434095,0.0007294461,0.00000655685,0.00044597342,0.008385625],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007107323,0.0011809472,0.0011753486,0.00009260341,0.00035391407,0.000020444808,0.12565675,0.23642355,0.27511698,0.0062250365,0.00857482,0.34446886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002021821,0.0023736341,0.009561158,0.0006664793,0.0002070792,0.00002503809,0.08227606,0.00078256486,0.016325362,0.0019036003,0.8818753,0.001981922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027924567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026962424,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87330043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003709448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000033428456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990104440","doi":"10.1093/bjps/axz049","title":"Using Logic to Evolve More Logic: Composing Logical Operators via Self-Assembly","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of compositionality; Computer science; Cognitive science; Context (archaeology); Logical conjunction; Non-classical logic; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Logical consequence; Psychology; Programming language","score_opus":0.05769855581245458,"score_gpt":0.34684201838917805,"score_spread":0.28914346257672346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990104440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97898823,0.0013036679,0.0030828563,0.010887267,0.0011050339,0.00080356124,0.000007918899,0.000039188657,0.0037822975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951579,0.00009769859,0.0027883623,0.001260854,0.000593562,0.000003911053,3.2543565e-7,0.0000063526486,0.00009106103],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980351,0.0001344368,0.0002695033,0.00022757583,0.00085909525,0.0004743222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988215,0.00016590784,0.00018717638,0.00016464759,0.00048615184,0.00017462658],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028058942,0.00010781391,0.00018451468,0.000045776098,0.0062995846,0.0007043088,0.0014303526,0.000054753604,0.000042385545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002369897,0.00006282516,0.00015096042,0.00077073317,0.0012269925,0.00064633763,0.00013685766,0.0002563514,0.000017871607],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004049561,0.00084017793,0.0016291757,0.00010576104,0.00025896085,0.00014452545,0.10198913,0.025386022,0.47514704,0.33026364,0.002262209,0.06156841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003385517,0.0022790553,0.017428393,0.0022096015,0.0005724567,0.006629564,0.0904924,0.038849734,0.010428145,0.8169065,0.008362752,0.0024558804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009005419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000065892666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48664287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002079459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019638686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949941},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990411537","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x19003236","title":"The elephant in the room: What matters cognitively in cumulative technological culture","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":175,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Harvard University; Université de Lyon; Australian Research Council; Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; National Institutes of Health; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Imitation; Phenomenon; Emulation; Cognition; Cognitive science; Metacognition; Dimension (graph theory); Psychology; Social phenomenon; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Sociology; Social psychology; Social science","score_opus":0.044311137843010766,"score_gpt":0.36067029558703273,"score_spread":0.31635915774402196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990411537","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97228867,0.000735649,7.9167734e-7,0.025393238,0.00007102682,0.0003157763,0.0000012120145,0.000014941426,0.0011786958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977839,0.00021565972,0.000020513762,0.0012571109,0.00002616984,0.00002002883,0.0000010204893,9.859607e-7,0.00067460985],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99885756,0.00023880329,0.00010786659,0.0001937431,0.0003357801,0.00026624647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997045,0.00015919919,0.000041148047,0.000050241553,0.000022670014,0.000022242722],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014609238,0.00006876562,0.00007535075,0.000030182964,0.0005659919,0.00039073682,0.00034087256,0.00007184239,0.000032103257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054713215,0.000027962551,0.000023942981,0.0005881316,0.0009783376,0.0006910265,0.000041960546,0.00014323177,0.000016068088],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006056568,0.00039332765,0.18318921,0.000008536043,0.000004690584,0.00007210637,0.34158364,0.00001008115,0.008011946,0.060737092,0.0043444196,0.4015844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030618173,0.00019166058,0.17354144,0.00008385886,0.0000051718403,0.0000058745254,0.7926236,0.000038690672,0.0000928841,0.0058423546,0.027081434,0.00018683432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013798402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006244744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45103997,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002658358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031608262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43532094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990837970","doi":"10.1016/j.neures.2019.11.010","title":"Phase transitions of brain evolution that produced human language and beyond","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Neuroscience Research","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Cognition; Niche construction; Human language; Human brain; Ecological niche; Phase transition; Selection (genetic algorithm); Artificial neural network; Natural selection; Phase (matter); Computer science; Transition (genetics); Neuroscience; Cognitive science; Variation (astronomy); Cognitive psychology; Evolutionary biology; Psychology; Biology; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Ecology; Linguistics; Astrophysics; Condensed matter physics","score_opus":0.28891012340487876,"score_gpt":0.5453752716907184,"score_spread":0.25646514828583966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990837970","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0038191378,0.9887882,0.000017337145,0.0005711727,0.00022289358,0.0017014567,0.000081471335,0.000047867477,0.004750485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.027304439,0.96637404,0.000013966002,0.00003549652,0.0002253789,0.00007304872,0.00003577938,0.000019836845,0.0059179934],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959704,0.0013213204,0.00025661298,0.00058898004,0.0012875962,0.0005750607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898344,0.00021406046,0.0001293208,0.00034643486,0.00016586474,0.00016090237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022667525,0.00015725094,0.0004933293,0.0003509977,0.0010024852,0.00013655676,0.0005572095,0.00019377393,0.00004922948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008392962,0.00012016066,0.00014907868,0.0015475943,0.0012777647,0.0004107032,0.000097709024,0.0005491319,0.000023714538],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000067827123,0.00043979587,0.0000035955159,0.0048494823,0.000008117268,0.000027389784,0.020096254,2.1224922e-7,0.024623133,0.019424215,0.0022779005,0.9282431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042715346,0.0005030594,0.000018831592,0.0016700319,0.00008453521,0.000014988923,0.007247078,0.000013687323,0.00011299203,0.000278863,0.9893071,0.00032164593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008082753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030389696,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98702925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018174082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007240696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7710407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995386316","doi":"10.1075/dia.00017.wil","title":"The role of frequency of use in lexical change","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Diachronica","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cognate; Language change; Sound change; Linguistics; Meaning (existential); Word (group theory); Mechanism (biology); Computer science; History; Psychology; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.022824723780919653,"score_gpt":0.2858301679829064,"score_spread":0.26300544420198674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995386316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9792084,0.0023183876,2.8755096e-7,0.00023215883,0.000062889434,0.00013990441,0.000002840553,0.0000057177426,0.01802942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994773,0.00018006066,0.000013994894,0.000017990104,0.000054836084,0.000006186503,0.0000015638908,0.0000016237998,0.00024643476],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995344,0.00007179763,0.000092326554,0.000055844615,0.00012912066,0.000116464806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997422,0.00007296327,0.000044642784,0.000096351476,0.000027217366,0.000016625763],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001802448,0.00002607904,0.00006502326,0.00000881692,0.000041084997,0.0000070833357,0.00011634257,0.000040621304,0.00011672731],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007855208,0.000016196544,0.000035177323,0.0001057333,0.00010258438,0.00014365755,0.000016233462,0.000045250497,0.000024201596],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015939673,0.00010932499,0.32954666,0.000015123175,0.000013711624,8.92878e-7,0.036856733,0.0000019101644,0.012985243,0.59011275,0.00016984338,0.03017184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006719084,0.00017365797,0.85306543,0.000112169364,0.000016749294,2.9406914e-7,0.0273064,0.000113485985,0.003254305,0.014732176,0.100318335,0.00023507439],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016812425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013465261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5753806,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041463652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056889836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9897347},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995911207","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.01093","title":"On the interaction between supervision and self-play in emergent communication","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Converse; Artificial intelligence; Scratch; Machine learning; Natural language; Supervised learning; Population; Artificial neural network","score_opus":0.08562977860799063,"score_gpt":0.22426220412332099,"score_spread":0.13863242551533034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995911207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918379,0.000026959673,0.000100136815,0.003197734,0.000021927468,0.00010522555,9.802599e-7,0.000035419427,0.004673685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99925834,0.00034746237,0.0000067539495,0.00023107942,0.000034381377,2.0619446e-7,0.0000046349355,0.0000019850013,0.00011515173],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994871,0.00021477706,0.00005194805,0.00012227467,0.000041863696,0.000082035745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997087,0.00010154822,0.000029572917,0.00008739647,0.00002299928,0.000049780854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015955519,0.00004239209,0.00004787403,0.000019107287,0.00025750627,0.000018743554,0.0001453997,0.000040266248,0.00013107956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005934991,0.000033108325,0.000020423346,0.00027680534,0.00004218974,0.00023064119,0.00004468561,0.000109174456,0.00004331023],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013157482,0.00019554973,0.124090284,0.000019497644,0.00006680232,0.000029488861,0.16224886,0.0031669424,0.00042262272,0.70045596,0.004357498,0.004814924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037720331,0.0008388529,0.33438548,0.00030904365,0.00030558754,0.0000015192778,0.40232286,0.087483846,0.00091475976,0.050069585,0.11807475,0.0015216633],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013302522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010521522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65038633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007062636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011900054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20109521},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996389157","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aaw3916","title":"Which way to the dawn of speech?: Reanalyzing half a century of debates and data in light of speech science","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Science Advances","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music; Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal","funders":"European Research Council; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Aix-Marseille Université","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.046970596573665487,"score_gpt":0.3971097092649681,"score_spread":0.3501391126913026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996389157","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0024632434,0.99056935,0.000005725511,0.00033510494,0.00036516006,0.0006574428,0.000039930426,0.000008059454,0.0055559645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.017004307,0.9815622,0.0011104865,0.000010451804,0.00010734999,0.0000037447276,0.0000070090236,0.0000057367824,0.00018870772],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967653,0.00013874016,0.00057911355,0.00071567314,0.0013459617,0.00045517803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977453,0.00020847378,0.0006180064,0.000886824,0.00043899426,0.00010243136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005319291,0.00017665612,0.0007540569,0.000371153,0.00036215817,0.00008242533,0.0034594473,0.00007390118,0.000020019284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027258282,0.0000988853,0.00006161149,0.006667891,0.002363835,0.0018272601,0.0007601006,0.00016221285,0.0000061656956],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025247898,0.000015186095,0.00009616253,0.001037747,0.000004849484,8.641881e-7,0.0042254385,0.000004426731,0.0007139193,0.0013203467,0.00001453859,0.992564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007615975,0.000073061594,0.00013600134,0.0072838683,0.000120218254,0.000006532924,0.010931242,0.000019504258,0.0016346519,0.00023989272,0.9791808,0.0002980375],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020938667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009048407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99226594,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000109686116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012651137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8709648},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996510948","doi":"10.7202/1065079ar","title":"PRACTICES FOR A MACHINE CULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF INTEGRATING CULTURAL THEORY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surfaces","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Order (exchange); Artificial intelligence; Cultural intelligence; Epistemology; Sociology; Computer science; Knowledge management; Management science; Psychology; Engineering; Social psychology","score_opus":0.04932676106757421,"score_gpt":0.3916016542419184,"score_spread":0.3422748931743442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996510948","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99673355,0.0009946355,0.00007155546,0.00011333038,0.00012942495,0.00064144604,0.0000067127235,0.00002634949,0.00128301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985332,0.00003778225,0.00043312015,0.000017167062,0.000058605096,0.000012885732,0.0000026824598,0.0000034503682,0.00090111356],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99910754,0.00027801812,0.00016656,0.00016421646,0.00014992179,0.00013372142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921584,0.000295668,0.00024270966,0.000070334296,0.00014037343,0.00003508985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009635901,0.00007669073,0.00012615976,0.000015514377,0.0002788808,0.000079057136,0.00008750745,0.00004769133,0.000066550245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008841807,0.000047643527,0.000029598017,0.00015297704,0.00009084008,0.0004083576,0.00002584141,0.0000783671,0.000004359484],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021952057,0.00029086985,0.0070620785,0.00006120739,0.00007712518,0.00003715324,0.88349146,0.000038961527,0.0072159544,0.05546089,0.00007044953,0.04597431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000091985814,0.00030719358,0.00006501397,0.000015969139,0.000036727855,0.000019774276,0.9948583,0.00032396818,0.0005752206,0.0029571769,0.0006525772,0.000096072356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016002463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036275864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11136684,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000016903223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026055754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99055004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000010628","doi":"","title":"手足の色素病変〈臨床例〉-(4)Cronkhite-Canada症候群 | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター","year":2007,"lang":"ja","type":"article","venue":"皮膚病診療","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Geology","score_opus":0.01218004240241143,"score_gpt":0.29992464539331987,"score_spread":0.2877446029909084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000010628","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5551443,0.0041981936,0.00014997873,0.0029575892,0.0036933469,0.00055788393,0.0001119442,0.00024820978,0.43293858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96726257,0.00019471417,0.00018931611,0.001162062,0.0023644518,0.0000049107557,0.00003834886,0.000019869747,0.028763773],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99633116,0.00018865085,0.000504661,0.0005817623,0.0010832973,0.0013104463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99854326,0.00008218853,0.00022249435,0.00038238062,0.00020601491,0.00056368165],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001234565,0.0003469443,0.00034785894,0.00005358905,0.0010742304,0.00020012491,0.0006337823,0.00044493194,0.0032318225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023362352,0.00030947966,0.00023595225,0.0011184796,0.00043768022,0.0004795815,0.00014115906,0.0003353504,0.0018001121],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004924882,0.0010894801,0.027194124,0.00021958686,0.00057527644,0.0014042734,0.16483508,0.00004260561,0.004675591,0.10402053,0.43601844,0.25943252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011344687,0.0002148767,0.057766546,0.000113473005,0.00020234342,0.000031670024,0.06428563,0.000052252646,0.00041609615,0.0015917605,0.8730957,0.0010952101],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.064092755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13266188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43707725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010866009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003729457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993575},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3001922427","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.07740","title":"Where New Words Are Born: Distributional Semantic Analysis of Neologisms and Their Semantic Neighborhoods","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Neologism; Computer science; Semantic change; Semantics (computer science); Linguistics; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Distributional semantics; Semantic analysis (machine learning); Phenomenon; Semantic similarity","score_opus":0.05653445232319772,"score_gpt":0.21836850155655307,"score_spread":0.16183404923335537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3001922427","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95737606,0.0012704416,0.036692686,0.0017592419,0.00020777833,0.000277605,0.00022492193,0.00012554301,0.0020656902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972613,0.0011192894,0.000032056352,0.000060803246,0.0001611632,3.6022095e-7,0.00015881329,0.0000072116372,0.001199006],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985661,0.00022314997,0.00019405421,0.00061322236,0.00012393427,0.0002795395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988816,0.00009400121,0.0003472102,0.00029447,0.0001464066,0.00023630417],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017817468,0.00023432724,0.00052834855,0.00014147387,0.00026217708,0.000055996672,0.00045852707,0.0003408649,0.00042349152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011559383,0.00021131251,0.00035770237,0.0014052886,0.0003547562,0.00016698237,0.00043631246,0.00033661685,0.000010157173],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028860298,0.0003095254,0.62398195,0.00058348133,0.0072805514,0.00046623917,0.03485849,0.04164202,0.00040841626,0.28174722,0.0049886825,0.0034448367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016977704,0.00019395043,0.663201,0.0007554021,0.01075918,0.0000036253393,0.07926266,0.13173681,0.00012619921,0.10589097,0.0040813577,0.002291104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006985308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009509131,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17585626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016623567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002722772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962723},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005022744","doi":"10.1007/s10670-020-00225-4","title":"Epistemology and the Structure of Language","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Erkenntnis","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Natural language; Epistemology; Ontology; Action (physics); Context (archaeology); Computer science; Probabilistic logic; Simple (philosophy); Term (time); Object language; Point (geometry); Language structure; Philosophy of language; Cognitive science; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Philosophy; Psychology; Mathematics; Metaphysics; History","score_opus":0.008643180102184247,"score_gpt":0.2598615128196824,"score_spread":0.25121833271749816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005022744","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.971202,0.0014499092,0.000024949537,0.0155204125,0.000064726504,0.000110042456,0.000008495309,0.000022631904,0.011596838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848866,0.00003165553,0.000055237815,0.00084043917,0.00016622453,4.037533e-7,0.0000018014391,0.0000015476741,0.00041403662],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99962074,0.000115451396,0.000056211633,0.000058761056,0.00007883902,0.000070018374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983245,0.000045291425,0.00003264286,0.00004100849,0.00001655055,0.000032066542],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007760862,0.000028357295,0.00007113925,0.0000036172562,0.00010634548,0.000009060088,0.000079477155,0.000035468707,0.00030311037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016310152,0.000015516041,0.000021346432,0.000077608376,0.00028229642,0.000038433012,0.00001994075,0.000046927402,0.000005054396],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011687794,0.000006704866,0.0018897078,0.000032152984,0.00003698652,0.000010394528,0.731325,0.0000023202292,0.022590918,0.22328933,0.005774714,0.014924908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008002588,0.0003421625,0.03416344,0.000055420645,0.0002803411,0.000029878687,0.6256901,0.0004679054,0.018816713,0.03127271,0.2800412,0.00083759276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016397471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000758909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27426645,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000047011745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014419088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3318846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3013168207","doi":"10.1080/2153599x.2020.1742778","title":"Supernatural agents and prosociality in historical China: micro-modeling the cultural evolution of gods and morality in textual corpora","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Religion Brain & Behavior","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Templeton World Charity Foundation; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Morality; China; Literature; Sociology; History; Epistemology; Philosophy; Art; Archaeology","score_opus":0.04357203160838713,"score_gpt":0.3215380309725089,"score_spread":0.27796599936412175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3013168207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98903954,0.0014156867,0.0000073439733,0.008913822,0.000071970455,0.0004111085,0.0000071293425,0.000023923414,0.00010946722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99933743,0.0002199106,0.000051161423,0.00017934863,0.00010261406,0.000018574907,0.000009190557,0.000004752027,0.00007699376],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987077,0.00029147172,0.00029109835,0.0002416765,0.0002633541,0.00020466768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968535,0.00002730687,0.00008889202,0.00006741736,0.00005387076,0.000077164455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047025052,0.000104212566,0.00018968438,0.000025910325,0.00018559671,0.0000356288,0.00012137595,0.00014232185,0.000006471573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025436055,0.00007417239,0.000048164507,0.00030648784,0.00017615978,0.00025011125,0.000061355866,0.00023832518,0.0000010169971],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015632874,0.00022096222,0.83620936,0.0000521829,0.00000780124,0.000030287976,0.11591625,0.000026381225,0.030546773,0.007753917,0.0028141695,0.0062656025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087301753,0.0000721011,0.983399,0.000051331557,0.000032923286,0.0000046989794,0.013104322,0.0008032566,0.00008206626,0.00041120918,0.00092851405,0.00023755778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04972898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046857335,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14718966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005697293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006252182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95659894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014436489","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.01097","title":"Learning to cooperate: Emergent communication in multi-agent navigation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Task (project management); Property (philosophy); Protocol (science); Space (punctuation); Core (optical fiber); Artificial intelligence; State (computer science); Human–computer interaction; State space; Communications protocol; Distributed computing; Telecommunications; Engineering; Computer network; Mathematics","score_opus":0.13331565241036794,"score_gpt":0.262040545679653,"score_spread":0.12872489326928507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3014436489","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916529,0.000117801035,0.0040849643,0.0009926066,0.00020680683,0.00051339756,0.0000054809157,0.0001311661,0.0022948983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958805,0.0005768619,0.0001991929,0.000111288886,0.000055051994,0.0000026947184,0.00013568063,0.0000092505015,0.0030295036],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986267,0.00050575443,0.00015257536,0.00041264543,0.00009140369,0.0002109306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931836,0.000023868313,0.00011550232,0.00023642233,0.00015040605,0.00015544496],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003148196,0.00013372223,0.00015981407,0.000072037816,0.00036349872,0.000056779314,0.00046336476,0.00020000024,0.0001462335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014065963,0.00015372787,0.000075203854,0.00060651556,0.00006354505,0.00017488666,0.0004259122,0.0005262018,0.00022915729],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107403284,0.0002196022,0.017138217,0.00009331018,0.00007240738,0.00015840563,0.15169285,0.7908707,0.0010435315,0.03518109,0.0012016091,0.002220879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004341461,0.00040546173,0.068653695,0.0021394487,0.00045234172,0.000002043054,0.34770626,0.46189964,0.00075393333,0.010695774,0.0988058,0.004144154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010187577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0077012265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32897106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053196395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013407445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9964037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023431487","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.028","title":"Drew Rendall","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Biology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Evolutionary biology; Computational biology","score_opus":0.03896007813199668,"score_gpt":0.40736806213453586,"score_spread":0.36840798400253916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3023431487","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.69242424,0.025191383,0.0005768522,0.018731931,0.004920609,0.0003996518,0.000015000289,0.0004836458,0.25725672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99801636,0.00043604514,0.000028969645,0.00022406517,0.0005449945,0.0000014973969,0.000019871255,7.9319017e-7,0.00072740956],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995721,0.0000728317,0.000058168807,0.00009314622,0.000040444032,0.00016331539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984807,0.00000960795,0.000022975706,0.000051276085,0.000025239373,0.000042811513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010331828,0.000035853394,0.000052023115,0.00001309761,0.00014116075,0.000008836392,0.000095214695,0.000051755844,0.00031851334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065685694,0.000026072792,0.000029535315,0.0000808389,0.000071194925,0.000047378424,0.000006872928,0.000056245583,0.00016394413],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003847052,0.00003732868,0.0010314835,0.0000010740083,0.000002215919,6.755475e-7,0.004302121,1.06182526e-7,0.0014093881,0.2280286,0.014948076,0.7502351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007727169,0.0000388975,0.004995966,0.00000443889,0.0000033332187,3.726516e-7,0.00035893975,0.0000016117204,0.00004932088,0.012939375,0.9814671,0.00006334147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012836127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018104089,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96651906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028384218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026901262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34874976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3027764784","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104280","title":"Conceptual relations predict colexification across languages","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Polysemy; Linguistics; Variation (astronomy); Psychology; Lexicon; Cognition; Associative property; Phenomenon; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.047009490367264,"score_gpt":0.3442307856193157,"score_spread":0.2972212952520517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3027764784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8221652,0.0004912072,0.0037170588,0.012516809,0.0001892501,0.0005706254,0.00012251848,0.0005995605,0.15962777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973476,0.000028362121,0.00008306358,0.0007541141,0.00053578924,0.000020925767,0.0002238249,0.000003949823,0.0010023996],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994089,0.00008292816,0.000089583606,0.00011768065,0.00017104443,0.00012987292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996892,0.000032251835,0.00004678975,0.000038604678,0.00011162283,0.000081487065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010846647,0.000043176828,0.000047130914,0.0000064335,0.00043072167,0.000044324,0.00006157522,0.00006886867,0.000685825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003854958,0.00004111207,0.000029378496,0.00018608163,0.00016434779,0.00029191203,0.000010473169,0.00006923564,0.0005578447],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009918806,0.00012901245,0.0048666433,0.000021245072,0.000057577665,0.000017337281,0.7557061,0.00004268902,0.02130359,0.10091419,0.06448246,0.052359987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014646421,0.0001845045,0.04500737,0.000062949686,0.00011686802,0.000002421024,0.6544703,0.0004543238,0.006257085,0.0027104714,0.28875706,0.00051198044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010217973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029705782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2242746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003372116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000373885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7509303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3028668421","doi":"","title":"WordWars: A Dataset to Examine the Natural Selection of Words","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Concreteness; Selection (genetic algorithm); Computer science; Word (group theory); Natural language processing; Natural (archaeology); Artificial intelligence; Natural selection; Meaning (existential); Word lists by frequency; Contrast (vision); Competition (biology); Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Biology","score_opus":0.023054379494151758,"score_gpt":0.2957910128799031,"score_spread":0.2727366333857514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3028668421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8946485,0.00023657946,0.00043697975,0.0614025,0.00044064183,0.000680781,0.00020394205,0.00014155945,0.041808512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99734914,0.000007259183,0.0003249771,0.0014816584,0.0003312858,0.0000051058846,0.000045342025,0.0000019427578,0.0004533092],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994975,0.000067482244,0.000066597866,0.00008289273,0.00018048527,0.00010509592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998137,0.00002531883,0.000025719717,0.000051438878,0.00003330265,0.000050556046],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013399018,0.000034310673,0.000049942715,0.000007805216,0.00013340317,0.000018515175,0.0001442258,0.000021754295,0.00050526514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022654567,0.00002090615,0.000018086315,0.0003793237,0.000043250733,0.00010081503,0.000026626944,0.00006831044,0.000056373836],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000094158095,0.000036984897,0.0005044992,0.000014990864,0.000030034324,0.0000030849899,0.111874625,0.000014506332,0.16421352,0.008264666,0.65128857,0.06366036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023384482,0.00012843354,0.0038172053,0.000017956168,0.000027423608,0.000001212332,0.015320134,0.0002744322,0.005202079,0.0007410669,0.97407514,0.0001610573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00041785795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011417881,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3227866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000021190293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002890141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55322987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3029387734","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.2712","title":"<i>DCDC2</i>READ1 regulatory element: how temporal processing differences may shape language","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Manton Foundation","keywords":"Dimension (graph theory); Population; Articulation (sociology); Stop consonant; Association (psychology); Allele; Psychology; Consonant; Expression (computer science); Biology; Computer science; Mathematics; Sociology; Speech recognition; Genetics; Political science","score_opus":0.042673683017602354,"score_gpt":0.2739002192881101,"score_spread":0.23122653627050774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3029387734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97536445,0.0009299069,0.00000807481,0.014804168,0.00007600898,0.00027981284,0.0000064747283,0.0001335414,0.008397561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99719626,0.00006147011,0.0006562754,0.0011278884,0.00041473118,0.000013798839,0.0000012762138,0.0000040791883,0.00052422605],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99807864,0.00004332218,0.00021511028,0.00043345828,0.00074591435,0.00048355345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999305,0.000044467728,0.00030172276,0.000042673877,0.00014379273,0.00016231477],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009127376,0.0001708647,0.00023970417,0.000008429876,0.0013922962,0.00025294026,0.0011132181,0.00016655307,0.00017180244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041480936,0.0000852233,0.0002623472,0.0007434194,0.0020864303,0.00034842055,0.00026050129,0.00019728924,0.0000050938356],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003560592,0.0001558468,0.79993415,0.00016658157,0.00005120583,9.2863587e-7,0.11157621,0.0000038932717,0.026686477,0.013280073,0.013218942,0.034890115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010036152,0.0011203911,0.27729002,0.00037290945,0.0001371969,0.0000028966388,0.6687908,0.012757624,0.012425367,0.003661952,0.020782208,0.0016550103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028081765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011923674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5572146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005474387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008987176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99990773},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3029753348","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x20000011","title":"TTOM in action: Refining the variational approach to cognition and culture","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Affordance; Embodied cognition; Epistemology; Enactivism; Cognitive science; Sociocultural evolution; Psychology; Inference; Sociology; Cognitive psychology; Autopoiesis","score_opus":0.13088968356294328,"score_gpt":0.36783466154538685,"score_spread":0.23694497798244357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3029753348","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021951357,0.0002581498,0.000035554574,0.9679525,0.00021476361,0.00027311503,0.000025398134,0.000040683797,0.009248515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.17332996,0.00013364149,0.0026673311,0.8046463,0.005886494,0.00016178901,0.00023983791,0.00001331805,0.012921308],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99864113,0.0001863248,0.00012498717,0.0003488141,0.0004818738,0.00021688825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973416,0.00006230019,0.00006639064,0.000041216106,0.000041162348,0.000054760698],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043963498,0.00011146951,0.00011873855,0.000046620913,0.0009784439,0.00034125065,0.00018770495,0.00019869008,0.000027192413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007977384,0.000065543645,0.000026532172,0.00049957825,0.00046795452,0.00025075313,0.00005443333,0.0004113743,0.000005189008],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010997879,0.00004418981,0.0012807853,0.000029881263,0.0000059551826,0.0000314099,0.08552212,0.0000034221207,0.00045013387,0.002966476,0.8762984,0.033356197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014003193,0.00010273026,0.004296511,0.000048872906,0.000033861987,0.000013212481,0.016597582,0.00003725412,0.0000056316967,0.0017326607,0.97672445,0.0002671796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018608369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011386573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16330615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000031862357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008890386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7525499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3031481612","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2020.30","title":"Coding culture: challenges and recommendations for comparative cultural databases","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Max-Planck-Institut für Menschheitsgeschichte; Templeton Religion Trust","keywords":"Interoperability; Data science; Coding (social sciences); Cultural diversity; Data collection; Computer science; Population; Sociology; Social science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.35647239232062505,"score_gpt":0.44648497926725556,"score_spread":0.0900125869466305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3031481612","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25009918,0.11753975,0.002389686,0.33780974,0.0015870268,0.0038293719,0.00062484824,0.0012813691,0.28483903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920681,0.0018085232,0.004218402,0.00052420836,0.0006067214,0.000039740047,0.000080361875,0.0000027988353,0.0006511363],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988918,0.0001274017,0.0001480001,0.0003284575,0.0002609716,0.0002433912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950933,0.00010148587,0.00008025739,0.00004917807,0.00012485393,0.00013491596],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031830234,0.00009745515,0.00012713278,0.000027805088,0.002907674,0.00007985552,0.00021036454,0.00003383373,0.00014063019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001747101,0.0000743943,0.000043363598,0.00020745792,0.0008665256,0.0011589293,0.000055772398,0.000070015456,0.000015059148],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008966128,0.00003125841,0.00023981516,0.000016957498,0.0000140427765,6.123265e-7,0.14232844,0.000006808502,0.0009914025,0.7343695,0.12060099,0.0013911998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038865051,0.00026934175,0.004905702,0.000052975865,0.000028372038,0.0000035363835,0.32522342,0.0005545503,0.00009371557,0.007256057,0.66087466,0.00034900455],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019589502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006845126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7419689,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046916222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000638504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033701264","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2020.0090","title":"The evolution of high-fidelity social learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Social learning; Cultural transmission in animals; Sociocultural evolution; Feature (linguistics); Contrast (vision); Observational learning; Adaptive learning; Information transmission","score_opus":0.031098156682462602,"score_gpt":0.27415701850680196,"score_spread":0.24305886182433936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033701264","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98193616,0.0002860361,0.000026418611,0.009520311,0.0000801055,0.00014961563,0.0000019521265,0.000044444638,0.007954978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99916077,0.000060769024,0.00015340939,0.00014829132,0.00028000717,0.0000045611855,2.1887747e-7,0.000001377483,0.00019058486],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987568,0.00005926031,0.00021389201,0.00019874197,0.0004972379,0.0002740319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993115,0.00010786188,0.00028906504,0.000019843152,0.00021979149,0.000051928713],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015118838,0.00007472965,0.00013721711,0.000002945611,0.0026930925,0.00005978249,0.0007624358,0.0001215809,0.000038573842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012241364,0.000032377302,0.00023452406,0.0006288892,0.002668956,0.00011876188,0.0001983982,0.00018524248,0.0000027450328],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007692652,0.00008972218,0.27419537,0.000052414285,0.0000629243,5.295389e-8,0.06387641,0.00009315303,0.035028726,0.6059678,0.010848177,0.009708305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055067026,0.0008937334,0.44364572,0.00006344394,0.000078630794,3.9187017e-7,0.4699067,0.003890142,0.0057188612,0.059951212,0.014743869,0.00055665406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002021165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001828788,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5460166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008882692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007618981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99860525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034134893","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.01966","title":"The Typology of Polysemy: A Multilingual Distributional Framework","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Polysemy; Typology; Linguistics; Sociology; Computer science; Philosophy; Anthropology","score_opus":0.08987604397150703,"score_gpt":0.2500565397885815,"score_spread":0.16018049581707447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034134893","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743634,0.00060088455,0.009902575,0.002837626,0.0011140862,0.00038075424,0.00016441656,0.00014139629,0.010494897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981575,0.0002937031,0.000080104495,0.000061597595,0.00032142794,4.6665966e-7,0.0000363581,0.000004831199,0.0010440372],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989902,0.00023455571,0.0001270384,0.0003175068,0.0000982994,0.0002323985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990849,0.00025134961,0.00018621824,0.00022157254,0.00015591485,0.000100078076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002035016,0.00011409652,0.00016599624,0.000021166079,0.0005073523,0.000026457887,0.000567231,0.0003400774,0.000131276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005759498,0.00009395784,0.00017287275,0.0002758463,0.0006156379,0.00005529312,0.00034611518,0.0004692107,0.000038431666],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000788706,0.00003256583,0.0022948906,0.000014219443,0.000087006796,0.000039988732,0.004338013,0.0006990974,0.00003827819,0.9911273,0.0006039196,0.00064582424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073700503,0.0001314046,0.012472451,0.00020582414,0.0004520328,0.000002307407,0.047369026,0.006404022,0.0003774904,0.8909825,0.03992952,0.00093642034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025347008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001149074,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10014483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016319305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035677638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3902195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036043197","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2020.35","title":"Where innovations flourish: an ethnographic and archaeological overview of hunter–gatherer learning contexts","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Hunter-gatherer; Ethnography; Sociology; Archaeology; Anthropology; History; Psychology","score_opus":0.16416672854862968,"score_gpt":0.4381719528024277,"score_spread":0.27400522425379803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036043197","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.001444484,0.99353206,0.000014504871,0.0003078875,0.0001277387,0.000429468,0.000016452834,0.00010331798,0.004024078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.010364787,0.98816967,0.00028228687,0.000047695194,0.00038360633,0.00004038045,0.00005270267,0.000011475406,0.0006474043],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99667823,0.00106334,0.00059477077,0.00059508055,0.000693276,0.00037527125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882495,0.00017981991,0.00049598044,0.00015007274,0.00018433345,0.00016485796],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011879978,0.0002722833,0.00083815865,0.00023922056,0.0020251344,0.00008256978,0.00068133563,0.00030117767,0.0005969632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027751594,0.00019957585,0.0002374914,0.001775719,0.003459137,0.0006601287,0.00019921098,0.00051070517,0.00002066476],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005568192,0.00019953774,0.0046443734,0.0037214735,0.00013357218,0.000028957737,0.028724562,0.000007730895,0.000010027379,0.26430506,0.0028424615,0.6953767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007424421,0.000255811,0.0013613558,0.0024812517,0.000103407736,0.000012148863,0.005120579,0.000013803746,6.0705865e-8,0.0030108008,0.98725605,0.00031047457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00094487943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015009758,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9844136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008185415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004621585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992741},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3039582447","doi":"10.1075/cilt.351.03ano","title":"A multi-dimensional approach to classification of Iran’s languages","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series 4, Current issues in linguistic theory","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.09502546244655026,"score_gpt":0.37113898539720075,"score_spread":0.2761135229506505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3039582447","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0030329863,0.18781398,0.00013425702,0.00020428067,0.008112136,0.0016666863,0.0001029494,0.00009017797,0.79884255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91139024,0.0031915961,0.001604339,0.0002094274,0.0017185208,0.00007677247,0.00002825778,0.00004455591,0.081736274],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964509,0.00071450515,0.0008570253,0.0006961037,0.00089057436,0.00039088464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969816,0.0013556735,0.00055377017,0.0004616191,0.0005338025,0.0001135424],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0074496362,0.0003868866,0.0008261261,0.00039503907,0.0003565914,0.000024616245,0.0010148853,0.00015327525,0.0000703451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.016929422,0.00029217993,0.00012250271,0.0002726043,0.008979087,0.00009371,0.00032113685,0.00048112584,0.000011202915],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021918498,0.00007584522,0.000011418306,0.0002670456,0.00002468959,0.0000097122565,0.3526163,0.0000053954022,0.000043673997,0.64544255,0.00028113963,0.0010030224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007379929,0.0003926278,0.00032538048,0.0028368947,0.00035589904,0.000012060988,0.18271494,0.000044987024,0.000017117736,0.5368656,0.27469677,0.0009997493],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017156416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00026889937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90835726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006210223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045674152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3041776900","doi":"10.1111/cogs.12878","title":"Modeling a Cognitive Transition at the Origin of Cultural Evolution Using Autocatalytic Networks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Acheulean; Sociocultural evolution; Cognitive science; Mental representation; Representation (politics); Cognition; Set (abstract data type); Action (physics); TRACE (psycholinguistics); Psychology; Social learning; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Sociology; Geography; Linguistics; Knowledge management; Anthropology; Archaeology; Neuroscience; Philosophy","score_opus":0.08519760449627542,"score_gpt":0.3673055065372151,"score_spread":0.2821079020409397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3041776900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81521994,0.0014394457,0.17824768,0.00046752568,0.00059246004,0.0010954925,0.00009787126,0.00008625528,0.0027533234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99892974,0.00011597734,0.000089867455,0.00017349851,0.00046805755,0.00003538361,0.000093113355,0.000010421892,0.00008396458],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971668,0.0002986639,0.0003356426,0.00069588475,0.0009972706,0.0005057321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99780387,0.00013057663,0.0002624987,0.00013530323,0.0015024554,0.00016528931],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011280432,0.00023747474,0.00028096253,0.00008359315,0.0017849655,0.00018336774,0.00050672184,0.0002099039,0.0000717369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010375137,0.00016977687,0.00018654227,0.0011588013,0.0029458415,0.000665945,0.00040223513,0.0005241809,0.000021731257],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00072538044,0.00025421177,0.000435001,0.00039555292,0.00030260626,0.000049846814,0.58373386,0.36370897,0.019826403,0.010352685,0.00012635051,0.020089172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033805936,0.000045402034,0.00041131853,0.0011935208,0.0003521468,0.000006018717,0.093432024,0.9011194,0.0006683847,0.0020188873,0.000008463659,0.00040634576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00455262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011466269,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53741044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008409637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011791013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99976754},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3045564247","doi":"10.1086/715217","title":"Reflexivity, Functional Reference, and Modularity: Alternative Targets for Language Origins","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of compositionality; Modularity (biology); Computer science; Cognitive science; Reflexivity; Modular design; Natural language; Bridge (graph theory); Linguistics; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Sociology; Philosophy; Programming language; Evolutionary biology; Biology","score_opus":0.08427628827309662,"score_gpt":0.3690886427042262,"score_spread":0.28481235443112957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3045564247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88207036,0.0011208282,0.0012661087,0.0058707157,0.000531671,0.00027259171,0.00007095578,0.000051303712,0.10874546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973735,0.000050626142,0.0016508237,0.00016537176,0.00028994356,0.000008352538,0.000008779434,0.0000022727768,0.00045032933],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989747,0.000034206576,0.00009726181,0.0002570461,0.00044749927,0.00018932145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932736,0.000047564034,0.000064038286,0.000097608885,0.00037402206,0.00008942629],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048448457,0.000058063208,0.00009603277,0.000050727973,0.0005595891,0.000044398774,0.00016146207,0.0000346102,0.00006403072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034425544,0.00004950146,0.00003105147,0.000407279,0.0011828662,0.0005046079,0.000064378924,0.00005940118,0.00000384454],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001406496,0.00004848132,0.0002646357,0.000017147042,0.0000071177424,0.0000040072273,0.008199145,0.0000056721788,0.04049841,0.9467997,0.00007699792,0.004064611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008457684,0.00016106245,0.011175729,0.000081992075,0.0000366108,0.000009417292,0.011353447,0.0005225839,0.05592265,0.90033066,0.019146226,0.00041387524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00058041053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002972975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11530314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000079777135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002503818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.435832},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048583774","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x20000151","title":"The blind men and the elephant: What is missing cognitively in the study of cumulative technological evolution","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Autism; Cognition; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Key (lock); Social cognition; Social cognitive theory; Cognitive science; Developmental psychology; Computer science; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.09173486439459598,"score_gpt":0.3760820055108845,"score_spread":0.2843471411162885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3048583774","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39236504,0.0022325327,0.0000021999072,0.6040552,0.00004956605,0.0008685294,0.000005149723,0.000013476229,0.00040830573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97377247,0.00031217432,0.000008105419,0.025411677,0.00025191726,0.000045345383,0.0000024341684,0.000002652653,0.00019320674],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99737674,0.0010249385,0.00023017924,0.00033219805,0.0007672886,0.00026867833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998835,0.0007921297,0.00019321621,0.00008762726,0.000069604735,0.000022416822],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021392873,0.00014055833,0.00020429873,0.00004288527,0.0020931996,0.0006440319,0.0005518711,0.00018086212,0.000009253726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019274883,0.00005191858,0.000045994475,0.00068086735,0.005363232,0.00043915308,0.00011456481,0.00052385655,9.794798e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018433983,0.00027738418,0.0056805415,0.000019594736,0.00003353726,0.000093471266,0.71276474,4.6690099e-7,0.00014667335,0.0028057946,0.068922736,0.20907074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010321372,0.0004431552,0.008840301,0.00009966128,0.00010248978,0.0000068773634,0.9548829,0.000073224604,0.000010598637,0.009765618,0.024525821,0.00021721004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034000014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010005613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5814075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002655363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000073322655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99920595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048959515","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x20000230","title":"A cognitive transition underlying both technological and social aspects of cumulative culture","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Cognition; Transition (genetics); Psychology; Cognitive science; Cognitive skill; Cognitive psychology; Social life; Sociology; Social science; Neuroscience; Biology","score_opus":0.1293083577960066,"score_gpt":0.38456497146235974,"score_spread":0.2552566136663531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3048959515","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23486114,0.0006095677,0.00007864696,0.7601416,0.00007580135,0.0004774647,0.00010459308,0.00011295852,0.003538237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94695985,0.000045035165,0.00009858957,0.05215731,0.00037693005,0.000011235623,0.000045847617,0.0000044861576,0.0003006986],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985081,0.00019831963,0.00015660618,0.00038357082,0.00049565156,0.00025773386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966073,0.00007112104,0.00013807473,0.000024003026,0.00006681,0.000039279174],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024777628,0.00015623591,0.00025284002,0.000055534416,0.0010256012,0.00012494554,0.00014453488,0.00045678508,0.00004175916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056328507,0.00010733723,0.00006667216,0.0003597599,0.0032456634,0.00029315706,0.00004046646,0.0004689597,0.0000013865762],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008483515,0.00025114187,0.0009720412,0.00034537743,0.00008339275,0.0007098456,0.63762337,3.6962734e-7,0.011176971,0.029860634,0.19620158,0.12269048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00194559,0.002882792,0.007814292,0.000907927,0.00083923124,0.00004485124,0.6402834,0.00009187538,0.0004965003,0.0682473,0.27392742,0.0025187908],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007098882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024062433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7120987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026779415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009183747,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99946696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3091866587","doi":"10.22148/001c.17585","title":"Divergence and the Complexity of Difference in Text and Culture","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Divergence (linguistics); Operationalization; Metaphor; Rhetorical question; Darwin (ADL); Function (biology); Epistemology; Computer science; Linguistics; Construal level theory; Sociology; Philosophy; Social science; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.06567579411856664,"score_gpt":0.3085290246590696,"score_spread":0.24285323054050298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3091866587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798921,0.002361003,0.00004048786,0.016828319,0.00003919198,0.000063182895,0.0000027239214,0.000002690697,0.0007703457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973534,0.0018772187,0.00013687971,0.00024921715,0.0001188617,1.4578309e-7,3.4938975e-7,9.111364e-7,0.0002630179],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992983,0.00010695317,0.00022393854,0.000053859716,0.00023239969,0.0000845539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947774,0.000034736404,0.00020923931,0.00002493979,0.00017432478,0.00007901432],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022458252,0.00005419886,0.00018815049,0.000010627113,0.00011451368,0.000034992616,0.00013325944,0.000037345137,0.000026442203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033995943,0.000024184437,0.000051349532,0.00019357582,0.00080418953,0.0001733278,0.000036730366,0.00015294949,4.7764496e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005552588,0.00008494874,0.067922994,0.000108642314,0.00015843178,0.000039852654,0.77556413,0.00010760256,0.0071424753,0.13355733,0.0056492486,0.00910907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006828574,0.0006781253,0.4780393,0.00040503006,0.00052768417,0.000095259245,0.4243494,0.006300847,0.0008228703,0.063211806,0.01808647,0.00065466034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040916508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00066385296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41011629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000164406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021704123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.296307},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3095277012","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.00543","title":"Semantic coordinates analysis reveals language changes in the AI field","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Viewpoints; Computer science; Field (mathematics); Semantic analysis (machine learning); Artificial intelligence; Semantic field; Natural language processing; Linguistics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.05917273803078023,"score_gpt":0.23991367055988763,"score_spread":0.1807409325291074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3095277012","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97016895,0.0004121567,0.001437493,0.013329396,0.00016433024,0.00042454535,0.000020371048,0.00011052606,0.01393222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947724,0.00031631737,0.000007746828,0.0014850623,0.00018358337,0.0000014246655,0.00003709064,0.0000047918784,0.0031916029],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987,0.00042711577,0.00009842324,0.00041598908,0.00011115971,0.00024731088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930656,0.00015286557,0.00011239678,0.0003036052,0.000058081874,0.00006650598],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039475388,0.00014190513,0.00025909732,0.00014567185,0.0002158528,0.00008577657,0.00070537167,0.00022760835,0.0004173927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017532369,0.00011423067,0.00019721528,0.0014523135,0.000087595974,0.00010632728,0.00021904118,0.00043733994,0.000041806736],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002063357,0.00038938047,0.19779417,0.00049662933,0.0023307947,0.0048708455,0.49416432,0.022375548,0.00063369295,0.24915618,0.023137726,0.0044443985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020364725,0.00038769844,0.10001729,0.00075026124,0.009460372,0.0000045365578,0.6974896,0.04255037,0.00061229814,0.12836312,0.014575573,0.0037523855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018181875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06255908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20332533,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000105167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005679239,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9883561},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3099434687","doi":"10.18653/v1/2020.conll-1.26","title":"“LazImpa”: Lazy and Impatient neural agents learn to communicate efficiently","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Microsoft Research","keywords":"Zipf's law; Computer science; Channel (broadcasting); Artificial neural network; Natural (archaeology); Artificial intelligence; Theoretical computer science; Computer network; Mathematics","score_opus":0.07412707764797923,"score_gpt":0.3617043061144944,"score_spread":0.2875772284665152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3099434687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94155073,0.0004472285,0.00006094733,0.013596413,0.00048377112,0.00073806115,0.000020157318,0.00020487542,0.04289783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99372905,0.00015180679,0.00023082568,0.0021816555,0.00017935477,0.0000232776,0.00004815867,0.000010961462,0.0034449245],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99845564,0.00026400367,0.00020771025,0.00034879512,0.00037378588,0.0003500796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913466,0.00003355438,0.000090560585,0.00030036483,0.00008169273,0.00035914654],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026579184,0.00017030892,0.00022097085,0.00003678443,0.000430851,0.00021881668,0.0005253008,0.0001709886,0.00032587428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017879148,0.00013368858,0.00009079419,0.00016710836,0.0001221112,0.00007312595,0.0013616827,0.00040173728,0.00017020744],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019237693,0.00040626866,0.0096265515,0.00027103428,0.0002330643,0.000070478854,0.7387708,0.0034015384,0.001130815,0.016189946,0.120550126,0.10915704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022653644,0.0010329854,0.09749852,0.0005553552,0.00040488355,0.0000063868047,0.18785125,0.018556532,0.00038695656,0.005929301,0.6815768,0.0039356877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012890311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043782853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56102663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012899301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007914938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9936829},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3102964188","doi":"10.1101/513929","title":"Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in Northeast Asia","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Grammar; Parallels; Population; Phonology; Style (visual arts); Linguistics; Lexicon; Genetic variation; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Geography; Sociology; Demography","score_opus":0.029977696393102927,"score_gpt":0.26457265942215835,"score_spread":0.23459496302905541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3102964188","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970397,0.0012085033,0.0000979687,0.00013408579,0.00068936346,0.00060672296,0.00005360384,0.000117455165,0.00005259956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980386,0.0009172219,0.0005027631,0.000028472368,0.00031329572,0.00015635899,8.2445723e-7,0.000025907897,0.000016538645],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99815327,0.00021646649,0.0003523966,0.00052072026,0.00030003535,0.00045708494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992043,0.000049142585,0.00018002834,0.00031342215,0.00015065754,0.000102472375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049965543,0.00024582417,0.00029241803,0.00014725394,0.00022612861,0.00023004726,0.0002310021,0.0003112645,0.000017536844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021203789,0.0002447076,0.00005418928,0.0005650081,0.00011386501,0.0005859675,0.00018095484,0.00049568934,0.00003570615],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005406864,0.0002445815,0.76312053,0.00043752053,0.00008391624,0.00014100762,0.10913746,0.0029473326,0.12013701,0.0035208606,0.00004234165,0.00013336031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032049298,0.000008211538,0.9929847,0.00024061422,0.000016087462,7.619594e-9,0.0048904535,0.0005001844,0.00041009198,0.000001979499,0.0002755234,0.00035161537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012170451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0057203886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22986421,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041576993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022990492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124859436","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.273637","title":"Encephalization and Division of Labor by Early Humans","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Division of labour; Comparative advantage; Division (mathematics); Economics; Encephalization; Economic geography; Geography; Labour economics; Brain size; International trade; Market economy","score_opus":0.023882247870166216,"score_gpt":0.2873594897573301,"score_spread":0.26347724188716387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3124859436","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924351,0.0006383661,0.00093854073,0.00041616545,0.00008273711,0.0002590847,0.0001135534,0.000019357656,0.0050971224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99232435,0.0017500379,0.00030990152,0.000016091324,0.000040772273,1.7321733e-7,0.00008196069,0.000005399807,0.005471315],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99862236,0.00020572732,0.0001344952,0.0002863435,0.0005169114,0.0002341606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991028,0.00007593413,0.00018712485,0.00017284996,0.0003443483,0.00011694303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000711837,0.000108288135,0.00023592585,0.00013791409,0.00034060527,0.000025293175,0.00034722258,0.00029420186,0.0006747185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054479075,0.00012365924,0.00007882369,0.0002442978,0.00056959165,0.0003330458,0.00030911778,0.0002236238,0.00001467897],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022231668,0.00050585123,0.13489951,0.0010080906,0.0003001402,0.0000977849,0.67988825,0.000072497336,0.02471135,0.023976889,0.017617729,0.11669961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019537278,0.00052379724,0.7397332,0.0007597777,0.00023253539,0.0000011860137,0.20591515,0.00032773463,0.0027217593,0.0021888432,0.044553254,0.0010889992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04333958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010565395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6048337,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008269319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011610505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9630309},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127960017","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2021.7","title":"Children and innovation: play, play objects and object play in cultural evolution","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"University of Cambridge; Wenner-Gren Foundation","keywords":"Object (grammar); Niche construction; Cognitive science; Cultural transmission in animals; Exaptation; Cognition; Perspective (graphical); Epistemology; Sociocultural evolution; Sociology; Psychology; Computer science; Evolutionary biology; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Anthropology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.05260384144225874,"score_gpt":0.38072804214218664,"score_spread":0.32812420069992787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3127960017","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.014466945,0.9766965,0.0000036620254,0.000112228416,0.00035663124,0.00078349625,0.000052772903,0.00009151361,0.007436251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.034128472,0.96187997,0.00022796297,0.00005258587,0.0011331108,0.00008325034,0.00036767303,0.000017528826,0.0021094668],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959797,0.00070907496,0.0007484316,0.0010098438,0.0009002073,0.000652717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988591,0.00018553343,0.00042324475,0.00019651624,0.00020011229,0.00013547808],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014440302,0.00043598775,0.0008991814,0.00075434294,0.002633489,0.00037278375,0.0004846854,0.00045613226,0.00017215328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000422541,0.00034049258,0.00014234187,0.003964895,0.0019313756,0.0014265833,0.00024362991,0.00049966824,0.000022314112],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001605947,0.00050875824,0.021958726,0.0024910236,0.000336503,0.00014287658,0.058444344,0.000036485304,0.00003811759,0.6248944,0.041418757,0.24971399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012575923,0.0004380681,0.123441756,0.016548304,0.0005257111,0.0006853335,0.022822991,0.000025242298,0.0000014427355,0.0073077,0.82360476,0.0033410646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002448398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034510975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78218603,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006289242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011268756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3131632996","doi":"","title":"L’émergence de la parole : la piste des vocalisations de singes","year":2021,"lang":"fr","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Art; Philosophy","score_opus":0.017850142460703388,"score_gpt":0.2676243155493447,"score_spread":0.2497741730886413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3131632996","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62890667,0.010869061,0.074366674,0.01671769,0.00031566032,0.0003297746,0.000051282503,0.00025685763,0.26818636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91552883,0.00722559,0.037132096,0.00015997559,0.00009457111,0.00007483491,0.00022068672,0.00003253911,0.03953089],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9755841,0.02220847,0.00045511159,0.0006543606,0.00047946174,0.0006185062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942602,0.0024490193,0.00039372285,0.0009877455,0.0015630716,0.00034622557],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00944021,0.00032165585,0.00032598394,0.00007044722,0.0015163203,0.0008195793,0.0010664301,0.00056794303,0.0009035454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004014058,0.00034582822,0.0003044179,0.0009320935,0.001836041,0.00036397311,0.0005955189,0.00072352635,0.00006063934],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008323635,0.00085121096,0.010594927,0.00019321978,0.00013351497,0.000031645097,0.38157707,0.00046466928,0.010561851,0.47801283,0.0014782621,0.116092466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013465652,0.0000024373953,0.15051107,0.010068094,0.0006999167,0.00018891483,0.066768475,0.024700355,0.061659392,0.08717984,0.5940997,0.0027752537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.035750177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036542676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59262145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006444557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011366917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3138372311","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0201","title":"Comparing prehistoric constructed languages: world-building and its role in understanding prehistoric languages","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Prehistory; History; Linguistics; Theme (computing); Computer science; Anthropology; Archaeology; Sociology; Philosophy; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.08172990316173966,"score_gpt":0.31190989098512917,"score_spread":0.2301799878233895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3138372311","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96347094,0.008313617,0.0012539087,0.0064405273,0.0003000538,0.00030659582,0.000012479124,0.00010677447,0.019795094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99885064,0.00021517454,0.00049422146,0.0000925154,0.00011775649,0.0000085909805,0.0000011264995,0.0000030825897,0.00021689384],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99847424,0.00030509534,0.00023494336,0.00032441583,0.00034768617,0.0003136315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941087,0.00026685678,0.00009170798,0.00008867716,0.000051353614,0.00009052767],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005521339,0.00011708584,0.00022584308,0.000033109405,0.0010653196,0.000046095825,0.00031679505,0.00014218377,0.00018502025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019424871,0.00007517344,0.00017992035,0.0011442195,0.0010201114,0.00014675841,0.000044544104,0.00029177492,0.0000011483621],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007635777,0.0007674,0.13276842,0.00016576731,0.00019113041,0.00002016177,0.04222177,0.0038232612,0.029363696,0.7858985,0.00015648076,0.004547069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040668,0.00068008783,0.1438183,0.0012681829,0.0004365013,0.000050570394,0.35690543,0.03346239,0.008997539,0.44268486,0.0046582394,0.0029711025],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00086221745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007557539,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34321362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003553024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009537726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8193685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3139100478","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0192","title":"The vocal tract as a time machine: inferences about past speech and language from the anatomy of the speech organs","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Universiteit Leiden; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Vocal tract; Variation (astronomy); Articulation (sociology); Context (archaeology); Linguistics; Speech production; Meaning (existential); Osteology; Vowel; Computer science; Psychology; History; Anatomy; Speech recognition; Biology; Archaeology; Politics","score_opus":0.021071702401864918,"score_gpt":0.2956261359120262,"score_spread":0.2745544335101613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3139100478","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91114706,0.0022181582,0.00008100502,0.08265532,0.00021464375,0.00027308948,0.0000896617,0.000031193973,0.0032898558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981602,0.00050951843,0.00015925053,0.0005835345,0.00024585542,0.0000076163033,0.0000024014353,0.0000030490664,0.00032856845],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99772173,0.000698425,0.00028849603,0.00030551213,0.0006775732,0.00030826224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99822694,0.0011691488,0.0001569556,0.0002544157,0.000113160524,0.00007937116],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010546333,0.00014600088,0.00020759218,0.0000047454955,0.0028110414,0.000120570054,0.0011425704,0.00020279778,0.0005705648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048256235,0.00004984417,0.00042171733,0.0008040196,0.0051025185,0.00009907762,0.000096567,0.00044898648,0.000007469279],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003437729,0.0037774688,0.288616,0.00010204806,0.0016267064,0.000033720906,0.1519703,0.0008022701,0.05816465,0.17830642,0.003460538,0.31279612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014702483,0.00073860213,0.50311995,0.00033818054,0.00060756423,0.000052718144,0.10559262,0.004291496,0.01782731,0.3505794,0.014152417,0.001229457],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0055069206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001004907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31156665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003520091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017870258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3149646430","doi":"10.82308/2885","title":"An investigation of the dual mechanism model of past tense formation : does the model apply to non-native speakers?","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Université du Québec à Montréal; McGill University","keywords":"Mechanism (biology); Past tense; Linguistics; Dual (grammatical number); Computer science; Epistemology; Philosophy; Verb","score_opus":0.023374002034402784,"score_gpt":0.2514054828210221,"score_spread":0.2280314807866193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3149646430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99131835,0.000006984799,0.00015308439,0.00047204748,0.00011317988,0.00072534493,0.00017370288,0.000047878224,0.0069894167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978401,0.000025935828,0.00096079207,0.0005428481,0.00004436635,0.000046658708,0.00001400935,0.000016263559,0.00050902367],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99788386,0.000369438,0.00040606636,0.0002644116,0.0007629484,0.0003132509],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862695,0.00006081624,0.0003341561,0.000365072,0.0004623069,0.00015067225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011659041,0.00017870883,0.00019427975,0.00006952751,0.0012336363,0.000038364895,0.00047959923,0.00015677488,0.000020564703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022629512,0.00009918823,0.0001249916,0.0006485063,0.00019739581,0.0014874256,0.0001039046,0.0002535915,0.000010630654],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085434636,0.00009381049,0.000089643116,0.000024908039,0.00003710409,0.0000013702855,0.008847718,0.024000965,0.4733354,0.47803366,0.000010807928,0.015439187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009841167,0.00022152055,0.0022576307,0.00018556089,0.00017788423,0.000008386552,0.0405909,0.1422431,0.3039067,0.5081207,0.0005948547,0.0007086192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013500646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0051984307,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16942869,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025629852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051449493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9488258},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3152678037","doi":"10.7202/1076193ar","title":"Boundary Conditions: Crossing Spatial Boundaries as a Matter of Mind","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Recherches sémiotiques","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biosemiotics; Embodied cognition; Cognitive science; Boundary (topology); Epistemology; Perception; Key (lock); Point (geometry); Computer science; Sociology; Communication; Psychology; Philosophy; Semiotics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.06791252118503877,"score_gpt":0.3942862075293523,"score_spread":0.3263736863443135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3152678037","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9072541,0.002317679,0.0003183383,0.004051446,0.00023961629,0.0001203492,0.000017495444,0.000052812546,0.08562818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788265,0.000112675145,0.0027868,0.00043621188,0.00027609424,0.0000073205465,0.000040445706,0.000009148815,0.017504787],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986059,0.0005581614,0.00020362242,0.00018107009,0.00023239072,0.00021883231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992774,0.00015688856,0.00009122769,0.0001320152,0.0002786349,0.00006379533],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005704807,0.000089788635,0.00016489343,0.000027735909,0.00082990003,0.0006025052,0.00010777612,0.00020291175,0.0027414076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008327441,0.00008210454,0.000096572236,0.00018754574,0.0011322817,0.00036803482,0.000037045986,0.000167504,0.0001306635],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013920286,0.0005675795,0.04684919,0.00028906245,0.00030075197,0.00017773868,0.6623702,0.0000035485705,0.13340302,0.052048005,0.030844245,0.073007464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005572283,0.00011901717,0.06874405,0.00048364574,0.00011845856,0.000047805548,0.060507704,0.000013734962,0.2601549,0.13055184,0.47803208,0.0006695072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017991547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012815401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6018625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023173967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017133486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3152747197","doi":"10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.234","title":"Linguistic Dependencies and Statistical Dependence","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Dependency (UML); Pointwise mutual information; Pointwise; Computer science; Context (archaeology); Natural language processing; ENCODE; Artificial intelligence; Simple (philosophy); Linguistics; Mathematics; Mutual information; Geography","score_opus":0.06719722973920086,"score_gpt":0.44821170864457643,"score_spread":0.38101447890537554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3152747197","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8854271,0.05347152,0.004001977,0.0060669654,0.0023649428,0.0017207322,0.000057504116,0.00020065837,0.046688594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89089835,0.0002990557,0.1077754,0.00020513088,0.00026651792,0.00003345385,0.0000069527714,0.0000188002,0.0004963257],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968927,0.00036521378,0.0005656108,0.0007877686,0.0008700239,0.000518674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978799,0.00049250055,0.0004842958,0.0001712188,0.0008284105,0.0001436615],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018928474,0.00035695918,0.00063928403,0.00012846048,0.00036814096,0.0005529243,0.0008518521,0.00049585034,0.0001389382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013341642,0.00024801394,0.00013084739,0.00059718365,0.0006588843,0.00024555536,0.0009597686,0.0019565737,0.0000010895079],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014906295,0.00023622983,0.0071284296,0.0020920632,0.00007269245,0.000065024244,0.2518945,0.000009264505,0.021324335,0.018744383,0.00009850261,0.6981855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026278005,0.00037990286,0.055977877,0.030537125,0.001220928,0.00013822176,0.6095311,0.05497144,0.060452744,0.17668968,0.0014277826,0.006045369],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009217671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00062889134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69214016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023097674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007049905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999972},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153429728","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2021.101384","title":"Three conceptions of nativism and the faculty of language","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Psychological nativism; Universal grammar; Linguistics; Evolvability; Lexicon; Grammar; Natural language; Computer science; Predicate (mathematical logic); Linguistic competence; Cognitive science; Psychology; Natural language processing; Philosophy","score_opus":0.028499637717148127,"score_gpt":0.34859402338610496,"score_spread":0.3200943856689568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3153429728","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9564259,0.004144181,0.00013784501,0.0015024772,0.00006882009,0.00010432525,0.000021723294,0.000017884351,0.03757682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981702,0.00006208111,0.0005518887,0.00009210908,0.000056142082,0.0000037116192,0.0000042917313,0.000001476126,0.0010581041],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991286,0.00012483039,0.00012911655,0.00012730264,0.00035498373,0.00013520202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995292,0.00015301089,0.0000971742,0.00009653847,0.00009353501,0.00003056926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006996328,0.00004892385,0.00012536143,0.000020799445,0.00032582646,0.000032964526,0.00019535758,0.000034001478,0.00031674755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005092116,0.000027353082,0.000052243566,0.00047071342,0.0021804997,0.0001621273,0.000052072784,0.00005171462,0.0000028850275],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012141332,0.000046098365,0.0023066448,0.000024001158,0.00002683657,0.00001294197,0.59718066,0.000006308105,0.039896287,0.34198117,0.00037717854,0.01812972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088192575,0.00004291337,0.014399061,0.000060863946,0.000042073712,0.0000075503617,0.95834583,0.000102305916,0.0193292,0.005304275,0.0013305504,0.00015342646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0073846844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013526509,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3611652,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008923324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000113843285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3155462286","doi":"10.1007/s11786-021-00507-2","title":"Phylogenetics of Indo-European Language Families via an Algebro-Geometric Analysis of Their Syntactic Structures","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematics in Computer Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Germanic languages; Historical linguistics; Slavic languages; Indo-European languages; Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Phylogenetic tree; Linguistics; Romance languages; Mathematics; Programming language; Biology; German","score_opus":0.018924533450030194,"score_gpt":0.29474559894213276,"score_spread":0.27582106549210256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3155462286","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9526787,0.00024198624,0.045761663,0.000014813619,0.00009664845,0.0000667934,0.000005828207,0.000015190031,0.0011184082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96736866,0.00003784052,0.032506216,0.000028690509,0.00003710322,7.318362e-7,0.0000035661683,0.0000038876,0.000013321485],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856585,0.00017347667,0.00030843465,0.00022289048,0.0005229132,0.0002064096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990065,0.00016292887,0.00019009743,0.0003551453,0.00022420999,0.000061137645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010322492,0.000086085405,0.00025825555,0.0004996823,0.00012768677,0.000061794795,0.00059196964,0.000033609078,0.00004336538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022220929,0.000066611305,0.00007704256,0.005725801,0.00044913977,0.00018794868,0.00016169038,0.00007017374,0.0000013836037],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000050057356,0.00078565744,0.014941196,0.00023028071,0.0002714411,0.00005675732,0.58959436,0.008727303,0.12080066,0.023366887,0.000013139601,0.24120733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069679663,0.00028650486,0.47327042,0.00023017036,0.0006225471,0.000020471423,0.12395271,0.2121317,0.16718167,0.020519175,0.00006939104,0.00101847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003049694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00094444695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46564165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049343238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010459982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27510577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3155517489","doi":"10.7202/1076191ar","title":"From Ethological Linguistics to Animal Linguistics and Ecolinguistics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Recherches sémiotiques","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biosemiotics; Perspective (graphical); Cognitive linguistics; Semiotics; Language and Communication Technologies; Context (archaeology); Cognitive science; Applied linguistics; Linguistics; Psychology; Cognition; Sociology; Ethology; Mainstream; Epistemology; Philosophy; Computer science; Neuroscience; Natural language; Comprehension approach","score_opus":0.14114057864035842,"score_gpt":0.42806688480026933,"score_spread":0.2869263061599109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3155517489","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5360712,0.004470745,0.0015348407,0.004263315,0.002890893,0.00048197014,0.00010754199,0.000770587,0.4494089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9072963,0.00073143834,0.0816072,0.00091563805,0.0067159305,0.000006046276,0.000030945972,0.000015881844,0.0026806453],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982915,0.0005856649,0.00021959846,0.00035065744,0.00022705432,0.00032552268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99780864,0.0007803567,0.000055136014,0.00017090091,0.0009296716,0.00025529365],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00080098776,0.00014076302,0.00022380582,0.000025310144,0.00028195002,0.0001570263,0.00015297746,0.0003731208,0.00012837614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.10370646,0.00012882284,0.000055132015,0.000211146,0.00014973585,0.00001479938,0.00012103798,0.0003376621,0.00004213116],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017866984,0.00047585784,0.015816102,0.00009378568,0.00015961888,0.0010625507,0.2049074,0.000018893246,0.008945525,0.713912,0.033937663,0.020491902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023396277,0.00017472272,0.010548194,0.00013003974,0.000106816755,0.0000036047709,0.015112419,0.00010155106,0.007952142,0.08456869,0.8804584,0.00060943444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003918759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004181055,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8465208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024815736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032845128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9038434},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158292837","doi":"10.24908/iqurcp.9090","title":"8. Why is it so Challenging for Adults to Acquire a Second Language?: An Evolutionary Perspective","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Inquiry Queen s Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Darwin (ADL); Perspective (graphical); Language acquisition; Sociocultural evolution; Trait; Natural selection; Constructed language; Psychology; Linguistics; Selection (genetic algorithm); Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Computer science; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Anthropology","score_opus":0.09852961164892521,"score_gpt":0.4213781967252119,"score_spread":0.32284858507628666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158292837","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36460105,0.00052118476,0.0038610648,0.60797954,0.00035150372,0.0031818312,0.00013505462,0.00043743322,0.018931322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872946,0.0003599012,0.0006654371,0.0015409954,0.001147631,0.00044994344,0.000010041809,0.000035344747,0.008496074],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99599594,0.00016082343,0.0002998113,0.00093020644,0.0012909466,0.0013222933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99488795,0.00025404495,0.000098936755,0.00021593246,0.0039170263,0.0006260823],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016443988,0.00026038667,0.00027643514,0.00036077967,0.0017388558,0.0004814735,0.0007844156,0.00024003549,0.0007295405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014606954,0.00019437159,0.00012184467,0.0007644333,0.00096210075,0.002013962,0.00020340612,0.0002882608,0.0001782877],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003561902,0.00012002252,0.00014599752,0.00008970375,0.00005875759,0.000008145371,0.55485684,1.772739e-7,0.0089875115,0.27620396,0.14708397,0.012088747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010237014,0.00072287174,0.00025324232,0.0006424363,0.000015779862,0.00000552779,0.77106583,0.00014774303,0.0018663746,0.07466513,0.14901388,0.0005775054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005989726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003337052,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6226936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010922871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007144792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162190608","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0056","title":"The uses and abuses of tree thinking in cultural evolution","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":103,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetic comparative methods; Trait; Scope (computer science); Theme (computing); Epistemology; Unobservable; Big Five personality traits and culture; Tree of life (biology); Perspective (graphical); Comparative method; Sociology; Data science; Evolutionary biology; Computer science; Biology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology","score_opus":0.11546254668291273,"score_gpt":0.36912770446747106,"score_spread":0.25366515778455834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3162190608","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0013343482,0.99443984,0.00009561428,0.002620917,0.00022679531,0.00038753336,0.000020025254,0.000022507227,0.00085239677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.116609775,0.88297087,0.00015735636,0.0000261446,0.00013740767,0.000025502875,0.0000020372208,0.0000032699138,0.00006763494],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99738437,0.0008765339,0.00052248035,0.00034570732,0.0005446795,0.00032623432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840134,0.00097402604,0.000309252,0.00015401123,0.00010024465,0.00006110249],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014403015,0.00019811274,0.0006485462,0.000018959876,0.0019730348,0.00008084742,0.00087268074,0.00042020966,0.000037969494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041592697,0.00007975549,0.0008810931,0.0010650721,0.004712413,0.00012894967,0.00006596959,0.00047156948,8.0637443e-7],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001653391,0.00046647806,0.0011214347,0.0013884684,0.00034161753,0.000001756441,0.01032987,0.0001608852,0.00001755573,0.23642187,0.00012873282,0.7496048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011694881,0.001123681,0.00533189,0.026868539,0.0022932056,0.000034989083,0.070416465,0.0005973083,0.000041105624,0.30194828,0.58735764,0.0028173693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011102789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00050857966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7467874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013289279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023884435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993263},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162708316","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/d2h5c","title":"Why is scaling up models of language evolution hard?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen; Lorentz Center; Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences","keywords":"Artifact (error); Computer science; Scaling; Computational model; Face (sociological concept); Scale (ratio); Artificial intelligence; Resource (disambiguation); Computational complexity theory; Theoretical computer science; Algorithm; Mathematics; Sociology","score_opus":0.0274771200073386,"score_gpt":0.2972865535372728,"score_spread":0.2698094335299342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3162708316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7827361,0.0050902795,0.020572465,0.0048711477,0.0005079271,0.00015685664,0.000015576705,0.00016140394,0.18588825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98251545,0.000072825474,0.0007456249,0.0008715105,0.0001266159,0.000001922223,0.0000076512015,0.0000031320753,0.015655285],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993279,0.000068292175,0.00010413613,0.0001169759,0.00024137553,0.00014135127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996597,0.000014687273,0.00003419569,0.000096549964,0.00015070173,0.000044126402],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015184018,0.00004301501,0.00007775168,0.000016167789,0.00014454016,0.000023056054,0.000072925846,0.00006277349,0.0016170193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006388341,0.000035303066,0.00006429926,0.00022784775,0.000050357863,0.00028538678,0.000022241764,0.000041802632,0.000026552905],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002161934,0.00013504935,0.00081846403,0.000059345737,0.000072173214,0.000024733987,0.3898143,0.0003269224,0.08387339,0.36936554,0.1260885,0.029399969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001188992,0.00004156142,0.0024355298,0.00027134575,0.00012903471,0.000009176365,0.7623359,0.011293,0.116198875,0.047354367,0.0579596,0.0007826132],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012186035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030707563,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3725216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000061614664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082104416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99929565},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3163555896","doi":"10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.024","title":"How does hemispheric specialization contribute to human-defining cognition?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Neuron","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; McGill University Health Centre; Université de Montréal; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Cognitive science; Cognition; Neurocognitive; Parallels; Computer science; Embodied cognition; Cognitive psychology; Dual (grammatical number); Focus (optics); Flexibility (engineering); Psychology; Neuroscience; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.044060481011985925,"score_gpt":0.35850873054840326,"score_spread":0.31444824953641737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3163555896","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018229628,0.9872837,0.00005603154,0.00038524767,0.0007703594,0.0005360694,0.000046950398,0.00010756355,0.010795857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00012968402,0.98561317,0.000031342,0.00022333267,0.0014889041,0.00006301151,0.00055402,0.000023583181,0.011872976],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984195,0.00037521505,0.00021543854,0.0003528488,0.00035610716,0.0002808897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993234,0.000072066505,0.00018617317,0.00014707446,0.00015803693,0.00011324935],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016355028,0.00019342946,0.0005720647,0.000034169643,0.0005212037,0.0003823147,0.00018540608,0.00020880719,0.00045278438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00053088384,0.00014002738,0.00021753483,0.0005373979,0.000043099284,0.00017310405,0.000052098407,0.00017622947,0.000108104156],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.3483743e-7,0.000026513937,0.0000014996119,0.0008445356,0.000030755185,0.0000441793,0.0012902691,2.5965562e-7,0.000017454267,0.00807185,0.009631122,0.9800406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005543368,0.00001589626,0.0000032255336,0.0016834743,0.00021019582,0.0000020315308,0.0005581758,7.805529e-8,0.0000032762885,0.000057704074,0.99721265,0.00019786702],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015173627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008082592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9875815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014433569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013770824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57101506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165110767","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2021.640510","title":"Meaning and Measures: Interpreting and Evaluating Complexity Metrics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Communication","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognitive complexity; Computer science; Meaning (existential); Typology; Cognition; Interpretation (philosophy); Measure (data warehouse); Data science; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Data mining; Sociology","score_opus":0.0892936416304471,"score_gpt":0.3685644108391297,"score_spread":0.2792707692086826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3165110767","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8251886,0.059384577,0.013572251,0.0064118323,0.00039968424,0.00036981123,0.0000037891316,0.00013369558,0.09453577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93692964,0.0024541032,0.060351595,0.00010406747,0.000017439466,0.000004562235,0.000011351361,0.000003294123,0.00012393235],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988902,0.00062994525,0.00012022605,0.00010492184,0.00015470757,0.00009996555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995744,0.00011356042,0.00005717319,0.00014610679,0.000077373195,0.00003137665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010787143,0.000041402836,0.00008425535,0.000034214147,0.00040927192,0.00009240639,0.0001132645,0.00004780908,0.000012268396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013972463,0.000042168525,0.000011512078,0.00030872622,0.00015077571,0.00025782708,0.00011915045,0.00012681267,4.023939e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018042652,0.000036548026,0.20670892,0.000027200706,0.00002617791,0.000002140908,0.18783556,0.000012630989,0.00055786746,0.035887253,0.0021832504,0.5667044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013247627,0.000057049012,0.058290165,0.0006914587,0.00008968288,0.000009290667,0.71858823,0.045911215,0.0005579574,0.13551414,0.03834146,0.000624569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00075644755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023718048,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56607985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000083119645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042199903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.314783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165178716","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/kga47","title":"How Does Culture Evolve?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Novelty; Cognitive science; Cultural neuroscience; Sociocultural evolution; Process (computing); Cultural transmission in animals; Set (abstract data type); Cognition; Epistemology; Sociology; Computer science; Cultural analysis; Psychology; Social science; Social psychology; Anthropology; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.01633256076556949,"score_gpt":0.2910765078198599,"score_spread":0.2747439470542904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3165178716","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12866442,0.010091886,0.0012893562,0.046118874,0.0060873334,0.0009239738,0.000034647357,0.00090995495,0.8058796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6633149,0.00083620055,0.001356623,0.00032206898,0.0014116423,0.000020816435,0.000104601866,0.0000062092217,0.332627],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989235,0.00012353185,0.00007808876,0.00030065113,0.0003581129,0.00021615981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942255,0.0000094975085,0.00006390749,0.00020390165,0.0002120703,0.00008810159],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013830148,0.00012594687,0.0001564274,0.000014537704,0.00028400723,0.00074958126,0.00026833965,0.00042138653,0.0015686324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016071569,0.00006937978,0.00016402105,0.00010153119,0.00009028337,0.00021111417,0.0002277322,0.00032541357,0.000021448053],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011422392,0.00020396986,0.0019478104,0.00031847032,0.00036268207,0.00017760046,0.5337473,0.000020915832,0.003143481,0.10193904,0.31451187,0.04361545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011608681,0.000009091296,0.00060596346,0.0001284274,0.00007039428,0.000001036126,0.33875185,0.000015968957,0.0008144786,0.0071367715,0.65180117,0.00054872193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059798914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02650986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53465044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012254846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019668737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99934405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3171887433","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/y5n6z","title":"The Evolution and Ecology of Land Ownership","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Bantu languages; Land tenure; Subsistence agriculture; Ecology; Productivity; Geography; Resource (disambiguation); Agriculture; Economic geography; Economics; Biology; Economic growth","score_opus":0.019706978599273894,"score_gpt":0.2899815172600603,"score_spread":0.2702745386607864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3171887433","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9303431,0.0037112068,0.00009463514,0.0036117889,0.0005661861,0.00019198575,0.00000250427,0.000030538475,0.061448045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927528,0.00062093575,0.00006745084,0.000032787113,0.00015127736,0.0000069976995,0.000007679516,0.0000016582264,0.006358433],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936545,0.00019167013,0.00009424294,0.00011533969,0.000120911005,0.000112412104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996168,0.00009063307,0.0000716802,0.00009460743,0.00009816023,0.000028106706],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038808415,0.000046910565,0.000088931985,0.000010009265,0.00025190588,0.000051440325,0.000104529194,0.00017404083,0.00011113291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021099187,0.000025642323,0.00003835209,0.000051043513,0.00021088152,0.00003749437,0.00012952911,0.00012235409,0.000002078123],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006788047,0.00013095235,0.22662446,0.00026577647,0.00032219224,0.000018136903,0.13788487,0.00010371129,0.0009937133,0.5731453,0.009697641,0.0507454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056021055,0.00009078571,0.5530775,0.0001647211,0.0002037147,0.0000062066943,0.34696326,0.0003231729,0.0002734049,0.068216264,0.02949501,0.0006257733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018213421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12038122,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.504929,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008034282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019637111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9883244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3172137656","doi":"10.22148/001c.24911","title":"Can We Map Culture?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Imperfect; Appeal; Epistemology; Space (punctuation); Embodied cognition; Representation (politics); Domain (mathematical analysis); Ground truth; Computer science; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.02600725044092982,"score_gpt":0.31644482770217985,"score_spread":0.29043757726125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3172137656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60017484,0.03723183,0.0004139617,0.2519759,0.0054499367,0.00028046154,0.00003551678,0.00013028333,0.104307264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9426155,0.0029132138,0.00095784914,0.00060414383,0.0018667906,3.0458904e-7,0.000006827068,0.000005025896,0.051030315],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99876237,0.00011842265,0.00030383875,0.00008193862,0.0005205183,0.00021293339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984275,0.000020206075,0.00025197252,0.00007039038,0.0010518767,0.00017805793],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023870239,0.00008778679,0.00019573625,0.000025897081,0.00027760534,0.00013849592,0.00018635763,0.00009210371,0.0004440805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028385886,0.000052932737,0.00023516362,0.00032854828,0.00009387207,0.00035535905,0.00002243151,0.00022440414,0.0000284537],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007156629,0.00036684962,0.0026982934,0.00008902449,0.0007353576,0.0018037669,0.27524942,0.00045221706,0.02335372,0.08292771,0.58932835,0.022923738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039553258,0.00006750784,0.00038325504,0.00010120556,0.00018368625,0.00015148742,0.12474031,0.000030405008,0.0017083631,0.0072235144,0.8648054,0.00020933244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013262352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016398146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34244066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016756845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023192506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.486237},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177032252","doi":"","title":"The Boat and the Camera during the Darwin Expedition: Examining the Temporal and Spatial Constitution of Paradox","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Constitution; Darwin (ADL); Computer science; Art history; Computer graphics (images); Artificial intelligence; History; Law; Political science","score_opus":0.013375282792485786,"score_gpt":0.2397007648886257,"score_spread":0.22632548209613992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3177032252","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7988902,0.011309236,0.010187717,0.10285482,0.00075623597,0.0017106486,0.000069769536,0.00011845672,0.074102916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99526113,0.0022667754,0.00010531206,0.00005763132,0.0001391279,0.00007547893,0.000020780579,0.0000062375493,0.0020675065],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99295413,0.005862777,0.00029984344,0.00027627614,0.00039735317,0.00020960963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957156,0.002494649,0.00043902054,0.00073179934,0.0005660097,0.000052879204],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0066866092,0.0001476114,0.00016881607,0.000020090614,0.002920712,0.00041148404,0.00069262605,0.00012221708,0.000042856835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015569958,0.00006198637,0.00007633943,0.00012344056,0.003566764,0.0001318829,0.0006031035,0.00033942083,0.0000024360274],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010042279,0.00007430445,0.0055094,0.00007494746,0.00013868185,0.0000029283449,0.25963736,0.000007642045,0.0009814863,0.6326704,0.0011931771,0.099609286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011374819,0.0000074718996,0.29859766,0.010353039,0.0009894568,0.0001678278,0.23703213,0.007397365,0.026570357,0.1376973,0.26681152,0.0030010743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011417541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01474948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4949731,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058118763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018349284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177285180","doi":"10.1057/s41599-021-00829-3","title":"Is there more to human social learning than enhanced facilitation? Prolonged learning and its impact on culture","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Thomas University","funders":"","keywords":"Social learning; Cultural learning; Experiential learning; Facilitation; Social facilitation; Informal learning; Context (archaeology); Creativity; Learning sciences; Apprenticeship; Scholarship; Psychology; Formal learning; Sociology; Social psychology; Pedagogy; Political science","score_opus":0.09688211179631316,"score_gpt":0.4097385183369366,"score_spread":0.3128564065406234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3177285180","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.941118,0.0012726526,0.0000050277026,0.007377219,0.000024524756,0.0001865044,0.000012528168,0.00007235532,0.049931213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899655,0.00041523538,0.0000503222,0.00047416487,0.0001401618,0.000031865555,0.00003116538,0.0000051174547,0.008886478],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985725,0.0004940559,0.00013639775,0.00021697998,0.0003153134,0.00026474692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948657,0.00009021979,0.00008493917,0.00007873301,0.00021661387,0.00004294887],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004163528,0.00011252141,0.00014356711,0.000040790044,0.0139147965,0.0004242007,0.00029086106,0.00009316373,0.00018601303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012214355,0.00009266363,0.00006720859,0.00030389085,0.0007411471,0.0003148175,0.00016155619,0.00028891454,0.000009816767],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004738317,0.000035240988,0.0012378872,0.000009311705,0.000020126985,4.8879394e-7,0.8931917,0.0000061261057,0.0017279813,0.10130498,0.00042198584,0.0020394202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021399358,0.00021123326,0.034595035,0.0000367003,0.000026710373,7.657324e-7,0.9049501,0.000058577538,0.0001237678,0.002058106,0.057429615,0.0002953879],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00087485655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00507973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.099246874,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000081695885,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009542568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98736894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3183146382","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2021.675172","title":"Aping Language: Historical Perspectives on the Quest for Semantics, Syntax, and Other Rarefied Properties of Human Language in the Communication of Primates and Other Animals","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Semantics (computer science); Syntax; Human language; Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive science; Human communication; Communication; Computer science; Programming language; Philosophy","score_opus":0.08271354417102064,"score_gpt":0.40403778664795165,"score_spread":0.32132424247693103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3183146382","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005344698,0.9919215,0.000016264243,0.0006423576,0.00007863441,0.0006365319,0.000010772588,0.0000065671325,0.0013426971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03587771,0.96287656,0.00054256327,0.00022452591,0.00009658956,0.00013760768,0.000007324268,0.000020767955,0.00021637217],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836856,0.00094180065,0.00027126068,0.00019210222,0.000097111304,0.00012914551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934787,0.00013988046,0.00022702782,0.0002440004,0.000030348247,0.000010898204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000932743,0.000113731796,0.00051666255,0.00008666692,0.00010655485,0.000017743425,0.00028106608,0.00017197544,0.000011090834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000248013,0.00006165329,0.00006896447,0.00016358336,0.0003734774,0.000030225903,0.0000283716,0.00018750799,1.648156e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000469724,0.00024715665,0.00085891003,0.0024590672,0.00013888474,0.000003948094,0.7878828,4.8829456e-8,0.00016379663,0.03154871,0.0053591123,0.17129056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004676576,0.00015757489,0.00014705349,0.005523331,0.00019162845,0.000007637159,0.6155246,0.0000022753518,0.000019497118,0.0008673431,0.37680188,0.0002895353],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018168872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014798532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37144276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010299733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027840877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2746602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3184391209","doi":"","title":"Structural Inductive Biases in Emergent Communication","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Polytechnique Montréal; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Generalization; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive science; Graph; Sequence (biology); Kinship; Set (abstract data type); Natural language processing; Epistemology; Psychology; Sociology; Programming language","score_opus":0.034388712950107536,"score_gpt":0.2775495672555781,"score_spread":0.24316085430547058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3184391209","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9555879,0.00094670756,0.000002094897,0.0021725423,0.00010196484,0.0001310715,0.00024670697,0.00012943278,0.040681563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965457,0.00012031135,0.00021850193,0.00035541816,0.00013112627,0.00001173003,0.00074748474,0.000015152709,0.0018546304],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985997,0.00028339543,0.00024888376,0.00023588544,0.00029817916,0.00033393424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993748,0.0000968308,0.00007376037,0.00023426353,0.00006272517,0.00015764],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014131497,0.00012234502,0.00013661187,0.000059203583,0.0003043453,0.00064944953,0.0002997893,0.00011994141,0.0018007536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00066836283,0.000109650915,0.00008475202,0.0007031185,0.00012872106,0.004124344,0.00015802454,0.00029008553,0.00043340758],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014118932,0.00045134095,0.83429444,0.000043856886,0.00009534913,0.00023652287,0.01113613,0.00006918236,0.0011974315,0.072760515,0.009597565,0.069976486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015246426,0.000071405826,0.20250888,0.00041724194,0.00003650682,0.000017901102,0.03829335,0.00013115487,0.0074220346,0.075979464,0.6721896,0.0014078432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018379158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00059156516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.662592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009016658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019954612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991117},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3187279265","doi":"10.33137/js.v4i0.37123","title":"Disciplines in the Scientonomic Ontology","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientonomy Journal for the Science of Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Discipline; Epistemology; Ontology; Sociology; Phenomenon; Order (exchange); Engineering ethics; Social science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.040689392189962766,"score_gpt":0.3855710520975853,"score_spread":0.34488165990762254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3187279265","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94735736,0.0009908509,0.00065430667,0.02637516,0.004467067,0.0005178469,0.0000048074767,0.000012544823,0.019620039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973054,0.00008383772,0.0010207613,0.00026993026,0.00023988281,0.000015120069,2.7865138e-7,0.0000024860437,0.0010622822],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963291,0.0001362798,0.00039143788,0.00044063365,0.0017642081,0.00093834125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975565,0.00035711075,0.00026808793,0.0004088296,0.0012132671,0.00019619767],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.023092099,0.00010261011,0.00014708033,0.0003795656,0.008705758,0.001040606,0.0041979584,0.00003303256,0.000074587915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028952034,0.000052463478,0.00012223095,0.007277965,0.022548284,0.0022214535,0.00024374347,0.0002167293,0.000007967667],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046321227,0.00034482122,0.0036185703,0.000014869681,0.000011548967,0.000021577924,0.19973749,0.0020078018,0.17380802,0.57885885,0.0032203204,0.038309798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016752933,0.0003075319,0.061680336,0.00017771019,0.00008184262,0.0005718188,0.6914678,0.0057430672,0.051434927,0.08512934,0.10092558,0.0008047207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003230171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016687665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4937295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040081167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0057373475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3192890172","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104875","title":"Evolution of emotion semantics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Psychology; Semantics (computer science); Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Programming language","score_opus":0.018933468262014985,"score_gpt":0.28702054268164245,"score_spread":0.2680870744196275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3192890172","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91659456,0.00050960935,0.006605745,0.0007458858,0.0003628667,0.000102241895,0.0000074904224,0.000066731605,0.075004846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985342,0.000078566794,0.00018017212,0.00003322911,0.00018898309,0.0000018605957,0.00004714167,0.0000020194652,0.00093383004],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995189,0.00008689609,0.00008144527,0.00007093705,0.00016116114,0.000080663805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999554,0.0000145841,0.000044902958,0.00004392788,0.00031898014,0.000023653247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012487784,0.000027774955,0.000045933386,0.000017797523,0.00013772966,0.00001207926,0.000024973988,0.000053753378,0.00030682888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000213655,0.000027665918,0.00003419482,0.00021492492,0.000052610227,0.0001650873,0.0000078051835,0.00003191408,0.000047323156],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006178375,0.0007149414,0.009041277,0.0002428313,0.00008887728,0.000053222037,0.058373738,0.00005078152,0.4144275,0.38521978,0.00913301,0.12259227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002390308,0.00019861518,0.19064215,0.00069668057,0.0005108104,0.000036146223,0.22877052,0.0008899955,0.3188669,0.21387824,0.042211875,0.00090773305],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013049877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00054891675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18160087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060355098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008255023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3359561},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3194095174","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abd9223","title":"Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in northeast Asia","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Advances","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Research Organization of Information and Systems","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Lexicon; Grammar; Genetic variation; Evolutionary biology; Linguistics; Geography; Biology; Natural language processing; Computer science; Genetics; Gene","score_opus":0.03305923283455072,"score_gpt":0.333285872341584,"score_spread":0.3002266395070333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3194095174","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952397,0.0022263527,0.000044393088,0.00026244752,0.00020736498,0.000075025644,0.00000227876,0.000019646426,0.0019228298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985193,0.0006282439,0.0005652266,0.000023960005,0.000059346083,0.00001712382,0.0000022937716,0.0000016120462,0.00018291597],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990606,0.000056423774,0.00011748733,0.00021635037,0.00025727905,0.00029191523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975014,0.000033023964,0.000033846976,0.00006492045,0.00007210209,0.00004595998],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036673245,0.000051734536,0.00006779142,0.000049068603,0.00048136406,0.000114272436,0.00010565086,0.000020320931,0.000014572718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029461662,0.000043722914,0.00001162358,0.0012254174,0.00037060588,0.0024896543,0.0000414496,0.0000696852,0.0000064107985],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000050400267,0.000037756232,0.13923809,0.000009833537,0.0000011286934,0.00003698952,0.66804194,0.0011313725,0.026139608,0.0038970038,0.0000016655069,0.1614596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000108371576,0.000004781655,0.6268778,0.00002564759,0.0000010388555,0.0000023105736,0.37166536,0.00013463278,0.000443478,0.00028560217,0.00037553388,0.000075452845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031211665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.084111005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4876397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000968685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010872041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9326016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197835184","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/xqr2u","title":"Demographic shifts, inter-group contact, and environmental conditions drive language extinction and diversification","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Species richness; Diversification (marketing strategy); Subsistence agriculture; Population; Geography; Economic geography; Ecology; Econometrics; Demography; Economics; Sociology; Biology; Business","score_opus":0.009902519162429495,"score_gpt":0.25158905481900673,"score_spread":0.24168653565657724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197835184","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99317425,0.0018217578,0.00052288134,0.00043977852,0.00021593134,0.00031183037,0.000064486594,0.00007466664,0.0033743829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960861,0.0017932515,0.0001370985,0.0001261955,0.00013260201,0.000027743827,0.0010627452,0.0000059334675,0.0006283101],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905634,0.00015845039,0.00013072422,0.0003430296,0.00016786138,0.00014359616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996271,0.000038803126,0.00009827637,0.00012107077,0.000017305245,0.00009745349],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015140684,0.00012644376,0.00013476255,0.000056745597,0.00043539715,0.0001833761,0.00007822978,0.00022120372,0.00081993215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028176533,0.00011703251,0.000060318675,0.00006120706,0.00022047404,0.0002672109,0.00020412791,0.00022306318,0.0000058188552],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008280601,0.00068081194,0.1855158,0.00031820813,0.0007705343,0.00013508687,0.60436755,0.000006461883,0.08703586,0.036214568,0.003350005,0.0815223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005080242,0.00005798229,0.41675416,0.00012922996,0.00023284536,0.000008152848,0.5772624,0.00014680816,0.00018360525,0.00095623505,0.0032418363,0.00051874656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004313018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009080958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23123837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010211944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000021470374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8977682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201819660","doi":"10.29173/cgs122","title":"Gaming in Kahnawà:ke","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Critical Gambling Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"History; Political science","score_opus":0.14593298334689267,"score_gpt":0.4888853571476403,"score_spread":0.3429523738007476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3201819660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8244188,0.05603625,0.00023021811,0.028228592,0.0014494981,0.00013569447,0.0000029008545,0.00020247868,0.0892956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960396,0.00079648657,0.0005363682,0.00047932434,0.00034548293,0.000008587162,0.0000010378208,0.0000036380786,0.0017894455],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909335,0.0001190662,0.00013127133,0.00016437103,0.0002004177,0.00029150856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993014,0.00034305974,0.000009114028,0.00006393698,0.00023317989,0.00004933279],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003173697,0.000058544305,0.00013519099,0.000024382367,0.00033460362,0.00004942947,0.00005921049,0.000048231344,0.000090111265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006774503,0.000050499726,0.000041634255,0.00030320612,0.00027106184,0.00014943376,0.000053272503,0.000107039195,0.000038964117],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014091092,0.00023563775,0.008803873,0.00019189487,0.000078000856,0.00087874715,0.1954167,0.0000147024675,0.003987757,0.75069016,0.004536848,0.035151593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006663916,0.000048530666,0.012817737,0.0006763177,0.0000816115,0.000011325099,0.839241,0.00007446493,0.0025141581,0.058091596,0.085137516,0.00063931907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017747839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023442346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6925986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008545763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005462944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8110202},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202062078","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x20001090","title":"Knowledge songs as an evolutionary adaptation to facilitate information transmission through music","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Information transmission; Transmission (telecommunications); Communication; Cultural transmission in animals; Cognitive science; Psychology; Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Telecommunications; Neuroscience; Computer network","score_opus":0.148524128618444,"score_gpt":0.35710216564044267,"score_spread":0.20857803702199867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3202062078","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35927606,0.0019131477,0.0010076633,0.61807704,0.0012889341,0.0012811157,0.00013626854,0.00029770655,0.016722053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.26584858,0.0007187513,0.017160902,0.6373686,0.0077551743,0.0004326572,0.003454111,0.00005408019,0.06720714],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976759,0.00035044187,0.00029272356,0.00043756692,0.00079717214,0.00044618736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993156,0.000065963795,0.00010977711,0.0001185022,0.00024378915,0.00014634691],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056892686,0.00021553838,0.00020812036,0.00011975359,0.0015341872,0.00044362101,0.000330776,0.00041915488,0.00049168925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007321425,0.00016773657,0.00008767606,0.0007393866,0.00053876283,0.003279911,0.000053232856,0.00035053218,0.00011387286],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009052123,0.00005288936,0.000034086934,0.000036787445,0.000003401893,0.000022506461,0.3208272,0.000008528032,0.00016772655,0.0006722518,0.52414995,0.15401563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000106829546,0.00024961273,0.00034875504,0.00008678778,0.00002434708,0.00000857486,0.059317682,0.000059844235,0.000010928511,0.0011217258,0.93835235,0.000312596],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016269421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021224485,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41420236,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118898424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055178296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3203223383","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-44982-7_47-1","title":"Fractals, Narrative, and Cognition","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Narrative; Cognition; Psychology; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Art; Literature; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.021719454212288644,"score_gpt":0.2811430734043512,"score_spread":0.2594236191920625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3203223383","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00028753353,0.0015442298,0.00001089508,0.000673547,0.00009984256,0.00009192318,0.000005369548,0.000041807998,0.99724483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.025844945,0.0012038187,0.000057444457,0.00032291285,0.00034431074,0.0000020460307,0.000081233666,0.0000058150285,0.97213745],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995227,0.000018041907,0.00007111224,0.00013877322,0.00016917335,0.000080193415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997388,0.00002044595,0.000044877048,0.000041601812,0.00010405162,0.000050198647],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006846251,0.00007673167,0.00009861238,0.000014715563,0.00026922108,0.00005671582,0.000031135107,0.00019996788,0.012254309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003233916,0.00006163268,0.000037807982,0.00001235111,0.00010976778,0.00011719356,0.000017481318,0.000102384955,0.00007735147],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002657241,0.0000048191437,0.0000022184613,0.000009155821,0.0000338474,0.000023760284,0.019937688,1.3736045e-8,0.000060592414,0.94701236,0.014729101,0.018183805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007365322,0.000012946231,0.00002584461,0.000074690724,0.00003636122,0.0000024447518,0.017250521,5.034369e-7,0.000018627048,0.025015913,0.9573117,0.00017681235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040810212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045607565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9425826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028216524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006048909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98864865},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3205792376","doi":"10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101441","title":"Distributional social semantics: Inferring word meanings from communication patterns","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Semantics (computer science); Meaning (existential); Natural language processing; Computer science; Word (group theory); Linguistics; Distributional semantics; Artificial intelligence; Lexical semantics; Word lists by frequency; Lexical item; Psychology; Semantic similarity; Sentence","score_opus":0.04501003298091999,"score_gpt":0.39004370293095797,"score_spread":0.345033669950038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3205792376","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9610823,0.00044981268,0.0049384455,0.005788684,0.00027131193,0.00008602231,0.00015939104,0.00006901653,0.02715506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99663705,0.00012756107,0.0000895516,0.0014619995,0.00042664554,0.000014327929,0.0008990171,0.0000052015075,0.00033863637],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989279,0.00037995237,0.00012974945,0.00020386814,0.00015581846,0.00020271337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993321,0.0001419689,0.00007325944,0.00008327053,0.00032344993,0.000045994333],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016266038,0.0000705377,0.000106445696,0.000016415943,0.0005846934,0.00004660189,0.00012783095,0.00012763504,0.0017220489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003062493,0.000073556555,0.000058296893,0.0001488705,0.00021127492,0.0001461325,0.000060234783,0.00017336487,0.00014595716],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021193952,0.0008829683,0.35686934,0.000022427692,0.00054031075,0.00020254383,0.20980504,4.3702792e-7,0.009203786,0.12379588,0.015706582,0.28275874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001103533,0.000018590088,0.9113539,0.0000926917,0.000085355285,0.000007984826,0.039811343,0.000006277194,0.0006042872,0.02060916,0.025998905,0.00030796215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007581261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028590444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55448455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049669758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053779924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3206313044","doi":"10.1162/tacl_a_00441","title":"Quantifying Cognitive Factors in Lexical Decline","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"German; Lexical diversity; Variety (cybernetics); Affect (linguistics); Cognition; Linguistics; Set (abstract data type); Logistic regression; Ecological niche; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Ecology; Biology; Vocabulary; Communication","score_opus":0.06521040049384863,"score_gpt":0.36774251653791246,"score_spread":0.3025321160440638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3206313044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6604463,0.0006021264,0.31182802,0.0030176213,0.0119153485,0.0026919101,0.002369402,0.00018358008,0.006945722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99634814,0.000025257663,0.002294301,0.00005228386,0.00031517356,0.000022516131,0.00038905573,0.0000102644935,0.00054299424],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984391,0.00022050651,0.00041086497,0.00019287464,0.0005600813,0.00017659382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963778,0.0013604994,0.00044869568,0.00007610411,0.0017006296,0.00003623053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005678628,0.00011654691,0.0002376624,0.00006807679,0.00040534633,0.000074634096,0.00020358089,0.00029717808,0.000030751144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0063168267,0.00010420117,0.00030697236,0.00026089247,0.000069530164,0.00003356398,0.00003134874,0.00036743958,9.38981e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010838396,0.0009557565,0.10475303,0.0003914998,0.00072079024,0.0000019101312,0.05544528,0.77227724,0.00003173377,0.06360572,0.0003348449,0.0013737904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0064224373,0.0002075155,0.5645517,0.0034046546,0.0030217108,0.0000012594123,0.092956915,0.105574705,0.0015730105,0.20274568,0.016877852,0.0026625355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019059209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008131826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66670257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005444078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061310886,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7562288},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208075625","doi":"","title":"Dunbar’s number(s): constraints on the social world","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sociology; Joins; Quarter (Canadian coin); Anthropology; Social anthropology; Epistemology; Social science; History; Archaeology; Computer science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03326096518712329,"score_gpt":0.29191928031984743,"score_spread":0.25865831513272414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3208075625","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40350387,0.0000050104168,0.00014194028,0.0061330306,0.00007108061,0.00047295835,0.00009391463,0.000052358628,0.5895258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9482756,0.00020184214,0.00026184303,0.0000744133,0.00009388823,1.3560967e-7,0.000033328553,0.000008917854,0.051050022],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99662954,0.0010503638,0.00009518719,0.00039231413,0.0010902482,0.00074232713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99841833,0.00058948604,0.00012098945,0.0003051063,0.0003375849,0.00022850175],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011448675,0.00015201434,0.000244351,0.0003045098,0.0030612906,0.00005042405,0.0013718667,0.0001195532,0.00683369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010309657,0.00014826954,0.00024807046,0.0012248696,0.0029756322,0.00051532756,0.0004694791,0.0007257466,0.00030055695],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007227084,0.000242769,0.0121276565,0.000036764013,0.00015074908,0.00013506654,0.044740535,0.000007566437,0.00055935537,0.8919312,0.03721169,0.012133961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011340972,0.00015084009,0.01687912,0.00006344818,0.00002722018,0.0000017328719,0.24760164,0.000070321745,0.000026382839,0.0047613946,0.7290251,0.00025869848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041301465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015007757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8871698,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041243897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047235805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3213706899","doi":"10.1515/css-2021-2032","title":"Editorial: What is semiotics but a series of modeling","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Semiotics; Biosemiotics; Semiotics of culture; Visual semiotics; Semiosis; Social semiotics; Sociology; Epistemology; Linguistics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.021223481847640165,"score_gpt":0.33985333902575005,"score_spread":0.3186298571781099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3213706899","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0020797034,0.07565026,0.00001144882,0.00063367723,0.92057526,0.00022387553,0.00007468195,0.00009431333,0.0006568019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0014999997,0.10042898,0.00013270059,0.000041942003,0.8914582,0.000013819485,0.000113188486,0.00003706135,0.006274085],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962266,0.00026353583,0.0006448745,0.0005579129,0.0018095328,0.00049751095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99545497,0.0009980364,0.0003725101,0.00042083606,0.002640213,0.00011346558],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008728798,0.0004679259,0.0011934259,0.00007865069,0.000739583,0.00022508044,0.0004652648,0.0010047718,0.0000601651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.011165439,0.0003451095,0.0003563191,0.0005330882,0.00045821638,0.0008181151,0.00034159457,0.00065586244,0.000015094265],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019186433,0.000031817865,0.000016864204,0.00038908492,0.0003896929,0.000007932031,0.06391349,0.0000738685,0.00003284782,0.00005526888,0.9348391,0.00023081717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003813977,0.00006197792,0.0000013731834,0.0019833294,0.00039714304,7.6712575e-7,0.2045882,0.000096316246,0.00003700292,0.0032346114,0.788555,0.00066283206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018154008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020662504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14628409,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003407858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00075855525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999001},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W337389450","doi":"10.4000/etudesafricaines.128","title":"Nicolaï, Robert. – La traversée de l’empirique. Essai d’épistémologie sur la construction des représentations de l’évolution des langues. Paris, Éditions Ophrys, 2000, 258 p. (« Bibliothèque de faits de langues »).","year":2001,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Cahiers d études africaines","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; Humanities","score_opus":0.019888165749153072,"score_gpt":0.29881657980577986,"score_spread":0.27892841405662677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W337389450","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9201856,0.018766316,0.0106546385,0.004475446,0.00046731468,0.00047617848,0.00024802424,0.0005157187,0.04421072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9450121,0.026938006,0.013621506,0.00046221065,0.0009785149,0.00015424108,0.00017000588,0.000053532567,0.012609893],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99552053,0.0019139941,0.00047248954,0.0005288169,0.00033272078,0.0012314683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975951,0.00105185,0.00026195898,0.00028665556,0.00033136597,0.00047308148],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001305858,0.00040228883,0.0003851092,0.00037997335,0.0017128778,0.00042005364,0.0003943894,0.0009144438,0.00044874463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020183777,0.0004046309,0.00029149937,0.002504656,0.0041760267,0.0013247211,0.00004499181,0.0006088839,0.000035107743],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032366777,0.0018731114,0.21139114,0.0007001333,0.0008970124,0.0012744201,0.25644237,0.004378148,0.032802172,0.279303,0.1842541,0.026360715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030111289,0.0005155318,0.37528586,0.0012275305,0.0014535877,0.0029842362,0.17128524,0.0018121671,0.0030155412,0.12780316,0.30903757,0.002568433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.045558475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01844514,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16389473,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003143412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017149651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200367653","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/qp6jx","title":"Musicality and gene-culture coevolution: ten concepts to guide productive exploration","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Coevolution; Musicality; Discipline; Cognitive science; Sociology; Process (computing); Epistemology; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Psychology; Social science; Computer science; Philosophy; Musical; Art","score_opus":0.040564605270848327,"score_gpt":0.36293279849216975,"score_spread":0.32236819322132143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200367653","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7996377,0.0054699173,0.015886618,0.053578004,0.003633342,0.004348977,0.00010477655,0.0007775393,0.11656313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9508802,0.00049809105,0.008175295,0.0011967467,0.0027550093,0.00018993508,0.0003434547,0.000012382289,0.035948865],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981534,0.00031647616,0.00023035695,0.0006420534,0.0004197398,0.00023797616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987765,0.000015508394,0.00009904684,0.00026345928,0.0006679594,0.00017755611],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041943145,0.00017542703,0.00023356696,0.000024130139,0.0004983002,0.000264698,0.00017424322,0.00032248028,0.0003219946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056853297,0.0001370615,0.00007656336,0.00022016771,0.00018733069,0.0004302975,0.00034606288,0.00025610608,0.000026553626],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042772954,0.00017960461,0.0009256957,0.00012334717,0.00016886502,0.000032261672,0.7768468,0.00022176422,0.00662062,0.028066775,0.16531105,0.0214604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057129364,0.00013928671,0.013115829,0.00031566384,0.00023904772,0.000010678672,0.5013482,0.000104335515,0.005818865,0.010442537,0.4661482,0.0017460678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007007143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012755591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30083713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033695475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003563502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200401033","doi":"10.1177/09567976211032224","title":"Copy the In-group: Group Membership Trumps Perceived Reliability, Warmth, and Competence in a Social-Learning Task","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Copying; In-group favoritism; Social psychology; Social group; Social learning; Group (periodic table); Social competence; Competence (human resources); Social perception; Social identity theory; Cognitive psychology; Social change; Perception","score_opus":0.034926484571507765,"score_gpt":0.3612877411140588,"score_spread":0.32636125654255105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200401033","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9667382,0.00015118025,0.00001731284,0.006095192,0.00012872017,0.00016647868,6.0446274e-7,0.000040286468,0.026662022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984568,0.0001724977,0.0002532549,0.00081861066,0.00008551866,0.0000176317,0.0000014482254,0.0000022816653,0.00019200903],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99749726,0.00069973315,0.00019938886,0.00056740525,0.00052054925,0.00051567034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939305,0.0002411945,0.000056689234,0.00013209303,0.00006951649,0.00010748921],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028547586,0.000096233234,0.00015080176,0.000035965913,0.0010978335,0.00017573618,0.0004804018,0.00010648599,0.0002905714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013576148,0.00005953711,0.000041044146,0.0016818824,0.0021095544,0.00034892574,0.000131981,0.00041281138,0.000019125348],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010665457,0.00086335675,0.5158523,0.00002395117,0.0000048404254,0.00020519199,0.23235087,0.000053349868,0.060579665,0.14177431,0.00031259347,0.047872957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026494465,0.00005657091,0.9602412,0.000018619927,0.0000024771552,0.000006990429,0.027829632,0.00010395163,0.000012120368,0.009396269,0.0019317818,0.00013542974],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012175605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004344227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44438896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015881371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004417045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84437585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205912589","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2106028118","title":"Spurious normativity enhances learning of compliance and enforcement behavior in artificial agents","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Schwartz/Reisman Emergency Medicine Institute; Vector Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reinforcement learning; Punishment (psychology); Spurious relationship; Social learning; Compliance (psychology); Enforcement; Normative; Meaning (existential)","score_opus":0.08435295650286023,"score_gpt":0.36733051899326874,"score_spread":0.2829775624904085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205912589","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923291,0.00009431013,2.8086038e-7,0.0005694657,0.00001690321,0.00015135018,0.0000049103637,0.0000039094043,0.0068297503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996424,0.000026545098,0.000086980006,0.000042063868,0.000022349996,0.000017013528,1.0890961e-7,8.0983324e-7,0.00016176222],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985474,0.000023339951,0.0002112515,0.00010630094,0.001008635,0.00010311594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951524,0.000043543987,0.00033343091,0.0000028557088,0.00008941317,0.000015493324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015264971,0.00003909302,0.000088503606,0.00006869618,0.0005124033,0.000011973149,0.0003236507,0.000022553111,0.00008137398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023884463,0.000029020743,0.000028033932,0.000549284,0.0006289815,0.000336614,0.0001241889,0.00012396835,2.2274274e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005621003,0.00029827468,0.12930033,0.00014062542,0.00001349025,3.8595058e-8,0.053564806,0.0010337583,0.46450627,0.33975175,0.00024649175,0.011087947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042130816,0.00029360424,0.67980975,0.00019596139,0.00003001209,0.000004951752,0.07117405,0.002957209,0.19151805,0.05139696,0.0019160071,0.00028215797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033810158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000058327228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5505094,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055160974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002937007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39410436},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206575030","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/sybz7","title":"Introduction: Cognitive Archaeology at the Crossroads","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Universiteit Utrecht; University of Oxford; University of Notre Dame; University of Missouri; DePaul University; University of Toronto; University of Exeter; Wayne State University","keywords":"Wynn; Cognition; Field (mathematics); Cognitive science; Archaeology; History; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Linguistics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.019522273746729626,"score_gpt":0.32092314990142357,"score_spread":0.30140087615469396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206575030","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7389941,0.003848155,0.00041860808,0.12336557,0.0041006817,0.00053377874,0.000013466459,0.00016360013,0.12856199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81265086,0.00046839844,0.00006363021,0.00080742495,0.0053587626,0.000051730098,0.00017728166,0.0000052233986,0.18041667],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987135,0.00035688584,0.00012003993,0.00033765443,0.0002456572,0.00022624641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935496,0.00007764771,0.000073283845,0.00018582134,0.00026107245,0.000047239686],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037367825,0.000101005004,0.00013182369,0.000012972642,0.0006237283,0.00009689178,0.0002013955,0.0002405866,0.018567696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036503666,0.000061001865,0.00011320746,0.00011145067,0.0009704045,0.00006511992,0.00075219414,0.00035768969,0.00021715312],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009100282,0.000116640644,0.0021083516,0.000060655337,0.00039671542,0.000086471424,0.66981447,0.00009545918,0.0003679642,0.07342318,0.20105089,0.05238822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002507597,0.000028429435,0.0061287875,0.000046344652,0.00014098913,0.000026976326,0.22979847,0.000015173438,0.0011778369,0.00472848,0.757191,0.00046677145],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0098328665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06928054,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5561401,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017302377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023115116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213187153","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/tyvxw","title":"Evolution of emotion semantics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Anger; Semantic change; Meaning (existential); Semantics (computer science); Psychology; Linguistics; Relevance (law); Semantic similarity; Affect (linguistics); Cognitive psychology; Emotion classification; Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Social psychology; Communication","score_opus":0.02028216390797393,"score_gpt":0.3013519988606221,"score_spread":0.28106983495264815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213187153","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8865486,0.0014574283,0.00860816,0.0014647155,0.0013187281,0.00027153434,0.0000059845784,0.00011891686,0.10020597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99404985,0.00021447301,0.00086082914,0.00001774887,0.0003126364,0.0000030334038,0.000043577616,0.0000035198434,0.0044943364],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.999136,0.00013283848,0.00015610935,0.00015558847,0.00030128998,0.00011820118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994167,0.000012376571,0.0001194989,0.00014615331,0.0002702209,0.000035041587],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025069885,0.00006746302,0.00013359493,0.000030228388,0.00010689045,0.000040779352,0.00012285892,0.00025743205,0.00061980565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013548021,0.000058704096,0.00010787246,0.00012972466,0.00007809255,0.00009536061,0.00012437682,0.0001433938,0.000010911653],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002125324,0.0004977925,0.0122748865,0.0009601114,0.00022565834,0.00002494851,0.21237487,0.001710921,0.010982807,0.7268087,0.012762143,0.021355864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008847411,0.00011865834,0.10546227,0.0019935959,0.00064047484,0.0000064447004,0.75069594,0.0042947466,0.0077796555,0.110257894,0.0158528,0.0020128023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016455222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006468933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61655086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022007471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003080218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9900943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213347604","doi":"10.1017/s0952675721000324","title":"Featural affixation and sound symbolism in Fungwa","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Phonology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Morpheme; Diminutive; Linguistics; Realisation; Vowel; Sound symbolism; Mathematics; Root (linguistics); Philosophy","score_opus":0.014807818715248614,"score_gpt":0.2976495739304159,"score_spread":0.2828417552151673,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213347604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853422,0.0016882855,0.000012357914,0.0034835625,0.00022373664,0.000035967612,6.122175e-7,0.000021364865,0.009191899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981702,0.00015909737,0.00006541865,0.00025474513,0.0001274913,0.0000033805306,0.0000075517073,0.00000144786,0.001210697],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99959075,0.00008878138,0.000049972037,0.00009697627,0.00004530134,0.00012821858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986976,0.000024644178,0.000016439306,0.000038004033,0.000028837383,0.000022328324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000076848235,0.000029589643,0.00005637235,0.000017676182,0.00009545019,0.000019522084,0.000030957162,0.00007168729,0.00017614297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011414112,0.000026316977,0.0000105323015,0.00011903799,0.00006838469,0.0001027106,0.000018110923,0.00006005398,0.000024713365],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004984939,0.00013182194,0.08411127,0.000026392489,0.000037504873,0.00020387804,0.2985017,0.000011388795,0.04198206,0.45853764,0.003143021,0.11326347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011537982,0.000042783107,0.7855267,0.000017502274,0.000021995866,0.00005630816,0.07787641,0.00006720692,0.0018039874,0.08432471,0.04876021,0.00034840018],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014702956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.026907617,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7014154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003923277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003266532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9908488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213422253","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.786072","title":"Modeling Discontinuous Cultural Evolution: The Impact of Cross-Domain Transfer","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Domain (mathematical analysis); Cognitive psychology","score_opus":0.02201761850349904,"score_gpt":0.37246393929512145,"score_spread":0.3504463207916224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213422253","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96494657,0.0027081103,0.020673,0.0009155368,0.0012760593,0.00023664655,0.000021620635,0.000023749748,0.009198719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990096,0.000065518994,0.00031053604,0.00009237633,0.00013789622,0.000041135678,0.000009767622,0.000005518261,0.0003276579],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863917,0.00044219184,0.00021617435,0.00018958825,0.00020884663,0.00030403188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972117,0.0000103519005,0.000031364703,0.00015702673,0.00004480492,0.000035281697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059286336,0.00008187691,0.00015693577,0.00005635996,0.0005180604,0.000020119587,0.00037554622,0.00006740807,0.00036478016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002967599,0.00005282075,0.00015750239,0.0004165562,0.00036823316,0.00018384271,0.000028131744,0.0002501806,0.000002258941],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015605228,0.00082256366,0.3726307,0.000017391712,0.0003465743,0.000065941036,0.39094546,0.06587896,0.0031163078,0.036495224,0.09734287,0.0307775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006926909,0.0011176792,0.16417961,0.000038314993,0.00007978276,0.0000931927,0.54182905,0.018423593,0.00001500898,0.23902014,0.027070913,0.0012058254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004357526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005138505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20845108,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027603068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006754982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6587305},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220674732","doi":"10.1590/0100-6045.2022.v45n1.pd","title":"REPLY TO “COULD SIGN-BASED SEMANTICS AND EMBODIED SEMANTICS BENEFIT ONE ANOTHER?”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manuscrito","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Embodied cognition; Consciousness; Materialism; Sign (mathematics); Semantics (computer science); Epistemology; Cognitive science; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Cognitive semantics; Mind–body problem; Reductionism; Cognition; Qualia; Psychology; Computer science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.03248659193925122,"score_gpt":0.27469894259584865,"score_spread":0.24221235065659744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220674732","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86228573,0.0008715638,0.00065162487,0.103758566,0.0008915182,0.0010732905,0.00008202136,0.00040606005,0.029979603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97976667,0.000019518384,0.00076276227,0.011008607,0.000298742,0.00004344617,0.000018164967,0.000016456344,0.008065635],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985333,0.00011181322,0.00016527125,0.00028092603,0.0005196165,0.00038909403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948025,0.00004981726,0.000054090953,0.00021091191,0.0000707195,0.0001341862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039621364,0.000111273024,0.00015610782,0.000064266605,0.0012662305,0.00013431355,0.00019974975,0.00004984859,0.00057178666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010430229,0.000112346635,0.00005115595,0.000315285,0.000090759764,0.00009600207,0.00011618175,0.00014799026,0.0000379637],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00063688937,0.0017944786,0.03207067,0.00039718713,0.00028301863,0.00039709438,0.3070049,0.0032620195,0.031903762,0.16692805,0.3753479,0.07997404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005643086,0.00026948677,0.0047195884,0.000030520892,0.0000676163,0.0000022245015,0.021421423,0.00039444544,0.0009044289,0.0029808707,0.96818036,0.0004646988],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009181401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003491094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5928325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015408667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007383938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99741656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225690862","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2025993118","title":"The forms and meanings of grammatical markers support efficient communication","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Lexicon; Meaning (existential); Linguistics; Feature (linguistics); Computer science; Natural language processing; Typology; Variation (astronomy); Word (group theory); Space (punctuation); Artificial intelligence; Grammatical category; Psychology; Sociology; Noun","score_opus":0.0283167280786938,"score_gpt":0.3208242423447258,"score_spread":0.292507514266032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225690862","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95518667,0.00032824953,8.887422e-7,0.010691432,0.000010868337,0.00011537213,0.000002668281,0.0000055393566,0.033658303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989357,0.00016438444,0.00046207258,0.00008352978,0.000016251814,0.0000033362085,1.2085351e-7,9.994195e-7,0.0003335935],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99863076,0.00001827779,0.00021716053,0.00009039356,0.0009376175,0.00010579651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990998,0.00020209716,0.00027282655,0.000008033941,0.00039285235,0.000024404952],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024260876,0.000038442497,0.00007568663,0.000023136514,0.00063719077,0.0000337321,0.0004594346,0.00004667531,0.000014976371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013875755,0.000019760993,0.000044066863,0.00048145157,0.0018318727,0.00021567044,0.000119979544,0.000080214115,3.422899e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010641366,0.000028649025,0.0027012592,0.000031328847,0.0000121253615,3.251928e-9,0.0073735695,0.000012105119,0.028089033,0.9588492,0.000665706,0.0022264076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005618523,0.00010530695,0.19357578,0.0003445238,0.0000775145,0.000017217833,0.12311959,0.0027111988,0.20014435,0.47251904,0.006547698,0.00027591363],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004203648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000038763387,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48633012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000025693056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057342462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67496115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230042419","doi":"10.1080/09515089.2011.583019","title":"Language Universals","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Problem of universals; Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.10709978579245888,"score_gpt":0.3859606759521356,"score_spread":0.27886089015967674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4230042419","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.078693636,0.00024427273,0.00012961855,0.019834634,0.00030074894,0.000092535185,0.0000022352372,0.00014821444,0.9005541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99613947,0.0000449138,0.00022812387,0.0021623217,0.00054163736,0.000003557944,0.0000025629731,0.000005142674,0.0008722503],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992435,0.00015280647,0.00008965429,0.00017255014,0.00011665013,0.00022482002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966556,0.000019206755,0.000030887146,0.00014193275,0.000032793734,0.00010962679],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017867851,0.000059318703,0.00008488373,0.000033643184,0.00014993623,0.000005645109,0.00020526908,0.00014010577,0.003764127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007662502,0.00004967973,0.000049259146,0.00016048862,0.00028363641,0.000107096384,0.000018456221,0.00012779566,0.0007181338],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052025473,0.00012710267,0.0006643048,0.0000014659657,0.000016578371,0.000093906056,0.04307601,2.5899006e-8,0.0010240119,0.94255364,0.0034775643,0.0089133745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072888826,0.00016637513,0.019175675,0.000008535975,0.000029365812,0.000014868774,0.005734055,0.0000016686869,0.00017133408,0.89984024,0.07380626,0.0003227081],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009716943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029312875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91744584,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000023610628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016403033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99714655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230301126","doi":"10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030459","title":"Fantastic Linguistics","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Positive Living North","funders":"","keywords":"Reincarnation; Variety (cybernetics); Linguistics; Paranormal; Computer science; Philosophy; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.012535784210384185,"score_gpt":0.3403832646346162,"score_spread":0.327847480424232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4230301126","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016505322,0.08224197,0.000072392904,0.00023104892,0.004918608,0.00069286436,0.00011656116,0.000097821074,0.9099782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9218014,0.065113634,0.0014661219,0.0016239533,0.0036878614,0.0000050413964,0.00005267721,0.00001736654,0.0062319404],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879974,0.00009550793,0.00033542083,0.0001437514,0.00039957033,0.0002260222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977067,0.00016491312,0.00018557323,0.00019766108,0.0016569663,0.00008818901],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058355625,0.00009582968,0.0002752609,0.00002236065,0.00009719145,0.000011393955,0.00022554668,0.000067906796,0.0005279644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.036373816,0.00007843928,0.000101464866,0.00023133843,0.00010576197,0.000016414124,0.000038161026,0.000112398346,0.00037989684],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001500855,0.00014533274,0.0026100925,0.009370073,0.000059638387,0.000024433833,0.010587368,0.000005955413,0.000032375414,0.89487606,0.069007814,0.013265861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007010675,0.000048585345,0.00011497607,0.0027203488,0.00006400213,3.387372e-7,0.0013362523,0.0000063730554,0.000016050537,0.00080653373,0.99469554,0.00012089701],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039872093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005507306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92568773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000042178563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017363392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9717432},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231678300","doi":"10.1017/9781316716694.011","title":"Faculties and Modules: Chomsky on Cognitive Architecture","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Architecture; Cognitive architecture; Cognitive science; Cognition; Computer science; Psychology; History; Neuroscience; Archaeology","score_opus":0.02781813569250358,"score_gpt":0.24222737814531572,"score_spread":0.21440924245281215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4231678300","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0014257774,0.00026529998,0.000039050894,0.000048810336,0.00012549009,0.00035834478,0.0003270837,0.00009090919,0.9973192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.020094793,0.00035698342,0.000012497634,0.000069163565,0.0002831615,5.9723607e-7,0.00004856405,0.000014948697,0.9791193],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902076,0.00005151193,0.000070183436,0.00035662056,0.00027754813,0.00022336864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930704,0.000056181176,0.00016087493,0.00019551146,0.00013268588,0.00014773963],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000758116,0.00023227971,0.00023729398,0.00006752809,0.0011141977,0.00010741581,0.00029441243,0.00036073857,0.000008734598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043453783,0.00022027102,0.00011580986,0.0000022122858,0.00085836067,0.00010429856,0.00013855092,0.0003755624,0.000014715272],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010266389,0.000005577991,0.0000018542613,0.000040354684,0.000106798645,0.00014685327,0.0053198733,4.54532e-7,0.00000956646,0.96806,0.0080116475,0.018194346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041101367,0.000050573643,0.00007858801,0.00038105823,0.00014991665,0.0000029986882,0.0021155614,0.0000017627582,0.000039129016,0.0000781145,0.9963365,0.00035474758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017129162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002274234,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9883249,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011848986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006668893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89823914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232863586","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511780035","title":"Human Evolution and the Origins of Hierarchies","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Primatology; Dominance (genetics); Human evolution; Social evolution; Politics; Anthropology; Sociology; History; Epistemology; Biology; Philosophy; Political science","score_opus":0.012463370733704633,"score_gpt":0.22683292946794348,"score_spread":0.21436955873423885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4232863586","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0061320467,0.00026957376,0.00002944367,0.000048887083,0.00014896359,0.00034531907,0.000052899708,0.00004802882,0.9929248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04249155,0.00007232853,0.000014803198,0.000015022984,0.00026531547,5.9239824e-7,0.000016642647,0.000006820473,0.9571169],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991396,0.00017423867,0.00009992124,0.00017881444,0.0002459694,0.00016147063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993695,0.000061127284,0.00017576189,0.00019675614,0.00013026781,0.00006661293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024464194,0.000122931,0.00021255712,0.000059530415,0.0007585097,0.000030670555,0.00033059646,0.00028140814,0.0000037616342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027695098,0.00009487606,0.0001100716,0.000015394085,0.0020815472,0.00009327749,0.00013070778,0.00038439795,0.0000014665164],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027797047,0.0000033993804,0.0000026317903,0.000024970495,0.00003167682,0.00000544364,0.002187663,9.348616e-8,0.00010284727,0.9783778,0.018959435,0.00027622978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056246156,0.000014229456,0.00009461164,0.000048427428,0.00014385828,0.0000013133505,0.0011937887,0.00000282636,0.00003364358,0.00021748217,0.99755037,0.00013697079],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013089717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00075650436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97859097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032859397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025767833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99348223},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233252751","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00977","title":"Modularizing speech","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Cognition; Front (military); Neuroscience; Engineering","score_opus":0.01576787287731813,"score_gpt":0.31876118944676246,"score_spread":0.30299331656944434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233252751","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6051011,0.0027146142,0.017598426,0.012548403,0.007117437,0.0005773447,0.0000010527367,0.00015627673,0.35418534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96346676,0.00026667386,0.029828673,0.0024951894,0.00041827868,0.000038956685,0.000004845534,0.000008177128,0.0034724686],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993117,0.00010815425,0.00009466988,0.00014806431,0.000089545436,0.00024787447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979526,0.00000581239,0.000024890895,0.00010342566,0.000025321839,0.00004529356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017441124,0.000045759334,0.00008261135,0.000059526137,0.00009371373,0.000020093432,0.00015667519,0.000118664866,0.0005474864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050880284,0.000040752115,0.000025188969,0.00020701697,0.00011636072,0.00017979121,0.000010342158,0.00010441441,0.00023433092],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000065721692,0.000046746867,0.07745728,0.0000019803483,0.000009731685,0.000015145597,0.008021805,8.749538e-7,0.0006995114,0.0040703225,0.35929075,0.5503793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092235365,0.00005579321,0.124289945,0.000017607863,0.000008288451,0.000007676125,0.02194735,0.00019642754,0.00006437056,0.23788072,0.61424315,0.0003663033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0039885524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047409118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55001295,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006897488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001243638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6029525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233506222","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/yjqm7","title":"Evolutionary Linguistics: A New Look at an Old Landscape","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Focus (optics); Plural; Syntax; Linguistics; Generative grammar; Hierarchy; Semantics (computer science); Computer science; Cognitive science; Psychology; Philosophy; Programming language","score_opus":0.023543997833614203,"score_gpt":0.3078818275643954,"score_spread":0.2843378297307812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233506222","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.023496129,0.0027579735,0.0005079088,0.0032166778,0.0035992041,0.0005566153,0.0000658934,0.0006597304,0.96513987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35389787,0.00039786097,0.0014078725,0.00053683546,0.013373616,0.000019247078,0.00018832814,0.000020729723,0.63015765],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985056,0.00012781553,0.00019119793,0.00041526507,0.00041943128,0.00034072492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897546,0.000043088865,0.00011158831,0.0003311626,0.00024019928,0.00029850972],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021699262,0.00017323454,0.00018422832,0.000042870186,0.00040502142,0.00007943556,0.00038709698,0.00042082972,0.007979083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005325485,0.00011682169,0.00012250805,0.00006528907,0.00009103228,0.00007894016,0.0003644523,0.00019377217,0.00084399787],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054718723,0.00009057524,0.0063900356,0.000041591466,0.0000734386,0.000032506705,0.021961467,0.000021680788,0.000115383926,0.1394187,0.8244433,0.0073566125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040443725,0.0000509978,0.0030370117,0.00017582998,0.00007819809,0.0000022841402,0.0032619082,0.0001154627,0.00004128704,0.08944918,0.90268433,0.00069909147],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013437708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014058329,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33498222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049132365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005675559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234080327","doi":"10.1075/bct.112.23arb","title":"The comparative neuroprimatology 2018 (CNP-2018) road map for research on <i>How the Brain Got Language</i>","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Benjamins current topics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Extant taxon; Homo sapiens; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Cognitive science; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Anthropology; Sociology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.23449133534134703,"score_gpt":0.43529618239291673,"score_spread":0.2008048470515697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4234080327","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00062727317,0.020608634,0.00011935965,0.263015,0.007561147,0.004431806,0.00041399937,0.0002254251,0.7029973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013228835,0.0018717009,0.000039014172,0.0018913848,0.008621128,0.00018163759,0.0003091578,0.00005730543,0.9737998],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975741,0.0004062736,0.0002527677,0.0004553739,0.0007724346,0.0005390337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981869,0.0008056103,0.00019327937,0.00044747343,0.00024113548,0.00012561353],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00072580343,0.00026720943,0.0003178079,0.00004335882,0.0018312703,0.00025668574,0.0009072994,0.00026552883,0.00007965745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034764156,0.00015135636,0.0002217248,0.00009201517,0.00081406435,0.00008318138,0.00018003001,0.0010158797,0.00027603778],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026253145,0.000015848655,0.0000016543738,0.00002460332,0.000027253143,0.0000047278886,0.009243567,4.113747e-7,0.000007285887,0.48779774,0.4641135,0.03873716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018494042,0.00014603813,0.000028001668,0.000060941315,0.000028734956,0.0000011552736,0.0051388685,0.000029504203,0.000016546888,0.005832389,0.9883402,0.000192673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016191613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037299215,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5242267,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001928066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023466008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4234778467","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/8scm9","title":"Algorithms in the historical emergence of word senses.","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Chaining; Generative grammar; Computer science; Word (group theory); Cognitive science; Lexicon; Set (abstract data type); Word order; Cognition; Human language; Process (computing); Artificial intelligence; Language evolution; Natural language processing; Linguistics; Psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.05132710313932795,"score_gpt":0.3403919077440242,"score_spread":0.2890648046046963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4234778467","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37385765,0.0047012568,0.0017306851,0.015903695,0.006972054,0.0013697998,0.000014479348,0.00017232799,0.595278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852195,0.00042804523,0.000975459,0.00017094742,0.001015041,0.0000181536,0.000006676375,0.0000038303524,0.012162364],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989325,0.00020508272,0.00018105148,0.00016405454,0.00036757608,0.0001497576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995738,0.000037080372,0.000088493034,0.00018138874,0.000093099,0.000026121263],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006059745,0.000071871385,0.00012592632,0.000025002482,0.0000920959,0.000015231233,0.00037777127,0.00017325263,0.0010862624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014401943,0.00004142692,0.000077265155,0.0001894472,0.00012061039,0.00004173378,0.00010258889,0.00019692963,0.000026268295],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019529387,0.00027093792,0.0024271193,0.00007366522,0.000032685086,0.00003116938,0.4041779,0.000024045172,0.000147311,0.016385445,0.4987453,0.07766488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004701264,0.00016144998,0.025316766,0.0003533989,0.00013264467,0.0000052772984,0.21947898,0.0006044391,0.00034107454,0.055892963,0.6958777,0.0013652026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.054088563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015114289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6113618,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017828595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010928088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998269},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236015440","doi":"10.1093/es/3.1.181","title":"Thierry Bardini. Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2000. xix + 284 pp. ISBN 0-8047-3723-1, $55.00 (cloth); 0-8047-38718, $19.95 (paper).","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Enterprise & Society","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Bootstrapping (finance); Humanities; Volume (thermodynamics); Art; Physics; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Econometrics","score_opus":0.01450070702994306,"score_gpt":0.2337785568414799,"score_spread":0.21927784981153686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236015440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7649299,0.12878563,0.0054454263,0.012465407,0.0028828885,0.0035491502,0.0011019266,0.0010692498,0.079770446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97061795,0.021336196,0.00036366034,0.0006452559,0.0006963144,0.0000056221174,0.00003120808,0.000025879679,0.0062779],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99690044,0.00046710356,0.00046148547,0.00052327086,0.0009147006,0.0007330218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984439,0.00027735846,0.00035080512,0.00032956584,0.0002848087,0.00031357494],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010427457,0.00034912687,0.0004776552,0.000022785869,0.0017534203,0.00014181554,0.0005720689,0.0003098534,0.00080682087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014253434,0.00027425744,0.00056211813,0.00043886172,0.0017036106,0.000703997,0.00021157628,0.0005341571,0.00002671437],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024336763,0.0002664534,0.0037438485,0.0001105872,0.00044387794,0.000015427811,0.2999259,0.0000899329,0.00015191123,0.018050486,0.6756225,0.0013357091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024853186,0.00005836278,0.0013799138,0.000077153934,0.00015479115,0.000007458665,0.07798864,0.0051484355,0.00001581113,0.00011590706,0.9122016,0.00036662174],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018271904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000801489,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23657908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011155575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028656796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999971},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236946843","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/nbsxh","title":"Bilingual social cognition: Investigating the relationship between bilingual language experience and mentalizing","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mentalization; Psychology; Inference; Cognitive psychology; Theory of mind; Cognition; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Reading (process); Developmental psychology; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.17549056051447864,"score_gpt":0.4092884721424692,"score_spread":0.23379791162799057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236946843","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789483,0.0004163122,0.00007088436,0.005467158,0.00020495821,0.00043839542,0.000030583164,0.00022386815,0.014199565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956951,0.000010115929,0.00050140254,0.00061030715,0.0024581845,0.000025262976,0.00015765145,0.00001317939,0.000528808],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813896,0.0004027256,0.00030168696,0.00040829956,0.00048022377,0.0002681235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990097,0.00047291117,0.00019745785,0.00011734883,0.00007195871,0.00013061966],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005726227,0.00018375884,0.00020337391,0.000030263116,0.001870265,0.0003217326,0.00028951062,0.00027926665,0.00012232688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001969901,0.00013177778,0.00008940424,0.00024566823,0.0006879034,0.00017865025,0.00040342103,0.0006342431,0.000017103637],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000032672149,0.000008189847,0.04844694,0.000054592037,0.000030657593,0.0000077111135,0.9241197,0.0000014008707,0.00044804142,0.023444599,0.00035924578,0.0030756437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030647017,0.000024228788,0.058256414,0.00017706038,0.0001789582,0.0000027158223,0.9132887,0.00005273425,0.0007674035,0.025187943,0.0011509195,0.00060642563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038084886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017998017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016746813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000095427145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041120764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99942917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4237691150","doi":"10.1109/iv.2004.1320162","title":"The effect of a perceptual syntax on the learnability of novel concepts","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004.","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Learnability; Syntax; Perception; Natural language processing; Story-driven modeling; Artificial intelligence; Semantics (computer science); Linguistics; Class diagram; Unified Modeling Language; Programming language; Psychology; Software","score_opus":0.03624423548365601,"score_gpt":0.34960286179854466,"score_spread":0.31335862631488864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4237691150","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8723802,0.000037184094,0.00085295364,0.0066928584,0.00062237284,0.0011059585,0.00007200173,0.00008817253,0.11814832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988332,0.00005007515,0.00005550603,0.00029731137,0.00017854708,0.00007505841,0.000044617795,0.0000061867404,0.00045954483],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99759245,0.000076389035,0.0006634517,0.00016614447,0.0012571451,0.0002444503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99728733,0.00022633988,0.000692171,0.00012944521,0.001592272,0.0000724498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015861163,0.000190243,0.0001942237,0.00010902332,0.00067428575,0.00021871539,0.0006002856,0.00013112898,0.0005614253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020913025,0.00010901345,0.00012271192,0.0003449206,0.0006058541,0.0013577024,0.00003554126,0.00023361051,0.00007887728],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022079391,0.00007032154,0.0010198471,0.000028983453,0.000044191478,5.9111727e-8,0.030416911,0.00023463092,0.00065021915,0.96404076,0.0014619638,0.0018113267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.024411598,0.01110192,0.09222832,0.0040090107,0.00045063376,0.000041872627,0.4896502,0.024099994,0.13353167,0.056662757,0.15992054,0.0038914953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00071660616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009413703,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.907378,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041573777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002584796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6147213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239174526","doi":"10.4018/978-1-60566-170-4.ch008","title":"Language, Logic, and the Brain","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Vocabulary; Natural language; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Context (archaeology); Artificial intelligence; Logical consequence; Logical connective; Programming language; Philosophy; Biology","score_opus":0.02136661493579097,"score_gpt":0.27528524935960924,"score_spread":0.2539186344238183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239174526","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00013108223,0.0029346463,0.000008246006,0.000906907,0.0001983067,0.0002968813,0.000024416866,0.00008568691,0.99541384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1522571,0.0000533151,0.000037799316,0.002965785,0.0007393195,0.000009801446,0.0000030187596,0.000012060979,0.8439218],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991268,0.00006579052,0.00013311846,0.00020905351,0.00025179298,0.0002134456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999534,0.000047963997,0.00010579875,0.00017688303,0.000050155144,0.000085208354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029112148,0.0001650115,0.00020197689,0.000010404914,0.00032643182,0.00007397462,0.00023590357,0.0002863581,0.00032786911],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007238978,0.0000968913,0.00011462093,0.000009658214,0.0006631465,0.00003764081,0.0000790653,0.0001638936,0.00017791831],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023244513,0.0000011683039,0.0000013866661,0.0000035746739,0.000024140838,0.00001869313,0.008350787,9.118173e-9,0.0000020615466,0.97396344,0.00713716,0.0104743345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027305726,0.000016154641,0.000017486731,0.00003364987,0.000050333587,0.000008291307,0.0012179794,2.0574745e-7,0.0000020948526,0.7915662,0.20663802,0.00017655076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0062968656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008594299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19950086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008547772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008263924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.951902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4240957360","doi":"10.1017/s0067237800011668","title":"Communication","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Austrian History Yearbook","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Business","score_opus":0.04755298425265004,"score_gpt":0.286350122353474,"score_spread":0.23879713810082398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4240957360","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03455307,0.002503647,0.00002032929,0.0012002939,0.00028610902,0.00013162679,4.0849105e-7,0.00013937663,0.96116513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7323655,0.0002741611,0.000093041854,0.00030398133,0.00027495524,0.000007607684,0.0000063000475,0.0000046124246,0.26666987],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995051,0.000103359445,0.00006813408,0.00007277927,0.00013052394,0.00012011948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970245,0.000017255154,0.0000360426,0.00015652264,0.000032717668,0.000054994955],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019862514,0.0000362024,0.000045433833,0.000022630647,0.00018812192,0.000009468274,0.00014576707,0.000057542195,0.0039222594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057665275,0.000035357116,0.000028933362,0.00006277931,0.0001281645,0.00015616126,0.000012105842,0.00007163432,0.00069457624],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024932666,0.000070524766,0.0017656572,0.0000022967658,0.00001698803,0.000022872637,0.05181425,0.0000023486696,0.0008721337,0.10230156,0.8082819,0.034824528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000939605,0.00000567664,0.0007975629,0.0000043959794,0.000004971478,7.618847e-7,0.001265556,0.0000015129237,0.0000049497717,0.0002511152,0.9975156,0.00005392453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030043703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014687743,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6978124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006564679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010718782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4242630862","doi":"10.1163/15685373-12340103","title":"Book Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cognition and Culture","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Capilano University","funders":"","keywords":"Cultural transmission in animals; Philosophy of mind; Key (lock); Happening; Acceleration; Cultural history; Sociology; Epistemology; History; Anthropology; Philosophy; Computer science; Art history; Performance art","score_opus":0.0115851830820317,"score_gpt":0.3113479055607478,"score_spread":0.2997627224787161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4242630862","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00043245862,0.9378894,0.000033413617,0.020560453,0.00012563684,0.000040656087,0.0000015732093,0.000006514466,0.0409099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013386211,0.8608404,0.0001566811,0.072703436,0.00079382514,0.0000011064324,0.000009677687,0.000002759032,0.052105904],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99955934,0.00007807305,0.00010968652,0.000033347194,0.00016607769,0.000053468368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993901,0.0000065302706,0.00009159323,0.0000172617,0.00043356483,0.000060931736],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014442755,0.000029073155,0.000079776466,0.0000062166673,0.00012479283,0.000028898303,0.000025556908,0.000037258113,0.002453106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015898957,0.000018933453,0.00005421837,0.00008468457,0.000029204793,0.00024017494,0.0000042522647,0.00008712432,0.000010705569],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030140511,0.000015025883,0.0000032785063,0.00004497333,0.000011608754,0.00003769847,0.0026210223,1.7120781e-8,0.00092737866,0.00041554496,0.9892826,0.0066378242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013334681,0.000015188374,0.000051295945,0.00051194703,0.00005653927,0.000102488506,0.0023591088,7.092073e-8,0.0003096526,0.00060325227,0.99582446,0.000032667354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000015807059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015184685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.077048995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009920142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000057247536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243935925","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-32979-6_100","title":"Typology and Natural Kinds in Evo-Devo","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Typology; Natural (archaeology); Evolutionary developmental biology; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Geography; Paleontology; Archaeology","score_opus":0.013425188343192007,"score_gpt":0.2776901657750401,"score_spread":0.26426497743184807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243935925","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012864191,0.0050127553,5.7052375e-7,0.0010411394,0.00029956666,0.00007613857,0.0000016338703,0.000026521255,0.9922553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.10358019,0.0006787121,0.000049431714,0.00034839418,0.00028624255,0.0000015133604,0.0000216831,0.000005725753,0.8950281],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994063,0.000027039336,0.00010083652,0.00018199494,0.00013397692,0.00014989237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997877,0.00002791866,0.000033351702,0.000065279695,0.000045261222,0.000040512252],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010111771,0.00009167138,0.00014959907,0.000038989194,0.00009239375,0.00002760314,0.00007212387,0.00030548556,0.0045571923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003797815,0.000071304356,0.000039733022,0.000026932477,0.00015355993,0.00007256725,0.000042546937,0.00022121007,0.00006447098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002747332,0.0000023656423,0.00006513866,0.0000044965773,0.000009164813,0.00004611572,0.0024952802,2.5294588e-8,0.000018468352,0.9864134,0.0028132768,0.008129478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002012908,0.00001971513,0.0012028845,0.00006628397,0.000021132524,0.000010335702,0.005083283,0.0000022614545,0.000007630459,0.026637277,0.9664301,0.00031776223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026047826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06230356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96361685,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007612044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000085396234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244497365","doi":"10.1121/1.4799460","title":"Acoustic differences in the speaking and singing voice","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of meetings on acoustics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Singing; Speech recognition; Loudness; Quality (philosophy); Psychology; Computer science; Communication; Acoustics","score_opus":0.016595378722727174,"score_gpt":0.25668984445767784,"score_spread":0.24009446573495066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4244497365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97396284,0.00009049572,0.00001952423,0.0010302499,0.00005391809,0.0002351212,5.590363e-7,0.000032928554,0.024574371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99884397,0.00009839107,0.0004158021,0.00028739093,0.00017592327,0.000012703678,2.9544714e-7,0.0000059971444,0.00015955261],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989823,0.000015349342,0.00018566468,0.0001573814,0.00039179195,0.00026748114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993001,0.00023069746,0.00015489281,0.000031679243,0.00023835368,0.000044262437],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006755026,0.00009801908,0.00013241843,0.000060526476,0.00030502817,0.00017839497,0.00023784774,0.00007357798,0.000023210468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015477319,0.00006342445,0.000020858897,0.00030098058,0.00020036902,0.00027702664,0.00003353191,0.00016580557,0.000009211303],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045302644,0.00035213766,0.17913766,0.0005813922,0.00003431193,0.0000062327495,0.45455578,0.00006375055,0.3021556,0.023844365,0.0057819155,0.03344152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061619055,0.00026685625,0.31341618,0.0009612966,0.00011963082,0.000008553751,0.6707398,0.0045420765,0.00084229873,0.007125372,0.0007627148,0.00059899344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013209007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007096992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3013133,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003529832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001754042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2586374},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244861412","doi":"10.1002/9780470609880.index","title":"Index","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Index (typography); Science Citation Index; Citation; Library science; Environmental ethics; Philosophy; Computer science","score_opus":0.013344387759225737,"score_gpt":0.3204317893429251,"score_spread":0.30708740158369935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4244861412","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002976523,0.00038297227,0.00005327751,0.0006437652,0.0029375094,0.0000933798,0.000005174452,0.000036180056,0.9955501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.020699043,0.00025718616,0.000035788424,0.00034546343,0.0024687154,0.0000060039606,0.000052326177,0.0000050732083,0.9761304],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999407,0.000038363032,0.00006505133,0.00011543069,0.00020705127,0.00016712949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997391,0.000011874245,0.00003921587,0.0000900599,0.00005776052,0.000061997096],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010369826,0.000067966226,0.00008674133,0.000020173788,0.00024412817,0.00006347042,0.00017741887,0.00049737724,0.14810242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034524903,0.000047696692,0.00005273334,0.00008662314,0.00009214486,0.00007716635,0.000019062029,0.00030597378,0.042148203],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.898074e-7,0.0000039483566,0.000003783903,0.0000023194118,0.0000035457456,5.855695e-7,0.0017193189,1.239421e-7,0.00002834314,0.0027709932,0.9908614,0.004605031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002597495,0.0000024986487,0.00002370315,0.0000050337644,0.0000033255185,1.680673e-7,0.0012742977,5.2973735e-7,0.000014847572,0.00012314117,0.99843484,0.00009161819],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01698323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.025771877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10595422,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037278147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017401141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9920052},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4245799059","doi":"10.5840/cpsem2004/20053","title":"From Semiotics to Semioethics","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Semiotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Semiotics; Art; Linguistics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03342726866327654,"score_gpt":0.3124153931031105,"score_spread":0.27898812443983395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4245799059","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00032719973,0.0009363951,0.0003736185,0.0062816665,0.0018085844,0.00050724833,0.0002524816,0.00030302387,0.9892098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013327814,0.0015178809,0.0039008525,0.0041352957,0.006326168,0.0000027438382,0.0003247088,0.00010561454,0.9703589],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976316,0.000055269305,0.00040021795,0.0005047354,0.0009048155,0.0005033678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983732,0.00021124279,0.0002064426,0.0004906017,0.00030561045,0.00041290707],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041404713,0.0003731962,0.00044479483,0.000079004436,0.00046030185,0.00012785269,0.00054634264,0.0012758209,0.0022398443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048786457,0.00035667382,0.00022089576,0.00009110283,0.00027889982,0.00011217795,0.00015071926,0.0008747091,0.0018946851],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012986082,0.00002366007,0.000017662529,0.00003599537,0.00011420721,0.00008211595,0.03857124,0.00023887346,0.0000645898,0.8886364,0.06791069,0.0042915377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001390853,0.000037877573,0.000013184748,0.0004816188,0.00015178749,0.0000010298918,0.0019145496,0.000005367743,0.000055405315,0.22145112,0.7751616,0.0005873243],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004181115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006062318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70725095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00091973675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000681075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247640395","doi":"10.3765/salt.v0i0.2928","title":"Quantifiers, \"Again\" and the Complexity of Verb Phrases","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Verb; Computer science; Natural language processing; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","score_opus":0.05410028857925258,"score_gpt":0.29264900867935195,"score_spread":0.23854872010009937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4247640395","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95560104,0.004012215,0.00017551219,0.0012159428,0.00033253274,0.0002155298,0.000017470747,0.00004494761,0.0383848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99877554,0.00020660245,0.0003071466,0.00009682465,0.0004103071,0.0000023076775,0.0000035407859,0.0000047692065,0.00019295438],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935055,0.0000476645,0.00013892971,0.00013684187,0.00019069467,0.00013531363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993289,0.00020415167,0.00010637196,0.000045828096,0.0002264398,0.00008829481],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011412917,0.0000760576,0.0001649929,0.000017085122,0.00026454384,0.00007670967,0.00010792829,0.000050510185,0.0000139487975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003391812,0.00004758252,0.000025970474,0.00008039788,0.0017860024,0.00004912824,0.000056912148,0.00007821744,0.0000017265081],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009029391,0.000011760644,0.0009779776,0.000016265043,0.000018350873,8.497059e-7,0.08094796,4.6459533e-8,0.0000834945,0.9172202,0.0001799725,0.00045284312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006505205,0.000023859116,0.00076528353,0.000054203174,0.00009148907,0.00000114418,0.061291292,0.00026010687,0.00013799721,0.9324989,0.004125206,0.000100028716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019726343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010994972,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.043174498,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012023356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003525737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248785488","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/rzywc","title":"Structure is Management of Uncertainty in Groups","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Ambiguity; Salient; Bayesian inference; Artificial intelligence; Bayesian network; Computer science; Bayesian probability; Inference; Sociology; Contrast (vision); Epistemology; Social psychology; Psychology","score_opus":0.023622380824102146,"score_gpt":0.3080369648012776,"score_spread":0.28441458397717545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248785488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7114451,0.00071725436,0.00013417767,0.010137165,0.000705131,0.000996764,0.000082577324,0.00011367962,0.27566817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99701154,0.00022302597,0.0003882108,0.00030691945,0.000110347,0.0000057916814,0.00003211591,0.0000031460909,0.0019188835],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991885,0.000057548114,0.00015237795,0.0002084705,0.00026675864,0.00012638042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997289,0.000006025149,0.000074006726,0.00011899754,0.00003284655,0.000039193365],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009258018,0.00008298316,0.00014794178,0.00002150014,0.000040334733,0.000020736554,0.00025271796,0.00016106469,0.0016878456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000088286,0.00006321559,0.00006412535,0.00015530197,0.00005414614,0.00003831634,0.0002358753,0.0001830539,0.000009358619],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006569659,0.000095287665,0.0024430896,0.001386656,0.00030069958,0.00009609149,0.2946053,0.0019949772,0.00038245966,0.6127734,0.031845998,0.054010306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012555276,0.00006894986,0.051324718,0.0009764956,0.0002266267,5.83197e-7,0.3171746,0.0012688403,0.0006189182,0.5713198,0.05439026,0.0013746422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014219125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009105199,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2855665,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000111657966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004315708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250252040","doi":"10.1111/apce.12249","title":"Issue Information","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Wageningen University and Research; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies; Universidad de Zaragoza; Université Paris Diderot; Université de Lille; Université de Liège; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; University of Missouri; Université de Toulouse; Concordia University; Toyo University; Universidad de Cantabria; London School of Economics and Political Science","keywords":"Annals; Citation; Computer science; World Wide Web; Information retrieval; Library science; History; Classics","score_opus":0.06598280760411027,"score_gpt":0.327184147098171,"score_spread":0.26120133949406077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4250252040","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00815785,0.0031481266,0.00017718528,0.037839066,0.0011726482,0.000357996,0.00035700618,0.000021403586,0.94876873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35323104,0.10707524,0.00014907174,0.02276566,0.0045285197,0.00007420187,0.0030312277,0.000034222303,0.5091108],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999254,0.00010961192,0.0002647874,0.0001260176,0.00006527127,0.00018029746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917847,0.000029349407,0.00022319962,0.00007022268,0.00036453805,0.00013423007],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025649194,0.00012051412,0.0002570977,0.000050602986,0.00023228435,0.0002231602,0.00015328928,0.00020249655,0.0036316365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015944154,0.00010704454,0.000055563436,0.00010310049,0.00019707016,0.0013166923,0.000048967562,0.00009891722,0.0021225556],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073672677,0.000010820399,0.000007848002,0.000031103365,0.00007013974,1.1077286e-7,0.025414214,0.0000143433945,0.0000018065992,0.054917898,0.8842895,0.03523482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000756744,0.000048578964,0.000020694597,0.000010578899,0.000004972208,1.59e-7,0.009548501,0.000040401617,0.000050468512,0.00011430462,0.9899521,0.00013360228],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00063492596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039311187,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4396579,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003177063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060543953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254277054","doi":"10.4018/978-1-59904-063-9.ch002","title":"Morphological Semiosis","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bishop's University","funders":"","keywords":"Semiosis; Construct (python library); Sign (mathematics); Cartesian coordinate system; Computer science; Mediation; Function (biology); Artificial intelligence; Communication; Cognitive science; Mathematics; Psychology; Epistemology; Sociology; Semiotics; Geometry","score_opus":0.04242082776759072,"score_gpt":0.3118909117223513,"score_spread":0.2694700839547606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254277054","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003509092,0.0005536689,0.00002737513,0.00013418034,0.00040554776,0.00021316484,0.00005042909,0.00020533003,0.9980594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.18873045,0.000034093515,0.00024088174,0.0016974768,0.0016159795,0.0000058838677,0.000009145334,0.000018072364,0.807648],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985348,0.000028980414,0.00021512744,0.00031604778,0.00051999185,0.00038506291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993712,0.000026372178,0.00012055766,0.00018376761,0.00010452002,0.00019362087],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025507677,0.00022052387,0.00025084437,0.000022452432,0.0003069686,0.000060783907,0.0002840308,0.0007459424,0.00085143483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050901483,0.00017820971,0.00022049352,0.000019435527,0.00028427376,0.000041273528,0.00006760614,0.00024601273,0.0008511878],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009947601,0.000003748604,0.000011138751,0.000003132249,0.000021720209,0.00017724259,0.0004116492,1.01200804e-7,0.000010130406,0.97859806,0.011563572,0.009189564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012320178,0.000039220078,0.00005037011,0.00006348514,0.00006212312,0.000023288208,0.00030516315,3.091361e-7,0.000010015781,0.3018923,0.6970607,0.00036979935],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015026594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030267541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68549716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045455783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012996909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992675},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256644366","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/gvfsn","title":"Conceptual Relations Predict Colexification across Languages","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Polysemy; Variation (astronomy); Linguistics; Lexicon; Cognition; Associative property; Phenomenon; Constraint (computer-aided design); Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Natural language processing; Epistemology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.05213457525385839,"score_gpt":0.37840756388038044,"score_spread":0.32627298862652204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4256644366","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2578993,0.0021445584,0.005659131,0.030764937,0.0013825059,0.0018426605,0.00044787244,0.0018657532,0.6979933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97291464,0.0000959231,0.00052970706,0.00035998123,0.0009778802,0.000058480782,0.0004240644,0.000009080867,0.024630234],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987557,0.00016543173,0.0001931413,0.00031058348,0.00035047714,0.00022465165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937963,0.000051621868,0.00012824498,0.0001833063,0.00013574677,0.00012147176],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023835141,0.00011724256,0.00014357263,0.000012953577,0.0004955377,0.00014106088,0.0002874698,0.0003408374,0.0014889903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037824843,0.00010144007,0.00009743835,0.00014597575,0.0003201871,0.00014897487,0.00017862263,0.00035362606,0.00045855268],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001669629,0.000057542624,0.0023128486,0.00002515197,0.00008251159,0.0000112402895,0.4525132,0.00017622864,0.00053959276,0.43133673,0.10777176,0.0051565147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043004344,0.000047217378,0.020954173,0.000101634396,0.000105827865,9.917702e-7,0.57862604,0.0003988302,0.00031675817,0.009763677,0.38851905,0.0007357978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0055390806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046524396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71501535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016368396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024118625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280645526","doi":"10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.164","title":"Richer Countries and Richer Representations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Embedding; Space (punctuation); Vocabulary; Inequality; Computer science; Word lists by frequency; Word (group theory); Power (physics); Work (physics); Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Econometrics; Linguistics; Economics; Mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.011301511035746859,"score_gpt":0.2913571103954506,"score_spread":0.28005559935970376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4280645526","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77753884,0.0021670866,0.0029631164,0.04112996,0.014243763,0.004831013,0.004846826,0.00044628777,0.15183309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815366,0.000008716802,0.0007078441,0.00042167204,0.0003707726,0.00004840012,0.00011680991,0.000008200016,0.016780932],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871594,0.00014626535,0.00020430888,0.00013721503,0.00064811023,0.00014818176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983123,0.000684189,0.000310003,0.00006214724,0.00060321734,0.00002813005],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089178595,0.000059972142,0.00009939229,0.000045331515,0.001554275,0.000051266925,0.00019022198,0.000041460073,0.00021881987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050646365,0.000055186592,0.000081334714,0.00027918644,0.00006393354,0.00004638763,0.00011537827,0.00011510126,0.0000041576636],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037926453,0.000084157175,0.12740216,0.000023851051,0.00013954936,4.087957e-7,0.01961311,0.014888928,0.000036658414,0.7263254,0.1113366,0.000111275396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078464614,0.00005572439,0.09726987,0.00001011489,0.00013745725,7.1947545e-7,0.007958835,0.0027797522,0.000039301554,0.11980134,0.7709326,0.00022965207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037572146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007615402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65959597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044291565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014703046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99974555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281737750","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2122604119","title":"Crosslinguistic word order variation reflects evolutionary pressures of dependency and information locality","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Dependency (UML); Word order; Locality; Word (group theory); Order (exchange); Computer science; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Economics","score_opus":0.027131572725566634,"score_gpt":0.3265448277407708,"score_spread":0.29941325501520416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281737750","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9728946,0.00047372968,0.000012240219,0.0025119546,0.000068993104,0.00032960522,0.000038873433,0.00001874603,0.023651259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990759,0.00002917876,0.00058999273,0.000118795215,0.000053417803,0.000011029717,6.855524e-7,9.750366e-7,0.00012005446],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99809045,0.00002893224,0.00027416353,0.00010502202,0.001397815,0.00010360806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988279,0.00008635441,0.00048031093,0.000005705463,0.0005780818,0.000021696897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017393884,0.000047609414,0.0000857663,0.0000905355,0.0008125522,0.00002138737,0.00036929612,0.00004714657,0.00005424027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002004904,0.000035077555,0.00002668461,0.00089366484,0.0006554226,0.0010592147,0.00013880609,0.00011255301,2.7785936e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007928869,0.00010427605,0.01480089,0.00018057332,0.000030327883,7.644228e-9,0.025700442,0.0015020504,0.042123243,0.9122713,0.0009900877,0.0022175126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041138032,0.00012586125,0.6286224,0.00007638047,0.000050106308,0.0000064592523,0.010965149,0.0027322066,0.005843855,0.34383768,0.007125761,0.00020275681],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003579898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000019004226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6138215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006728931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011192699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6249577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282914018","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.007","title":"Understanding hunter–gatherer cultural evolution needs network thinking","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Generalitat Valenciana; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Generalitat de Catalunya; European Commission","keywords":"Hunter-gatherer; Sociology; Anthropology; Geography; Archaeology","score_opus":0.06395998203829041,"score_gpt":0.3132109221301266,"score_spread":0.24925094009183618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4282914018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92994815,0.001092776,0.0025956517,0.0035328409,0.0031979126,0.00031071226,0.000008614771,0.00037482253,0.05893854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943855,0.000023826573,0.00011989546,0.00018687668,0.00064201804,0.00008315579,0.00006496211,0.000013766283,0.004480038],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973027,0.0008545054,0.00032070378,0.00030879016,0.0004543972,0.0007588747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946404,0.00007825268,0.00018004816,0.00015523595,0.000046748646,0.00007568647],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012716055,0.00016449862,0.00021617807,0.00035363602,0.002548092,0.000050547762,0.00033358228,0.00019103421,0.0020604362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006762327,0.00016407944,0.00012362555,0.0019464252,0.00022828756,0.000545512,0.0001627081,0.0004854974,0.00003508954],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000115412484,0.00017133783,0.35393733,0.0000058014743,0.000050487626,0.000018046954,0.05711987,0.023818854,0.00014638192,0.54508173,0.018201444,0.0013332997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016675834,0.00035951872,0.63536453,0.00003681204,0.000093667564,0.000037562197,0.24060678,0.0042434167,0.0000025347695,0.09757709,0.019296464,0.0007140352],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030171962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.035285458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44750464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008686563,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012413012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99885184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4284882210","doi":"10.1017/9781108955638.006","title":"The Evolution of Working Memory and Language","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Language evolution; Working memory; Cognitive science; Linguistics; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Recall; Computer science; Cognition; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.019824886762508886,"score_gpt":0.21271813233742884,"score_spread":0.19289324557491996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4284882210","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00139316,0.0026811936,0.000010486715,0.000034169567,0.00017190518,0.00021529601,0.00002926774,0.000045176123,0.9954193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04644611,0.00038943902,0.0000072174357,0.000010123719,0.00012613619,4.5845718e-7,0.000008549043,0.00000841269,0.9530035],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992198,0.00008957267,0.00008868091,0.0001726126,0.00027667702,0.0001527061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947464,0.000081751496,0.00016239865,0.00017052356,0.00005478506,0.000055889726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022695593,0.000104422434,0.00013123725,0.0000421835,0.0009788834,0.000024816867,0.00026890912,0.00012682118,0.000015505471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019722176,0.00009286539,0.00008538258,0.000010545605,0.000429683,0.00006370892,0.00020739359,0.00023102203,0.000001127869],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002582163,0.0000016046292,0.000002740687,0.000010606864,0.000033245924,0.00002634026,0.0029824446,4.8854685e-7,0.000039400664,0.98871773,0.0032280525,0.0049314895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001332452,0.000014541479,0.000024258588,0.000038811253,0.00008211061,0.0000017927836,0.015037051,0.0000039565775,0.000017249056,0.000023250395,0.9844948,0.00012893819],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006165711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037982853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9886945,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041334532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011979284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9320752},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285198650","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1641","title":"Elisabetta Visalberghi","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Art","score_opus":0.021138352883009998,"score_gpt":0.2790666550577375,"score_spread":0.2579283021747275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285198650","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000010880797,0.0006687621,0.0000024992164,0.0012710214,0.0004236316,0.0001303107,0.000009024797,0.00013102614,0.99735284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0011809127,0.00040520617,0.000029439589,0.00066982664,0.00070229423,0.0000062208487,0.000057822737,0.000014914297,0.99693334],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909556,0.000023338425,0.00010884742,0.00018306034,0.0004227752,0.00016644587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996708,0.000028338744,0.000061235,0.00013328982,0.000037959853,0.00006838918],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015589861,0.000107316104,0.000121669545,0.00002782157,0.00047374857,0.000036935264,0.00021067324,0.00016236267,0.20445535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026026872,0.00008906651,0.00011544735,0.000022845965,0.00009708122,0.00011501695,0.000069331036,0.00020767887,0.00095250894],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011468821,0.0000023675523,0.0000010335735,0.0000017186067,0.0000117122545,0.0000050866092,0.0018606719,1.7503929e-7,0.000003031499,0.8902225,0.102999456,0.004891091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000033662058,0.000010951369,0.0000026432267,0.000005502157,0.00001769303,5.2272026e-7,0.000699642,3.0338322e-7,0.0000010838019,0.016448308,0.98262906,0.00015063053],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035237428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005405347,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8796296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018675829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010293525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99982536},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285245912","doi":"10.18653/v1/2022.lchange-1.2","title":"Language Acquisition, Neutral Change, and Diachronic Trends in Noun Classifiers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Classifier (UML); Ambiguity; Computer science; Categorization; Artificial intelligence; Noun; Population; Mandarin Chinese; Natural language processing; Speech recognition; Machine learning; Linguistics","score_opus":0.031069641592704925,"score_gpt":0.3062419235609651,"score_spread":0.27517228196826016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285245912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9220237,0.0009912201,0.0000020061714,0.0032577778,0.00013984396,0.00008349357,0.0000072113066,0.00005711698,0.07343763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879559,0.000040481154,0.000013207191,0.0005006165,0.00018087377,0.000046917932,0.000027960788,0.0000030260996,0.011230984],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993725,0.0001162681,0.0000639339,0.00012039936,0.00013410531,0.00019283831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986625,0.000010744597,0.000019070525,0.00005025799,0.0000073331,0.000046372872],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020207725,0.000044822482,0.00005795552,0.0000656729,0.00035890308,0.000026478037,0.00007289376,0.000026846381,0.0034315102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000048133,0.000038972088,0.000024107658,0.00036256594,0.000056886067,0.00020002837,0.000040503746,0.0000874727,0.0000069262915],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050447383,0.00021468055,0.021962786,0.000012291721,0.000021502714,0.000114241244,0.6060047,0.000018956353,0.0020134589,0.13138594,0.022459323,0.21574166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014497386,0.0002105021,0.360305,0.000009244551,0.000023427285,0.00001087509,0.5133734,0.00032759184,0.000088998604,0.0011517089,0.12253378,0.00051573373],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010794657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02062855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33834222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016772679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020694713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4298249988","doi":"10.1075/slcs.144.12har","title":"Symbol grounding and the origin of language","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in language companion series","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Symbol (formal); Ground; Arithmetic; Computer science; Linguistics; Mathematics; Programming language; Philosophy; Engineering; Electrical engineering","score_opus":0.04790833591981807,"score_gpt":0.3440843835339545,"score_spread":0.2961760476141364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4298249988","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11090478,0.14322871,0.000005170755,0.0011199202,0.0012205853,0.0011865909,0.00003518758,0.00013320424,0.74216586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.63977975,0.010047584,0.00009195801,0.00011044409,0.0006279938,0.000040323837,0.000018650986,0.000025183406,0.3492581],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986903,0.00014436238,0.00034294874,0.00023457999,0.0003481714,0.0002396561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99910337,0.00027338977,0.00024626218,0.00021923914,0.000119964025,0.000037760874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058151,0.00023253453,0.0005887295,0.00008084692,0.00033230847,0.00004925462,0.00023682523,0.00015172527,0.00045894418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024729586,0.00014373436,0.00009841956,0.00007815734,0.0020995592,0.00025102918,0.00019036583,0.00025896236,0.000030599407],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034228724,0.0000051741963,0.0000428304,0.00011607359,0.000112145666,0.000021815102,0.4083804,3.3473674e-7,0.000050961506,0.58606845,0.0015458702,0.00362171],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091961597,0.000044745415,0.0002250768,0.0007687284,0.00011514272,0.000013006038,0.9254381,0.0000022793322,0.000042804837,0.014002144,0.057996146,0.00043223155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030808172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0058359676,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5720663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001222075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000036555826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77359134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4299693331","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.3781","title":"An Agent-based Model of the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Origins\\n of Creative Cultural Evolution","year":2013,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"","keywords":"Chaining; Novelty; Forward chaining; Recall; Imitation; Computer science; Convergence (economics); Set (abstract data type); Cognition; Swarm behaviour; Backward chaining; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Inference; Social psychology; Developmental psychology","score_opus":0.13646297188786127,"score_gpt":0.2509092902291871,"score_spread":0.11444631834132585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4299693331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8653134,0.00008019531,0.13033243,0.00009004336,0.00032614628,0.0012157303,0.00012095126,0.000036233363,0.0024848646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981026,0.00015380948,0.00009781449,0.00006598975,0.000039552055,0.000004561465,0.000032729404,0.00001600031,0.0014869082],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99676687,0.0011927518,0.00040771815,0.00078089477,0.00038829446,0.0004634609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965366,0.00017042513,0.0011785316,0.00063048804,0.0013272947,0.00015666013],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005329665,0.0004160205,0.00046888788,0.00008983344,0.0012401027,0.0000703704,0.001431905,0.0004743234,0.00027827075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012441885,0.00026301778,0.0005867271,0.0010348614,0.0016566901,0.00082648697,0.00034230412,0.0005997278,0.000024207095],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017310161,0.00028955005,0.00037389708,0.00009334716,0.00026844014,0.0000028777447,0.02941582,0.40621868,0.009875487,0.55301934,0.000019108422,0.0002503274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094400946,0.00018835663,0.0037042105,0.0005353582,0.0010508017,5.041534e-7,0.2075656,0.71411794,0.0025585778,0.068805434,0.000009530696,0.0005196859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02606577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035741518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48421395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012384311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00080266123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4303411345","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2022.35","title":"Conquer primal fear: Phonological features are innate and substance-free","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Phonetics; Articulation (sociology); Coarticulation; Linguistics; Markedness; Cognitive science; Psychology; Phonology; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Vowel; Neuroscience; Philosophy","score_opus":0.01320105250537075,"score_gpt":0.24713895665704744,"score_spread":0.2339379041516767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4303411345","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94900805,0.006956941,0.000019006116,0.010254401,0.0029805526,0.0002975309,0.0002075839,0.00003126492,0.030244691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943281,0.00008976954,0.0003712889,0.0007762564,0.0026531,0.000007361794,0.0000054913253,0.000018300832,0.0017503485],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980535,0.000574996,0.00032744106,0.00016960569,0.00017108132,0.00070337375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99726045,0.0002928382,0.0003897082,0.00023149325,0.00091368146,0.0009118297],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002397518,0.00015017005,0.00026255057,0.00014100253,0.0016715549,0.0001525019,0.0007777177,0.00014658709,0.00017354131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.020369312,0.00012400076,0.00008826303,0.00029002482,0.0005541509,0.00002346746,0.000045714707,0.0010742155,8.3794373e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010537401,0.000026155249,0.014573195,0.000043634685,0.0001122258,0.0071965875,0.15179951,0.00047975391,0.000054889948,0.80807364,0.01680907,0.0007259507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005344868,0.0001563629,0.016254101,0.00009408061,0.00009981804,0.0009098754,0.022214388,0.000036284466,0.00002278945,0.04428252,0.9150478,0.00034746525],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.26368284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.96615684,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8982388,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014083482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025166497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996281},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307445554","doi":"10.22148/001c.38739","title":"Biodiversity is not declining in fiction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Replicate; Matching (statistics); Taxon; Analytics; Computer science; Diversity (politics); Biodiversity; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Information retrieval; Sociology; Statistics; Ecology; Mathematics; Biology","score_opus":0.05539905594160905,"score_gpt":0.32604144732637425,"score_spread":0.2706423913847652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307445554","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927498,0.0001673829,0.000013438949,0.0043465644,0.00033853707,0.000032328087,0.000005884773,0.000006676732,0.0023393498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99773425,0.00014207837,0.0000939429,0.00065273116,0.0001934726,2.3884803e-7,0.0000021056835,9.376421e-7,0.0011802451],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99902415,0.0001162893,0.00022325729,0.000057459314,0.00045320173,0.00012565218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948865,0.00002412531,0.0002346989,0.000032056138,0.00016444126,0.00005604641],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056730193,0.000044863096,0.00011200399,0.00006627567,0.0004742064,0.000037950187,0.00016220118,0.000030831772,0.0006608574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011206642,0.000033105454,0.00011645342,0.00037672883,0.00004164918,0.0003544991,0.00003777034,0.0002481927,0.000007960026],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00050189,0.0004491405,0.1172084,0.000020161846,0.00024951735,0.00047813365,0.49239367,0.0089283185,0.004600443,0.0030236295,0.35469925,0.017447442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013731583,0.00033921617,0.042079076,0.0000305939,0.00016228856,0.000075515105,0.47901848,0.0007895542,0.00037752735,0.0006396379,0.4747857,0.0003292524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007574987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035407147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.120086454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031839358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006618431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7235925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310005526","doi":"10.9461/foo.bar","title":"TRB Platinum Check (REVIEWS) - SCAM ALERT? READ MY EXPERIENCE!","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Platinum; Computer security; Human–computer interaction; Chemistry","score_opus":0.0583009550053445,"score_gpt":0.3005560526727003,"score_spread":0.2422550976673558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310005526","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09555214,0.0015737262,0.00042143022,0.0029727675,0.0004918017,0.0013317228,0.0001482369,0.0014496134,0.89605856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9679625,0.00068835483,0.00018525438,0.00062704337,0.00054081954,7.120968e-7,0.0010844582,0.0005982297,0.028312633],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99768513,0.0008159802,0.00021941496,0.0003219457,0.00057942275,0.0003781196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992652,0.000013505448,0.00011265979,0.00026820193,0.00018316688,0.0001572928],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00090166717,0.000100835976,0.00012833647,0.00008190086,0.0075672,0.0003694349,0.000947603,0.000039068706,0.11481835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00064998673,0.00009801541,0.00006694782,0.00074229174,0.00020851241,0.0003663397,0.0007730757,0.00024403988,0.004788185],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047154175,0.00016105513,0.000009626389,0.000022956567,0.000018804596,0.00001955778,0.11432256,0.00002795893,0.0046064863,0.013589216,0.5886896,0.278485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018930074,0.00008393519,0.00018873016,0.0000086481,0.0000060127195,0.000018890549,0.021216353,0.00003640423,0.000053828826,0.0001141279,0.9779473,0.00013646326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027626488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006068992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87241036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031338513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007638395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310157166","doi":"10.1038/s41562-022-01483-8","title":"Valence-dependent mutation in lexical evolution","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Human Behaviour","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust","keywords":"Valence (chemistry); Cognate; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Noun; Population; Linguistics; Computer science; Natural language processing; Neuroscience; Demography; Sociology","score_opus":0.013477320944804038,"score_gpt":0.33139815611085444,"score_spread":0.3179208351660504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310157166","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99269533,0.0005426538,0.000014426213,0.0005182834,0.0004273103,0.00022738955,0.000013157608,0.000086304644,0.0054751183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954187,0.0000033933188,0.000022269356,0.00012721556,0.00020561126,0.00005254216,0.00006532769,0.0000061771916,0.0040987213],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985393,0.00026592007,0.00013893883,0.00020371305,0.00062480045,0.0002273211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997416,0.000012410845,0.000058117086,0.0000901983,0.000047698308,0.000049966322],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004946426,0.00006970231,0.000077395736,0.000088803936,0.00094027276,0.000032535667,0.00019670065,0.0001625526,0.001401917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004599853,0.00006935323,0.000050886865,0.0003028637,0.00005358468,0.00020044467,0.000052786516,0.000743368,0.000018954534],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009784723,0.001204859,0.3383434,0.000018664417,0.000017493761,0.0006202127,0.10036046,0.00046546914,0.007607515,0.5249014,0.017517803,0.008844862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012113878,0.00021040037,0.90992135,0.000020824886,0.000047820788,0.00002689444,0.06205037,0.000037665213,0.00017836328,0.015938362,0.009852998,0.0005035617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00397404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008747165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5715779,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000828282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000075062686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99951094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313270554","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0278389","title":"Chaining and the temporal dynamics of scientists’ publishing behaviour","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Colleges and Universities","keywords":"Chaining; Publishing; Data science; Publication; Computer science; Meaning (existential); Scale (ratio); Dynamics (music); Philosophy of science; Order (exchange); Epistemology; Sociology; Psychology; Political science","score_opus":0.041491837834195335,"score_gpt":0.25054419055701116,"score_spread":0.20905235272281583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313270554","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98829645,0.00023693284,0.0000061834626,0.004622773,0.000050100374,0.00012143709,0.000014668599,0.000020696438,0.00663073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997649,0.000009941852,0.000118910146,0.000084686784,0.000053992757,0.0000134936,0.000020801765,0.0000022735328,0.0020468675],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991587,0.00013545254,0.000077273406,0.000076957556,0.00044663914,0.0001049991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976677,0.0000333623,0.000066624314,0.000059346396,0.00004829131,0.000025613617],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010387821,0.000026669151,0.00006937339,0.000020848023,0.0008040768,0.000119439625,0.00015989497,0.00001586371,0.0002019776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023226053,0.000019139186,0.000018856734,0.00022133328,0.0002166699,0.00028512382,0.00011299472,0.00010923797,5.273711e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000091284324,0.0007721522,0.30971086,0.000043767486,0.00011456128,0.000010994285,0.26432523,0.00001126806,0.000858767,0.41651395,0.0012201999,0.006326967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006028522,0.00028283938,0.06477181,0.00017525605,0.0005153356,0.000008212468,0.88759923,0.015369992,0.0004456648,0.021297636,0.0027938476,0.0007116802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057416786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002619294,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62327397,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000740431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004350932,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86797386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313449193","doi":"10.1038/s42256-022-00591-4","title":"Language and culture internalization for human-like autotelic AI","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Machine Intelligence","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Microsoft (Canada)","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Cognitive science; Cognition; Computer science; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.009562203511417676,"score_gpt":0.3544471511249803,"score_spread":0.34488494761356264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313449193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4601173,0.12590633,0.31427467,0.02838032,0.008809839,0.006183125,0.000736003,0.002007676,0.053584725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868179,0.00007199345,0.00025985093,0.0021875235,0.00028165895,0.000049500177,0.00010814983,0.000009233561,0.010214199],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906486,0.000106882486,0.00012966043,0.00022156232,0.00028941114,0.00018759993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996624,0.000032757725,0.00006672824,0.000098408564,0.00008281009,0.000056884564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033472807,0.00009596273,0.00009500997,0.000046124238,0.00095688284,0.00006964721,0.0002590946,0.00011978017,0.00056267966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001501381,0.0000793214,0.000056083052,0.00024591442,0.00007088067,0.00014858104,0.00009222875,0.000490629,0.0000045067018],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012431457,0.00018674199,0.0020226731,0.000088710076,0.00007645006,0.00003755767,0.3402818,0.0003809669,0.009881034,0.4499409,0.049892914,0.14708593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031667465,0.0003184517,0.00046038584,0.000036813533,0.00006132028,0.000040475992,0.036187023,0.0028499542,0.0034337544,0.042042736,0.91367924,0.0005731412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018781419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002442268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86378634,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011156641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002939202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73596656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313459314","doi":"10.1162/tacl_a_00524","title":"The Emergence of Argument Structure in Artificial Languages","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Word order; Transitive relation; Predicate (mathematical logic); Natural language processing; Contrast (vision); Artificial intelligence; Argument (complex analysis); Sentence; Natural language; Relation (database); Object (grammar); Verb; Mathematics; Programming language","score_opus":0.012503081893501404,"score_gpt":0.29884191553172335,"score_spread":0.28633883363822193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313459314","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8321181,0.0024451392,0.07438308,0.02597017,0.023029631,0.0067771096,0.007725867,0.00023113722,0.027319774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985945,0.000006599138,0.0004411562,0.000020788313,0.00010629057,0.000016256405,0.000018643455,0.0000028631137,0.00079286285],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906373,0.00013447866,0.00022520796,0.000058434423,0.00042269012,0.00009547989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989393,0.00041104987,0.00024498993,0.000054142216,0.00033995393,0.00001060028],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046730405,0.000035840127,0.00006458729,0.000024531168,0.0008686617,0.000009643785,0.00017538163,0.000025701087,0.000064538835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008802375,0.0000266692,0.00007919663,0.00027278066,0.00004587643,0.000015115395,0.0000075625026,0.000092226546,2.457977e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004390841,0.00011407888,0.002346295,0.000013215792,0.000062894265,9.998737e-8,0.012531224,0.67230093,0.00022009287,0.30940196,0.0009909768,0.0019743189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017566956,0.00031147228,0.05637022,0.000050451923,0.00039422378,0.0000010864583,0.12918621,0.04208656,0.0027759445,0.58354515,0.18291764,0.0006043684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005127078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019628424,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6302144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017031857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012820978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6681131},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313894245","doi":"10.3389/fnbot.2022.944986","title":"Small steps for mankind: Modeling the emergence of cumulative culture from joint active inference communication","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Operationalization; Inference; Computer science; Probabilistic logic; Convergence (economics); Cultural transmission in animals; Artificial intelligence; Generative grammar; Social learning; Process (computing); Generative model; Machine learning; Joint (building); Belief propagation; Epistemology; Algorithm; Economics; Knowledge management","score_opus":0.1078169449662295,"score_gpt":0.3331924211830379,"score_spread":0.22537547621680837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313894245","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.67383325,0.0013666562,0.3113821,0.005271459,0.002342889,0.0021762643,0.00015268588,0.0002033841,0.0032712952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893024,0.000977127,0.00905167,0.00008566873,0.00006548068,0.000028164412,0.000059661917,0.000008169219,0.00042166514],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999028,0.00021657125,0.00021835844,0.00015321994,0.00018869957,0.00019511979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936503,0.00011340907,0.00012858064,0.00021304787,0.00015084169,0.000029066354],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026498202,0.00008319514,0.00014394258,0.00004137201,0.00029778393,0.000021756043,0.00035937972,0.00008653152,0.000008826111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047798848,0.00006119996,0.00006108764,0.00039290293,0.00013211802,0.00016226094,0.000073943535,0.00017148237,0.00000251819],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121155645,0.00009675597,0.0052342075,0.00003846952,0.00008735159,0.0000032708354,0.4248584,0.5235339,0.001048416,0.012611357,0.017264215,0.015102515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004322398,0.000056305216,0.006363275,0.00010698006,0.000060804727,9.841335e-8,0.18158756,0.75209504,0.00037332138,0.05742306,0.0012583099,0.00024300194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001842219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002546288,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31546915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046473953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049578244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27848965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319601774","doi":"10.3389/fnbot.2023.1151062","title":"Corrigendum: Small steps for mankind: Modeling the emergence of cumulative culture from joint active inference communication","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Frontiers in Neurorobotics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Computer science; Joint (building); Inference; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning","score_opus":0.10568274825195413,"score_gpt":0.32906329733864403,"score_spread":0.22338054908668992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319601774","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0072314944,0.026792437,0.6042306,0.009119761,0.2872316,0.013394117,0.0035266748,0.00081126957,0.047662042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.26091677,0.09366924,0.07806186,0.001438556,0.0071400725,0.0009238265,0.010831552,0.0005021929,0.54651594],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978416,0.00046180765,0.000508227,0.00037625607,0.00044373178,0.00036837574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99840087,0.00012198685,0.0005235808,0.0004983884,0.0003966078,0.000058554873],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036381287,0.000258215,0.00045682906,0.00009080206,0.0004923302,0.000054240998,0.00095059857,0.00052303507,0.000020142057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009297465,0.00019702145,0.0001809674,0.00045628726,0.00027133388,0.00018433471,0.0001762424,0.00096630194,0.000004149561],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053175794,0.00005315356,0.00015740018,0.000065887514,0.000106399326,0.0000032846333,0.09812883,0.028433345,0.000018311279,0.0013408313,0.8690072,0.0026321877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008053046,0.0001799039,0.001544986,0.0013191787,0.0005356344,4.0373857e-7,0.23607352,0.6183089,0.00005284927,0.06291182,0.07708268,0.001184822],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0068281195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015705122,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79192454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017261584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029182382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997855},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323287254","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-20109-7_1","title":"Music in Cognitive Evolution: Mimesis and the Evolving Domain of Auditory Intersubjectivity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Intersubjectivity; Psychology; Cognitive science; Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Neuroscience; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.025025950170043876,"score_gpt":0.2683007586403786,"score_spread":0.24327480847033472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4323287254","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0041316147,0.0011287857,0.00006384868,0.00038070086,0.00047119963,0.00043909144,0.000014208013,0.000054029017,0.99331653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.638298,0.00019110116,0.000016318745,0.00004724578,0.0004380219,0.000013338426,0.000004728503,0.000010662397,0.3609806],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989917,0.00014797569,0.00019270659,0.00021433203,0.00029773233,0.00015551587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907494,0.0005352897,0.00014730988,0.00008640625,0.0001216046,0.000034471585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008783829,0.00012765941,0.00025530937,0.000086686676,0.00020600052,0.000023658604,0.000116173185,0.00021244859,0.0006613384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029375008,0.00008350732,0.00010864822,0.00008967329,0.0009150106,0.00014517744,0.00008715782,0.0002218407,0.000033763805],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015244992,0.000018046296,0.00018501918,0.000049450195,0.00013909803,0.000019386367,0.062477466,4.0166435e-7,0.000034860608,0.92078435,0.009621232,0.006518257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040529137,0.0001363856,0.018437566,0.0024376458,0.0003836653,0.000006135998,0.19426747,0.000048702073,0.000016917307,0.7654726,0.013638738,0.0011012811],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007236079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.055809442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63416636,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019448716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012612977,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4353004456","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-28719-0_16","title":"A Novel Model for Novelty: Modeling the Emergence of Innovation from Cumulative Culture","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Communications in computer and information science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"","keywords":"Novelty; Status quo; Inference; Legitimacy; Computer science; Population; Dynamics (music); Data science; Knowledge management; Epistemology; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Political science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.1649427190250501,"score_gpt":0.3802152872773252,"score_spread":0.2152725682522751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4353004456","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002967033,0.00018384588,0.9259078,0.0011271603,0.00020774482,0.0007444547,0.00017749784,0.00005016129,0.07130464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.75741565,0.008309207,0.21104133,0.0020136228,0.00034983427,0.00022951144,0.001366293,0.00003212944,0.019242428],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988024,0.0000136662775,0.00055310945,0.00012794485,0.00037302444,0.00012981388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99779934,0.00013259538,0.00035238653,0.0004960084,0.0011950635,0.00002461477],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011159417,0.00010129612,0.0001340613,0.00024329688,0.000818467,0.000115568226,0.0010247569,0.000114663606,0.000004767188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022851536,0.00007634814,0.000032218482,0.00064371055,0.00068143656,0.0023949684,0.0003690452,0.00018897784,0.000004855785],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030269161,0.0000057729835,0.0000022446065,0.000007832703,0.0000053353147,4.95809e-9,0.06931418,0.02124485,0.00002980147,0.8925694,0.00021536397,0.016602179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000113364724,0.000007924676,0.000017302431,0.00009364728,0.000007663659,1.3175405e-7,0.0019153231,0.9612936,0.0000022096167,0.03029538,0.0061533065,0.000100174104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044358586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005202301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9400487,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006450786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031520842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62950695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362518641","doi":"10.1111/jbi.14603","title":"The biogeography and evolution of land ownership","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biogeography","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Subsistence agriculture; Land tenure; Biogeography; Ecology; Geography; Economic geography; Agriculture; Biology","score_opus":0.01266448749774796,"score_gpt":0.26493298098924534,"score_spread":0.2522684934914974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362518641","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.989496,0.0068989615,0.000013050734,0.0020239544,0.0003330948,0.00007360229,0.000008179477,0.000021626642,0.0011315469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99615246,0.0034983107,0.000042379717,0.00002033875,0.0002241632,9.668063e-7,0.0000012775678,0.000003027607,0.000057093097],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989948,0.00013784385,0.00024372224,0.00006353878,0.00036964176,0.00019039816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99922055,0.00012890121,0.00027905102,0.000070571805,0.00021847243,0.00008244845],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012464785,0.00005884255,0.000113961345,0.00031102932,0.00042147242,0.000049186332,0.00017059958,0.0000665687,0.000008747231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013409562,0.000032182048,0.00020901437,0.001587361,0.00041172456,0.00017989517,0.000019805966,0.00009487332,0.0000029795078],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000754666,0.000032806405,0.9656398,0.000014296095,0.00014808301,0.000009135548,0.004769023,0.0000025854085,0.0022160213,0.009959663,0.0042301365,0.012902925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043521757,0.0002068284,0.90702975,0.00006489638,0.00008015649,0.000010133452,0.020789767,0.000006728197,0.00020619517,0.014316778,0.056734502,0.0001190343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010398135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006431374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.058610093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014121856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004404614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32416677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362561479","doi":"10.3389/fcomm.2023.1136338","title":"A computational analysis of crosslinguistic regularity in semantic change","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Communication","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Semantic change; Computer science; Natural language processing; Meaning (existential); Concreteness; Inference; Artificial intelligence; Semantic similarity; Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Psychology","score_opus":0.04751439448419003,"score_gpt":0.35522520386731454,"score_spread":0.3077108093831245,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362561479","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99331367,0.0011313716,0.0013529571,0.0014385475,0.00016290622,0.00026250622,0.000009937605,0.00005552019,0.0022725984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968111,0.00025346281,0.0025566984,0.00003126635,0.000016855953,0.000021480168,0.00018168174,0.0000021998464,0.00012528802],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991839,0.00026495598,0.000181365,0.00008337589,0.00017312038,0.00011330768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957234,0.000074206175,0.00007760653,0.00018861829,0.00007032429,0.000016902866],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008012672,0.000036381367,0.00013741243,0.00028717978,0.000114555114,0.000014642849,0.00022556452,0.00005703194,0.000014791627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028912467,0.00003833917,0.000043276137,0.0026770758,0.00012897863,0.000106985644,0.00004176758,0.000077646684,0.0000033108172],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018511599,0.00009181437,0.8573102,0.000021273048,0.00008853053,0.0000030094209,0.11299309,0.006526462,0.000013679638,0.012539086,0.0015581023,0.008836292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015776086,0.000004164389,0.8966904,0.0000328567,0.000047122718,3.071148e-8,0.010476948,0.079545744,0.0000018005281,0.012129167,0.0008522291,0.000061726336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009646935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017729979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.102516145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012750471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003090502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969479},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366707325","doi":"10.1515/lass-2018-040301","title":"Embodiment and Disembodiment in General Semiotics","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language and Semiotic Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Semiotics; Aesthetics; Visual semiotics; Sociology; Communication; Epistemology; Visual arts; Art; Philosophy","score_opus":0.023703855619050373,"score_gpt":0.3577202746674721,"score_spread":0.3340164190484217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366707325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736746,0.018500548,0.0000057617412,0.0011050536,0.0001644519,0.0001439009,0.0000018205069,0.0000312682,0.006372607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99350953,0.0023573628,0.0002677063,0.0004891154,0.00044623658,0.0000060842367,0.0000019151805,0.0000045002653,0.0029175545],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991965,0.00008336809,0.0001328118,0.00018828042,0.00014933485,0.00024969105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997141,0.00006528844,0.000032066997,0.000078258185,0.0000416758,0.00006862129],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028369168,0.000096268304,0.00017126478,0.000034481836,0.00031020786,0.00003296639,0.000051244748,0.00004775337,0.000040412473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001575467,0.000070955575,0.000018198683,0.00011109872,0.00036495045,0.000089931316,0.00008289901,0.000056711324,0.000008811179],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002570922,0.0000765501,0.04775067,0.00006751432,0.00012789827,0.00008261095,0.8967317,0.0000021103253,0.0016937773,0.018801164,0.0030186938,0.03162164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016134564,0.00032537873,0.076084234,0.00031583974,0.00015567137,0.00001496681,0.904002,0.00029286108,0.0014116951,0.003968774,0.011043552,0.00077155046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015503763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005647075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030850088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006898272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000155209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31512004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366707956","doi":"10.1515/lass-2015-010106","title":"Signs, Forms, and Models: Modeling Systems Theory and the Study of Semiosis","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language and Semiotic Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Semiosis; Epistemology; Semiotics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.0742325171172652,"score_gpt":0.33449217763715133,"score_spread":0.26025966051988614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366707956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8721775,0.12566392,0.00012236761,0.00013017486,0.00005539829,0.00033565314,0.0000019231713,0.000020965397,0.0014920997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99624735,0.0031556417,0.000015173337,0.000058975955,0.000082661245,0.000016762206,5.903974e-7,0.000004318458,0.00041854958],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989819,0.00036791465,0.00016323998,0.00014419256,0.00020008259,0.00014267417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936366,0.00033582686,0.000058640533,0.00009156246,0.000094332885,0.000055991688],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001705022,0.00009104812,0.0002629851,0.000021308068,0.0003242078,0.000042366268,0.000063425556,0.000038266604,8.1273066e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046389998,0.000046961857,0.00002087935,0.000081348335,0.00026826025,0.00016618017,0.0000959877,0.00005832698,2.4321216e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000078077435,0.000028696159,0.0005440183,0.000049054623,0.00018523974,0.0000047435356,0.96343756,0.00036132368,0.000020871852,0.033546355,0.00010749674,0.0016365869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087192876,0.00007275289,0.000022356484,0.000047040714,0.00013201522,0.0000028234301,0.9868908,0.005428935,0.0000023461985,0.0064353785,0.000015596384,0.00007801865],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049158093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001389336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12406983,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000018403229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013410405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74312663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376643554","doi":"10.1111/cogs.13289","title":"From One Bilingual to the Next: An Iterated Learning Study on Language Evolution in Bilingual Societies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistics; Computer science; Cultural transmission in animals; Artificial intelligence; Constructed language; First language; Psychology; Natural language processing","score_opus":0.07179416937161825,"score_gpt":0.3950459752383043,"score_spread":0.32325180586668606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376643554","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962798,0.000054171815,0.00004669204,0.0005135031,0.00025276933,0.0005461744,0.000010937779,0.0001780628,0.0021178948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998235,0.000004697005,0.000014482196,0.00022062015,0.00047515638,0.000022259797,0.000018235509,0.000006471564,0.0010030771],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99763334,0.00047511494,0.00015316387,0.00047493423,0.0008141588,0.00044926562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991499,0.00027343121,0.00005252161,0.0001253396,0.00028403642,0.000114763025],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023690336,0.00010500111,0.00011088403,0.00017785549,0.0013537365,0.00031402693,0.00039538415,0.000048482827,0.000062512925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0034213976,0.000075203825,0.000029771038,0.0034026897,0.000515492,0.00061324635,0.00010810734,0.00025595995,0.00036495455],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047998717,0.00017009505,0.008520698,0.0000013915683,0.000006918238,0.000024094657,0.9446992,0.00029739432,0.02644349,0.0003464316,0.000053940472,0.019388324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023815471,0.0002737815,0.16758966,0.000051651805,0.000008387916,1.2756693e-7,0.8300494,0.00046463415,0.00087053713,0.00024670534,0.000071816794,0.00013515165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0053298334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00947866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15906896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021151602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048358104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379512243","doi":"10.21428/594757db.fd37d21e","title":"Exploring the Impact of Representation on Agent Learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Representation (politics); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Political science","score_opus":0.24876520066100363,"score_gpt":0.4214747075548088,"score_spread":0.17270950689380518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4379512243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95102906,0.000004727633,0.000007896103,0.0003722922,0.000060404647,0.00005142144,1.3282838e-7,0.00006330867,0.048410762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993332,0.00008002592,0.0000028657475,0.0000081049075,0.000089163346,0.000006540426,0.000002410476,0.0000013763208,0.006477482],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99960923,0.000081071055,0.00004507997,0.000045591918,0.0001396528,0.00007935163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998434,0.00005698598,0.000021699,0.000041876487,0.000020997204,0.000015012313],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002260953,0.000019962414,0.000026792826,0.000016479671,0.0002059898,0.000013956297,0.00004773258,0.000008064545,0.00023176897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017978148,0.000009963835,0.000046441088,0.00030431093,0.000022907918,0.00012742174,0.000009584391,0.000035861853,0.00011431825],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053153566,0.000054479995,0.035813507,0.000007342959,0.00008694419,0.000010066174,0.5878829,0.037287444,0.019376507,0.041979626,0.021829706,0.25561836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016464145,0.00014833681,0.7226495,0.000022033013,0.000009061103,2.4665928e-7,0.2676058,0.0010333236,0.003857857,0.0010009359,0.0033987826,0.0001094193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011186119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025949496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68683606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003427536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000012600412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99539846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381510251","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192895950.013.57","title":"Cognitive Archaeology","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognition; Cognitive science; Embodied cognition; Coevolution; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Sociology; Ecology; Computer science; Neuroscience; Artificial intelligence; Biology","score_opus":0.04177216521297726,"score_gpt":0.25654043319119624,"score_spread":0.21476826797821896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381510251","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00011831195,0.000041778647,0.000035618803,0.00008343113,0.00023696813,0.00026718716,0.00008478649,0.00023924862,0.99889266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0024376737,0.00053494674,0.000017277973,0.000055319102,0.00024014927,5.826055e-7,0.00005472956,0.000017876651,0.99664146],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909216,0.000059380352,0.000077570374,0.00026650398,0.00024337106,0.0002609882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999444,0.00009302418,0.00010458053,0.0001118325,0.0001357576,0.000110776185],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010274223,0.00015070151,0.0001864281,0.00007973206,0.00036846192,0.000016313455,0.00027931886,0.00040164683,0.00016091832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002675402,0.00016156527,0.00013493358,0.000009212341,0.0006436189,0.00007087923,0.00021073536,0.0002794207,0.000020358219],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003572914,0.000002047366,0.000001807059,0.000009249675,0.000067926514,0.00018716702,0.008018033,1.8149194e-7,0.0000013147129,0.9821867,0.001448042,0.008041822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019501582,0.000025837851,0.00000958581,0.00007261196,0.00010758262,0.0000011285158,0.0023243853,0.0000011962703,0.000004616551,0.0042634574,0.99279106,0.00020354023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001398097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032154282,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.991343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001273498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012205984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65884405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382371662","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/qdesb","title":"Nature, Nurture, and Nous: The Role of Reflection and Reason in the Nature-Nurture Debate","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nature versus nurture; Niche construction; Cognitive science; Exaptation; Epistemology; Psychology; Cognition; Intellect; Adaptation (eye); Sociology; Philosophy; Ecology; Biology; Evolutionary biology","score_opus":0.013512141004289211,"score_gpt":0.3197846551503604,"score_spread":0.3062725141460712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382371662","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79237217,0.059867375,0.00001439581,0.019421946,0.0015733782,0.0017942408,0.000040866802,0.00022412553,0.1246915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927533,0.003915007,0.000060402544,0.00063980557,0.00040684134,0.000032839805,0.000029632884,0.000009696771,0.002152449],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99856865,0.0003434663,0.00016917313,0.00031603282,0.00039737741,0.00020528119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993145,0.00019010477,0.0001339463,0.00023405961,0.0000930596,0.00003432813],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009616334,0.0001548855,0.00018009519,0.00005288694,0.00032888952,0.00013709128,0.0003275352,0.0010575025,0.00001766227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036134775,0.000073755335,0.00006212003,0.0003291627,0.0001942246,0.000105491104,0.00015879107,0.001689179,0.0000023248192],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002704609,0.00018028147,0.009596615,0.00035328275,0.00030485843,0.000045324585,0.40490502,0.00008229349,0.0018570827,0.45840123,0.04934541,0.07465813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064428564,0.0001320072,0.13509858,0.00065007736,0.00027100995,0.000037161342,0.2676415,0.0006339088,0.0012315646,0.4256317,0.16709435,0.0009338484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0128351655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.037084658,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20038116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000070678616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008389207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9937385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382515175","doi":"10.1101/2023.06.28.546887","title":"Adaptive mechanisms of social and asocial learning in immersive collective foraging","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Innovation Cluster (Canada)","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Dynamics (music); Human–computer interaction; Computer science; Spatial learning; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Neuroscience; Cognition","score_opus":0.024874776686243574,"score_gpt":0.25931274630699536,"score_spread":0.23443796962075178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382515175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99290717,0.0004845162,0.0023073321,0.00085289154,0.0010539576,0.0015458282,0.000120043296,0.0003334538,0.00039480755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99884486,0.00009449588,0.0004321363,0.000035479956,0.0003368607,0.00014120861,2.5450947e-7,0.000043425214,0.0000712848],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978137,0.0004236343,0.0003194469,0.00054538663,0.0004332883,0.00046456157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886304,0.00010825965,0.00040774074,0.00012111341,0.00039963605,0.000100222496],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000961675,0.0002560536,0.00045851045,0.00023359821,0.000596875,0.00008999459,0.00024052444,0.0005190247,0.000026335454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044100254,0.00028650783,0.000115360745,0.0008153139,0.00027319553,0.00018704627,0.00030609395,0.00069344457,0.000008539007],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006958279,0.0005554504,0.02007728,0.0010752592,0.0015733225,0.00045211607,0.108926706,0.0006065743,0.5656908,0.29865232,0.0015790826,0.00011525718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042524207,0.00041779893,0.81419736,0.0017600373,0.00073171017,1.9202417e-8,0.0556317,0.0014550342,0.11248981,0.0032363366,0.0015103604,0.0043174345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027746547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043184796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7941201,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075050455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008870002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383376411","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/ztdjn","title":"How Does Culture Evolve?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Creativity; Imitation; Cognitive science; Cognition; Sociocultural evolution; Process (computing); Sociology; Psychology; Epistemology; Modularity (biology); Computer science; Social psychology; Anthropology","score_opus":0.03836602116320135,"score_gpt":0.3218231954799716,"score_spread":0.28345717431677026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383376411","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.043229762,0.003381673,0.0015384037,0.16397601,0.01607745,0.0023199127,0.00016888406,0.0057245656,0.76358336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.26135176,0.00067494856,0.0005120358,0.00017947568,0.0018694196,0.000036521324,0.0000835071,0.000011006726,0.7352813],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891055,0.00008754966,0.00008134864,0.000294603,0.0003782367,0.00024772563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951166,0.00001596577,0.00006633179,0.00019338922,0.00012714573,0.00008549301],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020654709,0.00012663208,0.00014121085,0.000026094463,0.00031373833,0.00041583696,0.00033659657,0.00041829847,0.00047669664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020143965,0.000067639274,0.00014230084,0.00013108704,0.000099953286,0.00014579878,0.00024385423,0.00031115024,0.00024567152],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000060226566,0.00003920816,0.0009620492,0.00012353995,0.00012692313,0.000040023497,0.12629029,0.000015141161,0.00034326068,0.0897461,0.7728033,0.009504136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000098334756,0.00001067446,0.0010514987,0.00009503056,0.00005256729,2.8162074e-7,0.11250113,0.000025931295,0.00015969411,0.065081924,0.8204365,0.0004864716],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009169757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.029839063,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.218122,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011796615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000110693305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99742824},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385298684","doi":"10.1126/science.abg0818","title":"Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","keywords":"Linguistics; Indo-European languages; Indo-Pacific; Geography; Biology; Computer science; Evolutionary biology; History; Ecology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.04509229086824111,"score_gpt":0.34628893246045817,"score_spread":0.30119664159221704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385298684","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98870313,0.0001392636,0.0016849522,0.000667783,0.00010359224,0.00032885908,0.00003517525,0.00013048152,0.008206748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99486697,0.000027929675,0.00035757164,0.00009565627,0.00009955502,0.000016147049,0.000006348527,0.0000054397847,0.004524399],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989365,0.0000401245,0.000094209485,0.00018491548,0.00044289438,0.00030138838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951845,0.000092325485,0.00006936813,0.00016700038,0.00009390897,0.000058968613],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013488724,0.000062025945,0.00007769593,0.000056468336,0.00057416665,0.000056794408,0.0005066522,0.000010870658,0.00003324448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002780687,0.00003360114,0.000035517485,0.00083319726,0.0007935911,0.0002943239,0.000041163137,0.00004430248,0.000019972222],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015792823,0.0001240303,0.011331172,0.000071087925,0.000054416298,0.000084665786,0.6906383,0.007682642,0.08165612,0.03795267,0.013237108,0.15700983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003078159,0.00086713134,0.13196304,0.00021019415,0.0002057289,0.000024495263,0.65688455,0.11428614,0.02083873,0.0027566089,0.0673036,0.0015816512],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009264749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034642126,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15542817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003732812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002646661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4416084},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385513796","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827923.002.0003","title":"Copyright Page","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Library science; Publishing; Excellence; Scholarship; Czech; Political science; Kuala lumpur; Media studies; Geography; History; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.008260960728615178,"score_gpt":0.27865441054533885,"score_spread":0.2703934498167237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385513796","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000018575312,0.00037672397,0.00013446412,0.00027153414,0.00031485516,0.0000774494,0.0000019158747,0.0002710101,0.9985502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008910799,0.000114442686,0.0001491322,0.00031007262,0.0014506629,0.0000028605814,0.000011520273,0.00004089376,0.99702936],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995716,0.000047173173,0.000036711634,0.00008863863,0.00014127001,0.000114595445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998338,0.0000061916085,0.000033704462,0.000075939104,0.000008496773,0.000041819276],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007669485,0.000054318152,0.00007371245,0.000019528641,0.0000745982,0.000022112708,0.00010459544,0.00017458921,0.12702164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017931387,0.000034894743,0.000033667693,0.000047072568,0.00006185735,0.000017641394,0.000007987271,0.000042518037,0.004410275],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[1.374235e-7,0.000002131716,0.000004064324,0.000002523937,0.0000038224575,8.36536e-7,0.00047455163,2.0171498e-9,0.000004100206,0.030639792,0.96760434,0.0012637073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027784146,0.0000025434501,0.0000042365814,0.000013111997,0.000005119324,6.387199e-8,0.00039315043,4.4248046e-7,0.0000022344514,0.00018606981,0.99929273,0.00007253334],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011890984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03291292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.122611366,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020041896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022841778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963649},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385852040","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/tj4uw","title":"Nonverbal displays of dominance and prestige: Evidence for cross-cultural and early-emerging recognition","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Prestige; Dominance (genetics); Intimidation; Nonverbal communication; Psychology; Social psychology; Happiness; Developmental psychology; Biology; Linguistics","score_opus":0.16550700270159072,"score_gpt":0.43738947227875247,"score_spread":0.2718824695771618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385852040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955359,0.0018962458,0.00023750607,0.00052192336,0.0003729858,0.00064255745,0.00005331629,0.00006633382,0.00067323196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905824,0.0027781625,0.001196254,0.00001563071,0.0002958493,0.00010074719,0.000023032037,0.0000081930175,0.0049997475],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897677,0.0000568981,0.00022001758,0.00034282787,0.00019962696,0.00020386417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991649,0.0002234156,0.00017237393,0.00009211886,0.0002818575,0.000065383545],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047626486,0.00012358176,0.00019493233,0.000026565293,0.00031863025,0.00018425372,0.0001241852,0.00019853975,0.000022378239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010041128,0.000095883355,0.00006782946,0.00008228948,0.0003774222,0.00057270087,0.00019057868,0.00013119243,0.000003840569],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0025180797,0.00018984708,0.2777971,0.009585954,0.0004904883,0.000035746718,0.35609382,0.00015166102,0.024137845,0.027701769,0.015974157,0.28532353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017700545,0.0004256838,0.9161456,0.0055481596,0.0004118056,0.0000065046343,0.021634461,0.001464908,0.0035393278,0.044155292,0.003302205,0.0015959744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009883936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027804945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6383485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041624528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005903807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99670935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387184490","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/mjx2v","title":"Illusions of Confidence in Artificial Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Leverhulme Trust; UK Research and Innovation; Wellcome Trust; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Metacognition; Illusion; Psychology; Perception; Low Confidence; Attribution; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Self-confidence; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","score_opus":0.12896115836897162,"score_gpt":0.3816784506817267,"score_spread":0.2527172923127551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387184490","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81071204,0.0012251603,0.0012696707,0.0045371535,0.0073123476,0.0017786502,0.000075004704,0.0004801518,0.17260984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98728746,0.00014097165,0.000027009668,0.000012687706,0.00023399384,0.000022370099,0.000012496631,0.0000037235477,0.012259298],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904674,0.00013176647,0.00023905531,0.00016066294,0.0002786109,0.00014316844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995879,0.000061951556,0.00009649775,0.00012634543,0.00009202136,0.000035295965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000521275,0.000059543367,0.00015940375,0.00005850505,0.00008128155,0.000034830275,0.00020287315,0.00020254448,0.00019719511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026967275,0.000047395923,0.000052518793,0.00019238409,0.00010899133,0.00004304496,0.00016297249,0.000159476,0.000091987335],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009778832,0.00006259173,0.0010791898,0.00018025123,0.000021869499,0.00002827296,0.08134792,0.002394316,0.0015668719,0.90559477,0.006134616,0.0015795517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038226804,0.000072493276,0.02493189,0.003353741,0.000105353385,0.0000017961488,0.7534206,0.005907944,0.00086988637,0.18967041,0.019743146,0.0015405107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1917339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.093725026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7159244,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007951935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002142796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92281216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387241260","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x23000705","title":"A source- and channel-coding approach to the analysis and design of languages and ideographies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Coding (social sciences); Computer science; Channel (broadcasting); Channel code; Theoretical computer science; Telecommunications; Sociology; Decoding methods","score_opus":0.07683286551571705,"score_gpt":0.3464703020550034,"score_spread":0.26963743653928635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387241260","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7376501,0.004912897,0.00076814776,0.2552379,0.00010665972,0.00081500865,0.000050352264,0.00009271491,0.0003662465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96088654,0.0017129608,0.0010977967,0.030634182,0.0009806558,0.000088038345,0.000028937442,0.00001741387,0.0045534996],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858123,0.00021826074,0.00014355186,0.0003933435,0.00038988033,0.0002737217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995143,0.00020986472,0.000094256495,0.000077966724,0.00003619702,0.00006742015],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011872808,0.00014316545,0.00026005073,0.0002956712,0.00091377244,0.00031759712,0.00019071119,0.000166311,0.00000457284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008042982,0.00008123933,0.0000485698,0.0014037951,0.0015042885,0.0001723956,0.00012132275,0.00017007919,4.0624317e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003527924,0.00010243651,0.047662865,0.00034682403,0.00039163933,0.000059185404,0.47022977,0.0000834061,0.0015694741,0.0011258933,0.33305308,0.14534013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008025169,0.0011706743,0.1976133,0.0004830567,0.0040005175,0.000070825394,0.68207175,0.0016055846,0.00017217208,0.00268214,0.106536485,0.0027910043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00877202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017123083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2265166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000057588177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022799568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99782866},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387607951","doi":"10.1080/14781700.2023.2261943","title":"Translation and architecturally odd invented languages in science fiction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Translation Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Computer science; Syntax; Grammar; HAMLET (protein complex); Representation (politics); Lexicon; Literature; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Art","score_opus":0.11181990970902198,"score_gpt":0.4056472925119985,"score_spread":0.2938273828029765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387607951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98227245,0.005498544,0.00008892649,0.004258318,0.00012017792,0.00027012653,0.0000030240972,0.00022198107,0.0072664795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99789226,0.0015997591,0.00018113712,0.000040277126,0.00006398439,0.000014923779,0.00000812271,0.0000032809578,0.00019627594],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991539,0.00007573642,0.00013371963,0.00016605557,0.0002791698,0.00019142771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974364,0.00008825692,0.000028585771,0.00004438147,0.00006299841,0.000032132113],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00062928995,0.00006315229,0.000090056994,0.00019266615,0.00046634354,0.000035490495,0.000055372435,0.00003339312,0.000010601799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009533551,0.00005260623,0.000020733949,0.0011546803,0.00034774205,0.00037641815,0.0000070986835,0.000061085455,0.000011541967],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031250936,0.000014919269,0.006208095,0.00003914302,0.000019737538,0.000005547549,0.4430821,0.0002555028,0.0115438085,0.0023257546,0.00018543714,0.5362887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025768895,0.00013382362,0.5732413,0.00027869066,0.0000770142,0.000004605496,0.38253164,0.0059926766,0.0016589898,0.0073494897,0.025377445,0.00077746605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005597884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0066481377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5670332,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044764565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003330593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3709817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388548245","doi":"10.1515/9781552384848-008","title":"Making and Understanding Embarras Bipoints: The Replication and Operational Sequencing of a Newly Defined Diagnostic Stone Tool from the Eastern Slopes of Alberta","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"University of Calgary Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Replication (statistics); Geology; Archaeology; Geography; Paleontology; History; Biology; Virology","score_opus":0.06111996385850647,"score_gpt":0.2473263008575379,"score_spread":0.18620633699903144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388548245","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.060328096,0.0028577575,0.003783402,0.0006285554,0.000064582506,0.001064548,0.00006230933,0.000023724731,0.93118703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8609644,0.0007345914,0.00073281344,0.00016274647,0.000098609125,6.7261755e-7,0.00004356206,0.000012822987,0.13724975],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993222,0.00007337263,0.00013914604,0.00017261307,0.00021957698,0.000073139476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989791,0.0004974205,0.00024394415,0.00017569122,0.000082232305,0.00002159423],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018294578,0.00009014447,0.00016169249,0.000021710392,0.0003136488,0.000019583102,0.00017428938,0.00010960663,0.00002700824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012409763,0.000065782624,0.000045665554,0.000008472052,0.00048294695,0.00009761558,0.00007911846,0.000098862576,2.1262962e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007582876,0.0000052353084,0.00028861724,0.000035019773,0.00011868061,0.000003948568,0.0718911,0.00000883538,0.0004433486,0.9099369,0.000094414376,0.017098064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00964316,0.0012386298,0.025420196,0.01582305,0.0069433274,0.000060125618,0.24895982,0.007320428,0.0017885943,0.29380077,0.3849783,0.004023602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03251687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018200317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80063635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007978505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009333315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999715},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388779421","doi":"10.1515/9781552382967-017","title":"Unpacking Social Learning in Social-Ecological Systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"University of Calgary Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Calgary; University of Winnipeg","funders":"","keywords":"Unpacking; Social learning; Sociology; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Pedagogy; Linguistics","score_opus":0.03535999308604612,"score_gpt":0.2422866712395058,"score_spread":0.2069266781534597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388779421","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00079565844,0.00027771931,0.000036123514,0.000038997758,0.000092977396,0.00025061332,0.0000054954016,0.00008571362,0.9984167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04859026,0.00009453412,0.000027905511,0.000018522825,0.00048179817,3.0392002e-7,0.000018401724,0.000011327171,0.95075697],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988143,0.00017058454,0.00016202575,0.00023153397,0.00036811273,0.00025347978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949414,0.000046722438,0.000249919,0.000054861084,0.00009945307,0.00005492028],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026351647,0.00015132075,0.00034376813,0.00007757604,0.00076946296,0.000026625139,0.00027357947,0.0006439888,0.00022440217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014717904,0.00016957814,0.00017107144,0.000011383425,0.00042797608,0.00009173118,0.00011680633,0.0004975612,0.000011762233],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004190261,0.000014219427,0.000017810622,0.00004192452,0.000046104222,0.00008643203,0.028570723,0.000013748561,0.000020778445,0.9523723,0.0009040417,0.017869981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034430338,0.000024340723,0.00022467629,0.00008767982,0.0000677512,7.965388e-7,0.0040073926,0.00005110686,0.0000015343795,0.00054748694,0.99438477,0.00025816567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006397309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0052211876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99348074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034363748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001276186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.967086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388787390","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.09308","title":"Divergences between Language Models and Human Brains","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; James S. McDonnell Foundation","keywords":"Magnetoencephalography; Computer science; Human language; Narrative; Human brain; Process (computing); Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Natural language processing; Cognitive science; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Electroencephalography; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.11955297223280766,"score_gpt":0.3338850755295991,"score_spread":0.21433210329679148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388787390","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96724945,0.0009507011,0.000059505517,0.0017946351,0.0005463059,0.000937802,0.0000986122,0.00042192,0.02794105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9829849,0.00019071836,0.000021423346,0.000049526745,0.00086970057,0.0004759846,0.00009281298,0.000011717325,0.015303194],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986881,0.00012542514,0.00015055395,0.00032486362,0.00033529327,0.00037578985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951863,0.000041660285,0.00009273727,0.00015333529,0.000037978105,0.00015565862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006033457,0.00012505024,0.00018722286,0.000056077773,0.00044565825,0.00015134316,0.00030112235,0.00024066505,0.000033365683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010606624,0.0001064039,0.00007340269,0.00012352903,0.00016694985,0.00017268628,0.00041759733,0.00023413348,0.000016733513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000102622935,0.00007632341,0.086772084,0.00036096686,0.0005069751,0.00009692114,0.38521254,0.00023798335,0.000032546504,0.064722806,0.02220964,0.43976095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019964154,0.00000805061,0.8811817,0.000046525933,0.00013902981,2.7888365e-7,0.023660593,0.00002664177,0.000027193524,0.08866565,0.005417592,0.00062709325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.033243157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012067156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79440963,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007849539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003298297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97319454},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390469792","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/mrqvg","title":"The Cultural Lineages Project: Documenting the Evolutionary Relationships Amongst Elements of Human Culture","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Civilization; Crowdsourcing; Metaphor; Sociology; Epistemology; Computer science; Political science; World Wide Web; Philosophy; Law","score_opus":0.09359490026598831,"score_gpt":0.3907279281233859,"score_spread":0.2971330278573976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390469792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6271106,0.009015321,0.00008092527,0.025736565,0.0043870495,0.0077550085,0.00017827697,0.0015011121,0.32423517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81807905,0.00094154256,0.00026073775,0.000044939214,0.0010311316,0.0001925762,0.0002875015,0.00001552999,0.17914699],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99739945,0.00066260673,0.00052057963,0.00030900896,0.0007472928,0.00036104347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852717,0.00018999065,0.00048907206,0.00034496433,0.00040839572,0.000040384497],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017110421,0.0001909063,0.00017194574,0.00003453097,0.004479981,0.00029980307,0.0007978893,0.00029285587,0.00008287363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00074656145,0.00008705402,0.00021890913,0.0003802651,0.00050181185,0.00024379978,0.00053898996,0.0008302257,0.000042715197],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018662535,0.000098349105,0.033239108,0.00013438096,0.0004544037,0.0000049321065,0.2472257,0.00010934345,0.0006270032,0.17942367,0.5368264,0.0018381019],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039702712,0.00006120168,0.06673135,0.000437773,0.00030894353,0.0000017659448,0.6818301,0.00026138188,0.0001772407,0.03690093,0.21215203,0.0007402527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015463864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020572776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4346044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001832521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001756821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972992},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390752574","doi":"10.51315/9783935751384.009","title":"Consequences of reflexivity in language","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Kerns Verlag eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reflexivity; Metalanguage; Linguistics; Sociology; Social science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.03652403329643334,"score_gpt":0.337839533909842,"score_spread":0.30131550061340867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390752574","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0073441174,0.001991408,6.2345447e-7,0.00011534362,0.0002972134,0.00021455182,0.000056323268,0.00008046707,0.98989993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.28841728,0.000081960075,0.00002080393,0.000045760247,0.00020129148,0.0000049908476,0.000010260784,0.000014360123,0.7112033],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988944,0.000036191675,0.00024822803,0.000250891,0.0003673533,0.00020293698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995509,0.00004991928,0.00012037438,0.00016951865,0.00005056872,0.000058766807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030565442,0.00016043201,0.00027070544,0.00009950845,0.00007089417,0.00003325449,0.00021533824,0.00033060054,0.00071488944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000037038346,0.0001353076,0.0001338828,0.000024554487,0.00053341186,0.000049329105,0.000050182636,0.0002969393,0.0002038364],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012445409,0.000005065226,0.000012570681,0.00010324888,0.000029270837,0.00019141292,0.028500305,2.4203462e-7,0.0020571272,0.9612415,0.0006869192,0.0071599386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036306362,0.00012037986,0.00006207302,0.002146615,0.00016498278,0.000009981323,0.014135585,0.0000020207033,0.0029876137,0.2970321,0.6821201,0.00085551076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0062728813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.029505637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68143314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016952548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023247417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98820335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391111305","doi":"10.7554/elife.88348.3.sa0","title":"eLife assessment: Recursive self-embedded vocal motifs in wild orangutans","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"peer-review","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Communication; Computer science; Biology; Psychology","score_opus":0.022533958830108263,"score_gpt":0.38563491701544894,"score_spread":0.36310095818534066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391111305","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00020462245,0.06671213,0.00007027432,0.21576206,0.0065287496,0.0019442328,0.0002543716,0.000716566,0.707807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0022203587,0.029751282,0.0013218292,0.0071157063,0.0028825176,0.00016894979,0.0010917928,0.000055435576,0.9553921],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968658,0.0004201604,0.00046676488,0.0005989916,0.001095241,0.0005530508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999064,0.00009191354,0.00014298354,0.00027327906,0.00025264345,0.00017517387],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010163982,0.00032791076,0.0005998419,0.00012159133,0.00019732975,0.00016070055,0.00048047552,0.0005554089,0.0042732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020613379,0.00024404573,0.00028467132,0.00093169976,0.000110505316,0.00023658758,0.00009795144,0.0008766507,0.00082822883],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013251489,0.000053144347,0.000005750722,0.00056958606,0.0000534693,0.00007150482,0.006820426,6.682541e-7,0.000001362199,0.0069009876,0.9815904,0.0039313724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011861285,0.000026316042,0.000023476283,0.0025789503,0.00020652806,0.000004489481,0.005421382,0.000021464606,0.0000016404163,0.0011641321,0.99006397,0.00036905654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011154406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07300465,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24758513,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009351386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010380624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391475535","doi":"10.5962/p.363771","title":"Trogons and Quetzals of the World, by Paul A. Johnsgard [Review]","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy; History; Art","score_opus":0.013179345319794212,"score_gpt":0.2730953934661157,"score_spread":0.2599160481463215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391475535","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07763567,0.03800228,0.0000010512396,0.5587222,0.000704009,0.00082961016,0.000087204804,0.000036926464,0.32398108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9177795,0.0027891456,0.0000064529218,0.016010134,0.0001410851,0.00000778349,0.000008875027,0.0000041074163,0.0632529],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917024,0.0001810002,0.00011941835,0.000107916996,0.00017647,0.00024495227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994304,0.000092853974,0.00006138818,0.00021323052,0.00005990879,0.00014221467],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034151497,0.00007203522,0.00010865649,0.000019783049,0.00070909975,0.00004792717,0.0003436631,0.000068862864,0.0012711945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026519204,0.000037924885,0.00006408251,0.00033432574,0.00021348757,0.00008614967,0.000021300213,0.00018640731,0.00002330203],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027760293,0.0000029872579,0.0006178383,0.000014441017,0.000012348224,0.0000035995104,0.0020268126,1.3663359e-7,0.00006779851,0.0099228285,0.98184216,0.005486278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005831857,0.0000042804095,0.0012906569,0.00008756085,0.000029420946,0.0000049291093,0.000761827,0.0000013963231,0.00009557678,0.000518458,0.9970679,0.00007967578],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6089862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9851218,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84014386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010658622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016974358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391577789","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae009","title":"The characteristic time scale of cultural evolution","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PNAS Nexus","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"George Brown College","funders":"Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft; Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Geography; Cartography","score_opus":0.008053032787048388,"score_gpt":0.2868696502990122,"score_spread":0.2788166175119638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391577789","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.843131,0.010939214,0.00016461682,0.004383369,0.0017516452,0.00032753914,0.000021605258,0.00030938658,0.13897164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9770815,0.00007856447,0.000011107656,0.000019388983,0.0004278905,0.0000063929997,0.0000072318985,0.0000031558006,0.02236481],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994096,0.00006954869,0.000097091484,0.00008727324,0.00018590836,0.000150567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997546,0.00005850346,0.000025963529,0.000068042056,0.000058960562,0.000033934382],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022248462,0.000044528046,0.00005501854,0.000011130426,0.00033796483,0.00009295486,0.000112161404,0.000041170504,0.00017541932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000098472585,0.00002498532,0.000052556214,0.00018985812,0.00016149817,0.00020586624,0.000015619056,0.000060641283,0.00044156227],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085054686,0.000114775365,0.00074845186,0.00017172762,0.00015629642,0.000033446107,0.24858344,0.0000186201,0.12280427,0.3619508,0.08090772,0.18442538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026226963,0.000127387,0.027964585,0.0002894728,0.00014053719,0.000015563523,0.040575363,0.00295991,0.001416058,0.021189068,0.9045893,0.0004705122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00088395074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037275552,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82368153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008903105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005511244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5675537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392112473","doi":"10.1111/cogs.13410","title":"The Icing on the Cake. Or Is it Frosting? The Influence of Group Membership on Children's Lexical Choices","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognitive Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Psychology; Social psychology; Group (periodic table); Gossip; Identity (music); Negotiation; Throwing; Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology","score_opus":0.044929312609088064,"score_gpt":0.35945178851031084,"score_spread":0.3145224759012228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392112473","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9639078,0.0002682815,0.000009683742,0.010122569,0.00022442896,0.0003472973,0.000015797923,0.000034294062,0.02506986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99495727,0.000052126343,0.0000028515087,0.0032425371,0.00023687362,0.000017106258,7.544566e-7,0.0000036707413,0.0014868346],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99814045,0.00021271607,0.00013690582,0.0003006893,0.00086745544,0.00034180525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971161,0.002411276,0.000070656766,0.00015119663,0.0001918933,0.0000588847],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002028349,0.00009882789,0.00007239498,0.000030014275,0.002805463,0.00041003784,0.0007394712,0.00003899257,0.00016031071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004044099,0.00003543492,0.000058004272,0.0011637531,0.0033335222,0.00035468524,0.000079292855,0.00026552108,0.00009310511],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022955061,0.00013527404,0.003419652,0.00002571241,0.00009577337,0.00002829348,0.4077409,0.000095137075,0.004611934,0.48467213,0.006977152,0.09196852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000654936,0.0012825615,0.53615385,0.0040137805,0.00023354474,0.000027302623,0.38656747,0.0012169456,0.029405234,0.018926846,0.020403959,0.0011135553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013996119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011274104,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5327342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000062030944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021476748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99937886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393032553","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2024.190006","title":"Differences Teach Us More Than Similarities: The Need for Evolutionary Thinking in Comparative Cognition","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet","keywords":"Comparative cognition; Animal cognition; Cognition; Comparative psychology; Animal behavior; Cognitive science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Zoology; Biology; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.1868602362137907,"score_gpt":0.4253265449546655,"score_spread":0.2384663087408748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393032553","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8715494,0.0882906,0.002209721,0.0035412018,0.0014721528,0.011593742,0.0005004267,0.0004671622,0.020375539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928734,0.0018648664,0.00026670576,0.00038208184,0.00041194685,0.0026962452,0.00057159126,0.00001163155,0.0009215391],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972101,0.0009282927,0.00057897036,0.00044179917,0.00044946707,0.00039139704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998775,0.00047058152,0.00018614581,0.00014577316,0.0003346386,0.000087876615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094443903,0.00028775865,0.0005423822,0.0001254876,0.0012518311,0.00031633637,0.0003059353,0.00013417864,0.000389421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013347561,0.00019038942,0.0002725623,0.0006746335,0.0005520481,0.00075922103,0.00004467016,0.00039867114,0.0001379425],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003433413,0.0016229564,0.014991033,0.0007686302,0.0002649022,0.00006224563,0.7874431,0.000017632641,0.0037296957,0.064130016,0.09088669,0.03573977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022277343,0.00055266987,0.17878193,0.0061871833,0.0019663589,0.00003521726,0.3901989,0.0022765922,0.00066421414,0.024486259,0.3905548,0.0020681906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00035297222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028705518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39724422,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021807218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014297741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9628199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393032655","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2024.190021","title":"A Comparative Approach to the Study of Cumulative Cultural Evolution: Where Are We Now, and Where Do We Go?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Templeton World Charity Foundation","keywords":"Comparative cognition; Psychology; Animal behavior; Comparative psychology; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Cognition; Biology; Zoology; Neuroscience","score_opus":0.21513461633647177,"score_gpt":0.43418466833467245,"score_spread":0.21905005199820068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393032655","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44463408,0.5219949,0.0009858245,0.0034861085,0.00054766814,0.011577921,0.00016765363,0.0001917139,0.01641412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840298,0.012187193,0.00015965957,0.000028161663,0.00025015307,0.0011730237,0.000022697799,0.000009519669,0.002139739],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968466,0.0013116699,0.0005589159,0.0005199915,0.00048808625,0.00027471024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987114,0.00011156607,0.00027159072,0.00020907845,0.00054698886,0.00014938432],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056350476,0.00030319803,0.0007096398,0.000075795564,0.0007181023,0.00024717746,0.00025994418,0.000086176624,0.00025165547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002812778,0.00017977688,0.00016334669,0.0010148332,0.00035310013,0.00060919527,0.00008916769,0.00032046039,0.0003061892],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009605834,0.001637102,0.0023787809,0.00042879538,0.00018555555,0.000013097085,0.8266812,0.000034182463,0.00071649044,0.0054308237,0.14788194,0.014515976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048693357,0.00032012013,0.008559253,0.0017293406,0.0005907671,0.000008906522,0.47157994,0.00011120483,0.000034338373,0.00019757348,0.51597214,0.00040950283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016023514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006227368,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53939575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017259276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006353822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7331088},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393036742","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.19.585662","title":"Investigating demic versus cultural diffusion and sex bias in the spread of Austronesian languages in Vietnam","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Genetics; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","keywords":"Geography; Diffusion; Austronesian languages; Economic geography; Linguistics; Physics","score_opus":0.03365005579806485,"score_gpt":0.29383032714860785,"score_spread":0.260180271350543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393036742","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99482024,0.0034796316,0.0000016841627,0.00063986774,0.0003503681,0.00047514195,0.000026650201,0.00008290727,0.00012349778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99890983,0.00036016316,0.00026956838,0.000057123416,0.0003110675,0.000060342296,4.681932e-7,0.000020452117,0.00001100464],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99801505,0.00041656973,0.00037153988,0.00044791852,0.0003898347,0.00035908644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992044,0.00012461976,0.00020072096,0.0003025404,0.00007822433,0.00008947573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001120614,0.0002492372,0.00031146494,0.00014325805,0.00014306832,0.0001671982,0.00038654834,0.00037658552,0.0000126601835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00056246785,0.00018169911,0.0000686072,0.0006415138,0.00028201783,0.00013914799,0.0003056367,0.00075937057,0.0000071866925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006855592,0.0002717624,0.30633372,0.0018015214,0.00015570763,0.00025906457,0.050114036,0.00010489319,0.622199,0.017766492,0.00073787896,0.00018734374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029087265,0.00019077784,0.91427827,0.006031985,0.0003880697,8.6478906e-8,0.044707824,0.0009837125,0.024584277,0.00013019964,0.0035128493,0.0022831974],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063352315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020559372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60794455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002332519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025428305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95770174},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393077751","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-54752-2_1","title":"AI, Popular Culture, Semiotics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Semiotics; Semiotics of culture; Sociology; Linguistics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.01933161745265823,"score_gpt":0.29706468307659273,"score_spread":0.2777330656239345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393077751","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000018910275,0.0051084897,0.00001644739,0.0018718669,0.0006991579,0.00014198748,0.00001475247,0.00024152586,0.9919039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006402092,0.0011067484,0.00008664424,0.0012296481,0.0014382846,0.0000014026757,0.00006591147,0.000020144971,0.995411],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990786,0.000008976569,0.00013901373,0.00022280491,0.0003656569,0.00018496618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965197,0.000004264322,0.00003884164,0.00012694043,0.000086884575,0.00009110707],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000111438734,0.00015604675,0.00015426664,0.00003087744,0.00020014161,0.00011331326,0.00016476121,0.00045624244,0.0037817443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001815708,0.00010696172,0.00016298068,0.00003193278,0.0001011367,0.00009628873,0.00004372972,0.00031749005,0.0029829275],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.0303737e-7,0.0000013819105,4.864652e-7,0.000010772712,0.000021116583,0.000022039978,0.0026207548,1.5571105e-7,0.0000031575214,0.7828359,0.21368696,0.00079677475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016787124,0.000008251641,2.1482282e-7,0.000060598628,0.000056128138,0.0000013611516,0.00062806415,0.0000017021684,0.0000022913373,0.18789929,0.81117016,0.00015513127],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00056706445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003065265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5974832,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015027748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396854924","doi":"10.1007/s11577-024-00947-1","title":"What is it Like to Evolve? Cultural Evolution as a Lived Experience","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Power Generation; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Die (integrated circuit); Computer science; Operating system","score_opus":0.09638741905557248,"score_gpt":0.45978911727884775,"score_spread":0.3634016982232753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396854924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66594064,0.0570024,0.0036858579,0.06859599,0.032564145,0.0032090351,0.0000664747,0.00430065,0.16463482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593393,0.0055632424,0.0007462622,0.008954496,0.0018034019,0.00035744,0.000047886413,0.000048182763,0.023139762],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99456215,0.0006044241,0.0006921213,0.0016091869,0.0009383319,0.0015938154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99772686,0.00035938883,0.00013631315,0.0008067084,0.0004017349,0.0005689903],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011513323,0.00060117594,0.00053236505,0.0002713437,0.0012299357,0.0015115405,0.0013398239,0.0008395307,0.0026157892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011296356,0.00045120207,0.00043639517,0.00154114,0.0009451506,0.0028402302,0.0003116231,0.00073475245,0.006817103],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003849079,0.0003722981,0.0011775094,0.00009897127,0.00037812733,0.00047981465,0.35739714,0.00009229266,0.012804583,0.09459409,0.44152877,0.09069151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037755075,0.00037648866,0.0021595454,0.00033594205,0.000083281426,0.00001781073,0.13786155,0.000051171894,0.0004794043,0.0028078558,0.8545312,0.0009181602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00232146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00068191154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41300246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028996356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046838133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399009236","doi":"10.36227/techrxiv.24542293.v4","title":"Framing cognitive machines: A sociotechnical taxonomy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Sociotechnical system; Framing (construction); Cognition; Taxonomy (biology); Computer science; Sociology; Cognitive science; Knowledge management; Epistemology; Psychology; Engineering; Ecology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.0426190947244674,"score_gpt":0.34628772474879915,"score_spread":0.30366863002433175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399009236","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06382516,0.0053724204,0.0046456447,0.0056062676,0.0018114127,0.001582869,0.00006527127,0.0014291641,0.9156618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.977739,0.00016036839,0.0009079484,0.00042446822,0.001407723,0.00022494898,0.000052209056,0.000013631289,0.01906971],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99883205,0.000113142516,0.00016337885,0.00036177013,0.0002867453,0.00024289153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958616,0.00008502358,0.000056102846,0.00010187251,0.00008657549,0.00008423256],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033553512,0.0001504587,0.00017684455,0.000042066513,0.00026120173,0.00020923464,0.00021759458,0.00056158804,0.0016382477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021995904,0.000112952664,0.00019508282,0.000119465796,0.00020154649,0.000054793894,0.00059861416,0.0009622651,0.00060024264],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003554543,0.00020388221,0.00045590833,0.00067080255,0.00057327235,0.00022697715,0.13618322,0.00001664125,0.00017246,0.3168454,0.08248412,0.46213177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005075139,0.000074022384,0.0006865576,0.0023304438,0.00083135633,0.000008386933,0.17984301,0.0016974433,0.00017913787,0.3417836,0.46970823,0.0023502754],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010358774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0053031226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91391385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018944967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003792331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992744},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399496824","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/8ucbn","title":"A Cognitive Transition Underlying Both Technological and Social Aspects of Cumulative Culture","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Transition (genetics); Cognition; Cognitive skill; Cognitive science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Epistemology; Sociology","score_opus":0.06329220960533126,"score_gpt":0.36666309986501244,"score_spread":0.30337089025968117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399496824","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64907074,0.0031491087,0.003062998,0.00840282,0.00026392878,0.0012672183,0.0001489221,0.0006764546,0.3339578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99846387,0.00010837487,0.00012699014,0.000078525285,0.00012635237,0.000018075449,0.00004300651,0.0000056436306,0.0010291355],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990446,0.0001198725,0.00014291597,0.00028277285,0.0002569527,0.00015289872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997257,0.000030167208,0.00007624564,0.0000344248,0.00010582815,0.000027641958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020688117,0.0001289904,0.0002077867,0.000047396567,0.00025090625,0.00006745078,0.00007657645,0.0005745958,0.00011899087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054914504,0.00009123439,0.000102432394,0.0001486399,0.0005121409,0.00006418776,0.00012707569,0.0004931664,0.0000068449103],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003079336,0.0000617982,0.000010949327,0.00026695977,0.0001668256,0.00002389853,0.36671197,0.0000032395244,0.0015729407,0.61413884,0.00031481683,0.016696973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030048963,0.00007716269,0.0007218159,0.0005270518,0.00030545407,0.0000018541409,0.387088,0.00022261821,0.0004429045,0.60926133,0.000648754,0.00040257545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010698496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011163228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34939316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008845706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010493023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4431809},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400680658","doi":"10.1109/saner60148.2024.00073","title":"Exploring Strategies for Guiding Symbolic Analysis with Machine Learning Prediction","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vector Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.11883470349961328,"score_gpt":0.3150860572539407,"score_spread":0.1962513537543274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400680658","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86755425,0.001322235,0.06530502,0.00078968215,0.0002730426,0.00027886944,0.000008125208,0.0010411731,0.06342762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99484605,0.00013537201,0.00037101953,0.000010939583,0.0002739222,0.000046879577,0.000024096707,0.000004778229,0.004286934],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99947125,0.00003215816,0.000073576404,0.00013336792,0.00014599178,0.00014366496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983937,0.000037682003,0.000013660856,0.000034695757,0.000041873598,0.000032737073],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024842637,0.0000500813,0.00007012696,0.000083708364,0.0003974,0.00025348517,0.000044093395,0.000022775464,0.00014767126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024690553,0.000032417607,0.0000632699,0.0006549927,0.000024789284,0.0008789712,0.0000060851808,0.000041582774,0.000006675829],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053761047,0.000032270244,0.01169043,0.00013975054,0.0016913804,0.000016472346,0.26137638,0.02407334,0.0043404303,0.6447006,0.0007722432,0.051112954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040938318,0.00035229008,0.0053941063,0.00017969524,0.0022289848,0.0000035809858,0.6539079,0.16824701,0.00084500626,0.003203456,0.16462414,0.0006044569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00391173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059808623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64149714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055599983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000047091715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5913392},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401107562","doi":"10.1093/9780191925375.003.0018","title":"Neo-Associationism","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Philosophy","score_opus":0.01707713298689469,"score_gpt":0.280984115546417,"score_spread":0.26390698255952233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401107562","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000034362502,0.0012336719,0.000005108432,0.0026817243,0.0006112725,0.00009854786,0.000008218386,0.0002100996,0.99514794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00115477,0.00033292288,0.000033796343,0.00030824626,0.0012728042,0.000002362788,0.000031589494,0.000012186058,0.9968513],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993445,0.000006437138,0.000093243296,0.00014194509,0.00029080198,0.00012303221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999768,0.000016798213,0.00004155197,0.00006571681,0.000060273298,0.000047624973],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012349867,0.00008528372,0.00009216091,0.000024968802,0.00022319393,0.00011017244,0.00009319135,0.00028953317,0.009998765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017471528,0.00006604021,0.00010788788,0.0000189695,0.000056757974,0.00007300051,0.000021975886,0.00015233768,0.006071064],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[2.1653113e-7,7.997556e-7,4.0233874e-7,0.0000030976037,0.000018565168,0.0000058980268,0.0021952512,4.037506e-8,0.0000013854178,0.9373769,0.057100415,0.003297035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012768226,0.000003272728,0.000002259616,0.00001934516,0.000025661047,2.0092004e-7,0.0003891551,6.5352367e-7,7.348374e-7,0.2341975,0.7652627,0.0000857335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00140765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060732313,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7081623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022415881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000094736824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947028},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401107734","doi":"10.1093/9780191925375.002.0006","title":"List of Figures","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.019102916827382133,"score_gpt":0.34275999579060384,"score_spread":0.3236570789632217,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401107734","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00030789786,0.01015926,0.0000042356173,0.0005246528,0.0016333129,0.00007323122,0.00003276271,0.000025639643,0.987239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02562902,0.0011796727,0.000019023772,0.00008232354,0.0009833499,0.0000036356414,0.000060498878,0.0000047722815,0.97203773],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994615,0.000037414928,0.00009542186,0.00010427543,0.00019604614,0.00010535102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999799,0.00001719767,0.000037009515,0.000065442546,0.000051775634,0.000029554825],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008995804,0.000060533344,0.00011034988,0.00002581455,0.00007028592,0.00003902546,0.00013154469,0.00018190115,0.0640944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030156245,0.000039852945,0.00008389101,0.00013346184,0.00009266147,0.000043124575,0.000020676816,0.00009959772,0.012614647],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[6.770123e-7,0.000003805901,3.705671e-7,0.000058968544,0.000011637748,0.0000010098714,0.003971417,2.6565627e-7,0.00007167622,0.011251689,0.9836759,0.00095259625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011940999,0.000006542723,0.000002260985,0.00007469853,0.000014403626,1.0536113e-7,0.0028096386,4.2378835e-7,0.00012612228,0.00030802554,0.9965828,0.00006301902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018045526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0062376433,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.051479757,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038746424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013653151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9884934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401389494","doi":"10.1007/s00146-024-02039-2","title":"The problem of alignment","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AI & Society","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Australian Research Council; Western Sydney University","keywords":"Performing arts; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Visual arts; Art","score_opus":0.009451776946159757,"score_gpt":0.30008472898055166,"score_spread":0.2906329520343919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401389494","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34403038,0.069318004,0.0017274622,0.20292091,0.0022098182,0.0017977785,0.000030564384,0.0009476361,0.37701744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895819,0.0009235331,0.00019409637,0.00036006552,0.00019155593,0.000009435739,0.0000013564468,0.0000024575193,0.008735619],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995637,0.00002927996,0.00006151576,0.000060584905,0.00017680076,0.00010814705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998599,0.00003689292,0.000012570332,0.000044649794,0.000027175574,0.000018786628],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033047653,0.000026581498,0.000029761319,0.0000011597061,0.00029675572,0.000050175993,0.00008158089,0.00003231187,0.00006649336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005016965,0.000014400091,0.0000976317,0.00011358777,0.0001229121,0.00008021526,0.000015347185,0.0000490554,0.000027151496],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000011639823,0.00001510848,0.00011509277,0.000026911059,0.00006385124,8.4397266e-7,0.238566,0.0000020892164,0.0018597791,0.2646973,0.42854032,0.066111535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026786898,0.0000101234,0.00016079898,0.000018684848,0.000011795529,1.7482418e-7,0.03616299,0.000055867582,0.00027467095,0.007874377,0.955366,0.00003771524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009318934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00034651364,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6455515,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058231435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006271742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2282435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401661449","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.11202","title":"Actuation without production bias","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University; Ohio State University","keywords":"Production (economics); Business; Economics; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.143369584529199,"score_gpt":0.2376170947341313,"score_spread":0.0942475102049323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401661449","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648595,0.00018401656,0.0006194612,0.00077149883,0.0018537939,0.00039031208,0.000007078185,0.00037239993,0.03094193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9554731,0.00031131404,0.000027385551,0.00002970596,0.0007653372,0.0000010924756,0.00003457673,0.00001086904,0.04334659],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988876,0.00014387796,0.00009670212,0.00055444246,0.00011270241,0.00020468254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938744,0.000016988612,0.000109560555,0.0002534359,0.00015058169,0.00008199616],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000357274,0.00014186233,0.00013340157,0.00010597946,0.00030201164,0.00010060815,0.00024464776,0.00027342595,0.00022231514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015761064,0.00013922778,0.0001259555,0.00041644063,0.00014158436,0.00020496774,0.00024793047,0.00039868933,0.00038467188],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021991522,0.0003209617,0.008999785,0.00068501045,0.00059956836,0.00039160904,0.09846413,0.09434228,0.0013800903,0.745792,0.029003112,0.019801592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008618856,0.00013644317,0.0055461335,0.0013648835,0.001863495,0.0000065301415,0.058537778,0.03346481,0.0013180492,0.7843172,0.109674774,0.0029080014],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038741778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0048395083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08067166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044339677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025798654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58566236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402197367","doi":"10.22148/001c.121866","title":"Digital Humanities and Distributed Cognition: From a Lack of Theory to its Visual Augmentation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cognition; Cognitive science; Digital humanities; Conceptual framework; Visualization; Psychology; Sociology; Computer science; Epistemology; Cognitive psychology; Artificial intelligence; Social science","score_opus":0.06055083490596529,"score_gpt":0.3632976391978363,"score_spread":0.302746804291871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402197367","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99347067,0.0016011769,0.00088964857,0.0010740431,0.00020352258,0.00006862668,0.00013537449,0.000015629897,0.0025412964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974979,0.00015031786,0.000047250523,0.0000946925,0.00045366888,3.9791038e-7,0.00004088126,0.0000025472414,0.0017123445],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99928963,0.000046863635,0.00023527956,0.000058939066,0.0002854064,0.00008389419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993974,0.00008153163,0.00010667245,0.00001760731,0.00034148528,0.00005530995],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016315345,0.000059362323,0.00012288612,0.00003962534,0.00010444082,0.000248488,0.00006150744,0.00003778172,0.00015850966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017848953,0.00003754871,0.00007492314,0.00018201169,0.000083723346,0.0007764521,0.000015465557,0.00007782328,0.000010821773],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012193861,0.0005843615,0.0024547738,0.00042942466,0.0030569641,0.00047997973,0.5493865,0.00054907426,0.052074503,0.16156745,0.07003352,0.15816405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018072361,0.0014054609,0.014781052,0.0017999193,0.001896055,0.00009434714,0.7991282,0.0013890904,0.0075651673,0.04487829,0.12437135,0.0008838629],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000033226795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008743265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24974166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058726313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042283293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23961754},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402526932","doi":"10.1075/ts.23016.mos","title":"Do machines and humans translate in the same sense?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Translation Spaces","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Sense (electronics); Computer science; Cognitive science; Psychology; Engineering","score_opus":0.033545434619264534,"score_gpt":0.3447817825376905,"score_spread":0.31123634791842597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402526932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92049855,0.019999176,0.00021815895,0.034724396,0.0001465156,0.00025819105,0.00000721042,0.00011394213,0.024033861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998516,0.0006518512,0.00006388258,0.00013560147,0.00013505272,0.000005691376,0.0000043260543,0.0000035240578,0.00048403494],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99938387,0.00013475101,0.000080315,0.00011490909,0.00017477646,0.000111393616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983263,0.000087858214,0.000008881271,0.00004301244,0.000008956325,0.000018663965],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004190781,0.00005504782,0.000054557535,0.000039176903,0.00017716049,0.00021425536,0.000047152454,0.0000663608,0.00012686112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000602895,0.00003323203,0.00002986477,0.00024082701,0.00008517602,0.0002701284,0.0000011232952,0.000118343196,0.000015648173],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010423854,0.00001257417,0.0016014415,0.000036755922,0.000010893826,0.00002151779,0.7836804,0.000028277846,0.0012303621,0.038783528,0.00040340333,0.17418048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010647167,0.00010202114,0.05329291,0.00031517292,0.00015675367,0.000024531348,0.15574794,0.0045833914,0.00011864625,0.06401137,0.7198201,0.000762469],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021539237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.023162823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7194167,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007830198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000016453147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946619},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402899227","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012436","title":"The refinement paradox and cumulative cultural evolution: Complex products of collective improvement favor conformist outcomes, blind copying, and hyper-credulity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Computational Biology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Capital Regional District","funders":"Fogarty International Center; European Research Council","keywords":"Copying; Conformist; Sociocultural evolution; Sociology; Biology; Political science; Law; Anthropology; Genetics","score_opus":0.05326235115908384,"score_gpt":0.3512192072306595,"score_spread":0.2979568560715757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402899227","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853819,0.0029544306,0.00036214336,0.007666209,0.00022415747,0.0007821428,0.00009863199,0.000054383065,0.0024760044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984145,0.000058039604,0.0005530734,0.00009405351,0.00009194848,0.000030404608,0.00008813244,0.0000029821574,0.0006668633],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990554,0.000129022,0.00023181585,0.00023236431,0.00018240567,0.00016898231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991666,0.0003293132,0.00008864758,0.0000515269,0.00031725568,0.000046619425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026792244,0.00009989737,0.00015517835,0.000028223796,0.0006290365,0.000062928295,0.000074395284,0.000054871787,0.00001990987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020810614,0.000059226473,0.000029131017,0.00018356391,0.000695052,0.00010949078,0.000052691732,0.000083534826,0.000003738359],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036160028,0.00025753357,0.016714493,0.00022111145,0.0008342788,0.00000396556,0.051406763,0.00024973764,0.009908701,0.8903875,0.0041266377,0.025527725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0054804073,0.0023157375,0.5545477,0.0002597398,0.0004342277,0.00003572353,0.061835255,0.056257773,0.000870082,0.20587659,0.11071003,0.0013767313],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062798726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028537476,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6845109,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017328019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022355506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48381037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402908317","doi":"10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.101997","title":"Infant sensitivity to mismatches between same/other-race faces and native/non-native speech","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Infant Behavior and Development","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Race (biology); Native american; Sensitivity (control systems); Speech recognition; Communication; Computer science; Psychology; History; Sociology; Engineering; Genealogy; Gender studies","score_opus":0.03115686279101694,"score_gpt":0.3281926510705419,"score_spread":0.297035788279525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402908317","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963553,0.00047195624,0.00020225483,0.0009545732,0.00014710691,0.00046695737,0.000038690385,0.000100316196,0.0012628661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955589,0.00006869975,0.002483422,0.00015801859,0.00011684558,0.000053811025,0.00001194412,0.000009830997,0.0015384904],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987621,0.0000886657,0.00019447017,0.00033510543,0.00033820138,0.00028146553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950904,0.00012488043,0.000036171947,0.00006576646,0.000079869955,0.00018425514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059257145,0.00016460885,0.00020454863,0.000083043255,0.00042220336,0.00021205607,0.000062866085,0.00010181193,0.000058736197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054435823,0.00012630974,0.000026125463,0.00021845565,0.00013693776,0.00027818067,0.000092256414,0.00013115126,0.000033136308],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016859849,0.000047743197,0.14019535,0.000051265906,0.00007494876,0.0001498364,0.4606889,8.3213007e-7,0.0047623543,0.00041305844,0.0011886118,0.39241025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002458714,0.00006117393,0.80642945,0.00022889973,0.00007088539,0.000016843494,0.036906403,0.0000103547845,0.01856007,0.00014238789,0.1367154,0.00061224477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005212568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0052709063,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66623414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121971614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017772248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7879878},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403305870","doi":"10.1007/s11098-024-02211-w","title":"The perceptual learning of socially constructed kinds: how culture biases and shapes perception","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan College; Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Perception; Philosophy of mind; Philosophy of language; Metaphysics; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Social psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.07135780799977218,"score_gpt":0.35696122737822544,"score_spread":0.28560341937845324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403305870","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8344032,0.0455702,0.0000115638295,0.11371744,0.0003030466,0.00023432697,0.00001061811,0.00022461229,0.0055249757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900094,0.008375944,0.000040752184,0.00006901638,0.0008725614,0.000009939702,0.0000026546747,0.0000049768532,0.00061470794],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990583,0.00019181453,0.00011475478,0.00016872605,0.0002923877,0.00017399262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939656,0.00033546024,0.000038401522,0.00003054062,0.00015746533,0.00004157741],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002739276,0.00009457849,0.00014883949,0.00001756594,0.0012733819,0.0001301323,0.00008333395,0.0000893128,0.000043626762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012259149,0.000051941293,0.00007088621,0.00018317513,0.0013829953,0.00016972961,0.000058853864,0.00020845898,0.0000072842413],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003842472,0.000028244023,0.0012739272,0.00010651316,0.00038680757,0.000013545937,0.34798485,0.0000037350098,0.005583615,0.56114703,0.004135156,0.079298146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029738437,0.0002616105,0.014948743,0.00037649722,0.00022548216,0.000010253954,0.7551182,0.00025167037,0.000024459412,0.18655072,0.041544203,0.00039077533],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010226013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031796214,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40713334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053625383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041711563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9793952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403341864","doi":"10.1142/s0129054124430044","title":"Language Acceptors with a Pushdown: Characterizations and Complexity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Pushdown automaton; Programming language; Theoretical computer science; Discrete mathematics; Mathematics; Finite-state machine","score_opus":0.024407691971876783,"score_gpt":0.34573292049519483,"score_spread":0.321325228523318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403341864","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8774484,0.00018756319,0.11331037,0.0057176934,0.0014941896,0.00007848223,0.000010634074,0.000026823083,0.0017258778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98882675,0.000047578276,0.010563589,0.00006746344,0.00040676017,7.063423e-7,0.0000034932834,0.0000022038612,0.00008143354],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896663,0.000030472662,0.00019501982,0.000094420364,0.0006246306,0.0000888363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99897254,0.00005736418,0.00013049612,0.00005406079,0.0007197719,0.0000657857],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045915626,0.000046322555,0.0000734458,0.0002467098,0.00019031648,0.00040713017,0.0004339883,0.000015770425,0.00011521284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000069842215,0.00003330052,0.00003294409,0.0004396399,0.00079030386,0.0015334387,0.0000519733,0.00007247846,0.000003882687],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057054946,0.00019870322,0.0041195997,0.000027354621,0.0002228555,0.000096297794,0.1098947,0.0002501843,0.018370174,0.52169156,0.0007167566,0.34435478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038311037,0.0019953544,0.64786994,0.0035540194,0.0003910656,0.002631447,0.034144957,0.056938276,0.012841191,0.036476295,0.19743024,0.0018960839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015881618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011941087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64375037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000843401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004203102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.39259654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404106682","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2406971121","title":"Word reuse and combination support efficient communication of emerging concepts","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Reuse; Word (group theory); Computer science; Natural language processing; Linguistics; Engineering","score_opus":0.03604398151130885,"score_gpt":0.36761594637698375,"score_spread":0.3315719648656749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404106682","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769705,0.00080837327,6.871287e-7,0.007863105,0.000025304997,0.00013692983,0.0000044835406,0.0000156071,0.014175019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99907434,0.00016360526,0.0003208631,0.00004986905,0.000027096452,0.0000037252707,2.2851209e-7,0.0000014731041,0.00035877764],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875855,0.000016279779,0.00021236745,0.00011485712,0.00081292196,0.00008503654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993984,0.00010883013,0.00019917295,0.000008151041,0.00026542204,0.000019984607],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018805894,0.000042649935,0.00007802879,0.000087905704,0.00028804265,0.00003204613,0.00050799205,0.000051170206,0.000025650776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006803482,0.000028466198,0.000037157817,0.0007196772,0.0011776218,0.00039988843,0.00011409024,0.00008411773,6.7652036e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000073044234,0.000048886966,0.0020443515,0.000121175864,0.000014729319,5.2875926e-9,0.042702395,0.000055028744,0.07400028,0.8741618,0.0022851448,0.0045589143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008438085,0.00020217813,0.17867552,0.0019522052,0.00013848908,0.0000119036395,0.08441815,0.012368365,0.25788096,0.44972843,0.0132452315,0.0005347677],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000728531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000011073807,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42443335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037147067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043774537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43389964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405140923","doi":"10.1515/flin-2024-0018","title":"Ryan Nefdt: <i>Language, Science, and Structure</i>","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Folia Linguistica","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Media studies; History; Sociology","score_opus":0.006595115860557738,"score_gpt":0.32193743335915076,"score_spread":0.31534231749859304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405140923","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.35424572,0.008079148,0.00009136331,0.0018752441,0.0046223705,0.0003506933,0.000058450085,0.00068563427,0.62999135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99399483,0.000038942042,0.00039702532,0.00024189036,0.0017355629,0.0000025295087,0.0000039123884,0.00000716308,0.003578143],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886906,0.000027940088,0.00009541795,0.00025559892,0.00044327616,0.0003087342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995081,0.00004849465,0.000015310146,0.00010479127,0.00016800841,0.00015529162],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037512174,0.000078795,0.00007748743,0.000071817965,0.00060763746,0.00038425846,0.00017332043,0.000056667264,0.00034134733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001733278,0.000060682058,0.00002359219,0.0005697494,0.000626191,0.000121794146,0.000048249447,0.00011493726,0.0000656209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000069184566,0.000013915906,0.00012049668,0.00004656072,0.000015024147,0.000121842124,0.06574647,6.9635496e-7,0.0065230248,0.86950046,0.014232027,0.043672573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011873761,0.000054386135,0.0007558971,0.000077686695,0.00005364079,0.0000123334,0.007576368,0.00035061032,0.0009849526,0.019801807,0.9699325,0.00028110322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014351831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00064559013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95570046,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000090411675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032798332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46735173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405785430","doi":"10.1109/iros58592.2024.10801673","title":"React to This! How Humans Challenge Interactive Agents using Nonverbal Behaviors","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Nonverbal communication; Computer science; Human–computer interaction; Multimedia; Communication; Psychology","score_opus":0.06102021805572681,"score_gpt":0.38377104058202666,"score_spread":0.32275082252629983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405785430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7172529,0.00027326267,0.00021526839,0.00554608,0.0012740145,0.00031340882,0.000008564129,0.0002845476,0.27483195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97774327,0.00003747515,0.00017574265,0.00017969875,0.00037618037,0.0000066232146,0.0000053016033,0.000007039899,0.021468692],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922746,0.000062156665,0.00006708766,0.00019247335,0.00024786525,0.0002029454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997509,0.000019588982,0.00001588451,0.00007144467,0.00004221704,0.00009993369],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016523736,0.00007345536,0.00007284492,0.000042071722,0.00023988879,0.00018594779,0.000116071664,0.00006860932,0.0022742609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000030297095,0.0000552591,0.000058870923,0.00018173133,0.00003519113,0.00055774685,0.00003811051,0.00011058511,0.0003442868],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024780174,0.00019897112,0.00021620576,0.000028760207,0.00008651377,0.00029171334,0.80479914,0.0000046792775,0.017115323,0.024459299,0.06018685,0.09258776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015990248,0.00017161398,0.00094456726,0.00020499162,0.000105004634,0.0000051592706,0.19276828,0.00042744933,0.0011048033,0.00038752155,0.80321866,0.0005020237],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008497326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005656524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74303186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036628018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006595088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986378},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406209421","doi":"10.1162/opmi_a_00176","title":"Infinite Mixture Chaining: An Efficiency-Based Framework for the Dynamic Construction of Word Meaning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Mind","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Chaining; Lexicon; Meaning (existential); Natural language processing; Set (abstract data type); Categorization; Word (group theory); Vocabulary; Artificial intelligence; Semantics (computer science); Theoretical computer science; Linguistics; Psychology; Programming language","score_opus":0.027477546450750512,"score_gpt":0.36149950397318303,"score_spread":0.3340219575224325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406209421","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86569124,0.00043243382,0.07206895,0.007170445,0.0011348136,0.0018332455,0.00003434026,0.000013221935,0.051621277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718315,0.0000055587857,0.027365182,0.00011611161,0.000048025337,0.000016644099,0.000009820104,0.0000024409119,0.00060471083],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.999435,0.00007243374,0.00011686418,0.00013135794,0.00011424364,0.00013009881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994364,0.00024205002,0.00008742255,0.00012522536,0.0000857884,0.000023136841],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005043272,0.000052375737,0.00008648366,0.000026006383,0.00050036405,0.000106221596,0.00033527176,0.00009234459,0.00027681934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003558081,0.000035062163,0.000038261238,0.00033206647,0.00017706693,0.00013505541,0.000028144876,0.000085746055,0.0000030292672],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015787754,0.00008160717,0.00095783785,0.000018388135,0.00004964672,9.0130203e-7,0.07292461,0.00068740424,0.0019111481,0.09768482,0.00016757876,0.8253582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002890186,0.000423006,0.004280195,0.0013222104,0.00047934972,0.0000021996889,0.5385006,0.05447111,0.0080707185,0.06366029,0.32496518,0.0009349253],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003141147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016144334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82442325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003660913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019585663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38484463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406304926","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00396-9","title":"Reply to ‘Structure-based dissociations provide agnostic evidence to the multiple-systems debate’","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Reviews Psychology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognitive science; Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.034696528503110696,"score_gpt":0.41739945772401915,"score_spread":0.3827029292209084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406304926","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021314807,0.27515495,0.007331608,0.66003656,0.010519265,0.011758676,0.00006582714,0.0003284227,0.013489864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8941436,0.0018598204,0.0007866887,0.09847668,0.0006909019,0.00045810925,0.000014540983,0.0000093568515,0.0035603233],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99760807,0.00096934295,0.00037857704,0.00043119217,0.00025325295,0.00035955332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99835056,0.00065357686,0.00014884846,0.0005165631,0.00021078285,0.00011968872],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011872305,0.0001515183,0.0003011803,0.00008311745,0.0005771749,0.00008536252,0.00063205,0.0002990078,0.00006873435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.015279132,0.00008920196,0.00012250124,0.0013437613,0.00006580985,0.00010740659,0.000038182938,0.00046154205,0.00020590112],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000063186875,0.000058718437,0.0051010754,0.00011395359,0.00003702135,0.000007820663,0.0070583695,0.00021455526,0.0014009819,0.008544151,0.8880596,0.089340575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010378557,0.000031931046,0.00972758,0.0004061855,0.000039667717,0.0000014071668,0.00020053798,0.0000121379635,0.00001441252,0.00018042685,0.9891661,0.00011583913],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010702617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007847169,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8728288,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020017971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013925227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9930156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406370670","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x24000943","title":"The cognitive and evolutionary science of behavioural modernity goes beyond material chronology","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"","keywords":"Modernity; Chronology; Categorization; Cognition; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Psychology; Neuroscience; History; Philosophy; Archaeology","score_opus":0.0419589184577575,"score_gpt":0.3509366554100727,"score_spread":0.3089777369523152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406370670","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936462,0.0010334128,0.0000058291885,0.002633313,0.00027507776,0.00016275632,0.000018634531,0.000019162377,0.0022056021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99884933,0.00011623542,0.000078287565,0.000075844015,0.000034551897,0.000010737788,0.0000018488084,0.0000010058645,0.00083212653],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893194,0.00010342195,0.00013903984,0.0002461335,0.0003022898,0.00027719975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956924,0.00012076304,0.0000646325,0.00005398127,0.00013442786,0.000056984678],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009353464,0.00007225644,0.00009702299,0.00006486343,0.0028249833,0.00016549928,0.00025145523,0.000054418317,0.000027391077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001402795,0.000043606084,0.000021385637,0.00045189448,0.010124976,0.00048289401,0.00014735198,0.000060746075,7.7668545e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021468624,0.00034213348,0.28279,0.00002907179,0.000017637274,0.0000093039,0.035057038,0.0000021110823,0.07457095,0.22837824,0.001503787,0.37708503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00048700292,0.00036991938,0.89562345,0.00006935011,0.00007023748,0.0000102498925,0.06550058,0.00009239006,0.0047812685,0.032008372,0.0007189847,0.00026817486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042749024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002008089,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61283344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003480108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003307288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984732},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406402826","doi":"10.1007/s11049-024-09620-w","title":"Morphological conditions on movement-chain resolution","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural Language & Linguistic Theory","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Movement (music); Chain (unit); Resolution (logic); Geodesy; Geology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Art; Physics; Aesthetics","score_opus":0.0076456316957111475,"score_gpt":0.32023456442818377,"score_spread":0.3125889327324726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406402826","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36155477,0.007760852,0.0005432411,0.002114043,0.0038085487,0.0007463616,0.00008025315,0.00071141304,0.62268054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9643534,0.000020142532,0.00013243606,0.0032819165,0.000715207,0.000022101403,0.00008844388,0.000006373743,0.03137998],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984879,0.00041184181,0.00018816187,0.00027210164,0.00028750076,0.00035250455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913484,0.0003971991,0.00006568173,0.00020107497,0.00012862231,0.000072609095],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074755243,0.00013673198,0.00014591515,0.00009788764,0.0006832776,0.000058641534,0.000242693,0.00016004831,0.00085245667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004961395,0.00010483979,0.00010382414,0.00031864803,0.00027305054,0.000052489708,0.000044797227,0.0003438858,0.00012775742],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007975997,0.000058331683,0.00003207721,0.000006847966,0.000022597176,0.00010183798,0.008209659,0.000012687322,0.0022990084,0.98150945,0.002819781,0.004847938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028461127,0.0003361414,0.0114456825,0.0006275703,0.0003397212,0.000011651471,0.109441206,0.0005507942,0.003202195,0.75534326,0.11439296,0.0014626967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00085292396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051303115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60279864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023964496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082345665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9333803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406565834","doi":"10.1016/j.endend.2011.10.028","title":"10.1016/j.endend.2011.10.028","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science","score_opus":0.007249851144738485,"score_gpt":0.2091150872383756,"score_spread":0.20186523609363713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406565834","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008704327,0.00011930932,2.074968e-7,0.0007952927,0.000002353021,0.0001231517,0.0000058582577,0.00013780325,0.9979456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008920089,8.4164765e-7,0.000030940937,0.00005565663,0.000415691,0.0000096853,0.000010867841,0.000006707403,0.9985776],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999162,0.00007238041,0.00009411238,0.00015335868,0.00024876388,0.00026939408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996485,0.000019688228,0.000019002047,0.00012253829,0.000047543424,0.00014270628],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018009939,0.00007500832,0.00008588915,0.000022044373,0.0002787703,0.000053941847,0.00019229524,0.000069957634,0.9996299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042644213,0.00006264005,0.000050995728,0.0001423744,0.000054961358,0.00018620945,0.000016844715,0.000059316684,0.99785686],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001671711,0.00001659974,6.453996e-8,8.96749e-7,0.0000049842565,0.0000030532651,0.00072622823,0.0000034502887,0.000028863766,0.000012656209,0.54342633,0.45576015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000825086,0.000038447328,0.000027755157,0.0000047906105,0.000008455002,9.3658116e-7,0.000068623696,0.0000075069047,0.000021795215,0.000027057338,0.99960124,0.000110905465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011043207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027590087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45617488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000066167006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000042283446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25543872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406853911","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-29068-8.00069-6","title":"Social learning in non-primate mammals","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Primate; Social learning; Geography; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Psychology; Ecology","score_opus":0.014228057745062516,"score_gpt":0.2985339422512358,"score_spread":0.2843058845061733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406853911","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00016194311,0.0004906596,9.805884e-7,0.00034999024,0.00021849047,0.00034644184,0.000004255432,0.00008690392,0.9983403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00644011,0.00013162562,0.00003140763,0.00024481636,0.000703214,0.000020229569,0.000019763193,0.00001922774,0.9923896],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986747,0.000077792094,0.0002776696,0.00028962994,0.00034108714,0.00033911888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957377,0.00003739566,0.00015553995,0.00010231159,0.00007568896,0.000055298762],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044916148,0.00020919643,0.000343787,0.000109756635,0.00049767917,0.00007337797,0.00024123274,0.0004538289,0.00047391996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048304904,0.0001969722,0.00017964069,0.000028277793,0.00015809269,0.00006419988,0.00008813342,0.0005689447,0.00020840747],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005974478,0.000002491282,0.000013052811,0.000034269775,0.000019243203,0.000026275413,0.01018552,3.3728665e-7,0.000012494827,0.039379735,0.0006452404,0.9496754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014096028,0.00000931,0.000057189976,0.00024531173,0.000034315173,3.7996713e-7,0.000536478,0.0000016366528,0.000005637245,0.008949167,0.9897724,0.00024720907],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000057914178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021650093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98912716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029100195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025174403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8032294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407172172","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2024.2456432","title":"Words and Meaning in 2024","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Planning Theory & Practice","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Meaning (existential); Linguistics; Art; Aesthetics; Sociology; Philosophy; Epistemology","score_opus":0.02074707816588102,"score_gpt":0.3592418979625352,"score_spread":0.3384948197966542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407172172","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.119395964,0.015707431,0.00039591143,0.0045141117,0.00079387956,0.00012850357,0.0000014619532,0.00021562193,0.85884714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99186677,0.00015920405,0.00033494402,0.000341977,0.00028279133,0.0000051830752,0.0000015496097,0.0000059147746,0.007001678],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907726,0.00039181748,0.00007927928,0.00014520096,0.0001458054,0.00016063289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882597,0.0010483008,0.00002306046,0.000047420617,0.000015582245,0.000039672854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002193226,0.00005241376,0.000055459004,0.00004828836,0.00017426643,0.00019186421,0.00006208281,0.00005074689,0.00019750935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018237596,0.000043301156,0.000014280989,0.00024980394,0.00006060375,0.0008630963,0.000024420713,0.00021289586,0.0000695026],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006908503,0.00001311924,0.00047409502,0.000018027597,0.00002252254,0.0003029905,0.27828053,0.000019813038,0.00020973683,0.6939338,0.0016356449,0.025020646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011365667,0.000027274535,0.0004910034,0.00032700176,0.00006553345,0.000045042685,0.22303325,0.0002848949,0.000022948268,0.07520881,0.70017874,0.00020187319],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006025212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013077933,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8724708,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000051839732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000051062525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21833424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407419890","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1490698","title":"Language writ large: LLMs, ChatGPT, meaning, and understanding","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Mirroring; Meaning (existential); Writ; Psychology; Perception; Comprehension; Cognitive psychology; Scale (ratio); Linguistics; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Social psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.037511079738150425,"score_gpt":0.33206634118191086,"score_spread":0.29455526144376043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407419890","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.077485956,0.009917996,0.7110883,0.0051975,0.0044148006,0.00081459124,0.000016012744,0.0002887389,0.1907761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99566245,0.0003760284,0.0013134651,0.00025387725,0.00012843299,0.000008687937,0.000004206112,0.000005040672,0.0022478243],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988981,0.000115279014,0.00021445878,0.0002393577,0.00018040398,0.0003523974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997183,0.00004204894,0.00004404736,0.00010661673,0.000029059625,0.000059920276],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059730106,0.00009426925,0.00014336684,0.00014672287,0.00042488117,0.00011293066,0.00017647144,0.00011065819,0.00011438445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028165945,0.000091193324,0.000034723114,0.00056909,0.00022237646,0.0002264855,0.00004951404,0.00016182271,0.000013722623],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026743674,0.000043156415,0.0041865627,0.0000158584,0.000014534855,0.000017794991,0.06977945,0.000013824161,0.00020142514,0.8648158,0.0047095367,0.056175366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000070395676,0.000025062835,0.00033398723,0.0001554822,0.000022730545,6.599244e-7,0.61866975,0.0030274887,0.0022031132,0.35476118,0.02043446,0.0002957068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015175288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01036093,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9181765,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029978386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006931694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5781642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407757006","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241091","title":"Projected speaker numbers and dormancy risks of Canada’s Indigenous languages","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Royal Society Open Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Wenner-Gren Foundation","keywords":"Indigenous; Census; Population; Diversity (politics); Vitality; Linguistic diversity; Linguistics; Geography; History; Demography; Political science; Sociology; Biology; Law; Ecology","score_opus":0.019446932657914622,"score_gpt":0.35135988359713505,"score_spread":0.3319129509392204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407757006","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7998161,0.00036770853,0.000024338886,0.00075140735,0.00012731824,0.00042189308,0.000008300278,0.000019989544,0.19846295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98334926,0.000045741454,0.00052993133,0.0003756264,0.000027922928,0.0000072887697,0.0000017601294,0.0000019369604,0.015660506],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99884605,0.00004293035,0.0001230394,0.00023027968,0.00043251246,0.00032518464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995354,0.000030990832,0.0000692686,0.00012307196,0.00015598132,0.00008528892],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00085735024,0.00006669751,0.00011475125,0.000014899605,0.0011879705,0.00016856924,0.0007456015,0.000048208876,0.00007760991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001606421,0.000052734995,0.00002948471,0.0007429652,0.0006492879,0.00030468756,0.00027491894,0.00008302647,0.0000014139958],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042636584,0.0002125463,0.23492113,0.00015780928,0.00013286588,0.00001811525,0.526566,0.000089794004,0.0051822057,0.026752254,0.12708408,0.07884055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072515535,0.000048786253,0.6960316,0.00012741788,0.00004415803,0.0000014196534,0.2468339,0.00030996485,0.0026746162,0.00041091634,0.05235019,0.00044190028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.94028056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8261048,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46111044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026364575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0037275418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9137029},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408896847","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19346.2","title":"A phylogenetic classification of the Je language family","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Research Europe","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","keywords":"Phylogenetic tree; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Computer science; Philosophy; Genetics","score_opus":0.14713033830666042,"score_gpt":0.47129606245954697,"score_spread":0.3241657241528866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408896847","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36094764,0.0004169186,0.0000066961366,0.0032764531,0.00006134315,0.0004331914,0.0000026866765,0.0000071889876,0.6348479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9322078,0.00013053778,0.000035702637,0.00012464999,0.000040865856,0.000018663826,0.0000018609793,0.0000028930428,0.06743698],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982326,0.0009559731,0.00009476705,0.00013217525,0.00039626172,0.00018822584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992813,0.00009513159,0.000029125424,0.00026562295,0.00029773274,0.000031088326],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014704667,0.000033131506,0.00005716426,0.000035449066,0.0004975261,0.00012960377,0.0010295743,0.000031102154,0.00012800904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089769514,0.000020184656,0.000024078747,0.0011414016,0.00029535574,0.00009376288,0.00034650532,0.00013952708,0.00008298463],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005476656,0.00013012852,0.004644986,0.000029080353,0.00002445162,0.0000054719567,0.02374744,0.00000325585,0.47363767,0.33147836,0.050881773,0.11536261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003587869,0.000055266966,0.42926615,0.000117462165,0.000010675838,2.1599357e-7,0.0425905,0.000055567347,0.0052524786,0.0024048411,0.51978457,0.00010347044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0063452967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002023877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5712602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004722048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031961125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9592233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409111867","doi":"10.24908/cmj.v24i2.19236","title":"Culture Change is Difficult but Necessary","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Military Journal","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Culture change; Sociology; Social science","score_opus":0.02442861568557801,"score_gpt":0.2815282956148899,"score_spread":0.2570996799293119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409111867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53423256,0.29024616,0.000024711728,0.08405273,0.0058156163,0.00047522245,0.00034204073,0.00021524994,0.0845957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9634196,0.003987109,0.0000775491,0.0051204776,0.0051371637,0.000007513681,0.000025554495,0.000012736125,0.022212258],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989262,0.00008879574,0.00012748121,0.0001532271,0.0002559826,0.00044830964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901193,0.0000112095795,0.000012912756,0.000076008015,0.00011353551,0.0007744014],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002511739,0.00009831093,0.000087539425,0.00010230124,0.0009323951,0.00012869791,0.00021737242,0.00013341475,0.0029661101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056127617,0.00007301803,0.00010337989,0.0003636133,0.000098600096,0.0006507895,0.000008492028,0.00036558814,0.00031713076],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002822283,0.0000066634334,0.00043494187,0.000017387465,0.00004415808,0.00096840266,0.15517879,9.734333e-7,0.00014167957,0.0017282373,0.80636364,0.035112277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006337331,0.000023159399,0.0025241717,0.00008738989,0.0000234797,0.00013555544,0.036020722,0.00004638681,0.000009654306,0.000963428,0.9599429,0.0001597904],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.40018743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6775699,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42918706,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00055408373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007444833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409113325","doi":"10.1017/s0140525x24001262","title":"Philosophy or science of societies?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sociocultural evolution; Epistemology; Identity (music); Sociology; Philosophy of science; Cognitive science; Anthropology; Psychology; Philosophy; Aesthetics","score_opus":0.07122096202341155,"score_gpt":0.4112579666264696,"score_spread":0.340037004603058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409113325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534112,0.00030916708,0.000010562117,0.0073319715,0.00019101832,0.000115134586,0.0000026914458,0.000028826254,0.038599435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99404335,0.00004397106,0.00034210607,0.00037478848,0.000044504162,0.0000042317793,2.9363486e-7,7.538584e-7,0.0051459866],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990069,0.000039424038,0.000116139316,0.00020478877,0.00041388746,0.00021882118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996905,0.000049974202,0.000048640482,0.00005993698,0.000096391654,0.000054590528],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010052447,0.000054012966,0.00008844647,0.00008385356,0.0012360885,0.00010206523,0.00032704006,0.000039369614,0.00010013743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014573203,0.00003326033,0.00002973823,0.001354433,0.00505878,0.00048690866,0.00007555372,0.000042249347,0.000002035393],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044665307,0.00029197993,0.026405584,0.000054258704,0.000006139434,0.000006454284,0.040852576,0.0000025273878,0.05520087,0.7252001,0.014875154,0.13705966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023755939,0.0022259646,0.18447348,0.0009261346,0.00018540562,0.000013537169,0.36439058,0.0002071713,0.036893364,0.29627627,0.110254414,0.0017780515],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009464086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002893328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42892385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000028088616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047852955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976489},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410844294","doi":"10.5539/elt.v18n6p97","title":"Multilingualism Between Inclusion and Exclusion: A Social Semiotic Analysis of Invented Languages in Chants of Sennaar","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multilingualism; Linguistics; Psychology; Semiotics; Inclusion (mineral); Social exclusion; Sociology; Pedagogy; Social psychology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.012117651802333032,"score_gpt":0.3561462471505692,"score_spread":0.34402859534823615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410844294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935807,0.00132947,0.00007266158,0.00018163944,0.00006845619,0.00016231254,0.000024517787,0.000056762776,0.0045234915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999224,0.000026748156,0.00016583716,0.000059662714,0.00018798653,0.0000027709054,0.000052438045,0.000005925997,0.0002746424],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983347,0.0005595852,0.00035846807,0.00021352008,0.00031323323,0.00022048892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936056,0.0002409845,0.00017652598,0.0001240901,0.00005475466,0.00004307584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015724916,0.00011298895,0.00042272688,0.00048005543,0.00042277988,0.000017100045,0.00019728811,0.00015835745,0.000040096165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015244473,0.000101759695,0.0001135029,0.0010386999,0.00012585863,0.00016284584,0.00038193486,0.00026336292,2.0203235e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012213448,0.00005387786,0.02934109,0.000059736994,0.00015360331,0.000011194718,0.94470674,0.000011395176,0.004875308,0.002236674,0.000017895356,0.018520277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012372982,0.00003180893,0.0750659,0.00041702666,0.00081567315,1.9124498e-7,0.9176351,0.0008030957,0.0028071343,0.00042819625,0.0004339071,0.00032469345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015297882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009863346,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045724813,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009220313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000050868468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99125934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410989388","doi":"10.1007/s42113-025-00247-7","title":"Large-Scale Social Feedback and Language Usage: a Distributional Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computational Brain & Behavior","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Computer science; Data science; Geography; Cartography","score_opus":0.010281527655798576,"score_gpt":0.33126293980598503,"score_spread":0.32098141215018644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410989388","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9813862,0.00023400698,0.009532632,0.005640137,0.000097219374,0.00019217092,0.0002399975,0.000079555786,0.0025981017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934037,0.000001988199,0.000569817,0.0006436746,0.00014565194,0.000031504835,0.00066411076,0.0000030634862,0.0045365044],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989681,0.00013284144,0.00015338905,0.00021893496,0.00031187342,0.00021482586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956685,0.00013574395,0.00005018584,0.000051111085,0.0001332995,0.00006282577],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031299426,0.00008609076,0.0001389586,0.000095204574,0.00087224523,0.00010503647,0.000110722525,0.00008773841,0.00046283586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009103334,0.00008332883,0.00011707369,0.0008182915,0.00018044325,0.00015069796,0.000052317984,0.00009495926,0.000018653345],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009876793,0.0012773176,0.296638,0.00004113668,0.0007864255,0.00008089742,0.15703008,0.00069096393,0.0015709574,0.40120396,0.072190195,0.068391286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047615217,0.0000085871025,0.97340655,0.000006214953,0.00034342648,9.050663e-7,0.013080093,0.00073878234,0.000009934823,0.0016817852,0.010088062,0.00015948023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003064662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011967354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6767686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011898093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012476149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67086935},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411122320","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.06.658225","title":"Dynamic strategic social learning in nest-building zebra finches and its generalisability","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Directorate for Biological Sciences; University of St Andrews; University of Alberta","keywords":"Nest (protein structural motif); ZEBRA (computer); Dynamic capabilities; Ecology; Computer science; Biology; Knowledge management","score_opus":0.022699512854650473,"score_gpt":0.277026527311911,"score_spread":0.2543270144572605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411122320","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954483,0.0022565976,0.000031363492,0.000798715,0.0004720196,0.00050241593,0.00004521232,0.00030145296,0.0001439204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99846363,0.0004012489,0.0005226816,0.00010420926,0.00034801374,0.0000810695,4.9537215e-7,0.000022999486,0.00005563966],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973234,0.0005719752,0.0003951411,0.00079197204,0.00035074033,0.0005667784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990603,0.000080939324,0.00023713255,0.00023310943,0.00024988494,0.00013866051],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011566237,0.00034430428,0.0004399033,0.0001594967,0.00070753705,0.00032020657,0.00038410217,0.0006868086,0.00004855743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041797012,0.00036469958,0.00011059302,0.0006061939,0.00019223742,0.00027758002,0.00033613355,0.00095055456,0.000007770297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013088323,0.00057002023,0.0751449,0.0028680686,0.00036146858,0.00018197391,0.0076523367,0.0018220532,0.7255816,0.18535706,0.00022872859,0.000100931946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030308967,0.00014144639,0.9323123,0.002535684,0.00057717535,3.2971233e-8,0.0037679835,0.018916573,0.02268976,0.00095137814,0.009191075,0.0058857133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002055979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00074753707,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85716736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006791601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008779585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411442784","doi":"10.1016/j.nlp.2025.100163","title":"Can “consciousness” be observed from large language model (LLM) internal states? Dissecting LLM representations obtained from Theory of Mind test with Integrated Information Theory and Span Representation analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural Language Processing Journal","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"World Anti-Doping Agency","funders":"","keywords":"Representation (politics); Consciousness; Test (biology); Span (engineering); Cognitive science; Psychology; Integrated information theory; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Political science; Geology","score_opus":0.010703627425701757,"score_gpt":0.30592501771710584,"score_spread":0.2952213902914041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411442784","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9623452,0.0036077115,0.032484602,0.00047893147,0.00010999628,0.00017886703,0.00023801692,0.00005542424,0.00050123956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99490917,0.000040734754,0.003035218,0.00022633543,0.00012461763,0.000006277685,0.00073045405,0.000009269813,0.00091794156],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99794894,0.00050272903,0.00051120046,0.00025618394,0.00047671,0.0003042278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978194,0.000612911,0.0006091597,0.00016693617,0.0006823743,0.000109172615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010193202,0.0001945372,0.00032179375,0.00031316874,0.00074720447,0.00050939684,0.00026937987,0.00012922843,0.0001520336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002537581,0.00013717104,0.00011209605,0.0011546626,0.00019092349,0.0014451729,0.00005974541,0.0005366907,6.6253364e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009940087,0.00021155724,0.09087586,0.000057680838,0.0010638733,0.000057272642,0.7491104,0.0014064593,0.012898395,0.000887457,0.00014247265,0.14229454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016301308,0.00005152816,0.037735872,0.0004829759,0.0012014294,0.000008006327,0.88789004,0.060767177,0.0046063215,0.0052351607,0.000027174698,0.00036417364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010264541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019112635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14193037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017165884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028012812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412073619","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2505283122","title":"Environmental variability shapes the representational format of cultural learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Office of Naval Research; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Mechanism (biology); Cultural learning; Computer science; Experiential learning; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive science; Variable (mathematics); Psychology; Mathematics education; Epistemology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.026856379808257988,"score_gpt":0.33578930907149795,"score_spread":0.30893292926323995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412073619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534149,0.00011419418,0.0000017243416,0.0046123513,0.000018580471,0.00015304826,0.0000060556863,0.00000702166,0.0416721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998983,0.00004284309,0.00016487164,0.000120118275,0.0000480138,0.000005740259,1.733055e-7,6.4363303e-7,0.00063459435],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985816,0.000030772673,0.00022928936,0.00011815654,0.00094130787,0.0000988769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937856,0.00019602766,0.00028372626,0.0000044225403,0.00012430728,0.000012942891],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019820882,0.000045839384,0.00007782803,0.00003564206,0.0006328298,0.000021656433,0.0005706222,0.00005040894,0.000058105765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011387562,0.00002342081,0.00007346908,0.00047984108,0.0016910624,0.00058395544,0.00010734122,0.00011839665,6.5922177e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023246375,0.00007620553,0.07671811,0.0000543078,0.000036300178,1.8653692e-9,0.019602755,0.00047715532,0.18931285,0.70956624,0.0019683037,0.002164513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002649251,0.000034248536,0.6633964,0.00011022753,0.000041540665,0.0000018461952,0.06731342,0.0017317113,0.08060005,0.1825886,0.0037895157,0.00012750216],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000079548794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.9689855e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5866783,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005243859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003848553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62307894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412559809","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192868350.013.6","title":"Linguistic phylogeography","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Innovation Cluster (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Phylogeography; Linguistics; Biology; Philosophy; Phylogenetics; Genetics","score_opus":0.016387982807040742,"score_gpt":0.22970282756846164,"score_spread":0.2133148447614209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412559809","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000012299836,0.0002319259,0.000043169708,0.000026891048,0.0003210415,0.00023170582,0.000058637062,0.00014663543,0.9989277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0013150438,0.00048038547,0.00007522448,0.00006583901,0.0002824918,3.3625014e-7,0.000027922866,0.000008125017,0.9977446],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914986,0.000037742102,0.00008753095,0.00026176014,0.00024227476,0.00022081635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939936,0.00004262667,0.00010183642,0.0001983797,0.00016149183,0.00009627982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000079940444,0.0001676019,0.00018801462,0.00011228054,0.00056365435,0.00004210784,0.00038197907,0.00035277498,0.00011100673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000027316833,0.00017998659,0.0002139765,0.000013600484,0.00028451902,0.000042103904,0.00012526494,0.00025531108,0.0000018142108],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001749423,0.0000035543228,0.0000033928522,0.000021548869,0.00006484004,0.00005446764,0.0023042131,2.4654037e-7,0.0000014454699,0.98580605,0.00424644,0.0074763214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013129463,0.000013296606,0.000004657574,0.000098887205,0.00015141656,2.403507e-7,0.00026658387,0.0000015438992,0.000003400875,0.0028110817,0.99631023,0.00020737044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013272048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008437441,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99206376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013573661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015350676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.733964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413319378","doi":"10.1109/arso64737.2025.11124974","title":"Improving Configuration Space Reconstruction through Multimodal Generative Models with Local Critics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Generative grammar; Computer science; Space (punctuation); Generative model; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision","score_opus":0.015036353503096843,"score_gpt":0.28480987905875504,"score_spread":0.2697735255556582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413319378","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020613603,0.00007252164,0.7884924,0.0020094537,0.00019095212,0.00019848206,0.0000015504972,0.00009139833,0.18832968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98181015,0.000024350169,0.009899707,0.00034603875,0.00011995099,0.000012798452,0.0000067302553,0.0000027812985,0.00777751],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993755,0.00007431428,0.00009588005,0.00015982316,0.00014203184,0.00015245464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996385,0.000024247296,0.000034932516,0.00006370332,0.00021062535,0.000027978507],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000091520626,0.000068444795,0.00007443071,0.000019435161,0.00047258116,0.000115454124,0.00006536763,0.000079573205,0.00012269852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039416882,0.000049513063,0.000022482543,0.00018587992,0.00021282671,0.0010944302,0.000012316528,0.000074297524,0.000006083533],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026427284,0.000019217858,0.00009940905,0.000009228108,0.000018292134,0.0000018173523,0.011519661,0.0026255006,0.0020906087,0.9477596,0.0006489201,0.035181295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021078498,0.00018342736,0.00048213068,0.00018167862,0.0001612415,0.000012934534,0.34332043,0.43130505,0.065652244,0.1515138,0.004224234,0.0008549985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016416766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011468484,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96119654,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015285682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019403294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.990133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413910953","doi":"10.1038/s41597-025-05445-3","title":"The Indo-European Cognate Relationships dataset","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Data","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Lexeme; Cognate; Metadata; Computer science; Benchmark (surveying); Lexicon; Language family; Natural language processing; Interoperability; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Information retrieval; World Wide Web; Geography; Cartography","score_opus":0.10680086555281473,"score_gpt":0.37512981886630353,"score_spread":0.2683289533134888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413910953","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.014096931,0.0038468663,0.0007692762,0.033592198,0.012100729,0.0010103087,0.032211613,0.0003741948,0.90199786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8048254,0.00009860945,0.00019367847,0.00040996165,0.00028296545,0.0000057973466,0.05046454,0.0000062759323,0.14371273],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986374,0.0004869459,0.00011829223,0.00029950432,0.00026391144,0.00019394586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986113,0.00013782766,0.00004137331,0.0011092053,0.000056369652,0.000043970987],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005107426,0.000041860967,0.000034827714,0.000029916824,0.004490871,0.00083316053,0.001619631,0.000021980235,0.0001171336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016422061,0.000026408316,0.000011734764,0.00061872747,0.0005852276,0.00053414056,0.0005291944,0.0001239484,0.0006720495],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000015528334,0.000006927021,0.00013907746,0.0000011239579,0.000004841295,0.000001346082,0.0010117057,3.954102e-7,0.00004618296,0.02264076,0.95948625,0.01665987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005348981,8.299506e-7,0.0023013742,0.000009388202,0.00001050859,1.4302215e-7,0.0043683015,0.000048466438,0.000008110883,0.0014975508,0.9916624,0.00003947418],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034861444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0075139445,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7907285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000027443619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013659806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99680513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414117674","doi":"10.1017/9781108950855.007","title":"<i>Say</i>, <i>Tell</i>, and <i>Be Like</i> Meme Constructions","year":2025,"lang":"he","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Set (abstract data type); Feature (linguistics); Perspective (graphical); Field (mathematics); Context (archaeology)","score_opus":0.017224012380697918,"score_gpt":0.214006846151521,"score_spread":0.19678283377082306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414117674","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015721167,0.0012182794,0.00009819061,0.0003489005,0.0010693477,0.0007571185,0.00080737314,0.00020468814,0.99392396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0060236487,0.0037128555,0.00012773139,0.00085316616,0.0003652243,0.000001417469,0.00009982454,0.000024873574,0.9887913],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99753267,0.00018835302,0.00032288439,0.0008774817,0.00049861067,0.00057999225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99826056,0.00016319455,0.00031821255,0.00049175316,0.00036576396,0.00040050538],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001698844,0.00056018034,0.00059919764,0.00016344615,0.0018313827,0.00017008443,0.00060541055,0.0007200492,0.00006251407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003004632,0.00061823736,0.00033119528,0.000057679317,0.0018624724,0.0003077316,0.0005650964,0.00073500304,0.000027365204],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007108112,0.000014393555,0.000016856651,0.00011619922,0.00022204217,0.00014706748,0.001318768,6.183425e-7,0.000115589064,0.87408155,0.12147958,0.002416268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068006344,0.00004801293,0.00004141606,0.00022715806,0.00074247265,0.000025520183,0.003290091,0.000013069721,0.000088780616,0.000017348693,0.994151,0.00067506556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0045988313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033558137,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8740642,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002984204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034945883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996269},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414431132","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198852414.013.0016","title":"Research","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Virtue; Reading (process); Active listening; Character (mathematics); Novella; Storytelling; Human sexuality","score_opus":0.060575484912978275,"score_gpt":0.3087710301540347,"score_spread":0.24819554524105641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414431132","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001543087,0.00015298012,0.0000150772785,0.00010744586,0.00015605702,0.00027604116,0.000029904228,0.000098437966,0.9991486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00046288327,0.0005966476,0.000040562914,0.000032283635,0.00021237413,4.054411e-7,0.000015348725,0.0000072611065,0.99863225],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877584,0.000114370814,0.00007302687,0.00026168683,0.00048233994,0.00029274414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925345,0.00008155435,0.00005172057,0.00022631917,0.0002841236,0.00010282303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032834677,0.00011684776,0.00014713129,0.00013880887,0.0009435082,0.000055295677,0.0004951053,0.0004134494,0.00022238353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023533872,0.00012306274,0.00011450607,0.000016676284,0.00042975272,0.0000859075,0.00024419368,0.0004948275,0.0000053517015],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019659437,0.0000026347175,4.3122455e-7,0.000014942683,0.000029399536,0.0000474306,0.0017899241,1.6155553e-7,0.0000020099508,0.9461381,0.04049624,0.011459105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010599776,0.000013812059,0.0000015261049,0.00009592864,0.000037080543,2.157695e-7,0.0014854888,0.0000011417052,0.0000071158333,0.0029947862,0.99512017,0.00013673559],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023422192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016759535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95462394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037685325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032362394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72567976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414453698","doi":"10.1145/3748642","title":"How Generative Models Are Ruining Themselves","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the ACM","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Generative grammar; Generative model; Artificial life; Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","score_opus":0.09877660606627524,"score_gpt":0.356827387966159,"score_spread":0.25805078189988373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414453698","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.087762505,0.008567579,0.0004222386,0.70475274,0.00020605413,0.00039106535,0.000012950889,0.00008051776,0.19780432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825992,0.00043506382,0.01009983,0.0002626678,0.0000200784,0.000015958714,0.0000024093408,0.0000015891161,0.0065631834],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99950546,0.00022012941,0.000065152904,0.000051007253,0.00008362549,0.00007461706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942149,0.00012719556,0.00007926794,0.0054491838,0.00011752783,0.00001193223],"candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019406955,0.000033305852,0.000058065976,0.000016402873,0.00077385164,0.000041431565,0.008066466,0.000033170134,0.000004984635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037431256,0.000021459266,0.000042074473,0.00025007137,0.00028946344,0.0001758,0.003081309,0.00007778427,0.0000012619624],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000031060836,0.00006684794,0.0014592428,0.0000072183166,0.00005633426,3.833823e-8,0.049106162,0.00015552485,0.0037964717,0.8666275,0.07526878,0.003452745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014283642,0.0000058877267,0.0030264147,0.00013247819,0.000046880967,1.3937178e-7,0.09672305,0.0010574216,0.0019990385,0.8526053,0.044156022,0.00010453427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046932412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022556174,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8948367,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000038148013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006450975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414462242","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adv6153","title":"Technological complexity and combinatorial invention in small-scale societies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Advances","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund","keywords":"Species richness; Set (abstract data type); Adaptability; Reuse; Foraging; Resource (disambiguation); Scaling","score_opus":0.025657155569564834,"score_gpt":0.33072047052959197,"score_spread":0.30506331496002714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414462242","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9567072,0.0016502547,0.00011498438,0.0027287987,0.0005092819,0.00016464484,8.5391105e-7,0.00008675084,0.038037263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986055,0.00017297997,0.0005731858,0.000101713405,0.000028405859,0.000009499837,5.735953e-7,6.4954173e-7,0.0005074788],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99926066,0.0000504263,0.00009304595,0.00019957474,0.00017811329,0.00021814996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979246,0.000029402529,0.000030549614,0.000060003676,0.000055596942,0.00003197616],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081655016,0.000047183574,0.0000773371,0.00007058661,0.000681499,0.000077030236,0.00022571228,0.000053606906,0.000015328784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027338605,0.00003700434,0.000017241555,0.0009867148,0.0049029794,0.0005592742,0.00007379408,0.00008807216,0.0000028757072],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007164426,0.000041068048,0.016347906,0.000010199666,8.1779774e-7,8.5930674e-7,0.0026867671,0.0000022588576,0.0039237444,0.92918265,0.00007767001,0.04771892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002439703,0.000024313984,0.022323128,0.000040902774,0.0000027711433,2.8432655e-7,0.028268622,0.000024776373,0.0020445997,0.9338583,0.013070181,0.00009815462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002693157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026972834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.047620766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010015467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010663379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978051},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415428526","doi":"10.3233/faia251014","title":"Selection in the Meme Pool: Graph-Based Evolution of Textual Content","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Selection (genetic algorithm); Variation (astronomy); Process (computing); Code (set theory); Function (biology); Source code; Content (measure theory); Memetics","score_opus":0.048998245081613746,"score_gpt":0.2929999397902111,"score_spread":0.24400169470859737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415428526","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00314532,0.0076214955,0.91954464,0.0039856285,0.0007122719,0.006039191,0.0001669791,0.00006425226,0.058720235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942307,0.0016937815,0.00069517654,0.00015936469,0.00025308476,0.0004042351,0.0000479892,0.000010900894,0.0025047625],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99752384,0.0001820602,0.00097187643,0.0005431289,0.0004295893,0.0003495071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894065,0.000152418,0.00037797238,0.0002222723,0.00024610688,0.00006058177],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00087760476,0.00028515141,0.00041049684,0.00046982992,0.00053906476,0.000075540585,0.00046586397,0.00042358026,0.00008943914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008593303,0.00023860596,0.00017554517,0.0010563274,0.0010127192,0.00018095452,0.000035864898,0.0005069157,0.000012360388],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006531652,0.00018905707,0.0007246758,0.000048760292,0.000026084148,7.7481343e-7,0.0029978214,0.00042042995,0.0002423035,0.8411201,0.00037937853,0.15378529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021105222,0.00032868623,0.0022520628,0.00085260987,0.0003753726,0.0000023287955,0.18632185,0.017583072,0.0021325687,0.7456431,0.043224797,0.0010725338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0045136986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011310592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9910854,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033072324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028980392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97300684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415620707","doi":"10.7202/1120384ar","title":"The Computerized Database of Labrador Inuttut: A Language Revitalization Technology Component","year":2024,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Études/Inuit/Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Experiential learning; Emulation; Component (thermodynamics); Sustenance; Resource (disambiguation); Modularity (biology); Language technology; Sentence","score_opus":0.03589239299227693,"score_gpt":0.35111770268607284,"score_spread":0.3152253096937959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415620707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6631176,0.32556772,0.0000064062438,0.008440409,0.0020292928,0.00041161934,0.00013510422,0.00019074982,0.000101115395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96462685,0.029844275,0.00043599878,0.00017211969,0.00060486025,0.000048710914,0.00003152602,0.000019979007,0.004215706],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99792725,0.00031139355,0.0005128303,0.00039050583,0.00043662352,0.00042141485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987605,0.00035245283,0.00018949407,0.0003479757,0.00028846227,0.00006110163],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00072164094,0.00026113793,0.00046253292,0.000105006126,0.0005301473,0.00009382289,0.00042020352,0.00017125231,0.000077290184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003842122,0.00017133578,0.00015636992,0.0013385627,0.0015715257,0.0003941398,0.00037766973,0.00023699547,0.00011116617],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018557208,0.00006497116,0.000012134521,0.0008647795,0.0006270853,0.000095670635,0.62137926,0.00000746278,0.004579293,0.35228062,0.0054330854,0.014637053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046366802,0.00018089986,0.000053696396,0.0037008119,0.0004681059,0.000037322177,0.9650355,0.0009260364,0.00090862735,0.0057835095,0.021978637,0.000463199],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021242972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1428681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34649712,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011920888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005309781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87277234},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416035547","doi":"10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.1471","title":"Agent-to-Agent Theory of Mind: Testing Interlocutor Awareness among Large Language Models","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Vector Institute","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","keywords":"Natural language; On Language; Language model; Comprehension; Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.030171092224438596,"score_gpt":0.3143922501280921,"score_spread":0.2842211579036535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416035547","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8843624,0.0014539466,0.017951556,0.00022837159,0.0007795117,0.000625818,0.0000391559,0.000069850175,0.094489366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.949157,0.00002731391,0.0005256623,0.00041843645,0.0001892566,0.000026866406,0.00001049213,0.000012240001,0.049632706],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99726975,0.00047209804,0.00059686066,0.00052022067,0.00047185572,0.00066922593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99864936,0.0002656303,0.00021044609,0.00036291205,0.00031021002,0.00020144302],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013345769,0.00027241503,0.00040165958,0.00015436458,0.0005428535,0.00011947845,0.0006037987,0.00022566585,0.0018745349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061320036,0.00021661098,0.00021265654,0.0012415234,0.00022459585,0.0004991462,0.0003545858,0.00019147321,0.00008047496],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018000048,0.00096294377,0.017623557,0.00046018444,0.0004717325,0.000074234566,0.6442952,0.0009889684,0.016152907,0.13724202,0.0036032517,0.17794499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013894831,0.00027444187,0.012227196,0.0018791413,0.0005132085,0.0000016082963,0.9286292,0.020781666,0.02104904,0.009363085,0.0027196435,0.0011722929],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007434472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005995777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.284334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023093876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030046346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99917513},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416036024","doi":"10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.1057","title":"Distribution Prompting: Understanding the Expressivity of Language Models Through the Next-Token Distributions They Can Produce","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Expressivity; Distribution (mathematics); Language model; Statistical model; Gamma distribution; Probability distribution","score_opus":0.06713235982875414,"score_gpt":0.31943045685134136,"score_spread":0.2522980970225872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416036024","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4067219,0.007311624,0.317136,0.108016245,0.0017451282,0.0057251393,0.0016137478,0.0003369184,0.15139331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99578726,0.0002680233,0.000027711769,0.00016690731,0.0002439394,0.00006758161,0.00015121212,0.000007230413,0.0032801558],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970386,0.000787661,0.0005069667,0.00044853459,0.00061074476,0.0006074905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983832,0.00034842707,0.00035426053,0.0006252822,0.00022962774,0.000059205377],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011521407,0.00026491095,0.00028466558,0.00001665777,0.0034857136,0.00033814972,0.00082886365,0.0001831855,0.00014401223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005327314,0.00013111228,0.00023900956,0.0010191012,0.00102945,0.0008736686,0.0002849636,0.0004175894,0.0000045649017],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003068287,0.00015295255,0.000101739155,0.00006199547,0.00011897091,0.00000124977,0.16527167,0.00053508976,0.0019304974,0.8257108,0.0047588157,0.0013255499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044409576,0.00005384094,0.000941581,0.0003599131,0.00041740565,0.000002367167,0.807169,0.004849017,0.00504393,0.17741261,0.002913175,0.00039305247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022192134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012252437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6482982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078683684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044784934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416036241","doi":"10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.743","title":"The discordance between embedded ethics and cultural inference in large language models","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inference; Semantics (computer science); Natural language; Language model","score_opus":0.037189991584235006,"score_gpt":0.3888402992393538,"score_spread":0.3516503076551188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416036241","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9140206,0.010945182,0.002276592,0.013050688,0.00036340504,0.0005602713,0.000029125951,0.00006003507,0.058694094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97668886,0.0036153924,0.00006783737,0.00052751094,0.00013392756,0.000016456559,0.000008796468,0.0000038287585,0.01893737],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976957,0.0006859329,0.00034858775,0.00034263197,0.00036057588,0.0005665816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983053,0.0011949111,0.00008928701,0.00020654444,0.000120030985,0.00008388425],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016078191,0.00018674937,0.0002318405,0.00003265277,0.0017437784,0.00040784248,0.00040054016,0.0002861969,0.00006568293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012246938,0.00010533279,0.00006396803,0.0007236127,0.0005063159,0.00082268077,0.00023651087,0.00095809565,0.000012399905],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021960288,0.000043731754,0.010053914,0.000054755437,0.000041129628,0.0000058273095,0.46416876,0.000039332248,0.00018001246,0.50571567,0.00046072248,0.01921417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010147772,0.000048437556,0.03167922,0.00042263165,0.00008010112,3.2990184e-7,0.9001485,0.009396757,0.00022569812,0.052606262,0.003843194,0.00053405156],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007812997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.077011846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45310944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000109850465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002509424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416141024","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/9auwv_v1","title":"Why Culture Isn’t Darwinian (and it’s Misleading Even to Say “Not Strictly Darwinian”)","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Darwinism; Natural selection; Selection (genetic algorithm); Darwin (ADL); Natural (archaeology); Cultural transmission in animals; Perspective (graphical); Similarity (geometry); Reproduction","score_opus":0.014810716335214495,"score_gpt":0.31259738002321685,"score_spread":0.2977866636880024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416141024","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.032751214,0.0019248759,0.00092383794,0.200868,0.0022192297,0.0014026243,0.00007444005,0.00022055696,0.75961524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6535433,0.00052474084,0.0006477555,0.07252612,0.00056328776,0.000028185901,0.00001576868,0.00001704829,0.27213383],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964873,0.00033282966,0.0005908363,0.00091102393,0.0007298198,0.0009481454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99856275,0.00013323195,0.0001376917,0.00038772638,0.00026465152,0.00051395735],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065762916,0.00046188282,0.00053180434,0.00016814668,0.0016570418,0.00063487125,0.00066402653,0.0005148102,0.0052251234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059165724,0.00034730398,0.00022654876,0.0017118332,0.00025593324,0.00079314184,0.00030998033,0.00042595403,0.00032832034],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006103897,0.00013148232,0.0007300363,0.00007091951,0.00018891036,0.000017646757,0.12705949,0.000009991469,0.0035608406,0.017302219,0.8165102,0.0343572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064510835,0.00014829279,0.0033525007,0.0002634186,0.00017698627,0.0000020953669,0.097375475,0.000060410486,0.000710422,0.0004977763,0.89617926,0.00058823434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0064275847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011088896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6207921,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003357379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030958815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416176194","doi":"10.1162/opmi.a.253","title":"Linguistic Rule Generalisation Creates the Same Distributional Structure That Feeds It","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Mind","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Focus (optics); Suffix; Preference; Inference; Word (group theory); Bayesian inference; Extension (predicate logic)","score_opus":0.03948151817741217,"score_gpt":0.34908010867783695,"score_spread":0.30959859050042476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416176194","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8271259,0.00034234466,0.00010648236,0.01324823,0.0005115403,0.00039058714,0.00014377647,0.000004652738,0.15812647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801447,0.000010843241,0.00024057034,0.00025672195,0.0002886752,0.0000063969937,0.00018348904,0.0000015447388,0.018867075],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99940836,0.00009364089,0.00007890427,0.00012502493,0.0001630819,0.00013100858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970424,0.000055776654,0.000040350766,0.00009293471,0.0000795324,0.000027163043],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002219592,0.000055833545,0.0000624393,0.000010676992,0.00071945885,0.00032729004,0.00031791264,0.00006117558,0.0046883402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002633558,0.000034261055,0.000028706032,0.00016458124,0.000112427115,0.00014235386,0.0000638999,0.000068544476,0.00005824467],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017720676,0.00019732365,0.055218603,0.000025102072,0.00034365774,0.000024324505,0.27508938,0.00023920934,0.012606767,0.25253543,0.13340852,0.27013445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030151702,0.000012786953,0.03180717,0.00004294542,0.000076202356,0.0000012455271,0.018346807,0.00008492796,0.004205584,0.015958136,0.9289833,0.00017941387],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035736293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0063571194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7955747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009732128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014209704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416213409","doi":"10.17077/2151-2957.33942","title":"Rhetorical Figures, Grammatical Constructions, and Form/Meaning Alliances in Pretrained Language Models","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Poroi","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Rhetorical question; Language model; Natural language; Feature (linguistics); Rhetorical device; Key (lock)","score_opus":0.019370507329522703,"score_gpt":0.3056238287056955,"score_spread":0.28625332137617276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416213409","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61602753,0.03174955,0.003408037,0.0070005115,0.0016551001,0.0012836957,0.000042638403,0.00020123406,0.3386317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933211,0.0011895671,0.000813143,0.00016539451,0.00018369537,0.000020491725,0.000010983099,0.0000055606674,0.004290015],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836105,0.00017247524,0.00039015312,0.00033876885,0.0002945612,0.0004429658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994813,0.00013108434,0.00008466325,0.00012784016,0.000054217067,0.00012085765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042109794,0.00017101978,0.00027716614,0.00007749453,0.00039555278,0.00014667632,0.00017125848,0.00023635964,0.00025705816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027858085,0.00014785443,0.00007013273,0.0005723384,0.0003662138,0.0005761732,0.00006626534,0.00028376025,0.000010416082],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000051246632,0.00010410065,0.002302352,0.00018782978,0.000056678473,0.0000418845,0.09585094,0.0000648614,0.000224769,0.82367176,0.0020670274,0.07537653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003399558,0.00020942382,0.007506226,0.0016907944,0.00029401694,0.000039669867,0.40689334,0.06672873,0.00033400234,0.49959016,0.01195263,0.0013614447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00269735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037901793,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3772936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018380143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016748597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6029329},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416287429","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5731922","title":"How does the semiotic logic of AI work? A recursive dialogue with Microsoft Copilot","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Semiotics; Meaning (existential); Interpretation (philosophy); Generalization; Bridge (graph theory); Dynamics (music)","score_opus":0.0097486460063389,"score_gpt":0.26836018360733943,"score_spread":0.25861153760100053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416287429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5435876,0.12316213,0.024916373,0.2821096,0.0059063146,0.00461638,0.00017114676,0.000319918,0.015210529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731679,0.008742403,0.00007714024,0.00038803398,0.00079801684,0.000016230642,0.00001585196,0.000010087759,0.016784314],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99706846,0.00050668395,0.00023656257,0.00026841956,0.00045037,0.0014694735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987451,0.0001292658,0.0004486192,0.00023656833,0.00037411897,0.00006634274],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015206175,0.00022238352,0.00033529632,0.00006648037,0.000623785,0.00023055614,0.0007872485,0.0002678942,0.000023377595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029792066,0.0001054449,0.00020519586,0.00033984726,0.00039711417,0.0001348187,0.0001403089,0.0037788758,0.0000028425482],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00064039766,0.00025185713,0.0067514,0.00017322578,0.0018438767,0.000027212944,0.049406935,0.00031611588,0.00027081766,0.91023314,0.004272222,0.025812803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006683585,0.00035009766,0.0005623713,0.00085892057,0.00048032717,0.00005644952,0.058726873,0.00000273155,0.00018170777,0.93059504,0.007043677,0.00047344866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021433437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.042047717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4295803,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012453633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0068576094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99877256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416402838","doi":"10.1177/09637214251391158","title":"Metacognition and Uncertainty Communication in Humans and Large Language Models","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Metacognition; Cognition; Language acquisition; Task analysis","score_opus":0.05229831553649199,"score_gpt":0.4509386437313984,"score_spread":0.3986403281949064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416402838","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9592729,0.0053802067,0.00033627602,0.00075393467,0.00021649234,0.00020721875,0.0000034319662,0.00004516697,0.03378435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99671113,0.0029157978,0.00011709307,0.000088687615,0.000012784425,0.00003767939,0.0000035644046,8.09763e-7,0.00011245837],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99907833,0.00017806883,0.00012875568,0.00026720724,0.00013758635,0.0002100708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971,0.00006446515,0.000027024465,0.00011058804,0.00004360262,0.00004431091],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001166318,0.000054822078,0.00007896742,0.00016051723,0.0005597224,0.000076113756,0.00016184889,0.00004987985,0.000027258797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002856227,0.000043309596,0.0000134734955,0.0012925569,0.00063191244,0.00041676982,0.00006469425,0.00017058382,0.0000016996155],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024542553,0.0008122853,0.031140078,0.000017010056,0.000003438326,0.0000023772773,0.038726695,0.00005823576,0.0009745342,0.41398063,0.00035219593,0.51390797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015795563,0.00006274733,0.71631193,0.00040565105,0.000024182153,0.000002216157,0.048592515,0.005203511,0.000047295798,0.20774056,0.019572819,0.00045703826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090431696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0075101396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68517184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010752362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022505425,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4304989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416592793","doi":"10.1038/s43588-025-00937-z","title":"Publisher Correction: On the compatibility of generative AI and generative linguistics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Computational Science","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Generative grammar; Compatibility (geochemistry); Theoretical linguistics; Generative model","score_opus":0.012990366920664718,"score_gpt":0.3446690089765777,"score_spread":0.33167864205591296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416592793","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5207521,0.0016354304,0.03213957,0.10584067,0.02095364,0.0015032728,0.00002394339,0.00015306244,0.31699836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952253,0.0000035830356,0.0010711374,0.0028094712,0.00016856166,0.0000036290528,0.0000041113667,8.901353e-7,0.0007133026],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99900144,0.00012293768,0.000095817224,0.00019599604,0.0004744736,0.000109354725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982344,0.00042136107,0.00005918163,0.00007018049,0.0011784472,0.00003644539],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071789353,0.000055241897,0.00006917075,0.000049209568,0.0010021974,0.000132533,0.00019063352,0.00006860154,0.000024046238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0042005107,0.000034229764,0.00002018817,0.0008861607,0.0010658852,0.00013137951,0.0000405321,0.00023784685,0.0000012914738],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009231508,0.00003437551,0.0022828334,0.000002438096,0.0000069473763,3.0248793e-7,0.004333121,0.0039955955,0.00008212347,0.94613934,0.040012404,0.0031012895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061382755,0.00019367448,0.3151535,0.00014333524,0.000042073818,0.0000014714589,0.0093623465,0.114520706,0.0022018924,0.5012341,0.056063112,0.00046992837],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019560111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044664665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47447324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011082355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045592702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7708193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417006334","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0260","title":"Metanorms generate stable yet adaptable normative social order in a politically decentralized society","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Vector Institute","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Normative; Adaptability; Norm (philosophy); Context (archaeology); Process (computing); Vignette; Order (exchange); Social order; Enforcement","score_opus":0.048909322209075345,"score_gpt":0.31869539412648684,"score_spread":0.2697860719174115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417006334","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7588384,0.001691133,0.02808037,0.15527381,0.0010867579,0.0016672122,0.00017386925,0.0002775002,0.052910924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99541116,0.00026501028,0.0021918043,0.0013366127,0.00008509842,0.00003731893,0.0000029010032,0.0000030756078,0.00066699414],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976012,0.00045315753,0.00040677458,0.00036427754,0.0005148027,0.0006597625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99923855,0.00026316132,0.00010562509,0.00011501859,0.0001804603,0.000097198674],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012932825,0.00017485005,0.00033208966,0.00002115917,0.0021399583,0.00008242631,0.00071886845,0.00032637443,0.00049633824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017498835,0.00009696372,0.00059737515,0.0019270139,0.0028965652,0.00023494472,0.00005565858,0.00040116278,0.000004893719],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019134556,0.0018565598,0.010824795,0.00009966953,0.00055040576,0.000001651937,0.032478992,0.0050370325,0.0044758096,0.933292,0.002884009,0.00830773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034759208,0.0005448375,0.030664938,0.00023155991,0.0003667548,0.0000017307108,0.05144451,0.03237009,0.0035517728,0.86264855,0.013239544,0.0014597739],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031999922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004047638,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23657276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023584192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037709298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417042513","doi":"10.58304/ijts.251126","title":"Investing Across Online and Offline Spaces and the Negotiation of Embodied and Imagined Identities","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of TESOL Studies","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Negotiation; Embodied cognition; Online and offline; Identity (music); Key (lock); Ethnography","score_opus":0.025849277437434093,"score_gpt":0.3963865029590397,"score_spread":0.3705372255216056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417042513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89294064,0.084439784,0.000042183117,0.02113919,0.000825398,0.00010390157,0.000023132046,0.000004023092,0.00048171918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9649115,0.033297528,0.00023940775,0.0003152931,0.00043210454,0.0000012398227,0.0000013198749,0.0000027664291,0.0007987928],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.998598,0.00015077142,0.00058553054,0.0001157765,0.00042414674,0.00012582072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972791,0.0005915694,0.00073875906,0.00003875775,0.0013176432,0.00003418118],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096610887,0.00012246527,0.0003488826,0.00008337303,0.00037684117,0.0002115833,0.0001893629,0.00004266117,0.0000061125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025128343,0.000074236785,0.000067137815,0.00013521101,0.0016869733,0.00054911006,0.00028588,0.00015405877,1.2998542e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016220943,0.0003154721,0.15062453,0.00054133666,0.007655741,0.000054079348,0.66580564,0.000103142665,0.0027827357,0.07654826,0.004506228,0.089440756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008695826,0.0002665405,0.18147524,0.0025008896,0.00084587786,0.00012265157,0.72363096,0.0018402769,0.0006210004,0.07773624,0.0019240476,0.00034043434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007364462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015326628,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.089100316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005921539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006113391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6215723},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W585608567","doi":"","title":"Cultural transmission and material culture : breaking down boundaries","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnography; Indigenous; Cultural transmission in animals; Prehistory; Anthropology; Sociology; Geography; Gender studies; Archaeology; Ecology","score_opus":0.011344367344123793,"score_gpt":0.26763874433470275,"score_spread":0.25629437699057894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W585608567","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0013858536,0.0022190139,0.00001933945,0.0005499441,0.0005420686,0.00027013055,0.000031672134,0.00020646576,0.99477553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00568423,0.002686022,0.0002462734,0.0001848284,0.00163724,0.000005693169,0.00024882524,0.000011260095,0.9892956],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988056,0.00006419471,0.00017730182,0.0002796482,0.00039388242,0.0002793924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995913,0.000009552978,0.00008817559,0.0000799831,0.000103368686,0.00012765004],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000091788184,0.00022353798,0.00024629885,0.000025140698,0.0018447151,0.0005743675,0.00014773424,0.0005544882,0.0014391477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015440588,0.00013977931,0.00009847991,0.000047776794,0.0007725713,0.0004041582,0.000030547573,0.00020989908,0.00003627206],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049250277,0.00001411573,0.0000045734,0.000074758376,0.000050317594,0.000051023315,0.16359925,1.0496401e-7,0.0006253463,0.07934978,0.7076747,0.04850682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012789143,0.000023373736,0.00001564797,0.00009234039,0.000036169204,0.000024006471,0.0030067177,6.2052203e-7,0.000052841093,0.0016898373,0.9946619,0.00026863124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002717682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015506226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28698727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017750784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004208006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6906509126","doi":"10.17613/grm1m-3s426","title":"Digital Identities: Memes and Engagements with Human Remains on Instagram","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Social media; Key (lock); The Internet; Field (mathematics); Digital media; User-generated content; Knowledge production","score_opus":0.027181367336774395,"score_gpt":0.2764641120630767,"score_spread":0.2492827447263023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6906509126","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.48203555,0.00021598572,0.00003143318,0.00017006656,0.00009141326,0.0001033767,0.000012251538,0.0001564409,0.5171835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8729078,0.0000063682014,0.0000028028742,0.000002910182,0.000098861005,6.662564e-7,0.000017046757,0.0000071453896,0.12695637],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992375,0.00010788619,0.00006556776,0.0002175574,0.00016082033,0.00021066448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996191,0.00007266963,0.000019405477,0.000119787706,0.000061712264,0.00010732385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000114879665,0.00010826366,0.00010169353,0.00020113862,0.0009717177,0.0003125012,0.00018518411,0.000063140076,0.000087955545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026510123,0.00009232629,0.000044901382,0.00057098333,0.00029296905,0.00074360106,0.0000825702,0.00017078045,0.000083183535],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003728434,0.00020161159,0.014537958,0.00007400118,0.00014462802,0.00036763417,0.05801603,0.0000015133279,0.00008768273,0.8853993,0.013383182,0.027749188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003424391,0.00015368717,0.0054521584,0.0002098038,0.000049775525,0.0000023021234,0.017993253,0.000005524607,0.000018858658,0.00048929534,0.9750652,0.00021775183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011937788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18344837,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96168196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020694971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000081034785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83145154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6912022072","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15564300","title":"Working with Historical Textual Data: Preliminary Results from Applying Survival Analysis to the Old English Poetic Corpus","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Poetry; Obsolescence; Syllable; Vocabulary; Stress (linguistics); Lexical analysis; Linguistic analysis","score_opus":0.062348993304981525,"score_gpt":0.27527324450295754,"score_spread":0.212924251197976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6912022072","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08808984,0.0011993019,0.03247908,0.020130903,0.0017082847,0.00309998,0.0011869888,0.0028594732,0.84924614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98699635,0.000050472925,0.00022513572,0.00021450789,0.00053285906,1.4400524e-7,0.002312916,0.00014958711,0.009518044],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979678,0.0005645746,0.0002008189,0.00046257276,0.00051145785,0.00029280334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99867976,0.0001119494,0.00008041625,0.000612793,0.00039748993,0.000117607684],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010011004,0.000095300515,0.00013679852,0.00014120968,0.0032916053,0.0006878399,0.0014485433,0.000055319284,0.00076487474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020746277,0.00007067525,0.000038194117,0.002111972,0.00011154921,0.00022198811,0.0010069078,0.00021763821,0.0003919127],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014403944,0.0002456134,0.00017765163,0.000013512143,0.0007467527,0.0000423151,0.10857865,0.0009943672,0.00032557256,0.013663493,0.59228545,0.28148624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002558874,0.000076750504,0.0015436922,0.000022512566,0.00014661145,6.591018e-7,0.010961055,0.0002455701,0.0000066451207,0.000025413729,0.98661023,0.000104957944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003404323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041248297,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89890647,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043975344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011221273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6912580048","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3972830","title":"Rethinking complexity","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Recursion (computer science); Computational complexity theory; Syntax; Recursive functions; Complexity class; Time complexity","score_opus":0.13530972552590428,"score_gpt":0.29791548771601517,"score_spread":0.1626057621901109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6912580048","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.043398492,0.00013057573,0.0031405492,0.0234426,0.00012175626,0.0004376135,0.00006414738,0.0021213496,0.9271429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970645,0.00004012315,0.0003188045,0.0009704118,0.00041456867,4.3686144e-9,0.00032751053,0.00025273426,0.00061140006],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987849,0.0003553643,0.0001052847,0.00020016897,0.00032487148,0.00022940816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938565,0.000009570693,0.00004688665,0.00011149566,0.00026689118,0.00017951804],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003712952,0.00005661705,0.000068591624,0.000026499221,0.0037504334,0.00048199628,0.0005605194,0.00004474762,0.019600602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009105283,0.000055693512,0.000033916895,0.0003962524,0.00022461232,0.0002579046,0.0003332576,0.00016692831,0.006328404],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005723834,0.00006403679,0.0000065397517,0.0000408162,0.000030445348,0.00002139389,0.20053743,0.000015946462,0.0066669607,0.2226184,0.44767746,0.12226333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013273784,0.00004903353,0.00016763774,0.0000068827526,0.0000045303077,0.000003822114,0.0037322303,0.00010224687,0.00008963487,0.0018058483,0.9938228,0.00008259741],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015204948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000044487474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.953666,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009228324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000033078745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99754655},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6921289667","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.28253795","title":"Supplementary materials for the article \"Projected speaker numbers and dormancy risks of Canada’s Indigenous languages\" published in <i>Royal Society Open Science</i>.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Census; Dormancy; Population; Vitality; Diversity (politics); Linguistic diversity","score_opus":0.03069078897983952,"score_gpt":0.3410776177534695,"score_spread":0.31038682877363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6921289667","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8440675,0.0005615173,7.638087e-7,0.0033628184,0.0002221376,0.003192998,0.12872398,0.000027729177,0.019840537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944645,0.000005116883,0.00005376817,0.0005621603,0.000052038613,0.00014503508,0.0037418671,0.0000031810866,0.00097228953],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914324,0.000039233302,0.00014557721,0.00015524877,0.00024147182,0.0002752105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995616,0.000079942896,0.000064443535,0.00010835552,0.0001485613,0.00003709248],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004862294,0.000057769255,0.0000969643,0.000017093676,0.00051672664,0.00023712101,0.0004941991,0.000036559126,0.024446309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005828272,0.000039185186,0.00001959524,0.00037597693,0.000052569987,0.00026017815,0.00020260033,0.000049152437,0.0000013196549],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025500625,0.00002996432,0.0025244,0.000078695026,0.000026414904,0.0000024119533,0.028211594,0.00000518004,0.0011318076,0.00021623772,0.9654469,0.0023009265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027031908,0.00006655821,0.30437255,0.00073787145,0.00006105613,0.0000014566178,0.18328281,0.00015463238,0.033683058,0.00033034952,0.47410488,0.0005015844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8319972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.91926956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.491342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000215801,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018736204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9764455},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6925037821","doi":"10.1594/pangaea.965380","title":"Sand size fraction of sediment core MSM12/2-05-01","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Publishing Network for Geoscientific and Environmental Data (PANGAEA) (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Diafiltration; Liquation; Dysgeusia; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Fusible alloy","score_opus":0.07333049258305367,"score_gpt":0.3300405171483907,"score_spread":0.25671002456533704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6925037821","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0020573398,0.002665289,0.0002454526,0.0006040498,0.0013422634,0.0014568882,0.99137235,0.00002851229,0.0002278777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0016741778,0.0058375983,0.0012373277,0.00013129009,0.0016946145,0.00006378982,0.98713183,0.000024317003,0.002205044],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961726,0.0001884643,0.0004987803,0.001029619,0.0011041708,0.0010063838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980155,0.00031095717,0.00030696037,0.00086800026,0.0000795897,0.00041895857],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036751695,0.00033987314,0.00047513656,0.00017437604,0.0025385383,0.0010610255,0.001138676,0.0004900535,0.00021629075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009116822,0.00030207855,0.00013195853,0.00036526224,0.0012950614,0.002605047,0.001131156,0.0005782905,0.0000048366687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013167442,0.00016011747,0.000096355565,0.00015483893,0.000095929885,0.0000034929406,0.00019388594,0.000013754231,0.000114125454,0.00032963956,0.979105,0.019601164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006589676,0.00017057263,0.00059578806,0.00007978555,0.00017539694,0.0000062955046,0.0009733439,0.00016057208,0.000016668833,0.0011977385,0.995624,0.00034084244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7248286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.38107455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.34375408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026336484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018051399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6930893667","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.14838299","title":"tardis-sn/tardis: TARDIS v2025.02.09","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sequence (biology); Control theory (sociology); Action (physics); Component (thermodynamics)","score_opus":0.02201711119374232,"score_gpt":0.27373012773568484,"score_spread":0.2517130165419425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6930893667","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000028184864,0.0008411532,0.0006392726,0.0012827113,0.00043077755,0.00064939936,0.000591017,0.0018829617,0.99365455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0037822223,0.00096139614,0.0001771455,0.00030533446,0.0014301653,1.472705e-7,0.0030053563,0.0029319883,0.98740625],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971839,0.00067105715,0.00025298345,0.00059594744,0.0007267983,0.00056931184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99863786,0.0000190499,0.00017576068,0.0005242569,0.00040965748,0.00023339094],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005759157,0.0002552481,0.00029740302,0.00029461016,0.002817992,0.0008248028,0.0013519828,0.00030935262,0.18426462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000802286,0.00024729947,0.00016680149,0.00077460153,0.0003506593,0.00020168468,0.00084194005,0.00040641899,0.02534126],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013550295,0.000047784408,8.0834377e-7,0.000060407194,0.000094061514,0.000015296546,0.003011128,0.0000023976306,0.000057458205,0.010528089,0.9277348,0.058434248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024948874,0.00004463488,0.00004643114,0.00013319624,0.000054316955,0.000004824161,0.002420685,0.000005751741,0.000013310172,0.00025251714,0.99648005,0.0002948175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025029622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000119063814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15892336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035330222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028915836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999979},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6930953030","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.220987","title":"Joint statistical inference of clonal populations from single cell and bulk tumour sequencing data","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Jaccard index; Cluster analysis; Inference; Statistical model; Data set; Population; Mutation; Statistical inference; Set (abstract data type)","score_opus":0.12819463584629656,"score_gpt":0.31979550333129475,"score_spread":0.1916008674849982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6930953030","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00088330795,0.0003793756,0.011227953,0.0003641681,0.00013325224,0.000352998,0.006067277,0.00042221186,0.9801695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6328506,0.0011796182,0.011244448,0.00016024888,0.002337339,9.5021775e-8,0.03622046,0.005353696,0.3106535],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986652,0.00029409854,0.00017510823,0.00031576474,0.00035121702,0.00019857755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992274,0.00002960491,0.00015998268,0.0002970969,0.00016673819,0.00011918631],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026443525,0.000097455406,0.00013911874,0.00008924925,0.00073066656,0.00022491474,0.000578187,0.000097796044,0.050961927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00079268706,0.00008364205,0.000015853599,0.00012605448,0.0002854122,0.00016521887,0.0007189109,0.00012776101,0.0014952655],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011533384,0.00006724715,0.0000058475275,0.000061757666,0.000027752109,0.000009890598,0.0032992663,0.0000011452198,0.013560889,0.017806131,0.93147117,0.033677388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016327933,0.000038767754,0.0001577294,0.00010731228,0.000023346658,0.0000023855061,0.00083556346,0.000046964054,0.0000726652,0.0007077065,0.9977059,0.00013843145],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030915234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011561621,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6695159,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001211764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015671507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992822},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6931237065","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.5040311","title":"Chaining algorithms and historical adjective extension","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Adjective; Noun; Extension (predicate logic); Categorization; Axiom; Chaining; Set (abstract data type); Natural language; Context (archaeology); Lexicon","score_opus":0.057143043088486084,"score_gpt":0.27821592951985097,"score_spread":0.22107288643136488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6931237065","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17103113,0.0037835327,0.008418698,0.01262551,0.00080540346,0.0007180545,0.000065070366,0.00219301,0.8003596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98785,0.0004910798,0.00064470706,0.00026898165,0.0005242776,2.5574737e-8,0.00028427795,0.00034764534,0.009588989],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886376,0.0003376216,0.000090759066,0.00024447104,0.00025851835,0.00020489494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921304,0.000016667402,0.000036578273,0.000116473406,0.0004941374,0.00012310944],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036363746,0.00005563987,0.00007422157,0.00004357409,0.002848853,0.00029036636,0.00016663669,0.000050671362,0.0037426557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009985353,0.00005476867,0.000024212512,0.0003420814,0.000095089636,0.00020938886,0.0002976382,0.00012876863,0.0005814468],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040516905,0.00013906439,0.000009345087,0.00002430085,0.0000350397,0.0001175068,0.06326819,0.00000871403,0.012221475,0.027412131,0.15783207,0.73889166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020424751,0.00004878659,0.0006123963,0.000013209449,0.0000069192806,0.000042566193,0.007061038,0.00008750668,0.00013940934,0.00028638332,0.99141014,0.00008741231],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020764155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005698367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83357805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034178107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000060327698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984493},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6931736121","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.7541517","title":"tudo-astroparticlephysics/PROPOSAL: v6.1.8","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Natural (archaeology); Point (geometry); Product (mathematics)","score_opus":0.03299006260099446,"score_gpt":0.28126789259573637,"score_spread":0.2482778299947419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6931736121","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00012557022,0.00013032267,0.00028338,0.0008933449,0.00025706904,0.00043564857,0.00014454915,0.005518488,0.99221164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.022298481,0.00066578336,0.0002443433,0.00014756115,0.0024944453,1.1790888e-7,0.0012552334,0.017123668,0.9557704],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982388,0.0003668673,0.00014041831,0.0003451974,0.00048831804,0.00042041022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920803,0.000011238497,0.00011114107,0.00029492803,0.00020544873,0.00016920015],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003727088,0.00013808461,0.00014309192,0.00013202449,0.0019115194,0.0005527207,0.0007503983,0.00013451981,0.04341653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004233994,0.00013349298,0.0000669013,0.0005958054,0.00027156438,0.0001531375,0.00042072812,0.00022394604,0.049239658],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057375055,0.00003606787,5.371968e-7,0.000015007331,0.000030244464,0.000010945548,0.002637309,0.0000010220525,0.00025602663,0.01469904,0.9171443,0.06516375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014877146,0.000046189063,0.00003538851,0.000050783274,0.000017228762,0.0000031855204,0.0018440788,0.000008372145,0.000028572229,0.00021775348,0.99743354,0.00016611443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010798954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009475309,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.080289245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018900611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008768212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99938786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6948792675","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.12608376","title":"( +256751735278) ACTIVE DEATH REVENGE SPELLS CASTER IN CANADA, NEW HAMPSHIRE.","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Hyporeflexia; Liquation; Ferroresonance in electricity networks; Pretext; Subpoena","score_opus":0.0395283248107498,"score_gpt":0.26884878733904166,"score_spread":0.22932046252829186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6948792675","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000850983,0.0008296834,0.000028753791,0.0010193363,0.00028471448,0.00044908776,0.00024153815,0.00017201374,0.99688977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0044720853,0.00035150017,0.0000514172,0.00016304613,0.0008071765,1.2808159e-8,0.000309164,0.0024582876,0.9913873],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99816275,0.00033967968,0.00017302303,0.00041212764,0.0004970963,0.00041529967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932504,0.000010610178,0.00009562972,0.00025199988,0.00010136325,0.00021538833],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023832971,0.00016675043,0.00018299835,0.00018726809,0.00033851538,0.00038137045,0.0006638666,0.00014807214,0.21170555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022972045,0.00016041611,0.000046808847,0.0004899063,0.00007316531,0.00013075657,0.0003557484,0.00038820747,0.07674593],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009674433,0.000013499772,8.253941e-7,0.000037804777,0.00002700927,0.00007160456,0.0052718185,8.678592e-7,0.00001746528,0.0034641349,0.96654195,0.024543358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001465685,0.000022700166,0.000045840614,0.0001773147,0.000015643269,0.000009724605,0.0033174816,0.0000037221203,0.000009446428,0.00035199622,0.9957023,0.00019722899],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.68604195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.46532556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2207164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012903704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011443876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9239729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6961939584","doi":"10.15203/atem_2024_1.16","title":"Jean Nicolas De Surmont : « Entretien avec Bruno ROY autourdu livre Pouvoir chanter. » Québec, juin 1991. Radio Basse-Ville,96,1, fm.","year":2024,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"innsbruck university press","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Power (physics); Identity (music); Relation (database)","score_opus":0.010150716709337678,"score_gpt":0.22359217576771695,"score_spread":0.21344145905837927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6961939584","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5046,0.14119767,0.0014978352,0.18273354,0.015504338,0.0023288636,0.0006690102,0.002224345,0.14924444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4181297,0.004533272,0.00018593235,0.00031141972,0.001534751,0.0000017530458,0.000054922624,0.000038353024,0.5752099],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99662787,0.0007731368,0.00029259236,0.00072978705,0.0005870886,0.000989507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985212,0.00034498345,0.00014595166,0.00036932327,0.00016531878,0.00045322385],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046648536,0.00040151688,0.00040104537,0.00014751223,0.00069040334,0.00029300762,0.000887583,0.0005217802,0.0028046232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013412586,0.00041569272,0.00039849535,0.0007088174,0.0005541412,0.0012502524,0.00034805376,0.0006397912,0.00033874458],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024747092,0.00054669305,0.0014595276,0.0004888375,0.00077387627,0.0033420722,0.28951415,0.00051502115,0.0010176591,0.06524389,0.6009164,0.035934433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005049942,0.00012454679,0.0009350029,0.00042688794,0.0002991568,0.000023250828,0.017774047,0.0043841535,0.00019944596,0.00013791955,0.97463185,0.00055875647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.34162274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14058988,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42596546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021522504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005928343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6977436374","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.21185169.v1","title":"Additional file 2 of Incidental finding of elevated pulmonary arterial pressures during liver transplantation and postoperative pulmonary complications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Liver transplantation; Complication; Transplantation; Pulmonary artery; Blood pressure; Lung","score_opus":0.021222605319464086,"score_gpt":0.2537197575052898,"score_spread":0.23249715218582573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6977436374","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.035182435,0.00006059718,4.5707697e-8,0.00002146864,0.00000959031,0.00014699137,0.961099,0.000014849719,0.0034650192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5091964,0.0000024967837,0.000016312946,0.00000876147,0.000028212085,0.00021415888,0.49029493,0.0000020473767,0.00023670342],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999442,0.000085627566,0.00010623424,0.00009729836,0.00019304319,0.00007581015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995878,0.00018734921,0.000095468786,0.000036900055,0.00006861123,0.000023908353],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000017033708,0.00004396938,0.0000615513,0.000031434054,0.00044637383,0.000009351819,0.000078047546,0.000025720306,0.95010096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014790783,0.000045080254,0.000027137943,0.00011628326,0.000023352975,0.00019451667,0.000037215883,0.000057482037,0.000019995967],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092505936,0.000117675714,0.000028656186,0.0001504782,0.000023298855,0.000053313674,0.014043133,0.00004654627,0.014151603,0.000079882135,0.97040105,0.0008118683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005867903,0.0001449937,0.7164953,0.0018603163,0.00005070961,0.0002647124,0.025735673,0.0010212493,0.0038730253,0.00017567948,0.24925056,0.00054101023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001610764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000091872396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.950081,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003258304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049981245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34331918},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6979305193","doi":"","title":"Reply to \"Emergent LLM behaviors are observationally equivalent to data leakage\"","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dynamics (music); Unintended consequences; Social dynamics; Action (physics); Data collection","score_opus":0.15249873230633768,"score_gpt":0.39348633104348063,"score_spread":0.24098759873714296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6979305193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9510745,0.00016003072,0.00022696418,0.043018725,0.00067795254,0.0003712811,0.000038714807,0.0000991672,0.0043326984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9569113,0.00003436523,0.00035218275,0.012888763,0.00031716566,0.000041840707,0.00010414552,0.000007380447,0.029342808],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986197,0.000077556455,0.00022456009,0.00041288216,0.00036369826,0.00030163024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990192,0.00002907211,0.00005733501,0.0005614062,0.00017198367,0.00016101914],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043041777,0.00010219493,0.000120067634,0.000050823208,0.0004341574,0.000048986974,0.00070891046,0.000057364134,0.00061835325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006426037,0.000090939284,0.000046235484,0.0006274341,0.00003672818,0.00031472565,0.00036565174,0.00008628876,0.0005176387],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002200418,0.00014722558,0.6323829,0.000012680562,0.00002976183,0.000014068088,0.0071951468,0.000037348545,0.004503098,0.0029253191,0.34919488,0.0035355594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000070622125,0.000021529793,0.6066902,0.00004019895,0.000022871012,1.0298888e-7,0.003994032,0.0000042025804,0.00022851498,0.000051880594,0.38876337,0.00011242735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057383566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008914328,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.039568495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017277685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014180422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8674717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6980367612","doi":"","title":"Canadian Student Scientist Wins Prestigious Award at International Competition - NYSE (NYSE0001) News","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Work (physics)","score_opus":0.014715265035506856,"score_gpt":0.31400676710955805,"score_spread":0.2992915020740512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6980367612","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00039933572,0.00035597105,0.0000092289665,0.0025791214,0.0028026213,0.00034890784,0.00018461667,0.0001740777,0.9931461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005612278,0.00014321905,0.00010248886,0.0005281738,0.0015310298,0.0000141006185,0.00061844,0.000052366744,0.9913979],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984356,0.000084360436,0.00013349627,0.00028762213,0.0007421329,0.00031674423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919504,0.0000070887572,0.00009837281,0.00015629704,0.00012284635,0.0004203508],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000189815,0.00014550753,0.00014297306,0.0001636813,0.0003059164,0.00018521036,0.00045648607,0.00029883604,0.02474736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050449366,0.00012103526,0.000056834997,0.00017103046,0.00017262134,0.00010742263,0.0000730752,0.00012774799,0.0019211998],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000014935055,0.000018698405,0.00082119904,0.0000026698217,0.000027339927,0.000019624958,0.00244727,0.0000014128091,0.0000033576944,0.0057765767,0.9905486,0.00033174205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000167892,0.00001057333,0.0003375475,0.00004166728,0.000017753222,0.0000023055857,0.0024010863,0.0000030765323,6.709711e-7,0.0001035448,0.99673355,0.00018036542],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9044747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9974962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.093021505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020024222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000756153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99885595},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6988444980","doi":"","title":"حثلثحلثچلثچ۸۲۲۸۲۷۲لخچثلخچثلخچثلث","year":2022,"lang":"ar","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Brother; Islam; State (computer science); Supporter; Hinduism","score_opus":0.006238092946345326,"score_gpt":0.19859537228333873,"score_spread":0.1923572793369934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6988444980","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003855468,0.0013405059,4.7090637e-8,0.0007149136,0.001059292,0.00082196674,0.00024604457,0.00021153549,0.9952201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0043822834,0.0011335919,0.0001996197,0.0007529973,0.00068258884,0.000045768655,0.00041895924,0.000094833085,0.99228936],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99587816,0.0004896704,0.0010834216,0.00042341228,0.0013885462,0.00073679484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997553,0.00017525577,0.0011580128,0.00053809956,0.00028868855,0.0002869308],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007675735,0.0005623056,0.0006897201,0.00009728914,0.0007514883,0.00014530106,0.0009331987,0.0006565689,0.9766399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033301202,0.0005428644,0.00047953785,0.000035632598,0.0004785232,6.3444253e-7,0.00029643878,0.0006926762,0.14524283],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010707268,0.00008137891,0.000006055375,0.00027846106,0.000118462245,0.00003484855,0.007035126,0.00019083248,5.338835e-7,0.00040447028,0.9888111,0.0029316572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000607555,0.00027655912,0.00001603743,0.00013195595,0.0001487948,0.000038277936,0.011407007,0.000009612303,0.0000026473567,0.0000352922,0.9866759,0.00065033237],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.037180487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009931228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8313971,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039529643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015019962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6992071676","doi":"","title":"Investigating the Harmonic Syntax of Rock Music: A Corpus Study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music Media and Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Syntax; Harmonic; Interpolation (computer graphics); Natural language; Grammar","score_opus":0.03046057233614225,"score_gpt":0.2870744202410488,"score_spread":0.25661384790490654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6992071676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93120146,0.0014217915,2.0183366e-8,0.000052136154,0.0018220377,0.0012915189,0.00019614966,0.00024140521,0.063773476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97752637,0.00014076117,0.00003361944,0.00015534504,0.0001806501,0.00017828126,0.00018902161,0.00008601618,0.021509953],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9955019,0.0009197136,0.00080263853,0.00077599054,0.0013839484,0.0006158254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978512,0.00028052338,0.0006489124,0.00052528305,0.00046692835,0.00022715708],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001714032,0.00049152056,0.00056213996,0.00016857861,0.0024922832,0.00019201913,0.00097572175,0.00052584056,0.00032290324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017730425,0.00036185366,0.00037133624,0.001192651,0.00012062467,0.0005867392,0.00014454307,0.0014900339,0.0003586979],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023260433,0.0014743482,0.00054391805,0.0018818288,0.0023262065,0.00033007504,0.037994504,0.0001343871,0.11560123,0.44451976,0.0004067002,0.39455444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022880523,0.0011913736,0.010180975,0.0043514664,0.004167077,0.00003549781,0.64516884,0.00012520247,0.038363684,0.12134307,0.16851336,0.0042713895],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01441096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.067522116,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60717434,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006249908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020268181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7001722146","doi":"","title":"L'Éducation au Canada : revue statistique pour -- = Education in Canada : a Statistical Review for -- /","year":2015,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Statistical analysis; Agency (philosophy); Work (physics); Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.011664559285028154,"score_gpt":0.26446197541518646,"score_spread":0.2527974161301583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7001722146","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.015090319,0.09330146,0.0013683627,0.1752919,0.0021248856,0.0039437786,0.005351792,0.00005582872,0.70347166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.103311345,0.00744237,0.0024983431,0.008895223,0.0019820838,0.0010119557,0.0010320969,0.0001794421,0.87364715],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961772,0.0006233887,0.0008147016,0.0006417514,0.0011990303,0.000543935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927286,0.0056514586,0.00070732035,0.00027647804,0.00024464034,0.00039152638],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058482843,0.00045838545,0.0005821609,0.00022140188,0.00024106391,0.000083872364,0.000575777,0.000102088605,0.011161853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00902531,0.0004594108,0.00009268181,0.0007437685,0.00018096296,0.00031072088,0.00008951571,0.00033968457,0.00006788538],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003623092,0.00017446226,0.008862081,0.0015152247,0.00007107523,0.000010030659,0.004249095,0.000037658654,0.000008010522,0.045384806,0.93389314,0.0057581984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039432722,0.00003809652,0.062836796,0.0024690316,0.00010831578,0.000010702955,0.002145026,0.00019876985,0.0000028947115,0.00071783474,0.93053716,0.00054104003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74316794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.11641062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.85957855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997858},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7001948029","doi":"","title":"Listaamattomien osakkeiden hinnanmuodostus","year":2024,"lang":"fi","type":"other","venue":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Consequentialism; Class (philosophy); World class; Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.013727765399511819,"score_gpt":0.24449270764091952,"score_spread":0.2307649422414077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7001948029","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015747431,0.004635378,0.00003065361,0.0026518714,0.0025404454,0.00063675817,0.00015608361,0.0005518524,0.9872222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.014332319,0.0029407085,0.00011635189,0.00035552753,0.0019470985,0.000001446145,0.00007972008,0.00020840178,0.98001844],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963577,0.00043336712,0.0003236223,0.0010993744,0.0008029009,0.0009830616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998325,0.00007987149,0.00032776222,0.00057638896,0.00020808601,0.00048291756],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036887766,0.00060575706,0.00063365756,0.0006775939,0.00059613603,0.0004780501,0.001271341,0.0009875796,0.026607163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011641195,0.00059748074,0.0005095948,0.002002327,0.0005861767,0.0008844377,0.000477171,0.00080029096,0.047164764],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006956893,0.00011926795,0.0000967237,0.00034942068,0.0004855085,0.0017199642,0.022225915,0.0000023519162,0.00011360463,0.15009081,0.8155383,0.009188546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000403024,0.00008360544,0.00008856685,0.00053595146,0.00048168798,0.000008755393,0.018075531,0.000009001721,0.000015331714,0.0008398008,0.97868824,0.0007704858],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019513374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013477249,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16314995,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001189401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055533694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7005457725","doi":"","title":"Policy-making and the New Modes of Governance in the European Neighborhood Policy. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol 8, No. 8, May 2008","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Archive of European Integration (AEI) (University of Pittsburgh)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia; European University Institute; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena","keywords":"Nucleofection; TSG101; Hyporeflexia; Proteogenomics; Gestational period; Liquation; Pretext; Diafiltration","score_opus":0.007689028441609945,"score_gpt":0.22126889136006386,"score_spread":0.2135798629184539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7005457725","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004691869,0.00070180994,0.0014400688,0.0028077655,0.000085947344,0.00044031447,0.000060925722,0.0000529135,0.99394107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8403404,0.009859387,0.00051773194,0.00032352135,0.00142627,4.9563243e-7,0.00003588017,0.00012854722,0.14736782],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99722946,0.0015837322,0.000267738,0.00027785965,0.00040353223,0.0002377013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986058,0.00014760997,0.0006708936,0.0003511998,0.00016172968,0.00006277909],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005714277,0.00022791717,0.00035428855,0.0002099047,0.00032598333,0.000027589085,0.00084444805,0.00006510395,0.0003183818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00067879976,0.00016132327,0.00017856274,0.00039421662,0.0015310852,0.00032718,0.0001781436,0.0002782698,0.000022336206],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020585132,0.000098147284,0.00020816016,0.00006178764,0.00013395408,0.00003647284,0.15174493,0.000042911248,0.0008589185,0.524434,0.30492398,0.017250879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003391632,0.00035786227,0.03961712,0.0020945806,0.00020282286,0.0000139809845,0.082589634,0.00012303877,0.000021855749,0.029246254,0.8414352,0.0009060426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07601303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.035804376,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84657323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049854792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018468466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9817897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7006043432","doi":"","title":"Sonobojs9jw9j2ojonononsonsرسالة مجاهد 5","year":2022,"lang":"ar","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Islam; Brother; State (computer science); Supporter","score_opus":0.00657585955928636,"score_gpt":0.2003400160836517,"score_spread":0.19376415652436535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7006043432","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00040113696,0.0011982296,8.260411e-8,0.00077420234,0.00089403027,0.00077239063,0.00023296103,0.00018406763,0.9955429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0034973202,0.0010475481,0.00031416427,0.0006460885,0.00060350244,0.00004797303,0.0003535327,0.00008192743,0.99340796],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99641967,0.0004549985,0.00097461697,0.0003930634,0.0010698088,0.0006878603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997773,0.00017108016,0.0010587772,0.0004941649,0.00023554302,0.00026744104],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007429709,0.0005129854,0.0006307693,0.000089669404,0.000768345,0.00014917256,0.0008365107,0.0006044023,0.97052056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027982768,0.0004996948,0.00044210462,0.000030929878,0.00043389792,6.4531673e-7,0.00026840827,0.0006508162,0.13307214],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001016879,0.0000749337,0.000005394443,0.00021087837,0.00010458934,0.000025661153,0.0068529784,0.0002062029,4.690111e-7,0.0003284946,0.9888445,0.0032441812],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005639756,0.00023781686,0.0000140781785,0.00011372896,0.00013587056,0.0000355328,0.013083883,0.000012406355,0.0000027609062,0.000025072499,0.9851762,0.00059868407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03672996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010065017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8374484,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037391315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016117608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997455},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7010971729","doi":"","title":"The Legacy of The Kids in the Hall (Sweater Weather ep21)","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Narrative; Indigenous; Shot (pellet); Colonialism; Front (military)","score_opus":0.0057700662650284505,"score_gpt":0.20227721268814253,"score_spread":0.19650714642311407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7010971729","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00024528138,0.000654554,2.1511521e-8,0.002063154,0.00028818237,0.00051965,0.000025165322,0.000029697265,0.9961743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0124043645,0.00031913558,0.0000151202785,0.00047418216,0.00016630816,0.000028082535,0.000018044731,0.00002712096,0.98654765],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818486,0.0004369232,0.00037117762,0.00010092775,0.0006667916,0.00023931368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900496,0.00015000338,0.00040202294,0.0003532761,0.00006307883,0.000026649577],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007504788,0.00015191648,0.00017267327,0.000021491202,0.00036378053,0.000079025136,0.00088039663,0.00017477789,0.27677795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017606874,0.00007410108,0.00016388878,0.000023204026,0.00035162288,4.878568e-7,0.00010206806,0.00029360582,0.0007986959],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016189817,0.000017994813,0.000011821888,0.00003100574,0.000017489232,0.000002171806,0.0073600276,0.0000248612,1.5038812e-7,0.0007355587,0.99062616,0.0011565936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001600746,0.000027262733,0.00006256102,0.000046864432,0.000022156828,0.000005936142,0.011880061,0.0000013002475,0.0000011175139,0.00004449907,0.9876413,0.00010687134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.049462855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05801264,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.27597925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007071496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056063935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7016400851","doi":"","title":"What are the key determinants to fostering equity within COVID-19 vaccination deployment initiatives in Nigeria/Canada? A Scoping Review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Software deployment; Equity (law); Key (lock); Vaccination","score_opus":0.055574415426389856,"score_gpt":0.3782499698139507,"score_spread":0.32267555438756085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7016400851","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0019000373,0.0019414164,0.00014850858,0.0061801104,0.0021378451,0.0068016443,0.00003258806,0.00030896772,0.98054886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.030309787,0.024822408,0.00017353214,0.006441631,0.00047197723,0.0016175851,0.000022958544,0.00026311324,0.935877],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99535125,0.0013000262,0.00063499506,0.0014549446,0.00077792373,0.00048086574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99762404,0.00022144667,0.00052838906,0.0012554219,0.00007562798,0.0002950593],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005603008,0.00033723822,0.00054441806,0.00014034219,0.00027022272,0.00039748778,0.001083611,0.0002441511,0.13295762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0057760845,0.0002785248,0.000120376964,0.0004641326,0.000076619166,0.0004402037,0.0019566913,0.00040814164,0.06417471],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011775159,0.0002601115,0.0067854472,0.029303463,0.00035444836,0.0005914562,0.19315554,0.00031628844,0.00014451408,0.0011438469,0.6781153,0.08971183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088425766,0.0000049231844,0.003538092,0.25206172,0.0003111841,0.00003723243,0.053600926,0.00005065992,0.00046994546,0.0033066378,0.68341815,0.002316269],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14250016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.94037336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7978732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018036664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015657869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7018088131","doi":"","title":"Crop yield impacts from rotations in Manitoba","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Agriculture; Yield (engineering); Monoculture; Crop yield; Crop rotation; Crop","score_opus":0.020821085638265596,"score_gpt":0.24343255312535186,"score_spread":0.22261146748708627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7018088131","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9639259,0.00075637794,0.000015799795,0.0006687309,0.00046227349,0.0002259013,0.00004899305,0.000043824297,0.033852182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896095,0.00070968794,0.00032352822,0.000036907546,0.00022225015,7.116135e-7,0.0010154807,0.000013940169,0.008067985],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988431,0.00013634496,0.00010369086,0.00027449836,0.00039394636,0.00024843938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992377,0.000080685975,0.00020357022,0.0001749407,0.00020958512,0.00009348554],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000109088156,0.00014263175,0.00025993199,0.00013763791,0.0004093699,0.000049415456,0.00031688978,0.00035922302,0.00033462298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001485987,0.00018221795,0.00014150886,0.00042697124,0.00007909355,0.00036809215,0.00003371121,0.00027359606,0.00008625812],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00084518624,0.0012827404,0.2792553,0.00076984556,0.0009109983,0.0022129002,0.5207457,0.00021037135,0.02565847,0.013336644,0.121712856,0.033058997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019796366,0.000015147183,0.32539374,0.00025833718,0.00006791088,2.115225e-7,0.6695902,0.000008816521,0.00011378299,0.00022857761,0.003941965,0.0001833559],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5096966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9989305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4892339,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033817408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003104128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7430632},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7018581092","doi":"","title":"The (in)efficiency of within-language variation in online communities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Domain (mathematical analysis); Social media; Online community; Computer-mediated communication","score_opus":0.014517016427201221,"score_gpt":0.257147632811595,"score_spread":0.24263061638439376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7018581092","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9812429,0.0027588222,0.000016926659,0.001081988,0.00016208025,0.00018007941,0.00031042943,0.00012106767,0.014125708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982939,0.00010102977,0.000051890493,0.00008782607,0.000096308075,0.000007779975,0.00014550748,0.000013105525,0.0012026945],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879175,0.00020761011,0.00033256336,0.0001225529,0.00029713102,0.00024838225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942106,0.00029809034,0.00005742745,0.00015284262,0.000019013618,0.000051577983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005039491,0.000098424156,0.000112682144,0.00010898741,0.00018074995,0.0007350431,0.00037526246,0.00008784195,0.00010318197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027016623,0.000066429435,0.0000611311,0.00083069666,0.00018581343,0.0022754238,0.000076629374,0.00033609662,0.00009743924],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003079809,0.001384686,0.17429268,0.0003234135,0.000090567744,0.00026072958,0.42497534,0.0002937624,0.0019837876,0.32038507,0.0019618259,0.07374016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021162636,0.00040706352,0.22550154,0.0024184384,0.00006277476,0.000018076014,0.40078533,0.008688089,0.0019602734,0.12101224,0.23510055,0.0019293564],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090407167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031141357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23313873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005938366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016002107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7088037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7019168869","doi":"","title":"Fiddle music in the Ottawa Valley: Dawson Girdwood","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Diafiltration; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Durvalumab","score_opus":0.0356021586783297,"score_gpt":0.24375499454114885,"score_spread":0.20815283586281916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7019168869","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13691893,0.000005663605,0.000065699285,0.0044725644,0.0001087686,0.0004978554,0.000007547837,0.00014105657,0.8577819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911543,0.0069298325,0.00010089537,0.0013112646,0.0003856802,0.0000019555548,0.000010866474,0.000007639525,0.000097545824],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986309,0.00039993448,0.000097962315,0.0002565582,0.00030424452,0.0003104265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995962,0.0000743275,0.000060505685,0.00014619528,0.00005178536,0.00007101464],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025496245,0.000113040594,0.0001223055,0.0008145693,0.00037543022,0.00006369123,0.00056620874,0.00009874336,0.00016165824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000153162,0.00008810649,0.00009176149,0.0067173583,0.0001008407,0.0004482633,0.00007225856,0.00020998789,0.0000743683],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000099632256,0.00024073265,0.0019124254,0.000038468537,0.000046904614,0.00048089595,0.9170353,0.00002473735,0.000048361984,0.03987751,0.015371504,0.02482356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004032807,0.00006182051,0.00032817305,0.000010350681,0.00002244874,8.023561e-7,0.05019664,0.000048760612,0.000021268124,0.0000029631242,0.94876987,0.00013364878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.17524213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.20559686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93339837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015242133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002626018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7020341487","doi":"","title":"Language, a living organism.","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"German; Survival of the fittest; Indigenous; Historical linguistics; Constructed language; Living systems","score_opus":0.014260678036844786,"score_gpt":0.2588843370087014,"score_spread":0.24462365897185662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7020341487","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9630672,0.0015594029,0.000069439004,0.0012844646,0.0002961482,0.00013633372,0.00001708307,0.00027902625,0.03329093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9599697,0.000085492306,0.00029677048,0.000072237075,0.00020697071,1.827506e-7,0.00001009084,0.000013013952,0.039345566],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985982,0.00021916901,0.00009704846,0.00029655828,0.00045604978,0.00033295562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937135,0.00012978261,0.000053726155,0.00019097558,0.000091966525,0.00016219073],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00072845217,0.000116101524,0.00015511583,0.00014033458,0.0008115882,0.00009236383,0.00041735932,0.00019398973,0.00509725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020976976,0.00012644817,0.00015715093,0.0006657119,0.00024593555,0.001039152,0.00015442503,0.00028224537,0.0008672927],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009469224,0.0001899092,0.039713036,0.00028634458,0.00031363498,0.0007791966,0.7916066,0.000009764658,0.09109463,0.034070846,0.010384305,0.031457018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009317327,0.00021332705,0.29267627,0.0013131222,0.00044625287,0.00004909137,0.42647192,0.00011010244,0.0034142737,0.0024476056,0.2705049,0.001421402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019163591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0052283304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36513472,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023524638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001737107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7020606840","doi":"","title":"Le repérage des ressources éducatives extrascolaires dans la région du Québec métropolitain /","year":2015,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Term (time); Identification (biology)","score_opus":0.011188855878531846,"score_gpt":0.24327029204265074,"score_spread":0.2320814361641189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7020606840","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23681985,0.026665138,0.00025915419,0.0209789,0.00021698889,0.00059869385,0.00022077672,0.00024523897,0.7139953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5242105,0.0018584215,0.00036031776,0.00047301524,0.0011790323,0.00016435093,0.00004823779,0.00017950029,0.4715266],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99310005,0.002106427,0.00089417154,0.0011155867,0.0019284117,0.00085533963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.991537,0.0061071697,0.0010211462,0.00054925506,0.00021532136,0.0005701599],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011085108,0.0008836556,0.00076859136,0.0006926338,0.0015645166,0.00064770726,0.0014308761,0.0003529171,0.009546436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007048164,0.00080539443,0.0005198438,0.0013837619,0.0052495087,0.0013031394,0.00039593052,0.000646172,0.0008319846],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022766617,0.0012174462,0.037914086,0.00031124766,0.00064159796,0.00009321408,0.3905385,0.0001338924,0.0011655891,0.19076738,0.3748765,0.002112884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008395274,0.00017785504,0.060906306,0.0005486636,0.00016651422,0.000065476765,0.028928157,0.00009475102,0.00014056028,0.0024581999,0.9047141,0.0009598634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9324591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9991572,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5298376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.012722607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.103080004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7021000663","doi":"","title":"Modeling and demonstrating cultural differences in Genesis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Cultural diversity; Variation (astronomy); Cultural system; Perspective (graphical)","score_opus":0.02147600840300032,"score_gpt":0.2854106690174375,"score_spread":0.26393466061443716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7021000663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858297,0.005276667,0.000033120712,0.00095865835,0.00053555664,0.00049439806,0.000014292108,0.0002085744,0.0066490294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930804,0.0018147787,0.00251174,0.000016081678,0.00010269384,0.00008776475,0.00009220755,0.000017577557,0.00227675],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810606,0.000055623135,0.00048718404,0.000484189,0.00039764226,0.00046929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991375,0.000016769522,0.00029740058,0.0002299387,0.00023819417,0.000080179365],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019872557,0.000330606,0.0005600341,0.00049234944,0.00043091978,0.00009155804,0.00046894065,0.0012038451,0.000047678604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044453202,0.00027843768,0.000098067736,0.0007402101,0.0004613866,0.0006865875,0.000056209647,0.0005481777,0.000009919197],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017883112,0.00062875496,0.15343638,0.0017226984,0.0009597378,0.00018902846,0.16153267,0.0005482552,0.055982463,0.14513373,0.0024101124,0.47727734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0043489435,0.00055960467,0.045693096,0.0077471677,0.0011542012,0.00004386255,0.8580162,0.019808715,0.009672989,0.02334945,0.02283807,0.0067677316],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0096183615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03960366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6964835,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014268963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022013896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7023122580","doi":"","title":"Canada.","year":2014,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"QSpace (Queen's University Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Diafiltration; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Demotion","score_opus":0.004153618115274922,"score_gpt":0.17905890139450562,"score_spread":0.1749052832792307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7023122580","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.129058,0.000047381305,0.00007005787,0.49823973,0.0006774947,0.0002732716,0.00008267977,0.00029018565,0.37126118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6622034,0.00029773774,0.00012256502,0.0008266714,0.0003349234,1.1777319e-7,0.000026054711,0.000011602289,0.33617693],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982668,0.00038737926,0.000095270116,0.0003434704,0.0004348011,0.00047225822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991548,0.0000905606,0.00011830238,0.00025813124,0.00004747154,0.0003307094],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000061751394,0.00019556747,0.00021390042,0.00006736334,0.0007387431,0.0001445766,0.0005358241,0.00018715386,0.0013649414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050330484,0.00019796661,0.00010334551,0.0006217581,0.00019596328,0.0015058694,0.00018659486,0.00022175728,0.0001514732],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003085398,0.000033379594,0.0058894227,0.000026799953,0.0000346751,0.00006233306,0.0016062609,0.000010748485,0.0000037824,0.083909206,0.90711755,0.0012749752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002689379,0.000044985652,0.011882993,0.000044100565,0.000046373323,8.077403e-8,0.0070697423,0.0000074819122,0.00016000244,0.00015574653,0.98002106,0.00029849296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9746155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.48670664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53314537,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027103128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001198319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99954796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7023956517","doi":"","title":"Pope Apologizes For Non-Apology, Millionaires Too Broke For Moon? 08.02.22","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mantra; Government (linguistics); Indigenous; Nice; Happening; Compensation (psychology)","score_opus":0.008463822663867271,"score_gpt":0.2315304194007406,"score_spread":0.22306659673687332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7023956517","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007592357,0.00071731384,0.0000022221548,0.0011997644,0.00074081175,0.0016495306,0.00068058126,0.00018734779,0.9947465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007019039,0.0003886166,0.001257053,0.0007601402,0.0006192785,0.0002826088,0.0008154357,0.00007558811,0.99509937],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983147,0.000105554805,0.00048415025,0.00024822025,0.00039319243,0.00045418277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986779,0.0002525489,0.00053691946,0.00023508594,0.00019287693,0.00010465708],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044591754,0.00027503978,0.00041086468,0.00007502013,0.00049285486,0.000055570374,0.00048412726,0.00048545614,0.4363709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047456642,0.00024996494,0.0003052711,0.000014593019,0.00031126893,6.245951e-7,0.00008939907,0.00017570649,0.0013862379],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000116211646,0.000035571877,0.000002353903,0.00023553392,0.00006507992,0.0000022505376,0.0014190106,0.000043798344,5.53669e-7,0.0005967683,0.99516124,0.0023216605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006411504,0.00025031524,0.0000059886265,0.00004425574,0.00007118078,0.0000070475517,0.0038709415,0.000009124409,0.000004289875,0.000102894664,0.99466705,0.00032576444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022375911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015343909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43498465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014342408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009728263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999523},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7027706595","doi":"","title":"Defaults and Returns in the High Yield Bond Market: The Year 2003 in Review and Market Outlook","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"The Faculty Digital Archive (New York University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Default; Bond; Yield (engineering); Bond market; Rate of return; Interest rate; Investment (military); Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.03199580495078053,"score_gpt":0.255846056828248,"score_spread":0.2238502518774675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7027706595","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0067865257,0.008704029,0.000004880832,0.0069486755,0.000117161144,0.0014306391,0.000628526,0.000033156633,0.9753464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.23003319,0.10862867,0.0000941629,0.001750205,0.00066760695,0.0000108602035,0.0005957011,0.00004922096,0.6581704],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99837095,0.00026907714,0.000191333,0.0003238471,0.0005093605,0.0003354148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991495,0.00026560697,0.00017046221,0.00025255667,0.000070356,0.00009149212],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007315457,0.00022536828,0.00031049424,0.00008656332,0.000368889,0.00018347635,0.0006409177,0.00013400937,0.00009666197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006081023,0.00011717781,0.00009107474,0.000740932,0.0005443308,0.000296135,0.00020108024,0.0005444074,0.000010341451],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001727114,0.00007980074,0.0027968886,0.00037826685,0.00013818756,0.00028282584,0.04485779,0.0000018401403,0.0000011559108,0.007893918,0.9279195,0.015477125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034429203,0.000044963246,0.021639869,0.0012437206,0.00016215777,0.000027444283,0.028599983,5.3706816e-7,2.1860502e-7,0.0023932788,0.9452635,0.00028002367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016238479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.036761854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.317176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025242724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006593547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99031246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7033376476","doi":"","title":"Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 5: Coastal Atlases as Engines for Coastal &amp; Marine Spatial Planning","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"AquaDocs  (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","keywords":"Commission; Work (physics); Breakout; Plan (archaeology); Benthic habitat; European commission; Steering committee; Marine protected area; Corporate governance; Marine spatial planning","score_opus":0.043962550692196484,"score_gpt":0.34840271882376983,"score_spread":0.3044401681315734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7033376476","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63569957,0.0041685887,0.012425166,0.040932074,0.06487447,0.008173759,0.010590973,0.0010554881,0.22207992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.38642845,0.00096541614,0.003937334,0.00009319359,0.006401075,0.00013179208,0.20696718,0.000086948596,0.39498863],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99507266,0.0001430176,0.0009293637,0.0007534162,0.0026281613,0.00047336635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9783591,0.0004683821,0.0010787504,0.00031538215,0.019470919,0.00030745062],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017104361,0.00039849483,0.00043597128,0.0013767624,0.0023073603,0.00076700904,0.00050956686,0.00044234272,0.0021727362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013687409,0.00036646117,0.00015184846,0.0066857375,0.0007899033,0.0010149736,0.00026296408,0.0003229326,0.000055929908],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004312259,0.00036828138,0.01852681,0.00012213044,0.00036207904,0.000011183267,0.012082922,0.0013153858,0.00014412533,0.026735066,0.93911725,0.0011716189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042786438,0.0000286191,0.0046636257,0.00022048631,0.00022344608,0.00021649744,0.010371554,0.00009112142,0.000030997635,0.0011041724,0.9820817,0.00053993094],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0081082415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.050067384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24927112,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034647438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0053125676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7034104105","doi":"","title":"Successful strategies for the implementation of land reform : a peasantsâ account from the Philippines","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Agrarian reform; Agrarian system; Agricultural development; Rural development","score_opus":0.004671371619722699,"score_gpt":0.19603948095525628,"score_spread":0.19136810933553358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7034104105","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25129303,0.006833756,0.000090484886,0.04303295,0.0015406474,0.0014506528,0.00444419,0.000012361532,0.69130194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94945073,0.0010457252,0.00011160066,0.0008240442,0.0007143126,0.000031976004,0.000047485137,0.00002674697,0.047747403],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812794,0.00007268681,0.00027011806,0.00018323575,0.0011032003,0.00024284389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894845,0.0004158771,0.00037913595,0.0001785862,0.0000020076445,0.00007594801],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000025393472,0.0001858865,0.00022242407,0.0000067885576,0.00048037467,0.00005377576,0.00042587894,0.000059762973,0.001621125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000034491627,0.0001011026,0.00005329477,0.00007225818,0.0003127621,0.00036387058,0.00007835567,0.00014252639,4.2304253e-9],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045400864,0.000045829605,0.0370076,0.0004164486,0.0007632199,0.000009055391,0.012866118,0.000020884661,0.008327006,0.7628976,0.008057094,0.16913515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004677296,0.00006244581,0.086989395,0.0001667152,0.00017773072,9.173914e-7,0.34029508,0.00017639359,0.0029782832,0.0057884837,0.56262636,0.00027046487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.47159335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.96349853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7571091,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015235614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021941646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99929154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7034572458","doi":"","title":"Validação da versão em português da entrevista telefônica para avaliação do estado cognitivo - modificada (TICS-M) em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral","year":2014,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"Americanae (AECID Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Data collection; Statistical analysis; Transmission (telecommunications); Reliability (semiconductor)","score_opus":0.02637415074730803,"score_gpt":0.27246610484581907,"score_spread":0.24609195409851103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7034572458","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97345155,0.004582993,0.0027618017,0.006581198,0.0021217407,0.0019591085,0.00062951463,0.0008880196,0.007024085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96635073,0.0014406752,0.000595576,0.002389626,0.0013462544,0.000080093174,0.0007876302,0.0001784161,0.026830971],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9906646,0.0017006131,0.0014042754,0.0019064193,0.002177274,0.0021467947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951382,0.00047326743,0.001207988,0.001500649,0.00028932077,0.0013905747],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081022916,0.0011611627,0.0015245436,0.00036548288,0.0012564576,0.0012781605,0.0020185167,0.00048286823,0.009861833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008811015,0.0010460892,0.0011725179,0.0028642092,0.0012568899,0.003310425,0.0006732219,0.0009346468,0.0016641249],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00062476954,0.0021535696,0.17182384,0.00056179,0.0031762277,0.00085983,0.099808544,0.00012240266,0.0014464441,0.020531291,0.41068467,0.2882066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008082881,0.002979358,0.17765145,0.0015474499,0.0036860735,0.00007068364,0.31168485,0.0044455933,0.002435602,0.002515999,0.47621575,0.0086843185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013343588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024778786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2795223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025546248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053195294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7038994856","doi":"","title":"Kaatsu Training and Its Correlation with Reduced Risk of Falling in the Elderly Population: Based on Evidence","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Correlation; Falling (accident); Training (meteorology); Affect (linguistics)","score_opus":0.034872780001539115,"score_gpt":0.27493063166415116,"score_spread":0.24005785166261204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7038994856","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867842,0.00021174617,0.00138626,0.0055742185,0.000028636798,0.00023539638,0.0000032182372,0.000059133377,0.005717178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99844074,0.0001760379,0.0007267108,0.000031135954,0.00001178047,0.000014832458,0.000031385483,0.0000051011502,0.00056224596],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961513,0.003014788,0.00016647774,0.0001799905,0.00034314132,0.00014426144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975383,0.0016927099,0.00016835089,0.00023059505,0.00033345356,0.00003654444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0049819145,0.00006797047,0.000090224865,0.000077298464,0.00042950836,0.000078604346,0.00021799502,0.000056164256,0.000021272474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022956412,0.00004973666,0.000028286611,0.00078067556,0.00006889666,0.00022135429,0.00001888213,0.00013606927,0.000005153945],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007152955,0.00021209665,0.074842,0.00006694405,0.000024404473,0.000006936226,0.55398405,0.0046989,0.0031002588,0.10842481,0.00014418026,0.2544239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011806879,0.000010786675,0.772691,0.0041496535,0.00007474689,0.0000035839792,0.039084576,0.17490427,0.0034581795,0.003020069,0.0009531673,0.0004692948],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004175391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011552459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.697849,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037763322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007662745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64465433},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043802956","doi":"","title":"Toimitus- ja tonttijakokarttojen kehittäminen Jyväskylän kaupungille","year":2014,"lang":"fi","type":"other","venue":"Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Payment; Subject (documents); Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.0170288915167914,"score_gpt":0.267524900612931,"score_spread":0.2504960090961396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043802956","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0052152374,0.0056996658,0.00018266344,0.0025181181,0.0030133422,0.001624456,0.00013451392,0.0008198744,0.9807921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.057604678,0.001712757,0.0004096349,0.0011444257,0.006248008,0.00015279031,0.00024823885,0.00055983884,0.93191963],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99126154,0.0014149772,0.0012800855,0.0017391184,0.0019203016,0.0023840053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954405,0.00044981999,0.0011802895,0.0016513101,0.00036853584,0.0009095855],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018034928,0.0015499471,0.0018037215,0.00038108768,0.0013520805,0.0005861635,0.0025574544,0.0020333007,0.04441414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060658425,0.0012842773,0.0010613195,0.001093059,0.0010826711,0.000657315,0.0005660028,0.0012004814,0.03709709],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021164876,0.0003971076,0.00018039094,0.00034123438,0.0007489151,0.00014601854,0.02280202,0.000030071997,0.0008556299,0.018358968,0.016172027,0.939756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001018459,0.00022291706,0.00057947973,0.00067002734,0.00043253376,0.000030701667,0.0058329133,0.00011373494,0.00015968087,0.0013685019,0.9877434,0.001827658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066819955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00806035,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9715714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007275338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042248768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999948},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7069931783","doi":"","title":"âOne More for Luckâ: The Destruction of U971 by HMCS Haida and HMS Eskimo, 24 June 1944","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholars Commons (Wilfrid Laurier University)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Channel (broadcasting); Marine research; Maritime archaeology; Underwater archaeology","score_opus":0.014636767822532759,"score_gpt":0.24371502004013498,"score_spread":0.22907825221760222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7069931783","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98585045,0.001443633,0.00032830713,0.0036293315,0.000551863,0.00041901565,0.00008362591,0.00006412924,0.0076296357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98034483,0.00015197239,0.00047462105,0.00009606411,0.00014158135,0.0000021972114,0.000032821867,0.000009382721,0.018746542],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99897957,0.00019169918,0.00011181898,0.00015363464,0.00023668897,0.00032656375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932545,0.00009114016,0.00010858366,0.00019361847,0.00012816094,0.0001530246],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004343941,0.000110394474,0.00014270119,0.000081417245,0.0011299282,0.000057824323,0.00029074113,0.00012597557,0.000059285398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011207859,0.00008954808,0.000083215404,0.00049981417,0.00045699696,0.0011851689,0.000085888205,0.0002058681,0.000004786664],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006410858,0.0007111669,0.20249866,0.00014194082,0.0005510632,0.000017143911,0.07310649,0.000018692695,0.018206693,0.49772376,0.16695139,0.039431922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007085005,0.00004679131,0.005920338,0.000025748623,0.00015252898,0.0000041745566,0.029269932,0.000013388059,0.0013233825,0.0006813403,0.9616269,0.00022698242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009820936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025061371,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7946755,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009920799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058397643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8690609},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7099445669","doi":"","title":"Highway Effects on Wildlife in Banff National Park: A Research, Monitoring and Adaptive Mitigation Program","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wildlife; National park; Habitat; Wildlife refuge; Wildlife corridor; Habitat fragmentation; Habitat destruction","score_opus":0.04368454532666596,"score_gpt":0.3818284761471251,"score_spread":0.3381439308204591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7099445669","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9398345,0.00004701807,0.0000141378905,0.0015362216,0.00010755124,0.00042173188,3.7322417e-7,0.000078842015,0.05795963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99810225,0.000015809206,0.00047951643,0.000072486204,0.00049533736,0.00008260658,0.0000026008158,0.0000027472051,0.0007466454],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868894,0.00037719012,0.00006831447,0.00014317031,0.00052653876,0.00019586107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940807,0.00031173058,0.000017917702,0.000034137982,0.0001645178,0.0000636068],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010811535,0.00004487058,0.000053726875,0.00005969487,0.00027603598,0.000060894246,0.00005426132,0.00006091557,0.000010644698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007970382,0.00003434693,0.000011529063,0.0003012825,0.00009582072,0.00020531563,0.000015100303,0.000116241914,0.000021163076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010631169,0.00025957162,0.03216804,0.000041539206,0.000020698873,0.0000071102354,0.039094247,0.000030246701,0.0023779464,0.48241776,0.0077338056,0.4357427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025100817,0.0016929026,0.8309057,0.0007018062,0.000011914871,0.0000013906829,0.028501162,0.0025945583,0.009987625,0.051998205,0.07042141,0.0006732931],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018211318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012144633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7987376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014205495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000494108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27530187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7099539294","doi":"","title":"and Teleconnections with Large-Scale Modes of Climate Variability*","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Teleconnection; Geopotential height; Precipitation; North Atlantic oscillation; Climate change; Mode (computer interface); Geopotential; Climate model; Atmospheric circulation","score_opus":0.004951605937045388,"score_gpt":0.23833944659101128,"score_spread":0.2333878406539659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7099539294","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8332642,0.000017772029,0.0005642953,0.00048283557,0.00001103977,0.000112413225,0.0000020377229,0.00003129544,0.16551411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99724823,0.000043971922,0.0013330668,0.000044424207,0.000023877037,0.000009667624,9.684695e-7,0.0000013202392,0.001294472],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996704,0.000036716305,0.0000513627,0.00006825834,0.00006278901,0.00011050569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998126,0.000027094567,0.000017427266,0.000045490473,0.00006307576,0.000034314857],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015151197,0.000026210833,0.00004715742,0.000008285128,0.00017583022,0.000019022284,0.000027346188,0.000026194773,0.0011391679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026453361,0.0000159269,0.000010076651,0.00008022898,0.000076063545,0.00021546199,0.000009866909,0.000021377868,0.000013124798],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026850244,0.00037806784,0.1866063,0.00007751681,0.000054757336,7.175541e-7,0.09247049,0.000046905265,0.01131493,0.6808818,0.0024824182,0.02565924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020787586,0.0005529723,0.3175046,0.000083274266,0.00014068975,0.000010844741,0.58124375,0.00755849,0.0063438728,0.057109598,0.02641556,0.00095759914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044249063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008835086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6237722,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009701085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013395872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997739},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100429136","doi":"","title":"None None AppRovAlS Definitions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Debit card; ATM card; Database transaction; Position (finance); Card security code; Credit card; Payment; Smart card","score_opus":0.0643356965237536,"score_gpt":0.3005271971854779,"score_spread":0.23619150066172429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100429136","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07081632,0.00008940511,0.00313207,0.010307851,0.00014799571,0.00011785306,0.0000061014885,0.00017976464,0.9152026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9510592,0.00011824823,0.0007241179,0.00029791362,0.00023853997,0.0000109544235,0.000001927371,0.0000023467053,0.0475467],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99952996,0.000039169972,0.00006092987,0.000083290164,0.00013659544,0.00015005705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997718,0.00004087457,0.000017564797,0.00006554114,0.00004808551,0.000056150784],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014604763,0.000033314816,0.000042580443,0.000012571981,0.00024913743,0.000019115845,0.00007240949,0.000040555362,0.0037463673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010820075,0.00001727608,0.000032088563,0.00010653336,0.000093448194,0.00019397754,0.0000114794,0.000017508766,0.0013858345],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000040230702,0.00005408058,0.00041376834,0.0000017909914,0.0000106360185,0.000003408211,0.005381438,8.9916675e-8,0.015659159,0.90790844,0.030390184,0.040172998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014355934,0.0001035356,0.009163496,0.00008036771,0.000052293144,0.000007168218,0.028699473,0.000004939861,0.007757592,0.09096978,0.8610211,0.0007046722],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011987386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026225334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88024294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000360994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003399187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993917},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100606798","doi":"","title":"RECENT TRENDS AND PREVENTION STATEGIES FOR AVALANCHE AND SNOW IMMERSION RISK AT U.S. AND B.C. SKI AREAS","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Snow; Poison control; Risk assessment; Injury prevention; Occupational safety and health; Suicide prevention","score_opus":0.01795181600121969,"score_gpt":0.29979598874281005,"score_spread":0.28184417274159035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100606798","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862773,0.0026536188,0.00030778043,0.0035778838,0.000076075965,0.00016143578,0.000015630314,0.000033820193,0.0068964553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94070643,0.02518125,0.00027813096,0.00003455398,0.00008864824,0.000012293061,0.000010934352,0.0000036813271,0.033684094],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995213,0.000056730692,0.00006676944,0.0001448867,0.000082907456,0.00012742028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997571,0.000064904096,0.000044405886,0.000037569163,0.00003351801,0.00006251267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023267795,0.000053594962,0.00006454829,0.00002027854,0.0003299265,0.000039659637,0.000021027805,0.000048875896,0.0002753672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006258516,0.000029061921,0.000015930555,0.000046438417,0.00010101593,0.00024310665,0.000027127637,0.000015766567,0.0000026058542],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042595428,0.0000081307,0.008553711,0.0000052949204,0.000009738704,2.0403922e-7,0.004643383,2.0886333e-8,0.00077386084,0.0016917042,0.0060156053,0.97825575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00369695,0.0005173533,0.30837467,0.00014778154,0.00016641444,0.000007414021,0.038350448,0.000044993223,0.002310255,0.020552043,0.6252871,0.0005445766],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005998604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004634863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9777112,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000046319594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000983273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30150777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100773175","doi":"","title":"© 2003 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors Therapeutic Insights","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Association (psychology); Disease; MEDLINE; Perspective (graphical); Feature (linguistics)","score_opus":0.01981336333154539,"score_gpt":0.28900100205310086,"score_spread":0.2691876387215555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100773175","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.020897575,0.00050525065,0.000009044076,0.0033946463,0.00044424066,0.00016181607,9.976666e-7,0.000063225634,0.9745232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6223954,0.0002067645,0.000026011305,0.004597372,0.00018263335,0.000006163144,6.1233527e-7,0.000003914064,0.37258112],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986461,0.00025110555,0.00009682495,0.00010457779,0.0006055241,0.00029589524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992639,0.00004212511,0.000030866242,0.000049947852,0.00025315353,0.0003600095],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047154748,0.000054958902,0.00006700921,0.000030644216,0.0004474228,0.00004718926,0.000098754914,0.00025081355,0.17778438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001871201,0.000035090685,0.000021530908,0.00047512384,0.000024960647,0.00017335081,0.0000025776699,0.00011117017,0.0036366282],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008743376,0.00007171065,0.0014343886,0.0000050324,0.0000830513,0.00006926869,0.048281543,0.0000017209285,0.00011637496,0.5700575,0.36321747,0.01665317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011853463,0.000010375659,0.0010791739,0.0000037072405,0.0000067648284,0.0000010197035,0.0065672114,0.0000153929,0.00009734184,0.000040360665,0.99197614,0.000083985185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.090693586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8886596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.797966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045215627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015831047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99713916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7102430568","doi":"","title":"Global PIQA: Evaluating Commonsense Reasoning Across 100+ Languages and Cultures","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Adekunle Ajasin University; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Università degli Studi di Udine; Tartu Ülikool; Barcelona Supercomputing Center; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Háskóli Íslands; University of Jaffna; NED University of Engineering and Technology; University of Waterloo; Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi; Università degli Studi di Torino; Università degli Studi di Trento; Pohang University of Science and Technology; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Imperial College London; KT; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Università degli Studi di Milano; Université de Montpellier; Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave; University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Addis Ababa University; University of Hawai'i; Zayed University; Carnegie Mellon University; Georgia Institute of Technology; Fondazione Bruno Kessler; University of Moratuwa; Seoul National University; Aarhus Universitet; Cisco Systems; Texas State University; Universitas Indonesia; Universitetet i Oslo; City University of Hong Kong; Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Commonsense reasoning; Cover (algebra); Benchmark (surveying); Diversity (politics); Citizen journalism; Commonsense knowledge","score_opus":0.03714887467949434,"score_gpt":0.4313602788698926,"score_spread":0.39421140419039824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7102430568","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95695,0.017545791,0.000016936401,0.0025013227,0.0005612032,0.00032961907,0.000052207255,0.00012416886,0.02191875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98965114,0.00057323964,0.00015904037,0.00091253186,0.00048854295,0.000014367048,0.000019978597,0.0000091887405,0.008171989],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99720335,0.0005778864,0.00040289498,0.00058771134,0.00045650738,0.0007716744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891305,0.00016671947,0.00020734254,0.0002926713,0.00024620994,0.00017402084],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011330176,0.0003078338,0.00036166867,0.00002323783,0.0023701873,0.00034082113,0.0003200987,0.00031896934,0.00021964785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015208131,0.00025496577,0.00014359399,0.0009011979,0.000614911,0.00043674663,0.00032256474,0.00028618073,0.00009828624],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008367855,0.000087574095,0.8963639,0.00008459254,0.00015774523,0.000052983734,0.06486101,0.000020738082,0.0019170303,0.0033832027,0.0068508284,0.0261367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008459456,0.00010142852,0.77928823,0.00047940091,0.00019364635,0.00001297052,0.21060088,0.00023384146,0.0002876435,0.00040211366,0.007124895,0.0004289951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0130401235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014322629,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14573987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028363292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019255598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7103228601","doi":"","title":"Work Smarter...Not Harder: Efficient Minimization of Dependency Length in SOV Languages","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universität Stuttgart; Atomic Energy of Canada Limited; Universität Potsdam","keywords":"Heuristics; Dependency (UML); Minification; Property (philosophy); Optimality theory; Bounded function; Verb; Natural language","score_opus":0.011740089910032305,"score_gpt":0.2479047460730198,"score_spread":0.23616465616298749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7103228601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9313878,0.002306559,0.00009685599,0.0014240516,0.00026588258,0.0003234704,0.00042638156,0.00038598795,0.06338303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962774,0.00005999732,0.00017083673,0.00012875616,0.00019555897,0.000013025295,0.00022530244,0.000026770294,0.0029023523],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838954,0.00014097635,0.00034958046,0.00031499253,0.0004540077,0.00035088707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949026,0.00013151918,0.00006479414,0.00015577476,0.000029978974,0.00012769764],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000248723,0.0001575494,0.00017974683,0.00016491835,0.000117672134,0.0007514381,0.000286727,0.00016000785,0.0008862159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029632697,0.00013157686,0.00012712282,0.0009622198,0.00011361002,0.0018652459,0.00007745134,0.00025612305,0.0006663388],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005547743,0.001347705,0.36011034,0.000812807,0.00023030736,0.00071140163,0.033204865,0.0006890643,0.0010977263,0.09268133,0.020053102,0.48850656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002642588,0.00032881362,0.14466639,0.0035552066,0.00018284774,0.000022340231,0.027653286,0.00162268,0.012846807,0.019453228,0.7838816,0.003144205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000063776024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000048829515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7638285,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006249411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97034425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7105599236","doi":"10.1109/access.2025.3632686","title":"Comparative Evaluation of Reasoning and Inference in LLM-Based and Diffusion-Based Approaches","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inference; Generative grammar; Opportunistic reasoning; Model-based reasoning; Qualitative reasoning; Reasoning system; Process (computing)","score_opus":0.1526966410294123,"score_gpt":0.43029793863980037,"score_spread":0.2776012976103881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7105599236","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99422765,0.00036664132,0.00067945,0.00020720824,0.00004142521,0.00022141474,0.0000014272681,0.000009319109,0.004245494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997863,0.000008170992,0.000086591666,0.000055310826,0.000012677564,0.00002247189,0.000003621521,8.883523e-7,0.000023928358],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993046,0.00021232928,0.00009474429,0.000115202194,0.00019567856,0.000077471916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959964,0.00018316446,0.0000535829,0.00004921809,0.00009434686,0.000020070838],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055832055,0.000045278415,0.00010052551,0.00005661072,0.00011645246,0.00005188327,0.00008109991,0.00004342824,0.0000157491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024570897,0.00003657626,0.000009504771,0.00026949242,0.00012801337,0.00020250073,0.0000137773495,0.00004536157,2.0796395e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016295734,0.00042301705,0.8147508,0.00019220909,0.000032250962,0.0000016905716,0.06464098,0.009806194,0.0051619783,0.01264061,0.00019423824,0.09199307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018069582,0.000038507354,0.66877437,0.00038777507,0.00006865541,4.0138815e-8,0.0109822,0.30638972,0.0076888353,0.0036012875,0.00007699812,0.00018466558],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0039103623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008848896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29658353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005211968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018018739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.59113246},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7110436880","doi":"10.1162/isal.a.871","title":"Causal Leverage Density: A Universal Framework for Semantic Information","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"ALIFE","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Semtech (Canada)","funders":"Space Telescope Science Institute; John Templeton Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Meaning (existential); Information theory; Rule-based machine translation; Limiting; Function (biology); Semantics (computer science)","score_opus":0.012761669134392526,"score_gpt":0.29475351964402813,"score_spread":0.2819918505096356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7110436880","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53982174,0.0011192674,0.38699147,0.025252042,0.006978082,0.0023940976,0.000104331506,0.0002770147,0.03706193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99166363,0.00014718756,0.0007065086,0.0031144675,0.00038837668,0.000011766807,0.000041607575,0.0000041228973,0.0039223554],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99879044,0.0001092459,0.00027533478,0.00017204761,0.00027842305,0.00037449558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991645,0.00019964951,0.00014020508,0.00016194308,0.00024187434,0.00009183435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003385203,0.00014484157,0.00019330681,0.000078833764,0.00085912,0.00020780413,0.0002085622,0.00031388568,0.00020195288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00064537005,0.00013698844,0.00013892761,0.0005846208,0.00014148159,0.0010889584,0.00006786279,0.00017496111,0.00015548008],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000115003364,0.000051958054,0.0009979316,0.00017137847,0.00017427703,0.000005196328,0.06027249,0.000033796103,0.00006209248,0.88988537,0.029728908,0.01850158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023990031,0.00028349223,0.011636341,0.0009870087,0.00094307243,0.0000037933341,0.16911112,0.0049993494,0.00090745714,0.13470645,0.672917,0.0011058911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027731895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010508635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7551789,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023421999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003806459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6607743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116744000","doi":"10.1109/mitp.2025.3633473","title":"Large Language Models in Human Subject Research, and the Presence of Idiosyncratic Human Behaviors","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IT Professional","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Subject (documents); Human language; Language model; Language understanding; On Language; Information technology; Human studies","score_opus":0.04688727258968862,"score_gpt":0.4379177941996059,"score_spread":0.3910305216099173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7116744000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804843,0.00051767693,0.0000068512354,0.0017806691,0.00007673415,0.00037882174,0.000004483328,0.00001168903,0.01673876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807488,0.00001548537,0.000009867642,0.000079442514,0.000041770556,0.000048618916,0.0000062655354,0.0000023701564,0.019047422],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983569,0.00069417694,0.00017022487,0.00013708697,0.0004103798,0.00023128148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995058,0.00021093278,0.000041480245,0.000120412136,0.00009319884,0.000028147713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021822553,0.000051216706,0.00011134105,0.00007311416,0.0007989747,0.000023246968,0.00023076184,0.00007842548,0.0001267434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018716425,0.00003063036,0.00002667848,0.00034449704,0.00052219507,0.00018967109,0.00013299035,0.00025801716,0.0000015580421],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005203654,0.00017997492,0.005474005,0.00004171701,0.000007877953,0.000008210091,0.16950396,0.000003436337,0.012101139,0.8090513,0.0033101207,0.00026624868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042904816,0.00010653014,0.0645452,0.0014360992,0.000034449273,0.0000010468777,0.58113754,0.0003881428,0.0028540194,0.34387156,0.0010314598,0.00030347647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005027867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019538077,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4651797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004402119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012488767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117549051","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18088685","title":"Phase–Scalar Reconstruction (PSR): A Diagnostic Method for Representational Mismatch Across Domains","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Forming Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Contradiction; Scalar (mathematics); Rotation formalisms in three dimensions; Pooling; Weaving; Flexibility (engineering); Dual (grammatical number); Conflation; Natural language","score_opus":0.04743808577295024,"score_gpt":0.38194853460312955,"score_spread":0.33451044883017933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117549051","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.070271686,0.0013443114,0.57679987,0.016383188,0.004246134,0.010263134,0.013340709,0.004623999,0.30272695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6175961,0.0058194906,0.14727195,0.0030015795,0.015707256,0.000028704933,0.10307033,0.0065442226,0.10096038],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99675894,0.0010215748,0.00040859537,0.00073471427,0.0005507622,0.0005254139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755716,0.00030547287,0.00026808542,0.00043499735,0.0012440935,0.00019016309],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001648755,0.00020979297,0.00026548887,0.00014183996,0.0053082933,0.0011903767,0.0010326708,0.0003012275,0.0044894437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0055166567,0.00022125126,0.00019166103,0.00048664026,0.00029575563,0.00030251167,0.001205121,0.0004702657,0.0005227],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022116923,0.00048208403,0.00000607431,0.00039115277,0.0002480944,0.000013357641,0.040891584,0.00035769524,0.001392273,0.024556635,0.24456744,0.6868724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013975946,0.00012394485,0.00008769961,0.00017187714,0.000079358695,0.000029892828,0.00892924,0.00095510593,0.0003031895,0.007271898,0.9803224,0.0003277885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064915424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003289959,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73575497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004953323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004024405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117588368","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18088686","title":"Phase–Scalar Reconstruction (PSR): A Diagnostic Method for Representational Mismatch Across Domains","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Forming Technologies (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Contradiction; Scalar (mathematics); Rotation formalisms in three dimensions; Pooling; Weaving; Flexibility (engineering); Dual (grammatical number); Conflation; Natural language","score_opus":0.04743808577295024,"score_gpt":0.38194853460312955,"score_spread":0.33451044883017933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117588368","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.070271686,0.0013443114,0.57679987,0.016383188,0.004246134,0.010263134,0.013340709,0.004623999,0.30272695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6175961,0.0058194906,0.14727195,0.0030015795,0.015707256,0.000028704933,0.10307033,0.0065442226,0.10096038],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99675894,0.0010215748,0.00040859537,0.00073471427,0.0005507622,0.0005254139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99755716,0.00030547287,0.00026808542,0.00043499735,0.0012440935,0.00019016309],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001648755,0.00020979297,0.00026548887,0.00014183996,0.0053082933,0.0011903767,0.0010326708,0.0003012275,0.0044894437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0055166567,0.00022125126,0.00019166103,0.00048664026,0.00029575563,0.00030251167,0.001205121,0.0004702657,0.0005227],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022116923,0.00048208403,0.00000607431,0.00039115277,0.0002480944,0.000013357641,0.040891584,0.00035769524,0.001392273,0.024556635,0.24456744,0.6868724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013975946,0.00012394485,0.00008769961,0.00017187714,0.000079358695,0.000029892828,0.00892924,0.00095510593,0.0003031895,0.007271898,0.9803224,0.0003277885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064915424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003289959,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73575497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004953323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004024405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984646},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7124179290","doi":"10.65109/gzoy6612","title":"Exploiting Objects as Artifacts in Multi-Agent Based Social Simulations: Extended Abstract","year":2015,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Social learning; Artifact (error); Margin (machine learning); Population; Social network (sociolinguistics); Social dynamics","score_opus":0.14677135381219933,"score_gpt":0.38386211453789537,"score_spread":0.23709076072569604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7124179290","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95325357,0.0003781303,0.00030001067,0.0016306457,0.0006898499,0.0007772918,0.000009658742,0.00015403905,0.04280682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955144,0.00001345794,0.0005349888,0.0006983588,0.0005118378,0.000020506235,0.000031025473,0.000018400307,0.0026570088],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968457,0.00035012042,0.000635863,0.0004950464,0.00089828426,0.0007749621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998726,0.00016109558,0.0002661059,0.0001556669,0.0003177992,0.00037330043],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009899872,0.00028125837,0.0003090501,0.00012531521,0.0007123915,0.0002644307,0.00024600362,0.00032928673,0.0031130882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013447449,0.00025224162,0.00016231666,0.0007792338,0.00018605267,0.0010688,0.00005791833,0.00030980646,0.00093193597],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003932366,0.003958273,0.005297911,0.0001306139,0.00012113879,0.000379293,0.86562306,0.020671772,0.010416938,0.0065965336,0.0028212091,0.08359002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009175748,0.0003363311,0.086674534,0.00032771874,0.00013254565,0.0000031388327,0.7918642,0.09385737,0.0053987605,0.0049941754,0.0051603895,0.0020750626],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011402917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.022486994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08151496,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000742704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008702988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999297},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7132092931","doi":"","title":"ReadAlong studio: practical zero-shot text-speech alignment for indigenous language audiobooks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Suite; Process (computing); Indigenous language; Natural language","score_opus":0.03504218736519539,"score_gpt":0.34548128968399805,"score_spread":0.3104391023188027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7132092931","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8256308,0.00044873857,0.0006439196,0.0059381626,0.00073788024,0.0018962511,0.00010283462,0.00026708236,0.16433436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810241,0.000015775437,0.0019848547,0.00066239823,0.0003392095,0.00027789816,0.000040137817,0.000013007193,0.015642649],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983779,0.00020645736,0.0001558553,0.00023966553,0.0006102561,0.00040987023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948937,0.00011736729,0.00008426265,0.00015569692,0.00005327456,0.000100036945],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007935183,0.00009558667,0.00013646026,0.00003075882,0.0014524838,0.000055364802,0.00020115636,0.00005385981,0.0014635473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019147956,0.00008473746,0.00008523281,0.0001517949,0.00007808926,0.00013229545,0.00010289698,0.00016922111,0.000035840356],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002463765,0.00069452164,0.0008197015,0.000039659266,0.000198156,0.00041350521,0.60051244,0.000021093965,0.059987787,0.05783485,0.15922858,0.12000331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011932681,0.00060780253,0.00083955796,0.000013733405,0.00013494199,0.000059023783,0.27483627,0.00003202052,0.004694962,0.01181796,0.7051642,0.0006062608],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014895751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012847204,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54593563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040586418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021223743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7133074006","doi":"","title":"Contact and Typological Distance in the Study of Information","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"License; Matching (statistics); Information system; Clothing","score_opus":0.024497024010908565,"score_gpt":0.36557252587409894,"score_spread":0.34107550186319036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7133074006","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97472894,0.000023497625,0.000017878578,0.0005412571,0.000018739192,0.00010570228,1.398224e-7,0.0000044739895,0.024559341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999767,0.0000056818267,0.00000796136,0.00007170987,0.00003043509,0.0000021438304,2.8320565e-7,1.9860867e-7,0.00011457897],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.999762,0.00006342956,0.000036818383,0.000020414927,0.00007557168,0.000041789095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999026,0.000021960195,0.000020511197,0.000029001472,0.000019398485,0.0000065380227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019146188,0.000013963289,0.000025496287,0.0000052532555,0.00007102363,0.000011227016,0.000043457698,0.000013870207,0.000035831043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007462839,0.000007369301,0.000003257669,0.000078076126,0.00005630736,0.00010919879,0.0000057347115,0.000020730668,0.0000053726853],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016976172,0.00003747332,0.022575015,0.0000014011971,0.0000012040185,4.3853214e-7,0.9449859,1.1863617e-7,0.000048843376,0.029414238,0.00042850123,0.002489845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015750286,0.00015730066,0.32600585,0.000002573666,0.0000019913805,1.6434436e-7,0.66586936,0.000006451646,0.000009482899,0.00031477545,0.00745414,0.000020402133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004528602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0126050515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30343083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008001581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000055163514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.70339143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7133077451","doi":"","title":"Word meaning extension in humans and machines","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Meaning (existential); Word (group theory); Extension (predicate logic); Natural language understanding; Generative grammar; Representation (politics); Natural language; Set (abstract data type); Chaining","score_opus":0.021225316817002845,"score_gpt":0.37273366805504227,"score_spread":0.3515083512380394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7133077451","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9114826,0.005060838,0.0000075502858,0.0008516855,0.0007715868,0.00035421364,0.0000012241053,0.000042088617,0.08142827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8592016,0.0020509665,0.00008632661,0.00009786064,0.00021770337,0.000014778367,0.000100145095,0.000010405619,0.1382202],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99834067,0.00021321874,0.00027455346,0.00049646816,0.00032984748,0.00034523112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993905,0.00008824807,0.00017488669,0.00014721435,0.00012245582,0.00007673504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003769113,0.0002598242,0.00033693775,0.00014989403,0.0006337699,0.00012623098,0.00016258242,0.0003714922,0.00043440532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027958068,0.0002296872,0.000077528864,0.00060208223,0.000071184586,0.00020223143,0.000044741733,0.00037525845,0.000021320595],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011695099,0.00007078679,0.0021904134,0.00028570442,0.000030811785,0.000034906647,0.8878263,0.000024096687,0.004858954,0.010011415,0.00081481435,0.093734816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00083331397,0.00007714622,0.07820659,0.0026133957,0.00019400587,0.0000012885471,0.9030488,0.000988792,0.00023284394,0.0048787766,0.008007175,0.00091786386],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030389002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13664657,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.106257565,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010872106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015215715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9760677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7140343268","doi":"10.1109/fmlds67896.2025.00076","title":"Identifying Proposers’ Behavioral Patterns in Human-AI Economic Interactions","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Identification (biology); Perspective (graphical); Feature (linguistics); Context (archaeology); Data collection","score_opus":0.038738633754094,"score_gpt":0.4167144620509089,"score_spread":0.3779758282968149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7140343268","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9490216,0.00012856249,0.00019855147,0.0023009132,0.0020478736,0.0004190527,0.0000092798455,0.000054400607,0.04581981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9480825,0.000064610125,0.00001996377,0.00029066607,0.0001934656,0.000029702484,0.000016259417,0.0000057209154,0.051297124],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984872,0.00016060816,0.00045063286,0.00037611337,0.00013086639,0.00039460685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996018,0.00001947081,0.0000959574,0.00016927916,0.000046025838,0.00006747696],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024986506,0.00016038437,0.00019963433,0.00018287769,0.000690885,0.00038511262,0.00029085815,0.00013256774,0.009152596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009719979,0.00015065621,0.00014422453,0.00029149864,0.00012025916,0.0011902094,0.00012310944,0.0003332384,0.00025665463],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056743887,0.0016587597,0.46195072,0.00021270537,0.00018225047,0.000084723724,0.24693282,0.000095451716,0.014046219,0.20018642,0.01894258,0.055650614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024380172,0.00021000972,0.26305586,0.0014242467,0.00039834698,0.000005393365,0.68890977,0.00093749183,0.0062670643,0.0118971905,0.022918139,0.0015384876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0957157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.38292843,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44197693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010283361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020324643,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99175316},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7148310596","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.31928568.v1","title":"On the Structural Dependencies of Intelligence: Coherence, Preservation, and the Role of Emergence (v1.2)","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Falsifiability; Dependency (UML); Counterexample; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Subject (documents); TRACE (psycholinguistics); Zero (linguistics); Dependency theory (database theory)","score_opus":0.03390268758973559,"score_gpt":0.29834394839154577,"score_spread":0.2644412608018102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7148310596","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23500168,0.0635636,0.000022869028,0.005866407,0.00188804,0.013221821,0.45368555,0.00014760291,0.2266024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99444133,0.00033462426,0.000012489318,0.00008232255,0.00010836876,0.0002241565,0.0027437902,0.0000046223618,0.0020482815],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975,0.0005151327,0.00059450464,0.00037189052,0.000769843,0.0002486528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967174,0.0011045232,0.000763303,0.00049090694,0.000877563,0.000046308913],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039929518,0.00025314806,0.0003727248,0.000040316634,0.0005939499,0.000083919134,0.0014121984,0.00028326435,0.12682797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004752453,0.00012743847,0.00020266413,0.0005573479,0.0003653543,0.00022292558,0.0007988778,0.0004880055,0.00003992973],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00060134934,0.00010961447,0.0010269848,0.0025743747,0.00071265677,0.0000017706739,0.44124928,0.003400466,0.0003183705,0.38427192,0.09668586,0.06904735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006969182,0.0002722331,0.015562558,0.019145926,0.00038979747,0.0000030005567,0.32418773,0.017419988,0.023745373,0.5700436,0.027223168,0.001309683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034053677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016672527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75943965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003346272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003714799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8739702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7148561022","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.31928568","title":"On the Structural Dependencies of Intelligence: Coherence, Preservation, and the Role of Emergence (v1.2)","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Falsifiability; Dependency (UML); Counterexample; Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Subject (documents); TRACE (psycholinguistics); Zero (linguistics); Dependency theory (database theory)","score_opus":0.03390268758973559,"score_gpt":0.29834394839154577,"score_spread":0.2644412608018102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7148561022","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23500168,0.0635636,0.000022869028,0.005866407,0.00188804,0.013221821,0.45368555,0.00014760291,0.2266024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99444133,0.00033462426,0.000012489318,0.00008232255,0.00010836876,0.0002241565,0.0027437902,0.0000046223618,0.0020482815],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975,0.0005151327,0.00059450464,0.00037189052,0.000769843,0.0002486528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967174,0.0011045232,0.000763303,0.00049090694,0.000877563,0.000046308913],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039929518,0.00025314806,0.0003727248,0.000040316634,0.0005939499,0.000083919134,0.0014121984,0.00028326435,0.12682797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004752453,0.00012743847,0.00020266413,0.0005573479,0.0003653543,0.00022292558,0.0007988778,0.0004880055,0.00003992973],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00060134934,0.00010961447,0.0010269848,0.0025743747,0.00071265677,0.0000017706739,0.44124928,0.003400466,0.0003183705,0.38427192,0.09668586,0.06904735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006969182,0.0002722331,0.015562558,0.019145926,0.00038979747,0.0000030005567,0.32418773,0.017419988,0.023745373,0.5700436,0.027223168,0.001309683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034053677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016672527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75943965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003346272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003714799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8739702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7155071885","doi":"10.5220/0014685500004995","title":"From Involution to Autonomy: Understanding Tangping through Subcultural Evolution and Narrative Reworking","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs","funders":"","keywords":"Narrative; Involution (esoterism); Narrative inquiry","score_opus":0.046110198178323764,"score_gpt":0.3265374068989072,"score_spread":0.28042720872058347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7155071885","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.60582674,0.009858852,0.2265107,0.030474147,0.004277574,0.0017805597,0.00002548272,0.00041976967,0.120826155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887498,0.0001825472,0.0016115644,0.0009805452,0.0008080158,0.000023898217,0.000026174235,0.000010179068,0.0076072966],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972577,0.0003929832,0.0005019696,0.0007884534,0.000394259,0.00066463224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912417,0.00015810304,0.00018370814,0.00019809742,0.00016889202,0.00016700866],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004063056,0.00033784498,0.00037559582,0.0001127821,0.0032451758,0.000500379,0.00023501103,0.00039015777,0.00040105305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025197907,0.00029343923,0.00012575106,0.0015608004,0.0003668648,0.0016822714,0.00021571189,0.00032601276,0.000038661095],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007648144,0.000033496475,0.0011023557,0.000024365252,0.00014212825,0.000003222756,0.5578817,0.00005482244,0.0037674455,0.4305922,0.0041477997,0.0021739912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005280411,0.000077349774,0.0035890301,0.000870558,0.00014558555,7.929955e-7,0.8559324,0.0013420134,0.00028352527,0.12923253,0.0074776304,0.00052056107],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036856875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017309671,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.382923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0062349285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043028843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999518},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7160095992","doi":"10.1353/esc.2022.a989012","title":"Digital Memory Agents in Canada: Performance, Representation, and Culture ed. by Matthew Cormier and Amanda Spallacci (review)","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English studies in Canada","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Digital culture; Cultural memory","score_opus":0.017279817456193728,"score_gpt":0.27888729504679666,"score_spread":0.26160747759060293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7160095992","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9016529,0.08748399,3.0015478e-8,0.0006710035,0.0006472676,0.00027535623,0.0000726616,0.0000071738955,0.009189673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9492982,0.046678014,0.0000021783453,0.0009735992,0.00007050585,0.000053646116,0.000028290038,0.0000041773255,0.0028913852],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989513,0.00007535332,0.00017658868,0.00018643875,0.0003906601,0.0002196265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970055,0.000046618792,0.000057741367,0.00006821262,0.00006678611,0.00006012217],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016190993,0.00008909455,0.00018143597,0.000014825219,0.0003570083,0.00001553419,0.00010319019,0.000012689243,0.00011316097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022392126,0.000076816366,0.0000091574975,0.00024240166,0.000062735744,0.00020449283,0.00012666662,0.00014414577,1.4519853e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000039354923,0.00000458879,0.11399798,0.00006488238,0.00001631018,0.000042174972,0.014396462,0.000025407951,2.6951915e-7,0.0000054069646,0.8670606,0.0043819495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000436446,0.000015193976,0.037969023,0.00011793294,0.000013435418,0.000004035154,0.34074295,0.000019703923,0.0000031180973,0.000011502435,0.62044185,0.00022482974],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99750245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998749,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32634646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022460083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001040781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58732337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7162040362","doi":"10.36829/63cts.v12i2.1785","title":"Improving the Large Language Models (LMMs) Systems for Underrepresent Languages","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Ciencia Tecnologí­a y Salud","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Scale AI","keywords":"Generative grammar; Indigenous; Knowledge base; Computational linguistics; Indigenous language; The Internet","score_opus":0.022467820025416658,"score_gpt":0.3160752349372846,"score_spread":0.293607414911868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7162040362","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44161013,0.26252395,0.12276482,0.015004905,0.010509313,0.011430868,0.00070428854,0.0015377654,0.13391396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9724342,0.0005988616,0.00010440245,0.0008379105,0.0009098472,0.0003133837,0.00003255165,0.000024293393,0.024744548],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959482,0.00047174576,0.0006233494,0.00089784607,0.0006580652,0.0014008159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99782467,0.00048104473,0.00036551146,0.00086869084,0.00031473648,0.00014531845],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021589207,0.00040722502,0.00048553053,0.00016912271,0.0025844474,0.000553886,0.0015214235,0.00053189934,0.00010433223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001131294,0.0002703493,0.00036898986,0.0012726646,0.0006394794,0.0006604376,0.00045232777,0.00047041252,0.000059668866],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016584316,0.00073993707,0.0007892795,0.00088361005,0.00058353663,0.00006914239,0.166628,0.002171543,0.027305944,0.65353864,0.06337283,0.08375168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017123711,0.00019197536,0.000845105,0.00035398192,0.000514298,0.000010493234,0.818559,0.13086346,0.001634494,0.005939815,0.038431317,0.0009437341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007702323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028379655,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6519309,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005255483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006572944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7162095187","doi":"10.33919/dasc.25.8.9","title":"Needle in a needle stack: How AI causes semiotic inflation which causes experiential devaluation","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Digital Age in Semiotics & Communication","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"Universitatea din București","keywords":"Semiotics; Sign (mathematics); Omnipresence; Experiential learning; Generative grammar; Natural (archaeology); Revenue; Devaluation","score_opus":0.02564727669711464,"score_gpt":0.329477729742942,"score_spread":0.30383045304582734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7162095187","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9673638,0.0031972327,0.00048810185,0.0048499876,0.00062949985,0.0014515889,0.000036574093,0.00012215076,0.021861115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951528,0.0010328812,0.00022194367,0.00028513736,0.00012835556,0.00007505459,0.00079031655,0.000026631566,0.002286906],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.995655,0.0010438508,0.0011351247,0.0006035418,0.000829065,0.0007333968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969265,0.0006316061,0.0004719323,0.0011063558,0.0007309911,0.00013264443],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012714708,0.00044888325,0.00055329717,0.0005616819,0.0007009405,0.0017811819,0.0010033351,0.0005784961,0.00006072925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026763002,0.00048581223,0.00014281379,0.003885184,0.0004247227,0.0037977553,0.0005357409,0.00080622395,0.0000437688],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005602927,0.004398216,0.20844623,0.00068258453,0.00034515728,0.00006110134,0.639865,0.01735499,0.0058541284,0.06663612,0.007368846,0.048427325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009092092,0.00058628066,0.28463286,0.008510641,0.0006090744,0.000012524868,0.48721963,0.09749233,0.004077021,0.06415316,0.039214272,0.0044001034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0054122075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07588312,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15264535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014920733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00054909213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7163428041","doi":"10.1353/crc.2023.a992066","title":"Divergence / Difference: Divergent or Merely Different?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian review of comparative literature","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Divergence (linguistics); Variation (astronomy); Sequence (biology); Subject (documents)","score_opus":0.052097496368312485,"score_gpt":0.3537468593197039,"score_spread":0.30164936295139144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7163428041","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5457051,0.3867127,0.0000166358,0.009706061,0.0020105524,0.0022576277,0.0010313785,0.00023191755,0.052328043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8922583,0.07886066,0.000022316712,0.0014036935,0.00021406186,0.000046703317,0.00026118674,0.0000065582735,0.02692653],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850523,0.00029295715,0.00025437685,0.00021787388,0.00034865527,0.0003809308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989349,0.000062506464,0.00011178421,0.00018864279,0.00029932728,0.00040284],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020344183,0.000161208,0.00038842272,0.00010095321,0.00038547462,0.000053708958,0.00036394608,0.00009123278,0.0018136393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014011412,0.00010042773,0.00013083001,0.0012996084,0.00014759197,0.00015645022,0.00003341125,0.00016945293,0.00016066559],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000047406233,0.00006950963,0.0110206725,0.0047614262,0.00019627184,0.00020077775,0.1442375,0.0000027249284,0.0005352002,0.12817498,0.69669473,0.014058785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020575154,0.00008410174,0.07460141,0.011529485,0.0000783997,0.0000029453756,0.0039407494,0.000020120893,0.00014090967,0.0010216067,0.90791947,0.00045502855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008096477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.12656942,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3465532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001409527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033498404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99909884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7164945671","doi":"10.1080/17153379.2014.12557063","title":"Mongolian Bling.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific Affairs","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"","score_opus":0.011177653854547677,"score_gpt":0.25623646459945176,"score_spread":0.2450588107449041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7164945671","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005792923,0.00008653521,0.00031147758,0.0007480571,0.00027808407,0.00006614778,8.921934e-7,0.00013881277,0.9925771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859112,0.000024438683,0.00015811577,0.000013724912,0.00051306846,0.0000050174335,0.000003843183,0.0000043470145,0.013366256],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993336,0.00008494777,0.00006951238,0.00011803637,0.00018560993,0.00020828686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999715,0.000025961654,0.000028712473,0.00010362991,0.000036809804,0.00008992784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029247714,0.000050771596,0.00006183731,0.00001998334,0.00031304182,0.000046729598,0.000109952045,0.00005864189,0.0004677446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014207939,0.000040943,0.000042183852,0.00015139648,0.00010283671,0.00012759306,0.000010955377,0.000055367294,0.00062363787],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019251687,0.00009400972,0.0023954872,0.000018875638,0.000027945232,0.000007889189,0.28437155,0.000021668206,0.0014148235,0.5001696,0.05655793,0.15490097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011851935,0.00001867687,0.00026223567,0.000008178049,0.0000071790837,6.24391e-7,0.6228023,0.0001270446,0.00010991795,0.0030367444,0.37337163,0.0001369366],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057702407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063405524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9801183,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000037262744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000020369544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8015811},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W73225464","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20010","title":"Abstracts of AAPA Poster and Podium Presentations","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Library science; Computer science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.015801548851034884,"score_gpt":0.3311114942662247,"score_spread":0.3153099454151898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W73225464","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882218,0.00015444928,0.000034087276,0.0062868902,0.00008516492,0.000027892149,0.0000021141398,0.0000036751107,0.005183881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99916947,0.0001406944,0.00008709984,0.00010480765,0.0003382966,2.9049653e-7,2.8415622e-7,0.0000024111177,0.00015667117],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941003,0.00011040504,0.000159947,0.00005409283,0.00014178049,0.00012372907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994057,0.00010223525,0.0002665886,0.000037439655,0.00011119932,0.000076835946],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000064818014,0.000043595737,0.0001747017,0.000030594478,0.00010693825,0.000007452713,0.00007979525,0.000017040305,0.00030745074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007407717,0.000030831605,0.0000602306,0.00012889403,0.0022009264,0.00015499369,0.000012447732,0.0000891854,0.000008484272],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018142813,0.0021692861,0.013496701,0.00002738134,0.00035945151,0.00013203599,0.35038534,0.000053436783,0.0785346,0.041093674,0.0116648665,0.5019018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031205455,0.013569035,0.31620255,0.00013002749,0.00056628813,0.0004515794,0.5774263,0.00024940202,0.024248395,0.01553575,0.047504697,0.0009954084],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001787926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014219922,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5009064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011126317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001703101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8109405},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W75486094","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-89933-4_14","title":"Local Methods for Supporting Grounded Communication in Robot Teams","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Studies in computational intelligence","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Robot; Set (abstract data type); Perspective (graphical); Engineering; Adversary; Construct (python library); Point (geometry); Human–computer interaction; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Computer security; Mathematics","score_opus":0.15096475517790225,"score_gpt":0.5095956956633045,"score_spread":0.3586309404854023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W75486094","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000028440403,0.017094072,0.70217294,0.0021798282,0.00048681055,0.0012828234,0.000010634722,0.00008328584,0.27666116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4065155,0.008811738,0.44893894,0.0012356943,0.0006207247,0.00025544828,0.0004328003,0.00006496267,0.1331242],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983488,0.00017759642,0.0006248571,0.00031095382,0.0002703086,0.00026749345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976842,0.0014695423,0.00028788135,0.00013061124,0.00039193974,0.00003584812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017200474,0.00018985149,0.00035662387,0.00013213344,0.00033749582,0.000033535183,0.00034050053,0.00019662414,0.000056556975],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059020764,0.00018384086,0.00010500972,0.00012365733,0.0006208086,0.00016402082,0.00009319571,0.0003125108,0.000015003683],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001349032,0.000017616516,0.000004575485,0.00002665672,0.000027430655,0.0000028159616,0.014763694,0.016222013,5.0453906e-7,0.5208755,0.00019052532,0.44785517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000079518424,0.0000460099,0.00005544627,0.00038536286,0.00001671663,0.0000016689618,0.018327795,0.0059719775,0.000006831237,0.9588686,0.015979411,0.00026062937],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006574498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006896992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44759455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00082962244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017410329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7496813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W76444556","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511486272.007","title":"The Tanzanian Rift Valley area","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":152,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Bantu languages; Language contact; Linguistics; Tanzania; Geography; Ethnology; History; Philosophy","score_opus":0.035933066062151554,"score_gpt":0.23837249411350328,"score_spread":0.20243942805135173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W76444556","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000068087014,0.00048661497,0.00010842149,0.00009005395,0.00036279642,0.0003378941,0.00004399417,0.00014060114,0.9983615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0015135473,0.0005122981,0.000017307722,0.00010028764,0.00041428977,3.2335083e-7,0.000018874098,0.000017763065,0.9974053],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99868655,0.000064405765,0.00012927574,0.00029290776,0.0004467031,0.00038017333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990161,0.00010448893,0.00016905484,0.00031995383,0.0002048818,0.0001855262],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031101017,0.00021355093,0.00018343252,0.00005100314,0.0016299512,0.00013421984,0.0006294786,0.00041463444,0.000017984743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000029059529,0.0001757019,0.00020681169,0.000011321633,0.00061533786,0.00014091024,0.0001496381,0.00039901934,0.000035549234],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031271593,0.0000025754366,8.533498e-7,0.0000051954994,0.00005276953,0.00012608741,0.00078843196,1.7626908e-7,0.000005276263,0.94520015,0.050030857,0.003756348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015803368,0.000015495554,0.000013468243,0.000046324538,0.00008938438,0.0000024442397,0.0013905655,0.000002151641,0.000012375097,0.00003679431,0.99798375,0.00024923476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028380132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011682572,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94795287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032516965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016748658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996698},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W791181702","doi":"","title":"The application of chordal graphs to inferring phylogenetic trees of languages","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Chordal graph; Phylogenetic tree; Computer science; Phylogenetics; Heuristic; Character (mathematics); Tree (set theory); Artificial intelligence; Theoretical computer science; Mathematics; Combinatorics; Graph; Biology","score_opus":0.01872989783443577,"score_gpt":0.2830561966316045,"score_spread":0.2643262987971687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W791181702","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924621,0.00082263345,0.000513353,0.00017027225,0.00010791853,0.00022890385,0.000004199704,0.000042789306,0.005647803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99849224,0.00019451513,0.00094223424,0.000043293305,0.00013606624,0.000016461814,0.0000028778804,0.000011115412,0.00016120389],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871075,0.00017285309,0.00034754662,0.00017878113,0.00031093278,0.00027914182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916655,0.000116642244,0.00022528373,0.00023245497,0.00017353469,0.00008553609],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007337409,0.000114124035,0.0001705933,0.00009528363,0.00046295353,0.000028624198,0.00042896922,0.00007514831,0.000013271064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023999275,0.000078712175,0.00011491285,0.00044647726,0.00019194154,0.00009131729,0.000047830716,0.000120988654,0.000009344621],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013816073,0.00020903943,0.048210796,0.000041254087,0.00014027541,0.000008120832,0.3194554,0.00009241013,0.44605395,0.085637495,0.00028764564,0.09972547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013564115,0.0009661232,0.26987866,0.00053225155,0.0003605152,0.000021667582,0.17527984,0.00030379748,0.50812656,0.022018034,0.019821363,0.0013348003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027547819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035195847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22166787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003281123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006494364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41644245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W845026497","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139061018","title":"The Science of Language","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":193,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Universality (dynamical systems); Morality; Linguistics; Cognitive science; Computer science; Psychology; Epistemology; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.016634303430684682,"score_gpt":0.23750644039280175,"score_spread":0.22087213696211708,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W845026497","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0010516526,0.0008716339,0.000006692505,0.000019848556,0.00029762575,0.0002128846,0.00003455207,0.000047011003,0.9974581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013477467,0.00011491731,0.0000111302725,0.000010129364,0.00028658417,2.9536045e-7,0.0000067775045,0.000006368759,0.9860863],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988323,0.00008605053,0.00008947791,0.00016734384,0.0004932888,0.00033157796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912375,0.000078910794,0.00017256703,0.0002836995,0.00021355516,0.00012753211],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005023289,0.000106512896,0.00013386023,0.00005198448,0.0011343852,0.00004673291,0.0008370013,0.00014785996,0.0000040408095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000064771586,0.00008258242,0.000099524936,0.00003590301,0.002116917,0.00017026631,0.00020427215,0.00019257542,0.000009544326],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011565367,0.0000042677902,7.0277395e-7,0.000014163912,0.000016540536,0.0000091338925,0.0050209966,9.936734e-8,0.0002788016,0.92666924,0.06555845,0.0024160265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008484538,0.000008148229,0.000018430615,0.00003550646,0.00005993946,7.464127e-7,0.004958443,0.0000012128207,0.00054059125,0.0000041459534,0.9941658,0.00012221129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021743544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006752023,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92860734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004060935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007887644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8724889},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W97916835","doi":"","title":"Coordination Data as Evidence of Configurationality in Nakoda","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.08979073676325831,"score_gpt":0.4272708204534516,"score_spread":0.3374800836901933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W97916835","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9285007,0.000057437348,0.000039536433,0.0041615563,0.00012813008,0.00010457039,0.0000029820376,0.000015604728,0.06698947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973655,0.000010885248,0.0001494204,0.000081095786,0.000065102126,0.0000017163795,0.000016848455,6.6829097e-7,0.002308786],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951804,0.00005522101,0.00009366404,0.000089019726,0.00018468076,0.00005935682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996315,0.000082191254,0.00003720879,0.00013953443,0.00008928937,0.000020273592],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00068527047,0.000021503693,0.00003913357,0.00001271751,0.00005884949,0.000015482117,0.00020539493,0.000041399308,0.0015685766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012756649,0.000016808246,0.000007631764,0.00013634686,0.000083215644,0.0006411484,0.000024601492,0.000054979082,0.000031097927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001598986,0.00006195115,0.022520931,0.000012541872,0.000003967358,0.0000014802737,0.00904606,0.0000015238422,0.0917324,0.8613329,0.004628115,0.010642126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013531088,0.00015383484,0.69217455,0.00025977564,0.000043016018,0.000006088082,0.05841825,0.0040466273,0.028040798,0.074379295,0.14031166,0.0008129938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.034888443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.118297435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7869536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000013530275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011084486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993441},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}