{"meta":{"query_hash":"ac75c51ae9d5","filters":{"topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization"},"cohort_total":569,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":569,"exported":569,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/ac75c51ae9d5","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Local+Government+Finance+and+Decentralization"},"results":[{"id":"W1073759884","doi":"10.4324/9781315701080","title":"Revitalizing the City: Strategies to Contain Sprawl and Revive the Core","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Urban sprawl; Core (optical fiber); Geography; Political science; Computer science; Engineering; Urban planning; Civil engineering; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.04532982889099853,"score_gpt":0.3207712414568321,"score_spread":0.2754414125658336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1073759884","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00011646375,0.0018533146,0.0012839729,0.011571022,0.00021837595,0.00082310947,0.000018165332,0.0000380274,0.9840776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008672673,0.007417641,0.00001874528,0.0040655313,0.0005936266,0.000022879409,0.000004962787,0.000012781052,0.9791912],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987923,0.0000883007,0.00017663695,0.00021548917,0.00049336225,0.00023391974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920356,0.0003052435,0.00013660711,0.00021885148,0.00007617351,0.00005954397],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070428266,0.00013928226,0.00017923255,0.000013705719,0.0005927719,0.00029354938,0.0003082961,0.00013667071,0.00034729537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019102874,0.000060996572,0.000055443663,0.00007629351,0.00034325573,0.00018040324,0.000089220375,0.00010675314,0.00006002148],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000049885443,0.0000017793424,0.00014644551,0.000008984769,0.000012160513,0.0000012962205,0.0027262473,1.4614656e-7,0.0000017419159,0.77707744,0.21556802,0.004450773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000052800166,0.000021688134,0.0001839101,0.00025277247,0.000028007918,3.250852e-7,0.0046999212,4.726018e-7,0.000002255431,0.044513986,0.9501262,0.00011769706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005622118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036461828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73455817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019082594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004189912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4559182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W127894536","doi":"10.4000/interventionseconomiques.2308","title":"La Gouvernance de la fourniture des services de base aux populations en Afrique au sud du Sahara : Un cadre analytique","year":2014,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Interventions économiques","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Centralisation; Art","score_opus":0.027321350463483284,"score_gpt":0.3188838933086543,"score_spread":0.291562542845171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W127894536","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8738035,0.0017308716,0.1037876,0.007637158,0.00042233034,0.00023311736,0.000117783275,0.000121730016,0.0121459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98801327,0.0028157588,0.002861778,0.00038008395,0.00059377117,0.000058800866,0.00003559508,0.000031207797,0.005209715],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99629915,0.0021974395,0.0005277441,0.0003348486,0.0001273984,0.0005134125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860173,0.00044741505,0.00035863847,0.0002443511,0.00013223682,0.00021563887],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020450929,0.00024461225,0.00027996334,0.000087075234,0.00063352956,0.0003313639,0.00042020806,0.00046948594,0.00079985725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041782047,0.0002746378,0.00044825027,0.00030256188,0.0005782541,0.00097420765,0.00009476198,0.00030773127,0.000053108128],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016052256,0.000383385,0.46560514,0.00032298054,0.00008567101,0.000014457655,0.013372648,0.001361057,0.000025368545,0.4947444,0.0017031494,0.022365713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005352154,0.00013222915,0.59890777,0.002517169,0.00021712913,0.000027540078,0.003309282,0.010198076,0.0005178695,0.16560023,0.21756108,0.00047639225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.039288905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.10440404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32914415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001713432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040606412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1484108995","doi":"","title":"El finançament dels governs subcentrals en els països federals","year":2006,"lang":"ca","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidy; Decentralization; Autonomy; Statute; Catalan; Government (linguistics); Purchasing power; Central government; Inflation (cosmology); Finance; State (computer science); Public economics; Economics; Business; Public administration; Local government; Political science; Market economy; Humanities; Macroeconomics; Law","score_opus":0.16930588932460064,"score_gpt":0.5459587919293357,"score_spread":0.37665290260473505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1484108995","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8906278,0.038902853,0.0021239503,0.0023621991,0.0030656238,0.0023916932,0.00048262093,0.00009751326,0.059945762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91530293,0.07425516,0.00008939489,0.00093869277,0.0010720305,0.000056317607,0.000047839017,0.00008365268,0.008153978],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99062,0.0011238916,0.0022264475,0.0010426304,0.0034158118,0.0015712269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99507695,0.0006221046,0.0025582744,0.00070132717,0.0004860537,0.0005552715],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029208267,0.00077030656,0.0014974761,0.00035617978,0.0012963926,0.004836785,0.0042058784,0.00049959216,0.022476066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005201937,0.0007511453,0.0006124203,0.0019317353,0.00042195374,0.0055698184,0.0010757792,0.0005803479,0.00019203013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032796903,0.00161613,0.65511984,0.0001773714,0.000292676,0.0001167344,0.0016698804,0.001301269,0.015030989,0.013909385,0.29572836,0.014709405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014615584,0.00003992498,0.73917055,0.0010434083,0.00029364033,0.0000057078014,0.0008052227,0.00014906198,0.021399967,0.036540635,0.19782232,0.0012680317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021721186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015269791,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09790603,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013289177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007324692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99949396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1485943288","doi":"10.7202/012348ar","title":"The Economics of Affirmative Action, edited by Harry J. Holzer and David Neumark, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2004, 688 pp., ISBN 1-84376-117-3.","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Relations industrielles","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Affirmative action; Law and economics; Sociology; Anthropology","score_opus":0.01908992849507954,"score_gpt":0.2643255291380596,"score_spread":0.24523560064298008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1485943288","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7768422,0.009762217,0.0046732803,0.12835522,0.0016718223,0.0016501595,0.00032508312,0.000211291,0.076508746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.958259,0.020391455,0.00015853823,0.00022590571,0.0005086082,0.000024160421,0.000059825856,0.000017652765,0.020354867],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988698,0.00011780622,0.0003493054,0.00018265075,0.0002379466,0.00024253549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906886,0.00030747612,0.00026560455,0.00016521213,0.00010700879,0.00008583172],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038640064,0.000116012445,0.00013367378,0.00003526228,0.0008450276,0.000092806345,0.00015423186,0.000265076,0.00017497853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032310354,0.0000999869,0.000044793665,0.00033046602,0.00037499855,0.00057094917,0.000034631816,0.00023285275,0.000041957446],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045647983,0.00015458664,0.008894647,0.0000026973012,0.00008244681,3.0529128e-7,0.0076034814,0.0021953653,0.00012568539,0.033706836,0.86556524,0.081623055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002936273,0.000023646662,0.0018150695,0.000018420486,0.000027025599,5.3189234e-7,0.004059656,0.00085640897,0.0010326314,0.00046259625,0.99128133,0.00012903934],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003332582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031268143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18141681,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019467203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022120329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6499355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1488060018","doi":"10.1111/capa.12117","title":"The International Handbook of Public Financial Management<i>Edited by</i>RichardAllen, RichardHemming, <i>and</i>Barry H.Potter. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. <i>Pp</i>. xiii, 850, name index, subject index.","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Subject (documents); Index (typography); Christian ministry; Citation; Library science; Political science; Media studies; Management; Sociology; Law; Economics; Computer science","score_opus":0.028707501928220688,"score_gpt":0.2511217880896743,"score_spread":0.2224142861614536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1488060018","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10149003,0.02859317,0.07735127,0.5833655,0.01695798,0.006825086,0.0014165756,0.00072577264,0.18327461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99242765,0.0020982544,0.00008262612,0.0016252035,0.0005448791,0.00004267449,0.0002936198,0.00002088358,0.0028642067],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997118,0.00015168094,0.0005044512,0.00040394155,0.0011012424,0.00072066137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979402,0.000073220464,0.00034412197,0.0002839634,0.00033347483,0.0010250292],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010917252,0.0002273432,0.00020552335,0.00016785893,0.00064158946,0.0006401916,0.0006564225,0.00024465084,0.00015565478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005793196,0.00021633618,0.00007147159,0.0005621173,0.00033576041,0.00029491316,0.00006539342,0.00018539217,0.000026226428],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057602472,0.000028819195,0.046326607,0.000013194525,0.00007211102,0.000017202217,0.0011553931,0.0000013812307,0.000014648209,0.20112692,0.7191346,0.032051478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00085748767,0.000079950594,0.0029415323,0.000026443127,0.000017934395,0.0000036788765,0.0012625101,0.00020410231,0.00005923927,0.004973967,0.98931235,0.00026082544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015962338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4137404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8909376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063148275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0037510896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99059045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1488195440","doi":"10.1111/pbaf.12026","title":"The Flypaper and Asymmetric Effects of Intergovernmental Grants to Quebec Municipalities","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Budgeting &amp Finance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; École Nationale d'Administration Publique; Department of National Defence","funders":"","keywords":"Public economics; Panel data; Business; Economics; Econometrics","score_opus":0.00883454047401827,"score_gpt":0.2512367402214746,"score_spread":0.2424021997474563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1488195440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97776544,0.0007096321,0.002030024,0.0037524889,0.000528893,0.0002908128,0.0000036271038,0.00004072563,0.014878358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926173,0.0006659675,0.0002311441,0.00046042755,0.0000944598,0.000026335749,0.0000015904895,0.000009299689,0.0058934665],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984405,0.00021116126,0.00022662386,0.00020404167,0.00052785716,0.00038982197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987683,0.000738311,0.00015509658,0.00019947682,0.000066223656,0.0000725709],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010134163,0.00010353394,0.00015205215,0.000041138443,0.00053901365,0.00015472424,0.00030179782,0.000059874146,0.0000052712858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0034123422,0.00008190832,0.000040074556,0.0005025235,0.00025002597,0.00024487262,0.00012225847,0.000077042394,0.000013298094],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000382343,0.00009949294,0.043423813,0.000089886424,0.000021317683,9.552144e-7,0.014251332,0.00001101906,0.00023373014,0.57847804,0.0045790225,0.35877314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003446454,0.00006216177,0.08699512,0.00010526559,0.000008396227,5.0949444e-7,0.001732989,0.000086151354,0.0005774387,0.001007357,0.9088962,0.00018374158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009666322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019911299,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9043172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014052965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000055581553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979728},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1490701699","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781107280847.011","title":"Social Welfare and Coercion in Public Finance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Coercion (linguistics); Social Welfare; Public welfare; Public economics; Economics; Political science; Law; Philosophy","score_opus":0.027770167899854915,"score_gpt":0.22363966367384838,"score_spread":0.19586949577399346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1490701699","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006872591,0.000060899736,0.00023520242,0.0007084926,0.0001064861,0.00025269273,0.000039683368,0.000047434245,0.99786186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.18742871,0.0004404395,0.000008082355,0.00007092649,0.00010565105,4.5703712e-7,0.00001953722,0.000012796595,0.8119134],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891865,0.000062855244,0.000119505414,0.00031270832,0.00032216017,0.0002641271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956214,0.00002474778,0.00015308226,0.00011901442,0.00007227227,0.00006876199],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015997612,0.00016208223,0.00023295985,0.00008172483,0.0004892093,0.00006342945,0.00022461041,0.0003697742,0.0000056138592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017602086,0.0002075101,0.00006168493,0.0000141751625,0.0003603999,0.00012186376,0.00012370473,0.00020852454,0.0000037854281],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000203384,0.0000043851182,0.000053816984,0.000019239824,0.000007154987,0.000025316207,0.00033147074,3.1047568e-7,4.904977e-7,0.9841303,0.010686519,0.004720614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036681438,0.000013453691,0.00047175575,0.000040242783,0.000021280232,3.593305e-7,0.0001318602,0.000017956147,0.0000029348682,0.000063959356,0.9986446,0.00022476427],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005920664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021194606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9879581,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032958153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000093273404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8462016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1492070140","doi":"","title":"Secession as Revolution","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Homo Oeconomicus","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Secession; Converse; Mistake; Polarization (electrochemistry); Political science; Political economy; Politics; Economics; Positive economics; Law and economics; Law; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.009638034034881643,"score_gpt":0.27806716538746373,"score_spread":0.26842913135258206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1492070140","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8194488,0.000166872,0.0015606135,0.0022660398,0.00053694757,0.00014689293,0.0000026402083,0.000081001555,0.17579018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964866,0.00046436794,0.00012315196,0.00038424227,0.00021167041,0.000005566336,0.000005134536,0.0000049225423,0.0023143631],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99945366,0.000021615373,0.0001107905,0.00013333095,0.0001014526,0.00017912452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997688,0.000009650019,0.000059531398,0.00008302227,0.000014942447,0.000064078326],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000145987,0.00004918465,0.00006448569,0.000017973993,0.00024606465,0.00004251923,0.000089334775,0.000063825704,0.00042431284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040333107,0.00004989903,0.000032199197,0.000067759785,0.000060004062,0.00030489382,0.000014438049,0.000036957263,0.0011924923],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003280443,0.00010688374,0.010294665,0.000007142306,0.000008225767,0.0000066975385,0.0052850605,0.00102745,0.0003460511,0.95533115,0.0061934465,0.021360397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011637529,0.0000757553,0.022398444,0.0000499256,0.00001241439,0.0000022307845,0.0022865906,0.00003889516,0.0031524969,0.10250115,0.868003,0.00031533718],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022158546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010677006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86180955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042204783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014036855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995852},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W149383225","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1529322","title":"The Spending Power in Federal Countries","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Business","score_opus":0.006379187588763531,"score_gpt":0.2724770934052821,"score_spread":0.26609790581651854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W149383225","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89323646,0.0060711657,0.0039975666,0.026419092,0.00073248165,0.00024583773,5.8942913e-7,0.000042375297,0.06925445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98181534,0.015134695,0.0000042082256,0.00025521105,0.00014985162,4.928964e-7,2.1907039e-7,0.0000027440733,0.002637244],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.997933,0.00007878071,0.00014138999,0.00006973144,0.0003723101,0.001404804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978954,0.000038435875,0.000071426104,0.000045383556,0.000022081635,0.00003313681],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017685184,0.00005213268,0.000059147416,0.00002113895,0.0009098276,0.00021585793,0.00017584402,0.000038856244,0.00003190942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009024438,0.000037144568,0.00003407717,0.0001477032,0.000055395263,0.00027155285,0.0000054289617,0.0004586214,0.000019473273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029706784,0.000012905379,0.017880121,1.0545822e-7,0.00000397633,0.000001886049,0.0009841843,0.000009275827,0.0000045808197,0.97433525,0.00023008545,0.0065078917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047426773,0.0001648864,0.038011882,0.000016240818,0.0000031299865,0.000016876887,0.0140432,0.000014851112,0.000026573583,0.81430185,0.13279258,0.00013369003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016001408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010122912,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16003345,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012869542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008833963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69977504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1495854080","doi":"","title":"Fiscal arrangements and inter-governmental relations in three federations: Nigeria, Pakistan and Canada","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nigerian journal of international affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Development economics; Political economy; Economic system; Economics","score_opus":0.007422028200282954,"score_gpt":0.26281476811621185,"score_spread":0.2553927399159289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1495854080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95306057,0.000177874,0.009613875,0.005294419,0.0011366039,0.0001392662,0.000020818767,0.0000055774076,0.030551005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986216,0.00014814717,0.00042467064,0.00016260085,0.00019706105,0.0000011879113,0.0000039864585,0.0000054640327,0.00043527735],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986211,0.000038106424,0.0004313647,0.00010616168,0.0006387983,0.00016446564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994311,0.00009507443,0.00023445339,0.000038472175,0.00008865117,0.000112257825],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063071965,0.000078400684,0.000113751266,0.00007683878,0.0001671917,0.000113763446,0.00012273593,0.000047953006,0.00018523204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017417384,0.00007732698,0.000026032098,0.0000855118,0.000091839225,0.00045564267,0.000027815364,0.000115169125,0.0000010872742],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001338298,0.00007283237,0.97063684,0.0000035486798,0.00004528622,0.0000718855,0.0036287787,0.000017143477,0.00019611002,0.018651806,0.002596447,0.0039454987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023239104,0.00015266397,0.80655575,0.00022301172,0.000018050501,0.00004892067,0.107144736,0.0001607679,0.00026972435,0.004380631,0.07838839,0.0003334398],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04193575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8829836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8410478,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009963212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019535825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9644441},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1497433141","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.467304","title":"Forming Stable Coalitions: The Process Matters","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Process management; Business; Law and economics; Political science; Computer science; Economics","score_opus":0.009504913907177486,"score_gpt":0.2755357555743872,"score_spread":0.2660308416672097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1497433141","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4299011,0.013466155,0.30252355,0.064267404,0.0020566967,0.0015762751,0.000008772817,0.00022773295,0.18597232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98953223,0.0039642886,0.000018851873,0.0009862966,0.00011592951,0.000007109029,7.425642e-7,0.0000068231975,0.0053677205],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979835,0.00012255681,0.00013009102,0.0000765912,0.00038600882,0.0013012178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997152,0.000034252844,0.0000926584,0.00006071123,0.00005589111,0.000041249485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017865474,0.000055693316,0.000056513036,0.000017788676,0.0010455108,0.00010691534,0.00016256166,0.000033323086,0.00010581937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012383178,0.000039300216,0.000039617396,0.00022022364,0.00006742327,0.0003834696,0.0000041145922,0.00039452387,0.000023039061],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004463715,0.000020303729,0.0027729354,0.0000015762301,0.000013534751,4.2106427e-7,0.0018234311,0.00005001885,0.000006282577,0.99310726,0.00089866703,0.0013010892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024600458,0.000037160284,0.00012107397,0.000014219287,0.000016547805,0.000027446922,0.048883777,0.000014443911,0.00011612554,0.71167254,0.23875116,0.000099492354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001803302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020244177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5596311,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007226217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017810755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8041329},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1498150775","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Australia: Will Williams v. Commonwealth Be a Pyrrhic Victory?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Commonwealth; Publishing; Project commissioning; Political science; Index (typography); Law; Per capita; Federalism; Economic history; Geography; Economics; Sociology; Politics; Demography","score_opus":0.016066758371265533,"score_gpt":0.2937709650850061,"score_spread":0.2777042067137406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1498150775","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96831226,0.00047730646,0.008128644,0.016131604,0.0005965673,0.00026324982,0.000002758907,0.00005813428,0.0060294606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894865,0.003451836,0.00002612581,0.00073713285,0.00048027904,0.0000046576442,0.000004574272,0.000014443688,0.00579442],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99608094,0.00037499788,0.00033855997,0.00020394739,0.000660828,0.002340745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994323,0.00006315774,0.00018150543,0.00012247878,0.000044629924,0.00015591194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002680809,0.00014380674,0.00021209786,0.000071513896,0.0005330025,0.00013415872,0.000320593,0.0001585937,0.00010532422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014335728,0.00013407909,0.00008772668,0.00032215755,0.00012340247,0.0005355143,0.000023587652,0.001171068,0.00003043983],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040226823,0.00012305817,0.07302343,0.0000055016035,0.00002323606,0.000004212934,0.0027878378,0.000111745285,0.000031631844,0.9169457,0.0016197772,0.00528366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024787227,0.0005622962,0.02703435,0.000097400225,0.000033368826,0.000045100733,0.0065366705,0.00039539786,0.00004946862,0.5672038,0.3949523,0.00061110157],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038129995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.068976596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3933325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020169804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00094311876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9480122},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1500757150","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.619022","title":"Incentives and Anonymity Principle: Crowding Out Toward Users","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Anonymity; Incentive; Internet privacy; Crowding; Business; Computer security; Crowding out; Law and economics; Computer science; Economics; Psychology; Microeconomics; Monetary economics; Cognitive psychology","score_opus":0.016268727644467112,"score_gpt":0.2991015202866269,"score_spread":0.28283279264215977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1500757150","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.967416,0.0013319856,0.02458769,0.0021712761,0.00025702012,0.00013206432,9.94536e-7,0.000035556044,0.0040674047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98277897,0.015965631,0.00008878458,0.00011814891,0.00019928123,0.0000012886165,6.920053e-7,0.0000068997747,0.0008402799],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99801356,0.000065108135,0.00014712,0.00013792673,0.00037090803,0.0012653945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969196,0.000018538933,0.000103323764,0.000050964532,0.000043646607,0.00009153839],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001096682,0.00008078841,0.00009577736,0.000032063865,0.0005435109,0.00012164492,0.00013805089,0.00006297306,0.000017655759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014583996,0.00007475263,0.000041941737,0.00012997334,0.00012403782,0.000486975,0.000027621383,0.00046137758,0.000010861343],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003832202,0.00004613217,0.048312955,0.0000033561869,0.00003175916,0.000004551719,0.0058536977,0.000047091857,0.00010917931,0.9371949,0.000019734573,0.0083383415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00292016,0.00045555228,0.03940975,0.00009905885,0.000062663494,0.000062058636,0.03554344,0.000022781025,0.0007614818,0.8567662,0.063335985,0.00056083733],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026870077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042448416,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08042865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001566213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016281545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4180301},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1503691749","doi":"","title":"Does Diversity Always Lead to Decentralization and Difference","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Federalism; Multinational corporation; Political science; Autonomy; Argument (complex analysis); Government (linguistics); Public administration; Diversity (politics); Economic system; Economics; Politics","score_opus":0.009104220227560692,"score_gpt":0.25210484871487115,"score_spread":0.24300062848731047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1503691749","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90359366,0.00039875234,0.08439348,0.009277197,0.0002663169,0.00018248775,0.0000015904735,0.00004523248,0.001841268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866464,0.0107164625,0.000044474684,0.0006564128,0.0001491634,4.0652577e-7,0.0000010823742,0.0000028091235,0.0017827513],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982268,0.00006603779,0.00010763935,0.00013303575,0.00037593138,0.0010905406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970394,0.000015918073,0.00006222274,0.00005251653,0.000052506475,0.000112888374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055031135,0.00007237063,0.00008310089,0.000034690613,0.0008982853,0.00008825961,0.00015610347,0.000051284154,0.000018914365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010247542,0.00005092786,0.000027128672,0.00018468959,0.000039701616,0.00024250985,0.000033143908,0.0002383501,0.000008060725],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000458856,0.000059649457,0.10598038,0.0000012748899,0.000013222459,0.0000016759681,0.005019563,0.00001976547,0.0002024923,0.7794474,0.00026135365,0.10894734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00069046416,0.00042029575,0.19762619,0.00003526838,0.000040080147,0.000009043255,0.008077275,0.000082010614,0.00024089868,0.7786402,0.013805646,0.00033263036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031278358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046667736,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.10861471,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006565961,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034901153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6908975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1509769507","doi":"10.1016/s1574-0080(04)80011-7","title":"Chapter 54 Urban political economics","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Handbook of regional and urban economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Voting; Politics; Public good; Public economics; Economics; Welfare; Local government; Government (linguistics); Private good; Voting behavior; Economic system; Political economy; Political science; Public administration; Microeconomics; Market economy","score_opus":0.026107807853297745,"score_gpt":0.22119441726430547,"score_spread":0.19508660941100772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1509769507","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.004028853,0.0042214007,0.00017506692,0.0025557037,0.0004584282,0.0004203069,0.00017661108,0.000041793115,0.98792183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12783968,0.11541386,0.000684315,0.0043251514,0.0034619097,0.000016856462,0.00022937455,0.00017050985,0.74785835],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99870676,0.000008229938,0.00042809924,0.00038086972,0.000121886755,0.00035415916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991272,0.00006170097,0.00032442805,0.00018452587,0.000054309985,0.0002478482],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012573261,0.00026005303,0.0004303844,0.00007614172,0.00017951103,0.000054060773,0.00018332126,0.00038146446,0.0004230252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009470544,0.00028453668,0.0001852709,0.000008178752,0.0007817683,0.00019335614,0.000058339254,0.0001458625,0.00005247826],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035779496,0.000014261808,0.000560269,0.000018554912,0.00004449613,0.0000017270168,0.0004317804,0.00000963352,4.4664276e-7,0.9954576,0.0023542556,0.0010712213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037629483,0.00005779491,0.000093062255,0.00018363055,0.000041146694,0.0000028863133,0.000048368944,0.000017474247,0.00002363737,0.27171782,0.7271438,0.0002940587],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022039995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002780259,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72478956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037797238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035061696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1510056275","doi":"","title":"Local Taxes and Local Expenditures: Strengthening the Wicksellian Connection","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ScholarWorks - Georgia State University (Georgia State University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Korea Institute of Public Finance; United Nations Development Programme; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Revenue; Incentive; Public finance; Accountability; Economics; Local government; Business; Local economic development; Finance; Public economics; Market economy; Macroeconomics; Political science; Economic growth; Public administration","score_opus":0.01117930784862358,"score_gpt":0.21564500510690343,"score_spread":0.20446569725827984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1510056275","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71632856,0.0007352551,0.24853422,0.0030532863,0.0018869074,0.0026151177,0.0010286458,0.00074291695,0.02507511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92978996,0.0093724355,0.0003692673,0.00018972618,0.00014309722,0.0000013569562,0.0002520445,0.00006383715,0.059818268],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9946855,0.0012596578,0.00041050013,0.0012849586,0.0011465816,0.0012128196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971832,0.00039666344,0.00070061005,0.00069548626,0.00041208183,0.0006119397],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00086074165,0.0007024823,0.00062295666,0.000536848,0.0033894542,0.0007251756,0.0014373763,0.00078905385,0.0005192772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007067897,0.0007378271,0.0002888317,0.0009010118,0.0023561888,0.002034395,0.0014209474,0.002187648,0.00010898895],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004436858,0.0012684711,0.023221841,0.00081115763,0.0030174914,0.0035395094,0.22514585,0.18516959,0.00012152788,0.29771098,0.038431335,0.21712539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023080627,0.00012730726,0.0029284952,0.0004041028,0.0003690056,0.0000056844415,0.11679396,0.0032556474,0.00013587109,0.0058294777,0.86647266,0.0013697409],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02378724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011648682,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8280413,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028264988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013995381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99950725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1511257165","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2153740","title":"The Topsy-Turvy Sharing of the Gaming Tax Field in Canada, 1970-2010: Provincial Payments, Federal Withdrawal","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital; Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Payment; Business; Finance","score_opus":0.006504883218437075,"score_gpt":0.22973566860831118,"score_spread":0.22323078538987412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1511257165","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917328,0.0010796613,0.00036477903,0.0027928303,0.0009228663,0.0001819521,0.0000013877537,0.00000391414,0.0029198315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99596965,0.0008123665,0.000003675579,0.0001845364,0.00037800876,0.0000034084337,3.0513542e-7,0.000005429868,0.0026426099],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975208,0.00010456348,0.0002325486,0.00008138359,0.0005737502,0.0014869625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995616,0.00006407018,0.0001915013,0.000097677344,0.00003162842,0.00005349285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013784979,0.000074668445,0.00008934282,0.000012717892,0.0007461671,0.000057934103,0.0003749802,0.00004486735,0.000019399506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017480587,0.000045589386,0.00004715071,0.00017028884,0.00004696039,0.00024960772,0.000050223236,0.0006294963,9.2192244e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036646714,0.000030200506,0.8273881,0.000002399718,0.000022373244,6.6430334e-7,0.0020338595,0.000025527952,0.000058859492,0.15413138,0.0006486772,0.015621272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020134025,0.00025168638,0.8184317,0.0001859656,0.000061977014,0.000060002607,0.05402504,0.00030876318,0.0023150728,0.06365894,0.058002796,0.00068469456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.74981296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9916692,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24185625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026893492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005426879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9627051},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1514038019","doi":"","title":"City and country","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Blackwell eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Urban sprawl; Economic geography; Urban economics; Economics; Economy; Economies of agglomeration; Geography; Land use; Economic growth","score_opus":0.017662989396542886,"score_gpt":0.25974032522181967,"score_spread":0.2420773358252768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1514038019","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00018763886,0.0003136856,0.00014275113,0.000059891703,0.00026631675,0.00028111564,0.000020649146,0.00007487348,0.99865305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0014032465,0.0020118218,0.000020473231,0.0006184176,0.0006591041,0.000005296659,0.000024964203,0.000021094944,0.99523556],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986948,0.000040443007,0.0001736871,0.0002720437,0.00053024513,0.00028880546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994902,0.000050684775,0.00013600745,0.00015898187,0.000045725734,0.00011837424],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023009103,0.00016379383,0.00020199156,0.000031070154,0.0002761071,0.00009969716,0.00015037305,0.0003749655,0.00041684846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034235138,0.00016947325,0.000046415265,0.000026044729,0.0003880583,0.0000553859,0.00004717605,0.00017056186,0.00009355471],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019833933,0.00001718069,0.00070196536,0.000042851156,0.000024581921,0.000033827157,0.0021275235,6.4134554e-7,0.0000015739225,0.47843435,0.5043108,0.0142848855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014603566,0.00001559471,0.00007920563,0.0000641048,0.000029305811,8.695463e-7,0.000088965644,0.0000037298535,0.000005395987,0.028490331,0.97087634,0.00020009514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036835516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013825083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.46656558,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027142075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049151795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69109184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1518205742","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1007699","title":"Why is Law Enforcement Decentralized?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bureau de Coopération Interuniversitaire","funders":"","keywords":"Law enforcement; Law; Enforcement; Business; Political science","score_opus":0.010123939795007,"score_gpt":0.2874272551927652,"score_spread":0.2773033153977582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1518205742","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08329068,0.007125736,0.3902211,0.014923186,0.0020272646,0.0007260555,0.000005178194,0.00019414,0.50148666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9759163,0.0141280275,0.000063350664,0.0064134076,0.0003682453,0.0000011908066,0.000002005022,0.000011303396,0.0030961235],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99612635,0.00005639878,0.00026289502,0.00013895442,0.00074056914,0.0026748052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951476,0.00003042005,0.00013475312,0.00009206664,0.00007675478,0.00015126557],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026011535,0.000100749414,0.000105717256,0.000036419537,0.00068434124,0.00009919197,0.00023678393,0.000085953456,0.00058114604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000039538663,0.000093042196,0.00009316085,0.00023130924,0.000106783926,0.00034385172,0.000016891183,0.0005042187,0.00005580223],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034980116,0.000038333186,0.0016589406,9.5362583e-7,0.00002843664,0.0000027089764,0.00154608,0.0000052023984,0.000027659024,0.9838538,0.0041321614,0.008670746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041152592,0.0000753965,0.00009353782,0.000008186228,0.000015007306,0.000010018544,0.004655626,0.000005594987,0.00039379156,0.18601635,0.8082,0.000114952185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004252009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03703252,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8926257,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019341717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008827054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98053914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1520121489","doi":"","title":"Fiscal decentralization and local tax effort","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Devolution (biology); Decentralization; Economics; Public economics; Population; Incentive; Labour economics; Economic policy; Market economy; Geography","score_opus":0.029819387766320923,"score_gpt":0.32933177928923024,"score_spread":0.2995123915229093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1520121489","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6883245,0.0011417331,0.0012214578,0.0020704588,0.0018405457,0.002255678,0.00008979181,0.00011798265,0.30293784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9620626,0.035157155,0.00014528602,0.00009191987,0.0003563074,0.00006679417,0.00006803604,0.000026586751,0.0020253237],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997528,0.0002545881,0.00037824077,0.0005049751,0.00047307718,0.0008610886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906474,0.00015899003,0.00013049484,0.00031111352,0.00006306633,0.0002715862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017342246,0.0001781395,0.0002792333,0.00013320503,0.00031040795,0.00018390188,0.00031697977,0.00051509106,0.00016546514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027823533,0.00019785238,0.00006665742,0.00013448371,0.0006473478,0.00023075053,0.00044930173,0.00060126017,0.000012385215],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010096984,0.0002462851,0.36078587,0.00015927685,0.000046480236,0.000012355006,0.005959159,0.004321805,0.000009778089,0.041538,0.0007910293,0.586029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013151608,0.000085446074,0.19797295,0.00042318236,0.000036059708,0.000003869096,0.0067093167,0.015526318,0.00018469102,0.012796335,0.7637675,0.0011792067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00091200037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035019442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7629764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013096691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040878632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8068186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1521956611","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1685905","title":"Decentralisation in Africa and Fiscal Competition: Evidence from Benin","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Université du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Fiscal federalism; Jurisdiction; Poverty; Economics; Democracy; Federalism; Competition (biology); Autonomy; Economic system; Political science; Development economics; Economic growth; Politics; Market economy","score_opus":0.015905966879508404,"score_gpt":0.2651677086087232,"score_spread":0.24926174172921478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1521956611","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880882,0.0011761734,0.004585205,0.0044063404,0.00028043197,0.00009370084,0.0000018007363,0.000015060542,0.0013530873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894539,0.009832958,0.00011170414,0.00005103764,0.0002989755,0.000002147367,0.0000026337664,0.000004258552,0.0002423511],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836695,0.0001045528,0.0001593707,0.00012739236,0.00033614002,0.0009055813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996672,0.000095917196,0.00008025848,0.000055935743,0.000030140405,0.000070519294],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001117508,0.000062150786,0.00007990568,0.00003324414,0.00024015857,0.00009523216,0.0001238424,0.00007978627,0.0001474499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023484745,0.000059600556,0.000023979974,0.0001610197,0.00009128974,0.0005004515,0.000013292774,0.0007100412,0.000010259703],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046137895,0.000051933013,0.21855426,0.0000013146872,0.000010144133,0.0000032690966,0.0059989924,0.000014177162,0.0012211176,0.7591651,0.0001571733,0.0147764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010237164,0.00013986099,0.21992865,0.000107201915,0.000027218146,0.000020691883,0.009139451,0.00037114802,0.00026659857,0.7392112,0.029457558,0.0003067086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014352767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.068405904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06697063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004070654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059058954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94859326},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1523823574","doi":"10.53383/100034","title":"International Real Estate Review","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Real Estate Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Real estate; Government (linguistics); Estate; Population; Business; Geography; Economic growth; Finance; Economics; Environmental health; Medicine","score_opus":0.04218803167512023,"score_gpt":0.36006771732536597,"score_spread":0.3178796856502457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1523823574","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002543252,0.001441134,0.00010877176,0.017647374,0.0011438326,0.00053433795,0.000057262292,0.00010295346,0.97871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0015985139,0.99431205,0.00020558012,0.0015992135,0.00038006552,0.000063456355,0.00013812479,0.00001969154,0.0016833193],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969625,0.0001915081,0.0006623223,0.00037447995,0.0014551465,0.00035404114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874306,0.00011457139,0.00037813184,0.00022750316,0.00036315093,0.00017361093],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00080093293,0.00019815071,0.00033642806,0.000054913246,0.0001601649,0.00009819249,0.0007097011,0.00006433595,0.0060602995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006532464,0.00018309483,0.00020047711,0.00034414182,0.00013322462,0.0006402352,0.000087998764,0.00015307251,0.0009577805],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004624452,0.00007745434,0.0004639924,0.00046679727,0.000036545895,0.000030649288,0.0003122524,0.0000031712193,0.000003382513,0.0012697423,0.041516725,0.95581466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017797036,0.00001882649,0.00043436096,0.004200393,0.000047570455,0.000007756147,0.00003777478,0.00018883643,0.0000035487349,0.000020136335,0.99466443,0.00019841023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033223499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046722547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9928709,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004899291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082314094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998201},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1524705055","doi":"10.1111/caje.12191","title":"Who gains from capital market integration? Tax competition between unionized and non‐unionized countries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Labour economics; Factor market; Capital deepening; Capital market; Capital (architecture); Welfare; Financial capital; Market economy; Business; Capital formation; Human capital; Finance","score_opus":0.06050497402575446,"score_gpt":0.20252748039783988,"score_spread":0.1420225063720854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1524705055","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857907,0.000092125076,0.0014233352,0.008702857,0.0006797893,0.00020955781,0.0007197824,0.000006029644,0.0023757997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958851,0.0011761202,0.00017500685,0.00041123293,0.0007890962,0.0000053424164,0.000025292087,0.00002075697,0.0015120762],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985619,0.00013503563,0.00056770723,0.0002368567,0.000008973976,0.00048951217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99770474,0.00030745976,0.00049981306,0.00016421115,0.0002133224,0.0011104381],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070416415,0.00017580202,0.0004252516,0.0002273372,0.00039113668,0.00021340635,0.00028027743,0.00018376288,0.00087985623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003122199,0.0001684715,0.00009229221,0.00008623576,0.0003930155,0.00089141214,0.000012609812,0.00012819612,0.000014019128],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010131303,0.000008189971,0.15260969,0.00000945109,0.00012564888,0.000039273717,0.0075714868,0.000033288183,0.000020535992,0.8282064,0.0038380038,0.0074366746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055158027,0.00047244955,0.15277076,0.0009611574,0.00018406665,0.00002958397,0.009121692,0.00039546087,0.00042289754,0.45530307,0.37357232,0.0012507507],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.32495284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98428875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6593359,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0023989903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020426118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9633809},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1525044637","doi":"10.1111/caje.12002","title":"Tear Down this Wall: On the Persistence of Borders in Trade","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; University of Warwick","keywords":"German; Persistence (discontinuity); Politics; Economic integration; Globalization; Berlin wall; International trade; Economics; German reunification; Natural experiment; International economics; Political science; Fall of man; Geography; Market economy","score_opus":0.10562270224780916,"score_gpt":0.2055975630569357,"score_spread":0.09997486080912653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1525044637","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95412207,0.00010519239,0.0000053215335,0.032969277,0.00029823012,0.00016668197,0.00002012308,0.0000019037839,0.01231123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966219,0.00037415148,0.000033823188,0.0025377744,0.00013252642,0.0000017630841,0.0000012645371,0.000008169897,0.0002885911],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988005,0.00008972181,0.00048093213,0.0001512099,0.0000070892024,0.0004705349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99874115,0.00012712696,0.00037703285,0.00017153833,0.000047049514,0.000536123],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008289772,0.00011586004,0.0002716664,0.00021739092,0.00017338533,0.000056470355,0.0004740785,0.00011409814,0.00030008802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030185905,0.00011143675,0.00012869092,0.00016972554,0.00020615794,0.00027527998,0.0000029480934,0.00021331935,0.000005346863],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041909752,0.000019015106,0.0081471205,0.0000048921647,0.000020562591,0.000032088465,0.012637976,0.00269006,0.000008074972,0.9693781,0.002270684,0.0047495305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022071265,0.0019063639,0.06168093,0.0006592934,0.000080297184,0.000064781554,0.028262667,0.0020951757,0.00054509717,0.33749342,0.5638521,0.0011527514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.20979856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9791097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76931113,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018656193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020848876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79546344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1534517172","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01524.x","title":"The effects of economic and political integration on fiscal decentralization: evidence from OECD countries","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economic integration; Politics; Economics; Government (linguistics); Market integration; Public good; Economic system; Panel data; International economics; Economic policy; Political science; Market economy; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.053565095790584105,"score_gpt":0.2202017095878163,"score_spread":0.16663661379723219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1534517172","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877203,0.00078931515,0.0001575101,0.009495713,0.0010036831,0.00018808893,0.000035488672,0.0000029465239,0.0006069718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960255,0.002631956,0.00005253059,0.00073857396,0.0004450117,0.000002278535,0.0000040632,0.000008108184,0.00009199991],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987734,0.00010302491,0.0004885563,0.00016494581,0.0000074636305,0.0004626041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978717,0.00075669185,0.00037282184,0.00014979996,0.00007294494,0.0007760687],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044356147,0.00012612641,0.00026065222,0.0001018406,0.00033133524,0.0001797882,0.00027592384,0.00012075241,0.000057740017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006230442,0.00011910122,0.00007515936,0.000035566536,0.00031860842,0.0004757074,0.0000050389176,0.00012314586,0.000006420571],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005612293,0.0000042475604,0.012318699,0.0000055371343,0.00001990021,0.000008754121,0.0018438264,0.00024130395,0.000005686807,0.9800155,0.0005787476,0.0049016564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001307554,0.0015690159,0.05912403,0.000990893,0.00013371208,0.000030436322,0.0034317314,0.002039976,0.0029364277,0.8667868,0.061000437,0.00064898416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.119011514,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.942771,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8237595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019823369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015143399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88685507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1535831459","doi":"10.59403/1ct26s2","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Chinese Taxation","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Tax Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Economics; Public economics; State (computer science); Control (management); China; Local government; Tax reform; Federalism; Directive; Power (physics); Economic policy; Decentralization; Market economy; Public administration; Political science; Politics; Law","score_opus":0.029632386819922262,"score_gpt":0.2872886629793158,"score_spread":0.25765627615939357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1535831459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7272022,0.00014310246,0.0040584686,0.0034116863,0.0011296127,0.00015108961,0.0000019294432,0.00003098224,0.26387095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99273854,0.00013739853,0.0005329044,0.00031873578,0.00033881358,0.0000020912566,9.204519e-7,0.000004327044,0.005926277],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990983,0.000102101374,0.00017859568,0.000075987766,0.00033407283,0.00021093569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963695,0.000015846726,0.00019291046,0.000045372683,0.000028572576,0.00008034218],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044648277,0.000055152497,0.00007488141,0.00008081023,0.00028487103,0.00007950327,0.0001146313,0.000039289844,0.0011892046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001612582,0.000045825283,0.000038019774,0.00036799698,0.00004576188,0.0003844213,0.000011452059,0.00016443059,0.000042444546],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037317735,0.00010330688,0.92652977,0.0000017650508,0.0000047135145,0.000037089416,0.015508449,0.00001705678,0.000039993676,0.039927624,0.010130477,0.0076624257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043624736,0.000017302544,0.9206159,0.000027616572,0.0000034278692,0.000006227759,0.0006447162,0.000057593166,0.000040418992,0.021971006,0.056067556,0.00011199797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001196523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019058505,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26553637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014545457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000535408,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99972385},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1538299216","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/3021.001.0001","title":"Fiscal Decentralization and the Challenge of Hard Budget Constraints","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"The MIT Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":636,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Market discipline; Budget constraint; Budget process; Government (linguistics); Economics; Politics; Central government; Fiscal policy; Economic policy; Business; Macroeconomics; Finance; Political science; Local government; Market economy; Public administration","score_opus":0.029464725638007276,"score_gpt":0.2604748615860719,"score_spread":0.23101013594806463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1538299216","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000042840835,0.002567605,0.0007013787,0.0006532629,0.00026788283,0.0008574687,0.00004027348,0.000024038609,0.9948453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.018726712,0.0065865726,0.000030641037,0.00043107296,0.00024458327,0.000040193696,0.000020522395,0.000029165387,0.97389054],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982978,0.00036551416,0.00029591005,0.00020942482,0.00057869015,0.000252675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990548,0.00022703796,0.00031883334,0.0002757879,0.00007062403,0.000052953324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071526144,0.00016818744,0.00027787057,0.0000149516,0.00031209333,0.00007040451,0.00033352786,0.0002346732,0.00008798698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011983388,0.00010044353,0.00009044942,0.000014439942,0.002283879,0.000047586003,0.000057284116,0.00017720576,0.0000036275678],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004611659,0.000011315608,0.00001630801,0.000038064005,0.000054775413,9.77366e-7,0.008275382,0.000004132664,0.0000010510373,0.9627767,0.0229481,0.005827042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008868453,0.000020992291,0.00004039516,0.00013352353,0.00017795939,9.2893237e-7,0.00018794458,0.0000322762,0.0000799196,0.06884674,0.92941904,0.00017345209],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019941293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015991283,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90647095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007513325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019870338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84150475},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1539411541","doi":"10.1023/a:1016212110137","title":"Tax Setting in a Federal System: The Case of Personal Income Taxation in Canada","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Tax and Public Finance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Educación y Cultura","keywords":"Economics; Tax rate; Tax competition; Indirect tax; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax; Value-added tax; Direct tax; Public economics; Double taxation; Monetary economics; State income tax; International economics","score_opus":0.013542674450481058,"score_gpt":0.2349653218694923,"score_spread":0.22142264741901124,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1539411541","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98736686,0.0001805188,0.00009004498,0.005547224,0.00024467672,0.00010849026,0.000036081936,0.0000038831367,0.0064222054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99909306,0.00013139157,0.000029474764,0.00013356867,0.000059464262,0.000014854766,0.000003167377,0.0000024142812,0.0005326117],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917483,0.00007281439,0.00020740184,0.00011589672,0.00027456772,0.00015449015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995901,0.000086508095,0.00020248932,0.000041779684,0.000059089092,0.000020049156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002918208,0.00005156398,0.00007521553,0.00004331213,0.000119356664,0.000053986794,0.00011681971,0.000030886473,0.00006123233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021194812,0.0000440573,0.000013500454,0.00023057571,0.000054936143,0.00027933862,0.000022376333,0.00007458032,0.0000011993508],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009303468,0.000038516788,0.83699024,0.000022803762,0.0000057704556,0.00017204494,0.00477813,0.00014411895,0.0000039475144,0.14130124,0.0016992636,0.014834611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015704541,0.000033810098,0.7593888,0.00037139587,0.0000035425703,0.0001366373,0.03161205,0.14503695,0.000026130345,0.0008143294,0.060666665,0.0003392183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.90080976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.97622806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14489283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058383687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020573355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17966044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1541740909","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2357111","title":"Tax Competition and Federal Equalization Schemes with Decentralized Leadership","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Equalization (audio); Competition (biology); Tax competition; Public economics; Business; Economics; Law and economics; Industrial organization; Microeconomics; Tax reform; Indirect tax; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.020617796373271813,"score_gpt":0.2548978990216273,"score_spread":0.23428010264835547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1541740909","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8465749,0.0035099916,0.13303268,0.011421331,0.00019055304,0.000603987,0.0000016151824,0.00010027283,0.004564685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882199,0.009212993,0.0001395329,0.0003383993,0.00013455105,0.00000715148,0.0000067659325,0.000010658365,0.0019300217],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978377,0.00013941218,0.00015716141,0.00013388493,0.00042282307,0.001308981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995879,0.000026844209,0.00013076715,0.000050510636,0.00010508451,0.0000989017],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005824267,0.00009572222,0.00010568612,0.000029544697,0.00060831755,0.00026758568,0.000093045404,0.00006862406,0.00019150643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000061241066,0.00007898195,0.000026587122,0.00017656054,0.00012912232,0.00071589736,0.00000845364,0.00032942658,0.000025006011],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037816706,0.00003772084,0.022579998,0.000005531246,0.000030980384,6.7777404e-7,0.0011369777,0.000014494443,0.00014968333,0.9658844,0.0002678277,0.009853879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0075514507,0.0012577281,0.028264752,0.00030235355,0.00013009437,0.00017966739,0.13037565,0.00087754667,0.00095012016,0.73108214,0.09769344,0.0013350477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007070774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045317565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23480226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056631304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00069694966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46787485},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1541760063","doi":"","title":"Alternative fiscal visibility estimates for some OECD countries with three levels of territorial government levels","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Econstor (Econstor)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Visibility; Revenue; Multiplicative function; Government (linguistics); Economics; Public economics; Value (mathematics); Econometrics; Local government; Rest (music); Government revenue; Geography; Mathematics; Statistics; Accounting","score_opus":0.033580973508164025,"score_gpt":0.289475017317841,"score_spread":0.25589404380967695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1541760063","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9471501,0.0010106572,0.018206932,0.0008898014,0.010359275,0.003267107,0.009338009,0.00017030396,0.0096078105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99399614,0.00015735987,0.0021112887,0.00012788706,0.0024503737,0.00023001003,0.000036363483,0.000052041745,0.0008385175],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99553174,0.00014755059,0.00096466445,0.0010246773,0.0015893093,0.00074203644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99696493,0.0007436078,0.0012025927,0.00063041475,0.00022166313,0.00023676049],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010032617,0.00056959916,0.0010311413,0.000067360175,0.0004802604,0.00021541747,0.00075185817,0.0005142385,0.001490611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042621893,0.0005350668,0.00033057664,0.00007875665,0.0014866415,0.0006332942,0.00028425784,0.00040391635,0.000041961954],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035995044,0.00040905623,0.9267142,0.0004047965,0.00044327098,0.000011342475,0.0037901595,0.00059582107,0.000038530063,0.06174355,0.004115287,0.0013740235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013551737,0.0021316567,0.62665063,0.0026693323,0.0014549377,0.000017800498,0.0032541521,0.00790046,0.018105201,0.1877977,0.13043413,0.006032283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00133398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00322595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.30006358,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002149846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00089700223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997101},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1541951321","doi":"","title":"International perspective for a sound intergovernmental finance system in the Philippines","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Equalization (audio); Perspective (graphical); Revenue; Fiscal federalism; Economics; Sound (geography); Finance; Computer science; Telecommunications; Decentralization; Channel (broadcasting); Market economy","score_opus":0.03432832542140001,"score_gpt":0.35356403211091364,"score_spread":0.3192357066895136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1541951321","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5311978,0.0001258553,0.00007111723,0.0018949796,0.00072987727,0.0008816821,0.000032687225,0.000015627635,0.4650504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972245,0.0012727196,0.000069057976,0.00009426727,0.00040749522,0.0001596839,0.000004094975,0.0000074024565,0.0007607986],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871963,0.00014249675,0.00018834248,0.00018481609,0.00032206377,0.00044266367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940383,0.0003252853,0.00005994806,0.00012857882,0.00004737412,0.000034989524],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017953091,0.00006781436,0.00009759995,0.000062758605,0.00020765675,0.000077485485,0.00036267773,0.00006228242,0.000027709304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003928298,0.000058819347,0.00004887307,0.00012807775,0.00017787569,0.00035163452,0.00005585116,0.00013641886,0.0000056343474],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019115665,0.00034521084,0.1343742,0.000021308726,0.000022905113,0.0000035037767,0.038150176,0.00022314563,0.000023232755,0.7915065,0.0003544361,0.034784205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013610983,0.00009813593,0.050283916,0.00010668097,0.0000044591548,0.0000046469304,0.39834136,0.0028042076,0.000055781176,0.0034908617,0.54317325,0.00027561988],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030728872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015723357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78801566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002787124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008370527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7288232},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1547176619","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2010.9669268","title":"Decentralization in Africa: Too Many Policies, Not Enough Politics","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Negotiation; Politics; Pace; Political science; Order (exchange); Democracy; Public administration; Local government; Government (linguistics); Civil society; Economic system; Business; Economics; Geography; Finance","score_opus":0.06225960189348907,"score_gpt":0.2657693617568126,"score_spread":0.20350975986332354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1547176619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89160335,0.005446709,0.00029254355,0.08676097,0.012282637,0.0006532894,0.00007111454,0.000014101108,0.0028752603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98438734,0.006121115,0.0027381394,0.0018723707,0.0010319166,0.000024913397,0.000021534315,0.000053731896,0.0037489692],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99454314,0.00019190232,0.0018134501,0.0004710715,0.00049851084,0.0024819337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956074,0.0001552076,0.0008817776,0.0002789701,0.001079113,0.001997584],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020060109,0.0005402292,0.00082962745,0.0006682201,0.0010451066,0.00017610771,0.0008036539,0.0003443323,0.00042304554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010896302,0.0006072547,0.00015910761,0.0015526951,0.0006872363,0.0006108474,0.00008779385,0.00065014063,0.00003912554],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025352036,0.00022269014,0.09962684,0.00025097438,0.00051782903,0.00088468584,0.2256523,0.00032587012,0.000051909512,0.63316864,0.026674198,0.012598683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010413701,0.00012590816,0.0776182,0.00059666554,0.000113411144,0.00007143227,0.019320497,0.000036125915,0.00023014216,0.0014764022,0.8986783,0.00069157017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04916879,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9167534,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8720041,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011534863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010258681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996379},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1547970003","doi":"10.1007/s101010200050","title":"Grants structure in an intergovernmental fiscal game","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economics of Governance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Public finance; Economics; Matching (statistics); Politics; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Revenue; Perspective (graphical); Fiscal policy; International political economy; State (computer science); Fiscal federalism; Macroeconomics; Political science; Finance; Market economy","score_opus":0.009981670125222369,"score_gpt":0.2515032249262396,"score_spread":0.24152155480101725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1547970003","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856949,0.00008680904,0.000074051386,0.00013905003,0.0003265263,0.00010481582,0.000070223934,0.0000073453202,0.013496315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99870133,0.0005756854,0.0001645371,0.00016432519,0.000041101957,0.000001960675,0.0000031379882,0.0000077661725,0.00034012322],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916315,0.000052104613,0.00023235407,0.00018732817,0.00015341543,0.00021164078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957895,0.000022411396,0.00019828064,0.00013451294,0.000010603053,0.000055233897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015243734,0.000080708385,0.00014549833,0.000010908149,0.000041110823,0.000026536818,0.00019266324,0.00007434036,0.00028142138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008546861,0.00009104549,0.000035134686,0.000080428516,0.00010583447,0.0005329585,0.000016213678,0.00006550911,0.000006573008],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052755,0.000118904565,0.40942556,0.0000069839343,0.0000061722667,0.0000022418676,0.0028689227,0.0005413781,0.00025445523,0.583395,0.000398125,0.0029295161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025050594,0.00019701244,0.7556573,0.00008037611,0.0000110405535,0.0000021576227,0.003397601,0.0008467305,0.0120159695,0.035493482,0.18914288,0.0006503445],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005339922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012120436,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5479015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004100145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007528652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.67634875},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1555190303","doi":"","title":"Asymmetric Fiscal Decentralization: Glue or Solvent?","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnic group; Tanzania; Geography; China; Decentralization; State (computer science); Development economics; South asia; Sri lanka; Political science; Population; Homogeneous; Economy; Economic growth; Ethnology; History; Sociology; Demography; Economics","score_opus":0.0484719739407819,"score_gpt":0.3539688060806805,"score_spread":0.3054968321398986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1555190303","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06490947,0.0009855474,0.0004502441,0.002628643,0.0033300607,0.002816065,0.00009975025,0.00015521784,0.924625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7753553,0.1882991,0.0009163842,0.0006086113,0.00090430514,0.00029743576,0.00018824152,0.00010776614,0.033322886],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959184,0.0006904109,0.00062936713,0.0008125818,0.00081458583,0.0011346732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983609,0.00040938627,0.00022463517,0.0005708103,0.0001383719,0.00029591453],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0022707256,0.00025753892,0.00041888826,0.0003714032,0.00046420618,0.00035428867,0.0007257132,0.00066574407,0.0007166524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019020743,0.00026393312,0.00015455131,0.0007327557,0.0004143565,0.0002167285,0.00039670005,0.00086378754,0.000038990886],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005247054,0.0014240491,0.12965013,0.0004195551,0.00021233555,0.00019461158,0.0065207668,0.019425053,0.0000112342095,0.101872824,0.015381049,0.7243637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00095601525,0.000096663454,0.011531006,0.0002419871,0.00001793029,0.0000025924708,0.0024210797,0.0025646396,0.00009138606,0.0071240077,0.97422755,0.00072512875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004616842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033582444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9588465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002605949,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013342133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1555781774","doi":"10.5555/1809874.1809925","title":"Comparing digital government agendas in Canada, Mexico, and the United States","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Conference on Digital Government Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Digital government; Government (linguistics); Public administration; Consolidation (business); Work (physics); Political science; Business; Engineering; Digital transformation; Finance","score_opus":0.07875409436230066,"score_gpt":0.3478518194126872,"score_spread":0.26909772505038654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1555781774","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.703225,0.000007443317,0.00006983802,0.008033904,0.0002545386,0.0003013014,0.00018312613,0.000010922279,0.2879139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959264,0.0002152792,0.0000041097064,0.0002884692,0.00007572857,0.000033940207,0.000044342178,0.000009442845,0.0034023088],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99412805,0.000094171366,0.00028471282,0.00031090487,0.004722907,0.00045926397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888337,0.00053919415,0.000095775766,0.00017857774,0.00014937473,0.00015371935],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008012213,0.00013754735,0.00015142422,0.000038609138,0.00024947998,0.0011997977,0.00060901494,0.000051106177,0.0003036171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008228052,0.000105599174,0.000032523654,0.0002675855,0.00055219553,0.00058972643,0.00026896555,0.00048407767,0.000025388881],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043944878,0.000158072,0.27324706,0.00000478842,0.0000348494,0.000027349197,0.0017555044,0.00014705672,0.000034396744,0.7131849,0.0033565734,0.007609997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006072281,0.00020450848,0.22361916,0.0002474593,0.000009634333,0.000006322091,0.06349177,0.061366763,0.0007820319,0.032973483,0.61036134,0.0008652413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.38007164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6882015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6802114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020651617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000529784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99983704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1556765429","doi":"10.1023/a:1011115932370","title":"A Model of Competing Jurisdictions with Locally Polluting Environments and Mobile Populations","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental and Resource Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University","keywords":"Subsidy; Consumption (sociology); Nash equilibrium; Production (economics); Order (exchange); Quality (philosophy); Environmental economics; Product (mathematics); Microeconomics; Pollution; Business; Economics; Natural resource economics; Mathematics; Market economy; Finance; Sociology","score_opus":0.014349768309395564,"score_gpt":0.2102556976529842,"score_spread":0.19590592934358864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1556765429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939298,0.00014688357,0.0015258018,0.00012017324,0.00001132785,0.00014421328,0.000018194984,0.000007826268,0.00409576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99684525,0.0016433687,0.0006230595,0.00007474604,0.00002679271,0.000006433763,0.000009335663,0.00000786166,0.0007631561],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99944955,0.00002080074,0.00014824135,0.00015178617,0.00008619304,0.00014343543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975604,0.000015446183,0.00009362039,0.000063400046,6.6860906e-7,0.00007083254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000100633704,0.00007079212,0.000092934664,0.000020258964,0.0003575538,0.000018623829,0.000040582036,0.00004860694,0.000031605177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000022066142,0.00006807514,0.000016133976,0.000022190987,0.0002998481,0.0001206507,0.00004168294,0.000047962618,0.0000025370366],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007512797,0.00023469634,0.8346566,0.000008035831,0.000032720334,0.0000016155321,0.01823263,0.11773226,0.0012190326,0.00909481,0.000025062369,0.018687436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003514459,0.00053417956,0.38350028,0.00011196344,0.00018015307,0.000028881734,0.0551652,0.24035977,0.0005060063,0.0025766692,0.31236297,0.0011594589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009238667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008975946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4511563,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000076533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009126668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27760237},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1560557440","doi":"","title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN THE PUBLIC POLICY PROCESS: SPAIN, PORTUGAL, CANADA","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Research and Practice","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"European union; Process (computing); Order (exchange); Public policy; Political science; Eu countries; Economic growth; Business; Economic policy; Economics","score_opus":0.1105002043633384,"score_gpt":0.4524817346559707,"score_spread":0.3419815302926323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1560557440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91651636,0.000043589527,0.000009356888,0.015261585,0.00004659182,0.000895662,0.0000018347952,0.0000022013899,0.06722282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99889725,0.00030344052,0.000015201816,0.00025791267,0.000019013707,0.00004902614,4.8349506e-7,0.000001443778,0.00045624276],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974254,0.0006378323,0.00015753339,0.00011739794,0.0014356044,0.0002262358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986953,0.00067767047,0.00011930328,0.00016686185,0.0003091327,0.0000317366],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031889358,0.00004404055,0.00007775531,0.000050430695,0.00038645,0.00008967013,0.00041731072,0.000017195638,0.000023035884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018334682,0.00002642257,0.0000052388095,0.0011120335,0.0003665951,0.0004089974,0.000100338206,0.0001640499,4.4132747e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021817377,0.0011065947,0.19280502,0.00008835566,0.000048319867,0.000022160773,0.26648176,0.0000074926634,0.000018283647,0.5312349,0.0052837073,0.0026851995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029171436,0.00008893922,0.119319595,0.000012169798,0.0000055756104,5.7339696e-7,0.6556165,0.000010600462,0.000055423665,0.000965323,0.22358157,0.000052029915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.42712885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.86323166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5302696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053315496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079631305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57668597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1563094073","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4317","title":"Managing The Coordination Of Service Delivery In Metropolitan Cities : The Role Of Metropolitan Governance","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Corporate governance; Service delivery framework; Service (business); Business; Regional science; Economic geography; Public administration; Geography; Political science; Marketing; Finance","score_opus":0.01205571559149624,"score_gpt":0.2488508115911547,"score_spread":0.23679509599965848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1563094073","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00552782,0.0028615394,0.00007769717,0.0016740003,0.00035768593,0.0006948036,0.000058964484,0.000040452072,0.98870707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.61881787,0.00039374537,0.000054904718,0.0005947705,0.00031507635,0.000018561499,0.000019275032,0.000045268265,0.3797405],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964294,0.00029368684,0.000822498,0.0003581573,0.0015247004,0.00057157164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973696,0.0006358828,0.001088123,0.0005226434,0.00032394906,0.000059840742],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017380541,0.00031781444,0.0005086482,0.00023365887,0.0004123532,0.00008505915,0.0011176134,0.00021826112,0.000091996415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013778763,0.00023628102,0.00020161571,0.0005652301,0.000790934,0.00022303942,0.0001817171,0.00048369472,0.0000073317656],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041940428,0.000024680532,0.001315017,0.00009277855,0.000056407203,0.0000022105833,0.00573924,0.000021470114,0.00003835986,0.98139656,0.0036182008,0.007653115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00051793,0.000047872716,0.0027653417,0.000994621,0.00020078571,6.557338e-7,0.037169315,0.00017821665,0.002368366,0.24771918,0.70748675,0.00055096415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04029188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16454293,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7336774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0030932983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005205064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9660989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1565647346","doi":"10.1016/j.jeca.2006.02.007","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Economic Asymmetries","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Revenue; Economics; Public finance; Tax revenue; Process (computing); Fiscal system; Bosnia herzegovina; Economic policy; Public economics; Macroeconomics; Political science; Finance; Decentralization; Law; Computer science; Market economy","score_opus":0.008910407245654658,"score_gpt":0.25320184486098424,"score_spread":0.24429143761532957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1565647346","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736954,0.0009891277,0.00020880626,0.0051206844,0.00021825533,0.000052645897,0.0000015868741,0.0000032841692,0.01971021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99787503,0.0009570067,0.000039087776,0.00013009096,0.00024526703,2.2970127e-7,2.2388875e-7,0.000002975228,0.00075010565],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994049,0.000083674095,0.00024376316,0.00003942643,0.0001031666,0.00012503388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995792,0.00015307506,0.00018943076,0.000039633855,0.000013055058,0.000025632593],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006224822,0.00004437389,0.000111723,0.000050147246,0.00014529447,0.00006644244,0.0001112168,0.00003518693,0.000036469566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006420702,0.000031760952,0.00002496078,0.000079859135,0.00014692095,0.00029238858,0.000016152202,0.0000690973,0.000006123758],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024191843,0.000085763204,0.48145106,0.000008815263,0.000027586157,0.000012417889,0.007419686,0.0010310169,0.00006239315,0.44963104,0.050196555,0.009831741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015414122,0.00016086125,0.6451159,0.000050010265,0.000036750378,0.00002429604,0.009014592,0.00020135377,0.00071476796,0.09363504,0.24926719,0.00023778933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026614773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0044343453,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35599598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015325902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005371225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40233752},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1566336719","doi":"","title":"The Canadian Federal-Provincial Fiscal Equalization System","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Econstor (Econstor)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Equalization (audio); Fiscal year; Economics; Finance; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.018925516397282915,"score_gpt":0.2440078869765134,"score_spread":0.2250823705792305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1566336719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72893786,0.0003564504,0.0005352009,0.0018356745,0.0032025208,0.0005347876,0.00004270177,0.00018398119,0.2643708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927166,0.00016011445,0.000038717306,0.00042113848,0.0007325687,0.000029623521,0.000016168351,0.00001692477,0.0058681327],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99791014,0.00023378654,0.00037396117,0.00029505548,0.0005375693,0.00064950506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989806,0.00014703891,0.00018587313,0.00023391284,0.00010655349,0.00034601442],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006160217,0.00016162453,0.00018893534,0.00006791042,0.0054237405,0.00022820705,0.00032194608,0.00021122704,0.00025574033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027748593,0.00014184415,0.00010112896,0.0002599837,0.0006661136,0.0003824964,0.00002685007,0.00014147,0.00042911197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010798697,0.000015965199,0.75703806,0.0000068876825,0.000014269859,0.000022661992,0.0021975718,0.0000178319,0.00000477185,0.20573795,0.034401335,0.0005318644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007158919,0.000058122583,0.2330674,0.000054913333,0.000023653678,0.00004027934,0.0041652247,0.00054154353,0.00010442367,0.00042616224,0.76022136,0.0005810253],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15743263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.82172537,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021513805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021348542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99587107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1566417106","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00431.x","title":"A spatial analysis of provincial corporate income tax responses: evidence from Canada","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Interdependence; Economics; Income tax; Robustness (evolution); Public economics; State income tax; Government (linguistics); Tax reform; Macroeconomics; Political science","score_opus":0.11708666228534662,"score_gpt":0.21706581835165437,"score_spread":0.09997915606630775,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1566417106","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956581,0.00017897246,0.00079304905,0.0010205103,0.0011517477,0.00019458175,0.00066040095,0.0000027675524,0.00033985777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985357,0.00011844444,0.00017837838,0.00035497366,0.000502401,0.0000015299878,0.000016102294,0.00001619214,0.0002762705],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978588,0.00014287612,0.0010506887,0.00026347884,0.000014980944,0.00066915393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99571824,0.00051806733,0.0016738226,0.00026425498,0.0003497037,0.001475938],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018271724,0.00017611169,0.0006264985,0.0006368194,0.00023731159,0.00008000609,0.0005755305,0.0001674191,0.00036214627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001275755,0.00021425897,0.0002014779,0.00055397494,0.00025733394,0.00048581182,0.000015660024,0.00019300244,0.0000020294185],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041497845,0.00001320524,0.90784866,0.000013905536,0.0006277899,0.0003408335,0.0069816792,0.0045987493,0.00003777342,0.07498265,0.0005078114,0.0036319655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012359868,0.000524478,0.9169104,0.00037744886,0.0012260498,0.000020582618,0.007485948,0.0022728064,0.0010655922,0.042463053,0.02527558,0.0011420599],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.999357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99999905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032519598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006332652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.020268746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974819},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1567342541","doi":"10.1111/caje.12074","title":"To Ban or Not to Ban: Foreign Lobbying and Cross‐National Externalities","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Externality; Foreign policy; Key (lock); International trade; Public economics; Law and economics; Economics; Political science; International economics; Politics; Law; Microeconomics; Computer security","score_opus":0.14782067058430148,"score_gpt":0.2459411883822303,"score_spread":0.09812051779792882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1567342541","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98618627,0.000022024866,0.000625208,0.0058757095,0.0006804549,0.00020903481,0.00008950879,0.000004838966,0.0063069565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909676,0.000047218124,0.00059661665,0.0050950428,0.0009912447,0.00000783648,0.0000029481184,0.000021315622,0.0022701977],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985469,0.00006702688,0.0005149074,0.00024851863,0.000011841868,0.000610825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971588,0.00016625007,0.00025364905,0.00012916757,0.00023124667,0.0020608571],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011791078,0.0001538972,0.00030844967,0.0003085468,0.00038977902,0.00038111873,0.00036103054,0.0001124277,0.00030195987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009481783,0.00017217718,0.00007473029,0.00012094028,0.0001376067,0.0005471731,0.000018818046,0.000116586176,0.000023343602],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009941969,0.000003784444,0.020028329,0.000011725748,0.000022966842,0.000016536049,0.0055076997,0.0038288427,0.0000049420373,0.9648044,0.0016389162,0.0040323995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010863922,0.0006350996,0.039756935,0.00023344676,0.0000292612,0.00010229899,0.0043632775,0.0011793692,0.00022110793,0.16118056,0.7903934,0.0008188416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16728462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9791219,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81183726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002235891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020089753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8382605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1568784917","doi":"10.24908/fg.v11i1.5392","title":"Efficiency in the Multinational Federal Republic","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Federal Governance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pluralism (philosophy); Federalism; Appeal; Law and economics; Sketch; Politics; Autonomy; Ideal (ethics); Utilitarianism; Political science; Sociology; Economics; Law; Epistemology; Computer science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.013804379298424527,"score_gpt":0.2721300160767661,"score_spread":0.2583256367783416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1568784917","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5706498,0.00021373427,0.008293002,0.028857427,0.0008865185,0.00059571187,0.000012022096,0.000108062835,0.3903837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99331766,0.00008530676,0.00013479759,0.0026716804,0.00030051373,0.000020526557,0.000005249763,0.0000057567017,0.0034584766],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813783,0.00022808848,0.00019432433,0.0002192515,0.00087183167,0.00034869503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994817,0.00015239324,0.00013154949,0.0001453352,0.000049519396,0.000039545976],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009101991,0.00008956676,0.00009588671,0.000012778673,0.00061290275,0.00024473207,0.00036119882,0.00006430633,0.00013387618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008280081,0.00006918888,0.000046758676,0.00033867743,0.00011078221,0.00037021827,0.000026104683,0.00012059346,0.000058040925],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016147558,0.00015389053,0.06607108,0.000004970633,0.0000018689819,0.0000031563459,0.004614312,0.00019844214,0.00001393311,0.9002999,0.01567624,0.012946084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004987298,0.000034161054,0.49130604,0.000020690675,0.000001181451,0.0000010000256,0.00056130416,0.0018139301,0.000023780274,0.0037588337,0.50183046,0.00014988193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019536405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039857733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89654106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017883681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008920291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47140145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1570315903","doi":"","title":"Fiscal transfer in Canada: Drawing comparisons and lessons","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Macro; Revenue; Per capita; Economics; Relevance (law); Public economics; Service (business); Tax revenue; Transfer (computing); Fiscal policy; Fiscal system; Per capita income; Macroeconomics; Economic policy; Finance; Political science; Economy; Computer science; Sociology","score_opus":0.04765760548525019,"score_gpt":0.33229082634751295,"score_spread":0.2846332208622627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1570315903","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9184161,0.00021082029,0.000047669295,0.004705965,0.0003309399,0.00063350354,0.00005731546,0.00001429764,0.075583376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870341,0.012373519,0.000046162015,0.000085269545,0.00007605657,0.000046101704,0.000016860557,0.000015140168,0.0003067896],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978468,0.00022989258,0.0003672614,0.0004905537,0.00038450575,0.00068097474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932516,0.0002236083,0.000040100353,0.00022326404,0.00002622425,0.0001616215],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009764508,0.00014381339,0.0003279692,0.00012546507,0.00021984962,0.00011517524,0.00031536038,0.00024375317,0.00004734297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017109548,0.00016926735,0.000042778338,0.0001351724,0.0002792504,0.0001003136,0.00019735823,0.0008823945,0.0000011112871],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011596309,0.00026001866,0.72431505,0.00021983297,0.000054130847,0.00013469189,0.013747334,0.06998579,0.000016939512,0.04749363,0.000378987,0.14327765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002628773,0.00006223089,0.7850016,0.0012312089,0.000018455732,0.0000026035425,0.03183193,0.012719788,0.00013382328,0.008146085,0.15685168,0.001371839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8419432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99424464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1564727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006293083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005859762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99977607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1573169440","doi":"","title":"Subnational Taxation in Large Emerging Countries: BRIC Plus One","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ScholarWorks - Georgia State University (Georgia State University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"United Nations Development Programme; TD Bank; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"BRIC; Decentralization; Revenue; Context (archaeology); China; Central government; Tax revenue; Economic policy; Economics; Politics; Government revenue; Autonomy; Government (linguistics); Business; Fiscal policy; State (computer science); Development economics; Emerging markets; Local government; Public economics; Political science; Market economy; Finance; Geography; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.015412982578270791,"score_gpt":0.2359004633030286,"score_spread":0.22048748072475782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1573169440","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87602735,0.00060066505,0.06388668,0.0026238158,0.0021338258,0.0025445945,0.002339882,0.00066504674,0.04917814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9216494,0.009409455,0.00084073714,0.0002166698,0.0002265525,0.0000013493639,0.0012381002,0.000074848045,0.06634289],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9938266,0.0010508682,0.0005275958,0.0011512199,0.0017703898,0.0016733158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965867,0.00024186373,0.0012661145,0.00057238626,0.0007776775,0.00055529684],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017439851,0.00062047027,0.0007284108,0.0014443425,0.0017769816,0.00037903682,0.0013453879,0.0008049694,0.0011241141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020504059,0.000908142,0.00028902543,0.0025174213,0.00047744665,0.0033522604,0.0012556262,0.0018495871,0.00020513387],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004050151,0.0023737075,0.3450341,0.00088458706,0.0012035678,0.0020129606,0.18317392,0.07929301,0.000080872196,0.36965796,0.004751282,0.0074838763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055042673,0.00005749533,0.088303395,0.0006798159,0.00034637286,0.0000016852968,0.020507757,0.0017767398,0.000046661276,0.0031483008,0.8776188,0.0020087233],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009456968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0151696885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8728675,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.010682083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003719732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999789},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1576206518","doi":"","title":"Explaining differences in environmental governance patterns between Canada, Italy and the United States","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Unitary state; Corporate governance; Environmental governance; Government (linguistics); Competition (biology); State (computer science); Political science; Federalism; Public administration; Business; Politics; Ecology; Law; Finance","score_opus":0.02961658342955416,"score_gpt":0.28940112684656366,"score_spread":0.2597845434170095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1576206518","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914268,0.00014357027,0.0000075736452,0.0009935087,0.00012644159,0.00046037143,0.00020110882,0.000006509089,0.0066340887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94844496,0.05069209,0.0000106598045,0.00013399054,0.00010738161,0.000041845295,0.000106913714,0.000013185562,0.00044896913],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99755824,0.00040469292,0.00041197287,0.00043940326,0.00055723253,0.00062848284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99832636,0.001129326,0.00018105083,0.00023905843,0.000012909199,0.00011129329],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020507355,0.00016488774,0.00031966573,0.00009455546,0.0002622973,0.00013835744,0.00045899148,0.00019471608,0.000046562465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025400403,0.00014418006,0.0000357354,0.000121970304,0.00063459383,0.0000966654,0.00043918105,0.00075594214,5.927755e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050684328,0.000022304506,0.96129334,0.000019654044,0.000018854702,0.000014710353,0.005436203,0.00071282097,2.8766098e-7,0.0014326061,0.000025878173,0.03097268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079873286,0.000018070845,0.9602225,0.00017944664,0.0000049694177,2.4145913e-7,0.020088637,0.0024580914,0.000009806805,0.0010086998,0.014947275,0.000263542],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.59287304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8198477,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22697465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021079234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004966982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5879492},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1577674431","doi":"","title":"The Inefficiencies of Legislative Centralization: Evidence from Provincial Tax Rate-Setting","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Incentive; Revenue; Public economics; Tax revenue; Tax rate; Economics; Business; Power (physics); Finance; Monetary economics; Microeconomics; Political science","score_opus":0.017014415559060768,"score_gpt":0.26739735436994144,"score_spread":0.2503829388108807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1577674431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8590185,0.0016929439,0.049748573,0.007782055,0.0020509174,0.0013791594,0.00007260671,0.00022263192,0.07803263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99721277,0.00028406802,0.00027622137,0.00036036997,0.00048483186,0.000012827865,0.000007048942,0.000008418327,0.001353432],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99800944,0.00044067184,0.00031630282,0.00023393655,0.0006526279,0.00034700579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985129,0.0007148056,0.00027793943,0.00022186017,0.000182285,0.00009017902],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001192141,0.00010919018,0.00014631802,0.000012691289,0.00093352824,0.00018507251,0.00038476026,0.00008147123,0.00011061949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029347166,0.000082893006,0.000058140897,0.00033081663,0.00046926175,0.000612453,0.000060216244,0.000104291285,0.000048883183],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008094903,0.00006943384,0.06638619,0.00001702994,0.00002077291,0.0000013488193,0.012735482,0.00087781704,0.001989186,0.9063919,0.0058770757,0.005552792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009958763,0.00021556682,0.07970148,0.00055395294,0.000072620074,2.7435422e-7,0.006553831,0.004764858,0.020045908,0.020089803,0.8663326,0.0006732648],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014935356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.021390097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8863021,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013126922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002202563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996467},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1578761560","doi":"10.4337/9781782543411.00013","title":"China's Emerging Tax Regime: Local Tax Farming and Central Tax Bureaucracy","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Erasmus Research Institute of Management; McMaster University","keywords":"Bureaucracy; China; Business; Corporate governance; Economic policy; Agriculture; Market economy; Economic system; Economics; Finance; Political science; Geography","score_opus":0.02143481112591347,"score_gpt":0.269726799528671,"score_spread":0.24829198840275754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1578761560","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003509136,0.00086349464,0.014003868,0.002268109,0.002270966,0.0006858441,0.00008041712,0.0003151286,0.97916126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.073820196,0.0007650194,0.0006773919,0.0012040851,0.00340944,0.000016054391,0.00014485746,0.00017901234,0.91978395],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9948484,0.00010232406,0.00074538926,0.0009669425,0.001956665,0.0013802854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978825,0.00012202562,0.00071930164,0.0004851816,0.0002133034,0.00057770143],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013990644,0.0006231217,0.0006396978,0.00028183116,0.0011638297,0.0022436096,0.00075685966,0.0011133725,0.00037780122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005652383,0.00066088093,0.00025616557,0.000106039166,0.0006980077,0.0016885104,0.00031865455,0.0012554611,0.000038362352],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000515091,0.000021856697,0.00022402607,0.0000791842,0.000095984884,0.00012846873,0.008164295,0.000018667384,0.000008633589,0.66460294,0.0797478,0.24685661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042982312,0.00004067178,0.0004865403,0.00036591088,0.000089235444,0.000009131501,0.0007547923,0.000078017845,0.000034836205,0.020606123,0.976325,0.00077995943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009233263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00606477,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8965772,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085187797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005443885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99958426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1579356758","doi":"10.17233/se.96491","title":"Municipal Finance in Transitional Countries","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Restructuring; Planned economy; Element (criminal law); Economics; Market economy; Economy; Property rights; Free market; Economic system; Business; Political science; Finance","score_opus":0.03465682006925222,"score_gpt":0.322856603255869,"score_spread":0.28819978318661676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1579356758","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.882797,0.00006730825,0.000003549973,0.0008013043,0.00007290963,0.00016710562,0.000008950467,0.000010148165,0.1160717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97025967,0.027393257,0.00006382791,0.00014471672,0.00007156989,0.000028597085,0.0000058764244,0.0000064140418,0.0020260569],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986999,0.00013825033,0.00020814993,0.0002083867,0.00029734278,0.00044799474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995771,0.00018476782,0.000030227247,0.00012633696,0.000033997658,0.00004756461],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081252,0.000060119044,0.00011880042,0.00009527236,0.0002926625,0.000024354362,0.00018638492,0.000093279785,0.00012850993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015366994,0.00006941345,0.000030337687,0.0002068806,0.0005139871,0.0002434984,0.000023575578,0.00019135866,0.000017200413],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004375085,0.00061023666,0.6110636,0.00003372958,0.000017124035,0.0002655331,0.065939434,0.016957778,0.00004633475,0.23394878,0.00066347985,0.07001645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012446627,0.00006482289,0.22374828,0.000070391485,0.0000010879851,0.0000043963996,0.004795748,0.00310705,0.0000906534,0.0035589524,0.7630247,0.00028926163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008591655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009173945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7623612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006084152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003389384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5119276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1584613819","doi":"10.1002/pad.1614","title":"FLYING BLIND? EVIDENCE FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORM AGENDAS, IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOMES IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Service delivery framework; Good governance; Empirical evidence; Public sector; Public economics; Public service; Economics; New public management; Service (business); Public administration; Political science; Economic growth; Finance","score_opus":0.07645454551977285,"score_gpt":0.37813702084131773,"score_spread":0.3016824753215449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1584613819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9257394,0.0013790807,0.024528082,0.0367511,0.0007518315,0.0030602196,0.000036031524,0.00013565751,0.007618578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949165,0.0013793396,0.0024333736,0.0004129544,0.00004771915,0.00023466589,0.0000363415,0.000006947299,0.00053217006],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984935,0.000045301917,0.00038273857,0.00021983607,0.00042177603,0.00043687635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994285,0.000075761876,0.00018332874,0.00007823851,0.00006826639,0.0001659177],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011379431,0.0001252322,0.00013667865,0.000067012865,0.0005959496,0.00033605946,0.00009320644,0.00006331704,0.00007253697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000101935584,0.00011821102,0.000015911828,0.00018948814,0.0000697569,0.0018404245,0.000053710224,0.00004252597,0.0000051577117],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028998431,0.00006510938,0.5253534,0.00008656693,0.000016699994,6.303724e-7,0.0038506065,7.059948e-8,8.3716463e-7,0.43416223,0.000078421705,0.036356468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010857031,0.000039742532,0.7989166,0.00006417987,0.0000073025003,9.555736e-7,0.008654547,0.000018588607,0.000098462064,0.0003187496,0.19056144,0.00023376667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000071823706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037527175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4338435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005773597,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032532727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48205054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1585310245","doi":"10.1177/152397211001000104","title":"Incomplete Contracts and the Evolution of Canadian Federalism","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Autonomy; Fiscal federalism; Decentralization; Government (linguistics); Negotiation; Politics; Constitution; Devolution (biology); Political science; Revenue; Federalist; Political economy; Economics; Cooperative federalism; State (computer science); Public administration; Economic policy; Law; Finance; Sociology","score_opus":0.010117331196702464,"score_gpt":0.21792499312345714,"score_spread":0.20780766192675468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1585310245","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54233956,0.00089164666,0.0012704928,0.07504713,0.0006763416,0.0011219496,0.000012722237,0.00003172426,0.37860844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947599,0.0035099834,0.00013388878,0.000528112,0.000038359063,0.000019721907,0.0000017500546,0.0000022837487,0.0010059791],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994033,0.000030741012,0.00010061279,0.000106570194,0.00016390695,0.00019486435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997361,0.000024002467,0.00006017429,0.00009002409,0.00003571606,0.000054032043],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004929635,0.0000467773,0.00007631494,0.00007896587,0.00038581472,0.00009030248,0.0000925496,0.000035179506,0.00001690965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048339127,0.000035452045,0.000013684786,0.000250307,0.00031771042,0.00021112883,0.000032161402,0.00004993912,0.0000019912825],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000053898966,0.000006778582,0.0028635676,0.0000068200843,0.0000054361185,7.0543285e-7,0.00071074016,5.867136e-7,0.000003992465,0.9816728,0.0019683018,0.012754882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005687692,0.00000613548,0.1261579,0.0000071210716,0.000008157466,2.9411854e-7,0.0007415467,0.00011004408,0.0000030406106,0.011128982,0.86121494,0.000053064217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.20780428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.48708668,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9705438,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004522534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006160921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.79747105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1586146496","doi":"10.1016/s0166-0462(00)00056-9","title":"The Economics of Fiscal Federalism and Local Finance,","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Economics; Federalism; Financial system; Political science; Market economy; Politics; Decentralization","score_opus":0.01227789470175122,"score_gpt":0.22738312140919206,"score_spread":0.21510522670744084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1586146496","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97950965,0.00034079855,0.00003010757,0.004474916,0.000078838595,0.00008868394,0.000004087357,0.0000059576932,0.015466984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97311383,0.02436268,0.000044956047,0.00054152653,0.000082639395,0.000002761077,7.9211134e-7,0.0000028896663,0.0018478939],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992821,0.000015526448,0.00015815123,0.00019523215,0.000112800175,0.00023619302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966234,0.000072880306,0.00007068831,0.00008860649,0.000028315002,0.00007714959],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005339506,0.000060925206,0.00009109994,0.0000180217,0.0009258312,0.0001392974,0.00018374316,0.00004320202,0.000018708708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021622984,0.000049229362,0.000020636742,0.00010871435,0.0025737523,0.0004321281,0.00002776559,0.0000380691,0.00000447732],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002926666,0.000016495665,0.0099686505,0.0000020480343,0.0000034960724,2.2799486e-7,0.0011889071,0.0002756585,0.0000029788619,0.8648508,0.0035607838,0.12010069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021813055,0.00004214959,0.029926885,0.000008325743,0.00000414859,0.0000028473473,0.00083774794,0.0052279434,0.000037908514,0.015064965,0.9485046,0.00012430984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003126868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005523685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94494385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010641415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002126234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9483098},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1595154943","doi":"","title":"Financing Large Cities and Metropolitan Areas","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; TD Bank","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Revenue; Work (physics); Business; Population; Productivity; Economic geography; Economic growth; Geography; Regional science; Finance; Economics","score_opus":0.009850624588803503,"score_gpt":0.24529506331017178,"score_spread":0.23544443872136828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1595154943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7400401,0.0001715256,0.0010264389,0.0008557382,0.00012321798,0.000061545645,0.0000068757527,0.0000269157,0.2576876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99279624,0.00048374946,0.00052161276,0.000026416601,0.00003582205,4.0347587e-8,0.0000013881737,0.0000022742734,0.0061324267],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995107,0.000023930168,0.0000306598,0.000094723786,0.0001781021,0.00016189355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974495,0.000022957887,0.000052820775,0.00007862044,0.000038991748,0.0000616598],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015283306,0.000042505588,0.00008300292,0.000009708646,0.00033663135,0.000011827722,0.00009864289,0.000060828257,0.004577803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004456648,0.0000526174,0.000027179836,0.00003767802,0.0001778667,0.00042444834,0.00004053297,0.000043763364,0.00000457012],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002778814,0.00004834414,0.064975224,0.000016043447,0.000014484998,0.0000051953625,0.056829073,4.0691265e-7,0.0005676151,0.86498314,0.0020238073,0.01050885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047992644,0.00004396693,0.68827397,0.000015654627,0.000025229298,3.614651e-7,0.2251966,0.00009370674,0.00009109627,0.000610601,0.08501984,0.00014905824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2823632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5202588,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86437255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015804564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004880726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99633217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1597744419","doi":"","title":"Does Tax Competition Raise Voter Welfare","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Competition (biology); Welfare; Yardstick; Externality; Public economics; Microeconomics; Rent-seeking; Public good; Tax competition; Imperfect competition; Politics; Market economy; Tax reform; Indirect tax; Political science","score_opus":0.0433976066920828,"score_gpt":0.34571584872847555,"score_spread":0.30231824203639274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1597744419","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94108146,0.00013958408,0.000023834113,0.035521116,0.00034629635,0.0004783782,0.00033036174,0.000016851485,0.022062093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922494,0.0053721354,0.0005654827,0.0006555851,0.00044710742,0.000011292106,0.000008541266,0.000016788235,0.0006736679],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9937914,0.00020296228,0.0010725469,0.0010537681,0.00073193863,0.0031474058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99368805,0.00056736864,0.00026152545,0.000530054,0.00071167597,0.004241343],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.005793498,0.00029125792,0.0006363065,0.000647331,0.0013844974,0.0007469451,0.001142412,0.00023045621,0.0011120988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036042375,0.00022864914,0.00013735305,0.000963447,0.012786157,0.0021131334,0.0005874946,0.00051880267,0.00006097924],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036257417,0.00020045978,0.017527105,0.000029357212,0.000007910779,0.0000015583304,0.000108352266,0.000027912152,0.00017964981,0.980502,0.000097681324,0.0012817451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0040797847,0.0015552595,0.22602265,0.00029609917,0.00007730497,0.000024822863,0.008828359,0.038805645,0.006766296,0.55652934,0.15519342,0.0018210529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0080882255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018347951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4239727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011260895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015540487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1599250477","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2864727","title":"The Rents from Trade and Coercive Institutions: Removing the Sugar Coating","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"","keywords":"Download; Economic rent; Sugar; Business; Internet privacy; World Wide Web; Computer science; Economics; Biology; Food science; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.016845907581341465,"score_gpt":0.27596798770821573,"score_spread":0.25912208012687427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1599250477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8681922,0.012997839,0.03861936,0.07073772,0.00092473254,0.0004010668,0.0000079091,0.00005435731,0.008064824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9608026,0.03799955,0.000010977266,0.00015787824,0.00029041464,0.000002047855,3.8824325e-7,0.000003821188,0.00073230907],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984822,0.00016472618,0.00014120019,0.00008979218,0.00032073385,0.0008013463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994973,0.00025053532,0.000117893505,0.0000735214,0.000021838548,0.000038917075],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013948585,0.00005505126,0.000053252134,0.000008321682,0.002066705,0.00012651154,0.00019966574,0.000038289993,0.000008466733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004370205,0.00002495066,0.000030202284,0.00009311541,0.00023534642,0.0002484299,0.000020058853,0.00030019195,0.0000053093513],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000169547,0.000009195297,0.0094482135,2.7328147e-7,0.000027376875,6.725883e-7,0.0020242683,0.0000021206015,0.00023112091,0.8793618,0.00029390166,0.10858412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00097099924,0.00009291908,0.018266926,0.00012270156,0.00005176157,0.000022380731,0.030870404,0.000048828653,0.0001819611,0.6600979,0.28907308,0.00020013347],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00054005475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011488378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28877917,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061729125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009765603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1599490515","doi":"10.5931/djim.v11i0.5528","title":"Citizen Engagement: A Catalyst for Effective Local Government","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Representativeness heuristic; Public engagement; Public relations; Transparency (behavior); Community engagement; Accountability; Corporate governance; Stakeholder engagement; Political science; Best practice; Business; Government (linguistics); Process (computing); Knowledge management; Psychology; Computer science; Social psychology","score_opus":0.024553812250767876,"score_gpt":0.3242227483102542,"score_spread":0.29966893605948636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1599490515","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.068499826,0.00053364324,0.74174714,0.0067957733,0.0036070256,0.002932429,0.00005946824,0.00007729983,0.17574738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949205,0.0000822506,0.0016984909,0.00023601968,0.00046426404,0.0000610107,0.0000071837944,0.000020936182,0.0025093576],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974357,0.00018683945,0.00052764185,0.00020266499,0.0012942399,0.00035294806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99880105,0.000108670676,0.00046056393,0.00017302703,0.00021892748,0.00023776312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002357899,0.00016313077,0.00027946694,0.000083946514,0.00033715597,0.00009721711,0.00044668044,0.00006121835,0.000035228462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000100041194,0.00014173552,0.00020170595,0.00023439858,0.00015458236,0.00042173307,0.00045365017,0.00013221292,0.000020930878],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00405081,0.0018736522,0.002305588,0.0003811229,0.0014525012,0.00066420855,0.1002825,0.0053124893,0.000054675944,0.15832186,0.3881912,0.3371094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007914073,0.0030537646,0.00424959,0.0006227925,0.00067593594,0.000026987722,0.21888542,0.0011864443,0.0007670622,0.026150841,0.7357119,0.0007552054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000018544408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000087603345,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9264206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012370832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007815102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.57798064},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1605260562","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2319655","title":"User Fee Design by Canadian Municipalities: Considerations Arising from Case Law","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"User fee; Key (lock); Business; Devolution (biology); Interpretation (philosophy); Politics; Political science; Public economics; Law; Public administration; Economics; Computer science; Computer security; Geography","score_opus":0.01799226592378814,"score_gpt":0.25629740203856033,"score_spread":0.2383051361147722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1605260562","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7976651,0.008308403,0.09230962,0.03529361,0.0013304681,0.0015886329,0.00010595263,0.00017274122,0.06322547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941893,0.0012627722,0.00022539769,0.0013660621,0.00019187074,0.000008090509,0.0000067732376,0.000011672135,0.0027380195],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99747306,0.00026404837,0.00020799403,0.00013139483,0.0002781396,0.0016453667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932086,0.00014862296,0.00009024623,0.00010238296,0.000096597985,0.00024128814],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077778014,0.00009500454,0.00010498324,0.000034118788,0.0016116342,0.0004143385,0.0001159815,0.00009973225,0.0009003095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013465073,0.00009349842,0.000042980693,0.000108895016,0.00011675312,0.0006661478,0.000008213067,0.0005157124,0.00008711711],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002168826,0.000017604261,0.0005579814,3.5740948e-7,0.000041851683,0.000033643886,0.0046327827,0.00008558937,0.00003869732,0.9807576,0.013001466,0.0008302898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053592667,0.000076389995,0.00007094945,0.000019098572,0.00004482855,0.00023683497,0.06136678,0.00027835785,0.0001262015,0.82269716,0.11423703,0.00031044116],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.90642995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9580691,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19652423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020978318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038231777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99968815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1608198193","doi":"10.7202/009194ar","title":"States and Regions in the European Union. Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain.Börzel, Tanja A. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, 269 p.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Études internationales","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"International Political Science Association","funders":"","keywords":"European union; Political science; Humanities; Art; Business; International trade","score_opus":0.021127416369096524,"score_gpt":0.2422712581451416,"score_spread":0.2211438417760451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1608198193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8328562,0.0012513301,0.00481865,0.0029249198,0.00012819121,0.00033475374,0.00004439637,0.000027358732,0.1576142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99229914,0.0051202457,0.00009202158,0.00017688697,0.00003225881,0.0000015777686,0.000020081074,0.0000036392305,0.0022541706],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877053,0.00052892993,0.0001277457,0.00015640944,0.00028977654,0.00012658896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996748,0.00012675168,0.00006291898,0.000057265577,0.000047180874,0.00003110224],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008461414,0.000069913054,0.000061707055,0.000064163716,0.00017599428,0.00006431779,0.00012777693,0.000028731893,0.0000066909342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014571847,0.00006359352,0.000013687017,0.00014815433,0.00023080473,0.0004016518,0.00002754516,0.0000766154,0.0000037349093],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062252298,0.00006107221,0.027037868,0.0000048421293,0.000005372922,0.000022139124,0.0018271602,0.0004920049,0.0000058809187,0.96762705,0.0023970332,0.0005133319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043780528,0.000012527844,0.5081172,0.000047417572,0.0000057824664,0.0000046207497,0.004638573,0.00078013475,0.00000558405,0.00021951282,0.48562548,0.00010538713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042555095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009762896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9674076,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016445802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008341145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6433086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1608411390","doi":"10.7202/602266ar","title":"Décentralisation financière et pays en développement : concepts, mesure et évaluation","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"L Actualité économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Centralisation; Humanities; Political science; Valuation (finance); Economics; Philosophy; Law","score_opus":0.06852841917151338,"score_gpt":0.35719672684640047,"score_spread":0.2886683076748871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1608411390","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6507666,0.0026720741,0.021463344,0.29311624,0.0024983531,0.0014926913,0.00013443187,0.00018056254,0.027675692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95360553,0.015549224,0.0013951553,0.01771954,0.00052322994,0.000032522963,0.00024761038,0.00002330093,0.010903854],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959647,0.0017914493,0.00068606826,0.00053943694,0.00037870373,0.0006396446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998658,0.0003280617,0.00041790804,0.00029048516,0.0001290624,0.00017649526],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031050968,0.00033976743,0.00037385084,0.000051145907,0.0002465846,0.00021033255,0.00027726757,0.00045440492,0.00095968397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004112505,0.00036826637,0.00016866818,0.00033558835,0.00015930134,0.0013069713,0.000038157028,0.00027769597,0.0002588397],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004236688,0.00025070514,0.002788546,0.000026637088,0.000030011524,0.00000442661,0.06010266,0.0013371547,0.00017154367,0.83371305,0.019721204,0.08181166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012367071,0.00029761397,0.1583818,0.0002308246,0.00008610004,0.0000027483707,0.0024759325,0.001181308,0.0016719662,0.08970147,0.74408686,0.00064665376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013839309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014282869,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7440116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012382253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007619965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995357},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1666705873","doi":"","title":"Interaction between vertical and horizontal tax competition: evidence and some theory","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Munich University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax competition; Economics; Ad valorem tax; Indirect tax; Tax reform; Tax credit; Value-added tax; Direct tax; Competition (biology); Public economics; Monetary economics; International economics","score_opus":0.03779379051197773,"score_gpt":0.28968657620447497,"score_spread":0.25189278569249723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1666705873","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9481542,0.001527117,0.007864434,0.0015265623,0.00041180546,0.0006455408,0.00016380464,0.00013013171,0.03957642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98366266,0.013179367,0.00044664548,0.00011714928,0.00037383926,0.0000014929627,0.000084158266,0.000016699474,0.0021179586],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99745286,0.0006862659,0.00021837314,0.0006019133,0.00062423554,0.00041633466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99806136,0.0011173564,0.00014164303,0.00028390813,0.000099033736,0.00029671454],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007404816,0.00025559598,0.00033481064,0.00024291936,0.0008336834,0.0001404834,0.00044277892,0.00028525307,0.0000924972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034738684,0.0002974392,0.00011811012,0.00021025141,0.0010971136,0.0007266114,0.001178249,0.00080810516,0.000009307625],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007092022,0.00017505954,0.04172995,0.00017818315,0.00023301438,0.00020509803,0.028689126,0.000013099558,0.00012459126,0.9089408,0.00034706405,0.018654829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003167449,0.0010985826,0.20478053,0.0053331554,0.0012901389,0.000040563165,0.098744325,0.0026769808,0.00024360232,0.09895012,0.58056265,0.0031118928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022556046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023544247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80999064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005350415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030663042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999478},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1689502819","doi":"10.24124/c677/200830","title":"Inaction Costs: Understanding Metropolitan Governmental System Reform Dynamics in Toronto","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Political Science Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Transaction cost; Legislature; Public economics; Economics; Politics; Business; Cost–benefit analysis; Government (linguistics); Public administration; Finance; Political science","score_opus":0.03505474835729013,"score_gpt":0.3163529178299436,"score_spread":0.2812981694726535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1689502819","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0014021521,0.001999431,0.00015654306,0.0040919348,0.000253449,0.0003583211,0.00002629499,0.000027746182,0.99168414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915116,0.0065441006,0.000027413194,0.0016759633,0.00006558795,0.0000073303404,0.0000049935893,0.000006047276,0.0001569772],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.997048,0.00008387742,0.00027770957,0.00026898732,0.0008665488,0.0014548624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982805,0.000027620485,0.00005873751,0.00016464629,0.000048303318,0.0014201743],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012027778,0.00010319521,0.00020416394,0.00005936981,0.0007943059,0.000053766922,0.00030622972,0.00006524501,0.00012513556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041026704,0.00009724789,0.00004905615,0.000856757,0.00082455523,0.0008195613,0.00002336845,0.000085751824,0.000033055996],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[6.4819324e-7,0.000007746,0.004004422,0.00006695456,9.0238086e-7,0.000016361093,0.000010888293,3.2403022e-9,4.403003e-7,0.9955647,0.00026647828,0.000060470742],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017171529,0.000048659636,0.0016848142,0.0018283565,0.000018962712,0.000023992983,0.97286385,0.0004700176,0.000009933367,0.002463893,0.020061314,0.000354471],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9937285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98959374,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.99310076,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.96517587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025009864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6109239},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W170296267","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2341069","title":"A Political Economy Model of the Vertical Fiscal Gap and Vertical Fiscal Imbalances in a Federation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Economics; Fiscal policy; Russian federation; Fiscal union; Political science; International economics; Macroeconomics; Economic policy","score_opus":0.01198028616913226,"score_gpt":0.2522348953211048,"score_spread":0.24025460915197255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W170296267","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9633562,0.00018120129,0.006649141,0.017137768,0.00007013617,0.00020669683,6.58439e-7,0.0000080570135,0.012390167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99915,0.00019791847,0.000019736262,0.00036943002,0.00010656159,0.0000074910295,4.597989e-7,0.000005051735,0.00014336038],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979568,0.00013665379,0.00026439736,0.00013026728,0.0002916887,0.0012201989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969554,0.00006401261,0.00003176633,0.00006614367,0.000036804468,0.00010574887],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005540819,0.000079844496,0.00013450846,0.00002486193,0.00023205594,0.00009993297,0.0001468983,0.00009595168,0.000023729444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001654694,0.000057256868,0.000055904387,0.00010307891,0.00023908881,0.00037323523,0.000032247477,0.0004979044,0.0000051918514],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019786086,0.00005802779,0.03975198,0.000002536095,0.000008088529,1.8751675e-7,0.00032961994,0.00004600166,0.000089496694,0.9588588,0.000078067045,0.0007574272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005955517,0.00009396151,0.028158832,0.000021196527,0.000014459982,0.000011067174,0.002341508,0.037200335,0.00018108271,0.93111587,0.00015709626,0.00010904718],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036017492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00254268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.037154336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063923676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000865497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23348673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1786270605","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511626883.002","title":"DESIGNING FISCAL CONSTITUTIONS","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics","score_opus":0.030119313644066753,"score_gpt":0.22900353245217445,"score_spread":0.1988842188081077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1786270605","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000009321836,0.00007897381,0.007055288,0.000067189016,0.0001955735,0.00029199358,0.00007118019,0.00013413918,0.99209636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0020367713,0.00038219008,0.00015881991,0.0001314513,0.00017183938,2.2944249e-7,0.000027746808,0.000010383894,0.99708056],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99889684,0.00004470293,0.00011968479,0.00028129495,0.00039042882,0.0002670238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939954,0.00004490301,0.00013826047,0.00018585699,0.00008246545,0.00014895824],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001087822,0.00017366781,0.00019863284,0.000063664564,0.0006731872,0.000060234725,0.000280747,0.00033212246,0.000015971336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021699534,0.00021895824,0.00012748693,0.000010570653,0.000520836,0.00013436006,0.0000632206,0.00021683318,0.000027423004],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016235012,0.0000061330406,0.0000051633415,0.0000056050517,0.000019709787,0.000083008745,0.00014081434,0.0000048814754,0.0000063801344,0.9488392,0.048671607,0.0022012985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021564831,0.00001885673,0.000014288826,0.0000958466,0.00009328381,0.0000011906583,0.00011016365,0.0000074116624,0.000062944375,0.0000832689,0.9990482,0.00024892465],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037153304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000027004158,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9503766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004269023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002672157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8928858},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1821525350","doi":"10.1111/cwe.12122","title":"Value, Structure and Spatial Distribution of Interprovincial Trade in China","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"China & World Economy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Stylized fact; China; Economics; Value (mathematics); Distribution (mathematics); International economics; International trade; Comparative advantage; Product (mathematics); Trade barrier; Economic geography; Business; Geography; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.007427545756263248,"score_gpt":0.23776086551520728,"score_spread":0.23033331975894403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1821525350","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97244877,0.00009309232,0.0017133241,0.0013883207,0.00024710144,0.00020295891,0.000035176716,0.0000151498825,0.023856122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999522,0.00001665545,0.000028103108,0.00005519629,0.0001551463,0.0000025828417,0.000034196994,0.0000037405366,0.00018238489],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937457,0.000049095972,0.00018097366,0.00013931547,0.000100727,0.00015532224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974936,0.000010817025,0.00009198201,0.000066151355,0.000007187434,0.000074474774],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018155927,0.00007025651,0.00013368558,0.000031972846,0.00005703587,0.000031759904,0.00008809702,0.000045763918,0.00005213676],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053428077,0.000069817586,0.000022505988,0.00014938285,0.00011176712,0.000257883,0.00002607141,0.0000737327,0.0000014844941],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014400281,0.00012144385,0.67292374,0.000035000885,0.000012920106,0.0000039677766,0.017809058,0.00044105237,0.000019454576,0.24078414,0.003266049,0.06443917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007351707,0.000047753198,0.89941996,0.000029642313,0.000008336948,4.3808805e-7,0.0003261964,0.0014166952,0.00030676744,0.030034948,0.06752268,0.00015141192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00891733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019159306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22649622,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020585422,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010965671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99873847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1831148619","doi":"10.3968/j.css.1923669720130903.5741","title":"Intergovernmental Cooperation in Cheng-Yu Economic Zone: A Case Study on Chinese Regional Collaboration under Synergy Governance","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian social science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"China; Corporate governance; Regional science; Regional development; Political science; Economic system; Public administration; Business; Economics; Sociology; Management","score_opus":0.011507319157129334,"score_gpt":0.2815440743830547,"score_spread":0.27003675522592535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1831148619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755723,0.000011301965,0.000040101862,0.0025480504,0.00041360717,0.0005771952,0.000018224868,0.000016412194,0.020802839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980808,0.000016567417,0.000007474653,0.0011037312,0.0002127273,0.00006154612,0.0000040499935,0.000007439415,0.0005056573],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983094,0.00010131305,0.00021457895,0.00036111643,0.0005605377,0.00045308803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940467,0.000033241628,0.00010577556,0.0001088359,0.00008787788,0.0002595876],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004541738,0.00011914737,0.000122034035,0.00007541248,0.0011256075,0.0003609896,0.00026497664,0.00006555946,0.00025810406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009704559,0.00012299727,0.000024058374,0.0009457258,0.00043420776,0.0012136465,0.000023882973,0.00009428242,0.00010050017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041434665,0.00047281082,0.32387298,0.0000054135785,0.000018874447,0.0004218375,0.09906419,0.00073966983,0.0005144686,0.5535625,0.012418587,0.008867173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024089229,0.00040618863,0.5772326,0.00004815855,0.000014906863,0.000029795874,0.38795894,0.0032618789,0.000088292574,0.0010832583,0.026342861,0.0011242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.42998567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8663582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55247927,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007020471,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016433236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1833339493","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00448.x","title":"Raising taxes through equalization","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Equalization (audio); Raising (metalworking); Public economics; Transfer (computing); Tax reform; Econometrics; Monetary economics; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.2102285655818817,"score_gpt":0.24809331767719525,"score_spread":0.037864752095313564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1833339493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97395474,0.00020983044,0.0075921165,0.0016736988,0.0018021695,0.00015178933,0.00003423987,0.0000068312097,0.014574596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99638736,0.00030981842,0.00043578635,0.0009890125,0.0010183692,0.0000012176272,0.000007615339,0.000022560795,0.0008282525],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983667,0.00006108375,0.000656366,0.00017938967,0.0000058604282,0.00073057984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979563,0.0001295196,0.0005609559,0.00014957579,0.00019082257,0.0010128258],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014986362,0.00013666021,0.00027549066,0.00024267977,0.00041801925,0.00015706214,0.00032857966,0.00017388762,0.00034628855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004630292,0.00017059808,0.00011969348,0.00019505025,0.00020440546,0.0009304499,0.000007205766,0.00014998596,0.000013491144],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002336492,0.000005904052,0.009056929,0.0000069128964,0.000025216048,0.000052187537,0.00923927,0.001249657,0.000010161379,0.9743386,0.001091869,0.0048999484],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000575523,0.00014044622,0.002000945,0.000097880904,0.00003182086,0.00005053886,0.0051788935,0.00011027485,0.00043694946,0.41719946,0.5737755,0.00040176854],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.36443344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9951406,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.63070714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028113138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023111084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7351488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1856078107","doi":"10.4324/9781315768618","title":"Making Governments Accountable","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Political science; Public administration; Parliament; Mandate; Legislature; Public sector; Government (linguistics); Audit; House of Commons; Context (archaeology); Law; Accounting; Politics; Business; Geography","score_opus":0.07127291255813836,"score_gpt":0.3423097979753269,"score_spread":0.2710368854171885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1856078107","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004365675,0.00023996604,0.0004420184,0.00016057599,0.00062952255,0.00021029945,0.000019409337,0.00008341069,0.99821043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007804074,0.00038950832,0.00009554232,0.0008018421,0.00061317574,0.000005284764,0.00003082746,0.000020516667,0.9972629],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99777246,0.000027890117,0.00016517479,0.00021860075,0.001516328,0.000299533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950045,0.00002336893,0.00015508836,0.00015912692,0.00008361183,0.00007835018],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036402096,0.00013410003,0.00017104112,0.000019371604,0.00018853387,0.00012892224,0.00025784224,0.00028877766,0.0025953897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007132914,0.00013039111,0.000053415046,0.00006703177,0.000081916594,0.00027409886,0.000066589215,0.00011105572,0.0010202429],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000037218588,0.000009521563,0.00015524808,0.00000578476,0.000008452295,0.000002728145,0.00043601857,0.0000018593654,1.358133e-7,0.24842654,0.7493385,0.0016114926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000102648664,0.000009091543,0.00001508436,0.000058618734,0.000017732462,1.1975676e-7,0.00030424152,0.000006176528,0.0000013030739,0.023244286,0.97607285,0.00016787324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029219454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009663458,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22673433,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024556126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001148868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W188344411","doi":"","title":"Experiencias comparadas de federalismo fiscal: lecciones para España","year":2009,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Libros de economía y empresa","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.024073451140344766,"score_gpt":0.3102969926846085,"score_spread":0.2862235415442637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W188344411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93646264,0.0010728067,0.0018204118,0.010973922,0.00061312603,0.00048766242,0.0000367537,0.00023268213,0.048299983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867531,0.001713873,0.00048002097,0.005346644,0.00086202467,0.000031468502,0.00002624006,0.000028275366,0.0047583664],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99714714,0.00025744055,0.0005537434,0.00056807767,0.000387468,0.001086119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987409,0.00012748921,0.0002987041,0.00039825804,0.000034358403,0.00040029376],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003261205,0.00035458425,0.00046049443,0.0000644043,0.00071653584,0.0008759201,0.0005875572,0.00038203967,0.0007715598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008498893,0.00039041787,0.00021900484,0.00030246034,0.00024175349,0.0010944941,0.00006968088,0.00023236252,0.0002802059],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005185675,0.0014518369,0.37711802,0.00009964039,0.0001278618,0.0000894953,0.08023981,0.002279159,0.0012649235,0.3836733,0.13229965,0.020837711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001122623,0.00033986717,0.33606339,0.0001327094,0.000049373582,0.000008377991,0.003589231,0.0039039562,0.0037415214,0.01237771,0.63786083,0.00081038236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000769881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014172318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50556123,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048579604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027160317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99985474},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1886288047","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2247238","title":"Beyond the 'Tinbergen Rule' in Policy Design: Matching Tools and Goals in Policy Portfolios","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Matching (statistics); Economics; Law and economics; Political science; Public economics; Management science; Computer science; Positive economics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.012581118895017621,"score_gpt":0.28320786936779124,"score_spread":0.2706267504727736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1886288047","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9561206,0.0018585447,0.0038518016,0.02501011,0.000095690484,0.0005557355,0.0000017943559,0.000019234676,0.012486482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844151,0.012868767,0.000043975382,0.0009048315,0.0004509107,0.000015135565,9.028968e-7,0.00001092618,0.0012894162],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99719566,0.0002789143,0.0003021663,0.00014240285,0.0003723815,0.0017084511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995614,0.0000964995,0.00014235996,0.00008690546,0.000032593292,0.000080213205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021793447,0.000108653025,0.00014285717,0.00016084865,0.0003183068,0.00023677081,0.00025389678,0.00008602685,0.000053804095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003065654,0.00008160364,0.000038087514,0.00064777164,0.000082900115,0.00071199966,0.000036219233,0.0006474437,0.00002299615],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018416707,0.00005297084,0.03649296,0.00000241509,0.000017592603,0.0000035884573,0.00699471,0.0004127626,0.00021167437,0.8927283,0.00024191497,0.06282266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046077694,0.000045516677,0.06387027,0.000020513584,0.0000047061176,0.000021171809,0.00756711,0.000064075284,0.000031376145,0.92643505,0.0013435397,0.00013587765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020801181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011345661,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062686786,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015388365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028640216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9857194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W189278896","doi":"","title":"Modelli di federalismo fiscale, Canada e Italia a confronto","year":2010,"lang":"it","type":"article","venue":"UnissResearch (Università degli Studi di Sassari)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Economics","score_opus":0.022430767086263056,"score_gpt":0.2695925140219398,"score_spread":0.24716174693567672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W189278896","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3923735,0.0008885842,0.008863743,0.046652604,0.007885632,0.0035310213,0.0012866113,0.00030360234,0.5382147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.86402524,0.0009476877,0.0000854722,0.00035430858,0.0003980412,0.00000991404,0.000096865,0.000046819667,0.13403568],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99234885,0.00049195305,0.0004413113,0.0010487041,0.0036075504,0.002061619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968276,0.00035695324,0.00026399872,0.0007631288,0.00075508974,0.0010332462],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093073153,0.00054295326,0.00065508083,0.00018680973,0.0034045456,0.0005497632,0.0015640741,0.0005021497,0.002035604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032583185,0.00059451355,0.00022710518,0.0014277531,0.0010914879,0.0012443045,0.0007928644,0.0012453933,0.00017003655],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034007942,0.0008503991,0.09412202,0.00010500051,0.0004949679,0.0008285107,0.014383446,0.00051251316,0.00050677796,0.4364172,0.44690242,0.0045366506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023535276,0.00027069903,0.030914072,0.000096594296,0.00018147632,0.000004156434,0.045194745,0.010797718,0.00016200198,0.0012895047,0.90749776,0.0012377223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8476291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9478181,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.47165173,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017741087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0045316988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1900657932","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9787.2011.00751.x","title":"HISTORY, INSTITUTIONS, AND CITIES: A VIEW FROM THE AMERICAS*","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Regional Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Politics; Distribution (mathematics); Local government; Decentralization; Autonomy; Latin Americans; State (computer science); Economic geography; Political science; Geography; Economic growth; Political economy; Economics; Public administration","score_opus":0.08608772811383093,"score_gpt":0.33249635506862407,"score_spread":0.24640862695479315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1900657932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9107896,0.03275904,0.0055161295,0.028767133,0.00243713,0.00015924667,0.0000032647984,0.000014412927,0.019554032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99346703,0.0034781552,0.00039424974,0.002018476,0.00046722367,5.9229814e-7,1.311827e-7,0.0000011463354,0.0001730153],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988333,0.000049912414,0.00012735353,0.000053659365,0.00076712447,0.00016865844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942577,0.00010991893,0.00018715177,0.000052313462,0.000098193836,0.00012667922],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00097154273,0.00003587741,0.00006571477,0.000022882934,0.00040322362,0.000038656184,0.0002502899,0.0000168756,0.0000646952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029019202,0.000022047765,0.000027475968,0.00023684975,0.001613484,0.00095552194,0.000023915914,0.000065976215,0.000005201958],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027905,0.00010864088,0.12250944,0.000003248209,0.000012446089,0.000004383436,0.03592224,0.000012003878,0.00048326797,0.71348566,0.099519245,0.027911501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000058886533,0.000013577627,0.077498436,0.000024630424,0.0000065414306,0.000007269091,0.0021028842,0.0000052707446,0.000006073639,0.0008123435,0.9194303,0.00003376188],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006221679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043934757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81991106,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003801726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067542004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5944949},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1906170204","doi":"10.1506/ap.7.1.5","title":"Governmental Purchase Card Programs: A Case on the Stewardship of Public Resources/PROGRAMMES GOUVERNEMENTAUX DE CARTE D'ACHAT: UN CAS DE GÉRANCE DES RESSOURCES PUBLIQUES","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Accounting Perspectives","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Transparency (behavior); Business; Bureaucracy; Revenue; Stewardship (theology); Governmental accounting; Public administration; Government (linguistics); Work (physics); Accounting; Promotion (chess); Finance; Politics; Public relations; Political science; Accounting information system; Financial accounting; Fund accounting; Law","score_opus":0.03894578743094708,"score_gpt":0.28938073886533927,"score_spread":0.2504349514343922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1906170204","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824158,0.0016737562,0.00031161858,0.0023446456,0.000055777826,0.0005256709,0.000021989039,0.00014354894,0.012507196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99750525,0.0011889953,0.00048733925,0.00026231262,0.00023216143,0.00010020551,0.0000034769178,0.000028605484,0.0001916501],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99692243,0.00048576228,0.00030381358,0.00041984045,0.0010480451,0.00082011014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99872136,0.00024730252,0.00034019598,0.00029593494,0.00026797314,0.00012723856],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016159242,0.00022812397,0.00023849877,0.00005581164,0.0021809442,0.00032081996,0.00044210654,0.00012664037,0.00005624977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012007139,0.0001870886,0.00016178339,0.0006194054,0.0016726159,0.0007276499,0.000081858285,0.0002237193,0.000004251745],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007935741,0.0005869775,0.39807674,0.000031753807,0.0001171874,0.00024532006,0.5447396,0.000011538559,0.00015166959,0.045461483,0.00029222947,0.010206104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076596654,0.00029701594,0.031475008,0.00016007913,0.00006627943,0.00017189774,0.9219145,0.00009065293,0.0039534364,0.0017473056,0.038917232,0.00044059393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028063115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007271775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3771749,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017641182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020922754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991181},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1926992579","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adv022","title":"The political economy of property tax in Africa: Explaining reform outcomes in Sierra Leone","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Sierra leone; Tax reform; Decentralization; Politics; Opposition (politics); Political economy; Elite; Incentive; Tax avoidance; Political science; Corporate governance; Economics; Economic policy; Development economics; Market economy; Finance","score_opus":0.042221102973609335,"score_gpt":0.2792077545476256,"score_spread":0.23698665157401624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1926992579","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.023541251,0.000063062536,0.00004230925,0.015021375,0.00011137327,0.00024879674,0.0000035499966,0.000018945046,0.96094936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983152,0.000014813671,0.000057106863,0.00007773846,0.000031084008,0.00002748768,9.009387e-7,0.000005840268,0.0014698264],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986617,0.00011326456,0.00029035046,0.0001453274,0.00030223394,0.0004871153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994951,0.00011130013,0.00009156385,0.00014042969,0.000041958083,0.00011963622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074756134,0.000078301324,0.0001800984,0.000049356833,0.000083898376,0.00003196173,0.0002272005,0.000057878613,0.000010036237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040879232,0.000045720706,0.000034676345,0.00037107486,0.00027930393,0.00024398243,0.000047334248,0.00008839705,0.000010485117],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037350554,0.00010744192,0.082376726,0.000003913221,0.0000058080755,0.000005554824,0.021616604,0.00001284889,0.000003336888,0.89362186,0.00084686466,0.0013616743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011499949,0.00015232107,0.01782423,0.000044613327,0.000007100597,4.556353e-7,0.7865959,0.0003421328,0.0001151805,0.046448447,0.14705473,0.0002648931],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051931683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011295533,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97477394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078150467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025639497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78505516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1954131462","doi":"","title":"Tax Assignment: Theory Nexus Practice in Australia, Canada, Germany, Ethiopia and Switzerland: Review","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research Journal of Finance and Accounting","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nexus (standard); Autonomy; Tax administration; Economics; Tax rate; Public economics; Tax reform; Political science; Law; Macroeconomics; Engineering","score_opus":0.07039459878326104,"score_gpt":0.41240662083647517,"score_spread":0.3420120220532141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1954131462","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8522731,0.11248285,0.00021222154,0.021991152,0.00035403576,0.00051856117,0.0000064795317,0.0000057462503,0.012155834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9255464,0.07254706,0.000092646886,0.00071594684,0.00018578264,0.0000026102966,3.6841368e-7,0.000004713043,0.00090446655],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99753344,0.00046653236,0.00032799042,0.00011899226,0.001187257,0.000365808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847037,0.0006241962,0.00028878354,0.00006719085,0.00043754504,0.00011189851],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.010172984,0.00006767812,0.00018526269,0.000063507025,0.00019793694,0.00012228572,0.00015695073,0.000057322308,0.000014051654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004983041,0.00005718775,0.000016172142,0.00036598224,0.000116383286,0.0010222972,0.000050235107,0.00042969896,0.0000020312798],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007851324,0.00045776117,0.14004171,0.0015599395,0.00010936574,0.002076576,0.038735915,0.00017909402,0.00032825198,0.32757214,0.23032229,0.25783184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073994504,0.00011116103,0.017844044,0.0027371433,0.000019792053,0.00004447889,0.007596681,0.000027394071,0.000039656577,0.008754881,0.9619198,0.00016502086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.15976687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07954583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73159754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033391724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011744396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9372501},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1961734616","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1017301","title":"Development and Tax Policy: Case Study of China","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"China; Tax policy; Double taxation; Business; Tax reform; Economics; Public economics; Economic policy; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.011013445398403189,"score_gpt":0.29871806968349573,"score_spread":0.2877046242850925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1961734616","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99427325,0.00027700354,0.0034290426,0.00016115529,0.000048240203,0.00011033411,1.7721011e-7,0.0000067927763,0.0016940244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99833655,0.00072889775,0.00007132594,0.000023094542,0.0001345102,6.394572e-7,1.448632e-7,0.0000041928215,0.00070065126],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99843574,0.00004466844,0.0002009651,0.00007897816,0.00033409815,0.00090555154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972045,0.000015839722,0.00012252569,0.000041314273,0.000032931523,0.00006692919],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021590944,0.000054598153,0.00008158919,0.00006142455,0.00039396834,0.00002311372,0.00007221035,0.000033620974,0.000006295455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000057972138,0.000048015325,0.000015219916,0.00022197426,0.000040096107,0.00012250656,0.000016190332,0.0002532917,0.0000011441434],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006760022,0.00058745977,0.088445626,0.000004956108,0.00010749179,0.00023981498,0.11725951,0.000012532423,0.00005830208,0.50896496,0.000044669767,0.2842071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003017015,0.0010946903,0.056147035,0.000028359369,0.000058238562,0.0019810994,0.85233396,0.00001316465,0.00042602373,0.05165285,0.03283143,0.00041615128],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0060223276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.099025235,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73507446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00073554745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016262954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9174152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964972864","doi":"10.7202/602207ar","title":"Politique sociale, redistribution et intégration économique","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"L Actualité économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Services Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et Culturelles","keywords":"Political science; Redistribution (election); Humanities; Philosophy; Politics","score_opus":0.039051849431336855,"score_gpt":0.2948883468966948,"score_spread":0.25583649746535797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964972864","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55521536,0.0012932691,0.036918495,0.25494486,0.0033169412,0.0014081225,0.00041302445,0.00036220948,0.14612769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9720552,0.005475698,0.00031426724,0.012930642,0.0016228464,0.000033034376,0.0002942756,0.000024033852,0.0072499854],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970628,0.00074010587,0.0007353852,0.00055707264,0.00013633631,0.00076832174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99855936,0.00021168281,0.0004647522,0.0003022465,0.00017785757,0.0002841111],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011546627,0.0003564206,0.00043158737,0.00006670868,0.00039281909,0.0003053182,0.00029616975,0.0007526936,0.0005375978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044574632,0.0004264193,0.00023087354,0.00037595205,0.0003398999,0.0018601588,0.00003911637,0.00035908242,0.00025582887],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000443275,0.00022732516,0.00052226486,0.000019681733,0.000023580533,0.0000043320106,0.0029233878,0.00007156369,0.00015692424,0.95116425,0.009011024,0.035831332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000597561,0.00025620195,0.014191651,0.00013624855,0.000048662663,0.000004752782,0.00083659973,0.0005986982,0.0027164328,0.56840956,0.4116188,0.00058481324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004955533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031815951,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41683984,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019244564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008787431,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99981874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1965746851","doi":"10.1920/wp.ifs.1996.9601","title":"Efficiency and the optimal direction of federal-state transfers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":93,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidy; Externality; Distortion (music); Public economics; State (computer science); Point (geometry); Economics; Revenue; Microeconomics; Base (topology); Tax revenue; Finance; Market economy; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.013520342568384594,"score_gpt":0.28866716577225215,"score_spread":0.2751468232038676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1965746851","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0044891117,0.0007730358,0.012708368,0.0017448289,0.0012649131,0.00048990385,0.000028045813,0.000015470263,0.9784863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.39910394,0.022818483,0.000026684724,0.00018112884,0.00016534895,0.000014160422,0.000013220714,0.000010276927,0.57766676],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989689,0.00011743014,0.00017537783,0.00016932793,0.00038713118,0.00018184629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995465,0.000073999705,0.0001557033,0.00013039548,0.000057500238,0.00003588968],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044584472,0.00010213567,0.0002161811,0.000020382557,0.0007392689,0.00016925036,0.00019817897,0.000104661325,0.0005482099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006852218,0.000064784486,0.00007360081,0.00006423487,0.0007652256,0.00014422943,0.00001739929,0.000090471156,0.00007627294],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008699848,0.000234837,0.00053626247,0.00026427562,0.0001879396,0.0000028127251,0.05078271,0.0023262477,0.000056626217,0.07897885,0.7715774,0.09418201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012594201,0.00007438387,0.00040144258,0.00008665538,0.000041021878,3.6231765e-7,0.0011039275,0.00043920046,0.00035580507,0.00032325223,0.9956781,0.00023641238],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007916867,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00088272535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.40081954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004439818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001330157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986895},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966293736","doi":"10.1257/aer.97.3.871","title":"Harmonization and Side Payments in Political Cooperation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Payment; Externality; Politics; Negotiation; Harmonization; Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Public economics; Microeconomics; International economics; Market economy; Decentralization; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.016772944325393058,"score_gpt":0.3265294458021907,"score_spread":0.3097565014767976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966293736","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70694226,0.021251632,0.014525487,0.025512328,0.00056253735,0.0022728406,0.000011338445,0.00011123082,0.22881037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94838464,0.047518425,0.00013601151,0.0037888763,0.000051530656,0.0000052122246,0.000007090425,0.000003903898,0.000104282306],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934876,0.000055489345,0.00021590633,0.00012111703,0.000060368257,0.00019834907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997465,0.00003970941,0.0000795772,0.00005441126,0.000010311898,0.000069503316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005104581,0.00004560045,0.00013247601,0.000018954604,0.00005303883,0.000020677095,0.000042188225,0.000014743994,0.000042394196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009259732,0.00004591531,0.000012780227,0.00011368244,0.00012960928,0.00016905704,0.0000095484,0.000026450723,0.00004683939],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000069083467,0.000033413813,0.16420473,0.00006750785,0.0000051328193,0.0000026221346,0.00037857136,0.000007440255,0.0000111835,0.4400658,0.0011030704,0.3941136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005769076,0.000102267055,0.2390585,0.0007654985,0.00003675284,0.0000026957857,0.001401571,0.0003776598,0.0001740789,0.0015551063,0.7554983,0.00045069522],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020582043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020433567,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7543952,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002777106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005531514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31114027},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966559932","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2005.9669086","title":"The Politics of Administrative Decentralization in Bangladesh","year":2005,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Devolution (biology); Legitimacy; Authoritarianism; Politics; Political science; Context (archaeology); Democracy; Status quo; Economic system; Government (linguistics); Local government; Political economy; Development economics; Public administration; Economics; Sociology; Geography","score_opus":0.07405941617195352,"score_gpt":0.29518940418925627,"score_spread":0.22112998801730274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966559932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84929746,0.033443157,0.00033707655,0.10994039,0.0045079496,0.00069868186,0.00004998101,0.0000056331232,0.0017196698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98018557,0.015045461,0.0015303124,0.0005624558,0.00052570354,0.000015591359,0.000009877525,0.000024706298,0.002100339],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960277,0.000248453,0.0017336629,0.000263321,0.00036807812,0.0013587528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99650705,0.00026460414,0.0010376815,0.00017655698,0.0010553915,0.00095872406],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018431032,0.00033152505,0.00057199685,0.00027621415,0.0009889058,0.00007865595,0.0005933844,0.00015855258,0.00014043899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000783567,0.00030611354,0.00012351914,0.0010321403,0.00077538285,0.00039452495,0.000043898322,0.00026069733,0.000010297053],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000045345136,0.00021627492,0.1328261,0.00024043288,0.00084111496,0.0002812008,0.24721448,0.0014066012,0.000006405736,0.5422864,0.018518861,0.056116793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00093439495,0.00019226354,0.04657425,0.0010776164,0.00009831849,0.00003033869,0.046829518,0.00005827299,0.00031874885,0.0013251253,0.9021626,0.0003985638],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010424213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.92885804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91843385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011359983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009609994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999391},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967201766","doi":"10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00155-4","title":"Economic versus political symmetry and the welfare concern with market integration and tax competition","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Economics; Politics; Welfare; Competition (biology); Economic integration; Tax competition; International economics; Public economics; Macroeconomics; Ad valorem tax; Market economy; Double taxation; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.020050415686646797,"score_gpt":0.253755401859707,"score_spread":0.23370498617306024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1967201766","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8969132,0.00020909762,0.0017192195,0.023970116,0.00052829634,0.00013955722,0.000010157602,0.0000053371728,0.07650506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984825,0.00092273904,0.00014765568,0.00019459167,0.00012531967,0.0000010624227,0.0000010178355,0.000003988749,0.00012112411],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99935836,0.00015060675,0.00020605004,0.00007042989,0.000067353634,0.00014719725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994131,0.00015755717,0.00022869857,0.000045646844,0.000050028735,0.00010498012],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009512731,0.000055374956,0.00012836028,0.000033321438,0.00019254014,0.0002167424,0.0000638558,0.000047376474,0.00012477052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019587816,0.000038021444,0.00002569354,0.000032738673,0.00034559384,0.0005356111,0.000008750735,0.00008411063,0.0000011686957],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000102325066,0.000007916219,0.008127095,0.0000015934692,0.000018619538,4.3026768e-7,0.00023107423,0.000004886652,1.5691623e-7,0.9897493,0.00023246596,0.0015241411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01903331,0.00071493187,0.044912614,0.0000690022,0.00018370351,0.00012154981,0.060852867,0.0026826812,0.00008463264,0.076266006,0.7945568,0.00052192545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013234481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012935231,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91348326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002778061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001671681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20900519},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968343685","doi":"10.1111/j.1754-7121.2001.tb02045.x","title":"Constraints on provincial and municipal borrowing in Canada: markets, rules, and norms","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Incentive; Budget constraint; Insolvency; Economics; Politics; Constraint (computer-aided design); Coping (psychology); Government (linguistics); Central government; Local government; Economic policy; Public economics; Business; Market economy; Finance; Political science; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.017112611884653066,"score_gpt":0.24109024540816834,"score_spread":0.22397763352351527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968343685","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9611352,0.000042566397,0.000017247961,0.012574929,0.0001084976,0.00020906315,0.000045155797,0.000007998924,0.025859304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99879664,0.000109702865,0.000016081955,0.00074802013,0.00006620029,0.000007721842,0.000035437148,0.00000430538,0.00021588561],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990836,0.000055979348,0.00014198192,0.00016649172,0.00022219316,0.0003297777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946487,0.000033950313,0.000042131553,0.00006222147,0.000025730067,0.00037111502],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024942736,0.00007211494,0.00007773069,0.000067111214,0.00026882451,0.00012586097,0.000063630454,0.00006834013,0.00013478073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023346051,0.00007947086,0.000006668453,0.00015697199,0.00012884181,0.000298273,0.000005997971,0.000075170865,0.0000015902289],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034841254,0.000024820696,0.4820148,0.000009781304,0.000005832655,0.00019472609,0.001027797,6.122496e-7,0.0000032829228,0.39655617,0.0022347686,0.11789256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052692625,0.000065316155,0.5657536,0.000033995035,0.0000052251776,0.000013393745,0.005081083,0.0004841779,0.0000078753,0.000556651,0.4272017,0.00027010808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9554692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4249669,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011868057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008114927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99750817},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968672569","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00600_6.x","title":"Redrawing Local Government Boundaries: An International Study of Politics, Procedures, and Decisions","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Citation; Government (linguistics); Local government; Sociology; Library science; Law; Media studies; Political science; Computer science","score_opus":0.08356895816452586,"score_gpt":0.42003285305184646,"score_spread":0.3364638948873206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968672569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864966,0.00072339433,0.0006759659,0.00807519,0.0004152122,0.00017897958,0.000016794258,0.000005182948,0.0034126418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99574083,0.0021813463,0.0002821585,0.0001454049,0.00090700324,0.0000023189941,0.0000026994526,0.000006896782,0.0007313704],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954344,0.00017754505,0.00043148853,0.00016495404,0.0035803923,0.00021124328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99811316,0.00030547378,0.00020785046,0.00007719983,0.0010931336,0.00020319255],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014561369,0.00007741185,0.00013805825,0.0001643511,0.00035731817,0.00027206165,0.00046198023,0.00006289581,0.00005609289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009356325,0.00006538455,0.00003958606,0.00012399744,0.00079742674,0.0007201868,0.00012048582,0.0002272459,0.0000013792655],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017406791,0.0041664722,0.21349087,0.000017977201,0.00056777673,0.00015107634,0.07209207,0.000379725,0.00032014155,0.5701868,0.02691748,0.10996897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028664765,0.0011325147,0.08239657,0.00031578515,0.00002578824,0.00007237949,0.061221257,0.0008790788,0.00013035622,0.007776022,0.8429851,0.00019866518],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005006156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00086192635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81606764,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045667856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055524084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2938152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971626598","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.01.002","title":"Reassessment of the Tiebout model","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Queen's University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Tiebout model; Fiscal federalism; Economics; Normative; Federalism; Point (geometry); Public economics; State (computer science); Competition (biology); Government (linguistics); Macroeconomics; Neoclassical economics; Decentralization; Public good; Politics; Law; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.12072814467852791,"score_gpt":0.28054086426238184,"score_spread":0.15981271958385393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971626598","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87977844,0.000046084606,0.0056397812,0.0019324728,0.00055732427,0.00006676052,0.0000028121278,0.0000029277903,0.11197339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998263,0.00044114818,0.00059669587,0.00016144826,0.00007506604,3.3759312e-7,9.239382e-8,0.0000027879476,0.0004594461],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99943125,0.00004273593,0.00027101664,0.000036024354,0.00011695248,0.00010204616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925834,0.000013823031,0.00049484026,0.000081095954,0.00009917554,0.000052743955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007192144,0.000031502954,0.000088589535,0.000022520991,0.000067755835,0.000023744136,0.0002640985,0.00003686413,0.00007862841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006886959,0.000022356076,0.000077762874,0.000056425488,0.000073732954,0.0003906043,0.000024441411,0.000054125525,0.0000014173343],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000875496,0.00009568569,0.07765767,0.000002678855,0.00002322828,2.349147e-7,0.0039866506,0.00019778196,0.000005833481,0.9056007,0.0018580379,0.010562741],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001782015,0.0002522113,0.43276882,0.000077805074,0.00010952289,0.0000097744805,0.011677416,0.009142356,0.0011201404,0.41267076,0.12999469,0.000394481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000059421316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015188636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49292994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001561229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004697008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09116543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971938591","doi":"10.1007/s11135-010-9372-2","title":"Spatial models of secession-proofness and equilibrium size","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quality & Quantity","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Secession; Incentive; Ex-ante; Economics; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Political science; Macroeconomics; Law","score_opus":0.04330477919969848,"score_gpt":0.3591009334659485,"score_spread":0.31579615426625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971938591","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.987406,0.000033889602,0.0057456377,0.0005352696,0.0004203627,0.00014195849,0.000019188752,0.00003723365,0.005660468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919784,0.00005575877,0.00029546558,0.000096361844,0.00011384865,0.00000270116,0.0000028718014,0.0000047373132,0.00023041871],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986668,0.0001749302,0.0002633435,0.00018834833,0.0005111583,0.0001953977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928576,0.0001946614,0.00016147217,0.00017350781,0.000097445205,0.000087136425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011250159,0.00007277265,0.00017239254,0.000012707323,0.0001597737,0.0000458051,0.0001472523,0.00012314128,0.0001852095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006504016,0.000067567555,0.0000419628,0.00014390211,0.00031116864,0.00045404863,0.00005845097,0.00011104534,0.0000051702104],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007551301,0.00019434752,0.19138357,0.000087558175,0.000008977932,8.5907374e-7,0.0049169096,0.000018661742,0.016167106,0.7791324,0.00027773436,0.0077363346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015886882,0.00013149447,0.73365694,0.00008726246,0.000050847328,7.431698e-7,0.0033059358,0.0056664143,0.02075985,0.22024116,0.013722645,0.0007879963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01941041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013275165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.55889124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001747781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000113908485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98711944},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972019741","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00033.x","title":"Agricultural taxation in developing countries: a survey of issues and policy","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agricultural Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"World Bank Group","keywords":"Agriculture; Developing country; Revenue; Context (archaeology); Tax revenue; Economics; Public economics; Tax policy; Agricultural policy; Business; Economic policy; Agricultural economics; Economic growth; Tax reform; Finance","score_opus":0.02220441961617818,"score_gpt":0.27847544391242546,"score_spread":0.25627102429624726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972019741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993085,0.00014134104,0.000016298702,0.0039841435,0.0000663961,0.0001446885,0.000010065076,0.00001258479,0.002539456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847406,0.014431249,0.00008425451,0.0001484235,0.00008178238,0.0000042226206,0.00003946596,0.0000021302935,0.0004678535],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993254,0.00005982211,0.00022729202,0.00012917428,0.00007794727,0.00018038813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956965,0.00005970247,0.00021129206,0.000037096834,0.000086185384,0.000036069316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002462486,0.00007467832,0.00013855843,0.000029630512,0.000101251615,0.000057139056,0.00007916645,0.0000704149,0.000012266373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019000022,0.000053968535,0.000016142065,0.00030722196,0.00006997071,0.0004558421,0.000021527065,0.000030254609,0.0000065991408],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023026041,0.000025811592,0.76119995,0.00001465438,0.000012009886,6.062555e-7,0.00809205,0.00024774947,0.000042208474,0.22747365,0.0009512281,0.0019170385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013179787,0.000010699779,0.98261636,0.000018365141,0.0000018843507,9.614776e-7,0.0016589452,0.000017184559,0.00010757171,0.00029784077,0.015037902,0.00010048316],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0385935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.055663217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2271758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028520636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008306593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9678086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W19731856","doi":"","title":"Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the New EU Member States : Consolidating Reforms","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"International Surgery","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sewerage; Government (linguistics); Politics; Debt; Economic policy; Revenue; Public sector; Business; Member states; Public administration; Public finance; Quarter (Canadian coin); Public economics; Economics; Political science; Finance; European union; Economy; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.0292803204480146,"score_gpt":0.30760994460079827,"score_spread":0.2783296241527837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W19731856","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0015732677,0.00012812062,0.000781331,0.006051946,0.0018092805,0.00024599937,0.00008025615,0.000040238676,0.9892896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.085553415,0.0008075077,0.000058453687,0.0028821987,0.0016700301,0.000016543701,0.0008260012,0.000031870728,0.90815395],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971982,0.00008579625,0.00056829187,0.0002602537,0.0015690859,0.00031833345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982173,0.0011519161,0.0003544296,0.00014354949,0.0000592856,0.00007353496],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011862541,0.00017859215,0.00021002983,0.00013802263,0.0001731679,0.00016698176,0.00040851056,0.00023897437,0.00209459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044951373,0.0001410311,0.00017316997,0.00015829196,0.00016892675,0.0003961274,0.00007290669,0.00034612048,0.00020249836],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038386926,0.00006108273,0.0125609655,0.000005448078,0.000050345665,0.00005206819,0.005207289,0.000044024444,9.539212e-7,0.14549218,0.83149326,0.0049939817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011617443,0.0000055036207,0.0031107282,0.00019054709,0.000011111476,0.0000032311773,0.0010670403,0.000047804868,0.000007755266,0.014275096,0.9809776,0.00018744191],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018953115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0053591486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14948429,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018973899,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005807626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973337133","doi":"10.5539/ass.v7n2p25","title":"Revenue Mobilisation Performance of Union Parishad in Bangladesh: Is It Convergence of Central-Local Relations?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Local government; Local governance; Corporate governance; Convergence (economics); Business; Central government; Economics; Public economics; Public administration; Finance; Economic growth; Political science","score_opus":0.030545458514551902,"score_gpt":0.2817832854332366,"score_spread":0.2512378269186847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973337133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8591691,0.00002419325,0.0018473972,0.0006704305,0.0002798876,0.0002701094,0.000015751903,0.000011636425,0.13771144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993206,0.00014617821,0.00015472052,0.00006506487,0.00003267122,0.0000049002524,0.0000019030807,0.000003186578,0.0002707665],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840534,0.00010580985,0.00031084687,0.00019605474,0.0006743566,0.00030761806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994445,0.00002009049,0.0002409129,0.00010281231,0.00013116654,0.000060506372],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010447812,0.00006438384,0.00012565753,0.00006982133,0.00028965692,0.000010562009,0.0003012363,0.00009013593,0.00029783772],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012906297,0.00006965901,0.000036621757,0.0014202464,0.0014429635,0.0007664318,0.000033205426,0.00007479402,0.000010978304],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038044214,0.00018905768,0.6092023,0.000028923216,0.0000034190375,8.495506e-7,0.252154,0.0000133747035,0.00072444597,0.08868864,0.0010067238,0.047950175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018960866,0.000060567454,0.97579813,0.000056448705,0.000006632636,1.1512837e-7,0.012380895,0.00027727112,0.0072678197,0.0017252454,0.002123383,0.00011385523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002560242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063791097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3665958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025112487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033701607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5316659},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973469076","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00086","title":"Endogenous public sector budgeting: to centralize or not?","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Centralisation; Decentralization; Welfare economics; Government (linguistics); Political science; Central government; Economics; Local government; Public administration; Market economy","score_opus":0.2620754398538974,"score_gpt":0.22132695817053533,"score_spread":0.04074848168336209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973469076","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97858506,0.000081454076,0.00016696077,0.0113553805,0.0018149206,0.00031781633,0.00007518741,0.000011385594,0.007591803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923073,0.00054048846,0.00024724513,0.0032499235,0.001234074,0.000009100589,0.0000065066956,0.000036029873,0.0023692967],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99766415,0.000107343774,0.00068802043,0.00029011673,0.000009274612,0.0012410909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955292,0.00012542172,0.00043199235,0.00024436667,0.00023774244,0.0034312804],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008638484,0.000206786,0.00041755554,0.00040202503,0.00048299693,0.00033153623,0.00066128856,0.0001794779,0.0018239936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00088564254,0.00022984731,0.0001611716,0.00032707915,0.00014577205,0.0006423775,0.000015828598,0.00019599282,0.00006950356],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037117326,0.000041779094,0.04475463,0.00002099545,0.00013738949,0.00096352265,0.016788866,0.0024293305,0.000057949354,0.91308993,0.007211579,0.014132859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000626408,0.00028976315,0.0017451692,0.000052759013,0.00002556588,0.00028928206,0.0027756605,0.000090125184,0.00012412482,0.0098850615,0.9836575,0.00043862875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3138836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9952946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97644585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004465594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0056667533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979772602","doi":"10.1111/1468-0297.t01-20-00050","title":"Theory of Public Finance in a Federal Stat","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Economic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Population; Capital (architecture); Distribution (mathematics); Economics; European union; Economic policy; Geography; Market economy","score_opus":0.03952660261253837,"score_gpt":0.25802620641415464,"score_spread":0.21849960380161626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979772602","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95155776,0.00050083123,0.0005615514,0.003431097,0.00029570638,0.000061210885,0.0000019795386,0.000004168876,0.0435857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99531525,0.002434301,0.000020239002,0.00014626034,0.0001336881,0.0000010051026,1.0898494e-7,0.000002631689,0.0019465273],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933493,0.00017039543,0.0001797685,0.00004872214,0.00008558692,0.00018060408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970055,0.00006734689,0.0001371706,0.000058827518,0.000010308666,0.00002580678],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011264014,0.000034486817,0.000073500705,0.000022461176,0.00019189494,0.00006610709,0.00018359523,0.000024021785,0.0011188769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000059825492,0.000025561383,0.000033041946,0.000051530864,0.00011548135,0.00027746084,0.000012485906,0.00008859155,0.000056914832],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023518505,0.00006454358,0.07142445,0.0000021221697,0.000015353986,0.000004456317,0.019123906,0.0010811463,0.000009941069,0.8202888,0.010908781,0.07705298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026678243,0.00015161112,0.13211255,0.00008226652,0.000012054095,0.00003306261,0.020430306,0.0055020354,0.00017271363,0.45532033,0.3830842,0.0004310294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010668848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00059870735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37217543,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026879058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007952928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979424},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983760772","doi":"10.1111/1097-3923.00074","title":"Common and Private Values of the Firm in Tax Competition","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Bidding; Microeconomics; Intuition; Private information retrieval; Variance (accounting); Competition (biology); Product differentiation; Econometrics; Cournot competition","score_opus":0.017526665919594665,"score_gpt":0.26222060382937545,"score_spread":0.24469393790978078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983760772","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98954004,0.00019423579,0.00022611282,0.0022204125,0.00022984455,0.000051211617,0.000001954251,0.0000018100161,0.007534358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99859715,0.0009341055,0.000019188154,0.00011325594,0.000086537075,3.2984025e-7,2.1838251e-7,0.0000022683128,0.00024695694],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927115,0.00024248601,0.0002592153,0.000040902774,0.00009160772,0.000094620314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943566,0.00010734117,0.0003469462,0.00005697303,0.000020313011,0.000032743697],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001748557,0.000033602817,0.000108562715,0.000040502116,0.00006816624,0.00003237086,0.0001525058,0.000034122782,0.00013975162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000113157716,0.000024711628,0.000037835754,0.00006362356,0.00015888196,0.00036139198,0.000023595867,0.000065778404,0.0000017098604],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001836837,0.000030335183,0.31967163,0.0000025251836,0.000006672204,7.7094035e-7,0.0014006558,0.000051436826,0.000030284165,0.67437744,0.0002050343,0.0042048153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076330354,0.000059952672,0.55998343,0.00007614384,0.000011311586,0.000010510125,0.0039326036,0.00011061892,0.00014895549,0.36900705,0.06581235,0.00008374056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008967898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00054085033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3053704,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001513355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008237551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1530182},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985083388","doi":"10.1068/c0623","title":"An Approach to Metropolitan Governance and Finance","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environment and Planning C Government and Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Corporate governance; Revenue; Service (business); Business; Service delivery framework; Finance; Revenue sharing; Perspective (graphical); Regional science; Economics; Public economics; Geography; Marketing; Computer science","score_opus":0.013026849976236,"score_gpt":0.27766041316851203,"score_spread":0.26463356319227604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985083388","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94672066,0.001074876,0.004027594,0.0008182308,0.00005453106,0.00024788303,0.000033661665,0.000022343946,0.047000222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991635,0.003383429,0.0014215104,0.00078238477,0.00034736635,0.0000061403875,0.000004568866,0.0000105954405,0.002408963],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853957,0.000039241375,0.00015573969,0.0003178579,0.0005475345,0.00040004821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995415,0.000053264586,0.000078972254,0.00011869532,0.0000032401326,0.00020432928],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004954247,0.00014622648,0.00013936633,0.000021938347,0.00039346673,0.000087148655,0.000087880915,0.00008094223,0.000011082763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004682282,0.00014315652,0.00001525334,0.00010405467,0.00017284925,0.00025901044,0.00005835322,0.000074213836,0.0000040946325],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013274612,0.0001636859,0.33952716,0.000020157844,0.00002111807,0.000007829531,0.018559974,0.00009913147,0.00036675154,0.600172,0.0016712726,0.039258208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047738562,0.00016425808,0.62054724,0.000027257021,0.000019147496,0.0000024056687,0.007082219,0.00022683364,0.0002665324,0.0011328825,0.36969432,0.00035949337],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001020683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000042820637,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5990391,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034547976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015099799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58377534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986406925","doi":"10.3917/risa.764.0687","title":"La dépendance à l'égard des recettes fiscales renforce-t-elle les capacités de l'État en Afrique subsaharienne ?","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Physics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.05893687784107592,"score_gpt":0.34302484175869274,"score_spread":0.2840879639176168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1986406925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8491294,0.00393222,0.0047179144,0.0115369605,0.0011762541,0.00027766178,0.00014485465,0.000073966425,0.12901077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9244649,0.009122414,0.011034188,0.00012703982,0.0006767321,0.00003645686,0.00001700338,0.000020502866,0.054500762],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967736,0.0005407477,0.00054201356,0.000653399,0.0007351226,0.00075511396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99746656,0.0013637507,0.0003809846,0.0002067069,0.00025338927,0.00032862305],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018042721,0.00033060802,0.00030250865,0.00011173007,0.0015275028,0.00047994853,0.0010211737,0.00035689853,0.0020513083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022881876,0.00033169248,0.0001867901,0.0007763825,0.012707791,0.0015872195,0.0001049865,0.00053092174,0.00007164072],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003505974,0.00028877676,0.106815666,0.00015716981,0.00004747109,0.000045819674,0.033896286,0.0002789109,0.0030308361,0.79961246,0.0009466394,0.054844882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074503716,0.0009267346,0.16419134,0.002167628,0.000092103575,0.00037319586,0.035198316,0.0073000635,0.026518565,0.23202613,0.5290261,0.0014347914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001313043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028697765,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56758636,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004478583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010103204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988055228","doi":"10.1093/restud/rdr003","title":"Interregional Redistribution and Mobility in Federations: A Positive Approach","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Economic Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Economics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.08844813950709081,"score_gpt":0.3452344001368522,"score_spread":0.2567862606297614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1988055228","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19214606,0.6359301,0.0014715863,0.008064825,0.00042165106,0.0026871383,0.000058822894,0.00002954848,0.15919025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7821012,0.21763518,0.000042171505,0.00014363005,0.00001982708,0.000028987311,0.0000027882181,8.9525014e-7,0.00002532688],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995653,0.00009204691,0.00016775688,0.00007663362,0.00003913236,0.00005911158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997745,0.00005716635,0.00008553738,0.0000518645,0.000022558004,0.00000834633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063909485,0.000034628632,0.00013079288,0.000005917844,0.00010165233,0.0000038965973,0.000048515212,0.000011706167,0.0000125253655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014510835,0.000023745,0.000022326967,0.000035647587,0.00024093824,0.00008513786,0.000027198417,0.000021427297,0.0000021606706],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020729616,0.0001429978,0.008741281,0.0007349413,0.00006647807,2.1506759e-7,0.025304321,0.0000018136312,0.000001131849,0.95159656,0.0034735645,0.009915988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015848333,0.00034081578,0.6010413,0.015010364,0.00036411925,0.0000065090735,0.1223793,0.00072881556,0.0002487807,0.21736182,0.040061437,0.0008718875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028973157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00027023721,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7342347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012097173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000029033521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0968293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988863383","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.11.005","title":"The progressivity of equalization payments in federations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Jurisdiction; Social welfare function; Population; Per capita; Public finance; Microeconomics; Public good; Subsidy; Welfare; Order (exchange); Competition (biology); Public economics; Macroeconomics; Finance; Law; Market economy","score_opus":0.02799644291005553,"score_gpt":0.2920998052826194,"score_spread":0.2641033623725639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1988863383","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98478895,0.00017832346,0.0024636886,0.004457394,0.0002974903,0.00009434416,0.000002100898,0.00000263624,0.0077150837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99898046,0.0005611751,0.00009048363,0.00003165318,0.00012605016,0.0000011976701,0.0000015390477,0.0000022157622,0.00020522672],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992618,0.00009192936,0.0003810214,0.000035928257,0.0001189616,0.00011036321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992366,0.00007105121,0.0005200377,0.000042977234,0.00010506332,0.000024279696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011403345,0.000029043327,0.00007489637,0.000036397003,0.00017329614,0.00013581058,0.00011350201,0.000033683034,0.000012332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019225472,0.00002226103,0.0000333459,0.00011330234,0.00006746434,0.00051129336,0.000009300209,0.000040332405,8.155086e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005828117,0.00013255645,0.32219985,0.0000023101545,0.000006651659,4.491259e-7,0.00049378286,0.0009136098,0.000016782506,0.6635745,0.0014403325,0.011213303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001620698,0.00013485407,0.36685905,0.00005131213,0.000018629842,0.000002356927,0.004399885,0.003207757,0.0006822946,0.115195855,0.5076109,0.00021640077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015650762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005535141,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5483787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019012662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024099374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30887386},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990910847","doi":"10.1002/pad.381","title":"Guest editor's preface metropolitan governance reform: an introduction","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Social Innovation; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Library science; Citation; Politics; Corporate governance; Political science; Public administration; Media studies; Sociology; Management; History; Law; Computer science","score_opus":0.020961491779084827,"score_gpt":0.29406434157284056,"score_spread":0.2731028497937557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1990910847","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36720774,0.00069629657,0.025402723,0.42749503,0.016063223,0.0017243652,0.000033558907,0.0009517597,0.16042532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831478,0.00021902009,0.0036868383,0.0003719777,0.008441479,0.000024278337,0.00007115928,0.000007057016,0.0040303785],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986395,0.00005718107,0.00024606255,0.0002601753,0.00052979536,0.0002672868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994466,0.000006760314,0.000121570345,0.000114213624,0.000106809064,0.00020407884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045993022,0.000098618315,0.00008731405,0.000027005915,0.00050431036,0.00023453483,0.0001035178,0.00008151007,0.00022813404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001094711,0.000094657604,0.00001201084,0.00016607718,0.00009731963,0.0013534117,0.000019902798,0.00006215886,0.000037381928],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040072096,0.0003453556,0.0041778553,0.0000122042575,0.000016470656,9.1276183e-7,0.0039021191,0.0000016640206,0.00003884115,0.87318325,0.041232042,0.07704919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016128164,0.000046865745,0.013761132,0.0000023665134,0.0000022340803,0.000001128079,0.002714674,0.000026652691,0.00063667947,0.00007607081,0.9824366,0.00013430878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000116966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038313828,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94120455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011379669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055760687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38787985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993194854","doi":"10.1017/s0008423914000237","title":"Quebec and Canadian Fiscal Federalism: From Tremblay to Séguin and Beyond","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Political Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Political science; Commission; Flexibility (engineering); Public administration; Fiscal federalism; Politics; Statement (logic); Law; Economics; Decentralization; Management","score_opus":0.009916071320517176,"score_gpt":0.2550503319634941,"score_spread":0.24513426064297691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993194854","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9467551,0.000057409772,0.00042023355,0.036860947,0.00034370908,0.000069185284,0.000024659968,0.0000029340229,0.015465783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99348885,0.0000057645902,0.00026053097,0.0056848777,0.00025692556,3.9505454e-7,4.6208694e-7,0.0000033835308,0.0002988202],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983374,0.0000636498,0.00017612198,0.00016162786,0.0003847979,0.000876434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99428564,0.000084911415,0.000040851814,0.00007057153,0.00010908609,0.0054089404],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007685782,0.000071012815,0.00012637005,0.00016369212,0.0007224941,0.0004298119,0.00024883435,0.000059476664,0.00011301125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013100174,0.000063825406,0.000019312674,0.00030012048,0.0009203166,0.00038961924,0.000012973722,0.00009178408,0.000008391649],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000016904687,0.0000022986037,0.035396576,8.7422063e-7,0.0000015081424,0.000015273561,0.0022227112,0.0000019471709,0.000046713056,0.9553516,0.0021703225,0.0047885054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001881616,0.00007789156,0.8785282,0.000030620977,0.0000106926955,0.000009238447,0.0021612504,0.00010695184,0.00011443946,0.016765185,0.10184161,0.00016580906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9878491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9982816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9385864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008505159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003579459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6349806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993330301","doi":"10.1177/002795011322300106","title":"Cost Competitiveness Comparisons and Convergence in China","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"National Institute Economic Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Commission","funders":"","keywords":"Convergence (economics); Economics; China; Productivity; Offset (computer science); Labor cost; Unit (ring theory); Economic geography; Geography; Economic growth; Engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.05979189059916804,"score_gpt":0.349005639897841,"score_spread":0.28921374929867294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993330301","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.251977,0.06860169,0.004626133,0.054693278,0.0035888932,0.0073088254,0.00012601455,0.0001352621,0.6089429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8645648,0.13288696,0.00017484273,0.0016416877,0.00009106984,0.00011699913,0.000033371656,0.0000036584452,0.00048662504],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993421,0.00005051037,0.00021951032,0.00013744483,0.00013479503,0.00011567247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997496,0.000034214114,0.000081893115,0.000042664895,0.000041119296,0.000050489925],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037194949,0.000057607307,0.00015164654,0.000023799283,0.00011119628,0.00003958484,0.00009598222,0.000031041785,0.0014093908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000093655835,0.000058783797,0.000020853004,0.000084741834,0.00015344223,0.00065978215,0.000019462354,0.000047565973,0.00039613078],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010633971,0.000026514084,0.06220027,0.000097751355,0.0000045817696,4.47461e-7,0.00012518206,0.00015281554,9.340407e-7,0.92185104,0.008622476,0.006916921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013748466,0.0000026969421,0.16887002,0.00031186233,0.00000270277,5.400257e-7,0.00002608042,0.00051390374,0.0000019580923,0.0011432443,0.82890946,0.000080073645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022136513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020406349,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9207078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000304192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021195224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99950343},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995183872","doi":"10.5539/ass.v6n11p95","title":"Financial Resources Mobilization Performance of Rural Local Government: Case Study of Three Union Parishad in Bangladesh","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Local government; Mobilization; Tax revenue; Per capita; Valuation (finance); Public finance; Business; Government (linguistics); Economics; Public economics; Finance; Public administration; Political science","score_opus":0.010206716806858383,"score_gpt":0.26409195603403396,"score_spread":0.2538852392271756,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995183872","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842184,0.0000060020343,0.00026280267,0.00008376798,0.0002451417,0.0003709337,0.000005541576,0.000013915713,0.014793467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99980336,0.0000103380835,0.000025325142,0.000015759942,0.00009868736,0.000010444922,8.0552843e-7,0.0000048407414,0.000030423873],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976528,0.00009446216,0.00034683372,0.00019735156,0.0013756357,0.00033287416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993959,0.000031430263,0.00026216486,0.00013764673,0.00011498975,0.00005788626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013532882,0.00009333082,0.00017587724,0.000057081303,0.000578384,0.00003828441,0.00036897126,0.00011046359,0.00003583787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019693299,0.00009344731,0.00003280068,0.0015748545,0.0013017388,0.00063673797,0.000081068596,0.00015287407,0.0000014349653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054377404,0.00070559914,0.67207295,0.000018437702,0.0000027910653,0.000021135314,0.09885887,0.000037920014,0.001422651,0.023023082,0.000038647628,0.20374355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007798463,0.0003379164,0.8450615,0.00002940863,0.000012885034,0.000003998475,0.15104415,0.00044416354,0.00097350724,0.00048950134,0.00063380663,0.00018936074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005909339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.035959493,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20355418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019673386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024030503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98163176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995187414","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.07.001","title":"Public input competition","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Economics; Economic rent; Nash equilibrium; Investment (military); Microeconomics; Public investment; Economies of agglomeration; Simple (philosophy); Symmetric equilibrium; Public good; Game theory; Equilibrium selection; Repeated game","score_opus":0.06072870734590684,"score_gpt":0.2660668253238144,"score_spread":0.20533811797790757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995187414","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8745795,0.00013999586,0.019305063,0.0497269,0.0012484628,0.000086665445,0.000004110184,0.000020111078,0.054889172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996748,0.0013834509,0.00050405815,0.00066861295,0.0005335856,5.709057e-7,0.0000023211705,0.0000052246405,0.00015420916],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991987,0.00004912831,0.0003248168,0.00006420739,0.00015819207,0.00020497965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991802,0.000025951826,0.00039564833,0.00006538409,0.00017483732,0.00015800657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093545095,0.000050761224,0.00012014321,0.00008859,0.00016513237,0.00024860335,0.00020898701,0.000066319975,0.00017628103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000262224,0.000050121293,0.00007560848,0.00013746698,0.00008940089,0.0014325783,0.000016634569,0.00009271764,0.0000325071],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000030532808,0.000076585486,0.0090792235,0.0000016589681,0.000013098138,0.0000019827087,0.00060703594,0.00022522754,0.0000060790726,0.9838626,0.0005745533,0.005548924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001096326,0.00010009591,0.0087506175,0.00001702857,0.000009704365,0.000013927095,0.0016906066,0.000036343245,0.00007760289,0.10080044,0.88726646,0.00014082532],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006120736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00068121677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8866919,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066448253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00069236924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23972876},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995969760","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2010.9669337","title":"Effective States and Agriculture: East Asian Experience","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Converse; Profitability index; Economic rent; Rural area; Productivity; Revenue; State (computer science); Government (linguistics); Business; Agriculture; Politics; Capital (architecture); Economic system; Market economy; Economic growth; Development economics; Economics; Geography; Finance; Political science","score_opus":0.022529596958472564,"score_gpt":0.24205735538699358,"score_spread":0.219527758428521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1995969760","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.938856,0.007194039,0.0001513786,0.043927427,0.008107811,0.0006370648,0.000035618945,0.000010224849,0.0010804457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990643,0.0045067477,0.0019934434,0.00080951006,0.00079923304,0.00005302036,0.00001156186,0.000030370335,0.0011530765],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967086,0.00014953094,0.0009708671,0.0004636874,0.00033266708,0.0013747002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99596494,0.000098125915,0.0006785384,0.00017387711,0.0009705378,0.002113998],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011766091,0.00047583634,0.00066049,0.00025128797,0.0013841115,0.0001844162,0.00049952074,0.00022438218,0.00026464523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005985471,0.00044943547,0.000110572066,0.0007847802,0.0010053832,0.00058182125,0.000082712184,0.0005249186,0.000019968413],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035422192,0.00013556641,0.11826539,0.00029605822,0.0010518748,0.0009588866,0.67016983,0.00007373077,0.00014784044,0.074714705,0.016617283,0.117533416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088936865,0.00024190695,0.122060664,0.0007442938,0.00014652601,0.00019099921,0.11691542,0.000012483702,0.00030280848,0.0009930322,0.7567512,0.00075129425],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017326053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9181638,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9008377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0037849247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002961875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996655514","doi":"10.1111/1468-2451.00297","title":"Taxing choices: issues in the assignment of taxes in federations","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Social Science Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Public economics; Accountability; Government (linguistics); Economics; State (computer science); Tax reform; Position (finance); Tax policy; Law and economics; Business; Political science; Law; Finance","score_opus":0.032367007814571476,"score_gpt":0.3762093387385744,"score_spread":0.3438423309240029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996655514","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81705624,0.00009920144,0.0021082454,0.028622216,0.0010078748,0.00020792309,0.000004565418,0.000008111774,0.15088564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982768,0.00044297965,0.00008684043,0.00031693932,0.00045264172,0.000004707991,5.806212e-7,0.0000016460344,0.0004168361],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978684,0.000098135264,0.00027309792,0.000100056735,0.0014363491,0.00022394447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995719,0.000057450314,0.00017681583,0.00003348245,0.00012854494,0.000031795138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002267001,0.00004659655,0.00007163719,0.000121969744,0.000781733,0.0003295977,0.0005887666,0.00003434534,0.00019335937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037372002,0.000036024267,0.000036449735,0.0007395522,0.00035412135,0.0008703403,0.000025967358,0.00013487789,0.000003654172],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022050897,0.00039614926,0.54733604,0.0000015558976,0.0000068571967,0.000028912154,0.070905216,0.0006042763,0.0012259284,0.35670164,0.0017499456,0.021021446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005249265,0.000034787197,0.7429141,0.000064671316,0.0000035799872,0.000007295381,0.03602625,0.00047739327,0.00017529933,0.02409062,0.19554049,0.00014063602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021316635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00433926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33261102,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004976513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024058936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60125375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997661171","doi":"10.5539/ibr.v5n11p54","title":"Fiscal Decentralization and Employment in Pakistan","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Business Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Unitary state; Inflation (cosmology); Economics; State (computer science); Economic policy; Economic system; Labour economics; Market economy; Political science","score_opus":0.07386672719455113,"score_gpt":0.4432036708777283,"score_spread":0.36933694368317715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997661171","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92955464,0.0005949617,0.0033239736,0.011181722,0.00092177955,0.0003928709,0.000009154473,0.00003662573,0.053984288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969708,0.001296221,0.000069505215,0.00008199438,0.00026403455,0.00001866687,0.000018558578,0.000005631636,0.0012746339],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99825144,0.00014042332,0.00014135413,0.00012132878,0.000978175,0.00036727547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950224,0.00009628003,0.000024568435,0.000056712997,0.00023306419,0.00008712067],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010442489,0.00004722927,0.000054184675,0.00013517893,0.00015406043,0.000112365764,0.00014424237,0.000054864915,0.00034471025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003126771,0.000046545087,0.000009436402,0.00055438804,0.00014944343,0.000563746,0.00006476088,0.00008277693,0.000035289362],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028414124,0.00013015153,0.89349914,0.000004356599,0.0000036092447,0.000002443946,0.0025234995,0.000021295606,0.000071554976,0.09461707,0.0013929264,0.0077055697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020907132,0.000003885827,0.8015531,0.00002283632,7.085566e-7,5.0980486e-7,0.0006687735,0.00006195532,0.00006838345,0.0013013928,0.1960557,0.000053719894],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025965443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001502675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19466276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037492352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000628753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3925216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998151429","doi":"10.1111/0008-4085.00036","title":"The deductibility of provincial business taxes in a federation with vertical fiscal externalities","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Liberian dollar; Deductible; Welfare economics; Payroll; Externality; Income tax; Finance; Public economics; Microeconomics; Actuarial science","score_opus":0.06890521243803464,"score_gpt":0.19068388521138163,"score_spread":0.12177867277334699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998151429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98412406,0.0009779288,0.000048611146,0.011829219,0.0012001408,0.00027485474,0.00011300682,0.0000014442223,0.001430759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951699,0.0011468699,0.00006536302,0.00019142231,0.000740925,0.0000069032617,0.0000036453025,0.000018144894,0.0026568398],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979557,0.00020397396,0.0009084109,0.00023240433,0.000010953857,0.0006885997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983688,0.00018641105,0.00035187372,0.000196073,0.00020938132,0.0006874454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009342031,0.00019267411,0.00042479235,0.00011226118,0.00036060857,0.00020114178,0.0003696161,0.00019200396,0.0004808137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026058257,0.00017959093,0.0001033153,0.0002464747,0.0010450013,0.0008098901,0.0000070140877,0.00025142916,0.000006447764],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00061947876,0.00006981088,0.08898318,0.0000858603,0.0000936688,0.00010118831,0.009748062,0.0154743185,0.0000032605712,0.8389656,0.0005893975,0.045266185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042906324,0.0019651784,0.22520989,0.0017525282,0.00026987997,0.00058360706,0.015099349,0.006835904,0.00044068668,0.4381241,0.3038396,0.0015886695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.67281187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99891686,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4008415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0030671863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005350507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94915694},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998499961","doi":"10.1177/1091142106296413","title":"Competitive Governments, Globalization, and Equalization Grants","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Globalization; Competition (biology); Economics; Public good; Capital (architecture); Goods and services; Public sector; Payment; Race to the bottom; Economic policy; Market economy; Business; Finance; Economy; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.02519921920339608,"score_gpt":0.3182010724211086,"score_spread":0.29300185321771255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998499961","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0067935726,0.2998872,0.1664524,0.022936607,0.0012479201,0.0031713485,0.00007554705,0.0003664587,0.49906895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.39281285,0.60136896,0.0003513787,0.0042925356,0.00011831293,0.000018707,0.00004615317,0.000012364732,0.0009787054],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983214,0.00011009679,0.00033075234,0.00023872177,0.0006277862,0.00037121342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933934,0.000057990495,0.00021786496,0.0001344888,0.00016028696,0.00009005136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014750797,0.000108913475,0.00020053682,0.00002323335,0.00032725267,0.000074495445,0.00014637977,0.000064926964,0.00013991442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007054058,0.000106621796,0.000036688474,0.0007548184,0.00014906113,0.00057303376,0.000037740745,0.000046716657,0.000038340113],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002164881,0.000034362318,0.0096242605,0.00015777555,0.000004028419,0.0000015025439,0.00019251369,2.5089628e-7,0.0000015681103,0.9301123,0.003963065,0.055906195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016436093,0.000012457656,0.01672209,0.0006622262,0.000014137421,9.99309e-7,0.00013547236,0.000008342488,0.0000106407515,0.0011890333,0.9809464,0.0001338417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001654087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00059109105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9769833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024720194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010115014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43479106},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006455302","doi":"10.1002/pad.387","title":"Local government and the governance of metropolitan areas in Latin America","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Latin Americans; Decentralization; Corporate governance; Urbanization; Quarter (Canadian coin); Government (linguistics); Local government; Megacity; Economic growth; Political science; Development economics; Geography; Economy; Public administration; Economics","score_opus":0.017074532225854276,"score_gpt":0.2661651950331283,"score_spread":0.24909066280727402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006455302","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63079286,0.0019359143,0.06592252,0.13815778,0.00022504326,0.0014691479,0.00003301991,0.00006846754,0.16139525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99701625,0.00060597854,0.0012255695,0.00047201826,0.000021752823,0.000018719846,0.000003297857,0.0000025990635,0.0006337932],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998902,0.000067721594,0.00025500142,0.00012734033,0.0004912962,0.00015659393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999647,0.00007042399,0.00013141186,0.000056484652,0.000026396921,0.00006827142],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040645996,0.00006547064,0.0001096267,0.000010867193,0.00014214138,0.000054716857,0.00006504697,0.000034600238,0.00007399383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014326166,0.00004947383,0.0000108007325,0.0001475946,0.0003616418,0.00018864824,0.00002753898,0.000042305852,0.0000026342198],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007325605,0.00009788966,0.028914113,0.000008102648,0.000008830535,6.626479e-7,0.004732981,0.0000029782577,0.000002300527,0.80816495,0.00048290734,0.15751103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013231811,0.000038029822,0.18522511,0.000017812625,0.000004196245,8.678131e-7,0.01330001,0.0005303887,0.0003744272,0.00054262724,0.7985001,0.0001432198],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017583156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039194888,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8076223,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034131555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026328446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21871667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006799835","doi":"10.1007/s11516-007-0014-y","title":"Are equity and efficiency irreconcilable goals in education?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers of Education in China","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Equity (law); Human capital; Inequality; China; Public economics; Phenomenon; Government (linguistics); Development economics; Economic growth; Labour economics; Political science","score_opus":0.013143766239568198,"score_gpt":0.3411571602800326,"score_spread":0.3280133940404644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2006799835","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9337135,0.0024576548,0.0009559211,0.0011030742,0.0018618644,0.00026313448,0.000001923534,0.000008744157,0.059634212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99616253,0.00043997183,0.0008738045,0.0002206169,0.000085419844,0.000008821913,0.0000040511213,0.000003835036,0.0022009257],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990949,0.0000466926,0.0002551462,0.00015462392,0.00024515306,0.00020345954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955547,0.000029078723,0.0002056903,0.000093099814,0.000054898777,0.00006175971],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00097078364,0.000058794216,0.00011669179,0.00014642962,0.00007944722,0.000025675252,0.00013230967,0.00006890719,0.000037944483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039197257,0.0000651583,0.000015856955,0.00046482505,0.000108735774,0.00027126938,0.000028391467,0.000063530824,0.0000026356388],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010257776,0.0003562602,0.92858726,0.000013791467,8.9848066e-7,1.1332784e-7,0.0055119675,0.000012350282,0.000007915522,0.009362885,0.023438895,0.03269738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001415211,0.0000100453435,0.94423896,0.000052488725,0.0000023900507,1.17793356e-7,0.020091454,0.000017651582,0.00009577865,0.010037258,0.02523234,0.00007999986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035398016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004269588,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.062449083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000376704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00092771987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53511447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007331925","doi":"10.1111/j.0952-1895.2004.00236.x","title":"Innovative Governance and Development in the New Ireland: Social Partnership and the Integrated Approach","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Governance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","keywords":"Social Partnership; Irish; Economics; Government (linguistics); Celtic Tiger; Economic growth; Market economy","score_opus":0.027578647935668207,"score_gpt":0.26754823034876984,"score_spread":0.23996958241310162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007331925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6674513,0.007954061,0.0076269074,0.027691998,0.00041620695,0.0023539234,0.000021334621,0.0000844299,0.28639984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952685,0.0009921582,0.00031978413,0.0011847113,0.000064334636,0.000029631121,0.0000023788716,0.0000054875995,0.0021329764],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99857855,0.00028240625,0.00018935594,0.00020443767,0.0004830007,0.00026223436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995414,0.0001341793,0.00017565842,0.00008109613,0.000037678485,0.000030014002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010419739,0.00011087618,0.00014091432,0.0000056660815,0.00041035484,0.00010773547,0.00018072777,0.000070777955,0.00001569364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047568732,0.00006540738,0.000013570845,0.0005597457,0.0003961245,0.00019618,0.000023040417,0.00016968243,0.000003687785],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053173822,0.000028262157,0.012405884,0.0000050289427,0.000006693404,0.0000013632646,0.04546939,0.0000028087707,0.0000019657666,0.9262465,0.007822647,0.007956287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001760673,0.000010221427,0.158673,0.000024890953,0.0000049988785,0.0000017550894,0.006753664,0.000032792916,0.000051185274,0.0030084413,0.82951415,0.00016424214],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011904015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018917875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92323804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013759965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030564694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31561592},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007797571","doi":"10.1111/1468-2427.00314","title":"The Comparative Economics of EU ‘Subsidiarity’: Lessons from development/regional economic debates","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidiarity; Decentralization; European union; Position (finance); Political science; Equity (law); Economy; Humanities; Economics; Welfare economics; International trade; Law; Philosophy","score_opus":0.2103480217250064,"score_gpt":0.43989055392625237,"score_spread":0.22954253220124596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007797571","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9614332,0.0020461143,0.00015786044,0.029455606,0.00048264582,0.0000988922,0.00001478241,0.0000035103785,0.0063074287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845357,0.0137131475,0.00013923571,0.00012678375,0.0005676399,0.0000021968433,0.000008866774,0.0000043423315,0.0009020911],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99836695,0.00017141188,0.00038334794,0.000115315066,0.00076386513,0.00019913186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979904,0.0009819735,0.00027027525,0.000057336638,0.0005895708,0.00011038665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011633454,0.00006761726,0.00013966668,0.000110590525,0.0003806556,0.00013000984,0.0005112977,0.00006072807,0.00006979199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011288741,0.000050122406,0.000065068925,0.00007667825,0.0007185761,0.00028390935,0.00006524744,0.00019205014,0.000012350098],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013146419,0.0002748223,0.074641645,0.000003483994,0.00059382315,0.000031105574,0.016790818,0.0004278708,0.00015900635,0.81502134,0.070902646,0.01983882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005571082,0.0000446979,0.04092106,0.000059752452,0.000005338255,0.000010586959,0.004625152,0.00026774383,0.0003123229,0.017879907,0.9352367,0.00007961489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070442667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019389859,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86433405,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034367692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00084825465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29277337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009133429","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2343231","title":"Selective Decentralized Leadership","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Business","score_opus":0.02402178396820772,"score_gpt":0.2688004144067636,"score_spread":0.24477863043855588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2009133429","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7158608,0.012792495,0.08452947,0.048452545,0.0019981884,0.0020886494,0.0000028901918,0.0004594407,0.13381557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98259836,0.008601936,0.000047678495,0.00051469624,0.000272835,0.000009283325,0.0000013246796,0.000011411237,0.007942479],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99637616,0.00018263688,0.00018095516,0.00013793164,0.0004886442,0.002633664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995094,0.000041653573,0.00011708595,0.000070093716,0.00013321567,0.00012853947],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000984642,0.00009591968,0.00011241461,0.000041924224,0.0005451562,0.00014991609,0.00022619157,0.00009009847,0.00048198196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018768264,0.0000864139,0.000079429505,0.0003070659,0.00009728282,0.00060238945,0.000010034404,0.0007015851,0.0003197688],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026714204,0.0000733649,0.015425618,0.0000023846753,0.0000660231,9.210445e-7,0.0031718325,0.000013891878,0.00016282419,0.93997514,0.005220451,0.035860825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013479313,0.00022329883,0.010245693,0.00002800269,0.000035821588,0.000026762658,0.051459625,0.000065279506,0.0003281686,0.8639569,0.07188424,0.0003982513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014471434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037772453,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2667376,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017574489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019537064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5277364},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012165523","doi":"10.7202/039324ar","title":"La concurrence entre gouvernements est-elle bénéfique? *","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"L Actualité économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Concurrence; Humanities; Philosophy; Physics","score_opus":0.024019485919390193,"score_gpt":0.27779573101477745,"score_spread":0.25377624509538727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012165523","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7751944,0.0006619166,0.0013285197,0.0062253377,0.005940734,0.000562481,0.00012000072,0.000111319736,0.20985527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95453274,0.0025942866,0.00037391155,0.0016019893,0.0007655198,0.000035703735,0.000026394702,0.00002789333,0.040041544],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99773616,0.00038156623,0.00047725625,0.0005125461,0.00023207521,0.00066041364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985092,0.0004344632,0.00031037666,0.00034773303,0.00008693973,0.00031127135],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00077687367,0.00029733567,0.000316036,0.000034689674,0.000315928,0.00021096393,0.00048798457,0.00060911267,0.007496168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034624495,0.00032737473,0.0001525929,0.00025243487,0.0008301568,0.00079225254,0.00012256495,0.00056762935,0.0012116729],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019423602,0.00028147252,0.013343162,0.000055843797,0.000040005318,0.000014779638,0.010279055,0.000021569223,0.00026991047,0.8852414,0.011005784,0.079427585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056490616,0.000048624774,0.002419736,0.00009054255,0.00003888205,0.0000044214976,0.0016159796,0.00042411822,0.0017655874,0.015820108,0.97680336,0.0004037443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004175376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0071602096,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96579754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034919672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005237159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999178},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014842662","doi":"10.1007/s10502-005-9016-9","title":"Macroappraisal, the Next Frontier: An Approach for Appraising Large and Complex Government Institutions","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Archives and Museum Informatics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Mandate; Government (linguistics); Frontier; Work (physics); Public administration; Institution; Function (biology); Disposition; Cultural heritage; Political science; Business; Public relations; Engineering; Law","score_opus":0.06625252815709108,"score_gpt":0.3264979636023527,"score_spread":0.26024543544526163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2014842662","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.070382744,0.0002008108,0.84705615,0.0026888787,0.00013380307,0.0012676321,0.00012505135,0.00006716671,0.078077786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95327866,0.0010852147,0.044035036,0.0012015662,0.00014988544,0.000042293173,0.000049432958,0.000005824242,0.00015206772],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991993,0.000029853109,0.0002090642,0.00007685171,0.00023433061,0.0002506403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961334,0.00008445921,0.00009378086,0.000110957735,0.000009360504,0.00008811514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002284186,0.000082707746,0.000096210744,0.00001297476,0.001030201,0.00023243435,0.00012146577,0.000031641168,0.000005266646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004715851,0.00006055133,0.000026499984,0.00005446826,0.00027249975,0.00076939695,0.000047800986,0.00005708498,8.2583205e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034783174,0.00016334793,0.0021562227,0.0000695324,0.000024378229,8.235302e-8,0.182098,0.0004804471,0.000029146951,0.7075172,0.0032078594,0.10421901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00047035614,0.000036185444,0.0040241396,0.000010102855,0.000016595252,0.000001286864,0.050387006,0.103519544,0.000007341335,0.00050269155,0.8409137,0.00011105857],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000035981277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012774962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88289595,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020028447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004096371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7923577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020046509","doi":"10.1002/pam.2027","title":"Local Government Restructuring: Privatization and Its Alternatives","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":319,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Restructuring; Local government; Private sector; Business; Competition (biology); Public sector; Government (linguistics); Politics; Public service; Service delivery framework; Economics; Scale (ratio); Organizational structure; Service (business); Market economy; Economic policy; Public economics; Public administration; Finance; Economic growth; Marketing; Economy; Political science; Management","score_opus":0.013065151692104792,"score_gpt":0.302580088834979,"score_spread":0.2895149371428742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020046509","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82595956,0.00065734354,0.14232777,0.008770983,0.00009070961,0.0001935762,0.000003050201,0.000009866081,0.021987166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742712,0.023980638,0.00020437136,0.00025230358,0.00012793709,8.808065e-7,5.090826e-7,0.000002660152,0.0011595275],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890405,0.000056661913,0.0002401016,0.00009314445,0.000575822,0.00013019843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995355,0.000020279009,0.00026563174,0.00004813551,0.000044157834,0.000086301785],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034365343,0.000062414954,0.00014369492,0.00014600583,0.00014817486,0.00007448749,0.00008107441,0.000024263067,0.000027288277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000056669418,0.000051760235,0.000054973785,0.0005364328,0.000053244974,0.00025329122,0.00004566121,0.000035822464,5.081413e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008424673,0.00011068633,0.061268203,0.000042624688,0.0013417844,0.00005496191,0.0052267327,0.002619312,0.000057293637,0.83365315,0.00057793397,0.09496305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012601756,0.00016638923,0.67089635,0.00007978464,0.0014803635,0.0000075154117,0.00827332,0.0045379954,0.00046143864,0.010627828,0.3019139,0.0002949432],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002318556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002613136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82302535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016357058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000015390398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21107212},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030542621","doi":"10.1111/1467-937x.00230","title":"Redistribution, Fiscal Competition, and the Politics of Economic Integration","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Economic Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Politics; Competition (biology); Economic history; Economics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.03673171236837533,"score_gpt":0.3126363700096685,"score_spread":0.2759046576412931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2030542621","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04957578,0.7877735,0.00045423975,0.09499736,0.0009206542,0.0015421289,0.00015631429,0.000026724161,0.06455329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5392945,0.46017194,0.0000064437872,0.00021995668,0.0000819956,0.000008687271,0.0000025999318,0.0000014185683,0.0002124691],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993535,0.00012691601,0.0003172833,0.000066997345,0.00005520769,0.00008009228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993566,0.0002479595,0.00024363738,0.00010439907,0.000035616522,0.0000117766285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006948232,0.00005047784,0.00023647437,0.000006449081,0.00020762795,0.000007279105,0.000100071506,0.000015432213,0.0001032752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022597694,0.000028404796,0.00005382867,0.000028872133,0.0008283041,0.00007075626,0.000029574725,0.000026278789,0.000015069017],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000024888034,0.000005533109,0.00034344592,0.0001459033,0.000030293071,1.3912192e-8,0.0016834829,0.0000032717883,3.5421473e-7,0.98345345,0.01294832,0.0013834668],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003467736,0.0001863802,0.009206911,0.009435887,0.0009885344,0.000006781317,0.035498038,0.0026668648,0.00060397893,0.32320163,0.61408174,0.00065550476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001408043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00014174354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6602518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001238547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001723856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30519208},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035495151","doi":"10.1177/0192512111414447","title":"Fiscal federalism and soft budget constraints: The case of China","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Political Science Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Revenue; Local government; Incentive; Economics; Federalism; China; Accountability; Politics; Debt; Central government; Economic policy; Communism; Business; Finance; Market economy; Public administration; Decentralization; Political science","score_opus":0.034603744179740166,"score_gpt":0.34740156410416206,"score_spread":0.3127978199244219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035495151","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10171204,0.005170807,0.004456728,0.09256749,0.0012751699,0.0010707681,0.00008375403,0.000076042124,0.7935872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99513674,0.0024740694,0.00012773469,0.0020799078,0.000060340826,0.0000052987357,7.087562e-7,0.00000175933,0.000113459035],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988396,0.00006290654,0.00021011266,0.0001494977,0.00043034402,0.00030754792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994925,0.00007484622,0.00007074708,0.00008748915,0.00010698948,0.00016739333],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001082979,0.000055179014,0.00010154741,0.000018964081,0.00026260197,0.000047325615,0.00031212787,0.000023493845,0.0005954484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012010222,0.00003536977,0.00003904617,0.00019494901,0.002857349,0.0002875754,0.000070505186,0.000057203084,0.000011708844],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010220974,0.00002300451,0.0010395752,0.000023005528,0.000002624897,0.000016866039,0.00038157764,2.985652e-8,0.0000052988685,0.9847214,0.0002723896,0.013513208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008976649,0.0002216185,0.13178658,0.003461122,0.00018138949,0.0015261966,0.005111902,0.0008441712,0.0009000366,0.61641777,0.23775145,0.00090012164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036263051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012640777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8934247,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009159729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013524388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039099427","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2010.01.001","title":"Capital-tax financing and scale economies in public-input production","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Aoyama Gakuin University","keywords":"Allocative efficiency; Economics; Tax competition; Public capital; Production (economics); Microeconomics; Capital (architecture); Economies of scale; Competition (biology); Public finance; Returns to scale; Scale (ratio); Tax revenue; Monetary economics; Finance; Double taxation; Public economics; Ad valorem tax; Macroeconomics; Public investment","score_opus":0.016158654991777655,"score_gpt":0.22945165640569457,"score_spread":0.2132930014139169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2039099427","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881329,0.000060077826,0.000010915971,0.007566512,0.00032334978,0.00011924039,0.0000015884854,0.000011735044,0.0037736665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976256,0.0011088654,0.00018481065,0.0002740459,0.00017521721,0.000006386513,0.0000010367295,0.0000032290484,0.0006208049],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914694,0.00001123462,0.00013663154,0.00031339168,0.00011735788,0.00027446044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965256,0.00002553948,0.00007208845,0.00009106559,0.000046366877,0.00011239385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008809591,0.000065645414,0.00008957377,0.000086723536,0.00048737065,0.0002154317,0.00013030379,0.000056766403,0.00001176954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017181374,0.00006767438,0.000012208572,0.00019623073,0.0010896506,0.0014242948,0.00004253233,0.00008149567,0.0000052551086],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000092444,0.00004467615,0.43564963,0.000006756166,0.0000018403308,5.795236e-7,0.006424681,0.000057213852,0.0005046322,0.52965707,0.0019056888,0.025737982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004559166,0.00005104763,0.60032356,0.000024776156,0.0000053992385,0.000013056874,0.005446566,0.0035318716,0.00056876184,0.028972017,0.36014172,0.0004653406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006349493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01292333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.50068504,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001516696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003834547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7211522},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040167718","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.11.002","title":"Shared accountability and partial decentralization in local public good provision","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Development Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Accountability; Incentive; Economics; Complementarity (molecular biology); Government (linguistics); Public economics; Democratization; Economic system; Central government; Local government; Public good; Agency (philosophy); Politics; Democracy; Public administration; Microeconomics; Market economy; Political science","score_opus":0.020343999578443878,"score_gpt":0.2531111796990179,"score_spread":0.23276718012057404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040167718","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99173194,0.000060417322,0.005904134,0.0012133241,0.00021806678,0.00020894421,7.159171e-7,0.0000056144077,0.00065687066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99822634,0.00051480264,0.0010128324,0.00014009792,0.00005782127,0.000004631386,0.000003407029,0.0000048163993,0.00003524358],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99893266,0.000055952874,0.0005269831,0.000111445435,0.00016432583,0.00020865511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939114,0.000035148372,0.0002961191,0.000047929414,0.00011135081,0.000118330565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066949317,0.00007136382,0.00015108945,0.00006743901,0.00010934982,0.00019680327,0.000117611366,0.000077771765,0.00017207945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009583824,0.00006736287,0.000022801169,0.00011158787,0.00006652681,0.0014483712,0.000030104284,0.00007160731,0.000012523623],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036611746,0.00021118046,0.8536546,0.00001708854,0.00001904273,0.0000013015872,0.008817355,0.00029000317,0.000019644393,0.016631944,0.00058390066,0.11971733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001727098,0.00007608236,0.8334647,0.00007412996,0.00000956875,0.0000049839973,0.006649178,0.0029827103,0.0006192412,0.00396112,0.15010111,0.0003301062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016005973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00086082175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14951721,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061053724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005673688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2746978},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041243122","doi":"10.1162/jeea.2008.6.6.1244","title":"Bidding for Horizontal Multinationals","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the European Economic Association","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Bidding; Microeconomics; Economics; Business; Industrial organization","score_opus":0.022209889817780007,"score_gpt":0.2598258621487557,"score_spread":0.2376159723309757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041243122","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9285011,0.000058978236,0.003145315,0.0057672523,0.0028880974,0.00023545709,0.000016702235,0.0000144807,0.059372578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99496937,0.00015196747,0.00020884647,0.00015561943,0.0011899109,4.9289554e-7,9.015268e-7,0.000006918964,0.0033159882],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991852,0.00021646685,0.0002574321,0.00004634864,0.0001870278,0.00010749764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988582,0.000142092,0.00084214157,0.000037700276,0.00009283897,0.000026996982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017787983,0.000036369715,0.00007682123,0.000021433807,0.00038444367,0.000028610675,0.00016586973,0.000023960705,0.000020938378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007516334,0.000029373137,0.00011962666,0.000038090748,0.000021243564,0.00029343678,0.0000141787095,0.0000514049,0.000024008168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007577943,0.00016775975,0.60262483,0.000007588093,0.00019947857,0.0000047158233,0.016449744,0.004080842,0.00054187875,0.029058106,0.32644182,0.020347482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013886379,0.00006248459,0.49363342,0.00003071558,0.00004035828,0.0000057840366,0.0008807898,0.00049914466,0.0004074958,0.0016107939,0.50129247,0.00014791673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014610745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003680654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17485064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011394325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011443284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29795766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042026627","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2009.09.011","title":"Overlapping soft budget constraints","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Urban Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bishop's University","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Decentralization; Budget constraint; Competition (biology); Constraint (computer-aided design); Set (abstract data type); Equalization (audio); Economics; Public economics; Microeconomics; Computer science; Engineering; Market economy; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.013655544775002844,"score_gpt":0.2507031188610934,"score_spread":0.2370475740860906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042026627","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90977186,0.00034976046,0.006717787,0.0058044787,0.0012002896,0.00010956362,0.0000056320687,0.000017687478,0.07602297],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967787,0.0008144645,0.00033395583,0.0011306676,0.00051365624,8.2917225e-8,4.2233052e-7,0.0000028940462,0.00042514468],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936545,0.000024103794,0.00029199495,0.000056618017,0.00010518205,0.00015666075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994287,0.000034161698,0.0003456092,0.000049136594,0.000053871034,0.00008850309],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038119144,0.000049780923,0.00013240027,0.000034844914,0.00010264626,0.00006866213,0.00013541534,0.000052944517,0.00011921812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011054877,0.000050034792,0.00007511511,0.00005167738,0.00008486898,0.00041820272,0.0000048618035,0.00007731987,0.000013582635],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013407948,0.00029348474,0.08238031,0.000007373695,0.00008291069,0.000036850215,0.011309341,0.001770057,0.00027346797,0.6222645,0.092930615,0.18851703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014186064,0.00030176938,0.04986643,0.00007183748,0.00003983846,0.00002646727,0.0033093463,0.0004239291,0.00024122429,0.033090904,0.91088986,0.00031978945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009048962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000017445847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81795925,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021730195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019966254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20403597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044773446","doi":"10.1093/publius/pjq007","title":"Federal-State Tax Interactions in the United States and Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publius The Journal of Federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; State income tax; Tax competition; Endogeneity; State (computer science); Indirect tax; Competition (biology); Income tax; Public economics; Gross income; Tax reform; Labour economics; Demographic economics; Econometrics","score_opus":0.01384854515950976,"score_gpt":0.27054339799189125,"score_spread":0.25669485283238147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2044773446","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92531097,0.000035669545,0.00014061083,0.072289765,0.00061297143,0.0000895043,0.0000053931662,0.0000031518325,0.0015119765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99451685,0.0007710965,0.000026138912,0.0038003095,0.00014555447,0.0000014027208,0.0000027931585,0.000003926012,0.00073190633],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987752,0.00026300098,0.00024018085,0.000047691374,0.0004776655,0.00019626967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99915713,0.00032862579,0.00022574312,0.00007839363,0.0001454866,0.00006462116],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012135142,0.00006300477,0.00008574348,0.000052295163,0.00061559555,0.00040546944,0.00028050417,0.000018177185,0.000044339547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029708477,0.00003430009,0.00002222512,0.00024727886,0.000102418104,0.00044357934,0.000019004967,0.00037310552,6.3675935e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022262722,0.00028866756,0.12905814,0.000017886465,0.00010834116,0.00010353653,0.13443838,0.001332056,0.000494799,0.055386554,0.66805005,0.0104989875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040741963,0.000026525104,0.073905036,0.000018611096,0.000014038849,0.00005507205,0.017339304,0.00027267364,0.000060576207,0.0070571015,0.90073633,0.000107287655],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.84701097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9831722,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23268633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008895257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031979752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47347257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045993495","doi":"10.1080/00048623.2008.10721326","title":"The Changing Face of Government Information: Providing Access in the Twenty-First Century Suhansini L Kumar (ed)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Australian Academic & Research Libraries","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Library of Parliament","funders":"","keywords":"Face (sociological concept); Government (linguistics); Political science; Library science; Computer science; Media studies; Sociology; Social science; Philosophy; Linguistics","score_opus":0.09723088973172707,"score_gpt":0.3688619502198617,"score_spread":0.2716310604881346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045993495","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8679683,0.0020069499,0.00026813394,0.100302346,0.00068192586,0.0031951568,0.00008562529,0.00010086273,0.025390657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98369986,0.013214671,0.000022374683,0.00030520404,0.00018223752,0.00006497994,0.000009705025,0.000007685267,0.0024933033],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99525404,0.0005085422,0.00046365292,0.0001743442,0.0026983742,0.0009010368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99858785,0.00080389745,0.00019418144,0.0002507281,0.00006821362,0.000095102914],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003008745,0.00012309145,0.00014302773,0.000091241825,0.001976851,0.0004335127,0.0015131222,0.000183446,0.00006102227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009809546,0.00008105284,0.000053525764,0.0015004323,0.0012421302,0.0044646016,0.00030321558,0.0007535836,0.000026742873],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020291877,0.00007824024,0.19335094,0.00012093318,0.000030463849,0.00001429075,0.2545848,0.00014096587,0.000046664944,0.37061366,0.17254995,0.008266188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002903604,0.000038919847,0.027678788,0.00011171346,0.000003658898,0.0000016484167,0.08719011,0.000045310335,0.0015305141,0.0015685274,0.88141435,0.00012607579],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00094009796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017304994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70886445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002587444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003284253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048460734","doi":"10.1111/1468-2451.00298","title":"The imperative of fiscal sharing transfers","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Social Science Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Equity (law); Redistribution (election); Fiscal capacity; Autonomy; Fiscal federalism; Economics; Revenue sharing; Public economics; Business; Revenue; Finance; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.020767427768478404,"score_gpt":0.3446251572277985,"score_spread":0.3238577294593201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048460734","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7384333,0.00003886987,0.0039028563,0.017459823,0.00203383,0.000105024665,0.0000038005048,0.000015185108,0.23800732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976314,0.00057169184,0.000031923995,0.00012422181,0.00062382023,0.000001465806,2.8264878e-7,0.000002215094,0.0010130194],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99805075,0.000031231786,0.00021036423,0.0001009477,0.001350324,0.00025639465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994738,0.000045731194,0.00012002622,0.000033945504,0.0002526833,0.00007382166],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014508754,0.00004566135,0.000058197886,0.000041367857,0.0026395682,0.00033829105,0.00074431015,0.000032072054,0.00018856663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025837816,0.00003281177,0.0000686572,0.00041612567,0.0009783446,0.00069449143,0.000033793935,0.000119613345,0.000005048996],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000065936474,0.000063948864,0.08796289,5.035335e-7,0.000023308052,0.000007440325,0.022978114,0.000046911537,0.0020129748,0.8168951,0.00131286,0.06863002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012183614,0.00015802502,0.40452987,0.000053936128,0.000024309704,0.000038930877,0.041815255,0.0013259036,0.0024514354,0.0927965,0.45520052,0.00038694413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017173862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001945118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7240986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037645112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020250672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99865884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048502062","doi":"10.1350/clwr.2011.40.1.0215","title":"Federal Spending Power in Three Federations: Australia, Canada and the United States","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Common Law World Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Constitution; Government (linguistics); Political science; Context (archaeology); Power (physics); Separation of powers; Public administration; Enumerated powers; Law and economics; Law; Economics; Politics","score_opus":0.06634757656485094,"score_gpt":0.31226929780729945,"score_spread":0.24592172124244852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048502062","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43004182,0.124985754,0.0003285357,0.050481107,0.001680495,0.0059723244,0.00004032376,0.00015596514,0.38631368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9707126,0.023625799,0.000029441491,0.0043184087,0.000018125145,0.000020603064,0.00001400841,0.0000047918325,0.001256242],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905235,0.00020443102,0.00022962295,0.00010581142,0.00021971531,0.0001880438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963784,0.00009642484,0.00008056054,0.00011480099,0.00002169427,0.00004868605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050691946,0.00007601954,0.00017537476,0.000015062043,0.00040945245,0.00008432758,0.00013554709,0.00001716619,0.00054493285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003840068,0.00005217682,0.00002374497,0.00037877174,0.00018891595,0.00015334104,0.000030043271,0.0000898708,0.00000648668],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010019488,0.0000144098585,0.03077602,0.000053203574,0.0000061547194,0.00000528595,0.00059580914,0.000002163277,4.70615e-8,0.962719,0.005365944,0.00045189142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046561865,0.0000092302425,0.02555847,0.0011798036,0.000024957671,8.305251e-7,0.0002857509,0.000036938512,0.0000073737506,0.025077267,0.94716597,0.00018776461],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.93387985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9981058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94180006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011565787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054509906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5966633},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050371790","doi":"10.1111/0735-2166.00067","title":"Jane Jacobs on the Organization of Municipal Government","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Urban Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Local government; Politics; Institution; Government (linguistics); Public administration; Work (physics); Unit (ring theory); Center (category theory); Sociology; Regional science; Political science; Economic growth; Geography; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.012030321639705232,"score_gpt":0.2345730190680084,"score_spread":0.22254269742830315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050371790","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87616944,0.00011915234,0.000136698,0.004305486,0.00028414078,0.00012686948,0.00000534985,0.000007702174,0.11884517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961152,0.00066525326,0.000032626373,0.00016586212,0.00020044885,3.0188255e-7,4.5327357e-7,0.0000060930615,0.0028137725],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984748,0.000103745864,0.0002770184,0.00005319466,0.0009664296,0.00012481092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938166,0.000090023306,0.00029415553,0.000096557305,0.00008730291,0.000050325245],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046499175,0.000056150282,0.000111264824,0.000013455402,0.00013166717,0.000026147689,0.00022245247,0.000044969573,0.002163842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023273834,0.00003731997,0.00005574679,0.000288088,0.00009052228,0.00015724383,0.000008680079,0.00008822976,0.000026147713],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00059045065,0.0017410824,0.12799694,0.000035241916,0.000256385,0.000051294264,0.101864785,0.004882465,0.0020397103,0.4172329,0.3023148,0.040993974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019516224,0.0010585672,0.054984543,0.00035832243,0.000155621,0.00001081056,0.060323313,0.00027985073,0.011767463,0.0018418826,0.8668675,0.0004004932],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005459499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000035518926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5645527,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020192596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006873094,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051020871","doi":"10.1093/publius/pjp030","title":"Federalism and Fiscal Policy: The Politics of Equalization in Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publius The Journal of Federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Politics; Fiscal federalism; Political science; Public administration; Economic history; Law; History; Decentralization","score_opus":0.013513490579879136,"score_gpt":0.2681913515043193,"score_spread":0.2546778609244401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051020871","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8130738,0.00059479114,0.0005039613,0.18021044,0.0002890546,0.00016413437,0.0000063840894,0.000003994777,0.0051534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945282,0.0008591291,0.000018692968,0.003999199,0.00026835332,3.478062e-7,9.162596e-7,0.00000360421,0.00032161182],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983086,0.00030986915,0.00040333183,0.00005214015,0.0006755865,0.00025049126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916995,0.00017594695,0.00036515715,0.00008657938,0.00012457119,0.0000778033],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009797524,0.00007264111,0.00015268428,0.000054549273,0.00039512987,0.00012686542,0.00026339578,0.00004000586,0.000012231116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044560918,0.00004249148,0.000032721102,0.0003225377,0.0000981918,0.00033379334,0.000019246501,0.00013478035,1.6114677e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007458907,0.00010085883,0.030926963,0.000013865324,0.000032526783,0.000011850523,0.03308855,0.0008694251,0.00015388164,0.88551056,0.039111033,0.010105883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020400013,0.00025997136,0.66200703,0.00017126695,0.00007725378,0.0000711694,0.023279892,0.0008762766,0.00084497477,0.1470963,0.1628717,0.00040416303],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.69986737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6531047,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7384143,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042970915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001125412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3532252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053821251","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.07.007","title":"Tax competition with heterogeneous firms","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Economics; Competition (biology); Tax competition; Microeconomics; Industrial organization; International economics; Public economics; Ad valorem tax; Tax reform","score_opus":0.021379107336589376,"score_gpt":0.24556857065132426,"score_spread":0.22418946331473488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053821251","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97590435,0.000082343824,0.004649584,0.007462246,0.00020275735,0.000051062136,0.0000034113414,0.000007802509,0.01163642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969691,0.00075837004,0.00077486015,0.00048693694,0.000582829,5.1789766e-7,0.0000012978331,0.000004826202,0.00042123173],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942195,0.000037175076,0.00021937375,0.00005333128,0.00012106627,0.00014712567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994191,0.0000215391,0.00031737238,0.00005103596,0.00009134243,0.00009963299],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042468694,0.000044486787,0.00009852472,0.00004022975,0.000107581865,0.00012008843,0.00012813463,0.000039957242,0.00023257943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000034397635,0.00003747338,0.000043262076,0.00006058375,0.00005913239,0.00071436726,0.000007748076,0.000058354755,0.000018953466],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121322206,0.00053503533,0.13406207,0.000012029003,0.0001627476,0.000022517954,0.0046299156,0.022835925,0.000032131597,0.6592303,0.007298583,0.17105745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005263154,0.00012863515,0.0028618074,0.000011425212,0.0000102748445,0.000027783148,0.00056764093,0.0004798573,0.000121662124,0.0012999331,0.9938681,0.0000965667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000028286742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014043214,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9865695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002613458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017719415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25465816},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056223203","doi":"10.1002/1099-162x(200002)20:1<74::aid-pad11>3.0.co;2-l","title":"Institutional development. A third world city management perspective, Ronald Mcgill, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1996, 240 pp.","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Perspective (graphical); Library science; Sociology; Media studies; Management; Operations research; Computer science; Economics; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","score_opus":0.033388490958389375,"score_gpt":0.28253538473516643,"score_spread":0.24914689377677707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056223203","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0878291,0.00025780417,0.0024886634,0.009805529,0.00029760174,0.00072831527,0.000017808365,0.0002360169,0.89833915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97346145,0.00042322252,0.009112475,0.0012733343,0.0000725858,0.0000763556,0.00009424854,0.000009067546,0.015477257],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978014,0.00006463661,0.00039972906,0.00042970624,0.0008757833,0.00042870844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999375,0.000025842746,0.000103171835,0.00010895434,0.00012542213,0.00026161407],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004991714,0.00019311368,0.00015199778,0.00010204353,0.001674246,0.0002496363,0.00017047179,0.00008116592,0.0023347454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038220314,0.00019648181,0.00003005605,0.00047248908,0.00018513919,0.00037995432,0.000048539267,0.00009863484,0.0001404287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007581282,0.00022806828,0.01212746,0.000023140412,0.000061953244,0.000028190276,0.0026383735,0.0000052554115,0.0000015505175,0.8711661,0.0046526263,0.10899146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043429516,0.000014348167,0.06438664,0.000022933853,0.0000057922152,0.000006024484,0.0012801838,0.000016015736,0.000096762946,0.0010506808,0.9324174,0.00026893298],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008003873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002472382,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9277648,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00077099074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009117149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99962544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056974699","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9906.2008.00398.x","title":"Voters’ Preferences Regarding Municipal Consolidation: Evidence from the Quebec De-Merger Referenda","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Urban Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Consolidation (business); Public economics; Economics; Population; Unit (ring theory); Business; Demographic economics; Finance; Sociology","score_opus":0.0647837930177135,"score_gpt":0.2940279111530467,"score_spread":0.2292441181353332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056974699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98122245,0.0021113856,0.0011567012,0.0055015655,0.000746516,0.00010934175,0.0000053211943,0.000019622787,0.009127108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937728,0.0032447246,0.00026831625,0.00018118684,0.00073202077,0.0000014887955,0.0000012760265,0.0000057399334,0.0017924499],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99821454,0.00033355848,0.000363631,0.000109678156,0.0007401902,0.00023841723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986687,0.00046063858,0.0004482982,0.00014579803,0.00016851113,0.00010808611],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074993056,0.00008999509,0.00017082614,0.00003029218,0.00047645866,0.000092154245,0.000435038,0.00008136545,0.00033113544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00083315704,0.000060282484,0.00010827502,0.00022274628,0.00027634055,0.0007889343,0.00003148045,0.00020402603,0.000016083446],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030418858,0.00012025715,0.48373252,0.000008524685,0.00015450302,0.000094119154,0.19342336,0.0003520724,0.0006323987,0.008293481,0.30811572,0.0047688666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015113705,0.00031412908,0.3742109,0.0013013899,0.00023909118,0.000050450803,0.11404545,0.00033383828,0.0017816109,0.0027897947,0.50280565,0.0006163205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010442491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012109437,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19468994,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028943433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049429963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99614704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057831783","doi":"10.1111/j.1754-7121.2009.00091.x","title":"Federal grants to municipalities in Canada: Nature, importance and impact on municipal investments, from 1990 to 2005","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Capital (architecture); Humanities; Capital city; Geography; Art; Archaeology; Economic geography","score_opus":0.022100893284829084,"score_gpt":0.2889578836072544,"score_spread":0.2668569903224253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2057831783","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89052373,0.00092610583,0.000004435838,0.1031004,0.0006042528,0.00048799376,0.00087184104,0.000009181654,0.003472066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9717346,0.0002035719,0.000072163486,0.025184505,0.00023717938,0.000016882896,0.00025532447,0.000012306898,0.0022834635],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974613,0.00014916435,0.0003999708,0.0004408407,0.00054505223,0.0010036513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99773055,0.00005607543,0.000107177046,0.000257403,0.000052209343,0.0017965792],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026496436,0.00026198116,0.0002620825,0.00016398795,0.00034629036,0.00031160092,0.00026563616,0.00026171963,0.00034545103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024162822,0.00029024357,0.00003693034,0.00067961524,0.0000726102,0.00059158035,0.00001395629,0.00027551656,0.000019255318],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016547804,0.000170604,0.2939282,0.000012763325,0.000050837916,0.00026633762,0.005856286,0.00016273094,0.000009256957,0.5423525,0.13296396,0.024061041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040040727,0.00034226733,0.6495275,0.0001102268,0.000009375087,0.00000220563,0.003612513,0.00051829696,0.00002710376,0.0025855475,0.34240776,0.0004567898],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9948924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999787,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53976697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006813228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.010769407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058739311","doi":"10.1111/j.1754-7121.2004.tb01972.x","title":"Wildavsky on “rescuing budgeting from American administration” and Heclo and Wildavsky on “village life in British budgeting”","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Government (linguistics); Public administration; Political science; Administration (probate law); Management; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.012922157351773003,"score_gpt":0.25348029458886023,"score_spread":0.24055813723708724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058739311","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96135616,0.00009710292,0.00013671788,0.031200634,0.00015367489,0.00034979035,0.000073062314,0.000052010495,0.006580845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99587554,0.00028436273,0.00019758192,0.003078251,0.00027990196,0.000021802925,0.00012940339,0.000019197174,0.00011396187],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99802977,0.00012476645,0.0003585387,0.0005003972,0.00045076868,0.0005357727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987245,0.000115660514,0.00019426753,0.00014943177,0.000060686234,0.0007554338],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004217311,0.00016994274,0.00020851409,0.00014561642,0.000645749,0.0007979471,0.00013523328,0.00015026842,0.000046109853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011622772,0.0002291256,0.000028851384,0.0004601135,0.00030955276,0.0005325304,0.000012965239,0.00018952301,0.000009716709],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014566364,0.00038265157,0.311678,0.000042565585,0.000046696696,0.00042680863,0.0061277854,0.000060670554,0.000090338646,0.53693026,0.003132014,0.14093654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030153508,0.0016571106,0.7203675,0.00057608634,0.00003725755,0.000021527514,0.019531427,0.0003336034,0.0002692949,0.0066360873,0.24603072,0.0015240511],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.123065434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9123883,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7893229,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00062339153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021273792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93434703},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060553563","doi":"10.1016/s0014-2921(01)00183-0","title":"Tax competition, rent-seeking and fiscal decentralization","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Economic Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Wilfrid Laurier University","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Rent-seeking; Competition (biology); Welfare; Public economics; Tax competition; Politics; Tax reform; Indirect tax; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; Market economy","score_opus":0.020584058432897664,"score_gpt":0.26821098207849725,"score_spread":0.24762692364559957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060553563","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.018405404,0.089320146,0.015141897,0.004545557,0.0012237693,0.0012306394,0.000019516903,0.00016992948,0.86994314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.47470284,0.5187832,0.00029869427,0.0033270612,0.00021150713,0.000006126209,0.000033248692,0.000027478354,0.0026098508],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988325,0.00046998906,0.0002564601,0.00018131548,0.000085987114,0.00017374192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964654,0.000023056666,0.00012971082,0.0001079166,0.000013552715,0.00007920943],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008278202,0.00007572458,0.00013480731,0.000012935489,0.00020384211,0.000068098016,0.00008239691,0.000016122214,0.00081981154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001546702,0.000076983444,0.00003561145,0.00006362763,0.00007183189,0.00021828963,0.00001461023,0.00003574498,0.0003823773],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018503073,0.000025170779,0.020259008,0.00020997622,0.000010337911,0.000004046604,0.0005265267,0.000018568117,0.000007774913,0.9259933,0.03152414,0.021419296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012299547,0.000007093076,0.0037948485,0.00038683874,0.000014640427,0.0000018793703,0.00004841225,0.000019430847,0.000006102999,0.00036866273,0.9951275,0.00010159052],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003529084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006446716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9636034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010843793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035177407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8976361},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2061347761","doi":"10.1007/s11127-005-2059-x","title":"James T. Bennett, Tax-Funded Politics. New Brunswick, NJ and London: Transaction Publishers, 2004. 204 pages. USD 29.95 (cloth).","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Choice","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Database transaction; Public finance; Economic history; Political science; Politics; Media studies; Economics; Sociology; Law; Computer science; Database","score_opus":0.024979831205148077,"score_gpt":0.2629354369314493,"score_spread":0.2379556057263012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2061347761","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21649142,0.04746115,0.030796345,0.4437869,0.0038341703,0.0027010234,0.000090641064,0.001518554,0.25331983],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9266807,0.008683585,0.0006844816,0.007570753,0.003931431,0.0000193836,0.00008134623,0.00005942182,0.05228894],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99749243,0.00012436276,0.0003317786,0.00045095192,0.0007973844,0.00080306124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998778,0.00014771502,0.00016366119,0.000251304,0.00013522073,0.0005240966],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004510318,0.00021313952,0.0002260995,0.000085636966,0.0005224737,0.0011930269,0.0003169605,0.0002400958,0.0013115278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047747718,0.00022099867,0.00008525126,0.00064117915,0.00021069394,0.0039956267,0.000029391178,0.00022488742,0.00006830071],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016923366,0.00021827222,0.036499634,0.00003365962,0.00004532069,0.0000023002665,0.002827969,0.000040855186,0.000038309245,0.06878108,0.82032853,0.07116713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00086536753,0.000031230396,0.024526259,0.000017364662,0.000023498886,0.0000019845695,0.00060913846,0.00018789007,0.00007852395,0.00074780267,0.9726442,0.00026675206],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03491663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08590329,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7101892,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044928267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00076243427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99984384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064399714","doi":"10.1068/c0634","title":"The Restructuring of Municipal Services: A Canada—United States Comparison","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environment and Planning C Government and Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Restructuring; Service delivery framework; Business; Private sector; Government (linguistics); Local government; Public sector; Service (business); Public administration; Economic growth; Economics; Finance; Marketing; Political science; Economy","score_opus":0.015312827385576717,"score_gpt":0.25405746840405824,"score_spread":0.23874464101848153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2064399714","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961382,0.0007944535,0.000013086745,0.00091955526,0.00004054507,0.000089968096,0.000025256893,0.0000058083647,0.0019730928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915374,0.007163564,0.00002400723,0.00022252138,0.00008912738,0.0000026373045,0.00001259956,0.0000045449824,0.00094359746],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892926,0.000053469856,0.00016117754,0.00010563039,0.0005368346,0.00021361215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958843,0.0001273412,0.00011939037,0.000083845734,0.0000033188403,0.00007768421],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013163264,0.00008397314,0.00010169907,0.000011609214,0.00070590316,0.00002399806,0.00009084432,0.00003496813,0.000010245866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000019037498,0.000065057844,0.000012257576,0.00006570778,0.00020546383,0.00006531563,0.000054697597,0.000058930895,4.001566e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000086276654,0.000026028993,0.9193315,0.000028704251,0.000038546914,0.0000072872776,0.06607367,0.0013065588,0.00004592558,0.0090262955,0.002180619,0.0018486027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003458968,0.000044692955,0.30963904,0.00003832911,0.000014878559,0.0000013631824,0.019893017,0.0016149635,0.00021381791,0.00020679132,0.66784394,0.00014330355],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.34765148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05042616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6656633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015012117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000043984277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.96690106},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068887871","doi":"10.5539/ass.v5n8p14","title":"The Role of Efficient Urban Governance in Managing Kuala Lumpur City-Region Development","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Business; Transparency (behavior); Accountability; Decentralization; Urban planning; Government (linguistics); Good governance; Economic growth; Political science; Economics; Finance; Engineering","score_opus":0.007990795592659255,"score_gpt":0.25405135723279704,"score_spread":0.2460605616401378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068887871","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.20105074,0.00032389187,0.0007599965,0.005571866,0.00031884122,0.00040638982,9.541609e-7,0.000045583638,0.7915217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99929875,0.00008267211,0.0000664909,0.00012645425,0.00007705164,0.0000039896695,2.606825e-7,0.000002391468,0.00034193296],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979762,0.000058851983,0.00022615877,0.00022620417,0.0010399583,0.0004726661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995768,0.000026906158,0.00016942262,0.00009877133,0.00006535604,0.000062727755],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010111681,0.000075284515,0.000098817945,0.000030241526,0.0013561748,0.00009870919,0.00053245225,0.00004552595,0.0000068768604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013989967,0.000063613166,0.000031676424,0.0012907077,0.00071502087,0.00022578178,0.000045201534,0.00007780633,0.0000055865844],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008225005,0.000055018805,0.010635072,9.95652e-7,8.661967e-7,0.0000014916186,0.025660764,0.0000064549417,0.00013419549,0.52096283,0.00012641402,0.4424077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022966378,0.000028559523,0.86461234,0.00004694813,0.0000031381394,2.78758e-7,0.014501571,0.00015020232,0.0020216268,0.01378759,0.10440954,0.00020853845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023020798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003695135,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85397726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051523553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036663198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999439},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071342094","doi":"10.7202/602366ar","title":"Fiscalité superposée et externalités fiscales verticales : faut-il reconsidérer le débat entre concurrence et coopération fiscales?","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"L Actualité économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Art","score_opus":0.04591531115139947,"score_gpt":0.3031206596749013,"score_spread":0.25720534852350185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071342094","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7657137,0.0034275397,0.011916962,0.17941138,0.0023586778,0.0011375999,0.0005081466,0.00026514908,0.035260838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9519749,0.006526137,0.0005872697,0.01665507,0.0005796136,0.00004542668,0.00022195528,0.000043890857,0.023365688],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9947984,0.0014857883,0.001174735,0.0010093246,0.00044790294,0.0010838493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997392,0.0009379298,0.00042951392,0.00056198344,0.00017723134,0.000501365],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001329393,0.00062022597,0.0007510984,0.00008223858,0.0004637652,0.0005539131,0.0005807667,0.00071698264,0.0013737298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006355167,0.000655101,0.000355484,0.00041970346,0.0007991903,0.0023309742,0.00011035398,0.00056556903,0.00044189923],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000097263204,0.00064608554,0.008604171,0.00006648684,0.000059650534,0.000023412445,0.010993221,0.0002073467,0.00044326577,0.9225051,0.015938327,0.040415686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002144019,0.0005326053,0.049420454,0.00085455546,0.00015977483,0.000029089202,0.0028644844,0.0028681934,0.0068120793,0.15683462,0.77580565,0.0016744868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023487352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004181921,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7656705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043200827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00077645306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959004},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072278714","doi":"10.1017/s0008423914000225","title":"Authority Migration and Accountability in Canadian Public Governance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Political Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Public administration; Corporate governance; Conceptualization; Political science; Government (linguistics); Politics; Democracy; Ideology; Legislation; Business; Law","score_opus":0.019295891503480562,"score_gpt":0.2887275880499359,"score_spread":0.2694316965464554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072278714","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9647633,0.000055760585,0.00016834053,0.022039473,0.00034018664,0.00006467134,0.000008308955,0.0000022940346,0.012557659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99903935,0.000015644124,0.00007647586,0.0006968263,0.00012633458,5.2472507e-7,2.321833e-7,0.0000019203676,0.000042697386],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998067,0.00009708607,0.00021336185,0.00013460148,0.00044695512,0.0010409793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967164,0.00006727106,0.000071144445,0.00008026163,0.00021355737,0.0028513824],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030891942,0.000054372682,0.00010074664,0.00013542829,0.00048824667,0.00025742114,0.00030031547,0.00006223634,0.00008406783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0048287273,0.000051564366,0.000019680285,0.0006286807,0.0011016752,0.0009382103,0.000007316411,0.00012966672,0.000004442606],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[5.5489386e-7,0.0000028928068,0.3076103,0.0000010710389,2.1879045e-7,0.0000022440931,0.00040770925,8.314981e-7,0.0000047528642,0.69023734,0.000064055836,0.0016680224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008200258,0.00002454253,0.9350037,0.000018027644,0.000001731863,0.0000033167091,0.0005263356,0.0002562095,0.000021615826,0.012254672,0.051738884,0.00006897207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9822792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9991869,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6779827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002688234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009880341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957327},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073109323","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12015","title":"Sharing the Blame? Local Electoral Accountability and Centralized School Finance in California","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economics and Politics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Blame; Local government; Context (archaeology); Public administration; Political science; Economics; Business; Psychology; Social psychology; Geography; Law","score_opus":0.010936198232349792,"score_gpt":0.24839549370246733,"score_spread":0.23745929547011754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2073109323","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960599,0.00020538917,0.00006758181,0.0017351614,0.00007803873,0.00018750827,0.0000142840745,0.0000070493165,0.0016450926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964816,0.0025075448,0.00003393683,0.0006515641,0.000093741684,0.000009445892,0.0000025485815,0.0000043198324,0.00021532663],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993266,0.000026557302,0.00015912317,0.00014760158,0.00004622491,0.00029390957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972934,0.00004808121,0.000043504086,0.00009215198,0.000016584734,0.0000703405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019784029,0.00006508694,0.0000991322,0.000011832566,0.00018442373,0.00016575064,0.00009000267,0.00005814795,0.00007539329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040871688,0.000054837546,0.000014831713,0.000044731,0.00021850129,0.0002085732,0.000040553892,0.00007359243,0.000021384543],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005963132,0.00002572678,0.5679122,0.000009396668,0.000004672236,2.6144915e-7,0.001827495,0.00011961382,0.0000028739707,0.4263793,0.0006065979,0.0031059044],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00083418883,0.000029160647,0.55847806,0.000023205424,0.000011256881,0.0000013033259,0.0026192756,0.023654249,0.000082202096,0.09439949,0.31953785,0.00032973816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015819358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0056637307,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33197978,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017312447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007851514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907344},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074722725","doi":"10.3917/cris.2007.0005","title":"Finances publiques à Bruxelles : analyse et enjeux","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Quebec Rehabilitation Research Network","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Slogan; Humanities; Philosophy; Politics; Law","score_opus":0.024441837663459167,"score_gpt":0.32370024107139334,"score_spread":0.2992584034079342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074722725","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15672246,0.12542194,0.01584346,0.5404475,0.0059498814,0.00091144716,0.00015535414,0.000489064,0.15405893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9327332,0.030816298,0.0005867212,0.013249404,0.0010294386,0.000011588025,0.00003853409,0.000026184207,0.021508647],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963488,0.0004797476,0.00058784534,0.0006257496,0.001056216,0.0009016483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983443,0.00014903984,0.00034451895,0.0004138617,0.00041612904,0.00033213332],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00092928857,0.00039757576,0.00047868644,0.000093060335,0.00073999405,0.00043475765,0.0005480141,0.00038126088,0.0013736938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000618986,0.00040497642,0.0002828874,0.0011279832,0.00060594373,0.0019906585,0.00006671515,0.00031098496,0.00027032418],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053643373,0.00043391855,0.0089873085,0.0000365659,0.00004431337,0.00008082428,0.0068171257,0.000134374,0.00002387047,0.41664016,0.47714433,0.08960356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00055345113,0.00023678289,0.021393303,0.00022951058,0.00012134235,0.000007579807,0.00261397,0.00082875724,0.0002529783,0.03139088,0.94184464,0.0005268256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019203919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012269616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.77601075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033538952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008320176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076047010","doi":"10.1093/jopart/mup028","title":"Stability and Punctuations in Public Spending: A Comparative Study of Budget Functions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Incrementalism; Public spending; Economics; Government spending; Public economics; Government (linguistics); Stability (learning theory); Distribution (mathematics); Political science; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.22569216589215502,"score_gpt":0.44477055660841847,"score_spread":0.21907839071626345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076047010","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98562646,0.00010336225,0.001686854,0.0039453697,0.000039394003,0.00029314967,0.000003847768,0.000003639408,0.00829791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99962956,0.00012580745,0.00003411035,0.000013114403,0.000051495874,0.0000034505583,0.0000022843778,0.0000014915717,0.00013870922],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974819,0.0010480488,0.00039042335,0.000112685404,0.0007577623,0.00020921015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985161,0.00048602896,0.00019793051,0.00007733853,0.0005422186,0.00018038938],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006687162,0.000054414562,0.00015826269,0.0002478159,0.00031537522,0.00019598135,0.00010709841,0.00004586303,0.00013467982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015121796,0.00004484042,0.000019672187,0.0006412357,0.0003360879,0.00084269897,0.00001759042,0.0002122363,6.986383e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018384052,0.0020736486,0.11499612,0.000005382285,0.000020365718,0.0000055734054,0.01189007,8.0299714e-7,0.00008550739,0.865897,0.00021258587,0.004629098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001864063,0.00576306,0.49870676,0.00002644849,0.000013458787,0.000008259178,0.31856704,0.00007408568,0.00012703527,0.16870245,0.0060227457,0.00012459363],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000023752824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001839547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6971946,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010034448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055085286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2425643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077496705","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2008.018","title":"Public private partnership for efficient and sustainable water supply development in Indonesia","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Practice & Technology","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Transportation of Ontario","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Water industry; Bankruptcy; Water supply; General partnership; Government (linguistics); Payment; Finance; Engineering","score_opus":0.03221086349675793,"score_gpt":0.2781746890731921,"score_spread":0.24596382557643415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077496705","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9632825,0.00007966981,0.0019334431,0.03205763,0.000045200653,0.0006395958,2.5663817e-7,0.000116076655,0.0018455969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973566,0.0001339565,0.0007562946,0.00037202556,0.0000234372,0.00018326913,0.00001066792,0.000011248613,0.0011525218],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99812764,0.000092856695,0.000238466,0.00028667453,0.00024945152,0.0010049093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995417,0.00006287044,0.000058471756,0.00013732398,0.00014175629,0.000057862257],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011767107,0.00010971889,0.00014560382,0.00020204038,0.0006378532,0.00006294231,0.00017931485,0.00022048368,0.000022782991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004052562,0.00007813055,0.000015749652,0.00026726857,0.00026980272,0.00048507267,0.00015886608,0.00013174069,0.000031310523],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032977408,0.0008552836,0.29116663,0.00010015981,0.00004816766,0.00030631883,0.057263177,0.000060871753,0.002066832,0.6409303,0.0012094986,0.0056630014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007903255,0.000052594627,0.0027753892,0.000007249644,0.00000872108,0.000016978423,0.004865598,0.0000318031,0.038234666,0.0026410548,0.9503872,0.00018846251],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012558643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008473032,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9491777,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027779263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012494494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49059156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079319047","doi":"10.1080/07293682.2012.663329","title":"The mythical arguments for decentralisation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Australian Planner","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Political science; Public administration; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.04527906690742017,"score_gpt":0.3448060877469713,"score_spread":0.29952702083955113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079319047","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8057585,0.000721633,0.010634614,0.11299503,0.012433846,0.004124576,0.0001895611,0.00045842308,0.052683853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98490834,0.000105353756,0.00014033746,0.00044228297,0.00059360394,0.00003503355,0.000030340916,0.0000065833283,0.013738136],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888635,0.00006505485,0.00013302053,0.00008990131,0.00031027067,0.00051540456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995595,0.0001275365,0.000057850615,0.00009087316,0.00003460053,0.00012964285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005552633,0.00006505721,0.0000554365,0.000009102123,0.0006616059,0.00009077776,0.00013042541,0.000090681584,0.000094433555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017696901,0.000046522462,0.000043687774,0.00009239319,0.000102893995,0.00031728973,0.000008186705,0.00005407998,0.00009253376],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057930374,0.00008204673,0.101985835,0.000005864543,0.000021310741,4.47771e-7,0.004572505,0.000014242589,0.000052349395,0.48974606,0.39660105,0.006860348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018073607,0.000014130686,0.020716103,0.0000052864216,0.000011856137,3.101192e-7,0.00096996536,0.000010639692,0.00029339912,0.0015710483,0.9761456,0.00008089117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012832356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012643576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5795446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009921922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000031457126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50886047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080720450","doi":"10.1257/pol.3.1.1","title":"The Cabals of a Few or the Confusion of a Multitude: The Institutional Trade-off Between Representation and Governance","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Journal Economic Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Multitude; Representation (politics); Institution; Confusion; Politics; Government (linguistics); Revenue; Economics; Public administration; Block grant; Political science; Public economics; Welfare; Business; Accounting; Finance; Market economy; Law","score_opus":0.0377420726051803,"score_gpt":0.32450306273668594,"score_spread":0.28676099013150563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080720450","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815345,0.00023193461,0.00011762345,0.0100993095,0.00023175188,0.0002444902,0.000058893416,0.0000051835586,0.007476347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872847,0.011792423,0.0000386586,0.00028102475,0.00038368092,0.0000057004313,7.697806e-7,0.0000057362645,0.00020730936],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988968,0.0001676922,0.00049334735,0.00012455472,0.00010227829,0.00021533626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982975,0.00038576042,0.0010627521,0.00017023316,0.000015520396,0.00006822506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007713767,0.000086755295,0.00020970275,0.000024399837,0.00064007303,0.000056362318,0.0004011345,0.000029138604,0.000072835544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017904985,0.000043348966,0.00008233779,0.000082066326,0.0018196496,0.00029064727,0.00005300587,0.00010944043,0.0000084623125],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003034225,0.0000515297,0.1203354,0.0000068563154,0.0002612135,0.0000020700415,0.027236722,0.0006308305,0.00003928628,0.4105911,0.002525352,0.4380162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088598224,0.00018243592,0.8551002,0.00003770522,0.00006182963,0.00003998481,0.011426264,0.00059865636,0.0003509985,0.0059605166,0.12516655,0.00018884266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029793972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005099184,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7347648,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039014843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009111717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9766667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081664471","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewn016","title":"An Institutional Explanation for the Stickiness of Federal Grants","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Law Economics and Organization","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Block grant; Public economics; Limiting; Economics; Public good; State (computer science); Tax revenue; Power (physics); Finance; Microeconomics; Market economy","score_opus":0.02541122882506553,"score_gpt":0.2565201921835701,"score_spread":0.23110896335850456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2081664471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95902294,0.00006909586,0.03950896,0.000930456,0.0001893737,0.00008907079,0.000004352174,0.0000017987687,0.00018394183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963687,0.0032329906,0.00008017266,0.0001417814,0.00015512994,2.4524007e-7,0.000003914741,0.0000028914005,0.000014167459],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996687,0.000027909002,0.00016015187,0.000026164456,0.00007130516,0.000045756107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994806,0.00007266568,0.00020472598,0.000032755648,0.00019136877,0.000017891547],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003603968,0.000026937847,0.000055020195,0.000010094061,0.0005928252,0.000024933111,0.0000884052,0.000022102022,0.000008717747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000065070904,0.000016788312,0.000010745264,0.000053191645,0.00013378516,0.00033500238,0.0000047752023,0.000019685187,2.1692402e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006811144,0.000049863458,0.022681959,0.0000046538166,0.00002030266,2.0776118e-7,0.009219385,0.010108935,0.00015996363,0.95634705,0.00015010124,0.0011894692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006484286,0.00087715,0.7421119,0.00009406264,0.00036671007,0.0001816895,0.012750586,0.033550505,0.015612298,0.06647015,0.120870896,0.0006297102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001678216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000274745,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8898769,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003492845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000093605275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4559592},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084135196","doi":"10.1002/pad.384","title":"Metropolitan governance reform in Asia","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Decentralization; Corporate governance; Local government; Autonomy; Sanitation; Politics; Public administration; Sewerage; Language change; Government (linguistics); Civil society; Economic growth; Political science; Business; Economics; Finance; Geography","score_opus":0.026567171262583764,"score_gpt":0.29860167930066633,"score_spread":0.27203450803808255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084135196","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21711645,0.00043118565,0.004034175,0.08098051,0.00023794653,0.0004643415,0.000004768762,0.0001209639,0.6966097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938797,0.00027365575,0.0023923083,0.0004384341,0.000068341236,0.000017124134,0.000010969618,0.0000032800463,0.0029162378],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990489,0.00002815203,0.00021207125,0.00014530391,0.0003402659,0.00022532337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997289,0.00001076076,0.000067110515,0.00005375103,0.00003309456,0.00010635222],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034920053,0.0000637861,0.00007057204,0.000029744588,0.0001906339,0.00010559272,0.000069996764,0.00005329161,0.00020077091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000741257,0.00006147707,0.000008826111,0.00018591754,0.00005747866,0.00047867378,0.000015508478,0.000044784007,0.000032993998],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008180765,0.00007711193,0.017219683,0.000003256082,0.0000026240455,0.0000013874931,0.0016278453,2.29947e-7,0.00000234141,0.912393,0.0006040109,0.06806034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020862119,0.00001344423,0.08315191,0.000005707995,5.8922154e-7,6.470728e-7,0.0032931569,0.000022881797,0.0002187693,0.00023052614,0.91275936,0.00009437727],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00014587349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.014635601,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9121625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013900379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00054762827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8167009},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084587006","doi":"10.1080/11926422.2006.9673412","title":"Canadian and American federalism in capital markets: Comparative debt financing","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Foreign Policy Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Debt; China; Government (linguistics); Capital market; Fiscal federalism; State (computer science); Capital (architecture); Economics; Business; Finance; Political science; Economic policy; Market economy; Decentralization; Politics","score_opus":0.01101749139223866,"score_gpt":0.2661413330994614,"score_spread":0.25512384170722274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2084587006","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6180026,0.0001922917,0.000024162962,0.0031655603,0.00003716981,0.00013374118,0.000037094353,0.0000066420403,0.37840074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99656636,0.0001514832,0.00007436679,0.0016789989,0.00043393375,0.0000033736,0.0000069097955,0.000008962163,0.0010756127],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984898,0.0001065881,0.00022084189,0.00014114722,0.00021584534,0.0008257593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988715,0.000036646674,0.00010037789,0.000060724225,0.000055764132,0.0008749595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002919636,0.000113667964,0.00017057829,0.00042723937,0.0008701017,0.00027547084,0.00013912132,0.00006747676,0.00008999923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009878347,0.000121357174,0.000034872133,0.00050044176,0.00023015334,0.00030477392,0.0000063310235,0.00018037032,0.000010196076],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000062508357,0.000006559974,0.18822111,0.0000016868547,0.0000055922524,0.00013188232,0.0051826793,0.00005499992,0.0000024765866,0.7859829,0.018908467,0.0014953787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056462496,0.000045165656,0.6906372,0.00005523642,0.000007711065,0.0000686108,0.012767383,0.00013130347,0.0000122797155,0.15436827,0.14097184,0.0003704348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99345225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9987303,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6316146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0035542103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0043809665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9294136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085414759","doi":"10.1353/cpp.0.0064","title":"Péréquation et comportement stratégique des provinces bénéficiaires : un contre-exemple intrigant","year":2010,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.02098718593335533,"score_gpt":0.29253253548885105,"score_spread":0.2715453495554957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085414759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59258306,0.0014670264,0.0015094889,0.30278155,0.0025437835,0.0011920481,0.0005496116,0.0001190261,0.097254366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98687035,0.0007850138,0.00024602306,0.0060204593,0.0011812468,0.00003813421,0.00011786529,0.000025334624,0.0047155516],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99709994,0.00028128416,0.0004599258,0.00038429,0.0005458772,0.00122871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997835,0.00009635027,0.0002555921,0.00028586554,0.00025646368,0.001270732],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010445751,0.00025328997,0.00024743137,0.00027626194,0.00094414735,0.0005630764,0.0004312816,0.000338121,0.0013198965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009546739,0.0002723554,0.00009012794,0.0010936093,0.0009964658,0.0011388125,0.00003601104,0.00035357027,0.0001455503],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000027293024,0.000087587345,0.0189882,0.00002090793,0.000026740003,0.000012662981,0.0025432783,0.00000563642,0.000056524605,0.8401117,0.00840328,0.12974079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004003761,0.00007823911,0.057661004,0.000042995263,0.00002357153,0.0000054286475,0.0012206499,0.00040971045,0.00018923498,0.052519463,0.88708586,0.00036346377],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.904707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98841316,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87868255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016820806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.015838798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086312192","doi":"10.1093/ajae/82.3.782","title":"Graham, Edward M., and J. David Richardson, eds. <i>Global Competition Policy</i>. Washington DC: Institute for International Economics, 1997, 616 pp., price unknown","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Citation; Competition policy; Sociology; Art history; Economics; Political science; Art; Law; Biology; Ecology; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.0064415354284175245,"score_gpt":0.24074006077092622,"score_spread":0.2342985253425087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086312192","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807457,0.00023568944,0.00028871643,0.012832125,0.0010473676,0.00020601173,0.00017810831,0.000018957684,0.0044473666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9453223,0.04727299,0.0023164419,0.0016439169,0.0027620867,0.000007394371,0.00011679483,0.000011969987,0.0005461061],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987713,0.000047309677,0.0005382989,0.00020895136,0.00013065756,0.00030346552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987652,0.000053248594,0.00070060126,0.00007115003,0.00020563937,0.00020421119],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030124784,0.00016293448,0.00032190923,0.000037389254,0.00025967276,0.00022282962,0.00031643122,0.00006220092,0.000046933183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000093572504,0.000134436,0.00014731668,0.00017019086,0.00034808583,0.0012683775,0.000029479403,0.00010355365,0.00000957496],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006915759,0.00039718187,0.012173617,0.000024633777,0.00049715885,0.000004526205,0.005270909,0.017725024,0.000070882576,0.54230726,0.028701762,0.39213544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008353944,0.00028062207,0.02642121,0.000036053192,0.00004057533,0.000036539775,0.0014933303,0.0001574635,0.000052256335,0.0023515588,0.96800846,0.00028655448],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012263146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001051106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9393067,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00080782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023276938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.54821414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086959235","doi":"10.1016/j.orl.2012.01.011","title":"Model of transfer tax on transboundary water pollution in China’s river basin","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Operations Research Letters","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Stackelberg competition; Pollution; Tax rate; Pollutant; China; Environmental science; Drainage basin; Structural basin; Water pollution; Water transfer; Environmental tax; Reduction (mathematics); Water resource management; Economics; Tax reform; Geography; Geology; Microeconomics; Mathematics; Public economics; Chemistry; Ecology","score_opus":0.06665134195146924,"score_gpt":0.3497308808681951,"score_spread":0.2830795389167259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086959235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95962965,0.000014251963,0.009638822,0.026318936,0.000067036206,0.00033632576,0.000028973509,0.000009036943,0.0039569465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998189,0.00009980321,0.00018778628,0.00080447306,0.00007621812,0.000031253294,0.000020802485,0.000007064455,0.0005835986],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980987,0.00036574109,0.00016224029,0.00012617088,0.0007716811,0.0004755195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974227,0.000017844628,0.0000036573565,0.00011308496,0.00004713298,0.00007600936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012662238,0.000060730858,0.00008519852,0.00015217155,0.00041390595,0.000050205454,0.00012744252,0.000061310355,0.0002031339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000466145,0.00004868841,0.00003775125,0.00029323297,0.0003448251,0.00065655314,0.000008923701,0.0001731208,0.00003653245],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022001985,0.0009257983,0.010427133,0.000035545512,0.000023913643,0.0000035797957,0.22378385,0.3068974,0.20072281,0.24330114,0.010023153,0.0036356244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008322194,0.0007375025,0.24497354,0.0005122693,0.00006411314,0.0000018914943,0.011465291,0.17768793,0.34418514,0.0031996858,0.20667818,0.0021722757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0055050906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025174422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24010146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026706126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000097620155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.83220863},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091224965","doi":"10.1080/08865655.2002.9695590","title":"Penetration of the Mexican peso into U.S. retail operations: An examination of texas firms along the Mexican border","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Borderlands Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Liberian dollar; Currency; Payment; Business; Goods and services; Retail sales; Commerce; International trade; Economy; Economics; Finance; Monetary economics; Marketing","score_opus":0.037206252260756544,"score_gpt":0.3213114212809729,"score_spread":0.2841051690202164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091224965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98543847,0.0039260406,0.00042033193,0.0064077517,0.00030405924,0.00022499265,0.0000037073776,0.0000055105165,0.003269161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99220717,0.0065402268,0.00013375001,0.00010638625,0.00016081841,0.0000029503894,0.0000010581002,0.000005057165,0.0008426094],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998199,0.00029890658,0.0005259176,0.00008742025,0.0007615849,0.00012719979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985597,0.00012695894,0.0005041231,0.00014222818,0.00063549145,0.000031488325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011082117,0.00008624477,0.00021836626,0.000045990655,0.0004925119,0.00003792208,0.0002665601,0.0000507544,0.000104831604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069841754,0.000047272722,0.00008506988,0.00041281592,0.00034158572,0.0004480491,0.00003110849,0.00010613456,7.5709113e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013378815,0.0012774564,0.34849444,0.00016654261,0.0007548231,0.000004635998,0.42884052,0.007831448,0.0013540047,0.054528665,0.010216379,0.14639732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015319891,0.0011328894,0.8590625,0.00031887757,0.00033574397,0.0000064043024,0.098942086,0.0030837657,0.0032145944,0.0028832273,0.029172264,0.00031563893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005998868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009891435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5105681,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000878913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000079018224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55196524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091291146","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1923021","title":"The Dutch Anomaly: Appointed Mayors, Can Appointed Mayors Cope with Role Changes and Societal Demands?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Public administration; Anomaly (physics); Business; Management; Criminology; Sociology; Economics; Physics","score_opus":0.009169348911485022,"score_gpt":0.22025363549206423,"score_spread":0.2110842865805792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091291146","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9453581,0.0072483527,0.0071238517,0.009898697,0.00035723686,0.00071132736,0.000009262145,0.00012957495,0.029163627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823382,0.013191716,0.000045542754,0.00021827193,0.00019037818,0.0000092417595,0.0000030049957,0.000018876419,0.0039847633],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972391,0.00015726348,0.00018719221,0.00020387839,0.00048821245,0.0017243174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940044,0.00004248963,0.00020935199,0.00011517495,0.000101261656,0.0001313109],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014570031,0.00015666269,0.00015863168,0.000033145676,0.0012425545,0.00014071782,0.0002805448,0.000091982394,0.000056497636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054378215,0.00010197667,0.000054435084,0.00027533967,0.00033417865,0.0002034322,0.00003637781,0.000618235,0.000008400868],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00066157617,0.00019007556,0.06276437,0.000011937259,0.00048007077,0.000018647637,0.039658148,0.0000062173553,0.00020907448,0.82839775,0.0015491041,0.06605302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0057835286,0.003572535,0.041720066,0.00020953202,0.00047289848,0.00063282193,0.4655861,0.00076243747,0.0017908964,0.32880336,0.14895375,0.0017120705],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019980602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08272884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4995944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056236895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011740825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.955685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093072483","doi":"10.1155/2013/301068","title":"The World Bank and the Building of Local Institutionality in Senegal: A Path toward Municipal Adjustment","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urban Studies Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Globalization; Modernization theory; Action (physics); Political science; Process (computing); Path dependence; Economic system; Business; Public administration; Economics; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.12147325936092479,"score_gpt":0.42746986169079065,"score_spread":0.30599660232986586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093072483","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91367704,0.031674746,0.00030889388,0.024411961,0.00032906275,0.0018851919,0.000006219905,0.000021709293,0.027685158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990974,0.0074063404,0.000024436442,0.000073858384,0.00008007136,0.000115206996,3.6030198e-7,0.0000025284626,0.0013231965],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99777174,0.00061455136,0.00020230556,0.00013929808,0.0009189587,0.0003531419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998426,0.0011380147,0.000043169573,0.00013588353,0.00021804047,0.000038870658],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002913369,0.00005708148,0.00013425264,0.00004030476,0.0007608343,0.00005418516,0.00022007969,0.000026684986,0.000019287329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00074333104,0.000030285608,0.000028397755,0.00058639044,0.0032064167,0.00012655507,0.0002636897,0.00017220002,0.000005468941],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000080969425,0.000047817004,0.022715982,0.00002214144,0.00003991343,0.0000010122567,0.023062278,0.000049286715,0.0000066761972,0.93175644,0.011870658,0.010346825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028259861,0.000114121984,0.27990058,0.00026313754,0.000019949148,3.8512854e-7,0.26011357,0.0028266597,0.00016437432,0.053549428,0.39997667,0.00024513478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015032831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015214928,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.878207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028703499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010151952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093616290","doi":"10.1057/palgrave.ces.8100049","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Russia: Rules versus Electoral Politics","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Comparative Economic Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential system; Federalism; Economics; Fiscal federalism; Politics; Public good; Government (linguistics); Fiscal policy; Political economy; Balance (ability); Public finance; Economic policy; Political science; Economic system; Macroeconomics; Market economy; Decentralization; Law","score_opus":0.13795886070127064,"score_gpt":0.4041666800321883,"score_spread":0.26620781933091764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093616290","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9676673,0.0010697861,0.000049096467,0.002023159,0.0008275009,0.00015810755,0.0000083916375,0.000029666946,0.02816703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986094,0.0004487628,0.000085831074,0.00011424791,0.00026300194,0.000017715181,0.000004379997,0.000003969094,0.0004526422],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991659,0.000058277525,0.00019771427,0.00018052293,0.00009534307,0.00030227596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996835,0.00011579227,0.00006990013,0.0000659561,0.00001976051,0.000045086475],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001172285,0.00010455915,0.00024956098,0.000033828153,0.00034029773,0.00003623237,0.000105849416,0.00004268669,0.000037609017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000048791284,0.00010225933,0.000040317515,0.000062135594,0.0003002547,0.0002170192,0.000037821792,0.00006463603,0.00019914316],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055787696,0.000056296736,0.031598985,0.0000040302793,0.0000663228,0.0000029228822,0.033342317,0.001099987,0.0000031216375,0.92961013,0.0041005095,0.000059580743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.013239394,0.0005389679,0.47827426,0.00018234522,0.00007167239,0.0000011775838,0.14655344,0.00032293596,0.001292718,0.20170414,0.15635191,0.0014670184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022188784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018645016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.727906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013037318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012929589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99926215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095679466","doi":"10.1086/676404","title":"Communication in Federal Politics: Universalism, Policy Uniformity, and the Optimal Allocation of Fiscal Authority","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Political Economy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Universalism; Politics; Legislature; Strategic communication; Fiscal policy; Economics; Public economics; Law and economics; Microeconomics; Political science; Macroeconomics; Law","score_opus":0.012168491649643802,"score_gpt":0.28788980344477894,"score_spread":0.27572131179513515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095679466","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7011963,0.00008201876,0.0066671483,0.09052846,0.00010566314,0.00022302425,0.000005195842,0.000008025799,0.20118412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99870104,0.000064066255,0.00028247287,0.0006280451,0.00020264984,6.7516925e-7,0.0000011188085,0.0000028560905,0.00011708452],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886477,0.00034203232,0.00036846893,0.00005303606,0.00015228133,0.00021941423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991272,0.00034516287,0.00022155711,0.00009252121,0.00009301928,0.00012051072],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012015677,0.00005258981,0.00017900595,0.00006869136,0.00013525176,0.000049990816,0.00018859621,0.00006920116,0.000013629204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004897098,0.000040878385,0.00005307189,0.000096535914,0.00060160307,0.00036987316,0.000041151692,0.00013573232,0.0000010193947],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026737436,0.000036895603,0.011707442,0.0000064810156,0.0000059935483,2.0969563e-7,0.0011969965,0.000031813808,8.4182284e-7,0.9865958,0.00006681272,0.00032393791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003932314,0.00016644465,0.12387717,0.000090007445,0.000035110625,0.000011437486,0.009475265,0.004306231,0.00014457482,0.81668586,0.04110129,0.00017429606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0054144785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040897966,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2975047,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027542206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020870786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8185108},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096572524","doi":"10.7202/021451ar","title":"Political Fragmentation and Municipal Tax Base Resources in the Montreal Metropolitan Area","year":2005,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Cahiers de géographie du Québec","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Geography; Fragmentation (computing); Political science; Valuation (finance); Welfare economics; Economics; Archaeology","score_opus":0.009927171445748357,"score_gpt":0.23933177909685155,"score_spread":0.22940460765110318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2096572524","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91171414,0.0054855715,0.00023199784,0.0543668,0.0001458711,0.00025035362,0.000025126845,0.000023028406,0.027757108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99015033,0.0017212353,0.00013524001,0.004732222,0.00044015166,0.00002714404,0.000009281993,0.000013898084,0.002770497],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997549,0.00060523633,0.00031126922,0.00029219108,0.00048420802,0.0007581039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898297,0.0004265653,0.000104432555,0.00019924859,0.000034469573,0.00025229808],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007991863,0.00019083922,0.00019279507,0.00015375423,0.0004765811,0.00013056939,0.00026688108,0.0002658752,0.00011494475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002794288,0.00016493515,0.000113368755,0.001018654,0.005695534,0.00037178962,0.000025152629,0.00032753538,0.000014148653],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052004914,0.0002467781,0.079840705,0.000019412228,0.000029357363,0.000031021606,0.04713661,0.000056551624,0.000008126235,0.85356164,0.005906116,0.013111688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002108718,0.00030019737,0.26016772,0.00013646862,0.00029356068,0.00002796507,0.21199194,0.0033838141,0.000056263918,0.029108584,0.4917485,0.0006762605],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.33377823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.54380786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82445306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014792565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017634658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097510034","doi":"10.3968/j.css.1923669720100604.004","title":"Fiscal Decentralization and Public Education Provision in China","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian social science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; China; Economics; Externality; Panel data; Central government; Fiscal federalism; Revenue; Fiscal union; Fiscal imbalance; Tax revenue; Public good; Government (linguistics); Local government; Public expenditure; Economic policy; Public economics; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Finance; Macroeconomics; Market economy; Political science; Public administration","score_opus":0.007300069331356554,"score_gpt":0.2713702942905946,"score_spread":0.26407022495923804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2097510034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8499789,0.000025373176,0.000084847874,0.0053903395,0.00069065194,0.00026201294,0.0000034854177,0.00001993065,0.14354447],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99912596,0.000040382893,0.000060243936,0.00040044475,0.00016219547,0.000007702434,0.0000048994793,0.0000033355248,0.00019482976],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988329,0.00003554372,0.00010044172,0.0002076975,0.00037353582,0.00044989798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994459,0.0000083961595,0.000040588533,0.000059494825,0.00006736643,0.0003782268],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005550929,0.00005306258,0.000054503762,0.00014861544,0.0009800844,0.00026799284,0.00019943538,0.00008827283,0.00009411105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004665016,0.00005745229,0.000010595448,0.0011473759,0.0006532598,0.00080885895,0.000015875967,0.000100403915,0.000006813151],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[8.0237635e-7,0.000020911646,0.41043323,0.000001758163,2.0599812e-7,5.2308866e-7,0.0049524433,1.054265e-7,0.00030124982,0.50954604,0.00063726807,0.07410548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013501463,0.000009042145,0.7634533,0.000008260861,0.0000018992056,5.4592385e-7,0.0050799027,0.00014248067,0.00006208178,0.004688109,0.22624837,0.00017097549],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07681419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.55705154,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5048579,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048206854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024803411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9293334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099180023","doi":"","title":"Sharing a River among Satiable Countries","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Université de Montréal)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique","keywords":"Geography; Political science; Regional science","score_opus":0.007247226877063951,"score_gpt":0.18705618083669054,"score_spread":0.1798089539596266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2099180023","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7415654,0.0053726737,0.0021053092,0.0005781033,0.0013003628,0.00056475354,0.00007571975,0.00028031808,0.24815738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9419705,0.0010120507,0.00041683673,0.00014380031,0.00036496273,0.000023145798,0.000109785884,0.000019331375,0.055939585],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975306,0.000077545286,0.00028989036,0.0005741183,0.0010395232,0.0004883287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99887466,0.000043198146,0.0003413085,0.00034513915,0.0001950524,0.00020065132],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027923041,0.00026990584,0.00028405534,0.0001227094,0.007384129,0.00018875819,0.00053781515,0.00046624997,0.000078618104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000041184056,0.00032240857,0.00019960811,0.00020628484,0.00079203217,0.00047970493,0.0006282768,0.00033216007,0.00004648257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012195612,0.00012330139,0.73706996,0.00009840357,0.00013290707,0.000674101,0.04712539,0.016829358,0.000045314824,0.18834242,0.008863031,0.0005738481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008745848,0.000030238076,0.311328,0.0004432395,0.00026608908,0.000020243537,0.009013339,0.0030297388,0.00065085734,0.0070174774,0.6663647,0.0009614885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.40980202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.051426526,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6575017,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006781323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015989443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102151528","doi":"10.1111/1540-5982.t01-1-00004","title":"Should land and capital be taxed at a uniform rate?","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Capital (architecture); Inefficiency; Economics; Welfare economics; Economy; Market economy; Geography","score_opus":0.12392769153352447,"score_gpt":0.2051058414283616,"score_spread":0.08117814989483714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2102151528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.987781,0.00024236295,0.000025948726,0.0029933734,0.0007486021,0.00015655931,0.000072701856,0.0000036522706,0.007975798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99630916,0.00056971685,0.000096217496,0.001003015,0.00021698736,0.0000035197222,0.0000058521296,0.000018834502,0.0017766744],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987146,0.00008989525,0.00040675644,0.00019257353,0.0000044749277,0.00059164973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978721,0.000091478636,0.0003178539,0.00013374675,0.00009436136,0.0014904568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083935604,0.00014715645,0.00029401874,0.000179021,0.0003995654,0.00013633723,0.0001947831,0.00016141222,0.0004990273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036201483,0.00017040681,0.0000828356,0.00009167824,0.0002331284,0.000459655,0.00000846165,0.00014745262,0.000008894248],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026090633,0.000006541175,0.08830566,0.0000099194895,0.000044325392,0.0000816219,0.0053631756,0.0005324178,0.0000056964823,0.9035198,0.0015800832,0.0005246738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015168657,0.00028928768,0.008223991,0.00006494893,0.0000611157,0.00022668265,0.004859715,0.00020618131,0.00023334716,0.14982392,0.83384603,0.0006479345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.23397121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99633455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8322659,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0025958912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021925052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77112985},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103238924","doi":"10.1177/0192512113494728","title":"The Internet: A new route to good governance","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Political Science Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"The Internet; Accountability; Corporate governance; Scrutiny; Internet governance; Transparency (behavior); Politics; Public relations; Function (biology); Business; Political science; Law; Computer science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.02005743031604073,"score_gpt":0.3476877602449562,"score_spread":0.32763032992891544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2103238924","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0024117958,0.0032260993,0.003475782,0.5148248,0.0017037198,0.0010466324,0.000007865034,0.00008185776,0.47322145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93834496,0.008936518,0.0003415407,0.023100734,0.00054413173,0.000061725616,0.0000013646575,0.0000066852585,0.028662367],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973072,0.000046272085,0.00026915685,0.0002535543,0.0013943419,0.00072949665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987734,0.0001304993,0.00007464766,0.00017459337,0.0002445574,0.00060231925],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008515173,0.00008454303,0.00010630275,0.000015700154,0.00030230425,0.0004139815,0.001210253,0.00002494565,0.0010354687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027735494,0.00005585058,0.0000637999,0.0005193921,0.00045676055,0.0006666591,0.00015484297,0.000077129655,0.0019865546],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[7.5916705e-7,0.00001075082,0.00085643306,0.000005007925,0.0000022934662,3.9568397e-7,0.00005992047,3.3298556e-7,0.000009033266,0.9244572,0.029992756,0.04460512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004651788,0.000014592649,0.0149254305,0.0003608711,0.0000041260496,0.0000012175711,0.000043357715,0.00005730777,0.00005277993,0.020267358,0.96413565,0.00009080945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011050498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043825648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9359331,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008172352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048265533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103787739","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-5890.2015.12061","title":"Electoral Competition as a Determinant of Fiscal Decentralisation*","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fiscal Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Centralisation; Decentralization; Legislature; Economics; Government (linguistics); Revenue; Competition (biology); Monetary economics; Market economy; Political science; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.09311094689988728,"score_gpt":0.37062709691609713,"score_spread":0.2775161500162099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2103787739","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802018,0.0010650164,0.0006705401,0.002776638,0.00063512084,0.00026453976,0.000012849201,0.000062401225,0.014311088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848443,0.00039802442,0.00011445266,0.00014620673,0.00016011452,0.000010984982,0.000008655077,0.000004643161,0.0006724673],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988,0.00010093365,0.000202114,0.00013185339,0.0005283669,0.00023672578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995542,0.000065722794,0.0001001125,0.00007033001,0.00011960779,0.00009001053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002635674,0.0000795099,0.00017396563,0.000021351188,0.00017493225,0.000020549252,0.00009656141,0.000052956264,0.00005124203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000550996,0.00006744584,0.00004769839,0.00020006223,0.0002563925,0.00018483793,0.000038482995,0.00004117931,0.000044391665],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002068143,0.00034105676,0.60826296,0.000053753698,0.0001054383,0.00001686914,0.04442104,0.00007026872,0.00020567533,0.2894286,0.047889914,0.008997625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030344902,0.0010423552,0.33493617,0.00029960464,0.00016348514,0.0000057618586,0.042179763,0.00030405013,0.009380031,0.059907913,0.54788053,0.0008658217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007658385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001822177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49999064,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019706476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005749488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2750362},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106617913","doi":"","title":"Interregional Redistribution and Regional Disparities: How Equalization Does (Not) Work","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Convergence (economics); Panel data; Economics; Transfer payment; Inequality; Divergence (linguistics); Demographic economics; International economics; Econometrics; Macroeconomics; Political science; Welfare","score_opus":0.02028760673718183,"score_gpt":0.2592498421035584,"score_spread":0.23896223536637656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106617913","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71047395,0.002754085,0.23945133,0.044467375,0.0008811696,0.00030747443,0.000012803926,0.00011472852,0.0015370643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97353363,0.02196595,0.000025628155,0.000275699,0.0005408496,0.000003883672,0.000022447794,0.000007668705,0.003624262],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979078,0.00013666842,0.00016593272,0.00016096883,0.0005822926,0.0010463382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999544,0.000051083913,0.00015621532,0.000060278417,0.00009726171,0.000091154434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008095141,0.00009772747,0.00010829739,0.000041573367,0.0009267743,0.000096441036,0.00012751025,0.00009691131,0.000017757435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017090644,0.00007912901,0.000055374352,0.00021510251,0.0002805511,0.00054209866,0.000019543586,0.00042522725,0.000003539257],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000085670574,0.000036271056,0.02485059,0.0000024881429,0.000025670657,0.000003165985,0.0014398514,0.0000053229373,0.000029573233,0.9676704,0.0030946638,0.0027563404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0021880146,0.0003672565,0.038507532,0.0001735563,0.00007209638,0.00039557792,0.021213565,0.00019385318,0.0002449013,0.76616603,0.16966493,0.00081270706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015157327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00086617615,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26305965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010671236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010909616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7128092},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107390460","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-1338.2006.00255.x","title":"Does Spatial Variation in Heterogeneity Matter? Assessing the Adoption Patterns of Business Improvement Districts","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Policy Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Public good; Scope (computer science); Preference; Business; Public economics; Space (punctuation); Collective action; Spatial heterogeneity; Quality (philosophy); Economics; Marketing; Microeconomics; Political science","score_opus":0.04756947645967354,"score_gpt":0.4247996479840605,"score_spread":0.377230171524387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2107390460","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9733202,0.0022387833,0.0075407326,0.011381055,0.00014358509,0.0014369584,0.00004516958,0.000009490341,0.0038840387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98042023,0.019136794,0.00001683042,0.00009663468,0.0002307935,0.000024792656,0.000013125341,0.00000419007,0.00005663608],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978498,0.00049773767,0.00037255537,0.00012648819,0.00090786297,0.0002455423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992261,0.00012500775,0.00019699239,0.00016779863,0.00026228206,0.000021802027],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002142244,0.00005504541,0.00015578551,0.00007721608,0.00012046754,0.000039369577,0.00019285722,0.0000403939,0.000053534244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035635504,0.000031500753,0.000040264043,0.00091070804,0.000096225755,0.00018038301,0.00005755986,0.00007568387,0.0000045737143],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015290148,0.00051672175,0.84386677,0.008513218,0.000012536784,0.0000016309339,0.00095410587,0.000061076076,0.0045977263,0.030467205,0.00065345666,0.11034024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000121942954,0.000015839492,0.9935136,0.0017705172,0.000005948029,6.183242e-8,0.000108579436,0.000040342235,0.0009718638,0.0007505124,0.002653057,0.000047771602],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.10302447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003968272,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.14964677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028619744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024875623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90294856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108613381","doi":"10.5539/ass.v6n11p17","title":"Statutory Central Bank Independence in Taiwan","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Council for International Exchange of Scholars","keywords":"Font; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.009375408055968391,"score_gpt":0.2874617431141129,"score_spread":0.2780863350581445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2108613381","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.21719043,0.000011968976,0.00031603378,0.003264977,0.001405556,0.0002443706,0.000005490378,0.000072059825,0.7774891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99865055,0.000014008509,0.00014621417,0.00029707173,0.00032544162,0.0000062762474,0.0000010329572,0.000004874824,0.00055453763],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99736536,0.00006134693,0.00016790844,0.000317539,0.0012901572,0.0007976981],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952495,0.0000135392065,0.000080139005,0.00011503434,0.00008051838,0.00018583023],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011687448,0.000084349245,0.000100011326,0.00007513817,0.0009811845,0.00018673013,0.0005914418,0.000135009,0.00028232893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036888977,0.00008903622,0.000034166533,0.0013572519,0.0016377694,0.0010090184,0.0000614762,0.00031153896,0.000044598055],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007713534,0.00007351704,0.07771941,0.0000021906365,8.781533e-7,0.0000106222205,0.038089633,4.8469684e-7,0.0031561067,0.6984097,0.0005828692,0.18194692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002577148,0.00001625074,0.86343503,0.0000072586568,0.0000024598717,4.7163545e-7,0.011196181,0.000014399111,0.00042343783,0.008688231,0.115726955,0.00023163117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012314717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0071979854,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7857156,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032354175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011162137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7546577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2110176427","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1568858","title":"Urban Governance and Finance in India","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Business; Finance; Financial system","score_opus":0.0033404088169653543,"score_gpt":0.23310271204997896,"score_spread":0.2297623032330136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2110176427","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.986772,0.0014923294,0.00025372987,0.0011697959,0.00030987905,0.00008506952,0.0000010636155,0.000010543497,0.009905592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97119415,0.026261661,0.000033659555,0.00011511958,0.00022991165,0.0000019962947,3.421787e-7,0.0000052609735,0.0021579177],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983353,0.000039670755,0.00013033873,0.00011438647,0.00026561043,0.0011146747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997638,0.000022813689,0.00009975273,0.00005888273,0.000021562464,0.000033175915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010328451,0.00006161477,0.00007934563,0.0000209285,0.00021360951,0.000054555116,0.00014524904,0.00007686669,0.00002140409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013254602,0.00005920456,0.00002128039,0.00019654802,0.000093668255,0.00032063958,0.000013785545,0.00097101287,0.000009218696],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009097651,0.000020041776,0.08355692,5.5598116e-7,0.0000025455304,0.000002179183,0.00078600016,0.0000012996687,0.000054273565,0.896813,0.00024967804,0.018504467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009793534,0.00010927854,0.38257185,0.000025795982,0.0000074447153,0.000035208788,0.002086095,0.000063423766,0.000089709625,0.35520142,0.2585658,0.0002645861],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042280648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017449263,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5416115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000369448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001053847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9737098},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113237779","doi":"10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2479","title":"Decentralisation in Africa: A critical review of Uganda's experience","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Accountability; Public administration; Service delivery framework; Government (linguistics); Democracy; Local government; Constitution; Promotion (chess); Corporate governance; Political science; Central government; Service (business); Economic growth; Law; Economics; Politics; Economy; Management","score_opus":0.1103857489927654,"score_gpt":0.4148214548680573,"score_spread":0.3044357058752919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113237779","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000016453441,0.9841762,0.00052991946,0.0010362748,0.0008002264,0.0016930094,0.00004682058,0.00009418857,0.011606903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0042972076,0.9933471,0.00018087524,0.000125205,0.0008938555,0.00027684704,0.000070353024,0.00015865795,0.0006498643],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9869949,0.002088971,0.0033558896,0.0011882205,0.0027448435,0.00362715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928428,0.0008303946,0.003472313,0.001488294,0.00066336535,0.0007028449],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005051659,0.0011920789,0.0042398763,0.00040583056,0.0015766723,0.0005278755,0.0026954454,0.0010530009,0.00050639454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0044108895,0.001083114,0.0016202849,0.0012054734,0.0016480656,0.0017643737,0.00025010787,0.0029138967,0.000059207297],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011143016,0.0007601352,0.000085474436,0.03469178,0.00052321545,0.00020292257,0.003798629,0.0000052580726,0.0000029826251,0.27152583,0.0028441206,0.6854482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000616401,0.0002250472,0.0000042097863,0.072684206,0.0008556186,0.00012031971,0.00060686254,0.0000052684118,0.000009016114,0.0030672108,0.9209281,0.0008776987],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013825096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003875917,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.918084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005693897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0057263155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999103},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2113696406","doi":"10.1017/s0008423906359975","title":"Politics, Institutions, and Fiscal Policy: Deficits and Surpluses in Federated States","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Political Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Debt; Ideology; Political science; Fiscal policy; Political economy; Public policy; Economics; Monetary economics; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.01780497482511423,"score_gpt":0.29337404778762644,"score_spread":0.2755690729625122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2113696406","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98501587,0.00021182209,0.00018302223,0.008656804,0.00009815299,0.0000514513,0.000014930598,0.0000032187838,0.0057647103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990762,0.00004663958,0.00006838197,0.0005718091,0.00014303,3.114952e-7,5.7065836e-7,0.00000211651,0.0000909683],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985898,0.000048127116,0.0002143556,0.00010536281,0.00029598034,0.00074635056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988163,0.00006479031,0.000047908285,0.000032188014,0.000110425564,0.000928359],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005541496,0.000057740934,0.00010179476,0.00024234544,0.00056865957,0.00027024627,0.00011431022,0.00004396698,0.000011668696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010201137,0.000052187414,0.000012277993,0.0005287111,0.0020292632,0.0004589977,0.000011309228,0.00008440597,0.0000012583337],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[8.6400587e-7,0.000006365787,0.15373276,0.0000018438193,4.1603002e-7,0.000017705577,0.00029341326,0.000013899017,0.0000119375145,0.84561646,0.00013317117,0.00017114088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021951711,0.00003799252,0.93751913,0.00004028352,0.000003873537,0.000023875646,0.0015465338,0.00010491767,0.00012556875,0.052158713,0.008119834,0.00009974534],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.53537476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4108191,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79345775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075434975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004291141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.76123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114229465","doi":"10.1177/0275074009360372","title":"Monastic Governance: Forgotten Prospects for Public Institutions","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Review of Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Incentive; Agency (philosophy); Quarter (Canadian coin); Public sector; German; Public administration; Perspective (graphical); Principal–agent problem; Political science; Public relations; Economics; Sociology; Law; Social science; Management; Market economy","score_opus":0.05069948952825125,"score_gpt":0.3648765017408418,"score_spread":0.31417701221259053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114229465","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22728255,0.010442068,0.13483521,0.5300835,0.0022375337,0.009768236,0.00035483832,0.00038242727,0.08461364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98547536,0.011414922,0.0009004364,0.0014251993,0.00022411569,0.00018263044,0.00004431875,0.000007372464,0.00032561526],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986668,0.00009855469,0.00032543697,0.00016403943,0.0004779478,0.00026718125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985721,0.00013520941,0.00063937437,0.00026693885,0.00028953445,0.00009680632],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011140133,0.000091686234,0.00021108318,0.0000172534,0.0004003795,0.00008181137,0.00035556738,0.000030042673,0.00009027334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002911989,0.000067335364,0.00009596796,0.00067040906,0.0007820706,0.00045013707,0.000021497674,0.00009967998,0.000009617037],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005220406,0.00008152715,0.0018319213,0.00017898245,0.000008944579,1.7184098e-7,0.00009070356,1.448831e-7,0.00010868796,0.96037966,0.0040830425,0.033231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015401049,0.00018417278,0.012745719,0.00019116994,0.00004222316,0.0000021483777,0.00033029125,0.00004540923,0.000113365604,0.0027502547,0.98330086,0.00014036566],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009246174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011751984,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9792178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007242205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011698509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34861332},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114939840","doi":"10.5539/ass.v8n1p247","title":"Political Priority and Policy Process: A Recent Example from Bangladesh","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Process (computing); Political science; Political process; Public administration; Political economy; Economics; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.04080971779920968,"score_gpt":0.32543171189996917,"score_spread":0.2846219941007595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2114939840","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07045139,0.000026256117,0.00041730123,0.002875155,0.00016329062,0.00020652576,0.000010356423,0.00007509742,0.92577463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99848354,0.0000478836,0.00021130068,0.0006610951,0.00043035802,0.000006962697,0.0000015982122,0.00000448004,0.00015277369],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981307,0.000060553684,0.00013647377,0.00032242984,0.000724338,0.00062551704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994388,0.00002059527,0.00006455791,0.00008756008,0.00010941466,0.00027904837],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045931968,0.000081181264,0.00010815786,0.000043944663,0.0010994611,0.000120074765,0.00030670693,0.00008387658,0.00019993482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031586346,0.000079419326,0.00002171848,0.000998435,0.0016472377,0.00059708237,0.00006412428,0.00007916922,0.000018663464],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000074710397,0.00004197624,0.006518492,0.000001361144,0.0000014993432,0.0000014015029,0.038767383,1.116138e-9,0.00004574314,0.88702476,0.00007059826,0.06751932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034901215,0.00003989552,0.5283019,0.000012000359,0.000011845587,4.4017614e-7,0.02447518,0.0000035006294,0.00071597873,0.42049637,0.02534423,0.00024963537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013462428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008198571,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92803216,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002943773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008358377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116810652","doi":"10.1007/s12116-009-9052-1","title":"Enclaves and Development: An Empirical Assessment","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Comparative International Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Politics; Inequality; Democracy; Government (linguistics); Development economics; Work (physics); Empirical evidence; State (computer science); Political science; Economics; Economic growth; Economic geography","score_opus":0.24248556053522136,"score_gpt":0.5273844685665299,"score_spread":0.2848989080313085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2116810652","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.929307,0.0005145655,0.0032258271,0.0023849632,0.0007033388,0.00033312538,0.0000016042299,0.000053130294,0.06347645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98352957,0.0003783024,0.014836018,0.0005599727,0.00007442876,0.000029509449,0.000013858132,0.0000025045542,0.0005758462],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99851316,0.00009509881,0.00032695394,0.00026282147,0.0005848001,0.00021719241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995656,0.00008036215,0.00008209937,0.000051384948,0.0001554343,0.00006509933],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044459236,0.00012281549,0.00018321275,0.00008494616,0.00034597414,0.000058011756,0.00017453286,0.000037932874,0.000050712228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005693272,0.00011290712,0.00001118956,0.00013974716,0.00017632161,0.00033482982,0.00006501237,0.000084219704,0.000013497209],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006852573,0.00065539865,0.43100727,0.000009225423,0.00017103362,0.000023499171,0.41123253,0.00012605576,0.000036611225,0.0879016,0.0033385763,0.0654297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036115036,0.000036768466,0.69065493,0.000053251722,0.0000016804393,6.1472736e-7,0.017802954,0.00009657636,0.00024542786,0.0019589649,0.28860328,0.00018442646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014148767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00080654304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39342958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00076395145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030015066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46042186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117238922","doi":"","title":"Fiscal equalisation schemes and sub-central government borrowing","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Government (linguistics); Per capita; Fiscal policy; Macroeconomics; Public finance; Central government; Monetary economics; Local government; Political science","score_opus":0.02439673517497641,"score_gpt":0.3066981800343753,"score_spread":0.2823014448593989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2117238922","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9052026,0.000030392956,0.00015316787,0.0008301984,0.00013732191,0.000204108,0.0000039723554,0.000019039671,0.09341917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960583,0.0029156585,0.00012847425,0.00013033282,0.00013836783,0.000014970289,0.000003863887,0.000009001189,0.00060103164],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983721,0.00023012704,0.00019866382,0.0002577531,0.00043350676,0.00050786976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941456,0.00025752425,0.000046995516,0.00013281932,0.000018418332,0.00012966123],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015563766,0.000072825365,0.000118745644,0.000031734126,0.00028143803,0.00011274556,0.00012703874,0.00009129511,0.00003903564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00073694263,0.00007853908,0.000029285591,0.00009077981,0.0002191755,0.0002730093,0.000066567845,0.0001433076,0.000004339102],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007914023,0.00011655359,0.3195884,0.000025031222,0.000013677495,0.000002958523,0.0042186244,0.00042495647,0.0005687212,0.12894809,0.0001829319,0.54583097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017022104,0.00018400782,0.21872531,0.00011053488,0.00000840514,0.0000012146648,0.009666029,0.025227822,0.0027021647,0.005628911,0.7355027,0.0005406713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001334728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00083562016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7353198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007463571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007494289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32027307},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118577803","doi":"10.1093/publius/pjq027","title":"Federalism and Economic Growth: The Importance of Context in Nigerian Public Finance Reform","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publius The Journal of Federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Context (archaeology); Political science; Public finance; Public administration; Political economy; Sociology; Law; History; Politics","score_opus":0.014415850813404612,"score_gpt":0.25621464657819976,"score_spread":0.24179879576479515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118577803","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9047791,0.00058438216,0.000034342003,0.0866999,0.00074965134,0.00016600668,0.000005149884,0.0000053541353,0.006976146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99579334,0.0018747746,0.000042659078,0.0016768659,0.00028547613,0.0000032297926,8.4794556e-7,0.00000856986,0.00031422908],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998419,0.00018212854,0.00059129193,0.0001048834,0.00039074814,0.0003119534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99861383,0.00016987682,0.0007732679,0.00018155584,0.00018334776,0.00007812584],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026587616,0.000110899135,0.00023937154,0.00006456616,0.0004975061,0.00032013046,0.0005592081,0.000095248055,0.00006784386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038149845,0.00006429774,0.00007415114,0.00018931013,0.00040406562,0.001118405,0.000056215034,0.0003683086,0.0000023747414],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011805957,0.00009797007,0.18023893,0.000013369666,0.000040643044,0.00000843858,0.015875336,0.000011587911,0.00022339534,0.782523,0.0112709515,0.009578328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029433337,0.00021592143,0.5601956,0.00010082785,0.00004664934,0.00013262189,0.018090973,0.00035059857,0.00073222397,0.061786663,0.3548874,0.0005171689],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004677172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04337805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7207363,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018521685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003275802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9740778},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118878000","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2010.01597.x","title":"Public budget composition, fiscal (de)centralization, and welfare","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Welfare; Productivity; Fiscal federalism; Public expenditure; Public spending; Macroeconomics; Public finance; Public economics; Market economy","score_opus":0.0764747614712666,"score_gpt":0.19757466124481854,"score_spread":0.12109989977355194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118878000","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703315,0.00006173858,0.00024774304,0.024742061,0.0011560379,0.00013344898,0.0000657655,0.000006611707,0.0032550748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978288,0.00021108065,0.00027412322,0.0008281901,0.00061081746,0.000003416449,0.000017142132,0.000017802367,0.00020865207],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987209,0.000068357316,0.00041679884,0.00017556411,0.0000050872545,0.0006132806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975075,0.000047114274,0.0003112904,0.0001402937,0.00019210376,0.00180167],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006636476,0.00012669257,0.00023214557,0.00021736711,0.000554604,0.00029807625,0.0002945439,0.00018980628,0.0006212432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027286797,0.00015687168,0.00007206518,0.000119099626,0.00030227163,0.0006718538,0.000009132167,0.0002404563,0.000005114361],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007614946,0.000007315098,0.0817315,0.000006503684,0.000019136207,0.000021234368,0.0021047813,0.00013858394,0.000013149361,0.91343,0.0011267127,0.0013934682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00088352297,0.0001296007,0.033288155,0.000041511088,0.00004144349,0.00025147904,0.0023406378,0.0008605884,0.00008365434,0.19845419,0.7631204,0.0005047703],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.122122884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9842589,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.862136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001026296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019251766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88372296},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122794673","doi":"10.3982/qe442","title":"Political mergers as coalition formation: An analysis of the<i>Heisei</i>municipal amalgamations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quantitative Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Yale University","keywords":"Incentive; Government (linguistics); Economics; Microeconomics; Consumption (sociology); Politics; Public economics; Local government; Public administration; Political science","score_opus":0.09734726272324165,"score_gpt":0.3699155939451613,"score_spread":0.2725683312219197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122794673","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95108825,0.000018207407,0.004646862,0.001584078,0.00020567283,0.00014589506,0.00006780698,0.00001718069,0.04222607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989803,0.000034651763,0.00037610394,0.00034757928,0.000030057052,0.0000068648187,0.000057388785,0.0000039985275,0.00016307361],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990754,0.00020082817,0.00026995217,0.00010695214,0.00016430262,0.00018255918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992939,0.00009125436,0.00019084245,0.000157762,0.00014512609,0.000121108955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045371676,0.00005976001,0.0001500184,0.00007167766,0.0001859474,0.00004324236,0.00016839012,0.000053019532,0.00006839593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029435568,0.000054463006,0.00009598779,0.00042947126,0.00023310243,0.00076291827,0.000020671223,0.00003884176,0.000025357083],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000131473935,0.000038831888,0.006026526,0.0000014868782,0.000052856263,5.9828274e-8,0.0107230665,0.00624325,0.0000038366466,0.9767029,0.00015638316,0.000037629477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011733794,0.00039703408,0.062598124,0.000030985513,0.0011563374,4.987795e-7,0.3251135,0.38917518,0.0012050841,0.16209482,0.056468923,0.00058613444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020746223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045397105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8146081,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029107116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017961013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31362224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123696353","doi":"10.1023/b:itax.0000036694.48277.c1","title":"Agglomeration Effects and the Competition for Firms","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Tax and Public Finance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; McMaster University; Queen's University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Economies of agglomeration; Unitary state; Economics; Economies of scale; Competition (biology); Matching (statistics); Public finance; State (computer science); Returns to scale; Unemployment; Government (linguistics); Scale (ratio); Replicate; Production (economics); Market economy; Microeconomics; Economic system; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.009321312277278216,"score_gpt":0.2614991034729319,"score_spread":0.2521777911956537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123696353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71316797,0.0010342463,0.13034819,0.13442649,0.0016367516,0.0011127477,0.000046038134,0.00005725488,0.018170325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962836,0.0015274549,0.00043678502,0.0007941906,0.00015423786,0.000058667152,0.000017483706,0.0000025295408,0.0007250635],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995069,0.000024235504,0.0000828121,0.00010575372,0.00018054112,0.000099745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996905,0.00011964781,0.00006037949,0.000036110807,0.00007396546,0.000019438796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023822799,0.000043227068,0.00005395942,0.000016847234,0.00029470684,0.00014897746,0.000072996794,0.000033743418,0.000009131535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00029080265,0.000032440097,0.000018855293,0.00006403739,0.00019251474,0.00032544343,0.000014054776,0.000029482004,0.0000026428538],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023674525,0.000015515798,0.0009789296,0.000005196845,0.0000045841884,1.8193528e-7,0.0006821286,0.000022002545,0.000008337727,0.9897429,0.00029718401,0.008219377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037030426,0.000052812633,0.023813745,0.000056264504,0.0000077474,0.0000017648615,0.00027648418,0.00088086934,0.00013886201,0.25392866,0.71701586,0.00012389576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043229506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005606776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7358142,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000049827555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003828001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22666766},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2127793524","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1498775","title":"Earmarked Grants and Accountability in Government","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Block grant; Accountability; Fiscal federalism; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Federalism; Public administration; Economics; Matching (statistics); Categorical variable; Political science; Law and economics; Politics; Decentralization; Welfare; Law","score_opus":0.007367317654145801,"score_gpt":0.27360886006010804,"score_spread":0.26624154240596226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2127793524","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98816633,0.0008226,0.0007861257,0.0021001557,0.00008033181,0.00011213293,7.804729e-7,0.00001070516,0.0079208175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98899513,0.010071885,0.000012429044,0.00023614983,0.0000835246,8.242906e-7,2.6177517e-7,0.0000025242525,0.00059725315],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980762,0.000094795374,0.00015287199,0.00011201108,0.0005042315,0.0010598678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999792,0.000021747126,0.00006460837,0.000050570205,0.000017005877,0.000054092903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019315656,0.000060579576,0.00008534508,0.000014743853,0.00019669805,0.000055934688,0.000101406695,0.000048438676,0.000028540964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000913974,0.000055417877,0.000025276995,0.00014583638,0.000046570145,0.00029898403,0.000008098873,0.00040049097,0.000003621195],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023562103,0.00023879368,0.21447904,0.0000023581313,0.000015361597,0.0000042619063,0.0040846155,0.000013324933,0.0001545296,0.51414627,0.00015626702,0.26646957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015236381,0.00027694064,0.41781256,0.000030314422,0.000014615552,0.000017566479,0.016434198,0.00008347276,0.000059781985,0.5464784,0.017019274,0.00024926272],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048219415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008802117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2662203,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017243099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005032485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4911788},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128069902","doi":"10.1093/0199278555.003.0011","title":"National Taxation, Fiscal Federalism and Global Taxation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research; Department for International Development; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Redistribution (election); Revenue; Externality; Public economics; Tax revenue; Economics; Public good; Government (linguistics); Economic policy; Tax policy; Public finance; Federalism; Government revenue; Tax reform; Political science; Finance; Macroeconomics; Market economy; Microeconomics; Decentralization","score_opus":0.020276671601573624,"score_gpt":0.27754443556213265,"score_spread":0.257267763960559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2128069902","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001282202,0.00011344942,0.0027479301,0.003142346,0.00025702475,0.0002493456,0.000057591027,0.000068937916,0.9932352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.14897819,0.0012546304,0.00050944794,0.0019198467,0.00088233786,0.0000099510335,0.00027770258,0.000019692516,0.8461482],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983719,0.000015680569,0.00021181077,0.00025432548,0.0009841673,0.00016210377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991689,0.000022472486,0.00049933424,0.000058942234,0.00016908623,0.00008129005],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001803021,0.00014486337,0.00013215125,0.000026352458,0.00038027452,0.00015419097,0.00008306204,0.00031799625,0.0017010755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019289315,0.00014399107,0.00004976856,0.000041793835,0.00016482743,0.00025464734,0.000026621748,0.0000750267,0.00011047938],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000046802666,0.000007770392,0.000567495,0.000005412768,0.000009542014,0.0000010812815,0.00027050322,0.000019743007,2.5278163e-7,0.983341,0.014312673,0.0014598421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024207978,0.000015224587,0.004158511,0.000039750485,0.000013824748,8.446201e-7,0.000051269784,0.000021504278,0.0000016764109,0.5882305,0.40702906,0.00019578017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010712013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031159392,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39511052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007983259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038259997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129123037","doi":"10.1177/0020852308089904","title":"The National Governance Programme (2006—10) and the modernization of the administration: Cameroon and New Public Management","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Administrative Sciences","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Modernization theory; Public administration; Decentralization; Administration (probate law); Politics; Corporate governance; New public management; State (computer science); Political science; Public sector; Economics; Management; Law","score_opus":0.11462129459884818,"score_gpt":0.374474354331647,"score_spread":0.2598530597327988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129123037","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04000982,0.05479978,0.0027703485,0.46621332,0.0012417937,0.0041861525,0.00012231365,0.00004314922,0.43061334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92333907,0.07220742,0.00028156856,0.0005730895,0.00007391907,0.000026135182,0.0000028053823,0.0000022412514,0.003493755],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767953,0.00017122006,0.00036276985,0.00017958194,0.0014673971,0.00013951953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987022,0.00029027046,0.0005197574,0.00008127142,0.00035983318,0.00004666821],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013808489,0.00008278151,0.00012218946,0.00001340185,0.0007533084,0.000091987546,0.00050369604,0.000023383831,0.00005931447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001242254,0.000041761687,0.0000530405,0.00040059688,0.0029078715,0.00034637528,0.00007386526,0.00005016635,0.000001248424],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030052463,0.000032555112,0.0023813413,0.000052556457,0.00002243079,3.6393456e-7,0.0005202837,0.0000030513306,0.0000019046438,0.9829202,0.0033761,0.010659109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016663538,0.00033772513,0.11957174,0.0020483832,0.000076946955,0.000043941996,0.003387103,0.0009919881,0.00052441115,0.05328485,0.81772125,0.00034533886],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008772323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021158373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9296354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005550456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006737506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130254839","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2010.01589.x","title":"Tax incentives in fiscal federalism: an integrated perspective","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Incentive; Economics; Public economics; Revenue sharing; Tax revenue; Fiscal union; Fiscal imbalance; Government (linguistics); Revenue; Federalism; Fiscal policy; Perspective (graphical); Macroeconomics; Decentralization; Finance; Microeconomics; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.07608545678331602,"score_gpt":0.2219049213272377,"score_spread":0.14581946454392167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2130254839","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889371,0.000041383348,0.000054311713,0.0042269095,0.001571274,0.00018273934,0.00007595105,0.000005014748,0.0049053524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979889,0.000099029334,0.0002749349,0.00047214312,0.00057326513,0.000005027303,0.000009034187,0.000019776198,0.00055788946],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99849725,0.00012048057,0.0004906722,0.00025068855,0.000005367637,0.00063553307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99786526,0.00006621499,0.00034201753,0.00017124339,0.00021218132,0.001343078],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083081843,0.00015837632,0.00032508007,0.00037300578,0.00027611345,0.00023111732,0.00045532588,0.00022076616,0.0005091867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004968586,0.00018704165,0.00009794998,0.00019080538,0.00032556668,0.0010530454,0.000008541994,0.00047840783,0.000009417405],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041737694,0.000021590033,0.044082325,0.0000026253506,0.00001938243,0.000079975776,0.015437874,0.00048804266,0.00001922628,0.93752986,0.0003743078,0.0019030796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022164036,0.0005599413,0.050188407,0.00014582253,0.00004116668,0.00012818997,0.07637545,0.0020426963,0.00023903928,0.5407013,0.32622337,0.0011382168],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7763509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9997066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39682853,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0031310262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0036524741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81875247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2133901636","doi":"10.5334/sta.eg","title":"Decentralizing the State in Liberia: The Issues, Progress and Challenges","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Stability International Journal of Security and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Devolution (biology); Corporate governance; Public administration; Government (linguistics); Scope (computer science); State (computer science); Accountability; Civil society; Revenue; Political science; Service delivery framework; Politics; Service (business); Economics; Sociology; Law; Finance","score_opus":0.03075371653030448,"score_gpt":0.2927712027526782,"score_spread":0.26201748622237375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2133901636","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745229,0.004305962,0.00012188211,0.020332215,0.0002871314,0.00012862458,0.0000011779716,0.000004052704,0.00029604416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849524,0.014669578,0.00014355338,0.00013825137,0.000085397,0.0000031230527,5.3099814e-7,0.00000205434,0.000005109708],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877256,0.0002014533,0.00027838108,0.000087646455,0.0005291636,0.00013079525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946475,0.00013896787,0.00015173141,0.00004604373,0.00015063476,0.000047846657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020684188,0.00005896821,0.00009085748,0.000023597948,0.00015346824,0.00011393793,0.000204391,0.00002987737,0.00001864279],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020031257,0.000034778277,0.000015503592,0.00004821844,0.00030500416,0.0002407432,0.00006132229,0.000112970585,5.2270065e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012343771,0.00016409803,0.25193527,0.000033087093,0.00005744354,0.000005608188,0.58683246,0.000010049424,0.0000032583778,0.019281443,0.000065780005,0.14148805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009666303,0.00006402838,0.537073,0.00017361969,0.000008736501,0.000009927331,0.05307141,0.00010700429,0.00036526046,0.041087423,0.3668948,0.00017811678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018485959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003161835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.533761,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010438938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001024983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17643781},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136417702","doi":"10.1111/1467-9779.00130","title":"Equalization and the Decentralization of Revenue–Raising in a Federation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Decentralization; Raising (metalworking); Revenue; Equalization (audio); Economics; Order (exchange); Generality; Fiscal federalism; Public economics; Transfer payment; Microeconomics; Finance; Market economy; Computer science; Political science","score_opus":0.027370080573354907,"score_gpt":0.28960401828529253,"score_spread":0.26223393771193765,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2136417702","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9076586,0.0011268159,0.07974856,0.0020000925,0.0005137235,0.00021296783,0.0000023859068,0.0000039340875,0.008732955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99842644,0.0012433501,0.000065466345,0.00009616112,0.00005684083,8.137704e-7,7.417928e-7,0.0000035234218,0.00010668508],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99850696,0.00082773494,0.00039455574,0.000052167634,0.00011476521,0.0001038172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913883,0.00022727404,0.0004970599,0.000046181554,0.00005884393,0.000031795535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005115732,0.000039597235,0.00012575088,0.000066508954,0.00010736859,0.00007962828,0.00007058386,0.00004340156,0.00006684837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012317848,0.0000309065,0.00003306139,0.00010112988,0.00014293636,0.0005518164,0.0000056537465,0.00004737519,8.0646555e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003202164,0.000016134765,0.011951334,0.0000037937718,0.0000069615894,2.3505156e-7,0.0046242625,0.0002871064,0.000026622682,0.97946024,0.000114438604,0.0034768532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048528197,0.000067881316,0.012760561,0.00012538783,0.000040666768,0.0000126510995,0.012579501,0.0006978103,0.0007384508,0.92238307,0.045559604,0.00018162775],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000055527322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004161133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09076785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001690443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021396554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17730209},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137526433","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v6n11p197","title":"The Financial Conditions and Prospects of the Municipality of Bitola, Republic of Macedonia","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Finance; Business; Population; Incentive; Economic shortage; Local government; European union; The Republic; Government (linguistics); Economic growth; Economic policy; Economics; Public administration; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.010675065522057799,"score_gpt":0.2598890537720672,"score_spread":0.24921398825000943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2137526433","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962722,0.00028807938,0.00008174064,0.0017447707,0.00038761107,0.00004985036,0.000019844858,4.0243896e-7,0.0011555012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99428695,0.0054440494,0.00006195116,0.0000500274,0.00007485713,6.777703e-7,3.331859e-7,0.000001582791,0.00007953763],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941665,0.00003387487,0.00033482542,0.000048336446,0.000108506676,0.000057828456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998869,0.00010909686,0.000733725,0.00006631948,0.00020883199,0.000013018053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049548596,0.000034015902,0.0001085633,0.000019282028,0.00008983363,0.000020865009,0.0002231567,0.000029753017,0.0000033638655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033140593,0.000023320936,0.000046399986,0.00004443483,0.00033419684,0.00013759664,0.000039302595,0.00004829117,6.767346e-8],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031006508,0.000028372535,0.02059473,0.0000034423463,0.0000144078795,1.11904804e-7,0.0006701602,0.00033660102,0.000033956883,0.97389007,0.00011990858,0.0042772163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001142972,0.00017251597,0.660965,0.00015913215,0.00002629536,0.00000862642,0.0004935914,0.0043071415,0.0027151827,0.16031276,0.16958329,0.00011345356],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019162583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006350013,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81357735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000026926824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001042014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.123136215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137819505","doi":"10.5539/ass.v10n24p35","title":"Methodological Approaches towards Assessing the Efficacy of a Region’s Budgetary/Taxation Policy","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","keywords":"Set (abstract data type); Strengths and weaknesses; Public economics; Economics; Computer science; Psychology","score_opus":0.20543281699994026,"score_gpt":0.4113537909745385,"score_spread":0.20592097397459824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2137819505","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06068483,0.000021934105,0.093296096,0.026685167,0.00027876763,0.0003323191,0.0000010023416,0.000068166446,0.8186317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977086,0.00001530822,0.0011689832,0.0003635771,0.0005672168,0.000005843137,9.223561e-7,0.0000035096696,0.0001660153],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9976495,0.0006305519,0.00019268108,0.00024173304,0.00093027676,0.00035527552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913585,0.0002282736,0.00034147283,0.00013289288,0.00008967722,0.0000718035],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035926779,0.00007637692,0.00014525645,0.000051349984,0.0014820354,0.00016515478,0.00054332515,0.000084603795,0.000012007955],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00565299,0.00005298282,0.000073788164,0.0015363417,0.002066584,0.0004982017,0.000069837224,0.00008889347,0.0000047221865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000033824854,0.0000321149,0.0022185287,0.0000024296928,0.0000018299343,1.5708254e-7,0.013711139,0.000003080847,0.00011216693,0.6052799,0.00012669429,0.37850857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022530316,0.000037918857,0.93827987,0.000012998066,0.000015015602,6.597453e-7,0.010198979,0.00018283022,0.00055371725,0.033744343,0.016596917,0.0001514749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010602099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000052358308,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9370238,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021742607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005085697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998179},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138920100","doi":"10.1177/0022002704267766","title":"The Incredible Shrinking State","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Conflict Resolution","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":145,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Openness to experience; Unitary state; Resizing; Economics; State (computer science); Scale (ratio); Government (linguistics); Economies of scale; Late 19th century; Development economics; Political economy; Political science; Economic geography; International economics; Geography; Law; Period (music)","score_opus":0.020215469841108127,"score_gpt":0.29725777815660687,"score_spread":0.27704230831549875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138920100","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8432104,0.005145035,0.085143484,0.018516352,0.0021700123,0.0003298365,0.0000023072114,0.00004818144,0.045434378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932129,0.0054429513,0.00017294251,0.00016878505,0.00035417103,6.610168e-7,2.7256868e-7,0.0000034872123,0.0006438653],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892753,0.00006775365,0.00024265895,0.000040622486,0.0005404995,0.00018091161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937963,0.000054150365,0.00028934743,0.00005570619,0.00016471361,0.00005643796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010678218,0.000039162667,0.00006723516,0.00002769187,0.000501755,0.00010020201,0.0001517448,0.000033831908,0.000009238315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023353111,0.000026816117,0.000052323532,0.00016666357,0.00010315907,0.00029787887,0.000012488287,0.00010101017,0.000008628084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006065813,0.000191801,0.009941374,0.000014990566,0.00010473434,0.00005518168,0.04304161,0.02111335,0.0026946955,0.8303307,0.012279784,0.07962515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050856883,0.000083255094,0.0071578524,0.000058198384,0.000009803193,0.000005485127,0.00088824873,0.00004675778,0.000647231,0.011115476,0.9794239,0.000055246306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043458492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002913219,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9671441,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027056574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003106131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38591444},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140353146","doi":"10.1111/j.1754-7121.2012.00217.x","title":"Managing intergovernmental contracts: The <scp>C</scp>anada–Manitoba cooperation on regional economic development","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Face (sociological concept); Public administration; Business; Public policy; Rest (music); Political science; Regional science; Economic growth; Economics; Geography; Sociology","score_opus":0.029746520388400723,"score_gpt":0.25495114359544274,"score_spread":0.22520462320704202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2140353146","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77343273,0.0001921323,0.002139399,0.059775822,0.002228833,0.0011310468,0.00005584383,0.00010239292,0.1609418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99405485,0.00006410667,0.00003608993,0.0037250358,0.0005641277,0.000040407922,0.000116014184,0.000011416045,0.0013879237],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985377,0.00010870283,0.00023956446,0.00018490311,0.00039288783,0.000536245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991296,0.00013558753,0.00012976717,0.0001308193,0.000035872457,0.0004383744],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004967898,0.00012357943,0.000082212755,0.000060921153,0.0010651839,0.0003611114,0.00020382798,0.000095666386,0.00013114153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025966435,0.00011391194,0.00003093308,0.000119842705,0.00010794363,0.0008931184,0.0000106531925,0.000103761406,0.00018499949],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000035621495,0.00005589192,0.008266077,0.0000029618993,0.000020909396,0.0000033894798,0.0024479933,0.000008015221,0.000020117803,0.9231675,0.057052426,0.0089511145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015152826,0.000028855618,0.006428775,0.0000096683325,0.000005539893,0.0000028695629,0.0060665333,0.00011688892,0.00036636353,0.00016960215,0.98658884,0.00006454773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057041203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.66535985,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9295364,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003199494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002272014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86229616},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2140444904","doi":"","title":"Is China a Leviathan","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Erasmus Research Institute of Management; McMaster University","keywords":"Decentralization; Collusion; China; Democracy; LEVIATHAN (cipher); Economics; Government (linguistics); Language change; Public sector; De facto; Political science; Constraint (computer-aided design); Economic system; Economy; Market economy; Politics; Microeconomics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.023261176778317797,"score_gpt":0.2956617151501322,"score_spread":0.2724005383718144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2140444904","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94425064,0.0010718298,0.0049259095,0.0036139868,0.00025809708,0.0002564315,0.00022491903,0.00017356222,0.045224648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933599,0.0028277535,0.0006235775,0.0012002502,0.0007636958,0.0000034176373,0.0002355932,0.00001130843,0.00097445777],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986948,0.000104400264,0.00016405352,0.00034959582,0.0003220164,0.00036516198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993052,0.000057394926,0.000080161284,0.00042123505,0.000009713915,0.00012627753],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044215855,0.00011500614,0.00012579307,0.000022998805,0.00056998024,0.0001511134,0.00069380255,0.000049218474,0.00007558878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010063083,0.00010326547,0.00002299377,0.0001926014,0.000096969234,0.0006589694,0.00028087044,0.00009388422,0.00003492044],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108885986,0.00025350152,0.35131347,0.0001807048,0.00009411071,0.000011562432,0.1988175,0.00076390273,0.00021824887,0.018057097,0.023711901,0.4064691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033529426,0.000026736216,0.18198957,0.00018170671,0.000040039133,0.0000019337313,0.0027240051,0.09292741,0.00002391692,0.001295328,0.7201425,0.0003115637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031927214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012511991,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6964306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029095077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003074356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69819844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142067364","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.12.002","title":"How to make the metropolitan area work? Neither big government, nor laissez-faire","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Jurisdiction; Productivity; Economics; Competition (biology); Welfare; Work (physics); Distribution (mathematics); Tax competition; Economies of agglomeration; Local government; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Business; Economic geography; Market economy; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax; Economic growth; Public administration","score_opus":0.07833383085499372,"score_gpt":0.2698815774672144,"score_spread":0.19154774661222068,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2142067364","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7594405,0.00031125703,0.006562185,0.15721188,0.0022833548,0.00024296321,0.000021842963,0.000017782757,0.07390827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889812,0.00023693459,0.00028504082,0.0017477324,0.0010587176,0.0000026107627,6.279624e-7,0.000012994875,0.007674144],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874127,0.000106106825,0.00029947172,0.00010896683,0.00042488694,0.00031930176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878556,0.00007247131,0.00045119837,0.00016562505,0.0001632989,0.0003618558],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001539123,0.000096708995,0.00018183148,0.00003985927,0.00016635211,0.00059866725,0.00047184608,0.00007144953,0.000042437947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000770957,0.00006852345,0.00010456619,0.000266139,0.00009470375,0.0005321438,0.000055606622,0.000123195,0.000018115137],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011772687,0.00022123323,0.3238357,0.0000044420963,0.00017490098,0.000010696657,0.0064306227,0.0002605758,0.000010148714,0.41706055,0.15762655,0.09424685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003558412,0.00008477713,0.006265458,0.000009343096,0.000015933902,0.0000031815598,0.022787241,0.000027747988,0.000028652299,0.002732258,0.96758074,0.00010880204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001225307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023797217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8099542,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018671062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037538246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5772962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143705818","doi":"10.5539/ass.v11n19p290","title":"Problems and Ways of Improvement of Tax Instruments as a Factor in the Growth of Tax Opportunities Territories","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Social Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax reform; Tax revenue; Ad valorem tax; Value-added tax; Public economics; Revenue; Business; Indirect tax; Tax credit; Economic policy; Tax avoidance; Economics; Tax policy; Direct tax; Finance","score_opus":0.07183199065441438,"score_gpt":0.2882598075648814,"score_spread":0.21642781691046703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143705818","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9363436,0.000017154809,0.000046466692,0.0043434547,0.00013680193,0.00032516822,0.00003626903,0.0000052675537,0.05874581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996343,0.000039838644,0.000032957796,0.00018535598,0.00004381858,0.000007436476,9.57156e-7,0.0000018567097,0.00005344339],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841565,0.00004817948,0.00022391498,0.000116232346,0.0009971397,0.00019886666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995062,0.000018563785,0.00022402333,0.000062924824,0.0001417312,0.000046582343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000767492,0.000056510824,0.00012365032,0.000041883006,0.0001612746,0.00003209949,0.00031681292,0.000046146142,0.0000047550075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020230783,0.0000428968,0.000020593048,0.0004844451,0.0015319812,0.00043311258,0.000054938588,0.000044740653,1.7077505e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020394767,0.0001736594,0.1342139,0.000060278577,0.000007327862,0.0000015208459,0.3279527,1.6613681e-7,0.003191915,0.4786518,0.00049173034,0.055234615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015834969,0.001244298,0.36439934,0.00016691661,0.000028695014,8.392904e-7,0.4608566,0.000013162194,0.032509856,0.12165739,0.017109238,0.0004301886],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009200445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00089870853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3569944,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008976977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039959702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99739736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144478476","doi":"10.1787/5jz5pzvzv6r7-en","title":"The Political Economy of Property Tax Reform","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"OECD working papers on fiscal federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Property (philosophy); Politics; Property tax; Tax reform; Economics; Market economy; Business; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.020764844206871098,"score_gpt":0.2729659098824742,"score_spread":0.25220106567560313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144478476","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000540898,0.00016032807,0.000022233422,0.03507895,0.0019976767,0.00038792568,0.000017945198,0.000030197647,0.96225065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4347252,0.0006569729,0.000026824842,0.008857459,0.0022966098,0.00006248729,0.00009598975,0.00005854713,0.5532199],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971809,0.00029171503,0.0004988643,0.00043425808,0.0007169212,0.0008773789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987582,0.0002593922,0.00034830873,0.00038211793,0.000044685472,0.00020732434],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048811172,0.00030743735,0.00044370996,0.00003958765,0.0013496521,0.00035151042,0.0005973703,0.0005450929,0.0006614442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007504634,0.00017319743,0.0002463918,0.000106151056,0.0005615287,0.00006131395,0.00008048775,0.00045232015,0.0010986085],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005965913,0.000043033368,0.00007752481,0.000029835408,0.000039008948,0.0000014332069,0.00034900662,0.000007650412,0.0000059718864,0.7102605,0.27956074,0.009565588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021975105,0.00007408333,0.00006686789,0.00022247744,0.000019666399,4.1736035e-7,0.00060189085,0.0000138289315,0.00008028588,0.0031889556,0.9952313,0.00028051794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016607232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011942487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7156705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00087252405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023454308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144912894","doi":"10.7202/602288ar","title":"Une introduction aux subventions intergouvernementales","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"L Actualité économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.036641522125158914,"score_gpt":0.2990832771386588,"score_spread":0.26244175501349987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2144912894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62042356,0.0028142333,0.009546312,0.30199346,0.007038416,0.00070529594,0.000065751745,0.00020459534,0.057208393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9164966,0.0033094208,0.00027307944,0.0028971431,0.0026457026,0.00001247839,0.000065491,0.000013776145,0.07428636],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99835443,0.00019549661,0.00045094785,0.00039922845,0.00014952707,0.00045039452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926907,0.000050335155,0.00022114461,0.00024464072,0.00006782428,0.00014697677],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034065472,0.00020629333,0.00023353116,0.000048190937,0.00037345156,0.00014108738,0.00022895042,0.00022196876,0.0021818331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010501991,0.00023682823,0.00016493314,0.00043583434,0.00032225193,0.00094624655,0.00003051389,0.00016144387,0.00051593984],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026852691,0.0003352343,0.00057765556,0.000013799592,0.000029537981,0.0000026897467,0.0037735347,0.000099438315,0.00015939632,0.8595345,0.06355139,0.07189598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035799542,0.00018162279,0.0059461193,0.00005827924,0.000049036033,0.0000029587045,0.001990091,0.00018347459,0.001165265,0.09270363,0.89708436,0.00027718142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003854189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003604757,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8335329,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008841667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018203194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145444276","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.956270","title":"Why Do Differences in the Degree of Fiscal Decentralization Endure?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Degree (music); Economics; Market economy; Physics","score_opus":0.01958550744162802,"score_gpt":0.25237676668819814,"score_spread":0.23279125924657013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2145444276","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9440999,0.003486792,0.033015188,0.0057437923,0.00025411643,0.00027335042,0.0000026769649,0.000017473028,0.013106697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99466693,0.0047341282,0.000013768994,0.00015721688,0.00019303696,0.0000024137798,0.0000026583405,0.000004090849,0.00022573088],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978583,0.00024061592,0.00024542675,0.00009349587,0.00058379996,0.000978355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996584,0.000060155486,0.00015651675,0.00006811434,0.000035793135,0.000021005351],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012707557,0.000071244714,0.000103241815,0.00004519904,0.0002181298,0.0000687421,0.0002844809,0.000065872606,0.000046243626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007651118,0.000048990754,0.00005337746,0.00037024062,0.000095865194,0.00021661897,0.000008103154,0.00034129038,0.0000023160471],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014385372,0.000082477825,0.26167405,0.0000015808453,0.0000058240207,9.697742e-7,0.0011538325,0.000030640505,0.000023770372,0.7325269,0.0009123801,0.0035731867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00079878105,0.00015428591,0.27884763,0.00004255982,0.000030008256,0.00001816307,0.014576172,0.000086992615,0.00010505064,0.6825237,0.022625443,0.0001911559],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024664714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.042560853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.050567042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003995095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043467604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9749099},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2146932516","doi":"10.5430/ijba.v3n6p72","title":"An Examination of the Impacts of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Business Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Context (archaeology); Corporate governance; Accountability; Government (linguistics); Public sector; Fiscal federalism; Economic policy; Fiscal policy; Economic system; Macroeconomics; Public economics; Market economy; Economy; Finance; Political science","score_opus":0.017345880891244524,"score_gpt":0.30811729077538386,"score_spread":0.29077140988413935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2146932516","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908805,0.000027489054,0.004845946,0.0010907998,0.0016262247,0.000097710144,0.000013804034,0.000003920612,0.0014136245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991082,0.0001876839,0.000091662136,0.000055438755,0.00051951915,8.3714605e-7,0.000014360731,0.0000053725753,0.000016902704],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984891,0.00014461443,0.0004694222,0.00005793163,0.00072839065,0.000110557696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99824315,0.000060328042,0.0009568206,0.00007430383,0.0006057274,0.000059644044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006404758,0.000066326655,0.00011047778,0.00008772927,0.00005855951,0.000038337086,0.00028816,0.00006617377,0.000072705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037018792,0.000052070445,0.000060657192,0.00016374979,0.00009438126,0.0011417229,0.000010245726,0.00004932485,0.0000016305063],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004644744,0.0013280419,0.5868447,0.00003445078,0.00008683607,0.0000020663313,0.006070597,0.0021557496,0.006056826,0.38132128,0.00048321718,0.0151517475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038502627,0.0001144599,0.967972,0.00008891785,0.000023167235,0.0000061605133,0.00044632822,0.00016919381,0.029426051,0.000655246,0.00065077294,0.00006267613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008533887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012182507,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3811273,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023769295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024793833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21233712},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147681219","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1498776","title":"Fiscal Reform and Rural Public Finance in China","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"China; Public finance; Finance; Economics; Economic policy; Business; Financial system; Political science; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.005690319254908111,"score_gpt":0.24792652656963976,"score_spread":0.24223620731473164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2147681219","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96258014,0.0019401509,0.0011493674,0.016791098,0.000098575714,0.00008801566,4.860686e-7,0.000017800994,0.017334362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9768061,0.021478448,0.00001652556,0.00019035935,0.00015049435,8.7210935e-7,9.57098e-7,0.000003169411,0.0013530729],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980301,0.000055716457,0.00015445147,0.000091585214,0.00028609837,0.0013820124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997991,0.0000067039355,0.00007455401,0.000050922692,0.000016652297,0.000052088828],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010256874,0.00006802666,0.00009265162,0.00004677202,0.0002807968,0.00008884291,0.00013689326,0.00006410259,0.000014386262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005913688,0.000058471833,0.000029115576,0.00025257585,0.000054842385,0.0005340411,0.000009291044,0.0005436811,0.000004929621],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017039973,0.000038930684,0.013122254,4.404694e-7,0.0000028369254,0.0000020477548,0.00092518417,0.0000035380276,0.000012287842,0.8921539,0.000066310815,0.093655236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008346955,0.0002853502,0.26091948,0.000024845636,0.0000046899027,0.00004185385,0.0059661465,0.00011052964,0.000012118078,0.7140517,0.01756464,0.00018390357],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005495794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008462962,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24779724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017326056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007296859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47225314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150251242","doi":"10.7202/602285ar","title":"Concurrence fiscale : un survol","year":2009,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"L Actualité économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","score_opus":0.0368614225390532,"score_gpt":0.2765480703292323,"score_spread":0.2396866477901791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150251242","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6682573,0.008693183,0.01395537,0.10525683,0.0055130897,0.0009953986,0.00018029725,0.0002516628,0.19689688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.951413,0.0038009048,0.00030982392,0.0056939675,0.00072024215,0.00000875492,0.000021281978,0.000011510352,0.038020566],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813914,0.0002998008,0.00040955842,0.0003973059,0.00016192425,0.0005922481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990458,0.00019851683,0.00020713163,0.00025558888,0.00006312904,0.00022985267],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049094117,0.00022443099,0.00029298468,0.000025447847,0.0002664979,0.00012719387,0.00032707135,0.0003045602,0.0022128602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017639912,0.0002464378,0.00013113182,0.00031156454,0.0003319854,0.000711029,0.000030855877,0.00018666405,0.00067450205],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016792852,0.00019307865,0.0031005573,0.000012351589,0.000014834405,0.0000072457906,0.004639627,0.00004011493,0.000041639334,0.7706684,0.0113621075,0.20990324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004738841,0.0001705017,0.017027935,0.0000898277,0.000030541305,0.0000026793998,0.0005619601,0.000428824,0.0016443877,0.0935067,0.8856328,0.00042992225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012419958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036626574,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87427074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032654384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019519121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150443780","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1542702","title":"Is Decentralization 'Glue' or 'Solvent' for National Unity?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; GLUE; Political science; Law; Materials science; Composite material","score_opus":0.021966498726607466,"score_gpt":0.32840290657588417,"score_spread":0.3064364078492767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150443780","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47911608,0.0009304249,0.46360543,0.022894744,0.004882429,0.0017772352,0.000080137164,0.0002327976,0.026480727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98239607,0.0024560175,0.0002839308,0.00085184036,0.00095098297,0.00001171343,0.000016606926,0.000015952266,0.013016866],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975601,0.0000541138,0.0002152056,0.0001421336,0.0006617707,0.0013667216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927986,0.00007284313,0.00016014912,0.00006420076,0.00032479208,0.00009816897],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017707666,0.00009078629,0.00009184269,0.000054874214,0.00079072115,0.0001238618,0.00022914502,0.00011816484,0.0005506837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005350986,0.00007824392,0.00008384459,0.00028337672,0.00007611425,0.00044398682,0.000010103031,0.00053992396,0.000020800724],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007939115,0.00007303665,0.0042227292,0.0000032808136,0.000029961238,3.0289388e-7,0.00091104093,0.000010469219,0.00025143614,0.9836602,0.0062783435,0.0044797785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008185756,0.00012378336,0.0009450327,0.000008694409,0.000021092614,0.000015800335,0.0017393903,0.00022949369,0.00039053726,0.4342437,0.5612988,0.00016511843],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008766522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015480954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5550204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000810538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044268393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8638736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150947619","doi":"10.3138/cpp.34.4.441","title":"The Grants are Falling! The Grants are Falling! How Municipal Governments Changed Taxes in Response to Provincial Support in New Brunswick, 1983–2003","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Economics; Value-added tax; Ad valorem tax; Tax rate; Indirect tax; Public economics; Tax competition; Tax reform; Direct tax; Revenue; Tax revenue; Falling (accident); Labour economics; Business; Monetary economics; Finance","score_opus":0.04181162899895417,"score_gpt":0.2767343165285123,"score_spread":0.23492268752955814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150947619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88071656,0.00014669186,0.000009729075,0.11526673,0.00038499653,0.0010627898,0.00019542837,0.000030686228,0.0021863864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97952294,0.0005510292,0.000009318985,0.0063607977,0.0005468425,0.000046420457,0.000011648332,0.000028769178,0.012922249],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99610525,0.00053152675,0.00035357627,0.00040369338,0.0010328215,0.0015731015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99814016,0.00013839448,0.000231544,0.00043611412,0.000116563555,0.0009372457],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014261418,0.00024522035,0.0002712432,0.0003224803,0.0013485913,0.00035465352,0.0010483009,0.00021533934,0.00004168144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004922896,0.00019475567,0.00007038587,0.002642017,0.0003222248,0.00047035745,0.00007551447,0.00029996657,0.00005192015],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003887766,0.00013479817,0.80673796,0.0000122266365,0.00003318888,0.0003323483,0.056093786,0.000030069512,0.000023023787,0.0283937,0.0952772,0.012542919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061541615,0.000037392674,0.49910367,0.00003623275,0.000003466551,0.000002609871,0.004578327,0.000035883306,0.000008755112,0.00022891913,0.49512213,0.00022718926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.87055284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9977864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39984494,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029710124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01715525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152877979","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2010.507401","title":"How Centralized Federations Avoid Over-centralization","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional & Federal Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Decentralization; Centralized government; Government (linguistics); Central government; Point (geometry); Cooperative federalism; Devolution (biology); Public administration; Political science; Local government; Economic system; Business; Economics; Market economy; Politics; Geography; Law","score_opus":0.15627031486884527,"score_gpt":0.34153673172102833,"score_spread":0.18526641685218306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2152877979","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.61587036,0.022774553,0.045319855,0.12995555,0.0069571785,0.0046861153,0.00007160228,0.0020258094,0.17233898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9787019,0.010315713,0.0005075548,0.001300228,0.00039940776,0.000041067527,0.000028785418,0.000016956821,0.008688427],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998138,0.00015826293,0.00022115945,0.00029654623,0.0006897894,0.00049624115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993224,0.00006411107,0.00014821018,0.00011838971,0.00021940321,0.0001274438],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018947606,0.0001787168,0.00022541305,0.000038475137,0.0019416799,0.00024629434,0.00015338807,0.00009774875,0.00015067626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023339866,0.00016262794,0.000117817755,0.00027408978,0.00032339964,0.00069783384,0.00004216481,0.00008077197,0.000026563697],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008272704,0.0002363928,0.045074895,0.000026305604,0.00016813302,0.000011070299,0.024291923,0.000010809559,0.00008554944,0.8461265,0.08244036,0.0014453459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015854245,0.00012371695,0.062319305,0.00013114072,0.00007792834,0.0000034516947,0.026421834,0.000084962274,0.0005900986,0.0345414,0.8733781,0.0007426229],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010245845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028204957,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81158507,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003174134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109071014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99935764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154138443","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-5876.2008.00450.x","title":"FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND ECONOMIC VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM STATE-LEVEL CROSS-SECTION DATA OF THE USA","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Japanese Economic Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Endogeneity; Volatility (finance); Panel data; Macroeconomics; Diversification (marketing strategy); Monetary economics; Econometrics; Market economy","score_opus":0.1424267262597283,"score_gpt":0.3571238517827145,"score_spread":0.2146971255229862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154138443","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98723567,0.010265075,0.00013513511,0.00060553,0.00063316274,0.00051036035,0.00019966642,0.0000126233535,0.00040279012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8119826,0.18708582,0.000041982657,0.00021047462,0.00014780005,0.000007672359,0.000039829385,0.000007091044,0.0004767443],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986024,0.00019745655,0.00050755375,0.00036276298,0.00015136652,0.0001784843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883306,0.00016374853,0.00035979509,0.00055370637,0.00002412742,0.00006558238],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00069996825,0.00010857637,0.00027428757,0.000012100009,0.00027011294,0.00005060687,0.00046373048,0.000064864005,0.00059830723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033349346,0.00008782397,0.00005611725,0.0000753637,0.0002998791,0.0010950614,0.00014767997,0.0000622719,0.000057052093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013555617,0.00001494518,0.99044657,0.00013762497,0.000015300255,3.1792675e-7,0.0012085816,0.00009316883,0.000011609609,0.00028884035,0.0046362784,0.0031332034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020164454,0.00001212135,0.9236196,0.0006814068,0.00004006657,0.000002555934,0.000047809826,0.0029964887,0.00005642812,0.00023695693,0.07194137,0.00016349569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019992331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016430952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17682074,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029310398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022720279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98653364},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154942420","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v7n5p177","title":"Human Resource Capacity Needs at the District Assemblies: A Study at Assin South District Assembly in Ghana","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Remuneration; Business; Nonprobability sampling; Incentive; Human resources; Government (linguistics); Decentralization; Capacity building; Autonomy; Schedule; Local government; Operations management; Finance; Economic growth; Economics; Management; Medicine; Public administration; Environmental health","score_opus":0.02083103934161874,"score_gpt":0.2641706705268276,"score_spread":0.24333963118520885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2154942420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98938257,0.000070162896,0.00063199335,0.00077412784,0.000103362596,0.0004594857,0.0000010071251,0.0000140669745,0.008563202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985567,0.000009656257,0.00005693915,0.00014165594,0.00012880405,0.000015620279,0.000002862765,0.000013403152,0.014064089],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963408,0.00054816785,0.0007704293,0.00019254176,0.0014814298,0.0006666249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984788,0.0001624194,0.0007080339,0.00019566716,0.0002828596,0.0001722366],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0040714922,0.00018841309,0.00033016934,0.00023496203,0.0014903062,0.00022015844,0.00049252703,0.00009864891,0.00006946687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000674065,0.00013454426,0.00008902469,0.0012569007,0.0001229609,0.0003549609,0.00023317935,0.0002503063,0.000011418272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019453172,0.001088427,0.7270353,0.00006818048,0.000120611236,0.00025510162,0.2367176,0.00050151726,0.000057975856,0.010046364,0.019707005,0.0042074197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010576447,0.00017827319,0.50643486,0.000039563707,0.000029458122,0.0000038066291,0.29295102,0.000013029522,0.00015676429,0.000108246255,0.19880818,0.00021920122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062827545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015924796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22060044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004712346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047387765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158259298","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-444-59531-7.00017-x","title":"Taxes in Cities","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Handbook of regional and urban economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Economic rent; Context (archaeology); Economics; Competition (biology); Economic geography; Population; Public economics; Tax competition; Revenue; Tax revenue; Urban economics; Autonomy; Economies of agglomeration; Business; Geography; Double taxation; Economic growth; Ad valorem tax; Market economy; Political science; Finance; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.05694994488345306,"score_gpt":0.24279321120082145,"score_spread":0.1858432663173684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158259298","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0029618703,0.018014282,0.000046787798,0.00062859844,0.00021362319,0.00022030591,0.00009141209,0.000013304433,0.9778098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006299657,0.06842604,0.00009665705,0.00025804088,0.00037556275,0.0000042531656,0.000037724945,0.000019381221,0.9244827],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994109,0.0000079462125,0.0002048452,0.00014908546,0.00011133653,0.000115852636],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996237,0.000036005127,0.00017501849,0.00006725017,0.00003699516,0.0000609994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001391016,0.000103934544,0.00022489282,0.00005500155,0.000047602363,0.000018611234,0.00008227498,0.00017248263,0.00010243081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009469776,0.00010934446,0.0000463824,0.000008234071,0.00034930054,0.00010944501,0.000025055366,0.000065138454,0.00001018905],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025338766,0.0000057834645,0.0015712226,0.000013207149,0.000010590355,0.0000012250819,0.0010531656,0.000008674035,2.5606658e-7,0.9556234,0.039713945,0.00197322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019323616,0.000022748707,0.00007888318,0.00017549926,0.000007636235,5.1499836e-7,0.00014409238,0.000010716469,0.0000036950707,0.14506824,0.8541769,0.00011788251],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024181265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001497633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8144629,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012893869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002107708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44589376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158433072","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2444978","title":"Elections and De Facto Expenditure Decentralization in Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; De facto; Political science; Public administration; Law","score_opus":0.004177929066038618,"score_gpt":0.22728777438417075,"score_spread":0.22310984531813213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158433072","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9359046,0.0007372073,0.058326185,0.0021116787,0.00022659735,0.00011004525,0.0000011694758,0.00001247484,0.00257002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923276,0.006980126,0.000016769889,0.00020707287,0.00012189668,0.0000018049585,0.0000020693983,0.0000049770206,0.0003376995],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982971,0.0001280154,0.0001186546,0.00008652398,0.00024038542,0.0011293491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997749,0.000029139843,0.00006074366,0.000035842993,0.000022333237,0.00007705535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006403463,0.000055262328,0.000067399764,0.000030681716,0.00028027687,0.00004539601,0.00007916284,0.000042745665,0.000029386483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000120308476,0.00005449765,0.000013534819,0.00015699225,0.000020982476,0.00018357343,0.0000057293005,0.00034941582,0.0000010643486],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012529038,0.000020485322,0.4932135,0.0000018824966,0.000010513386,0.0000012451814,0.0012633364,0.00037303637,0.000049008428,0.4865114,0.0005680344,0.017975003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019870496,0.00019448475,0.23966847,0.00006263567,0.000040530795,0.000101576494,0.046351932,0.0026988266,0.0003212444,0.5053138,0.20262608,0.0006333745],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.76580465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9967327,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25354502,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0043414985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005885235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163711147","doi":"10.1006/jcec.2000.1650","title":"Which Enterprises (Believe They) Have Soft Budgets? Evidence on the Effects of Ownership and Decentralization in Mongolia","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Comparative Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Central government; Quarter (Canadian coin); Government (linguistics); Instrumental variable; State ownership; Business; Multivariate probit model; Local government; State (computer science); Economics; Public economics; Market economy; Finance; Geography; Emerging markets; Political science; Public administration; Econometrics","score_opus":0.03462272280984919,"score_gpt":0.29969770090108505,"score_spread":0.26507497809123587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2163711147","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99572134,0.00038483407,0.00033022303,0.000942139,0.00012421011,0.00018614792,0.0000012065212,0.0000021040387,0.0023078232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99311393,0.0065151337,0.000026487012,0.00016992215,0.00006667958,0.0000020558402,3.0343622e-7,0.000003475006,0.000102025595],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999019,0.0002390913,0.00035982413,0.00008903745,0.00015106141,0.00014197562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99859864,0.0008100982,0.0003761379,0.00007148826,0.0000921205,0.000051493997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004983961,0.00008213893,0.00022378925,0.0000441024,0.00008566742,0.00006352667,0.0001678054,0.000046168072,0.000056781864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002757752,0.000057706577,0.000041749863,0.00007883077,0.00010154195,0.00042875792,0.000009536993,0.00010268118,0.0000042852557],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014759209,0.0005237324,0.7039301,0.00008199578,0.00013503221,0.000005770561,0.13428245,0.023562415,0.00026939774,0.12533733,0.0026190951,0.0077768005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036434212,0.0019868943,0.87576526,0.0030118327,0.00014804008,0.000008876038,0.016059848,0.0093815345,0.018336758,0.048594836,0.022328833,0.000733836],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009917486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001541078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17183523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014834743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010094816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23532058},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163880138","doi":"","title":"Interaction between Vertical and Horizontal tax Competition: Theory and Evidence","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax competition; Competition (biology); Externality; Horizontal and vertical; Economics; Ad valorem tax; Function (biology); Scale (ratio); Microeconomics; Government (linguistics); Monetary economics; Tax reform; Public economics; Business; Geography","score_opus":0.023958308247799983,"score_gpt":0.2622220531920721,"score_spread":0.2382637449442721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2163880138","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776397,0.0006070925,0.0028640905,0.002750777,0.000053641917,0.00021085702,0.0000443957,0.000042800355,0.015786646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99431854,0.0034058897,0.0009512236,0.00008743121,0.00010318129,2.8158033e-7,0.000014459396,0.0000070533797,0.0011119392],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984878,0.00044099576,0.00014336503,0.00028595747,0.00039829465,0.00024361105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998918,0.00059447874,0.00008096028,0.00016014626,0.00006334746,0.00018306515],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005479005,0.000121096215,0.0001969095,0.00006855133,0.0006127642,0.000031036765,0.00024064163,0.00008464226,0.00023714163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024041318,0.0001427696,0.000067966925,0.00011969015,0.0010206003,0.00062806765,0.00021309343,0.0002029277,0.000012581037],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021379304,0.00040013078,0.15542798,0.00017884887,0.00023926453,0.000062228595,0.16139755,0.00002355332,0.0016454657,0.45890212,0.0018428916,0.21774203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027339382,0.0008678737,0.4730045,0.0012478379,0.00036034794,0.000027217931,0.14064495,0.002788357,0.0003338117,0.009537415,0.36748365,0.000970118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002176113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0053602275,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44936472,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016494557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009536288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.58219755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164354061","doi":"10.1142/s1793993311000269","title":"SUBNATIONAL TAXATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of International Commerce Economics and Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"World Bank Group","keywords":"Revenue; Context (archaeology); Margin (machine learning); Public economics; Tax revenue; Developing country; Balance (ability); Politics; Government (linguistics); Public finance; Business; Economics; Revenue sharing; Government revenue; Economic policy; Development economics; Finance; Economic growth; Political science; Macroeconomics; Geography","score_opus":0.041372100944742446,"score_gpt":0.3588515538219469,"score_spread":0.31747945287720447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2164354061","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007288163,0.9874626,0.000016741471,0.0072514717,0.0004589869,0.00016723941,0.000054160468,8.4961124e-7,0.0045151142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000062862935,0.9974022,0.00005664455,0.0018487552,0.00041778383,0.000003034505,0.000013919396,0.000006498688,0.00018832056],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998739,0.00013472028,0.00079652737,0.000075483455,0.00016529455,0.00008896073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99725413,0.00013052239,0.002253917,0.00006734281,0.00026328806,0.00003079153],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007777391,0.00010326788,0.0004456427,0.00019008359,0.00005817773,0.000050221835,0.0003894604,0.0001115663,0.000041220123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005057201,0.00007376645,0.00018171596,0.0002231198,0.00007154727,0.00025840214,0.00005226857,0.0001683426,0.0000014109171],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000063346693,0.000021978562,0.00039615392,0.0036615008,0.00006531847,6.132952e-7,0.0014879635,0.0000025185682,3.796934e-9,0.88093853,0.0020969356,0.11132215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000085700514,0.0000068121008,0.00038968347,0.038658537,0.000028852639,0.0000117183135,0.000023776243,0.0000020675025,1.11330046e-7,0.0011955233,0.95953196,0.00006526361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018609466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016769483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.957435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005398001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012953471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30081087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2167101444","doi":"","title":"Cities in Canadian Federalism","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prosperity; Federalism; Reputation; Government (linguistics); Political economy; Political science; Revenue; Development economics; Economics; Economic growth; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.008697907831022325,"score_gpt":0.24775067445899668,"score_spread":0.23905276662797437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2167101444","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17654184,0.000026556492,0.000062301944,0.0033715272,0.00008357265,0.000048296282,0.0000010893826,0.00001620282,0.8198486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9756613,0.00002327579,0.000028676379,0.0006158624,0.000065852524,0.0000018589177,0.0000028235766,0.0000013626833,0.023599023],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995632,0.000015622421,0.00005203572,0.00004763259,0.000115578696,0.00020589959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99991053,0.000006722409,0.00000739414,0.000024121455,0.0000085766005,0.000042672065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009463331,0.000021247904,0.000027288037,0.000025704781,0.00012471167,0.00004546244,0.000038623763,0.000029417057,0.00047197196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013277662,0.000020789921,0.000007950973,0.00011323925,0.000030064535,0.0001017829,0.0000021275184,0.000014835752,0.00003513578],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.1927695e-7,0.0000036876115,0.20159334,3.224462e-7,1.4685594e-7,0.000002327519,0.00053526816,0.000017839375,0.0000015712146,0.78252184,0.015039155,0.00028416718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008488227,0.0000023737493,0.17038743,0.00000303194,4.2261672e-7,4.7804544e-8,0.0011894132,0.0000434085,0.000040556297,0.016188169,0.812,0.0000602665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9926465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99867004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7991194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022908338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001694955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5167762},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2171484020","doi":"10.4337/9780857932297.00019","title":"Below the salt: decentralizing value-added taxes","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Invoice; Value-added tax; Value (mathematics); Consumption (sociology); Economics; Business; Public economics; Accounting","score_opus":0.04923077972473749,"score_gpt":0.279529014351857,"score_spread":0.2302982346271195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2171484020","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000055700635,0.0012132113,0.0004380616,0.004030624,0.00259767,0.00069503876,0.00008189718,0.00031201076,0.9905758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011676061,0.00048390348,0.0002688141,0.002328725,0.0031901037,0.000029166005,0.00011581105,0.00013654084,0.9817709],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9952255,0.00019591079,0.000568792,0.0006185108,0.0025064654,0.00088482996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977491,0.00024211494,0.00058495795,0.00063672627,0.00041347343,0.0003736634],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024788522,0.00045408832,0.00046264002,0.00011306633,0.0011354401,0.002950743,0.0013893471,0.00079858926,0.00046184522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011806677,0.00036624374,0.00027049734,0.00007914488,0.0005231599,0.001154565,0.0002809432,0.0009000165,0.00019592524],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012136964,0.0000070385727,0.000037440783,0.000011698894,0.000047567737,0.000010181718,0.004118436,0.00000970528,0.0000019032079,0.66480696,0.31683084,0.014106105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023863443,0.000023378207,0.000021654083,0.00017952497,0.00007734713,0.0000017496932,0.00042029496,0.000015567453,0.000017686509,0.12996592,0.8686266,0.0004116261],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023857648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032167519,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5517958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00086953153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011918459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2173544542","doi":"10.5430/ijba.v6n6p55","title":"Evaluation Studies on Shanghai Population Control Policy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Business Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Population; Population control; Variance (accounting); Control (management); Business; Economics; Demography; Research methodology; Accounting; Management","score_opus":0.11205640690092285,"score_gpt":0.4341930573714032,"score_spread":0.32213665047048035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2173544542","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8979102,0.0005339587,0.018465243,0.05679087,0.011611127,0.00068017753,0.000024314711,0.000055964,0.013928185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99686563,0.0001595036,0.00011078388,0.00048557163,0.0022332068,0.000005653247,0.000021158454,0.0000063374882,0.000112179805],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965224,0.00022992305,0.00047675034,0.00009968687,0.0025598363,0.000111396985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99373335,0.000079678204,0.00067831477,0.00006132012,0.0053587933,0.000088529974],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023028927,0.00008480721,0.00014074647,0.00020436844,0.00009147702,0.00012936795,0.00019540079,0.00006525871,0.000026062698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0056652133,0.00007591437,0.00005061605,0.000303845,0.00005798636,0.0008198871,0.000009176528,0.000064594555,0.00001269864],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0029209335,0.0014206124,0.050241545,0.000023621564,0.0008869343,0.0001249651,0.016877817,0.08569976,0.00039707383,0.6429247,0.011088234,0.18739377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.026091442,0.002854128,0.5086804,0.0014302174,0.00097170693,0.00018752798,0.029004732,0.017419066,0.0029288293,0.32779536,0.08110634,0.0015302502],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001741485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033402623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45843887,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001247852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013916838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6782199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178140548","doi":"","title":"El gobierno electrónico y la rendición de cuentas en la administración regional y estatal: An International Comparison","year":2013,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Gestión y Política Pública","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.017670782666548777,"score_gpt":0.36369871814278426,"score_spread":0.3460279354762355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2178140548","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72255653,0.0004971725,0.002857383,0.12350618,0.0014490914,0.0015175778,0.00034658116,0.0006481017,0.14662138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924268,0.0021532564,0.0011897597,0.0011641015,0.0009337624,0.000077003286,0.00025295373,0.00005670869,0.0017456667],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.995414,0.0008019438,0.0006780073,0.00072162086,0.0013967971,0.0009876265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976368,0.0006771665,0.00039995532,0.00048725927,0.00017596137,0.0006228385],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008316653,0.0004051196,0.00040922736,0.00014636613,0.00041647226,0.0008994623,0.0010792037,0.00052129105,0.0014414709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005805503,0.00042404013,0.0001675952,0.0005013363,0.00070396846,0.0011910968,0.00015332233,0.0005494576,0.00072159735],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017455568,0.0021188448,0.117200926,0.000051775834,0.00016426283,0.000054730393,0.0051110564,0.00007667624,0.0010402565,0.75481564,0.06947146,0.049719807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007745582,0.00031347037,0.233819,0.0001284481,0.0000959395,0.00003957475,0.0011507072,0.0032173474,0.00032399484,0.0060976706,0.7535027,0.0005365913],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027424146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011746208,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.74871796,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054140185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006568964,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998211},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2179009951","doi":"10.3828/twpr.23.3.w041710121r15351","title":"Regional planning reform in Indonesia","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Third World Planning Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Brandon University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Bureaucracy; Government (linguistics); Order (exchange); Centralized government; Public administration; Control (management); Central government; Economic system; Business; Political science; Local government; Economics; Finance; Politics; Management; Law","score_opus":0.06321832092381331,"score_gpt":0.35625063084524333,"score_spread":0.29303230992143003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2179009951","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11109489,0.22667198,0.00043584095,0.018701056,0.0005185162,0.001125864,0.0000028449085,0.0003005612,0.64114845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.880117,0.097046986,0.00025986324,0.013089743,0.0004989605,0.000059826154,0.000050458293,0.00002611142,0.008851051],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985174,0.000117956486,0.0003236359,0.00020087419,0.00047540077,0.00036473072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953485,0.00006950927,0.00014475406,0.00014251443,0.000027991633,0.0000803559],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009281329,0.000112262795,0.0002518837,0.000085632266,0.00019822501,0.00003533047,0.00021158991,0.000051322753,0.00013737576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007212325,0.0001012263,0.00005346864,0.0010300308,0.00006125763,0.00027364644,0.000025023128,0.00017578898,0.000084864776],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003954707,0.00005742652,0.89473796,0.00029737226,0.000009258836,0.00017396311,0.0029539245,0.00010199033,0.0000024622884,0.048187774,0.04158223,0.01185611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017440271,0.000009836354,0.0938732,0.007320657,0.000011777924,0.000004478261,0.00027550186,0.00002040323,0.000001333947,0.00051827554,0.8976221,0.00016803527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007355775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040807878,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8560399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034559402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008692927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41278887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2182565077","doi":"10.13016/5lvh-ucaj","title":"The Puzzle of Local Double Taxation: Why Do Private Community Associations Exist?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The independent review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Infill; Subject (documents); Dividend; Private sector; Local government; Community development; Business; Public administration; Political science; Economic growth; Economics; Finance; Geography","score_opus":0.039305081187321775,"score_gpt":0.3277621152042075,"score_spread":0.2884570340168857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2182565077","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.035339057,0.23708831,0.038480762,0.121958956,0.0025450152,0.010441017,0.00010224765,0.00043872342,0.5536059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94648916,0.050124854,0.000015661295,0.002088606,0.00007707725,0.000024569752,0.000015349713,0.000005239049,0.0011595],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99768925,0.0006616318,0.00040338116,0.0001097715,0.00088207005,0.00025392152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99854195,0.00019116972,0.0006256811,0.00043631447,0.0001504763,0.000054423967],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027647675,0.00009946862,0.00020557792,0.000010516312,0.0017084798,0.00010166028,0.00062736793,0.00007113097,0.000093667775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014510441,0.00006112117,0.00012541476,0.0004377948,0.00018703598,0.00019532851,0.000053096268,0.00023936931,0.0000500499],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024526762,0.0003670112,0.005163497,0.00015393489,0.00004983789,0.0000013475449,0.0028638146,0.00005402918,0.000014468986,0.8563706,0.03979861,0.09513827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003285079,0.000044130185,0.019603036,0.00041168783,0.000075631404,6.968894e-7,0.00079979294,0.000008979705,0.000056773846,0.015009377,0.96352667,0.00013473397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015423766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005303958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92372805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002187469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000094709365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995912},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2183538084","doi":"10.1177/152397210900900201","title":"Symposium on Heterogeneity and Public Policy: Part 1","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Cliché; Democracy; Politics; Public policy; Political science; Positive economics; Political economy; Law and economics; Economics; Sociology; Public economics; Law","score_opus":0.02128775417569603,"score_gpt":0.272005799280613,"score_spread":0.250718045104917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2183538084","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40783295,0.00097394903,0.0012671864,0.22141927,0.00041863578,0.0009946432,0.000012408744,0.00021078736,0.3668702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9686085,0.023935657,0.00007328017,0.0052524474,0.00015141217,0.000023997192,0.000005980743,0.0000045168244,0.0019442212],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987926,0.0000447288,0.00013149228,0.00028990253,0.00032390197,0.0004174022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963534,0.0000118261005,0.00006183405,0.00015990235,0.000027016307,0.000104098595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028485295,0.000105272426,0.00010714732,0.00008528379,0.00041187607,0.00027040497,0.00012418396,0.00005188435,0.000011666246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032460954,0.00010019496,0.000024084253,0.0003225303,0.00010894609,0.00043203536,0.000052257306,0.000044370703,0.000013427191],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005827262,0.00009125251,0.0047207153,0.000009458975,0.0000075124412,0.0000033328008,0.00020781282,0.0000020837729,0.0000021097396,0.88755447,0.008446163,0.098949246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002735852,0.00008252666,0.05972958,0.000016509712,0.000005880426,3.4819382e-7,0.00016707278,0.000029996147,0.000015343543,0.0039466466,0.93560445,0.00012807825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013250961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028584088,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9271583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009141689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003816687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4085832},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2186651478","doi":"","title":"Мировая практика использования бюджетного федерализма в экономической систе- Ме государств федеративного типа","year":2010,"lang":"ru","type":"article","venue":"Российский внешнеэкономический вестник","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Economics; Political science; Public economics; Law","score_opus":0.009397594906414685,"score_gpt":0.2780217234219453,"score_spread":0.26862412851553064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2186651478","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5946013,0.0040115993,0.0035233167,0.01533253,0.037981156,0.0057200994,0.0010890657,0.002486313,0.33525467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91701376,0.00516644,0.0016645881,0.0048601604,0.009095366,0.000285815,0.00043421,0.00054233224,0.060937326],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9794757,0.0011897878,0.003572538,0.004056088,0.005966723,0.0057392106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98878205,0.0010405831,0.0022272095,0.003764062,0.0014818904,0.0027042334],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0039997054,0.0027564494,0.00267141,0.00083751057,0.0037322543,0.0021195582,0.004441859,0.0033536882,0.020022348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0026972266,0.0028897005,0.0015892894,0.005357631,0.003257679,0.0033255422,0.0012113944,0.0042800247,0.012983106],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012618543,0.00709039,0.09450781,0.0010104068,0.0014745414,0.0009910014,0.041467328,0.00047119748,0.023849934,0.3696271,0.31946716,0.13878131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004829071,0.0007867388,0.022888513,0.0005909855,0.0008375251,0.0000817485,0.007648913,0.001566502,0.0062914337,0.0076302355,0.94228417,0.0045641824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007268308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013551293,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.622817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012790692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002790389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99945486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2198806713","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2015.12.003","title":"Strategic interaction in political competition: Evidence from spatial effects across Chinese cities","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":337,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Peking University; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Competition (biology); Promotion (chess); Economic geography; Investment (military); Ranking (information retrieval); Tournament; Local government; Economics; Politics; China; Spatial econometrics; Geography; Political science; Econometrics","score_opus":0.06367492468045848,"score_gpt":0.32996920595779394,"score_spread":0.26629428127733545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2198806713","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936463,0.0001222865,0.00012614972,0.0021066682,0.00038199074,0.00010307326,0.0000052003948,0.000014025279,0.0034942857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99879205,0.00026063717,0.000041896048,0.00047658887,0.0003564065,0.0000056346375,0.000004590732,0.0000027199405,0.00005948701],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989469,0.000047024303,0.000147803,0.00024890262,0.00028045182,0.00032892983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993964,0.00017506913,0.00006199745,0.000077155644,0.00007845096,0.00021096486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059559767,0.00007574503,0.00010996092,0.00003645063,0.00024226525,0.0002303897,0.00016649903,0.000051099454,0.00001240547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024027775,0.00007102955,0.000018355322,0.00020148829,0.0008301835,0.0012135742,0.000046308178,0.00006843021,0.000015320697],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000067353714,0.000050771112,0.45091748,0.00000641504,0.0000026897915,0.0000046939326,0.007988385,0.00016421359,0.00004434055,0.5394984,0.00022768533,0.0010276003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014042135,0.0002483527,0.76453954,0.0003062876,0.000010204027,0.0000076892575,0.031082517,0.018204913,0.00021028204,0.17136237,0.012022541,0.0006010749],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009882848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0077996426,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.368136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006256128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049186836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2199787640","doi":"","title":"Endettement des provinces canadiennes : analyse comparative avec les entités fédérées des Etats-Unis, de l’Australie, de l’Allemagne et de la Suisse","year":2013,"lang":"fr","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.06301212524443578,"score_gpt":0.37152517971267884,"score_spread":0.30851305446824306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2199787640","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9163388,0.00081080134,0.00009312605,0.0009979588,0.00012688075,0.00089906517,0.00008431197,0.000034558347,0.080614515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9298935,0.054036804,0.0035802557,0.00011348157,0.00018888402,0.00035773244,0.000051144238,0.00004067633,0.011737544],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99256206,0.0030818675,0.0008178186,0.00092142157,0.00054345996,0.0020733473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968627,0.00137046,0.0003813261,0.00047763193,0.000250589,0.0006572984],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0060796547,0.00047885973,0.0006948633,0.00026365876,0.0010541548,0.0006543305,0.0009854822,0.00061882834,0.0006882632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008045696,0.00051270647,0.00023585121,0.00037923848,0.0042199255,0.00056501507,0.00046152982,0.0011980677,0.000021386193],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014962943,0.0009018895,0.61026156,0.00056126673,0.00045399775,0.00012628491,0.10369943,0.04591416,0.0005851759,0.13277341,0.00064727204,0.103925906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015538532,0.00053678226,0.62036556,0.0013787114,0.00017668672,0.000035723737,0.11362729,0.020629505,0.0033122995,0.068372436,0.16818659,0.0018245786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19377619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.55301404,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35923785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00959613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038307935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2203546218","doi":"10.1439/37337","title":"Il Fiscal Compact: un primo commento","year":2012,"lang":"it","type":"article","venue":"Quaderni costituzionali","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre for International Governance Innovation","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Philosophy; Political science; Economics","score_opus":0.040400112648300734,"score_gpt":0.30342554320871895,"score_spread":0.2630254305604182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2203546218","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27077106,0.012837959,0.014031695,0.11502083,0.017673317,0.0033748131,0.0011103072,0.0007041929,0.56447583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9806118,0.0011610391,0.00009708993,0.0041965153,0.001836536,0.000011731837,0.00015279447,0.00003328556,0.011899211],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99589705,0.00030456003,0.000542617,0.00038681514,0.0016652475,0.0012037299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99837816,0.00024194736,0.00031739712,0.0003369658,0.000095932264,0.00062960124],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008644372,0.00035711075,0.00038632387,0.00005537315,0.0008830691,0.00019200856,0.00046620556,0.00032450765,0.00789974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018848124,0.00035660889,0.00020759177,0.00048188015,0.00045215822,0.00092178833,0.00010318994,0.00032372717,0.003750146],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008820688,0.0015503133,0.37351066,0.000051449126,0.00012842684,0.000008124,0.011012967,0.00006470559,0.00008562916,0.37825352,0.23131686,0.0039291433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006919043,0.000066851775,0.08487511,0.000097845324,0.00009480015,0.0000036850845,0.0017707846,0.00011115654,0.00042256532,0.0009663423,0.9104285,0.00047040771],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011943064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008176461,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7098408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006649301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001779593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2208317179","doi":"10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.09.006","title":"Making reform stick: Political acumen as an element of political capacity for policy change and innovation","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy and Society","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Negotiation; Element (criminal law); Corporate governance; Public administration; Economics; Political science; Law; Management","score_opus":0.2070679196341847,"score_gpt":0.42671568571600776,"score_spread":0.21964776608182307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2208317179","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9341257,0.000034463792,0.0029435165,0.027666464,0.000084199026,0.00068845943,0.00013005703,0.00005052434,0.0342766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930867,0.000049477512,0.0010034824,0.0046890466,0.0009867348,0.000023112138,0.000013959118,0.000006700166,0.00014079592],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875784,0.000046739573,0.00020667192,0.0001588948,0.00031241743,0.0005174517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994203,0.000048062466,0.000075969394,0.00008044538,0.0001610284,0.00021422016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057784683,0.00008931779,0.00014330396,0.00005382021,0.00022059503,0.000049320795,0.00006709732,0.00012448101,0.000002844573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054116244,0.00007989346,0.000035360426,0.0003822382,0.00036614158,0.00034842012,0.000043741402,0.000054910786,5.9840426e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000128920865,0.000042762513,0.0023768637,0.000030031966,0.000007695889,6.748089e-8,0.012551643,7.859913e-8,0.0000255052,0.98331547,0.00015045129,0.0014865549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018486521,0.00059975794,0.026982171,0.00006431069,0.000052766427,0.0000033473075,0.040099975,0.0008265575,0.0008307491,0.863641,0.06465467,0.0003960004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.026710166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00027807444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.119674414,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006679054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037831024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9797711},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2213078013","doi":"","title":"Impact of Size and Geographic Location on the Financial Condition of Spanish Municipalities","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sample (material); Business; Order (exchange); Population; Government (linguistics); Regional science; Location; Local government; Geography; Accounting; Finance; Demography","score_opus":0.2516883907031501,"score_gpt":0.5332609554212026,"score_spread":0.2815725647180525,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2213078013","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907978,0.0015227488,0.00010064338,0.000051174276,0.00013616194,0.00031310247,0.00003171407,0.000007120648,0.0070395293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99084616,0.008910612,0.000016064827,0.00007733514,0.000049218703,0.000010224886,0.0000033509748,0.000008268112,0.00007874193],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99835265,0.00028151096,0.00044899376,0.0001458746,0.0005812911,0.00018969126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982981,0.00034847602,0.0007902167,0.00019359654,0.00029815166,0.00007146185],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001101774,0.00011742834,0.00030375057,0.0001392808,0.00024518956,0.00014616376,0.0007396241,0.00008264317,0.0034545215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00085606385,0.00008671331,0.000110919485,0.00064906024,0.000467092,0.0010887431,0.00011834747,0.000109232176,0.0000012636704],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000265328,0.0002980287,0.9530361,0.000045757733,0.00007960201,0.000001512246,0.0073549733,0.00006721106,0.0032146901,0.030169714,0.0024573961,0.0030096848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020049191,0.00003616942,0.9730475,0.00018429181,0.000035274807,2.93048e-7,0.00081933226,0.000014111563,0.0040708263,0.021207836,0.0002840816,0.00009978972],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020009361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008485239,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020011399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005762458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017125501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99745643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2223329423","doi":"","title":"지방소비세의 도입에 관한 연구","year":2004,"lang":"ko","type":"article","venue":"조세학술논집","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax reform; Value-added tax; Ad valorem tax; Direct tax; Consumption tax; Indirect tax; Economics; Local government; Tax avoidance; State income tax; Public economics; Business; Economic policy; Public administration; Political science","score_opus":0.014446588945146353,"score_gpt":0.27370118877435734,"score_spread":0.259254599829211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2223329423","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7954541,0.00085634383,0.006318477,0.01840227,0.0039388593,0.0006752424,0.000052079617,0.0002195893,0.17408305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98988664,0.0012290495,0.00015632306,0.0011558516,0.00068912044,0.000005986215,0.000009555938,0.000015446121,0.0068520014],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99810374,0.00006072113,0.00025693633,0.00031698676,0.0007416991,0.0005199441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993952,0.000027724196,0.00013012273,0.000230048,0.000057380206,0.00015953115],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024806496,0.00015869345,0.00019063227,0.000027868275,0.00041553166,0.00014352363,0.00029553066,0.00019793345,0.0009982225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011674121,0.00015834313,0.00010705163,0.00049486745,0.00021278202,0.00036730667,0.000053626296,0.00013020908,0.0018084024],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007038698,0.0007308955,0.10719693,0.00007410536,0.00006494287,0.00006367567,0.0239824,0.0011870059,0.00026682165,0.82651806,0.01923429,0.020610496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035409688,0.0003885997,0.19439504,0.0003916372,0.00013968218,0.0000045111237,0.0071932576,0.0001810185,0.003013087,0.07146575,0.7180913,0.0011951393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022103365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011973844,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7550523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039174285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002708994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2235001343","doi":"","title":"The Architecture of Federations: Constitutions, Bargaining, and Moral Hazard","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Moral hazard; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Politics; Business; Local government; Public administration; Central government; Collective bargaining; Economics; Public economics; Microeconomics; Finance; Incentive; Market economy; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.008775835140885032,"score_gpt":0.26468737191959674,"score_spread":0.2559115367787117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2235001343","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41266322,0.06320154,0.26379484,0.053041723,0.0008696072,0.0009699601,0.0000103452685,0.00015805711,0.2052907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9771504,0.02210169,0.000067962326,0.00012437165,0.00009989167,7.524395e-7,6.2213843e-7,0.000001662799,0.00045269512],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896026,0.00006511823,0.00012860057,0.00005157238,0.0002167641,0.00057771226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997805,0.00003348601,0.000066337896,0.000042570035,0.000041900585,0.00003522065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007314663,0.00004488942,0.000057928166,0.000016576203,0.0010248022,0.00009136702,0.00008806621,0.000034350884,0.0000041093035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010537409,0.00003157294,0.000027154314,0.00009534374,0.00018976582,0.00011628861,0.000004137878,0.00030727332,0.0000010035453],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007162208,0.00000829602,0.0014515459,2.1268797e-7,0.000008925142,2.2689942e-7,0.00041252046,0.00006527928,0.00002065693,0.9589988,0.00018889028,0.038837478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022252383,0.000116542185,0.0018337573,0.000010265496,0.000011108383,0.000021373973,0.0033994538,0.00005305496,0.000043291133,0.97342664,0.020801904,0.00006009285],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000037112968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021417623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56448716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019205255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011175027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7882054},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2241061660","doi":"","title":"Toward Fiscal Sustainability in Thai Local Government: Lessons Learned from Local Fiscal Management Practices in Canada, France, Japan, South Korea, and United States","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Local government; Transparency (behavior); Revenue; Business; Fiscal sustainability; Government (linguistics); Sustainability; Government revenue; Public finance; Service delivery framework; Economic policy; Economics; Finance; Public administration; Service (business); Political science; Debt","score_opus":0.022123214132034618,"score_gpt":0.21527174727430157,"score_spread":0.19314853314226696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2241061660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9643114,0.00007594869,0.00015600974,0.005356006,0.00011043324,0.00030661744,0.00026424072,0.000021819158,0.029397508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963921,0.00005276733,0.000010711667,0.00008614172,0.000015132608,0.0000011154435,0.00004802027,0.000008785828,0.0033852684],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982409,0.00027748512,0.00023195769,0.0003037411,0.0006357288,0.00031022693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991274,0.00014556292,0.00026890903,0.0002535158,0.00002191191,0.00018270036],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000104880826,0.00014313648,0.00020960002,0.0000914363,0.00016359008,0.00011744688,0.0005230433,0.0000872974,0.000006544319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006777324,0.00013552027,0.000049455302,0.0008416187,0.0005207101,0.0014365027,0.00040685025,0.00019281097,7.125227e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024460017,0.00014558346,0.9820818,0.000028167939,0.00003125624,0.00022149185,0.004918392,0.0020505644,1.907736e-7,0.0054645143,0.00076177134,0.0040517],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016207502,0.00007176702,0.62821996,0.00014371834,0.000044135402,0.0000014395754,0.23429048,0.0019223046,0.00011844057,0.003334184,0.12985648,0.00037630665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.44452468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.29666996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.35386178,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012037416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00063373515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.716164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2242993217","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-0503-7_2","title":"Division of Powers","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"ZEI studies in European economics and law","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Division (mathematics); Separation of powers; Government (linguistics); Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Power (physics); Computer science; Political science; Arithmetic; Mathematics; Law; Constitution; Physics; Decentralization","score_opus":0.038830241729656226,"score_gpt":0.2779400749464304,"score_spread":0.2391098332167742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2242993217","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.002514143,0.0021324935,0.0000044953654,0.0001543596,0.00032803885,0.00010859142,0.000015277248,0.00000792137,0.9947347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7089388,0.20546068,0.000042056636,0.00042049726,0.00015603761,7.3646794e-7,0.000008257568,0.000036042893,0.08493689],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933946,0.000020364967,0.00025960288,0.000187685,0.000067712455,0.00012514403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999647,0.000032112155,0.00017225824,0.00009580262,0.000023388136,0.00002943512],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030488608,0.00011095383,0.00023776662,0.00002680458,0.00011970601,0.000017401906,0.00009908983,0.000052436946,0.000039654904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017659371,0.00010996884,0.00004396689,0.000010197636,0.00059075374,0.0000729985,0.000120198005,0.00006726535,0.000018660436],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000042224715,0.0000067677183,0.00008364673,0.000015659489,0.000024487781,0.0000044751596,0.0027650853,0.000059372163,1.2070436e-7,0.993595,0.00021853806,0.0032225908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002501226,0.00004048698,0.0002171103,0.00018840858,0.000013002065,1.2330987e-7,0.0006281666,0.0000020408233,0.000002227548,0.04944917,0.9490518,0.00015737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016478536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009334127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9488332,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014298485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000023401055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44843993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2252849929","doi":"","title":"Rich States, Poor States: Assessing the Design and Effect of a U.S. Fiscal Equalization Regime","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; State (computer science); Per capita; Economics; Government (linguistics); Public economics; Fiscal federalism; Property tax; Equalization (audio); Tax reform; Decentralization; Finance; Population; Engineering","score_opus":0.019173626192772228,"score_gpt":0.29192136668699936,"score_spread":0.2727477404942271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2252849929","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6091186,0.0023178018,0.38610867,0.00065235863,0.00014731697,0.0003735035,0.0000012832077,0.00002672889,0.0012537715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98923707,0.010173949,0.00012283263,0.00006648783,0.00006542478,0.000003632383,0.000002463558,0.000009448224,0.00031869928],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99769866,0.000725053,0.00021142341,0.000110277826,0.00039472381,0.0008598533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939245,0.00020520136,0.00023588553,0.00006639078,0.0000519555,0.000048115235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042656325,0.00008815255,0.00012763924,0.00003265386,0.00042634743,0.00008270373,0.0001557915,0.000057169167,0.000025732708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017489423,0.000056764366,0.000034951056,0.00023294186,0.00013681005,0.00038838654,0.000016816739,0.00031462428,0.0000025146983],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006886529,0.00027317667,0.16605832,0.00006469235,0.0003592871,0.000010583332,0.06302818,0.0010256234,0.00069817,0.6673772,0.0021415832,0.09827459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0035291554,0.0036267722,0.017607056,0.0002415925,0.00041046733,0.00008215772,0.045411218,0.0077142464,0.0065300637,0.9056803,0.008431628,0.00073531916],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005314759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00031488852,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38598582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003497554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052080496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3279163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2261141290","doi":"10.5539/mas.v10n4p88","title":"An Analytical Study on Adoption of Resistive Economy as a Political Strategy in Urban Management and Municipalities (Case Study: Zahedan Municipality)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Human resources; Politics; Descriptive statistics; Developing country; Economic growth; Descriptive research; Political science; Economics; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.054468871331241515,"score_gpt":0.35252553875338405,"score_spread":0.29805666742214254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2261141290","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.944385,0.0000038591184,0.0008227583,0.000084924046,0.000017110096,0.0008073284,0.0000032693122,0.00002104802,0.053854737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99955237,0.0000055657583,0.000024666773,0.000071558505,0.000021097387,0.000051384177,4.140993e-7,0.0000057264,0.00026720122],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99787724,0.00017762755,0.00031480013,0.0005246552,0.00063167553,0.0004739841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916774,0.00009767894,0.000082605235,0.00035887916,0.00005173729,0.00024138439],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015340291,0.00012281838,0.00019701321,0.00018787407,0.00030667035,0.00010633376,0.00032964972,0.000042274994,0.000011890774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006576511,0.000096790165,0.000017421986,0.00048691774,0.0010105122,0.000383759,0.00010408835,0.000064070715,0.0000047407816],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009609461,0.0011567894,0.052125674,0.0000054877064,0.000008518623,0.00007390356,0.022817107,0.0000500892,0.000091039175,0.9214235,0.0000029558878,0.0021488734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002876691,0.0018371075,0.16670404,0.000060744966,0.00007053147,0.0000036138072,0.76276624,0.008639365,0.00017833935,0.05624636,0.00013572848,0.0004812569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004359832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034512687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8651771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003430589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016327936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6590791},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2262589383","doi":"","title":"Merging Municipalities: Is Bigger Better?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Restructuring; Business; Corporate governance; Property tax; Revenue; Service (business); Public economics; Tax revenue; Revenue sharing; Regional science; Economics; Finance; Geography; Marketing","score_opus":0.017534252736343507,"score_gpt":0.2539840866597005,"score_spread":0.236449833923357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2262589383","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5875017,0.0002034899,0.0007179008,0.006532099,0.000118822645,0.00014410279,0.0000039184674,0.000047594727,0.40473035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9727369,0.0007247068,0.00057421374,0.00021897184,0.000037065678,1.8176489e-7,0.0000016215215,0.0000036255426,0.025702743],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993043,0.000048564234,0.000047539106,0.00011440228,0.00028454262,0.0002006813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996362,0.000025103433,0.000073941235,0.00013202157,0.00006155287,0.000071224706],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000095432486,0.000054969572,0.00010002179,0.00001099459,0.0002824194,0.000018663657,0.00020861428,0.000061006416,0.060162514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000013151821,0.00006798586,0.00005522878,0.00005839538,0.00015323756,0.0008298628,0.00004966224,0.000029920551,0.00011496278],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028787388,0.00011849494,0.018874753,0.00004012332,0.00008097572,0.0000057948328,0.7134221,0.000016348364,0.00066574,0.08643973,0.06181601,0.11849112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068242085,0.000063979365,0.21555802,0.000059970844,0.00004646143,1.5959269e-7,0.5058054,0.0007048958,0.00018815434,0.00076598645,0.27578095,0.0003436253],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7375698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07770371,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6598661,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023018733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000041129446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9406966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2270535738","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.343604","title":"The Efficiency Consequences of Local Revenue Equalization: Tax Competition and Tax Distortions","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Tax competition; Equalization (audio); Externality; Revenue; Public economics; Tax revenue; Competition (biology); Microeconomics; Public finance; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; Finance; Telecommunications; Computer science","score_opus":0.012569414319311223,"score_gpt":0.2557899539879162,"score_spread":0.243220539668605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2270535738","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26439497,0.03078244,0.6698406,0.02040379,0.0009987614,0.0005726155,0.000046463,0.00005115946,0.012909235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9668852,0.030320123,0.000011166743,0.000042055326,0.000100440295,0.000002521539,0.000001292803,0.0000035510081,0.0026336387],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99853873,0.00016691712,0.00021445438,0.00008547503,0.00037301084,0.00062138453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995358,0.00007735877,0.00020163685,0.00006123748,0.000080138045,0.000043807755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010176512,0.000055342643,0.0000774998,0.000021247724,0.0010244069,0.000054794105,0.0001323232,0.000042562555,0.00004837151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013478521,0.000042195617,0.00003515325,0.00022215873,0.0006531076,0.00016665798,0.000010255443,0.00023448616,0.0000061717747],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057655193,0.000031648135,0.0011615107,0.0000021291285,0.000009655998,4.993259e-7,0.001024566,0.000061715225,0.00007154232,0.98747885,0.00043023788,0.009721888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012523435,0.00068365416,0.0022282347,0.00015428005,0.000101047095,0.00011913238,0.04943187,0.0014632628,0.0005769515,0.7056245,0.2379068,0.0004579242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042139753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006636211,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70249027,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040221133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037840722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.78790134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2273543073","doi":"","title":"Super-Sized Fiscal Federalism: How Equalization Over-Serves Have-Not Provinces","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Fraser Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Equalization (audio); Economics; Political science; Computer science; Channel (broadcasting); Law; Decentralization; Telecommunications; Politics; Market economy","score_opus":0.013629609983760843,"score_gpt":0.2659814074319677,"score_spread":0.25235179744820685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2273543073","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9387262,0.0012290259,0.021375598,0.03070649,0.0006144962,0.0007333932,0.0000049041773,0.00013844288,0.0064714756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98022026,0.0052301795,0.000052922285,0.00050348364,0.0006049167,0.000018387474,0.000011300068,0.000019555222,0.013338989],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99624413,0.00030968201,0.0002812579,0.00023758216,0.00091705454,0.0020102803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993008,0.00007388164,0.00022701279,0.000118539705,0.00013652384,0.00014327426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012688423,0.00016760753,0.00019985824,0.000058224552,0.000976699,0.0007878133,0.0003415949,0.00015119935,0.0003480201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003210771,0.00014363877,0.00012109356,0.00022054836,0.00012955202,0.0016317953,0.00003334255,0.0005650975,0.000050423867],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000066943045,0.00015161031,0.04307199,0.000011927862,0.00008546977,0.0000027305719,0.004306616,0.00004080741,0.001167342,0.92118865,0.006343678,0.023562249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004968183,0.0010052861,0.044187017,0.00013965923,0.00013754214,0.00005702252,0.07499887,0.002195423,0.0021799654,0.71048105,0.15806466,0.0015853071],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035134195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018070681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21070758,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013311506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001625243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999847},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2274208705","doi":"10.5555/arwg.3.4.07l280k89754408x","title":"Local Level Authorities and Local Action in Greater Khartoum, Sudan","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arab world geographer","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Extant taxon; Action (physics); Federalism; Political science; Public administration; Business; Public relations; Law","score_opus":0.03161442910081674,"score_gpt":0.2824480647658643,"score_spread":0.25083363566504757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2274208705","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287375,0.00046344442,0.0027995247,0.0017986591,0.00025957232,0.00027108565,0.0000089843825,0.00009551745,0.0655657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98298275,0.00061561767,0.000049038175,0.0003977725,0.000073629475,0.000013492382,0.0000049126725,0.000008037408,0.01585476],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886817,0.00009831449,0.00016329468,0.00022735047,0.00030246677,0.0003404193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974734,0.00002713618,0.000028156152,0.00009311443,0.000019766549,0.00008447357],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023532445,0.00010344309,0.000117294745,0.0000912758,0.00022338874,0.00007279174,0.00007843523,0.00007625388,0.0021524804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000064143974,0.00010004351,0.00004274664,0.0005852784,0.00040565422,0.00035803326,0.000012286694,0.00010647102,0.00006893272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009669714,0.00008650003,0.58330786,0.000011860454,0.000013737423,0.000016303971,0.0039513814,0.00020566455,0.000004897072,0.019039417,0.0043818937,0.38888377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061124755,0.000034446773,0.7304125,0.000051316823,0.00001402697,0.0000010992316,0.0034292415,0.0002885703,0.00012691735,0.004631218,0.26013964,0.00025981406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007321682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.045907285,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38862395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006500443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002627388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992887},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2277402841","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v9n1p55","title":"Decentralization as a Tool for Ethnic Diversity Accommodation: A Conceptual Analysis","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Politics and Law","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Ethnic group; Politics; Political science; Diversity (politics); Sociology; Political economy; Public administration; Economic system; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.03804557719193379,"score_gpt":0.3237981238277946,"score_spread":0.2857525466358608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2277402841","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83139974,0.00027941147,0.15526521,0.0058559333,0.00033680687,0.00021391491,0.000044798824,0.000012061771,0.0065921214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99796903,0.0005591837,0.00017671817,0.00057406223,0.00014853392,4.8987687e-7,0.0000016991146,0.000001959752,0.0005683146],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993242,0.000047356334,0.00017011316,0.00005445773,0.00025895168,0.0001449328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999393,0.000120730285,0.00017253468,0.000038872124,0.00019348464,0.0000813832],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002996545,0.00003947048,0.00011070297,0.000033534518,0.00030113012,0.000032962173,0.000074410156,0.000047599922,0.0000846268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017109493,0.000027854037,0.00008166299,0.00014094434,0.00015993071,0.00030331986,0.000024335259,0.000020786221,0.0000011148619],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001490221,0.000020916725,0.019790357,0.0000019628683,0.00006268235,8.2199125e-7,0.00206899,0.000008805019,0.000014782319,0.9765194,0.00040781123,0.0010885638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0043593682,0.00055540306,0.105211295,0.00010939948,0.0018134052,0.0000062075856,0.006978761,0.00021595822,0.00094877137,0.2853582,0.5939924,0.00045081796],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00030280795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044495094,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6911612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009569328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006707273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23160797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2279309055","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1435520","title":"Assigning State Taxes in a Federal Country: The Case of Australia","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"State (computer science); Federal state; Business; Economic policy; Computer science","score_opus":0.013973783452656862,"score_gpt":0.3042022520480508,"score_spread":0.2902284685953939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2279309055","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945389,0.0004112586,0.0021351913,0.0015548513,0.00009063789,0.00011005205,0.0000027786743,0.0000072683574,0.0011490813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99675626,0.0016500737,0.000012440658,0.00009426161,0.00009048707,8.0448274e-7,5.526852e-7,0.0000029017856,0.0013922021],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982669,0.0001445856,0.00020230378,0.00007667986,0.00025587517,0.0010536538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969244,0.000031146305,0.00015238798,0.000052906867,0.000036528763,0.000034599827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016986842,0.000061746185,0.000093455725,0.000029460552,0.00032775107,0.00007301392,0.00013617007,0.00003951073,0.00002319382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007714991,0.00004463956,0.000035104233,0.00026849407,0.00006714411,0.00023070005,0.0000055042406,0.00050921727,0.000002688563],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008407199,0.00012390992,0.042157598,0.0000026511218,0.000031767388,0.0001757231,0.00781541,0.00054263766,0.00020232714,0.9188146,0.00085465494,0.029194634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015108606,0.0005691568,0.02773089,0.00007478302,0.000024730776,0.0006397443,0.038918003,0.0002393376,0.0002718514,0.9221564,0.0075500985,0.0003141541],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0060731843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.074534744,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06846156,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053559156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008829523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9423526},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2279399596","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.15712","title":"Reflections on the changing nature of administrative space","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BELGEO","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Restructuring; Globalization; State (computer science); Public sector; Independence (probability theory); Government (linguistics); Political science; Economic system; Political economy; Public administration; Economic growth; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.0896087905200998,"score_gpt":0.38413271191503695,"score_spread":0.29452392139493716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2279399596","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10022158,0.0003133518,0.00033533413,0.02251965,0.00031834532,0.00023438362,0.000008391987,0.00003891552,0.87601006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990262,0.00021347984,0.000025634448,0.0004872315,0.000088681285,0.0000047065832,5.4216423e-7,0.0000021397639,0.008915609],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995092,0.000042906442,0.00004966292,0.00006353755,0.00021790691,0.0001167887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977744,0.00006626401,0.000044439228,0.00006912394,0.000024901803,0.00001781094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000118410695,0.000031904685,0.00003760134,0.0000164885,0.00029773355,0.0000136715025,0.000070429305,0.000054767715,0.00040574386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013127415,0.000022409997,0.000023283561,0.00063776755,0.00006526966,0.000050750183,0.000007048106,0.00007898865,0.00003216796],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003104029,0.000039255385,0.00043785266,0.0000011805733,0.0000041578546,5.993543e-7,0.01262557,0.000004976221,0.00005309309,0.97905123,0.006959178,0.0008198131],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017013427,0.00014812278,0.003917783,0.000058015892,0.000014631365,4.364036e-7,0.024557738,0.00014138606,0.00607775,0.005478719,0.9592944,0.00014091244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006223946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028000306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9735725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000034941368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000014181498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44426107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2280906385","doi":"","title":"Un cuarto de siglo de modelos de financiación autonómica. Análisis de los resultados distributivos del sistema/A Quarter Century of Models of Regional Financing in Spain. An Analysis of Distributional Results of the System","year":2015,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Estudios de Economia Aplicada","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Humanities; Welfare economics; Political science; Geography; Economics; Art","score_opus":0.018475740558974933,"score_gpt":0.2621851215775198,"score_spread":0.24370938101854484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2280906385","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9718875,0.00035080255,0.02341764,0.0006285588,0.000055087017,0.0005652639,0.0028185796,0.00001686742,0.00025968775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986419,0.00032618776,0.0006902193,0.00005625409,0.00007562075,0.00005642777,0.00011880966,0.000018724117,0.000015876903],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99545854,0.0008025404,0.0017291288,0.00057268125,0.0006392593,0.0007978212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964699,0.00046449847,0.0017338451,0.00068216166,0.00038617908,0.00026338562],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0031160512,0.00032500428,0.0011001182,0.00016317733,0.00016918493,0.000030899784,0.0007610481,0.00043121318,0.000004098759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006279464,0.00031094212,0.00047648142,0.0013550459,0.00044422303,0.0003827071,0.00014687516,0.0002488024,7.313917e-7],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009931927,0.0009030335,0.4700672,0.00039078898,0.00047507018,0.0000070869974,0.007879761,0.39985156,0.000695536,0.11781139,0.000605714,0.00031965956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022608947,0.00019904606,0.40101865,0.00071175746,0.0007623573,0.0000043297005,0.0055235946,0.58242416,0.004648416,0.0018636886,0.00022691308,0.0003561782],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007984282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019058496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1825726,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003710812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023606308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99993426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2281505042","doi":"10.1111/capa.12133","title":"Cooperation, coordination and competition: Why do municipalities participate in economic development alliances?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); General partnership; Business; Order (exchange); Corporate governance; Visibility; Economic growth; Service (business); Economics; Marketing; Finance; Geography","score_opus":0.06885302614309691,"score_gpt":0.30311538517006603,"score_spread":0.23426235902696912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2281505042","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91465366,0.0002294056,0.001173216,0.059742097,0.0004884436,0.000523159,0.000025846219,0.00005017141,0.023114018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981473,0.000050440885,0.00011297218,0.0005843476,0.00008884027,0.000047075027,0.00013107578,0.00000515987,0.0008327614],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903303,0.00010742712,0.00024028138,0.00016924902,0.00017304126,0.00027694626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933183,0.00002020044,0.000069466674,0.000076237215,0.000109961424,0.00039231437],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00060315436,0.00007609464,0.00008691325,0.000091175774,0.00029153703,0.0003520252,0.00008170556,0.00008006639,0.00016402171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015566035,0.00009082434,0.000008091661,0.00016662072,0.000113612026,0.00082408026,0.000007218212,0.000045694942,0.00003178498],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000058176456,0.000014915292,0.023969961,0.000003858311,0.0000032690625,0.0000034481914,0.004192071,0.000027465587,7.5266877e-7,0.96705544,0.0030428625,0.001680138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003946657,0.000040988405,0.005137527,0.000017672319,0.0000030092501,0.0000011711231,0.0060721543,0.00076280895,0.0000388879,0.0022775899,0.98508424,0.00016929289],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015153475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.92261463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98204136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010775676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0036437393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9914047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2287592777","doi":"10.4000/belgeo.15738","title":"Using financial statement data as economic indicators for urban governance: the case of Antwerp","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BELGEO","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Construct (python library); Dimension (graph theory); Statement (logic); Order (exchange); Process (computing); Corporate governance; Point (geometry); Regional science; Business; Finance; Political science; Computer science; Geography","score_opus":0.08771656998196092,"score_gpt":0.35860342394894557,"score_spread":0.27088685396698464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2287592777","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871829,0.0012807644,0.0017710844,0.0012572621,0.0006639343,0.00078859355,0.0007503185,0.000022166856,0.006282943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981398,0.00072024105,0.0001679811,0.000168462,0.0002100601,0.0000071826385,0.000012767723,0.0000062408167,0.0005672937],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992205,0.00003770233,0.00021077726,0.0001712741,0.00015239464,0.00020737169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994032,0.000059749585,0.00022016355,0.00026526224,0.000012990981,0.00003863539],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038919758,0.000061627754,0.00009458217,0.0000118959715,0.00034683142,0.000031190764,0.00030123975,0.000046148234,0.0003304657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014845697,0.000050357194,0.000029896746,0.00018617848,0.00012417023,0.0002586357,0.0000698029,0.000033785367,0.000017088732],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006524912,0.0002724216,0.033115074,0.000047963873,0.000051990424,0.00006662078,0.012930843,0.0003008664,0.000034670302,0.5984466,0.26443452,0.0902332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00056785444,0.000063413325,0.0017809169,0.00002240691,0.00004554605,0.0000056323906,0.0012449747,0.0065071513,0.00024059741,0.0012715294,0.98808795,0.00016204637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041344143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017328496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72365344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017187491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013678618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6250025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2287720221","doi":"","title":"Contrainte budgétaire forte ou relâchée : revue théorique et expériences fédérales au Canada et en Allemagne","year":2005,"lang":"fr","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.021028086135419146,"score_gpt":0.31383396532680186,"score_spread":0.29280587919138273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2287720221","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40295643,0.00083346077,0.00009353639,0.07961985,0.0024740773,0.0020651552,0.00031782172,0.00006364873,0.511576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8680287,0.08437977,0.00042213345,0.0012476003,0.0011642277,0.00026161224,0.00011303089,0.00006415481,0.044318784],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99306524,0.0015838724,0.0011965677,0.0013782182,0.00096912455,0.0018069849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962864,0.0016719651,0.0005189569,0.00081834715,0.00021806333,0.000486284],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0055190558,0.00052780466,0.0008386241,0.00015277998,0.0005686415,0.00025731098,0.0013824714,0.0007348343,0.00036301016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018163922,0.0005929957,0.00024889564,0.0003386815,0.0010011019,0.00064063934,0.00071426004,0.0018166325,0.000019320696],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024299571,0.00043654031,0.05435545,0.0003805581,0.00020593169,0.0002274108,0.03518237,0.043397706,0.000039509174,0.5545419,0.003364135,0.30762547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00076991983,0.00016324449,0.03917816,0.0009091593,0.000019848914,0.000011597679,0.018923657,0.0044101644,0.00006657418,0.0055597555,0.9290726,0.0009153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5932603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99010324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9257085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009543374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.012523948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99965215},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2287915567","doi":"10.1504/ijea.2015.071814","title":"Toward a contingent approach to budget participation and performance of municipal services","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Accounting","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"","keywords":"Contingency theory; Contingency; Business; Service (business); Contingency plan; Municipal services; Decentralization; Process (computing); Questionnaire; Budget process; Public administration; Economics; Marketing; Political science; Politics; Management; Computer science","score_opus":0.04181273289193815,"score_gpt":0.28915402659017964,"score_spread":0.24734129369824148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2287915567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965718,0.00009990376,0.00013066357,0.0005774512,0.00023338581,0.00003765536,0.0000021119238,0.0000014055224,0.0023456533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998373,0.0006626252,0.0005641645,0.00017895244,0.0002015964,7.8462296e-7,0.0000010556298,0.0000024038782,0.000015422118],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994956,0.0000116354895,0.00024367467,0.000054293498,0.00012231771,0.00007247255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993901,0.000018849632,0.0002984644,0.000020934056,0.00021455623,0.000057060908],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053366943,0.000036092246,0.000088413944,0.000046133875,0.000034963326,0.000092786206,0.0001132502,0.000022403954,0.0000020527532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005599753,0.00003429793,0.000015556718,0.00002796827,0.000028728473,0.00045665627,0.000041091494,0.00002956102,4.839669e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034952757,0.00016201731,0.8250611,0.000045088273,0.000120139295,0.0000015362086,0.06369414,0.00925027,0.00008646689,0.06546386,0.00012169741,0.035644177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00595158,0.0008607043,0.40050972,0.00067001145,0.00015424207,0.000040683604,0.08053508,0.3083039,0.0020784317,0.006973318,0.19308768,0.0008346726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028846055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000071980336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42455137,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000487365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040807565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1398629},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2295625571","doi":"","title":"Income Tax Competition in a Federation: Evidence from a Natural Experiment","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Taxable income; Tax competition; Economics; Competition (biology); Tax reform; State income tax; Context (archaeology); Value-added tax; Gross income; Indirect tax; Public economics; Labour economics; Geography; Accounting","score_opus":0.012368280077946738,"score_gpt":0.2843499541449037,"score_spread":0.271981674066957,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2295625571","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730959,0.007913294,0.014547712,0.0014292188,0.00050764886,0.00018937228,8.443472e-7,0.000020838857,0.0022951576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99237555,0.0065261517,0.00010795702,0.00009267163,0.00016851678,0.00000695353,0.0000019499992,0.000005040527,0.000715211],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99799794,0.00028023976,0.00020650502,0.00013757446,0.00046212916,0.00091563386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968064,0.000058465186,0.000104591345,0.0000625795,0.000045891313,0.000047836118],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011282719,0.00007652691,0.0000974133,0.00003791224,0.00038098398,0.00013658954,0.00011952402,0.00005365323,0.00014552155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022826508,0.00007285423,0.000041337928,0.00021259773,0.000043171043,0.00056819944,0.000008082935,0.00049682363,0.000023554756],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043814736,0.000071173235,0.037076537,0.0000012191316,0.000015133702,0.0000051411807,0.0041064927,0.000070928516,0.0006861803,0.95583636,0.00004920495,0.0020378467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034222647,0.00051787705,0.039753042,0.0005962644,0.00003693527,0.000055106197,0.058068167,0.00058121,0.004373629,0.8651624,0.0265391,0.000894055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017822186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.030697381,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09067398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024089338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014297925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98698986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2319524635","doi":"10.1002/pad.1695","title":"LOCAL TAXES AND LOCAL EXPENDITURES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: STRENGTHENING THE WICKSELLIAN CONNECTION","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Language change; Economics; Revenue; Element (criminal law); Local government; Linkage (software); Connection (principal bundle); Developing country; Business; Economic growth; Market economy; Public administration; Finance; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.022719532882766236,"score_gpt":0.27681383596232806,"score_spread":0.2540943030795618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2319524635","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19696423,0.00022289601,0.76966816,0.026880171,0.00027546083,0.00039695753,0.000002406102,0.00007322825,0.0055165044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99765575,0.0004269433,0.0006393717,0.0010230218,0.000047347596,0.000025910975,0.000014729678,0.000004329283,0.00016262269],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99891895,0.00010443441,0.0002460821,0.00019122279,0.0003164568,0.0002228381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996207,0.00012212069,0.000085568085,0.000052699936,0.000037718302,0.00008119453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007275633,0.00009327957,0.00009188144,0.000042202766,0.0005945339,0.00025176065,0.00006838327,0.00007523112,0.000044017976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009129489,0.000074215386,0.0000074488853,0.000104914914,0.00026733326,0.00030202194,0.00002331076,0.00006352482,0.0000051779602],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027158232,0.00003233861,0.022123769,0.000020574302,0.000009745495,0.0000016413959,0.014773212,0.000016485503,0.0000014510607,0.8376507,0.0008267924,0.12451613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029109424,0.00002739453,0.022700334,0.000025706944,0.000002012784,0.0000023787757,0.014695128,0.00063433824,0.0002793605,0.0008328653,0.96036166,0.00014774938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011377748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007829189,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9595348,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013925764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042563042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45727345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2321524026","doi":"10.5195/jwsr.2016.642","title":"Introduction: Ireland in the World-System","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of World-Systems Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Business","score_opus":0.06654186332079529,"score_gpt":0.3917456541926585,"score_spread":0.32520379087186324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2321524026","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30983466,0.0055314484,0.0023918157,0.29669103,0.011300102,0.002472685,0.000014324928,0.000077859164,0.3716861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9497949,0.00029372174,0.000014299253,0.000028388982,0.00517545,0.000012163272,2.2957009e-7,0.000008303422,0.044672556],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99433833,0.0019110692,0.0005965293,0.00015422629,0.0025113057,0.0004885575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981241,0.00073791324,0.00027173595,0.00022673402,0.00052653026,0.0001129892],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.012243251,0.000080714686,0.00021904038,0.0005593079,0.00039396287,0.00023725106,0.0005965882,0.000053596283,0.00017450555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000581011,0.000040778792,0.00007555266,0.0022581297,0.0002342153,0.00050946727,0.00003438052,0.0003523159,0.00011618588],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024448454,0.00016605372,0.05596295,0.000066634086,0.000033257664,0.00017018135,0.004892756,0.000060378567,0.0002851511,0.3854836,0.54441106,0.00822348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005520461,0.00006848299,0.0061369454,0.0003427171,0.000004640782,0.000025096617,0.007410161,0.000012615749,0.000052648527,0.00028707902,0.9850401,0.00006741119],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00054765324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004739006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6399602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009084224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029348626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4243291},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2323780204","doi":"10.5509/2013864857","title":"Urban Development in a Decentralized Indonesia: Two Success Stories?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Development (topology); Environmental planning; Geography; Political science; Economic growth; Business; Economics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.013355931274767776,"score_gpt":0.26317787153262007,"score_spread":0.2498219402578523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2323780204","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4629151,0.00043251313,0.0022028156,0.0009867029,0.0009964652,0.0012732991,0.0000034476923,0.00020655029,0.5309831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99784464,0.00017875586,0.00033939778,0.000021417036,0.00007619029,0.000102454746,0.000010887487,0.000011819084,0.0014144221],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99821234,0.00012499587,0.00029086982,0.00026120633,0.0005663099,0.0005443053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948233,0.00005332525,0.000099850586,0.00014103268,0.00007293878,0.00015052299],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033147525,0.0001324375,0.00017633644,0.00006574431,0.0002578012,0.00013426047,0.00021637173,0.00009121078,0.00065335416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007877284,0.00012832956,0.00003478655,0.0005637279,0.00013132686,0.00051939004,0.00003343872,0.000096444004,0.00030439868],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028723767,0.0001978176,0.8564683,0.00001571339,0.000014888864,0.00001169924,0.068593904,0.000021348638,0.000066408036,0.054599196,0.010111643,0.0098703625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034551886,0.00004404639,0.22863398,0.00013074951,0.000016632057,0.0000012454954,0.3747851,0.0002160334,0.0010958496,0.0017844057,0.38883248,0.001004273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021435407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032325888,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6278343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048460555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023732429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.715377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327102222","doi":"10.5509/2013864715","title":"Introduction: Problematizing the Interplay between Decentralized Governance and the Urban in Asia","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Political science; Economic geography; Economic system; Geography; Sociology; Business; Economics","score_opus":0.007653841019016143,"score_gpt":0.24506480121978935,"score_spread":0.2374109602007732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2327102222","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.069778465,0.0036623334,0.0037803506,0.21863902,0.0016745861,0.0052256193,0.000014815706,0.00021385528,0.69701093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970537,0.00091466226,0.00007353902,0.000027759621,0.00038312664,0.000076402845,0.0000024260837,0.0000068769264,0.0014615488],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986547,0.00026103275,0.00023747848,0.00019911745,0.000351901,0.0002957193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994143,0.0001936709,0.00013514217,0.0001755055,0.000034151784,0.00004721605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007888733,0.00009552155,0.00015184488,0.000012305809,0.00034914137,0.0001936107,0.00020876729,0.000055208893,0.00028768874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002649904,0.000054026987,0.000036614987,0.00032112055,0.00050151424,0.00036886527,0.00004159213,0.00013359921,0.00006992977],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000614401,0.000042992142,0.08758172,0.000026414995,0.00003401048,0.0000012601209,0.09453101,0.000024016092,0.00002633742,0.72132593,0.080650106,0.015694752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029076494,0.00004494598,0.08101536,0.00015113624,0.000055080345,0.000003511025,0.4309811,0.0007493154,0.00018240331,0.030942937,0.4524899,0.00047664772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008608069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036668274,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9272752,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00012572903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003513585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.314999},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2329277722","doi":"10.1177/0160323x13480804","title":"The Politics of Intergovernmental Grants in Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"State and Local Government Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"École Nationale d'Administration Publique","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Public administration; Seniority; Distribution (mathematics); Political science; Work (physics); Federalism; Electoral geography; Law","score_opus":0.0071564060241092065,"score_gpt":0.23709645266985924,"score_spread":0.22994004664575002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2329277722","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8060641,0.11521864,0.00092292106,0.014728301,0.0007227207,0.003111667,0.00016554903,0.000015959973,0.05905014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8515814,0.14608087,0.000006326783,0.0010935823,0.000010363973,0.000018822026,8.679431e-7,0.0000037409677,0.0012040619],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99831873,0.000090275964,0.00032235714,0.000113917245,0.0008794961,0.00027520186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957234,0.000096325675,0.00012764867,0.000100336765,0.000020630714,0.00008269657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002614972,0.000082573664,0.0001679516,0.000002690443,0.00013228592,0.000020805184,0.00013485362,0.000015327094,0.00016802273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006762823,0.000056267985,0.00002699178,0.000112454996,0.00015757958,0.00012268248,0.0000494347,0.00005859228,0.000008001017],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024685054,0.00012537974,0.19951679,0.0010597525,0.0000500665,0.00001337734,0.0014910307,0.000012095887,0.000028783454,0.085033655,0.06178877,0.6508556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005078326,0.000070640956,0.08615353,0.001774854,0.000027997405,0.00000110567,0.009236281,0.0001894868,0.0002265617,0.0025132855,0.89901775,0.00028067103],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8373507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8622353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83722895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011946361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031140345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3123932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2338968161","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2436420","title":"Rebuilding Local Government Finance after Conflict: The Political Economy of Property Tax Reform in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sierra leone; Property tax; Tax reform; Politics; Government (linguistics); Property (philosophy); Political science; Political economy; Economics; Economic system; Market economy; Development economics","score_opus":0.00867514900169996,"score_gpt":0.24093754690422234,"score_spread":0.23226239790252237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2338968161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8073529,0.0032599098,0.007964283,0.06678795,0.00034257025,0.0013427065,0.000014232741,0.00003122583,0.1129042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941493,0.0016931933,0.000021422618,0.0013360766,0.00016779458,0.00003654471,8.566892e-7,0.000012079929,0.0025826793],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966834,0.00013012545,0.00043933548,0.00019161328,0.000566003,0.0019895008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993759,0.000045856905,0.0002128445,0.00016374767,0.00010969151,0.00009196668],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012149218,0.00013930966,0.0002039635,0.000027791595,0.00022194683,0.00008207992,0.0003466551,0.00010972226,0.00012872639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000086534375,0.00008313208,0.000095136915,0.00020324544,0.0003191755,0.00054347434,0.000048442675,0.00076223246,0.000025438037],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009023702,0.000096119635,0.0049637924,0.000006242095,0.00003176908,0.0000027603073,0.0016079094,0.000023780767,0.00008234312,0.9720813,0.00015296925,0.02086075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0041107656,0.0016658438,0.07620713,0.00035753535,0.00010471982,0.0001388879,0.19429144,0.0023295616,0.0027561153,0.38595966,0.33082,0.0012583229],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008182455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010803643,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5861217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005276967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00143095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2345174295","doi":"10.14288/1.0086661","title":"Access to information in Canada and the United States : a comparative case study","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Business","score_opus":0.021221869257465567,"score_gpt":0.2245528290990964,"score_spread":0.20333095984163085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2345174295","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99887156,0.000006957848,0.000108947854,0.00018019704,0.000026392898,0.00041769358,0.000025891655,0.0000059395097,0.0003564201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996519,0.00011161415,0.000006671317,0.00017502638,0.000002822723,6.354009e-7,0.0000057337934,7.918148e-7,0.00004480305],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994447,0.000097972734,0.000069703965,0.00006925229,0.00021922568,0.00009912082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970394,0.00005475273,0.00005498302,0.000050400733,0.00008704073,0.000048880473],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013790332,0.000015343665,0.00009605004,0.000020987289,0.00037780247,0.0000667072,0.000119168515,0.000013873356,0.000014509665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021294612,0.000038935286,0.000008603596,0.0004626187,0.0001614254,0.0005691568,0.000053336735,0.00003597269,8.511515e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040193667,0.00007146436,0.82024366,0.00000772869,0.000014068271,0.00065399444,0.14668562,0.00088384637,6.54895e-8,0.000009009282,0.0059343576,0.025456013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008263131,0.000014638333,0.7847695,0.000009005489,0.0000040555474,0.00001546367,0.21315502,0.00046679558,1.8364041e-8,0.000017699158,0.00068188016,0.000039618117],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.999982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0664694,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020121748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002747404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29057893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2348540965","doi":"10.1080/00220388.2016.1153073","title":"Rebuilding Local Government Finances After Conflict: Lessons from a Property Tax Reform Programme in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Development Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sierra leone; Politics; Transparency (behavior); Underpinning; Political science; Public administration; Property tax; Local government; Accountability; Enforcement; Economic growth; Tax reform; Development economics; Economics","score_opus":0.05666824464536393,"score_gpt":0.3134224853080755,"score_spread":0.2567542406627116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2348540965","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95375985,0.006214832,0.0019356993,0.035472337,0.0005058162,0.00047616853,0.000014258211,0.000019982477,0.001601049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825563,0.014005225,0.0005715907,0.00042173683,0.00012939116,0.000028797553,4.0003957e-7,0.000009909052,0.002276638],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997425,0.00015600708,0.0006415867,0.00015829451,0.0011583023,0.00046078017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891716,0.0001878724,0.00048500602,0.000117754484,0.0002145528,0.000077654615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016336301,0.00017407964,0.00033924315,0.000035650253,0.00035515078,0.000038863935,0.00033057702,0.00006574635,0.000046060788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035426745,0.00007347569,0.00006185975,0.00022955227,0.0003991464,0.00041933297,0.00013414996,0.00013481102,0.000012480973],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017463056,0.00046484984,0.056888238,0.000042554948,0.0006865344,0.000096437216,0.22488628,0.000022404196,0.0012077269,0.0021007077,0.0038486007,0.70800936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023206125,0.00031498377,0.27605549,0.0016426638,0.000095797484,0.0000075516855,0.10966678,0.000005927904,0.005504766,0.0006048261,0.6032869,0.0004936959],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00084249914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0065101357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70751566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018277848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036968826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47795936},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2350375893","doi":"","title":"Education Savings Plans in America and Canada:A Comparative Study","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Yangzhou University","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Cost sharing; Mechanism (biology); Higher education; Computer science; Actuarial science; Public economics; Business; Economic growth; Economics; Political science","score_opus":0.009227800232775791,"score_gpt":0.25601426731025606,"score_spread":0.24678646707748028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2350375893","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935783,0.000007895508,0.000036281603,0.00056279387,0.00020800301,0.000061706705,0.000002015009,0.0000015377436,0.0055414485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999442,0.000049170718,0.000067597684,0.000055378994,0.000042364183,2.3511284e-8,2.683023e-7,7.700251e-7,0.00034242525],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995606,0.000055457076,0.000072494615,0.00004320392,0.0002005933,0.00006763347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996862,0.00003297794,0.00012428721,0.00002698527,0.000071717885,0.000057836234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011088135,0.00002852068,0.00007863343,0.000040669343,0.00010974477,0.000011691933,0.00008323902,0.000018796098,0.000024937068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003198647,0.000028512348,0.000009604144,0.00012450093,0.00005093089,0.00021625397,0.000010843593,0.0001099794,3.80531e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057052013,0.0002766806,0.96124226,0.0000015199527,0.000009619839,0.000027154127,0.026443986,0.00001140151,0.000100701494,0.0029211491,0.0066340803,0.0022744208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030479333,0.000058445497,0.7367949,0.000007393773,0.000010833485,0.0000012784672,0.10132567,0.00000672824,0.000012116384,0.000050252675,0.1613827,0.00004487627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5226375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9522183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42958078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019952886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008467313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4805413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2356579859","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Decentralization, Local Governments′ Behavior and Regional Financial Development","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Xi'an Jiaotong Daxue xuebao","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"PricewaterhouseCoopers (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Financial system; Order (exchange); Business; Panel data; Finance; China; Economics; Economic system; Economic policy; Market economy; Political science","score_opus":0.020722863594224775,"score_gpt":0.28956713630885045,"score_spread":0.2688442727146257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2356579859","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89876026,0.00020444521,0.09175405,0.00052704633,0.00066296087,0.00074898306,0.000015806174,0.00015705056,0.0071694045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99429333,0.00016995743,0.0016692997,0.00097024953,0.00035450995,0.000036044145,0.00008122977,0.00002527723,0.0024001147],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971654,0.00008946536,0.00044416217,0.00045076807,0.0011378124,0.00071240024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99911845,0.00005881446,0.00015245144,0.00019009657,0.00008620775,0.00039398478],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00084558496,0.00021106897,0.00019531719,0.000056056553,0.0008074921,0.0001401269,0.0002491465,0.00023094108,0.00023930648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012595138,0.00022197548,0.000047527956,0.000318191,0.00037757822,0.000672975,0.000065861546,0.00013923051,0.00004602701],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026929312,0.000981445,0.58753735,0.00003580002,0.000031340085,0.0001238883,0.016805183,0.00006935073,0.00029496683,0.22266643,0.013596683,0.15758826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007157386,0.000059783946,0.4204639,0.00003443763,0.000027431257,0.000005579922,0.001578173,0.00007218522,0.0011130221,0.0004603204,0.57509255,0.00037687793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000574247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0045681186,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5614959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00064140814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003456792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90518975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2370403403","doi":"","title":"On Budget Transparency of Canadian Municipalities","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chuxiong Normal University","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Business; Accounting; Political science","score_opus":0.016558010577008408,"score_gpt":0.21983247055139682,"score_spread":0.20327445997438842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2370403403","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9368884,0.000016980212,0.00037801676,0.0018719635,0.00019396645,0.000030936237,0.00002172792,0.0000034265424,0.060594596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965336,0.00062506006,0.000027704142,0.00004941939,0.000038637583,1.0358493e-8,2.9254613e-7,0.0000016127007,0.0027236906],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993016,0.00007372598,0.00013089164,0.0000397252,0.00030873614,0.00014533482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944955,0.000066026034,0.0001631402,0.00005177825,0.00013014824,0.0001393452],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026568383,0.000038965543,0.000095169096,0.00020779988,0.00014583797,0.0000052337723,0.00018527689,0.000049567174,0.00032059435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007007895,0.000029923523,0.0000664269,0.00024618325,0.00011400525,0.0003983214,0.0000052665273,0.000046845656,0.0000037063112],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036944498,0.00013336088,0.122005045,0.000015446316,0.000062390995,0.00011009411,0.017874876,0.00016243698,0.00025149668,0.84520185,0.008006099,0.0058074766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00293424,0.00074016984,0.3167426,0.00047460033,0.00010161088,0.0000046497935,0.019879097,0.000007295188,0.002411994,0.0045607914,0.6518145,0.0003284189],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06624727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.112223715,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.840641,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000263378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035340636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9399707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2385249247","doi":"10.1093/publius/pjv037","title":"Secession Risk and Fiscal Federalism","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publius The Journal of Federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Secession; Federalism; Fiscal federalism; Political science; Political economy; Economics; Law; Politics; Decentralization","score_opus":0.029741393266418087,"score_gpt":0.290269295680313,"score_spread":0.2605279024138949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2385249247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93214357,0.0015867865,0.004144276,0.042105716,0.0014924733,0.00018026658,0.000005526479,0.00002784925,0.018313546],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994878,0.002032687,0.00015906586,0.0009828225,0.0006305676,7.8722496e-7,9.443774e-7,0.000007686361,0.0013074272],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980032,0.00050644856,0.00030559764,0.00007782232,0.0008613165,0.00024563607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988469,0.00013482076,0.0004345374,0.00009254131,0.00023819966,0.0002529996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026562333,0.000090028196,0.00015603063,0.000044896526,0.0007237503,0.00043463908,0.0002621085,0.00007727384,0.00003586821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007240086,0.000054391596,0.00005376511,0.00018217243,0.0001550367,0.00089381466,0.000053042222,0.00022989334,0.0000066620482],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005778368,0.00028795493,0.110722646,0.00001808781,0.000118812866,0.00004461179,0.10523819,0.00032340173,0.00012525698,0.062399503,0.6540047,0.06613903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019916252,0.0002376467,0.042317238,0.000066159286,0.00009867245,0.00008203646,0.013894943,0.0002704237,0.00015823802,0.042697765,0.8979149,0.0002703571],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014448524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005117314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.24391022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000119668905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017230735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.55665755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2400112095","doi":"10.1177/152397211501500101","title":"Breaking up is Hard to do: The Costs of De-Amalgamation of the Delatite Shire Council","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shire; Public administration; Decentralization; Grassroots; Government (linguistics); Local government; Political science; Consolidation (business); Economics; Law; Accounting; Politics; Geography","score_opus":0.06015911658061391,"score_gpt":0.2698797530212699,"score_spread":0.20972063644065597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2400112095","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8301533,0.00084127596,0.017522432,0.0401052,0.0007215858,0.0014500313,0.000019539837,0.000029783163,0.109156854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99583083,0.0008134021,0.00017606808,0.0010178821,0.000022605522,0.000022490392,6.4370874e-7,0.0000030395151,0.0021130305],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989095,0.00004248142,0.0001441066,0.00010693938,0.00063909014,0.00015788816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948007,0.000018264298,0.00012770976,0.00016788513,0.00017576574,0.000030286303],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010079192,0.00005081664,0.00007316215,0.000015594507,0.0001484387,0.000058275902,0.00021152143,0.000028123195,0.000009873781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011949529,0.00003338495,0.000025070947,0.00035697457,0.000092208764,0.00020653346,0.00009584521,0.000027479495,0.0000034176587],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001669049,0.00003398751,0.025506215,0.00003255054,0.000017698922,2.9198054e-7,0.020936394,0.00011684216,0.000006148322,0.81531954,0.054759875,0.08325377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003074881,0.000022752676,0.13617764,0.00009342418,0.000019613906,1.709551e-7,0.003985734,0.00032896848,0.000080626065,0.003318944,0.8555901,0.00007454574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007721342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00056862866,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8120006,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025490118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013269775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13613987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2427454334","doi":"","title":"Economic aspects of decentralized government: structure, functions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Unitary state; Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Economics; Government (linguistics); Property tax; International economics; Economic system; Public economics; Economic policy; Political science; Tax reform; Market economy","score_opus":0.009323321992509853,"score_gpt":0.2477569879234722,"score_spread":0.23843366593096235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2427454334","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46057585,0.00008055679,0.019353785,0.002443191,0.0010415622,0.0003167417,0.00017501543,0.00009437254,0.5159189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921482,0.00032456202,0.00007712103,0.000080142694,0.00006819309,0.0000019250701,0.0000013493176,0.0000046496334,0.0072938465],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991762,0.00003529998,0.0001543657,0.00012576696,0.00031500708,0.00019334021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999663,0.00005715483,0.00008818654,0.00010952005,0.000017127715,0.000065005486],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000086133834,0.00005690639,0.00009069407,0.000009645935,0.000102705366,0.000014729551,0.000103836384,0.000049132235,0.005985698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000064532505,0.00003837107,0.000043165088,0.000066356886,0.000112850765,0.00023106263,0.000015975807,0.000014693982,0.00008806348],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020715768,0.000021211123,0.027170405,0.0000018709028,0.000013176344,2.9676505e-7,0.00021299323,0.0000072213975,0.0018041194,0.9562966,0.0049985745,0.009452811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002113601,0.000089414054,0.053883396,0.000044747423,0.000043219283,6.41728e-7,0.0014032082,0.000032068285,0.046705227,0.04140945,0.85392654,0.00034850926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046520622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034393165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91488713,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034602426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009651486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99492294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2460333031","doi":"10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.06.009","title":"The impacts of intergovernmental grants on municipal infrastructure: Evidence from the Canada-Quebec infrastructure works 2000 program","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Evaluation and Program Planning","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Critical infrastructure; Public infrastructure; Business; Transportation infrastructure; Water infrastructure; Finance; Public administration; Environmental planning; Political science; Water supply; Transport engineering; Engineering; Geography","score_opus":0.03116798306639455,"score_gpt":0.3624651910394529,"score_spread":0.33129720797305834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2460333031","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932609,0.0016189965,0.000060963608,0.0031157278,0.00037159488,0.0010250148,0.000021067599,0.0000344133,0.00049130246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998818,0.00051963556,0.00012222958,0.00023358724,0.00013459843,0.00006527294,0.000011654507,0.000006500843,0.00008851872],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977022,0.00033612573,0.00023801289,0.00018454813,0.0012568871,0.0002822484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883026,0.00059810805,0.00023225632,0.00017322724,0.00008566126,0.00008046232],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00088851986,0.00012070101,0.0001062692,0.0000103278435,0.000557708,0.0001891625,0.00025666016,0.000080936625,0.00011740073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090113847,0.000058925045,0.000030712443,0.00018851658,0.0002646696,0.0002836239,0.000045363355,0.00012161256,0.0000010542029],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001413901,0.00001666948,0.10064691,0.0000024729495,0.00002470717,7.183733e-7,0.010170407,0.00012962434,0.000039912265,0.0002880424,0.0054578823,0.88308126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078565243,0.00022067428,0.88629764,0.0011327636,0.000058546913,6.6974815e-7,0.010733496,0.0025622188,0.00024113338,0.001036687,0.09674138,0.00018912954],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19363905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5557065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88289213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005396655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007259695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81173056},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2479098133","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-9601-3.ch001","title":"Decentralization in European and MENA Countries","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in electronic government, digital divide, and regional development book series","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Secession; Context (archaeology); Political science; Politics; Development economics; Economic system; Geography; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.012621981885967543,"score_gpt":0.23938768680641992,"score_spread":0.22676570492045237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2479098133","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011854299,0.09286099,0.00026579102,0.0008180756,0.00018127795,0.0006892107,0.0000527907,0.00006492997,0.9038815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09787405,0.5688045,0.000052707237,0.000566575,0.0001322299,0.000029709745,0.00017910948,0.00007083315,0.3322903],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969742,0.00004481995,0.00053045043,0.00054204854,0.0012603536,0.0006481456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992985,0.00007661651,0.00030637797,0.00011542064,0.00005814782,0.00014490605],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041514557,0.00038614633,0.00036848238,0.0000722063,0.0002216633,0.00022686084,0.00018289102,0.00016555822,0.000044292658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006972712,0.00038756026,0.0000344763,0.00007691627,0.00057124946,0.0031241183,0.00012888767,0.00021607404,0.00001399635],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013965576,0.000037781934,0.009719375,0.00007280607,0.000031354313,0.000024138631,0.0023984972,0.000021515996,5.2570886e-7,0.96623737,0.001289209,0.020027751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005095061,0.000069449576,0.0019097631,0.00038258795,0.000010486141,0.000005491861,0.00037734426,0.0000017450353,0.0000058587907,0.053021107,0.9432531,0.00045353847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013943042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027289616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9419639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016255875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00054719177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2482857114","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511626883.004","title":"The Decentralization of Government Authority","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Public administration; Government (linguistics); Political science; Law; Philosophy; Linguistics","score_opus":0.01929590668492364,"score_gpt":0.22392242999865902,"score_spread":0.20462652331373538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2482857114","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000056583154,0.00017182592,0.0010080736,0.00009948909,0.00025357888,0.00038506126,0.000115952054,0.000042023792,0.9978674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0050523547,0.0031703236,0.000022139426,0.00004047148,0.00010192875,2.536299e-7,0.000013715838,0.000011808095,0.991587],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829185,0.00007468165,0.00019915494,0.00023440029,0.0009396184,0.0002603218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990519,0.00008060794,0.0003667221,0.00027729073,0.00011898909,0.00010444332],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025123177,0.00016724179,0.0002000545,0.00001731393,0.0006074581,0.000048662016,0.00042338605,0.0002639038,0.0000055219343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042679465,0.00016215493,0.00013890605,0.000013961612,0.00038161495,0.000094233415,0.00008412713,0.0001542399,0.0000032807022],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005305341,0.000009768391,0.00001890741,0.000010915288,0.000028717684,0.000008337694,0.00017214684,0.0000038511816,0.000004431051,0.9620709,0.028048757,0.009570242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019796632,0.000029548877,0.000120653945,0.000067931745,0.00008894821,2.1513956e-7,0.0001673292,0.000021202019,0.00016421813,0.00013204143,0.998842,0.00016795329],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004104743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008955596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97079325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006576875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001447843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6612486},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2486502053","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781316415658.009","title":"Implications of “Democratization from Above”","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Democratization; Decentralization; Democracy; Political science; Local government; Democratic system; Government (linguistics); Political economy; Development economics; Public administration; Politics; Sociology; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.04326483997040566,"score_gpt":0.24729034900444197,"score_spread":0.20402550903403632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2486502053","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007505705,0.00013107716,0.004000666,0.00007552338,0.00014890594,0.0002960561,0.00063452264,0.00005820397,0.99458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0065540154,0.00042777916,0.000077455115,0.000040190018,0.00013791355,4.200455e-7,0.0002008614,0.000015756706,0.9925456],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99901545,0.00003901726,0.00016320599,0.00024660854,0.00038989246,0.00014584715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989275,0.00004732164,0.00031239074,0.00027554642,0.000318906,0.00011835626],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000095832016,0.00013579612,0.00021198764,0.000052172516,0.00018778165,0.00002264331,0.00031326397,0.00028764812,0.000026205404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002780309,0.00017016551,0.00008426449,0.000015094898,0.00025778345,0.00012588885,0.00008513788,0.00010833883,0.000011033188],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001764023,0.0000074354944,0.00003722126,0.0000066666944,0.000027820592,0.0000027042768,0.00027856603,0.0000058277133,0.000017687145,0.92357856,0.07478159,0.0012382636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022800708,0.000013677373,0.0001535163,0.000055226265,0.000103777726,8.928071e-8,0.00012478422,0.00001278131,0.00007409686,0.00085325976,0.9982092,0.00017163203],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018149262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008412152,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9234276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035262044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030875194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69391483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2487881165","doi":"10.1002/9781118454343.ch1","title":"Property Tax","year":2012,"lang":"ca","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Property (philosophy); Law and economics; Public economics; Economics; Ad valorem tax; Politics; Indirect tax; Business; Tax revenue; Tax reform; Variety (cybernetics); Political science; Law; Computer science","score_opus":0.02098003114619965,"score_gpt":0.26740458222398206,"score_spread":0.2464245510777824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2487881165","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000007321985,0.00071028294,0.0011459939,0.001067648,0.0015050542,0.00044713798,0.000011973858,0.000072755705,0.99503183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0076027247,0.0025461263,0.00013618014,0.00072404987,0.0016391135,0.000011538241,0.0000128289485,0.000074891526,0.98725253],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982419,0.000094070645,0.00019249995,0.00027161138,0.0006718831,0.00052800967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994094,0.00001511713,0.00017676297,0.0002036794,0.00003268461,0.00016237912],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022316439,0.00020751367,0.00022573564,0.000029710935,0.00018381525,0.00007974459,0.00025053142,0.00041289252,0.1984815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043765456,0.00012214608,0.000094070434,0.00024343235,0.00017985576,0.00018283476,0.000050869654,0.000110062385,0.016644703],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004942862,0.00011613516,0.0033249536,0.000027986393,0.000022738526,0.0000011542946,0.0010555979,4.1540275e-7,0.0000040129926,0.07783704,0.8899754,0.027629597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012431467,0.000019986684,0.00046606822,0.00006331025,0.000034966113,1.84267e-7,0.00035317233,0.000011826565,0.000023655897,0.0001785989,0.99845916,0.00026473912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0039160913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015823939,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1818368,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018029867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014183491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98412097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2499235693","doi":"10.1057/9780230369016_4","title":"Networked Tools: How Does the OECD Do Its Governance Work?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Human resources; Negotiation; Government (linguistics); Human resource management; Political science; Work (physics); Corporate governance; Public administration; Business; Public relations; Public sector; Engineering; Finance","score_opus":0.03129772217135177,"score_gpt":0.24674093029110253,"score_spread":0.21544320811975076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2499235693","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009412269,0.008531645,0.00011291876,0.0011442014,0.0016809083,0.00095241517,0.00011627802,0.00012235301,0.98724514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88058543,0.0064249015,0.000028441567,0.00055586954,0.0024429066,0.000040295527,0.000026902218,0.00007019017,0.10982508],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967475,0.00012040805,0.00037241032,0.0005272521,0.001344846,0.00088758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99814075,0.00026654828,0.0006140058,0.0006261481,0.00012396745,0.00022857988],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000608532,0.00050748937,0.0004684548,0.00003078893,0.00070729974,0.00045241037,0.0008277638,0.0005585285,0.0016466966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009386935,0.0003279363,0.0003074385,0.00004143372,0.00046470235,0.000006843199,0.00018566426,0.00041944536,0.0005054019],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031221127,5.124702e-7,0.00044127274,0.000015719435,0.000059678514,0.000009377829,0.0014833161,0.0000021054082,0.0000025666598,0.904076,0.00092091504,0.09295734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023908907,0.000022291526,0.0010502597,0.00021139158,0.00011018689,0.0000012875498,0.00018774002,0.0000043020877,0.000034810357,0.34193224,0.6555795,0.0006269361],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009571605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008119396,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8804913,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032861406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015299176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2505383806","doi":"10.5539/mas.v10n9p46","title":"Analysis of the Performance of Municipalities in Terms of Urban Good Governance in Shahrekords","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Applied Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Accountability; Corporate governance; Business; Good governance; Population; Environmental economics; Descriptive research; Environmental planning; Political science; Economics; Computer science; Sociology; Geography; Computer security; Finance","score_opus":0.012213485768526787,"score_gpt":0.2500473877318986,"score_spread":0.2378339019633718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2505383806","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820336,0.00002271991,0.00037584797,0.00009187913,0.000034543147,0.00012809227,0.000012661168,0.0000031840189,0.017297436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994902,0.00014321355,0.00003025056,0.000020303067,0.000004791535,0.00000723511,1.6536535e-7,0.000002137546,0.00030172887],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983697,0.00003055919,0.00032269195,0.00018634844,0.00085381407,0.00023689936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993335,0.000058145662,0.0002735236,0.00027758416,0.000033896387,0.000023334194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009094204,0.000059722297,0.00020604861,0.00010202951,0.000067642926,0.0000069973094,0.000684136,0.00003727545,0.000023713532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007963897,0.000037443395,0.000044699245,0.0024610707,0.0012140849,0.0002401878,0.000095662785,0.000036323225,4.4841036e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001840858,0.00005694274,0.8372746,0.000010854626,0.0000050733274,5.6213874e-8,0.011229441,0.0010337202,0.028581306,0.1185698,0.0000023138707,0.0032174867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002823369,0.000017337521,0.95063424,0.0000890825,0.00001773647,1.48566155e-8,0.00058562343,0.018229235,0.02816821,0.001798729,0.0000941987,0.00008325729],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014738587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00489964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11677107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016106626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013813259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.44733468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2505812163","doi":"10.4018/978-1-60566-134-6.ch010","title":"Marketing Your City's Industries to the World","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"IGI Global eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Prosperity; Information and Communications Technology; Globalization; Order (exchange); Business; ICTS; Marketing; Position (finance); Economic growth; Economics; Market economy; Political science; Finance","score_opus":0.03510913685066984,"score_gpt":0.2885283282327869,"score_spread":0.25341919138211705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2505812163","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00011220219,0.00015376862,0.0000552167,0.0031033591,0.00045361853,0.0004467171,0.00004923345,0.000089350346,0.9955365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06387341,0.000025335648,0.00005044712,0.003894217,0.0010632144,0.0000073986052,0.0000025830145,0.000015158459,0.93106824],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981406,0.00005996581,0.00025405703,0.0003040572,0.0008434426,0.00039790885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927694,0.00005983299,0.00017440134,0.00025431946,0.00008710578,0.00014742235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052327407,0.00022423865,0.0002183924,0.000032166736,0.00050349213,0.00022541198,0.00043558446,0.00027817994,0.00021163884],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018218525,0.00018239222,0.00009906367,0.00008030595,0.00013156825,0.000056174187,0.000089547946,0.00023743251,0.00018257427],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025897276,0.000003089525,0.00017096392,0.00000196305,0.000011691268,0.0000079227375,0.00027314737,0.0000034900793,1.6435446e-7,0.86628854,0.0727919,0.060421262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006959709,0.000017214055,0.0005079352,0.00014602386,0.000027347669,5.738544e-7,0.00013284721,6.260881e-7,0.0000047053513,0.06425083,0.9346265,0.00021580326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00049008825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008845672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8618346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005207431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031075152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.74377394},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2512315994","doi":"10.1177/1091142116666316","title":"The Incentive Effects of Equalization Grants on Tax Policy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Incentive; Economics; Tax incentive; Equalization (audio); Public economics; Personal income; Panel data; Macroeconomics; Microeconomics; Econometrics","score_opus":0.017280344243681005,"score_gpt":0.3176291918596273,"score_spread":0.30034884761594627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2512315994","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.02778918,0.39236075,0.037239064,0.42577174,0.0035304113,0.009370699,0.00010322488,0.00033860054,0.10349633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.42929643,0.5678021,0.00001055209,0.0009633487,0.00008668159,0.000057537658,0.0000015690323,0.0000058675078,0.0017759482],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99852747,0.00027319216,0.00025607602,0.0001555708,0.00048583676,0.00030187913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990152,0.00030155558,0.0002944394,0.00021522869,0.00013400511,0.000039567087],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070429407,0.000083889565,0.00017867038,0.000025991592,0.00029140484,0.000028416645,0.0002684936,0.000043584434,0.00002055893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0038610983,0.00004460622,0.00006972647,0.0007418485,0.00020409757,0.0002937976,0.000028764547,0.000031430336,0.000060451213],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026392506,0.000028254317,0.0005175359,0.0001734289,0.0000034512125,2.6166018e-7,0.00008915163,6.778954e-8,0.000011720849,0.6689984,0.00637063,0.32380444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019124975,0.00003890868,0.0041839327,0.0029579066,0.000008307913,7.0243196e-8,0.000008582531,0.0000012442628,0.00028610794,0.004327931,0.987917,0.00007872583],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00018480742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000113017864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9815464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018317024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023454858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46223742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2514206120","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Decentralization, Economic Freedom, and Political and Civil Liberties in the Americas","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Civil liberties; Politics; Accountability; Political science; Development economics; Economics; Economic system; Political economy; Law","score_opus":0.030069052062012117,"score_gpt":0.33293309534152804,"score_spread":0.30286404327951594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2514206120","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83398104,0.00047757852,0.00003867468,0.014125094,0.00043188743,0.0010381028,0.00007155119,0.000029170667,0.14980687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97041637,0.028416699,0.00003597959,0.0002404612,0.00026954044,0.00007089004,0.000011223735,0.000016966795,0.0005218941],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99758023,0.00051548186,0.00038342955,0.0005074143,0.0002490104,0.0007644338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987419,0.0006820689,0.00009445885,0.00029695747,0.00002650687,0.00015808814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014711514,0.00016098512,0.0002725012,0.00013597253,0.00022795728,0.00028729494,0.00037236893,0.000273273,0.00006608726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048357787,0.0001301863,0.00004249584,0.00007291233,0.0012314309,0.00018253108,0.00036805437,0.00041400967,0.0000047053068],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000084984065,0.0001140689,0.47449127,0.000074940646,0.000029672465,0.00001527485,0.009883388,0.00046226504,0.0000043042273,0.4629011,0.0007076958,0.05123106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022276042,0.00018516814,0.43622187,0.0006065826,0.000027284173,0.000011278511,0.020004887,0.0077934577,0.000035216217,0.17663077,0.35500938,0.0012465005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016260844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011621698,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3543017,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00091603165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040804732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64851797},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2525117583","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v9n8p1","title":"Legal Analysis of the Role of Islamic Urban and Rural Councils in Administrative Decentralization and Local Democracy in Iran","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Politics and Law","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Independence (probability theory); Public administration; Democracy; Political science; Islam; Law; Geography; Politics","score_opus":0.012274065985703981,"score_gpt":0.27427140511554493,"score_spread":0.26199733912984097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2525117583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99773324,0.00026992324,0.00025143474,0.00048549357,0.000022332802,0.000042682586,0.000014333508,4.356493e-7,0.001180112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99924046,0.00065047975,0.000011886333,0.000052244202,0.000015092417,1.4041387e-7,2.9947313e-7,0.0000014797977,0.000027939737],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992558,0.00007681801,0.0002746071,0.000042722644,0.00024002095,0.00011003377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958766,0.00007315777,0.00020734026,0.00003134779,0.00006613069,0.000034348483],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002854084,0.000040887542,0.00015786444,0.000048099857,0.000044601078,0.000016065705,0.000044812652,0.000039302882,0.0000064860715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006341191,0.00002491644,0.00002867081,0.00019946597,0.0003309684,0.00018662981,0.000008896357,0.00003520077,1.8172413e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014296112,0.000026827931,0.40070868,0.0000040219675,0.000019437308,8.1890994e-7,0.0031624937,0.000014882008,0.00024607664,0.5954294,0.000007485032,0.00036558294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011587358,0.00014396326,0.9158145,0.00020100866,0.00020073101,0.0000029314795,0.009787036,0.0010101947,0.002100467,0.066864975,0.002614256,0.00010115184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024098917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011247902,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52856445,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007430653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008434426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6276594},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558377847","doi":"10.1080/03003930.2016.1263189","title":"The use of intergovernmental grants to municipalities for electoral purposes by subnational governments","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Local Government Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Scrutiny; Politics; Public administration; Opposition (politics); Transparency (behavior); Local government; Political science; Agency (philosophy); Electoral geography; Population; Public economics; Economics; Sociology","score_opus":0.09505591821185574,"score_gpt":0.3463228871560316,"score_spread":0.2512669689441759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2558377847","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88496435,0.002720904,0.07492133,0.022971917,0.0029481074,0.0040206984,0.004459979,0.00015099772,0.0028416973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97689,0.0021063671,0.00019728983,0.0006996312,0.00010469755,0.00022432553,0.000004467482,0.000020041132,0.01975315],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99634826,0.00011908783,0.00045997553,0.0003037411,0.00223431,0.0005346243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99797827,0.0013231495,0.0002568913,0.00020300502,0.00012728569,0.00011138184],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004292674,0.0002041553,0.0002713983,0.0000104951705,0.0007048764,0.00006651338,0.00034391528,0.000063263535,0.00003194122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012502471,0.00012413807,0.00012825639,0.00015297096,0.00067313225,0.000429811,0.00018815513,0.000039724087,0.000010017254],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023529353,0.00065737765,0.11191819,0.00007289544,0.0009762517,0.0000023005039,0.010058239,0.000063660154,0.0045638247,0.28293562,0.47845855,0.10794016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012940977,0.0004304921,0.0060203513,0.00015993076,0.00005843521,2.4040702e-7,0.015924884,0.000040000217,0.011412416,0.0011554213,0.963171,0.0003327029],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004807386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028670623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48471248,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0020979757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000053216743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5486133},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2567953573","doi":"","title":"On the ‘residuum of powers’ in the great Anglo-American Federations: a neo-Bagehotian-Coasean gloss","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Swinburne Research Bank (Swinburne University of Technology)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Coase theorem; Federalism; Separation of powers; Constitution; Presumption; Economics; Law and economics; Transaction cost; Veto; Political science; Law; Microeconomics; Politics","score_opus":0.03602650975619867,"score_gpt":0.3118888713284795,"score_spread":0.27586236157228083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2567953573","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8763184,0.00016502752,0.0006369276,0.09484407,0.00005175401,0.0008433474,0.000031907417,0.000069679314,0.027038863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99662304,0.0011011173,0.00009344123,0.00011005818,0.000026574695,0.0000030506042,0.0000022298905,0.0000079943,0.002032498],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969217,0.00059661304,0.00023399333,0.00034372302,0.0012708288,0.0006331387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978757,0.0009073085,0.0001879904,0.00064137403,0.0003246556,0.0000629774],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023711459,0.00013759818,0.00025839344,0.00052835833,0.0008512729,0.000037095873,0.001473475,0.00018683387,0.00041459524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016707005,0.000086290216,0.00011269117,0.0029714408,0.0038401803,0.0002586925,0.00020716601,0.0004013795,0.000034327593],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004391441,0.000758843,0.054844383,0.000022558504,0.00009691725,0.00014145389,0.0095861405,0.000015515392,0.0033688524,0.8279131,0.067151584,0.035661496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0061298828,0.0038651326,0.080927126,0.001343089,0.000104615836,0.000010804352,0.296195,0.00010773479,0.023777118,0.1705923,0.41588455,0.0010626563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005867097,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007079745,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6573208,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036419983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034586462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988708},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2569966470","doi":"","title":"A role of stock information in local governments","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Accounting","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Stock (firearms); Geography","score_opus":0.013352902788938912,"score_gpt":0.23939594866024702,"score_spread":0.2260430458713081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2569966470","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8849528,0.000020097179,0.0019235873,0.000016851853,0.00005801452,0.00010280604,0.0000015242089,0.000013119847,0.11291124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99971014,0.000020643665,0.0001301996,0.00008353906,0.000015924114,0.0000033619467,0.0000014142873,0.0000017320007,0.0000330681],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933785,0.000015677404,0.00016123896,0.000043359483,0.00031099582,0.00013088761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997869,0.000011494485,0.00011519625,0.000046469355,0.000028573591,0.000011342112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024240804,0.000032210144,0.000052566,0.00002310046,0.000049330756,0.000013048467,0.00008534836,0.00004016049,0.00010212175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000082664155,0.000033476477,0.000014082985,0.00016907704,0.00003989144,0.0010094675,0.00002149826,0.000031073425,0.000025274263],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024184908,0.000059694477,0.82347214,0.00001105725,0.0000037340315,3.400892e-7,0.03677653,0.000032234962,0.000118589414,0.06059902,0.00014260283,0.07875989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00074178755,0.000043409287,0.884695,0.00009957651,0.000010287391,2.1337412e-7,0.053282358,0.0029077178,0.0036716184,0.009476152,0.04483829,0.00023360799],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057089054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00083696266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.11475736,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010585443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035853926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8630195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2578758810","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-50100-0_1","title":"The State, Decentralization and Entitlement, and the Organization of Cities","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Entitlement (fair division); Decentralization; State (computer science); Law and economics; Deliberation; Government (linguistics); Business; Antithesis; Market economy; Political science; Economics; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.01189097056788535,"score_gpt":0.24579595211551622,"score_spread":0.23390498154763087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2578758810","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000651627,0.0017132666,0.0026914442,0.0019563073,0.00032050605,0.00070359104,0.0000246413,0.000026977326,0.99191165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07124957,0.10024598,0.000014152457,0.00011490424,0.00007271512,0.0000024636727,0.00002300224,0.000015399819,0.8282618],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992949,0.000030269608,0.00016528174,0.000103880215,0.00030407548,0.00010163446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99933076,0.000097914555,0.00028109938,0.00013366499,0.00013293276,0.000023645287],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034026816,0.000080927166,0.00011438465,0.000012410515,0.00081233017,0.00021191926,0.00012641987,0.00007103087,0.00021464757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00015355561,0.000045729674,0.000016851189,0.000014323979,0.0008839076,0.00012593747,0.00005490243,0.000039967425,0.0000032452158],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007061544,0.0000015160052,0.0012839133,0.000009091288,0.000016867953,1.0755314e-7,0.002079937,7.227414e-7,7.686356e-7,0.99006325,0.0026689027,0.0038678613],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005796269,0.000013106116,0.0012368412,0.00006759265,0.00006839054,3.194872e-7,0.00077839004,0.000031286007,0.00006590617,0.14648366,0.8505346,0.00014027784],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057387684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022447365,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8478657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003030729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006688202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6247869},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2582637532","doi":"10.55016/ojs/sppp.v9i1.42613","title":"Municipal Revenue Generation and Sprawl: Implications for the Calgary and Edmonton Metropolitan Regions Derived from an Extension of “Causes of Sprawl” (Technical Paper)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The School of Public Policy Publications","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Urban sprawl; Metropolitan area; Extension (predicate logic); Revenue; Geography; Regional science; Economic geography; Environmental planning; Transport engineering; Business; Land use; Computer science; Engineering; Finance; Civil engineering; Archaeology","score_opus":0.07901277080483966,"score_gpt":0.36146344709273653,"score_spread":0.2824506762878969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2582637532","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64244366,0.0014162668,0.031422213,0.32111633,0.00006896971,0.0013493394,0.0008533516,0.00006257429,0.0012672937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950407,0.0030326599,0.00087296625,0.00038819533,0.00023347944,0.00014969578,0.000041436386,0.000012085506,0.00022877734],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985308,0.0002983632,0.00044168285,0.00023777243,0.00024567486,0.00024569297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974163,0.00077367,0.00043189625,0.0007511106,0.00045898263,0.00016804099],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009825854,0.00010328007,0.00019332253,0.00012715244,0.0005695071,0.00006837811,0.0004513271,0.00011388288,0.00002695277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004601949,0.00006194233,0.000068926034,0.00060010876,0.0009599978,0.00083115586,0.00009890529,0.00006678385,6.7301795e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010004166,0.000110048946,0.0128959445,0.000004699631,0.0000356192,6.3733574e-9,0.0005910948,8.629898e-7,0.07890408,0.8988179,0.0029730834,0.0056566377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042208342,0.00007747765,0.9276798,0.000024427763,0.000103124155,9.623454e-7,0.0009679934,0.00006680341,0.0011667947,0.043650735,0.025729578,0.000110217945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015803056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0144545315,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91478384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014715329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041717317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907508},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2585728951","doi":"10.29173/cais25","title":"Information and Institutions: The Relationship Between the Executive and Legislature in Botswana","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of CAIS / Actes du congrès annuel de l ACSI","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Status quo; Parliament; Argument (complex analysis); Political science; Public administration; Quality (philosophy); Power (physics); Public relations; Law and economics; Politics; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.03535278201548578,"score_gpt":0.27472599058849706,"score_spread":0.23937320857301128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2585728951","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.972145,0.00015752004,0.000033742577,0.012541851,0.000040631196,0.0004963084,0.000025993982,0.00001002192,0.014548936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992305,0.00027736617,0.000031131975,0.0002430621,0.00003838306,0.000026220898,0.0000020935267,0.0000026789567,0.00014854732],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99911207,0.00003554731,0.00026246486,0.000084236875,0.00032696515,0.00017871449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994337,0.00031952944,0.0003697681,0.00007526294,0.0048537306,0.000044703844],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006119735,0.00009090989,0.00013400431,0.00004678225,0.00037903409,0.0013885236,0.00043591476,0.00010610556,0.000004658296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.013793283,0.00005143397,0.000029335939,0.0003777958,0.0007965033,0.0105423145,0.00014685687,0.00019361837,0.0000012250009],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007740157,0.0000072538824,0.73072654,0.000021725356,0.0000065148847,1.609047e-8,0.07718984,0.0000013049132,0.000017039329,0.18902066,0.0011346814,0.0018667129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016918824,0.000025542733,0.92117965,0.00009119179,0.000018908266,8.07202e-7,0.018151797,0.000035865087,0.0001050812,0.02062136,0.0395321,0.00006850765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019066859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017878444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.19045314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000044377062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016943873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99964815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2586225222","doi":"10.1177/1078087416689824","title":"Looking at Regional Governance Institutions in Other Countries as a Possible Model for U.S. Metropolitan Areas: An Examination of Multipurpose Regional Service Delivery Districts in British Columbia","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urban Affairs Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Corporate governance; Institutionalisation; Public administration; Transaction cost; Polycentricity; Local government; Service delivery framework; Institution; Regional science; Regional planning; Service (business); Economic growth; Business; Political science; Urban planning; Economics; Geography; Economy; Finance","score_opus":0.05110841092545832,"score_gpt":0.31258678156189845,"score_spread":0.26147837063644014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2586225222","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8910813,0.07605109,0.0018409019,0.0043285834,0.00028163413,0.004685721,0.00070887106,0.00008073244,0.020941213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95487314,0.042753015,0.00025729582,0.0005698215,0.00004714519,0.00010677003,0.000057327412,0.000011771204,0.0013237367],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984207,0.0001043715,0.00039150228,0.00029260595,0.00051989034,0.00027092392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891865,0.00005868497,0.0004686945,0.00026613224,0.00021325261,0.000074604985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058438315,0.000095572614,0.00029229445,0.000024634217,0.0004898474,0.00016525875,0.0003590379,0.00009515795,0.00005819172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004325519,0.00013708395,0.000069887836,0.00025522892,0.00025567712,0.0010080958,0.000048672966,0.00006283393,0.0000048519673],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012825135,0.001315749,0.56207806,0.004301927,0.000051579165,0.000038752107,0.007196493,0.00058616925,0.000027146967,0.36507115,0.03169762,0.027507085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0036611767,0.00015381242,0.5967016,0.022709576,0.00013799855,0.000011966173,0.003580534,0.02150915,0.000021107915,0.004619372,0.34583598,0.0010576855],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09186902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.77408826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68221927,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012183788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003921168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9141783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2594500139","doi":"10.1177/138826270400600402","title":"Articles Originally Presented at the Eiss Conference on <i>Federalism and Subsidiarity in Social Security</i> in Rome, September 2004: Old-Age Benefits and Decentralisation: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Social Security","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Subsidiarity; Federalism; Equity (law); Social security; Public administration; Fiscal federalism; Political science; Intergenerational equity; Economics; European union; Law; Economic policy","score_opus":0.04575556527601712,"score_gpt":0.3086111502038605,"score_spread":0.2628555849278434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2594500139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98205465,0.00047629475,0.000005590557,0.009377832,0.00008591515,0.00031463412,0.000018637176,0.0000066892467,0.0076597556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989078,0.00045508286,0.000005468499,0.0003549767,0.00023387332,0.0000021024748,0.000001718136,0.000008110486,0.00003083995],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99709356,0.001441309,0.00042711914,0.00020701677,0.0005027078,0.0003282617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992683,0.00013249894,0.00030001896,0.000059145557,0.00015522233,0.00008482783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016760324,0.00015084728,0.00026807826,0.000051685896,0.00074746856,0.00021154618,0.00017228625,0.000061664985,0.000037578284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011876088,0.000113606635,0.0000557188,0.0004166565,0.0005921342,0.0003836169,0.000069052614,0.00047488886,0.000003435469],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035913117,0.00037126883,0.039291047,0.000009982796,0.000025232248,0.001310468,0.6761021,0.00015846976,0.00002556688,0.2810739,0.001031528,0.00024132188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006253182,0.00024205212,0.78941417,0.00020862088,0.000047792182,0.00012838865,0.15460183,0.00008204004,0.00019191149,0.040617436,0.0077563617,0.00045620222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033831852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09371402,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75012314,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059648464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012493074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9228233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2595884463","doi":"10.7202/1038830ar","title":"Implementing Public Policies with User Fees that Align with Partisan Ideology: A Canadian Example","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue Gouvernance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Government (linguistics); Politics; Public relations; Public administration; Public finance; Business; Public economics; Political science; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.05338382037218022,"score_gpt":0.28644291009479234,"score_spread":0.2330590897226121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2595884463","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92939854,0.00019264012,0.0011799759,0.014604105,0.00022772305,0.0004771823,0.00004137059,0.00007641319,0.053802036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99345493,0.00036348996,0.0002982346,0.00047871144,0.00018858026,0.000048318692,0.000006025714,0.000016216101,0.005145485],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99829113,0.000053790303,0.00013141369,0.00028504804,0.00034337037,0.0008952455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889576,0.000029430306,0.0003477518,0.0004272076,0.000078254605,0.00022159296],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035609756,0.00013019101,0.00017350081,0.000032554693,0.002230639,0.000441373,0.0004931478,0.00006992643,0.00014202845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011256778,0.00010903528,0.000028112652,0.00013161871,0.00035507837,0.0008876613,0.000058104753,0.00007671525,0.000019615292],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006871941,0.000010256569,0.8985771,0.000007741961,0.000015459798,0.000018487865,0.0025847026,0.0000050539234,0.0000024285,0.09266835,0.004283047,0.0018205041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002298318,0.000033367534,0.38456675,0.000065790926,0.000011307449,0.0000025986308,0.00087689585,0.000008100432,0.00008261535,0.0002817909,0.6136858,0.00015513874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7080181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.984673,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6094028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033912636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005241088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2600249325","doi":"","title":"Financial Innovation in Local Governments as a Response to the Deterioration of Their Risk Profile and Legislative Changes: The Case of Poland","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The innovation journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Austerity; Economic policy; European union; Local government; Economics; Financial crisis; Debt; Public sector; Finance; Business; Economy; Macroeconomics; Political science","score_opus":0.019091310511219164,"score_gpt":0.28683570263472336,"score_spread":0.2677443921235042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2600249325","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641921,0.000023911738,0.026495192,0.008389915,0.00014268496,0.00040594663,0.000036975936,0.000003285933,0.00030997003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990812,0.00006727685,0.000032718668,0.00041098634,0.00012550544,0.000015556841,0.0000010663446,0.000004711339,0.00026099855],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841636,0.00050993834,0.00044170563,0.000098082855,0.0003847328,0.00014914823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853003,0.00026785219,0.0006898484,0.00011549945,0.000382068,0.000014719356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037809778,0.0000760004,0.00009929141,0.000106988045,0.00042739883,0.000045718843,0.00014010104,0.00005652962,0.000031462405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010100079,0.000033731787,0.000015602347,0.0016136703,0.00022531771,0.00025095415,0.00003419724,0.00011741248,0.0000023542498],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004334376,0.00017848349,0.054404397,0.0000144851765,0.00005323271,0.000029009818,0.13678426,0.00010399221,0.035272174,0.122692,0.0035041047,0.6426295],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006658078,0.0022638822,0.67100185,0.00067208905,0.00007843646,0.00028965698,0.07997756,0.0013043041,0.018295145,0.053834554,0.1649843,0.0006401299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052300806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004389511,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64198935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017271648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024242628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32872495},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2604522340","doi":"10.1017/s0008423915000220","title":"Local Government Structure and the Co-ordination of Economic Development Policy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Political Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Ordination; Hierarchy; Agency (philosophy); Government (linguistics); Control (management); Public economics; Public administration; Local government; Business; Economics; Economic system; Political science; Sociology; Management; Market economy; Social science; Computer science","score_opus":0.015691675201420004,"score_gpt":0.28680935887791414,"score_spread":0.27111768367649414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2604522340","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96886057,0.00009745974,0.0029368529,0.011232351,0.0003497475,0.0001276918,0.000018887362,0.0000019582683,0.016374491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99934214,0.0000051042466,0.00012780134,0.00034252476,0.0001115221,2.7641306e-7,1.5987422e-7,0.000001614574,0.0000688649],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.998681,0.00005427667,0.00021592977,0.000069204376,0.0005944324,0.00038516076],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869597,0.000052344105,0.00012002164,0.000050443567,0.000116613344,0.0009646172],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013371599,0.000044511035,0.00009838755,0.000053419048,0.00024555903,0.00007398687,0.00025449664,0.000031000083,0.000030568965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008399843,0.000030401377,0.00001830747,0.00016655905,0.0024165777,0.00026288917,0.00001264496,0.00005887496,0.000001927009],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000071922427,0.000002129669,0.0067556333,0.000001205054,0.0000020899413,0.0000013494011,0.0024368148,0.00004175422,0.000006262335,0.9879756,0.00021239399,0.002557585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0042480472,0.0002962092,0.61366177,0.00011805763,0.000048365215,0.00007231593,0.039341714,0.001217955,0.012554143,0.19798748,0.12996319,0.0004907686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.045322943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04105779,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7899881,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026380073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009656065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99595827},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2606741932","doi":"10.1002/jid.3352","title":"Tax Revenue Mobilization in Conflict‐affected Developing Countries","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mobilization; Tax revenue; Revenue; Economics; State (computer science); Public economics; Tax reform; Tax administration; Political science; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.020469416055235175,"score_gpt":0.3181912490657996,"score_spread":0.29772183301056443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2606741932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95307946,0.0001419498,0.03244924,0.0041342718,0.002703377,0.00020239041,0.000006552753,0.000013192491,0.007269561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99073833,0.0010818325,0.0048572286,0.0007495083,0.00047402782,0.0000041890944,0.000005932802,0.000006726725,0.0020822252],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985564,0.00006079954,0.0004535287,0.00008292803,0.00070319016,0.00014315343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99889076,0.000041361214,0.00033942575,0.000034445227,0.0006519045,0.000042089097],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006672869,0.00006477366,0.00010872531,0.0001447253,0.000122029036,0.00006526648,0.00021006078,0.000055300945,0.00018253051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038056084,0.000060962997,0.000024198276,0.00022558156,0.000083349514,0.00036879684,0.000024911216,0.00006437813,0.000032338285],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040695802,0.00038028276,0.68634695,0.000045259192,0.00022049515,0.000091571994,0.083832614,0.00027750892,0.0010146714,0.14234571,0.054168276,0.030869694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040428335,0.000026368625,0.18575795,0.00019873615,0.000002580592,0.000004327245,0.00059129484,0.000034947905,0.0023904333,0.00036730562,0.81013334,0.00008842704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008724404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015648354,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.75596505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008034509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068379426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24859989},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2611761084","doi":"","title":"Accommodative Capacity of Multinational States","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Multinational corporation; Business; Political science","score_opus":0.03552244583108212,"score_gpt":0.37201318185060417,"score_spread":0.33649073601952206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2611761084","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84539855,0.00021816537,0.0002552335,0.00023154577,0.0006149419,0.00026095225,0.000029462566,0.000032125918,0.15295902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9661635,0.0002679194,0.00021066818,0.000025411535,0.0001460676,0.000011833595,0.00058967434,0.000010526195,0.032574374],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989373,0.00007789636,0.00014562653,0.000111143876,0.00054411305,0.00018388404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930924,0.00008615199,0.00028280768,0.000079425874,0.0001922146,0.00005017383],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022869103,0.00009314006,0.00014757446,0.00003576287,0.00013678428,0.000015398122,0.00012731187,0.00015893277,0.00087778206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017288531,0.00009411099,0.00004993625,0.0001522791,0.00007227255,0.00015987684,0.0000079865285,0.00009352229,0.000034941506],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014338442,0.00044872257,0.019279523,0.00022352618,0.00009389792,7.381604e-7,0.7042356,0.000062449886,0.0012534104,0.25119612,0.0133829145,0.009679669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008781417,0.000074272204,0.43846983,0.00034905935,0.00016361917,1.562693e-7,0.25455797,0.00013511917,0.027054405,0.010281776,0.26715875,0.0008769113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050610267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043709325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44967768,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001268372,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013223698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9611098},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2614982543","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1099-0836(200001/02)9:1<77::aid-bse223>3.0.co;2-l","title":"Canon: global responsibilities and local decisions by Philip Sandoz, 1997. Penguin, ix + 180 pp, �15.00 )hbk). ISBN 0-670-87408-6","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business Strategy and the Environment","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Library science; Sociology; Media studies; Computer science","score_opus":0.0112807791395358,"score_gpt":0.2355037596116119,"score_spread":0.22422298047207612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2614982543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87330645,0.03308752,0.005265311,0.009953163,0.00032836493,0.0013653892,0.0003513035,0.00009652364,0.07624598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96259123,0.030253353,0.000023026922,0.0003823758,0.00010059184,0.00002784581,0.000027390613,0.000009463231,0.0065846997],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981845,0.0002605027,0.00027093117,0.0003800747,0.0005319951,0.0003719722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993229,0.00020805342,0.00007332089,0.00024469962,0.000017438695,0.00013357708],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057186635,0.00019769576,0.00023220043,0.000010807575,0.000810752,0.00014249951,0.00018050581,0.00013181455,0.0022950626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007207676,0.00014243483,0.00004219771,0.00018284433,0.0014633,0.00024120191,0.00005871298,0.00009585799,0.00008294687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0047487617,0.00077219284,0.014416583,0.00005687149,0.00016203294,0.00006814129,0.009748636,0.0056454814,0.00005968303,0.23310499,0.061532307,0.66968435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030680234,0.00008480573,0.0629874,0.00005592657,0.00007912673,0.000010091281,0.0039355634,0.00031504277,0.000046844692,0.033694137,0.8952899,0.00043315877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025261904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001151169,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8337576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015044233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000108099564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2705330672","doi":"10.1111/faam.12154","title":"Participatory and incremental development in an African local government accounting reform","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Financial Accountability and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Southampton","keywords":"Agency (philosophy); Accounting; Citizen journalism; German; Local government; Face (sociological concept); Government (linguistics); Management accounting; Business; Public administration; Participatory budgeting; Political science; Democracy; Sociology; Politics","score_opus":0.027916849197267134,"score_gpt":0.2883075133248904,"score_spread":0.2603906641276233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2705330672","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98554295,0.00004412843,0.0008182988,0.00019488366,0.00015441122,0.0004789127,0.000004650617,0.000032968343,0.012728817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986124,0.0001584126,0.00043596522,0.0005017675,0.00012813737,0.000072761635,0.0000039482707,0.0000067930337,0.000079786434],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981906,0.00006668558,0.00031121404,0.00039181166,0.00061887485,0.00042081953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996192,0.000014579913,0.000081132195,0.00014277938,0.000038549697,0.000103785045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012257935,0.00013573511,0.00015723905,0.000033707827,0.00045401318,0.00010764454,0.00013360004,0.00007721701,0.00006688486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000031028885,0.0001357882,0.000015011645,0.00021641944,0.00046184738,0.00065105513,0.00020799058,0.000070624636,0.00000970651],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035041737,0.0007177374,0.3864245,0.00018313961,0.00001839006,0.000010590059,0.04020032,0.0000045709853,0.000043439373,0.1365828,0.00025725228,0.43520683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005876229,0.000111525245,0.7708096,0.00005249918,0.000014512343,2.2247774e-7,0.018514521,0.00014775638,0.00023022691,0.0010121696,0.20825276,0.00026661696],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033106783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.069012925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.43494022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011290129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000070597336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.94797516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2724426455","doi":"10.1017/s0143814x17000071","title":"Conditional tax competition in American states","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Competitor analysis; Tax competition; State (computer science); Public economics; Competition (biology); Distribution (mathematics); Economics; Tax policy; Politics; Capital (architecture); Business; State income tax; Tax reform; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.03170302591425344,"score_gpt":0.36166277818806414,"score_spread":0.3299597522738107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2724426455","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87661886,0.000039591996,0.0031444258,0.08474043,0.00026901162,0.00007535974,0.000030722127,0.000008323574,0.035073273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99779373,0.00051057513,0.0000994405,0.0005616593,0.0006349412,8.017691e-7,0.000003887537,0.0000027333674,0.00039222676],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99905145,0.000089174544,0.0002027245,0.000046535144,0.00041650212,0.0001935936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906814,0.000037322974,0.0005862381,0.00007418509,0.0001285665,0.00010556705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006346488,0.000039653354,0.00010855912,0.00012650213,0.00029286218,0.00023326524,0.00025006747,0.00002370199,0.00010837036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009672632,0.000035889363,0.00004118941,0.0001396506,0.0003401164,0.0008948233,0.000018656963,0.00008038909,0.000010024869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010377579,0.000120767145,0.25592643,0.0000026416294,0.00001101236,0.0000134796655,0.0014440478,0.00003562176,0.00004286901,0.7194403,0.006792209,0.016160253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044032253,0.000060187616,0.7479004,0.0000179908,0.0000025851828,0.0000034571558,0.0011160651,0.00002831678,0.000036184763,0.0390647,0.21127263,0.00005711411],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005101372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033830062,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6803756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000299334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053851673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7711783},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2732518813","doi":"10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.196","title":"Spending Reviews – a Tool to Support the Effcient Management of Public Funds","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Management and Business Administration Central Europe","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Originality; Legislation; Consolidation (business); Public spending; European union; Stability and Growth Pact; Eu countries; Member state; Public interest; Political science; Member states; Economics; Economic policy; Accounting; Politics; Law","score_opus":0.07895161593154182,"score_gpt":0.3351537880311546,"score_spread":0.25620217209961277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2732518813","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.63433814,0.0013108986,0.04955748,0.03762287,0.0050666435,0.003480799,0.000015390438,0.000038828566,0.26856893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820744,0.013327237,0.0007773407,0.00019433313,0.00019393367,0.0000039335996,0.0000027395479,0.000006634856,0.0034194477],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998321,0.000090966096,0.00054545386,0.00013558904,0.00064026855,0.00026671586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986453,0.000012615084,0.0008245106,0.00022835995,0.0001798641,0.0001093293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015105794,0.000105002386,0.00018765824,0.000060277893,0.0005721415,0.0005426311,0.00047796642,0.000023475232,0.00012508719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000128925,0.00007220222,0.00006113712,0.00027846082,0.00012084181,0.0006717729,0.00012806764,0.00005618632,0.000010211332],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023058026,0.0004384624,0.048610304,0.00050321757,0.00016521454,0.00025153003,0.001424398,0.000046008092,0.00004688029,0.5047838,0.019024387,0.4244752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037291087,0.00010241022,0.3202571,0.0001640478,0.00008213739,0.0000040998802,0.00045400782,0.00000816183,0.000030638847,0.00015251746,0.6782791,0.00009288839],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000105116005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003500421,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.65925467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000053688036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000048801307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5232604},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2738971139","doi":"10.1177/1078087417719324","title":"Bigger <i>Is</i> Better: Reducing the Cost of Local Administration by Increasing Jurisdiction Size in Ontario, Canada, 1995–2010","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urban Affairs Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Jurisdiction; Economies of scale; Restructuring; Local government; Consolidation (business); Administration (probate law); Public administration; Public economics; Difference in differences; Scale (ratio); Economics; Business; Political science; Finance; Law; Geography; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.015580538842315675,"score_gpt":0.2614846989581117,"score_spread":0.24590416011579605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2738971139","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.45350617,0.09060684,0.0026122073,0.12991771,0.0051539256,0.007915875,0.00024925018,0.0001330391,0.309905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99068177,0.0065922816,0.000026927988,0.0011641259,0.00006447204,0.000018889927,0.000014481847,0.000007051251,0.0014300271],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985111,0.00016950986,0.00037469162,0.00019380626,0.00052339415,0.00022750061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990486,0.000094734394,0.00041671653,0.00032601986,0.000048865364,0.00006509488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008575009,0.00010478172,0.00022860209,0.000009066875,0.00045535254,0.00007372654,0.00028968792,0.00006567339,0.0002727721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027997297,0.00008459428,0.000053415053,0.00011070961,0.000196228,0.0002922318,0.000029561796,0.00015149053,0.000004735922],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043273387,0.000118357246,0.12298782,0.0003634654,0.00002562908,0.000009499397,0.0023860475,0.000005698758,0.00008880657,0.0021739977,0.82274395,0.04905343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020716386,0.000025167998,0.048502192,0.0017717663,0.000053635504,0.0000014375272,0.00038316226,0.000025354535,0.00046035426,0.000052342013,0.94835824,0.00015918417],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.96962523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98603815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5371756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007196458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010494912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.35022497},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2741420515","doi":"","title":"Tax Setting in a Federal System: The Case of Personal Income Taxation in Canada ∗","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax rate; Economics; Indirect tax; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax; Direct tax; Value-added tax; Double taxation; State income tax; Tax competition; Public economics; Tax avoidance; Monetary economics; Labour economics","score_opus":0.012155057238358342,"score_gpt":0.228960118927907,"score_spread":0.21680506168954866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2741420515","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848105,0.000034598503,0.00006544799,0.0008976309,0.00006270881,0.00012292949,0.0000035062528,0.0000041528288,0.013998543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994597,0.000009663355,0.000016323744,0.000100206074,0.000021394386,0.0000048875495,5.0194535e-7,0.0000015167649,0.00038582567],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.999361,0.00009513833,0.00014717413,0.00006480403,0.00020086575,0.00013101228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977666,0.00005504803,0.00010190868,0.000033092896,0.000015484518,0.0000177916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025580573,0.000031952928,0.000057762525,0.000015697862,0.00010821495,0.00001619205,0.000048667756,0.00002094352,0.000121304634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007390219,0.000023739074,0.00000979585,0.00023895431,0.000022071821,0.000099366516,0.000008506698,0.000039292983,0.00000162685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000440359,0.000021823796,0.9528089,0.00003107726,0.0000020985449,0.00019326352,0.017116781,0.00030663417,0.000007767401,0.024971798,0.0013796713,0.003155781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012410985,0.000031716034,0.3901403,0.00024711262,0.000006123639,0.00004468616,0.4238942,0.181598,0.00011527207,0.00017625047,0.0021960782,0.00030917104],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9931696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99905425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5626686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008252934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001684901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21581136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2741763305","doi":"10.21272/fmir.1(1).72-79.2017","title":"The role of tax competition between the countries of the world and the features of determining the main tax competitors of Ukraine among the European countries","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Financial Markets Institutions and Risks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Innovation Cluster (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Competitor analysis; Tax competition; Competition (biology); Business; Cluster (spacecraft); Economics; Indirect tax; Tax reform; Public economics; Marketing","score_opus":0.013573533524313704,"score_gpt":0.27195802956541804,"score_spread":0.2583844960411043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2741763305","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9610253,0.0015129343,0.00012713841,0.004108139,0.00043082083,0.000764789,0.00035365016,0.0000061799124,0.031671043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965395,0.0029309134,0.000007898924,0.00005383371,0.00019225158,0.000010326471,0.0000024309484,0.00000448931,0.00025838776],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983572,0.0005926027,0.00034064724,0.0001092825,0.00043113212,0.00016914355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977792,0.00090213306,0.0007444099,0.00040377592,0.00015178708,0.000018699193],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024209162,0.00010862068,0.00020053174,0.000017425657,0.0046323333,0.00012654699,0.0006919451,0.000049367092,0.0000054060542],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000976516,0.00003958195,0.000083060695,0.00016101844,0.010158571,0.0001510408,0.00020829747,0.00016639696,1.9850478e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009220498,0.000018179559,0.2815973,0.00001850493,0.000027605109,1.9577915e-7,0.0043231933,0.000023224404,0.0000060815646,0.70692843,0.0007372821,0.006227796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034101115,0.000015536689,0.83798003,0.0001305059,0.00006952489,3.174395e-7,0.0013398316,0.000021080534,0.00015720866,0.0020850636,0.15781066,0.00004924306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034324105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01769097,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.70484334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002144229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017722063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9966635},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2757233786","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-65003-6_14","title":"Multilevel Governance and Innovations in the Financing of Urban Climate Change Strategies","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"The urban book series","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Decentralization; Corporate governance; Climate Finance; Finance; Business; Political economy of climate change; Revenue; Climate change mitigation; Multi-level governance; Political science","score_opus":0.04101519628101279,"score_gpt":0.2728194552195929,"score_spread":0.2318042589385801,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2757233786","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016338767,0.0071642394,0.00006512811,0.002558761,0.00042267737,0.0012470076,0.00027652353,0.000038260503,0.98659354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.62114936,0.030812738,0.000044642173,0.00091186614,0.00071970973,0.00010283941,0.00003355842,0.00004545063,0.34617984],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987125,0.000039592574,0.0003050684,0.00022087524,0.000457484,0.00026450207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99888784,0.00007821111,0.00055623206,0.00037282347,0.00008535941,0.000019552668],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043762784,0.00019553301,0.00024268632,0.000029437419,0.000692694,0.00018331979,0.0004345187,0.00017941967,0.0000381035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004278698,0.00013869048,0.000050942883,0.00003898497,0.0008091491,0.0008286365,0.00008657311,0.00019628713,0.0000065029963],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001876837,0.0000086888285,0.0014839456,0.00004314573,0.0000074120344,0.0000036785468,0.01709223,0.0000010017528,0.0000032344312,0.97570777,0.003698961,0.0019311822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017389187,0.000049596198,0.022142733,0.00039422666,0.000024221485,0.0000011863943,0.001912913,0.000009539339,0.000007293171,0.016717695,0.95834297,0.00022376054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008885888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012160853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95899004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007272665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001591113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6786041},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766480644","doi":"10.5703/1288284316424","title":"Where Is the Library Budget Going? Using ILS Fund Codes and Reports for Fiscal Accountability","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Purdue Pharma (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Function (biology); Code (set theory); Computer science; Resource (disambiguation); Fiscal year; Fund accounting; Finance; World Wide Web; Accounting; Business; Political science; Accounting information system; Programming language","score_opus":0.053090722852424374,"score_gpt":0.3480737658576033,"score_spread":0.2949830430051789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2766480644","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9254187,0.0003398228,0.0030529762,0.010706383,0.00037416612,0.0006053475,0.000027194177,0.000053152176,0.059422303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943907,0.0002229119,0.00057863316,0.00072404597,0.00016458966,0.0000064377177,0.000001836399,0.000005261114,0.0039055818],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992774,0.000028037406,0.00013015428,0.00017385755,0.00020297532,0.00018754824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948585,0.00009054891,0.000101531856,0.00025518067,0.000021475113,0.000045410587],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042457192,0.000056547615,0.00008198001,0.000004377127,0.0013838838,0.0005645602,0.00013402005,0.00006177046,0.0002165417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016737428,0.000037525377,0.000035450314,0.000027904438,0.000270317,0.00094940496,0.00006798874,0.000030398418,0.00000143572],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000015931488,0.000024033172,0.94664484,0.00002311933,0.000007713453,0.0000016478488,0.0036765698,0.0000016633724,0.000044461092,0.01001618,0.036780324,0.002763497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029753428,0.000034033652,0.28058806,0.000055541594,0.000037288162,0.0000030420067,0.0037677474,0.001305377,0.0012145466,0.03556579,0.67688376,0.00024728948],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019978196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026554079,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6660568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002891939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007265972,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999162},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2776418571","doi":"","title":"The International Relations of Sub-State Governments in Mexico: A Comparative Analysis with Ten Federal Systems - eScholarship","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign policy; Political science; Typology; Politics; International relations; Public administration; Democracy; State (computer science); Internationalization; Federal state; Consolidation (business); Geography; International trade; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.02213241136078391,"score_gpt":0.2873729111555494,"score_spread":0.2652404997947655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2776418571","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8892314,0.000031392807,0.0071026897,0.0015530294,0.00010724796,0.00023672542,0.000023278064,0.000015381918,0.10169889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988693,0.00007463947,0.00002937104,0.000028489241,0.00001108715,0.000013616659,0.0000027762471,0.0000019360027,0.0111450665],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871033,0.000118590055,0.00021013958,0.000117593554,0.00069891417,0.00014445727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994475,0.00019585375,0.00015332345,0.00008606648,0.000083561106,0.000033664957],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044751746,0.0000540568,0.00011147529,0.000037759997,0.00018760118,0.000097737524,0.0001764049,0.000026704163,0.00006485552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000074670796,0.000027230857,0.000036043188,0.0004617749,0.00012586311,0.00036981242,0.000020030053,0.00003542557,0.000017877031],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054115575,0.000038728776,0.9086399,5.524092e-7,0.00013654536,6.320646e-7,0.0012273703,0.0005007608,0.000114045615,0.088717885,0.00036923992,0.00020023795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001210678,0.00006377288,0.9692097,0.000077858276,0.000074952644,2.2114577e-7,0.008529977,0.0021084335,0.0014133872,0.0018454919,0.015270206,0.00019536367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015599994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.025172334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09946165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036216533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006988359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99261576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791248575","doi":"10.3390/economies6010008","title":"The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Accountability, Economic Freedom, and Political and Civil Liberties in the Americas","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Accountability; Civil liberties; Politics; Autonomy; Political science; Democracy; Economics; Development economics; Public administration; Political economy; Law","score_opus":0.02025608750630811,"score_gpt":0.3206849149536483,"score_spread":0.30042882744734023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791248575","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98679584,0.00008324292,0.000012529742,0.0020882736,0.000084570245,0.00012824654,0.000008062685,0.0000053997214,0.01079383],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992163,0.0004689517,0.000004797798,0.00012113099,0.00013199772,0.000005099501,0.0000010684956,0.0000028830918,0.000047732086],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993828,0.00009138167,0.00015267398,0.000109133696,0.00006190367,0.00020212379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994762,0.0003247818,0.000059851154,0.000096215386,0.000009973679,0.000033011947],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034929422,0.000059387963,0.00009205695,0.000015900885,0.00022488585,0.00011981403,0.000102830825,0.000036443234,0.000056214438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000106284286,0.000035635065,0.00002482266,0.00004078251,0.0009932865,0.00019710542,0.000025097706,0.00003337251,0.00000691033],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052000963,0.00002668236,0.6415899,0.0000025626791,0.000008780856,8.101733e-8,0.008201855,0.000045487235,0.000002271581,0.3470349,0.0016066621,0.0014288278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002226786,0.0001776714,0.9664855,0.00000897979,0.0000052296073,5.569261e-7,0.0049737687,0.00091743417,0.000052387113,0.019101826,0.007975788,0.000078166864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0061800177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015924616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32793307,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015011267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000475442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9342379},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791654480","doi":"10.1787/ceaaa9b0-en","title":"Decentralisation in a Globalised World","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"OECD working papers on fiscal federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Globalization; Government (linguistics); Revenue; Federalism; Face (sociological concept); Business; Capital (architecture); Inequality; Economic system; State (computer science); Economic growth; Economics; Political science; Market economy; Politics; Finance; Sociology","score_opus":0.028459153585983173,"score_gpt":0.30371954705840176,"score_spread":0.2752603934724186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2791654480","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0025067069,0.00031712232,0.00002038077,0.005437817,0.0059308526,0.000703715,0.0000414123,0.00009543535,0.98494655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.49954346,0.0022450825,0.00009273231,0.0068569034,0.0033197086,0.00007506923,0.00057931244,0.000086818254,0.48720092],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99559414,0.0004990721,0.00060832564,0.00082651497,0.0013921265,0.0010798025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988066,0.000181837,0.00036786462,0.0003628486,0.00004011535,0.00024076203],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005665108,0.00048277184,0.00055437465,0.00025018855,0.0007809518,0.0005377974,0.00054979854,0.0007110213,0.008498162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010497094,0.0004922716,0.00022377878,0.00071126025,0.00030972037,0.00014821425,0.00006743848,0.0005307574,0.0051813824],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002360987,0.00020787894,0.0042638932,0.00003591903,0.00004517526,0.000028509981,0.003693511,0.00019741643,0.00002723579,0.045688216,0.9356,0.009976145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00071303814,0.000047059708,0.002321893,0.0006741314,0.00002084165,3.3299452e-7,0.00024966762,0.000017209597,0.000046311703,0.0006279406,0.9947042,0.0005773669],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016263357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.019526018,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.49774566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016389632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026751225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997529},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793662821","doi":"10.1017/s1531426x0000474x","title":"Heather L. Williams Social Movements and Economic Transition: Markets and Distributive Conflict in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Tables, figures, bibliography, index, 252 pp.; hardcover $54.95.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Latin American Politics and Society","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Index (typography); Distributive property; Bibliography; Economic history; Political economy; Political science; Sociology; History; Mathematics; Law; Computer science","score_opus":0.010191551615676078,"score_gpt":0.23772750310848892,"score_spread":0.22753595149281283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2793662821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739557,0.0009466987,0.00060348684,0.00053833215,0.00007411565,0.00039039613,0.0014086452,0.000027446877,0.022055177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94689065,0.050783847,0.000073833995,0.00082640175,0.000050793886,0.000003736206,0.00004944122,0.000011267858,0.0013100218],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986888,0.00015281542,0.00017307086,0.00030667806,0.00021168619,0.00046693027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995387,0.000069628106,0.00011632576,0.0000735924,0.00003288973,0.00016885374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024953674,0.00016013152,0.00025038767,0.000051656014,0.00048221546,0.00010879499,0.00006439952,0.000106208594,0.000022493994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012620451,0.00017916253,0.00007108844,0.00053726207,0.0008968375,0.00023834298,0.000029901898,0.00012317221,3.883709e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004150577,0.00013521443,0.60308045,0.000044614255,0.000120214405,0.0000067054284,0.006619336,0.00001571976,0.000016187732,0.21999992,0.16954769,0.000372448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014026945,0.000058981284,0.58485633,0.000027092834,0.00003888373,7.2339094e-7,0.008990177,0.0008053231,0.000037758637,0.00021629513,0.40320453,0.00036119658],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029506585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033745565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.23365685,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017585995,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010477991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.976956},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2796149585","doi":"","title":"Subnational Value Added Tax in Ethiopia and Implications for States’ Fiscal Capacity: Research in Brief","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Revenue; Value-added tax; Federalism; Central government; Government revenue; Business; Tax revenue; Economic policy; European union; Public economics; Ad valorem tax; Economics; Tax reform; Local government; Finance; Public administration; Market economy; Decentralization; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.09497301473689651,"score_gpt":0.40316018589955593,"score_spread":0.3081871711626594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2796149585","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9513176,0.000095247226,0.000058980848,0.010611343,0.00023758024,0.0025023464,0.00041707107,0.000019813508,0.034740005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98358625,0.013116893,0.00070518214,0.0001359099,0.00030335542,0.0008876322,0.00019157161,0.000031515207,0.0010417019],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9962605,0.00084352575,0.00056484336,0.00082232826,0.0005449317,0.00096387387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973206,0.001718299,0.000117030206,0.00039689636,0.0002828767,0.00016427816],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008369765,0.00015610707,0.00031061575,0.00057043287,0.0003905062,0.00023985829,0.0005283646,0.00047959888,0.000043069533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020245523,0.00018636094,0.00005727111,0.00045159378,0.0010875805,0.00020829863,0.00048146854,0.0011957907,0.000004010686],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003698199,0.00063788256,0.43746835,0.0003307602,0.000043130935,0.000008967597,0.01584565,0.005110606,0.00007611379,0.46014747,0.0021223498,0.077838905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017645296,0.00014839483,0.49510896,0.00042896604,0.0000040711197,0.000001182972,0.003986278,0.0139022805,0.00006365345,0.3605673,0.12348969,0.00053467415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006432898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05064805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12136734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0033435347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013148553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97246605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803222349","doi":"","title":"Research guides: United States federal government information: Home","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"libguides","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Business; Public administration; Political science","score_opus":0.06722815624744298,"score_gpt":0.34592352864511705,"score_spread":0.27869537239767406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2803222349","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00067775685,0.00029276815,0.0010546194,0.0036069297,0.0016094472,0.0007599103,0.000303241,0.000205913,0.9914894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.012023886,0.06018159,0.0010793713,0.010513494,0.002685074,0.00021147722,0.0049020313,0.00008895483,0.9083141],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9940851,0.00036697972,0.00059877045,0.0002692465,0.0038517332,0.0008282176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983896,0.00022475,0.0002591801,0.0003362032,0.0005784488,0.00021181944],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019157542,0.00023719891,0.00027991066,0.00018076906,0.0010579799,0.000645301,0.00071022863,0.0004914881,0.0046869456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040833635,0.0002095225,0.000097263066,0.0009926446,0.0004137783,0.0011976083,0.00021494542,0.0004537021,0.000982747],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023573084,0.000038895687,0.0004414615,0.000048532955,0.000025673344,0.0000031191632,0.0061945436,0.000013310092,7.42554e-8,0.08761026,0.9026945,0.0029060238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021500565,0.00007631681,0.0003394229,0.00010089122,0.00000960077,2.6517256e-7,0.017503608,0.000048045385,0.000018120241,0.0049372674,0.97646445,0.000286984],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.031054728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030704525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.083175294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012971124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000557849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997951},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2806723777","doi":"","title":"Research guides: United States federal government information: Help","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"libguides","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Public administration; Political science; Business","score_opus":0.07249936485848625,"score_gpt":0.35119163964536193,"score_spread":0.2786922747868757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2806723777","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00039362238,0.00026105376,0.0012140903,0.003875672,0.0013595477,0.0007497756,0.00025162622,0.00018463504,0.99170995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0074304733,0.04932804,0.0010561845,0.010737515,0.00259232,0.00019433163,0.0041945525,0.00007590571,0.9243907],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9940307,0.00038549915,0.00060290453,0.0002699397,0.0038873244,0.0008236478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99835914,0.00022553938,0.00026176864,0.00033321965,0.00061022944,0.00021008044],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019888554,0.00023687244,0.0002695272,0.00016632222,0.0011039526,0.0006325689,0.0006883791,0.00049198663,0.0048011485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055538304,0.00020973921,0.00009714124,0.00094930176,0.00039797713,0.001139453,0.00021375161,0.0004494213,0.0010110125],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002291751,0.00003960253,0.00038260568,0.000047462378,0.00002442526,0.0000029012833,0.0058982167,0.000014127349,9.459078e-8,0.082283795,0.90766925,0.003614591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019657631,0.000075679505,0.00018598294,0.00010991556,0.000009596567,2.586608e-7,0.022954429,0.00005662555,0.00003524738,0.0033709663,0.9727368,0.00026796412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03718842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039820727,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07891283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012775665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005755041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807999071","doi":"10.55671/0160-4341.1073","title":"Rethinking the Fiscal Relationship Between Public Lands and Public Land Counties: County Payments 4.0","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Humboldt Journal of Social Relations","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Headwaters Health Care Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Payment; Public land; Land Values; Geography; Natural resource economics; Land use; Political science; Economics; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.08263180374054807,"score_gpt":0.3242779864664373,"score_spread":0.24164618272588922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2807999071","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.934957,0.0002590255,0.0036388992,0.0296317,0.0005341272,0.0001908085,0.000027466456,0.00003195893,0.030728988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972457,0.000102802886,0.00007796972,0.00022975862,0.0015309174,0.0000021383812,0.000009570401,0.000008950687,0.00079216826],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808425,0.0002800639,0.00040265764,0.00010070786,0.0008614744,0.0002708547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984013,0.0005590265,0.00046310003,0.00007448338,0.0003901138,0.0001119863],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016997488,0.00008448571,0.00015573105,0.00007757969,0.0028287207,0.00038782367,0.00021350467,0.00017446243,0.00015139031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014225054,0.00006445553,0.00007035143,0.00047309196,0.0006065146,0.0009341028,0.000034990495,0.00031372748,0.00001709275],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004572629,0.000017316303,0.8256571,0.0000018688805,0.000024549136,5.3313374e-7,0.013635487,4.322711e-7,7.1379884e-7,0.15461771,0.005690416,0.00034926864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035588315,0.000038675254,0.8053535,0.00001824492,0.00005339744,0.0000017069258,0.0029846015,0.0000153208,8.350338e-7,0.05087891,0.14021546,0.00008344554],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009782103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065787125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13452505,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021236291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031666807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2811141519","doi":"10.1111/gove.12346","title":"How to organize secondary capital city regions: Institutional drivers of locational policy coordination","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Governance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Autonomy; Capital (architecture); Tax competition; National capital; Economic geography; Politics; Capital region; Local economic development; Fragmentation (computing); Economics; Economic system; Economic growth; Economy; Regional science; Political science; Geography; Public economics; Market economy; Tax reform","score_opus":0.013195419169989625,"score_gpt":0.26312565664758897,"score_spread":0.24993023747759935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2811141519","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82973534,0.00015080385,0.046449464,0.059005316,0.0012706418,0.000547705,0.00025467036,0.000093533126,0.06249253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925374,0.0000982551,0.0005232327,0.0006734203,0.0007685163,0.0000061317774,0.000010927109,0.000004858084,0.005377299],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988405,0.000031868934,0.00012930305,0.00018530189,0.0006220376,0.00019099965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992761,0.000028636892,0.00016226477,0.000118862656,0.00033440525,0.000079728154],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001452194,0.00007279607,0.000090911475,0.000029917957,0.00032548592,0.000045051842,0.00019588122,0.000066001914,0.00019369362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00087287556,0.00007877923,0.000032459186,0.00061529933,0.00041275338,0.00056295586,0.0000399842,0.000050248134,0.000047850262],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021685171,0.000053881202,0.010073154,0.000005853861,0.00000748299,9.969797e-7,0.0027261626,0.000014357774,0.00033822187,0.966953,0.014961648,0.004843566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005518923,0.000098394325,0.36965045,0.00006144565,0.0000081097505,0.0000015110858,0.0009865368,0.00004174754,0.002984012,0.010334945,0.61505795,0.00022298204],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019496961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016065697,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9566181,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053295307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008406562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32125238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W28157947","doi":"10.1364/oe.25.000573","title":"Decentralization: The Case of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relationships in Ethiopia","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Industry Canada","keywords":"Decentralization; Political science; Development economics; Economics","score_opus":0.040933533241254164,"score_gpt":0.28331867607287065,"score_spread":0.2423851428316165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W28157947","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90666485,0.00028067557,0.0068897237,0.0023674637,0.0004081457,0.00039146625,0.000020293186,0.000029143683,0.082948215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99818784,0.00037629635,0.00029403562,0.00007574181,0.000050749994,0.0000070935394,0.0000024520195,0.0000052063433,0.0010006076],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904996,0.00019178663,0.00021056995,0.00010535095,0.0002750097,0.00016729819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995489,0.00016343853,0.00008832644,0.00013327763,0.000026397263,0.0000396552],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003114694,0.000057526595,0.00007380513,0.000017753135,0.00021800678,0.000035906196,0.00014421408,0.00007813767,0.00028206015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025259765,0.000047919348,0.000029554256,0.00023968385,0.00015723091,0.0001898722,0.000033644228,0.000114364135,0.000011450733],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002213272,0.00030536728,0.12418922,0.000019669524,0.000013025046,0.00013784585,0.06172665,0.0017083269,0.00014113294,0.8035192,0.0057181204,0.0024993445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008676546,0.00043816626,0.10258699,0.0010071851,0.00026247234,0.0002673203,0.2557112,0.21542503,0.010740589,0.035683826,0.3666845,0.0025161575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00036041136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016897919,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7678353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011984416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011565137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30883607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2826093047","doi":"","title":"Basic Models of Tax Federalism in Global Practice: Specific Characteristics and Structural and Functional Organization","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax policy; Federalism; Public economics; Fiscal federalism; Hierarchy; Economics; Revenue; State (computer science); Tax revenue; Population; Government (linguistics); Tax reform; Business; International economics; Political science; Decentralization; Accounting; Market economy; Computer science","score_opus":0.030503612409737643,"score_gpt":0.30488513440773185,"score_spread":0.2743815219979942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2826093047","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99520105,0.002112117,0.00065505586,0.0015359853,0.00020390577,0.00006531589,0.000009259483,0.00000411466,0.00021320452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849878,0.013970109,0.0002622245,0.00021191924,0.00054978713,3.791085e-7,7.5825903e-7,0.0000033753827,0.000013667336],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.999062,0.000046640955,0.00031405143,0.00012261365,0.00029654108,0.00015817687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992558,0.0000699415,0.00037482678,0.000016536993,0.00024937955,0.00003353341],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005417889,0.00007848025,0.00019242059,0.000032567037,0.00055544917,0.00005867464,0.00004198681,0.00009739421,0.0000057897464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00075461436,0.00007184612,0.000011639707,0.0002453988,0.0004362555,0.0006964773,0.000055309796,0.00012870271,1.7395841e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025261394,0.000048044665,0.7805368,0.00007469065,0.000053781252,0.000003946741,0.01939647,0.000018462297,0.00023287398,0.14952868,0.0025213703,0.047332305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00057550933,0.00005788297,0.9705912,0.00011341544,0.000027669363,0.000024134908,0.0040641436,0.00011826524,0.000053313175,0.017932577,0.0063201855,0.00012173802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009929339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000040754643,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1900544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000644838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004845232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42721218},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885954129","doi":"10.1177/152397211001000103","title":"Fiscal Decentralization with Regional Redistribution and Risk Sharing","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bishop's University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Redistribution (election); Political science; Economics; Market economy; Politics","score_opus":0.011290703391840939,"score_gpt":0.23687709493441791,"score_spread":0.22558639154257698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2885954129","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9333728,0.00025498657,0.036005013,0.0068911863,0.00024696084,0.0005435757,0.0000114583,0.00009554523,0.022578454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862018,0.012242583,0.0006245324,0.00014976448,0.00007399835,0.00002748233,0.000029592968,0.0000049775913,0.00064523605],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99915224,0.000017577273,0.00009678026,0.000236674,0.00025951213,0.00023719021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971765,0.0000104810115,0.00007807493,0.000099532626,0.0000344259,0.000059808317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029079858,0.000072390845,0.000065014465,0.00003101345,0.00043745292,0.00016504027,0.000079593556,0.00005015293,0.000019457822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002816823,0.000064468746,0.0000103122575,0.0002040289,0.00015734546,0.00044344406,0.000050169594,0.00007285352,0.000002280396],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000128144975,0.000028117149,0.13742745,0.000012593262,0.0000094407305,0.0000019889362,0.00036804986,0.0000033790277,0.0000033829901,0.8287144,0.0022621597,0.031156255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044938544,0.000026485031,0.3335238,0.000019946046,0.000023446986,0.0000013119852,0.00036597517,0.000658308,0.000011960559,0.005163401,0.65962565,0.00013032639],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000209887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012325128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.823551,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003345472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001538192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.33645785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889535161","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v20i4.354","title":"The Incentive Effects of the Minnesota Fiscal Disparities Program on Tax Policy in Minnesota","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Business and Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Metropolitan area; Incentive; Public economics; Revenue; Economics; Matching (statistics); Tax revenue; Work (physics); Tax reform; Microeconomics; Finance; Geography","score_opus":0.006478522549184964,"score_gpt":0.23819336737004262,"score_spread":0.23171484482085766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889535161","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9920383,0.00006653023,0.000017583196,0.003913246,0.0003521815,0.00021541829,0.0000022633528,0.0000018471407,0.0033926133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965503,0.0027562825,0.00003070811,0.00017552113,0.00041443348,0.000005433736,2.3723318e-7,0.00000427766,0.000062800675],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939346,0.000022030146,0.00024745896,0.00006860303,0.00010931361,0.00015912447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939275,0.00011597961,0.00032811382,0.000074718286,0.000058815833,0.000029650499],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026258486,0.000064800384,0.00014222969,0.0000316831,0.0002362139,0.00007694273,0.00017874966,0.000052802035,0.0000018780552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000970634,0.000037805126,0.000033102897,0.00020971171,0.00042977073,0.0001500149,0.000040737024,0.00006773692,8.286424e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000794169,0.0005565843,0.056711886,0.00009552652,0.00005694257,0.000002086119,0.006627385,0.00023261369,0.000111061076,0.7966222,0.002413812,0.13577572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014437297,0.00019096988,0.8121995,0.00018492613,0.00003116106,0.0000017705365,0.0021945052,0.00022023458,0.0018154555,0.023353934,0.15818188,0.00018198666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032992577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013549125,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7732683,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009803544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010894933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18167903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2889920831","doi":"","title":"Barriers to Growth Management: Local Challenges Implementing the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Horseshoe (symbol); Horseshoe crab; Growth management; Plan (archaeology); Environmental planning; Geography; Environmental resource management; Operations management; Engineering; Computer science; Biology; Ecology; Archaeology; Environmental science; Civil engineering","score_opus":0.017926836859251876,"score_gpt":0.2358388357007934,"score_spread":0.21791199884154153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2889920831","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92017466,0.0005188605,0.00249181,0.038181,0.0018986529,0.0050696074,0.0002477689,0.00018057461,0.031237086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6476889,0.0036337024,0.00044494474,0.00030935486,0.0003840521,0.00001586807,0.00020223149,0.000047557533,0.34727335],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983822,0.000088565605,0.00012504941,0.0003506543,0.00055873685,0.000494799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99916023,0.00006746496,0.00020233217,0.00023380532,0.00020514724,0.00013104895],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057150517,0.00019090073,0.00020863234,0.000086346925,0.0015822231,0.000066480876,0.00081328035,0.00016584153,0.00026890816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000040587154,0.00014576486,0.00015302021,0.00021764154,0.00022517996,0.00021229532,0.000104913066,0.000095708594,0.000032672004],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004501187,0.000026936994,0.0018585051,0.00037464785,0.00041754104,0.00001066175,0.8573903,0.000008416589,0.00001597279,0.08488912,0.042403214,0.012154604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004288762,0.000101665144,0.0074014957,0.00011630211,0.00030869615,1.6089594e-7,0.91515636,0.00004166568,0.00022708633,0.0010494689,0.074912846,0.00025538955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028794315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.18082546,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31603628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014580939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007194533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891387108","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Federalism and Political Decentralization. Lessons from Spain, Germany and Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Federalism; Fiscal federalism; Politics; Political science; Political economy; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.09747097671986515,"score_gpt":0.3805561580248162,"score_spread":0.28308518130495103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2891387108","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.64941674,0.0033820441,0.000452694,0.3456289,0.00012820381,0.00015435468,0.000016216516,0.000010523496,0.00081031676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885686,0.0065162834,0.000459165,0.0033640722,0.0005867392,0.000001801596,0.00001285693,0.000009352935,0.0004811288],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960505,0.00051295327,0.00039256303,0.00023778318,0.0022171997,0.00058904465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975305,0.0008119264,0.00017307208,0.00010759658,0.0005933826,0.0007834761],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009617144,0.00013594613,0.00023993103,0.00014671254,0.0007420997,0.00018503667,0.00025868247,0.00013549846,0.000029424691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010642828,0.000120451885,0.000052230083,0.00026739418,0.0010283258,0.00044456875,0.000046103665,0.0003549456,0.0000017508073],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008428069,0.000060716822,0.021862008,0.000009009962,0.00002628744,0.00012011951,0.0009879846,0.000013304134,0.00013855335,0.9168973,0.05810826,0.0016921925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000876802,0.00015322273,0.24318083,0.00031665037,0.000026559874,0.00015512228,0.0036799482,0.00016492547,0.00009562692,0.20306356,0.5480006,0.00028615788],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11520996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.14870922,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71383375,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043401078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019002919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8906819},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891712049","doi":"10.1429/88461","title":"Catalan Grievances: Do Fiscal Flows Matter?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Politica economica","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Catalan; Fiscal federalism; Fiscal union; Balance (ability); Fiscal policy; Sample (material); Economics; Current account; Political science; Macroeconomics; Economy; Economic policy; Decentralization; Exchange rate; Humanities; Market economy","score_opus":0.02128909576481291,"score_gpt":0.3024650370239628,"score_spread":0.2811759412591499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2891712049","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43774548,0.000021834418,0.00004616754,0.0071200826,0.00051750994,0.00011719399,0.00004293144,0.000031518182,0.5543573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99412125,0.00007471347,0.00006733458,0.00061932293,0.00050385675,0.000009811687,0.00000697201,0.000008510014,0.004588205],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991049,0.000025742604,0.00015525815,0.00020282446,0.00010121776,0.00041004684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993232,0.000036634552,0.00009878095,0.0003699735,0.000013379653,0.00015801577],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014706251,0.00007779429,0.00012187215,0.0000141256105,0.0007686678,0.00038458573,0.00040295653,0.00006387512,0.0015074586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010530951,0.00008005628,0.000051729505,0.000011997176,0.00025608845,0.00046693816,0.00006188952,0.000048179256,0.0020027913],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012235671,0.00004293953,0.256806,0.00000998766,0.000013222716,0.0000022390263,0.0023645528,0.0000047270782,0.00001446627,0.7252209,0.013857011,0.0016517139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00032650994,0.0000152855,0.23825602,0.000018553523,0.000013140444,6.152437e-7,0.0005022767,0.00010119147,0.00020584709,0.033871118,0.72644657,0.00024286073],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028602106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013928205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71258956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017959924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007060942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903784656","doi":"10.1590/0034-761220170047","title":"Os múltiplos papéis dos governos estaduais na política educacional brasileira: os casos do Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo e Pará","year":2018,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"Revista de Administração Pública","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Political science; Public administration","score_opus":0.03364031263171475,"score_gpt":0.33599732477104255,"score_spread":0.3023570121393278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2903784656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92009634,0.00566644,0.0032161956,0.024535397,0.0037132015,0.0063902372,0.0056026247,0.000943926,0.02983567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820801,0.0017729348,0.0002428362,0.0021173942,0.0026902806,0.00014189811,0.0001645681,0.00016537114,0.010624591],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.98991966,0.0008199043,0.0017691376,0.0019036764,0.003037979,0.0025496467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945565,0.00058725174,0.0011699785,0.0014967062,0.0006205312,0.0015690592],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014342607,0.0011600528,0.0012876872,0.00018151928,0.0018114906,0.0021464012,0.0016278016,0.0009855328,0.00894675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015827616,0.0011497092,0.0007281529,0.001998973,0.0012240265,0.001009613,0.000396145,0.000810774,0.0031385014],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00158427,0.006182203,0.13554816,0.001462372,0.00094961043,0.0008539165,0.033880807,0.0000061926266,0.0015611448,0.16046569,0.6372891,0.02021649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002419164,0.0019596196,0.030796817,0.0013338774,0.00068146357,0.00016484752,0.013539058,0.00029870952,0.0013796648,0.0008354634,0.94402266,0.0025686868],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00046141326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006574907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3067335,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014173386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027218317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904688488","doi":"10.1017/lap.2018.58","title":"“It Was Once a Radical Democratic Proposal”: Theories of Gradual Institutional Change in Brazilian Participatory Budgeting","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Latin American Politics and Society","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Blueprint; Legislation; Citizen journalism; Politics; Political science; Democracy; Rhetoric; Participatory budgeting; Public administration; State (computer science); Political economy; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.03016381212570635,"score_gpt":0.3304371609420133,"score_spread":0.30027334881630696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2904688488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888016,0.000060019887,0.00065221917,0.002675155,0.00010790112,0.00018049729,0.000014191643,0.000019520503,0.007488917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99625295,0.00018617997,0.0013139951,0.0018370675,0.00030288476,0.000012605831,0.0000034723153,0.0000050692447,0.000085786014],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988938,0.0001054305,0.00021405474,0.00014562723,0.0003153072,0.00032576467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957377,0.00009501453,0.00011527859,0.000067219014,0.00005267019,0.00009607679],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035041297,0.00007579057,0.00015773342,0.000012593452,0.00035615978,0.00002386387,0.00007495261,0.00004746885,0.000024143063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017803918,0.000070743255,0.000043844044,0.0002637452,0.0033740578,0.00012209087,0.00003438559,0.00007781036,0.0000013407001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000050471826,0.00006517392,0.18786679,0.000022168118,0.000009448878,9.624364e-7,0.098547705,0.0000016360104,0.000031668813,0.70966053,0.0003097777,0.0034791057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015534405,0.00069448445,0.7697534,0.00040112407,0.000073750045,0.0000017346583,0.09855287,0.012873362,0.001212344,0.08823397,0.025816781,0.0008327268],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042043207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010345441,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6214265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010407152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025628036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993382},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2906531228","doi":"10.36939/cjur/vol27no1/art114","title":"Municipal Reforms in Montreal and the Issue of Fairness","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian journal of urban research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Equity (law); Corporate governance; Public administration; Political science; Geography; Business; Finance","score_opus":0.04775885990106374,"score_gpt":0.35539984363249455,"score_spread":0.3076409837314308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2906531228","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9500359,0.00079461397,0.00001046901,0.003876629,0.00012026991,0.00012374643,0.0000029797575,5.9945535e-7,0.045034774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99814403,0.0002670216,0.0000076285614,0.000051864477,0.00020519298,8.3833584e-7,1.7058169e-7,0.00000255213,0.0013206867],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986957,0.00032916944,0.00018262913,0.000050684437,0.00045392854,0.00028790324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991949,0.00013966778,0.00006403444,0.00008110817,0.00030164028,0.00021865261],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036648437,0.000030299716,0.00010639641,0.00014666958,0.00023364743,0.000046485195,0.00027115896,0.00004719774,0.00014540405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00067433505,0.000019071596,0.00002152784,0.00041425254,0.0014621502,0.00014776058,0.000013478552,0.00017289186,0.0000053342083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00067714945,0.00004466402,0.43659633,0.000033519722,0.000035590474,0.00013107315,0.23162615,0.0000145956255,0.00003388625,0.25512585,0.051726658,0.02395452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0037986727,0.00052387815,0.48805323,0.00027125297,0.000011842941,0.000010855307,0.058986083,0.0002999735,0.00030440287,0.03564996,0.41192943,0.00016042862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.414006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.80441195,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39040592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020351028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073363655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5898962},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2908267360","doi":"10.1017/s000712341800042x","title":"Are Transfer-Dependent Governments More Creditworthy? Reassessing the Fiscal Federal Foundations of Subnational Default Risk","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of Political Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Bailout; Transfer payment; Economics; Probability of default; Revenue; Payment; Business; Financial system; Monetary economics; Finance; Credit risk; Macroeconomics; Financial crisis; Market economy","score_opus":0.024679423093557713,"score_gpt":0.3305317794635554,"score_spread":0.3058523563699977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2908267360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97188747,0.00008543375,0.017617032,0.0031136856,0.0006605129,0.00011498458,0.00006900479,0.000008551847,0.00644335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998455,0.000099782585,0.00025371014,0.00035969165,0.00071586354,0.0000012423166,7.489799e-7,0.00000454986,0.00010939921],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961908,0.00016042103,0.00043624063,0.00015782719,0.0025027436,0.000551973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984373,0.00018802208,0.0003175712,0.00008568982,0.0006699136,0.00030152698],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019013982,0.000071940376,0.00014600539,0.000036683876,0.0015074814,0.00038353394,0.00052784354,0.000055507127,0.00014255759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024622541,0.00006166318,0.00009409619,0.0004573422,0.002799692,0.000887454,0.000043752352,0.0001880159,0.000004495145],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073708856,0.0005650628,0.3209025,0.000013790549,0.00004744918,0.00007929661,0.0024307203,0.00009362584,0.00060475897,0.6501967,0.002099588,0.022892825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003667477,0.000070402224,0.98217213,0.00014280237,0.000031918356,0.0000664287,0.0030920242,0.00026483356,0.0005729819,0.011591933,0.0015285712,0.00009923118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023729214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021757192,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66126966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005026426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00062062615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999141},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2908631081","doi":"10.1093/publius/pjy045","title":"The Limits of Federation-wide Political Parties in Ensuring Federal Stability: Nigeria under the Peoples Democratic Party","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Publius The Journal of Federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Dominance (genetics); Democracy; Political science; Scholarship; Public administration; Politics; Political stability; Political economy; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.03983703681417212,"score_gpt":0.2995773755339186,"score_spread":0.2597403387197465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2908631081","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9143055,0.00029881057,0.0008455379,0.08022692,0.0006070864,0.00022521547,0.0000021093954,0.000009147674,0.0034796505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973378,0.00039860312,0.000028104945,0.0014348852,0.00049047306,0.000005180654,6.12241e-7,0.000008946769,0.0002953725],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966589,0.0010520653,0.00073031744,0.000104449944,0.00092163327,0.0005325972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965759,0.0022048315,0.0004618127,0.00021394352,0.00043719826,0.00010633177],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003665463,0.00012582992,0.00022462013,0.000033697117,0.0022469661,0.0007109692,0.00049402524,0.00007163126,0.00004893594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022012782,0.00006102993,0.00010657516,0.00027170609,0.0008230291,0.00060979044,0.000053622938,0.00023840491,0.0000034655645],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005155697,0.00035299547,0.28012976,0.00003891581,0.00017287265,0.000005974261,0.070858814,0.00027688823,0.0004394406,0.624592,0.021054987,0.0015617575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018071448,0.0005377012,0.528633,0.00024999338,0.00011047691,0.000041231586,0.1955481,0.00066897843,0.0089124795,0.23821075,0.024749175,0.000531001],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009596701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03667278,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38638127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021401914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005498289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999052},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912270314","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-03080-3_49","title":"The Calculus of Consent and the Compound Republic","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Federalist; Federalism; Constitution; Politics; State (computer science); Externality; Public choice; Law and economics; Political science; Political philosophy; Public administration; Law; Economics; Mathematics; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.03315326293972911,"score_gpt":0.28149888493741315,"score_spread":0.24834562199768404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912270314","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009768948,0.00073538144,0.00020585959,0.004473199,0.0002238248,0.00026215886,0.000004529604,0.000012147859,0.99398524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.026976861,0.006769612,0.000007903823,0.00046458727,0.0001744622,0.0000026663006,0.0000024195028,0.000006541599,0.96559495],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914724,0.00004610218,0.00017890602,0.00010897484,0.0004038147,0.00011496562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991193,0.00041421867,0.00017610849,0.00016532007,0.000094946976,0.000030107807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061675144,0.00007310209,0.00012824379,0.0000078188805,0.000447662,0.00008430661,0.00015954093,0.000096793,0.0005786525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001317541,0.00003450377,0.0000519299,0.000019172108,0.0024171732,0.000035934176,0.000053200507,0.00005845365,0.000020497553],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018336821,0.0000020112086,0.000013970038,0.0000026177547,0.000015251386,3.1359747e-7,0.00093360344,4.3326732e-8,1.1756323e-7,0.9534436,0.044413026,0.0011571266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002038234,0.000011981591,0.000030568823,0.00001924862,0.000018712828,4.3755685e-7,0.00045688826,0.000017688406,0.000003488543,0.054588,0.944598,0.000051144034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010143431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004934123,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.900185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000408878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013825734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89061755},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913934970","doi":"10.1590/2317-6172201837","title":"ICMS: crise federativa e obsolescência","year":2018,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"Revista Direito GV","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Public administration; Metropolitan area; Economics; Economy; Welfare economics; Business; Geography","score_opus":0.036556000387252,"score_gpt":0.32721288442858554,"score_spread":0.29065688404133355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2913934970","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17799811,0.017468004,0.018636215,0.0134514915,0.008103506,0.003150404,0.00022830244,0.0007155309,0.7602484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.936827,0.0025985125,0.000060114748,0.0012112823,0.0028140494,0.000013398457,0.00001786041,0.000037336707,0.056420468],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996828,0.00033817074,0.00052739156,0.000592317,0.0009810429,0.0007330502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986314,0.00008845449,0.00030033037,0.00044821802,0.00024983342,0.00028172723],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053199974,0.00030949322,0.00040785444,0.00004167169,0.0012274572,0.00081359927,0.00042950842,0.00024847526,0.0021243596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004740732,0.0002969888,0.00018401188,0.0006833654,0.00046894772,0.0004989134,0.00011686713,0.00016865095,0.002728947],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012648814,0.00048691186,0.02524388,0.00026508438,0.000093508366,0.00004661397,0.014294084,0.0000029746539,0.00044879786,0.27609697,0.6547996,0.028095093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00033749733,0.00015385322,0.00516543,0.0003727466,0.00006982789,0.0000010937482,0.0017567422,0.0002502889,0.00049733813,0.00030912668,0.99064934,0.00043668645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040123943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033535852,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7588289,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037998505,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030527258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2920861342","doi":"10.1002/pad.1854","title":"The innovative personality? Policy making and experimentation in an authoritarian bureaucracy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration and Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange","keywords":"Bureaucracy; Authoritarianism; Personality; Corporate governance; Mainland China; Power (physics); China; Political science; Public administration; Economics; Social psychology; Psychology; Democracy; Politics; Management; Law","score_opus":0.03911903476624302,"score_gpt":0.3720262221837334,"score_spread":0.33290718741749037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2920861342","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9640831,0.00011128614,0.0010020429,0.017641678,0.00012630668,0.00042983866,0.0000013429658,0.000029374942,0.016575027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984128,0.000074786,0.00059163786,0.0003346851,0.000047747475,0.000025490312,0.000020352747,0.000003292452,0.00048920396],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991104,0.00008779369,0.0001874147,0.0001650966,0.00026867568,0.00018061658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996945,0.000041783347,0.00007564764,0.000052515512,0.00007530612,0.000060241615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005588633,0.000065390086,0.00006041426,0.000051269664,0.00050062453,0.00036269132,0.00005709377,0.000047154146,0.00003861515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010779692,0.000054726137,0.000004360594,0.00030982489,0.00007923659,0.00062284,0.000019825333,0.00004780652,0.0000044039057],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020082514,0.000038566723,0.1122284,0.0000041204676,0.000003548597,5.599579e-7,0.02244369,1.8398215e-7,0.000027519918,0.8284913,0.000050805793,0.036691274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005852551,0.000089172885,0.6074433,0.000018736453,0.0000011741464,0.0000014435096,0.06438716,0.00015348304,0.00017107205,0.002275076,0.3246572,0.00021697438],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011998893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022512244,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82621616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016296632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007435757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.385045},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2921816017","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.01.005","title":"Higher pay, worse outcomes? The impact of mayoral wages on local government quality in Peru","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Local government; Bureaucracy; Economics; Government (linguistics); Quality (philosophy); Competition (biology); Labour economics; Affect (linguistics); Public economics; Political science; Public administration; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.045106465930869866,"score_gpt":0.3410351098934068,"score_spread":0.29592864396253693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2921816017","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.984713,0.000024483677,0.00008466241,0.005593789,0.0004755011,0.00010878274,0.000011044787,0.0000023361813,0.008986363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998214,0.00022911535,0.000017520073,0.00027382266,0.00010311389,7.5745027e-7,5.4274716e-7,0.000005628532,0.0011555136],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986093,0.00018936966,0.0005427852,0.000088886336,0.00034527443,0.00022437505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988523,0.00017966857,0.0006868937,0.00014682942,0.000051541207,0.00008277699],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020095329,0.00008541043,0.00027048233,0.000033685257,0.00004665711,0.00007626322,0.00029935475,0.00007370894,0.0005152407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013254823,0.000048081696,0.00020717568,0.00010688175,0.00010020942,0.0004784072,0.00003206931,0.00017061032,0.000018276434],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000053611104,0.00016580941,0.9216794,0.0000031259208,0.000037552087,8.5787735e-7,0.0007899228,0.0020967266,0.000003892828,0.069532104,0.00081110105,0.0048259343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00070158887,0.00015766185,0.980079,0.000012930692,0.000004904154,4.488921e-7,0.002366645,0.00014055069,0.000014758802,0.0016747226,0.01476767,0.00007913652],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010351245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00072441867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06785738,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00140371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027833576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5641525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W292856899","doi":"10.4000/economiepublique.641","title":"Les gouvernements sous-nationaux au Canada : quelques aspects financiers et fiscaux","year":2001,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Économie publique/Public economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.028566722660734803,"score_gpt":0.2546363847289203,"score_spread":0.22606966206818552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W292856899","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4206112,0.0011038907,0.0010029849,0.14964963,0.004991767,0.00057806604,0.00026382846,0.00010847034,0.42169017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9353683,0.010877555,0.0002882982,0.015253536,0.001214309,0.00007984856,0.0002707155,0.00007573378,0.036571674],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99603146,0.00028716383,0.0009969003,0.00089468755,0.00033072176,0.0014590763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974938,0.0003031406,0.0007971688,0.0005166441,0.00027877072,0.0006104783],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011587598,0.000513184,0.00055872893,0.0001646828,0.00087079743,0.0007743754,0.00087210565,0.00048374548,0.002050423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005522907,0.00064872956,0.00021045245,0.0005255388,0.00049297983,0.0035565584,0.00021906743,0.00037921837,0.00012470954],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017587534,0.00018106397,0.06819547,0.000026200922,0.00010956319,0.00000984571,0.000884744,0.0013719745,3.616005e-7,0.83459896,0.06417436,0.030429842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007607791,0.00006219134,0.028991196,0.000039924158,0.000032464948,0.0000052700702,0.0014999863,0.002923655,0.000016346747,0.016602177,0.9483829,0.0006830965],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8876806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98612654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88420856,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.018378176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02326476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943277044","doi":"10.1108/aeds-02-2019-0031","title":"Reassessing the contents and context of governance in Asia: recognizing achievements","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Asian Education and Development Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Context (archaeology); Perception; Political science; Politics; Diversity (politics); Good governance; Multi-level governance; Public relations; Business; Geography; Psychology; Finance","score_opus":0.03999301215467506,"score_gpt":0.3317678211906092,"score_spread":0.29177480903593417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943277044","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9706696,0.0040454566,0.000015246413,0.0046050167,0.00043850203,0.00033829565,8.0593463e-7,0.0000074218583,0.019879598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942969,0.0036536262,0.0002401578,0.00040504185,0.000015263386,0.000015240384,0.000001662329,0.000002748586,0.001369356],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993426,0.0000490731,0.00018169226,0.00012514171,0.00018646871,0.0001150052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996891,0.000051024086,0.00012697781,0.000046667774,0.00006383436,0.00002239983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027488446,0.000059614347,0.0001137907,0.000019478493,0.00019483866,0.000025394393,0.000048002377,0.000023952129,0.000013045905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012872563,0.00004553914,0.0000067281235,0.00011610471,0.00010042126,0.00018317056,0.00003476217,0.00003616347,0.000004145947],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007995621,0.000060509497,0.63716733,0.000028863116,0.000020866199,1.0083609e-7,0.058634415,7.924369e-8,0.00001679225,0.012849756,0.00054980395,0.29066345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022444555,0.000008938421,0.7462151,0.00020878395,0.0000037690547,2.113555e-7,0.20733252,9.675475e-7,0.00015059723,0.00037946794,0.045406625,0.00006856629],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019350197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007239998,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2905949,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009815002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015936773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18570322},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2943795073","doi":"","title":"Figure 1.3 Local government complexity, 2010.pdf","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Political science; Linguistics; Philosophy","score_opus":0.09313831534157457,"score_gpt":0.3171182578920712,"score_spread":0.22397994255049664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2943795073","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727516,0.00003955113,0.0025330184,0.0008622573,0.00078304706,0.00047907495,0.000026713918,0.00014265958,0.02238204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87642026,0.00012239789,0.00002141065,0.0006545165,0.00011586823,8.134383e-7,0.000019775054,0.000021488122,0.122623466],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99687195,0.0003047161,0.0002304051,0.00053428835,0.0014039074,0.0006547261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988841,0.00007876104,0.00019954861,0.00042805917,0.00009964579,0.0003099105],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042875874,0.00025203876,0.00028859277,0.00008343692,0.00045660813,0.0002675912,0.00079542137,0.00026258832,0.0019627959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003351319,0.00028930517,0.00014644241,0.0004969988,0.00033751797,0.0018048811,0.0002772981,0.00036358015,0.006373859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008485316,0.00011524238,0.9910471,0.00002369789,0.000029157665,0.00005676012,0.0008087505,0.000045753764,0.00009637815,0.006936892,0.0000381869,0.00071723596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010682658,0.00011113319,0.8314782,0.00010688436,0.00004223853,0.000002206791,0.0024711962,0.0000015381784,0.00056040875,0.00045888612,0.16327366,0.0004254161],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000078235644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0057733115,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.16323549,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010931321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016234898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999559},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944432865","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2020.1737575","title":"The gerrymandering jumble: map projections permute districts’ compactness scores","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Mathematical Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Compact space; Convex hull; Proxy (statistics); Projection (relational algebra); Gerrymandering; Regular polygon; Hull; Mathematics; Computer science; Geography; Cartography; Politics; Statistics; Algorithm; Political science; Pure mathematics; Geometry; Engineering","score_opus":0.022295950412628256,"score_gpt":0.28778925294468266,"score_spread":0.2654933025320544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944432865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.74725986,0.005684469,0.087269,0.030086251,0.015898058,0.0076728696,0.00054798723,0.0016282962,0.10395318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99406224,0.0052254987,0.00008448698,0.00033870223,0.00014028979,0.00008025197,0.00003983159,0.0000045097445,0.000024205734],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973586,0.00007642208,0.00042899037,0.00031841206,0.0012887712,0.0005287839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985411,0.00009445518,0.00037239352,0.00030372193,0.0004448786,0.0002434118],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012404392,0.0002062187,0.0001861558,0.0003947028,0.0047933906,0.0021048987,0.0006819123,0.00015199781,0.000007631902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026059579,0.00016122324,0.00015323216,0.0027427466,0.0028441628,0.0023097368,0.00035420564,0.0003905779,0.000007606565],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007388193,0.000069765134,0.24210055,0.0004350442,0.00009996203,0.0000028526265,0.06270291,0.00097580545,0.000029625138,0.6486846,0.0050043883,0.039820615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00062851206,0.000091798815,0.36645937,0.00030221543,0.00011289359,0.00000388685,0.024890268,0.0061099706,0.00007781182,0.020634916,0.57968473,0.0010036435],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010623727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033009207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6280497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005996857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005216353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2958596587","doi":"10.3390/jrfm12030118","title":"Does Fiscal Decentralization Encourage Corruption in Local Governments? Evidence from Indonesia","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","keywords":"Decentralization; Language change; Transparency (behavior); Economics; Panel data; Accountability; Revenue; Local government; Public economics; Business; Development economics; Finance; Political science; Market economy; Econometrics; Public administration","score_opus":0.007187452995938656,"score_gpt":0.24027058842502208,"score_spread":0.23308313542908343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2958596587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8908168,0.00040552582,0.10703106,0.00020116652,0.0009502756,0.000248394,0.0000070391056,0.000006545421,0.00033319695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97848356,0.020821968,0.0002782939,0.00010213582,0.00017067303,0.0000022716163,0.0000017609082,0.0000054897955,0.00013385214],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99833983,0.00014105608,0.000401368,0.00016724903,0.00073076074,0.00021975825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993228,0.00009521073,0.00037572597,0.000086024615,0.000045799297,0.000074478405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006611775,0.000100841986,0.00019580724,0.00007798343,0.0001079312,0.00007283116,0.00015420481,0.00009149459,0.000087489534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00012082165,0.00007294141,0.000054607764,0.00026810172,0.00006630819,0.00068060815,0.000047936104,0.00013978225,0.000012051383],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002145923,0.00008418084,0.86808264,0.000017129156,0.0000061751743,0.000027804175,0.002942487,0.00058712135,0.000014366267,0.0048292885,0.0002307933,0.12296341],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00092114083,0.00008083317,0.9668877,0.0003262748,0.00004294649,4.445203e-7,0.0029145007,0.00038381928,0.000039653853,0.0027297684,0.025543751,0.00012915724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007928119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010034874,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.12283426,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033192104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004278908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29744643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2959840940","doi":"","title":"EU Membership and Budget Allocation Conditionality","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Conditionality; Economics; Political science; Politics","score_opus":0.07069407904906433,"score_gpt":0.36218007553144704,"score_spread":0.2914859964823827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2959840940","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.037986673,0.0011087975,0.00008075827,0.0021307282,0.0008152548,0.0003671033,0.000013809912,0.000122020894,0.9573749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925036,0.0041706623,0.00014483235,0.0006453452,0.00062363344,0.000009645596,0.000009760009,0.000025180216,0.001867359],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974134,0.0008868601,0.00034792133,0.00044183774,0.000499597,0.00041039474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991473,0.00016877797,0.00014353624,0.00019451362,0.00025164304,0.00009425077],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001569347,0.00018235085,0.00022605079,0.00006342452,0.0006901934,0.00006135914,0.00022326603,0.000032328804,0.00012312828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010624597,0.00017260273,0.00003717032,0.00050564844,0.0017642145,0.00030799134,0.00024402491,0.000117455435,0.0002910264],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009875477,0.00031418647,0.038636945,0.00007628525,0.0001989304,0.00012245525,0.09536367,0.000020173786,0.0000665807,0.7691215,0.091352396,0.0046280976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015327425,0.0002589798,0.19014865,0.00018182688,0.00006453313,0.0000033301667,0.085545406,0.000016442744,0.00008356615,0.0039226213,0.71760446,0.00063745485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007965458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009005681,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9555075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019087324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000059763268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7038535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971330309","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2019.1658082","title":"The price of federation: Comparing fiscal equalization in Australia, Canada, Germany and Switzerland","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional & Federal Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Government","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Point (geometry); Economics; Equalization (audio); Compensation (psychology); Payment; Transfer payment; Central government; Value (mathematics); Fiscal federalism; Public economics; Russian federation; Local government; Macroeconomics; Economic policy; Political science; Public administration; Finance; Decentralization; Market economy; Welfare","score_opus":0.057213195034289135,"score_gpt":0.32998780368297614,"score_spread":0.272774608648687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2971330309","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.991866,0.00111038,0.000045699828,0.0043886458,0.00015844508,0.00019815269,8.340314e-7,0.000005924543,0.002225896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954219,0.0011936818,0.000009379788,0.00016987295,0.000055075503,0.0000055720698,0.0000024843025,0.0000025060892,0.0031395296],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99906236,0.000066575274,0.00018991945,0.000113693415,0.0003996661,0.00016777056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956274,0.0002061174,0.00009555258,0.000045125766,0.000064583124,0.000025895964],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002230301,0.00006324603,0.0001342484,0.000010571226,0.00046376986,0.00005448796,0.00005967072,0.000028741579,0.000006765537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007181259,0.000047184178,0.000015349544,0.00010958855,0.00011003966,0.00012641994,0.000029010038,0.000042922085,0.0000016155683],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005835873,0.000027359043,0.8204521,0.00004449439,0.000043282653,0.0000020992657,0.006740808,0.0004300314,0.00005707993,0.15840514,0.013349564,0.00038965998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006779552,0.000045821223,0.8653249,0.00012049436,0.000008304992,0.0000012454188,0.01125405,0.00051544706,0.000075199125,0.0037954035,0.11798032,0.00020082005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.20529018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8174595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6121693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018357378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000987391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80000186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971369129","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-21986-4_13","title":"Higher-Order Fiscal Transfers to Local Governments: An Overview of Worldwide Practices","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Order (exchange); State (computer science); Fiscal union; Fiscal policy; Political science; Economic policy; Economics; Economic system; Macroeconomics; Finance","score_opus":0.07549858101427173,"score_gpt":0.3491938066996454,"score_spread":0.27369522568537363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2971369129","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00013269906,0.00046879094,0.0048484076,0.0029522507,0.0006417595,0.000718299,0.00010064659,0.000055055272,0.9900821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.021596005,0.0052307732,0.00036640497,0.0026021188,0.00025455107,0.000007942979,0.000044229477,0.00005220147,0.9698458],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99701375,0.00006926503,0.00045171613,0.00047616992,0.0016419409,0.00034716903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987505,0.000120677076,0.0004517793,0.00035208612,0.000114172704,0.00021079455],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036131573,0.0002802656,0.00044780833,0.000052217674,0.000108472756,0.00006620548,0.00041126893,0.0003689924,0.008465601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060787992,0.00025909054,0.0001427918,0.00012334241,0.00025474012,0.0005780747,0.000050691182,0.0001852891,0.00039375792],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008409204,0.000077195364,0.0002958503,0.00007524782,0.00005655009,0.0000038172434,0.0007101321,0.000046067064,0.000008626936,0.96904844,0.010784319,0.018809648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002881767,0.00030280868,0.0004248335,0.0002210677,0.00009527976,1.7932048e-7,0.00047110152,0.00001378272,0.000037330497,0.003605477,0.99417275,0.0003672072],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016752493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049871625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9833884,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044018493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029646073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999861},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973013560","doi":"10.3390/jrfm12030143","title":"Fiscal Decentralisation and Economic Growth across Provinces: New Evidence from Vietnam Using a Novel Measurement and Approach","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Endogeneity; Index (typography); Autonomy; Fiscal union; Fiscal policy; Economic policy; Macroeconomics; Development economics; Economic system; Monetary economics; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.03320062696287082,"score_gpt":0.2617370209493052,"score_spread":0.22853639398643436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2973013560","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9043989,0.0016576361,0.092994295,0.00017136167,0.00028285853,0.0003089181,0.000008661299,0.0000050975023,0.0001722788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98250353,0.012256189,0.004891149,0.000064743224,0.00024733008,0.0000012458798,6.59469e-7,0.0000054490647,0.000029720975],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988167,0.000052629846,0.00029932536,0.00019872517,0.00042783213,0.00020476847],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99940556,0.000036160534,0.00033377155,0.00006202277,0.000048711565,0.0001137513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008932533,0.000103933024,0.00019567524,0.000035994497,0.00022575769,0.00017674423,0.0000959667,0.00006238579,0.000008595672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010637843,0.000091467446,0.00003411283,0.00007652077,0.000076947996,0.0006500036,0.00006716054,0.00008805933,0.0000011120561],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003748679,0.00012368553,0.83984905,0.00011290508,0.000050647315,0.000004544849,0.019355264,0.00049055816,0.00013734956,0.017939106,0.0003904798,0.12117153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027708104,0.0002113696,0.9587226,0.0005560548,0.00022379363,0.0000053342046,0.006408235,0.002343306,0.000057956775,0.0055745146,0.022764675,0.00036133287],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028707806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00078299775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.120810196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002526247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010026221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.43397808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981392963","doi":"10.5430/ijfr.v11n1p147","title":"Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in Thailand: A Cross-Region Analysis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Financial Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Panel data; Revenue; Public expenditure; Gross domestic product; Local government; Macroeconomics; Development economics; Public finance; Finance; Market economy; Econometrics; Geography","score_opus":0.033300289000119734,"score_gpt":0.3957217240692464,"score_spread":0.36242143506912666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981392963","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937217,0.00012569537,0.0010483756,0.0014691349,0.0004953959,0.000110316665,0.0000044501635,0.0000031646728,0.003021766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99740326,0.001720892,0.000036287027,0.000064118285,0.00028594318,0.000001578688,0.0000039710976,0.000004079089,0.0004798805],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981073,0.00017770015,0.00034454805,0.00013880093,0.0009867366,0.00024491557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906814,0.00017567359,0.00016319807,0.00005106015,0.00045935085,0.00008254903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015510229,0.00005669432,0.00015586555,0.00052499166,0.00008142995,0.00019675636,0.0003258509,0.00009057363,0.00016467748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007433935,0.00005393576,0.00007945962,0.00046592276,0.00013367081,0.0005914478,0.000050468254,0.00019080921,0.000022029903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018973736,0.00004340166,0.94057184,0.0000026756531,0.000030147503,0.000029116658,0.0012201878,0.00046304625,0.000014827734,0.051795844,0.00039456793,0.0052445936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00073268847,0.0000648959,0.9843452,0.000035720983,0.000009868238,0.0000036753077,0.00011486274,0.0006984632,0.00010577534,0.0037243858,0.010097016,0.00006747833],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018412082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025502902,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04807146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005645911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038575547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27833682},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981625787","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12403","title":"Building capacity in indigenous governance: Comparing the Australian and American experiences","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Indigenous; Bureaucracy; Accountability; Corporate governance; Politics; Government (linguistics); Tribe; Public administration; Political science; Economic growth; Economics; Management; Law","score_opus":0.05856493585208375,"score_gpt":0.32395399279585296,"score_spread":0.26538905694376924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981625787","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914232,0.00002878652,0.00019768294,0.007370654,0.00029460876,0.00018022364,0.0000015046319,0.000007147205,0.0004961974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988836,0.000099857134,0.0003634408,0.00006392871,0.00014657821,0.000003956769,8.6373154e-7,0.0000048897923,0.00043287352],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983073,0.00020524635,0.0004287903,0.00013759146,0.00058691186,0.00033417437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989891,0.00006533304,0.00062314334,0.000096333795,0.00009001795,0.00013603966],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001189941,0.00010033962,0.00019853024,0.000051424875,0.00020479567,0.00029412238,0.00028089064,0.000059037593,0.00008668917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016896271,0.00007910769,0.00004559876,0.0004452924,0.00035866458,0.0010161264,0.000014859524,0.0002178101,0.000003770425],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043228334,0.000108293236,0.88735646,0.000014485067,0.000020581798,0.000016948992,0.041324455,0.00004684086,0.00030537206,0.059418783,0.0005979226,0.010746615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008471442,0.0006617644,0.79975915,0.00012341418,0.000021258445,0.000056866924,0.124047145,0.00004074957,0.0014631809,0.0013931573,0.07125285,0.0003333172],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006386924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017989336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.087597325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020773751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030469318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3225918},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991457208","doi":"10.1108/jeas-03-2019-0029","title":"Information acquisition and funding for public service agencies: imperfect categorizing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of economic and administrative sciences.","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Government (linguistics); Originality; Business; Private information retrieval; Process (computing); Service (business); Perfect information; Value (mathematics); Welfare; Public economics; Economics; Actuarial science; Marketing; Microeconomics; Computer science; Computer security","score_opus":0.06833851986890005,"score_gpt":0.33290917812874116,"score_spread":0.2645706582598411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991457208","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870196,0.00010081198,0.0015271454,0.002004146,0.000331478,0.00016486533,0.000005471748,0.0000036778488,0.00884282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989222,0.00026099727,0.00025661296,0.00038216778,0.00009745285,0.0000014072436,0.0000013012449,0.0000012757351,0.00007653394],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939984,0.000026953598,0.00023394116,0.00006740075,0.000119634125,0.00015224224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936396,0.000108446235,0.0003421716,0.000024239778,0.00007746971,0.00008370592],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001069108,0.000052235686,0.000107707965,0.000059935825,0.00033674302,0.00031748042,0.000090414236,0.000036161837,0.00005953092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006359777,0.000044179676,0.000025207095,0.00009481243,0.00013589028,0.0027548987,0.000013345464,0.00003744396,0.000005484538],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000092939335,0.000028669549,0.071833424,0.000093941395,0.00003932589,7.3316954e-7,0.03325506,0.00014229065,0.0010753525,0.8790464,0.0012761912,0.013115663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0055950335,0.0044727074,0.09010986,0.00033997346,0.00011313825,0.000088991736,0.51632416,0.017545747,0.0028542043,0.061885823,0.29946518,0.0012051513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000041607374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000066007815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8171606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001454438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005201188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.30614707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995877103","doi":"10.1108/ijced-04-2019-0029","title":"How does the quality of public education influence the citizens’ willingness to support it? Evidence from a comparative survey of 27 countries","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of comparative education and development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Microdata (statistics); Willingness to pay; Public opinion; Quality (philosophy); Government (linguistics); Public economics; Politics; Public relations; Economic growth; Business; Political science; Economics; Environmental health; Medicine","score_opus":0.14606884962977246,"score_gpt":0.4342722307477801,"score_spread":0.28820338111800764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995877103","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98419774,0.00034287514,0.0024267286,0.010598344,0.0016315504,0.00029915603,0.00001690387,0.0000022441639,0.00048444985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978227,0.00030953888,0.00048352662,0.00064500084,0.00009209096,0.000010532232,0.00001425506,0.0000022776917,0.0006200609],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99752384,0.00052756356,0.00062229374,0.00012433482,0.0010975467,0.00010443215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99394524,0.001071872,0.0010507471,0.00010399908,0.003756356,0.00007175514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019150132,0.00009626385,0.00024969818,0.000069926085,0.00012908794,0.00019688519,0.00049478613,0.000032236076,0.00010624774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006061792,0.0000554528,0.000033314223,0.00022825468,0.00024149334,0.0006417357,0.00004865504,0.000087589055,0.0000077031345],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018277811,0.0002617412,0.8384114,0.000012170909,0.00012633359,6.8490586e-8,0.13659342,0.000087136,0.00029047008,0.015558434,0.004667694,0.0038083966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015733,0.000043319968,0.9083641,0.00019902884,0.0000064644664,7.342903e-7,0.04185197,0.0000055183104,0.0026470958,0.00055573863,0.046086572,0.000082112674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013005108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027023281,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09474144,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020491664,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003685503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.65379244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003551435","doi":"10.4324/9781351211222-6","title":"United States’ Economic Statecraft toward Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","score_opus":0.016965162856417658,"score_gpt":0.23611232603029594,"score_spread":0.21914716317387828,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3003551435","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00016180042,0.000060365826,0.00019243968,0.0018754303,0.0008433677,0.00027735182,0.00020839424,0.00004890067,0.99633193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0043175993,0.0029249648,0.000015052066,0.0018673714,0.00014160688,0.0000015020304,0.00045208135,0.000025729561,0.9902541],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880123,0.0000152309385,0.00022590588,0.00024550478,0.00042758635,0.00028451625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994693,0.00005046947,0.00015147062,0.00016616296,0.00004942388,0.000113177244],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011118472,0.00016906807,0.00020586781,0.00004466756,0.00010895204,0.00006150609,0.00020710331,0.00017876705,0.008204679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008256765,0.00016649635,0.000048036953,0.000022635164,0.000071479735,0.00009823775,0.000035405094,0.00011598262,0.00058310496],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000063199236,0.0000021264984,0.00010898706,0.000009707178,0.000022690956,0.0000059660706,0.0003796813,0.000297474,5.942007e-8,0.7283138,0.27000755,0.00084563816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010892407,0.000012916149,0.00002194531,0.000019986168,0.000013091711,9.1906365e-8,0.00034049404,0.00012592557,0.0000031677253,0.0058595315,0.9932596,0.00023431914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9102433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.966205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72325206,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016748395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028605063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99270195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3020825701","doi":"10.1257/pol.4.4.199","title":"Spatial Competition and Cross-Border Shopping: Evidence from State Lotteries","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Journal Economic Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Lottery; Competition (biology); Context (archaeology); Economics; State (computer science); Identification (biology); Microeconomics; Advertising; Business; Econometrics; Geography; Computer science","score_opus":0.01727986997022389,"score_gpt":0.37505718673911087,"score_spread":0.35777731676888697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3020825701","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899175,0.00026663058,0.0017510667,0.0031764829,0.00068722054,0.000092137,0.00005826564,0.000025482072,0.0040251887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895467,0.006133702,0.00014934753,0.0011005609,0.002591396,0.000004306595,0.000004502497,0.0000162495,0.00045323043],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986622,0.000116844145,0.00040172745,0.00019512374,0.000081944105,0.0005422013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886966,0.00015679865,0.0005014407,0.0001241614,0.000015750704,0.00033220736],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047054852,0.00014247859,0.00026461665,0.000083467785,0.0004356387,0.00039470822,0.00016281032,0.000038973158,0.001057574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009649285,0.00015564474,0.000064334374,0.0000425444,0.0007830327,0.0018559147,0.000058777307,0.00012591759,0.00029970528],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009355188,0.000030504807,0.87678534,0.0000032872013,0.00007060979,0.000001454316,0.010095697,0.00065937586,0.00006654119,0.0140197985,0.0009321774,0.09724164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006637807,0.00011089289,0.73492163,0.000056201843,0.000026923963,0.000027477223,0.0029700382,0.000623578,0.00014870852,0.0028869384,0.2570317,0.0005320967],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06723516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005046011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25609952,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013706158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005112587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3027146950","doi":"10.5430/ijba.v11n3p83","title":"Euro Zone Budget and its Effects on the European and Monetary Union (EMU) Integration","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Business Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Austerity; Economics; Economic and monetary union; Recession; European union; Convergence (economics); Deficit spending; Politics; Unemployment; Debt; Economic policy; Stability and Growth Pact; International economics; Political science; Finance; Macroeconomics; Member states","score_opus":0.020936842472864568,"score_gpt":0.2676971579496659,"score_spread":0.24676031547680136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3027146950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87718624,0.00024301851,0.028934697,0.088734485,0.0007944234,0.0002182928,0.000007247605,0.000019759203,0.0038618096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969936,0.0008776115,0.00005456786,0.001203651,0.00080699223,9.199189e-7,0.00000961818,0.0000063544376,0.000046704274],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987598,0.0002776105,0.00023622971,0.000099839446,0.00055348256,0.00007302872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909973,0.00014027128,0.00027122244,0.000031236817,0.00038680743,0.00007071564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053195993,0.00007634881,0.00008326682,0.000037764363,0.00012531923,0.00018004177,0.0001462058,0.000031897867,0.0000159137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007327591,0.00005586777,0.000022027505,0.00014232281,0.000049911538,0.00047683463,0.000021513764,0.00010239839,0.000005647047],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013640518,0.0004488805,0.012741942,0.000102655365,0.00024140478,0.0005296671,0.016839826,0.00068902614,0.026037944,0.58483356,0.0063386373,0.34983242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0033432036,0.001546898,0.89446205,0.0008489379,0.00015455183,0.0001247745,0.0029650144,0.0067446716,0.022226436,0.0057930034,0.061161887,0.0006285666],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000163375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028454517,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8817201,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000039302508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069816975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22782217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033147317","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-36725-1_3","title":"The Practice of Real Property Taxation in the World","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Urban sprawl; Revenue; Public economics; Tax revenue; Business; International taxation; Administration (probate law); Tax policy; Property (philosophy); Tax reform; Economics; Finance; Urban planning; Political science; Engineering; Law","score_opus":0.02947408196441757,"score_gpt":0.2941336443646115,"score_spread":0.2646595624001939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3033147317","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000024384785,0.00006330199,0.00006195946,0.020533841,0.00008678513,0.00036513025,0.0000019327674,0.0000100228435,0.97887456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.013318749,0.0037872435,0.00004860994,0.0013913345,0.0001872943,0.000008457151,0.0000064888995,0.000007065269,0.98124474],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99890226,0.00009023251,0.00018986841,0.000106422,0.00062141067,0.00008978453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907625,0.00033000755,0.00039910412,0.000114325725,0.00006515432,0.000015141216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006401524,0.000064135056,0.00008153059,0.00001224502,0.00016502874,0.000052899097,0.00022430105,0.00006797419,0.00012382431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004662528,0.000026780044,0.00003523932,0.00008428087,0.00012951824,0.00014154238,0.000020129868,0.0001279635,0.0000320668],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020170204,0.0000075830535,0.00004532308,0.0000032339267,0.0000044068042,0.0000013283251,0.002135195,0.000001564414,5.2908206e-7,0.9627912,0.028151449,0.0068379873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004568041,0.000016406424,0.00011161083,0.00002069805,0.000012931461,7.134661e-8,0.0011514307,0.000013971387,0.0000031276813,0.008641405,0.9899357,0.00004699537],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003391132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02580227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96178424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007747984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012631636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9919743},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3034079251","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-36725-1_10","title":"Political Economy of Local Government Reform","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Government (linguistics); Political economy; Political science; Local government; Economic system; Economics; Public administration; Philosophy; Law","score_opus":0.019498875838552705,"score_gpt":0.24895188334374554,"score_spread":0.22945300750519285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3034079251","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[8.3014527e-7,0.00003986774,0.004502543,0.0050233845,0.00010474932,0.00015657026,0.000032430074,0.000028668428,0.99011093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.23508708,0.0001154999,0.0001313699,0.0047926856,0.0005080932,0.0000046073415,0.000022522836,0.000031560154,0.75930655],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986313,0.000008748348,0.00028520275,0.0002056462,0.000636458,0.00023265705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949485,0.000024933533,0.00013877546,0.0001246891,0.00003624262,0.00018051581],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009368158,0.00013080414,0.00024337834,0.000008872806,0.000062481085,0.000018078083,0.0001683717,0.00023073053,0.0016354852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011114243,0.00011862469,0.00011743573,0.000016855058,0.00030673604,0.00009089701,0.000060239065,0.000105849824,0.00015002595],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010237441,0.000009623124,0.000011197437,0.000017607714,0.000016977247,0.000002958897,0.00007968896,1.733398e-7,3.1536592e-7,0.9944856,0.0035400006,0.0018255857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008719319,0.00004279461,0.000008644039,0.000026460057,0.000019206118,1.2808445e-7,0.00070474535,0.0000130609615,0.000097165226,0.2387184,0.7601609,0.00012129231],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026677785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020666773,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7566209,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014351928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019561814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992772},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036559601","doi":"","title":"The case of Rotterdam","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"European commission; Diversity (politics); Creativity; Corporate governance; Political science; Cohesion (chemistry); Asset (computer security); Public administration; Regional science; Sociology; Management; Business; European union; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.02405395869920535,"score_gpt":0.2992872615882457,"score_spread":0.27523330288904035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3036559601","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00912462,0.004758271,0.00087727414,0.00066438294,0.0012996404,0.00081014115,0.0015843327,0.00012867982,0.98075265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.25320658,0.0633187,0.00032531095,0.00057911,0.0047674687,0.00002966836,0.004266458,0.0001244401,0.6733823],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985555,0.0001564743,0.00027040343,0.000374864,0.0003046853,0.00033809774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978047,0.00039788883,0.00047282962,0.0011986329,0.00003059155,0.00009536887],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089390646,0.0001801703,0.00024722645,0.000020269938,0.0018549479,0.00028787475,0.0017092644,0.00013197663,0.000008277949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003114489,0.0001306431,0.00004356485,0.00003973228,0.00050021784,0.00030734576,0.00071953924,0.00020106252,0.000006639881],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023896962,0.00010895185,0.008223824,0.0013445007,0.000479081,0.0009431156,0.052771594,0.00015015402,0.000009518062,0.113468125,0.29513207,0.52713007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014720045,0.000021412407,0.00079680374,0.00063178176,0.000098405355,0.000018640834,0.0011618003,0.006576101,7.7093733e-7,0.006096834,0.9842276,0.00022264667],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005164574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0704213,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68909556,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041134164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017532369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083671097","doi":"","title":"Le financement public des parts politiqus en Belgique.","year":2006,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue générale de droit","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Political science; Economics","score_opus":0.016639718646761746,"score_gpt":0.24121874024090995,"score_spread":0.2245790215941482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3083671097","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46476492,0.010830136,0.015538558,0.037633922,0.0013405548,0.0006680097,0.00009912255,0.0001604166,0.46896434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9199031,0.004928268,0.0006116432,0.00046944155,0.0012202215,0.000044441633,0.000048472983,0.000026103957,0.0727483],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99753064,0.00025004477,0.00040256517,0.0003786084,0.00037309263,0.0010650506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991944,0.0000814905,0.00019348819,0.0002532925,0.00009168019,0.00018563529],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005621875,0.0001599392,0.00026165042,0.000047442987,0.0005063607,0.00016507531,0.00029440515,0.00027736946,0.00038409396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011444816,0.00026331085,0.00015402367,0.0005797385,0.00046986085,0.0006759195,0.000061164676,0.00016279267,0.00026644126],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000061871897,0.00032411248,0.027597137,0.00010911922,0.0000131768575,0.000038514863,0.0012870883,0.00023707341,0.000034366632,0.94754833,0.009651979,0.013152913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004592607,0.0000864545,0.056737658,0.0002368783,0.00003700484,0.00001515504,0.0006043811,0.0003966996,0.0005234892,0.37800798,0.5625164,0.00037867486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011568316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0072779227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5695404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012814457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052287674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W308700361","doi":"","title":"Cities, Autonomy, and Decentralization in Japan","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Town Planning Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Redistribution (election); Local government; Autonomy; Context (archaeology); Central government; Debt; Economics; Government (linguistics); Political science; Economic growth; Public administration; Economic policy; Politics; Finance; Geography","score_opus":0.02858878682327558,"score_gpt":0.33910326104411914,"score_spread":0.31051447422084355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W308700361","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.53080255,0.29797372,0.010778816,0.0049901637,0.0006339733,0.0018080123,0.0000070037704,0.00025931234,0.15274644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9212119,0.073992446,0.0003127047,0.002875208,0.000108017026,0.000008441278,0.000027014388,0.000008823219,0.0014554186],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991934,0.000040011313,0.00021264589,0.000121378296,0.00019442236,0.00023817056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997364,0.00005360017,0.0000702105,0.000059544283,0.00001750102,0.000062696854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009270635,0.000060729064,0.0001301472,0.000029268596,0.0001021546,0.00002830956,0.00006533255,0.00004389424,0.00015413879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017670832,0.00005866673,0.000015816668,0.0002742827,0.000050545135,0.00017426777,0.000013000681,0.00004841014,0.000007492614],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000096573585,0.000035627207,0.7780677,0.0004458147,0.0000053217564,0.000015181209,0.008373791,0.00001814076,0.000007738672,0.06443476,0.009056342,0.13952993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014410072,0.000012508888,0.17615823,0.0022480385,0.000011493053,0.0000011852586,0.00041182208,0.00003152901,0.000008523514,0.0003798152,0.8204669,0.00012589515],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045096103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002132888,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8114105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014862201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008014384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23923598},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3092428867","doi":"10.1108/jpbafm-04-2020-0044","title":"Unrecognized assets created by public-sector investments in health and social services","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting & Financial Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Intangible asset; Business; Public sector; Book value; Government (linguistics); Asset (computer security); Finance; Capital asset; Assets under management; Accounting; Fixed asset; Economics","score_opus":0.031145519170921246,"score_gpt":0.2734041193060995,"score_spread":0.24225860013517825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3092428867","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9379698,0.0009118171,0.0010714023,0.055428807,0.00051079073,0.0005122768,0.000011525083,0.00007335693,0.0035102076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98931736,0.00078856706,0.0006022409,0.008660822,0.00049561175,0.0000071545805,0.000020935904,0.000019908171,0.00008738232],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968425,0.00036668795,0.00089800265,0.00028192764,0.000967457,0.0006433963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981919,0.00006308815,0.0011964365,0.00006239416,0.0002272794,0.0002589285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030884184,0.00018036766,0.000396715,0.00019029388,0.0005649474,0.00064229476,0.00039644548,0.0001186365,0.000042008705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006066206,0.00018341305,0.000094451054,0.0009461012,0.00008665819,0.0012476501,0.00015236103,0.00027314504,0.0000063472294],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021556723,0.0007313486,0.6884286,0.0014499581,0.00018702459,0.000071437804,0.032861345,0.000019423695,0.00011640391,0.05005601,0.04557314,0.18028973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032503437,0.00019163407,0.08133873,0.00031302357,0.000034735607,0.0000016077961,0.010507452,0.0003178474,0.000013120339,0.0008671443,0.90275013,0.0004141943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00057641236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024213459,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.857177,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003861663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034538403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7479367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094624560","doi":"10.33774/apsa-2020-bpg3q","title":"Divide-the-Quarter: Testing Distributive Politics Theories in the States Using Federal Opportunity Zones","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential system; Politics; Quarter (Canadian coin); Test (biology); Political science; Distributive property; Work (physics); Resource (disambiguation); Set (abstract data type); Population; Public economics; Economics; Political economy; Sociology; Geography; Law","score_opus":0.10143863965388009,"score_gpt":0.3423043359657038,"score_spread":0.24086569631182372,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3094624560","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73435014,0.00032429173,0.14694919,0.0691232,0.0012606616,0.0022503661,0.00061830226,0.00027361524,0.04485023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99758637,0.00016294829,0.00013981941,0.0015223933,0.00036163276,0.000017422077,0.000082246974,0.000008251162,0.000118899436],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977612,0.0005831982,0.00032008713,0.00026726627,0.00064499374,0.0004232901],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860793,0.0007670113,0.00021884529,0.0002060925,0.00011318859,0.00008694305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093668065,0.0001825332,0.00020937836,0.000015622525,0.0010017618,0.00057485333,0.00051556533,0.00013295142,0.000048722635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015214279,0.00011177007,0.00007247594,0.00029169116,0.0004134692,0.00016297496,0.00029108426,0.0003926698,0.0000039924194],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012143167,0.000100301375,0.11883705,0.00005963367,0.00003176475,0.000023834964,0.075124174,0.0009667377,0.0000031241552,0.80018604,0.0025016228,0.0021535752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013023906,0.00003474833,0.025779031,0.00011591544,0.000041686195,9.001035e-7,0.059839092,0.0023716625,0.000036289708,0.9062408,0.0050897086,0.0003199218],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014405372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024451183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26323625,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025961507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005766172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9921578},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3107422079","doi":"","title":"Legislative Libraries in a Consensus Government: Familiarity within the Distinct","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian parliamentary review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Government (linguistics); Business; Public administration; Political science; Public economics; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.04009477847440439,"score_gpt":0.26686758221104245,"score_spread":0.22677280373663805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3107422079","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.052098542,0.13620079,0.00012523739,0.5408034,0.00088035833,0.005180472,0.00080288964,0.00011665158,0.26379168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91365767,0.014775769,0.00006463784,0.07095108,0.00014054302,0.000049390834,0.00002592352,0.000011975485,0.0003230029],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99846375,0.00028877653,0.0002865844,0.00022024217,0.00042533668,0.00031530773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930376,0.00008981136,0.00011248479,0.00013881376,0.00001559656,0.00033953425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038662727,0.000116935764,0.00021159597,0.000007891064,0.00028813796,0.00006645146,0.0002710154,0.00004088661,0.00046339812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004106996,0.00009168344,0.00005437235,0.0005086427,0.00027431967,0.00017972493,0.000027062464,0.00014936675,0.00006601924],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000040895044,0.000051371062,0.39919862,0.00060864445,0.000062395244,0.0001867303,0.02557538,0.000022162827,0.000002881781,0.18133764,0.37119207,0.021721216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016165817,0.000023524088,0.008052114,0.00052128965,0.000029333012,5.227072e-7,0.0030525315,0.000094570896,0.000005481959,0.00057033956,0.98732996,0.00015864916],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.29452637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7614379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86155915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056896155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073649135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.71017146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110441315","doi":"10.5430/ijba.v11n6p74","title":"EU Programmes’ Financial Support to SMEs: Reducing the Differences Under the View of Funding the Innovation and Key Technologies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Business Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Loan; Finance; Business; Production (economics); European union; Economics; Economic policy; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.056621019187022496,"score_gpt":0.33008486519595304,"score_spread":0.27346384600893053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3110441315","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6725645,0.00013871424,0.023569709,0.30229726,0.00063463376,0.0003018245,0.0000056028016,0.000017703382,0.00047005393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99806726,0.00032270118,0.00012782919,0.0011336261,0.00031428452,0.0000064434184,0.0000029935813,0.0000031675572,0.000021711203],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986795,0.00006127526,0.00040884534,0.00008391476,0.0006679926,0.00009845047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985542,0.000119734876,0.00050937757,0.000057435027,0.000740663,0.000018548983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006288104,0.000067264475,0.00009945129,0.000045508194,0.00023069268,0.00020979349,0.00042197263,0.00004579303,0.000018046047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011349416,0.000034428504,0.000027728234,0.0006902189,0.0002139607,0.00032122666,0.00004724152,0.00010831753,9.449763e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003188697,0.00013214338,0.018120613,0.00003494019,0.00009195443,0.000010109392,0.017530227,0.0005069109,0.0017076994,0.778177,0.0031316937,0.18023784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013951615,0.0011783371,0.60887223,0.0007712993,0.00018617895,0.00009190589,0.09184366,0.00085299346,0.0078112856,0.042142957,0.2443194,0.00053456187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005337719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010205583,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73603404,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004991544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038141158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20230435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3120418290","doi":"","title":"The Effects of Grants and the Marginal Cost of Public Funds: Evidence from Brazilian States","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Graduate Education; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Proxy (statistics); Revenue; Economics; Index (typography); Public economics; Panel data; Public fund; Federal funds; Tax revenue; Public spending; Demographic economics; Econometrics; Monetary economics; Finance; Political science; Monetary policy; Statistics","score_opus":0.12125390877262293,"score_gpt":0.41892595153111356,"score_spread":0.29767204275849063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3120418290","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9419324,0.019121824,0.0026823403,0.034328472,0.00035594005,0.0013912028,0.000072061,0.00002118713,0.00009456597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96818006,0.030411446,0.0008901057,0.000013619442,0.000057710124,0.000041171294,0.0000020935784,0.0000070837837,0.00039668533],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99211687,0.00083677884,0.0005135553,0.0007011855,0.0043582805,0.0014733197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99134016,0.0052433563,0.0002745944,0.00034080018,0.0021843547,0.00061670586],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03998396,0.00014863884,0.0003784643,0.000375651,0.006148222,0.0018249163,0.0019472688,0.000116247946,0.000006886904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.016425148,0.00008928721,0.00013107783,0.009071783,0.094681844,0.00067769,0.00075339945,0.000808249,9.250418e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013273144,0.00047355203,0.137593,0.0014357084,0.0005256848,0.000013480867,0.05157328,0.00014892721,0.04363237,0.29190305,0.07134105,0.40003258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005831079,0.006549352,0.027540172,0.0021279375,0.00006596525,0.00002061177,0.47201014,0.07519713,0.014914552,0.12682153,0.2680699,0.0008516442],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012133877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002921685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.42043686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014950726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011181337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992113},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121190949","doi":"","title":"MAINTAINING TAXES AT THE CENTRE DESPITE DECENTRALIZATION : INTERACTIONS WITH NATIONAL REFORMS","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Demise; Economics; Public economics; Central government; Administration (probate law); Government (linguistics); Power (physics); Relevance (law); Economic policy; Local government; Political science; Public administration; Market economy","score_opus":0.044502339126538774,"score_gpt":0.33623366035859137,"score_spread":0.2917313212320526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121190949","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2904471,0.00009811189,0.00015394537,0.004326297,0.00078291714,0.001688442,0.00012810586,0.00007978979,0.7022953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96859705,0.01095299,0.00022032684,0.0002254472,0.00033583882,0.00013746641,0.00017832752,0.000039368642,0.019313185],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973916,0.00034985328,0.00038019242,0.000516702,0.0006876222,0.0006740318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987285,0.00028446576,0.00026336312,0.0003439015,0.00024916336,0.00013061018],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016850968,0.00018505008,0.00020060342,0.00015605771,0.0008313745,0.00021327997,0.00049107743,0.00021601349,0.00064976624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004737495,0.00014074595,0.00008187437,0.00019830497,0.0005272325,0.00028547636,0.00044995637,0.0006692983,0.000025935415],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010421197,0.00068710814,0.27354836,0.00014267217,0.00039012864,0.00004327,0.053533908,0.07195615,0.000053790634,0.40480757,0.004703388,0.18909153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010381843,0.000093878945,0.03222,0.0006979535,0.000032397667,0.000007016138,0.021949783,0.0056281644,0.0003218939,0.028547777,0.9085781,0.0008848582],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012597298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.053150006,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9038747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004284426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00095569505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99953794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121248052","doi":"","title":"The Political Geography of Tax H(E)Avens and Tax Hells","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Public economics; Population; Tax reform; Indirect tax; Ad valorem tax; Politics; Value-added tax; Tax policy; Geography; Political science; Demography; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.006089472198152473,"score_gpt":0.25577036924026425,"score_spread":0.24968089704211177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121248052","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9321462,0.008114272,0.00971047,0.021647763,0.00037645205,0.00025971697,0.000006460683,0.000024651741,0.027714016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.965224,0.03303886,0.00000982253,0.0001394306,0.00018999018,9.923945e-7,3.505053e-7,0.000004302654,0.0013922361],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99785435,0.000097699856,0.00016077758,0.00007808893,0.00036537612,0.0014437055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962485,0.00007169995,0.000096509684,0.00006279362,0.000056536246,0.00008761385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00098734,0.00005646585,0.000079655685,0.00002574983,0.00053242303,0.00005617505,0.00014213515,0.00004894495,0.000015781912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000104688006,0.000039723833,0.000058840993,0.00018141088,0.0002611945,0.00012122284,0.000014732274,0.00033360595,0.0000034488492],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018439685,0.00002143722,0.05021251,7.0218493e-7,0.000020258114,9.895726e-7,0.0001584737,0.0000012975581,0.000021380447,0.9409428,0.00014899753,0.008452693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004192561,0.00020611032,0.013012507,0.00001536869,0.000028803266,0.000050319475,0.0109464,0.00002377732,0.0000966757,0.8596376,0.11544626,0.0001168847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00092639535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005146938,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.115297265,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023475346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060378667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.40950212},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121342163","doi":"10.3386/w18126","title":"Decentralisation in Africa and the Nature of Local Governments' Competition: Evidence from Benin","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Princeton University","keywords":"Decentralization; Competition (biology); Political science; Development economics; Geography; Political economy; Economics; Biology; Ecology; Law","score_opus":0.2915710074854701,"score_gpt":0.4792173325406785,"score_spread":0.1876463250552084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121342163","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.051265325,0.037672274,0.0004343317,0.009859535,0.0018793073,0.0027841982,0.00065511273,0.000020086136,0.89542985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807199,0.017694557,0.000048417463,0.000016436414,0.00045181625,0.0000345498,0.000121555095,0.000009104003,0.0009036566],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.995406,0.00056436984,0.0005602115,0.00027258202,0.0028863735,0.00031046284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996257,0.0024845342,0.00041318004,0.00015578856,0.00062302925,0.000066462635],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0072766203,0.00011171533,0.0003299433,0.00012814792,0.00014073288,0.000044275293,0.00035951778,0.00044121782,0.0005317336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018996167,0.00009366711,0.000076074786,0.00022662697,0.0011422954,0.00036826712,0.00010922529,0.0005215496,0.000012255209],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024493097,0.00008141572,0.02058064,0.00006610629,0.000056676523,6.817912e-7,0.002501015,0.00018220693,0.000014320366,0.96227247,0.01232239,0.001677178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0039324746,0.00012680817,0.1272099,0.00233274,0.00010531828,0.0000027586398,0.007698699,0.0013224072,0.0007987259,0.6345841,0.22123894,0.0006471176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019639183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054591326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92945457,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002678866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019242011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9868891},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121418674","doi":"","title":"Communication in Federal Politics: Universalism, Policy Uniformity, and the Optimal Allocation of Fiscal Authority","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Universalism; Incentive; Legislature; Politics; Economics; Public economics; Microeconomics; Law and economics; Political science; Law; Market economy","score_opus":0.006766333871862126,"score_gpt":0.2757844721929607,"score_spread":0.26901813832109855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121418674","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9766919,0.00021142617,0.002440081,0.014896543,0.00006825996,0.00014592713,0.0000015227419,0.000008950149,0.0055353795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949259,0.0043739555,0.00007453887,0.00006662869,0.00012849153,0.0000011622291,0.0000025908453,0.0000037219093,0.00042296582],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986325,0.00023468255,0.00018086386,0.00006602558,0.00025721668,0.00062873785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995776,0.00008047513,0.00014021563,0.00010193112,0.000056752036,0.00004305591],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002292503,0.000054433964,0.00009366974,0.000054462816,0.000432539,0.000056487395,0.0002326722,0.00008075257,0.000009240699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023230452,0.000042683332,0.000033214827,0.00020175395,0.00040962937,0.0003051998,0.000037250786,0.0007720571,8.506909e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031511867,0.000028012802,0.019454908,0.0000012059411,0.0000072890343,9.817217e-8,0.0027954835,0.000014164104,0.00002148005,0.9756655,0.000016064667,0.0019642788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023627838,0.0000744791,0.055682436,0.00001938095,0.000017226022,0.000022212775,0.021311456,0.0012390612,0.00008281461,0.914738,0.004311881,0.00013827792],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013428122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.047567457,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.060927514,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003925474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001296701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99314153},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121532924","doi":"","title":"Sharing the blame? Local electoral accountability and centralized school finance in California","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Blame; Local government; Context (archaeology); Politics; Public administration; Political science; Government (linguistics); Business; Finance; Economics; Social psychology; Psychology; Geography; Law","score_opus":0.028678909647148892,"score_gpt":0.3394836716678965,"score_spread":0.3108047620207476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121532924","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809049,0.00044369962,0.000027297992,0.0013211075,0.00018776601,0.0010802491,0.000034102446,0.000026448513,0.015974434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698266,0.029309575,0.00007136656,0.00017947248,0.00014930556,0.00008377072,0.000017091197,0.000016500713,0.0003463678],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968447,0.00043420357,0.0005295546,0.0007837874,0.0004598407,0.00094787707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988644,0.00025593556,0.00014629956,0.0005381234,0.000068228444,0.00012698185],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033690957,0.00020965726,0.0003783256,0.000116149604,0.00032388733,0.0003269097,0.0007314687,0.000403902,0.0000833382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006832963,0.00019241153,0.00007915074,0.00025624674,0.00070678105,0.00019733167,0.00051790103,0.0013261499,0.0000092048995],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034788583,0.00029229192,0.6809102,0.0001117565,0.000024901648,0.000020992764,0.0039049718,0.014086475,0.000016626249,0.007921625,0.00022488646,0.29213735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0023175986,0.000112764195,0.73987126,0.0007530821,0.000017180993,0.0000025499571,0.0066505778,0.043949507,0.00012093187,0.045715757,0.1592818,0.0012069663],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006810733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.041316207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2909304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028235218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009086153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999803},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121555777","doi":"","title":"User Fee Design by Canadian Municipalities: Considerations Arising from the Case Law","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"User fee; Devolution (biology); Principal (computer security); Business; Politics; Interpretation (philosophy); Key (lock); Public administration; Public economics; Political science; Law and economics; Law; Economics; Computer science; Computer security","score_opus":0.026818834953244157,"score_gpt":0.2255155500307092,"score_spread":0.19869671507746503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121555777","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33793476,0.0029944151,0.016338527,0.5035803,0.0072608753,0.0024333787,0.005964256,0.00015305929,0.12334046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781313,0.00012203716,0.000472269,0.0120214475,0.0009590298,0.000018666873,0.000055129334,0.00003886462,0.00818129],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99685305,0.00074128,0.00042496875,0.0003143582,0.00020153566,0.0014647961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995298,0.0007022013,0.00020092631,0.00042057672,0.00022493415,0.0031533088],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014485773,0.00022661928,0.0002563318,0.00012445524,0.0048964517,0.0008124694,0.00043307853,0.00025792065,0.0015824186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013347644,0.00021596569,0.000097642616,0.00034646617,0.00039110694,0.0004793587,0.000014378078,0.0005021933,0.000048556612],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000036394956,0.000010129795,0.0026084178,0.0000038137914,0.00005954204,0.0017243412,0.025116812,0.00062275946,0.000009523228,0.17540744,0.792695,0.0017386081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00029176645,0.000029180886,0.00031044162,0.0000618813,0.00005693559,0.00040922384,0.010515752,0.0004920138,0.000018550818,0.013144919,0.97433126,0.00033804844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99894476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999859,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6401965,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0031194692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024875237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121689321","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.385246","title":"Polarization: Concepts, Measurement, Estimation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Estimation; Computer science; Econometrics; Mathematics; Engineering; Systems engineering","score_opus":0.017727652917063914,"score_gpt":0.28692387632798355,"score_spread":0.26919622341091964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121689321","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.022106338,0.0036526157,0.9080609,0.0020388435,0.000788929,0.0002898345,9.944171e-7,0.00008284386,0.06297868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99467593,0.002458976,0.00015451771,0.0001512528,0.00012780522,0.0000020702578,0.0000016361888,0.0000074287254,0.0024203612],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99764866,0.00021276783,0.0001690361,0.000101435486,0.0007522879,0.0011158247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957347,0.000013010064,0.00012650769,0.000062681516,0.00015785551,0.00006645498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027141448,0.00006867348,0.000072672374,0.000031254018,0.0006080469,0.00009074397,0.00011083043,0.000060991395,0.00013495787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055158685,0.0000668712,0.000043334654,0.00025301968,0.00005664677,0.00041012376,0.0000036587187,0.00034996105,0.000043866516],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000044264857,0.000025482495,0.004071661,8.164943e-7,0.000015011049,3.4152953e-7,0.00047686638,0.000086784275,0.00006863319,0.98590827,0.00020105195,0.009140672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010418949,0.0001458351,0.001197136,0.00002855207,0.00004513155,0.000031378648,0.008938933,0.00019093644,0.00046554164,0.78070194,0.20691894,0.0002937752],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012277946,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013540585,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9725696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017858876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028785698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5106459},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121779459","doi":"","title":"Regional Competition, Business Politicians, and Subnational Fiscal Policy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Tax competition; Competition (biology); Context (archaeology); Economics; Investment (military); Fiscal policy; Tax policy; Public economics; Market economy; Business; Economic policy; Tax reform; Politics; Political science; Indirect tax; Monetary economics","score_opus":0.010264495476511397,"score_gpt":0.27868616443412286,"score_spread":0.2684216689576115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121779459","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66324675,0.0021695956,0.0795902,0.17589298,0.0010525087,0.00039387943,0.000021278549,0.00013692345,0.07749589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98869425,0.004507049,0.00004364396,0.0010911587,0.0030527662,0.0000015055301,0.000007610224,0.000007218289,0.002594786],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99800324,0.00008350245,0.00015105697,0.00012047218,0.0004785427,0.0011631536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995131,0.000032451677,0.00008697796,0.00004718384,0.00022736179,0.0000929193],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007135626,0.00007321334,0.000078457204,0.00007624378,0.00079223595,0.00009044052,0.00012217394,0.00006472307,0.00009020289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017865784,0.00006979188,0.00002782912,0.00034855618,0.00037143112,0.00031448263,0.000015288797,0.00025891647,0.000027685937],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001629129,0.000026174459,0.008453616,0.0000010665999,0.000011845034,4.8164475e-7,0.00048568545,0.0000011630176,0.0000129835735,0.98783416,0.00072090904,0.0024356132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046288717,0.00008479698,0.06830532,0.000019315776,0.000010635105,0.000071026014,0.0024591538,0.000026664278,0.00001254305,0.784209,0.14420322,0.00013540893],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001229038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0065298923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32544753,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009684085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026022806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60933185},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121832396","doi":"","title":"The organization of political parties and the politics of bureaucratic reform","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Bureaucracy; Politics; Incentive; Public sector; Argument (complex analysis); Public administration; Political science; Business; Political economy; Economics; Market economy; Law","score_opus":0.023628079240614542,"score_gpt":0.3160480880344488,"score_spread":0.29242000879383423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121832396","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89963204,0.0002363428,0.000008659409,0.0057231593,0.00019982684,0.0008515417,0.000017692251,0.000009458854,0.0933213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9820959,0.016304048,0.000023052331,0.000040604253,0.00008915867,0.000027141752,0.0000065605072,0.000010064878,0.0014034758],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983255,0.00034238538,0.00042345887,0.00016918541,0.00033348403,0.00040596898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984749,0.00071943545,0.00018445887,0.00032390907,0.00022849308,0.00006881251],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017039179,0.000082802326,0.00022496421,0.00004368088,0.0003278239,0.00009521567,0.00034972516,0.0001737197,0.000020999445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017473008,0.00005208118,0.00004010882,0.00011126317,0.0022170935,0.000069832364,0.00033176062,0.00028990404,0.0000010903075],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012839143,0.00002291144,0.010521196,0.00005241046,0.00001822826,1.4927197e-7,0.0027557279,0.00006958231,0.000004045816,0.9833837,0.000031793985,0.0031274112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024499362,0.00017184076,0.10424005,0.00062817935,0.0000771053,0.0000021808705,0.1211175,0.0094391005,0.0015668795,0.7288458,0.030798992,0.0006624628],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0052057095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001158472,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25453794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005620106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005117005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81689733},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121913983","doi":"10.1177/1091142116679728","title":"The Politics of Checkbook Federalism","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Fiscal federalism; Politics; Context (archaeology); Economics; Constitution; Revenue; Public economics; Political science; Decentralization; Law; Finance; Geography; Market economy","score_opus":0.03138046514157087,"score_gpt":0.3051683766290523,"score_spread":0.2737879114874814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3121913983","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00360618,0.45246813,0.0036963674,0.39787844,0.0008399823,0.0013576017,0.00003207962,0.00010183603,0.14001939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12955244,0.8514338,0.000052809537,0.0015861999,0.000109201865,0.000034505618,0.0000010735633,0.0000059790473,0.017223978],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988616,0.00010692596,0.0002521605,0.00010787501,0.00036177333,0.00030968385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999308,0.0001284626,0.00018179597,0.00021052612,0.00012995515,0.000041294777],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007813877,0.00006043669,0.0001477801,0.000007673745,0.0003887268,0.00003374746,0.00027686593,0.000035291534,0.00009786982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009833775,0.000031093306,0.00007081661,0.00022842326,0.00026288367,0.00023852692,0.000028761528,0.000027919275,0.000058033533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[3.6034967e-7,0.000010213117,0.000674512,0.0000651484,0.0000023849336,1.7378329e-7,0.0000527358,8.924833e-9,0.0000026867426,0.8465334,0.030267278,0.12239108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006778297,0.0000074360746,0.0010840682,0.000707398,0.0000053115064,2.3130526e-7,0.000013925697,4.912676e-7,0.0000296175,0.0055455365,0.9924851,0.00005306538],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000104785395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000087947716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.96221787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000098861216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022941419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.29898116},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122100882","doi":"","title":"Jati, Local Public Goods and Village Governance: Private Actions and Public Outcomes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Public good; Corporate governance; Business; Private good; Local governance; Public economics; Public administration; Economics; Finance; Political science; Microeconomics","score_opus":0.16213664451058823,"score_gpt":0.39268798250057035,"score_spread":0.23055133798998212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122100882","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6522727,0.000025073263,0.0001695736,0.051037602,0.00013878975,0.0011109426,0.00010088755,0.000042533014,0.2951019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.916414,0.0006119909,0.000109467954,0.00013364105,0.000029988376,0.0000022345066,0.000021915006,0.0000063131315,0.082670435],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99750686,0.00028953268,0.000120058256,0.00035801952,0.001240647,0.0004848739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989406,0.00022465616,0.000073867865,0.00013106759,0.0003499174,0.00027989675],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010453669,0.00009750993,0.00014169278,0.00016173377,0.0008478729,0.000663306,0.0005513469,0.00012226864,0.0007758138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035379612,0.0001021681,0.000031056938,0.0011564159,0.00056161836,0.002579378,0.00039630296,0.00022469985,0.00008312273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016860968,0.000060835864,0.14812943,0.000007754166,0.00002358904,0.0000067605743,0.00024077021,0.0000026012667,0.000032272827,0.8430899,0.006822579,0.0015666827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000759548,0.00005378417,0.15361105,0.000015452531,0.000004054641,0.0000010114891,0.004580989,0.00003459333,0.00004024186,0.004417823,0.8363311,0.00015028912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025199337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023859413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83867204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000596466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052572077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.84946173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122156489","doi":"","title":"The Interregional Incidence of Public Budgets in Federations: Measurement Issues, Evidence from Canada, and Policy Relevance","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Public economics; Relevance (law); Government (linguistics); Economics; Section (typography); Fiscal policy; Fiscal federalism; Macroeconomics; Political science; Business; Geography; Law","score_opus":0.08145877841963595,"score_gpt":0.3602787911004499,"score_spread":0.27882001268081397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122156489","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9218367,0.012022594,0.00003929366,0.052721325,0.0005142343,0.0014071262,0.00005861389,0.00001735058,0.011382779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84165764,0.15742336,0.00010107912,0.00010775482,0.00021249961,0.00008065743,0.0000054987268,0.000008711247,0.00040278127],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99683815,0.00060249964,0.0005649833,0.00047301114,0.0010034608,0.00051789836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997964,0.0010430983,0.00023137733,0.0003846729,0.0002583036,0.000118547534],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037997705,0.0001362508,0.00024016103,0.000118955744,0.0003610359,0.00024521607,0.00062689604,0.00016897735,0.000016200187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008478272,0.00012922114,0.00003470505,0.00018551231,0.00052258075,0.00027535326,0.00045890023,0.000551534,7.550604e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000107547436,0.00015593565,0.24538212,0.000084905034,0.0000593598,0.000014553081,0.009119463,0.005166447,0.00008208773,0.019754766,0.0012762418,0.7187966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006594449,0.00006944982,0.68052495,0.0027794803,0.000007988976,0.0000010262765,0.008864696,0.0075052427,0.00020800477,0.020216312,0.2784651,0.0006983299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.81069505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99436057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7180982,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0055349115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007605762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987376},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122176830","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Policy, Regional Disparity and Poverty in China: a General Equilibrium Approach","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Agency for International Development; International Development Research Centre; Government of Canada; United States Agency for International Development","keywords":"Computable general equilibrium; Economics; China; Fiscal policy; General equilibrium theory; Poverty; Transfer payment; Government (linguistics); Poverty reduction; Dimension (graph theory); Tax policy; Macroeconomics; Public economics; Welfare; Tax reform; Economic growth; Geography","score_opus":0.03285474999164807,"score_gpt":0.33259202055004805,"score_spread":0.2997372705584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122176830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8590129,0.00006631385,0.000011739474,0.0035542245,0.00022018953,0.0006565329,0.00004294451,0.000023118284,0.13641204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844025,0.010833108,0.00064780936,0.00028749043,0.00081134104,0.00011705177,0.00007387768,0.000029367131,0.0027974902],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971387,0.00037429383,0.00039875024,0.00076000916,0.00048813978,0.0008401323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990532,0.00015790835,0.00012400321,0.00041114268,0.00003103905,0.00022272723],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018494487,0.00020344146,0.0003668424,0.000250473,0.00018097645,0.00022830488,0.00051285065,0.0006983173,0.00003444201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068333367,0.0002137701,0.000086654756,0.00021154276,0.00068210386,0.00020661588,0.0008675502,0.0015768094,0.0000019559182],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046846824,0.0011289229,0.7335505,0.00034099052,0.00006405579,0.000038950275,0.011064497,0.010389077,0.00014465304,0.13327573,0.0019634175,0.10757076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015380022,0.00006762915,0.81445754,0.00016091349,0.000007434486,0.000005715919,0.0012285485,0.071165666,0.000034992405,0.04243196,0.06800773,0.0008938812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0123873595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012660199,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13361456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012235946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009412645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99418926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122184832","doi":"","title":"Interregional Redistribution and Mobility in Federations: A Positive Approach","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Voting; Per capita; Economics; Population; Politics; Constitution; Demographic economics; Development economics; Political science; Sociology; Demography","score_opus":0.00901591358449032,"score_gpt":0.2652572614103645,"score_spread":0.25624134782587416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122184832","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.66792226,0.0013325749,0.31873444,0.0049177743,0.00011307361,0.0003069718,0.000005033043,0.000022775495,0.00664511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997779,0.0018965214,0.00006519264,0.00006720105,0.00009578914,0.0000050294607,0.00000986902,0.0000024868575,0.000078921104],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987679,0.00008114271,0.00013639651,0.00011534419,0.00022861481,0.0006706137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998126,0.000014218235,0.000057735615,0.00003214839,0.000042226664,0.000041092],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010448091,0.000051951083,0.000064627806,0.000028350627,0.00035418218,0.000073579184,0.000059917453,0.000054411536,0.0000033456465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010279368,0.000049468923,0.0000248197,0.00015528427,0.00009410208,0.00032088096,0.000010187062,0.00040207643,0.0000016066509],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022480117,0.00013895384,0.0022884225,9.2209643e-7,0.0000064479027,7.731649e-7,0.001627988,0.00009110492,0.000016780165,0.9932034,0.000012585194,0.0025901643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009597754,0.00013143316,0.022231828,0.000027994634,0.000008095404,0.000042780404,0.01644124,0.00014609493,0.00003137587,0.9591956,0.00066410156,0.000119639175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00074480724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006628991,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.32985672,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002440098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013506762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63807714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122347418","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5850.2008.00914.x","title":"Subnational Taxes in Developing Countries: The Way Forward","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Budgeting &amp Finance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":143,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Developing country; Payroll; Economics; Revenue; Public economics; Value (mathematics); Tax revenue; Government revenue; Politics; Value-added tax; Argument (complex analysis); Business; Market economy; Economic growth; Finance; Political science","score_opus":0.038692411892378764,"score_gpt":0.27940556039205977,"score_spread":0.240713148499681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122347418","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83243966,0.0008313869,0.020190982,0.11191789,0.0007327531,0.0005020426,0.000020348338,0.00013541267,0.03322955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884828,0.00418718,0.0010927534,0.002353412,0.00019942533,0.0000487762,0.000013046934,0.000009719623,0.0036129272],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982625,0.000116466195,0.00026889023,0.00022837707,0.0006555312,0.0004682333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925095,0.00025672754,0.0001568621,0.00013843656,0.00016366519,0.000033340435],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011187822,0.0001004849,0.00012156382,0.000050728522,0.0010134184,0.00010601918,0.00033782126,0.00008435091,0.000065703745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011989893,0.00008359915,0.00003781879,0.00073958165,0.00030230256,0.0005134899,0.000048328227,0.000117507276,0.000075967255],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000074200316,0.000031398627,0.18736328,0.000008659884,0.000004073706,0.0000035447758,0.010142851,0.00009636738,0.0000023632263,0.78104514,0.01884929,0.0024456463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015714248,0.0000035774788,0.10582295,0.000024778157,9.551699e-7,0.0000014874332,0.0002780604,0.00008109735,0.00002098394,0.0015766635,0.8919117,0.000120637254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00088989886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034693289,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8730624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032266916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004976417,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77944976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W312237236","doi":"","title":"Regionalism Revisited: The Effort to Streamline Governance in Buffalo and Erie County, New York","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Albany law review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Census; Population; Workforce; State (computer science); Economy; Geography; Economic history; Agricultural economics; Political science; History; Law; Economics; Demography; Sociology","score_opus":0.03421935307919307,"score_gpt":0.28963428321019785,"score_spread":0.2554149301310048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W312237236","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.021127915,0.77752143,0.00023317224,0.105166614,0.00043473797,0.003238723,0.00007478365,0.00010479627,0.09209782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.22603367,0.73869056,0.00016823506,0.03128276,0.0003347335,0.00003365747,0.000017046086,0.000014385253,0.0034249674],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986844,0.00007811871,0.00028007795,0.00022265174,0.00049409,0.00024064661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994399,0.00007125355,0.000117565694,0.00022263652,0.00003492734,0.00011372454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046566722,0.00010872553,0.00024112486,0.000005601796,0.00025027135,0.000028616105,0.0002171301,0.00004827588,0.00018317108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017347839,0.0000780266,0.00004853979,0.00046295935,0.00015076352,0.00017146721,0.0000401837,0.00007969241,0.00004980662],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000058675473,0.000020348782,0.004658488,0.00010578484,0.000004428739,0.000012702992,0.00042846537,0.0000018626855,6.168229e-7,0.7383159,0.25119075,0.005254825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012565414,0.000015031673,0.00717329,0.0013556834,0.000013925162,0.000005550203,0.000013814042,0.0000016333958,0.0000024467345,0.0009704471,0.9902174,0.00010512863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012643186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009915171,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.73902667,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010365165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011662805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122378966","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1931489","title":"Electoral Competition as a Determinant of Fiscal Decentralization","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Devolution (biology); Economics; Government (linguistics); Competition (biology); Politics; Revenue; Panel data; Central government; Relevance (law); Economic system; Local government; Political science; Market economy; Public administration; Econometrics","score_opus":0.016588945291294177,"score_gpt":0.2681814006219304,"score_spread":0.25159245533063623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122378966","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92261904,0.00073045975,0.06155706,0.00026025873,0.00039335788,0.00022802324,0.0000021689134,0.000041490715,0.014168145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99474305,0.0044020656,0.00007788445,0.000054627173,0.00012116409,0.000002015166,0.0000040196833,0.000008660154,0.00058649457],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979112,0.0001339922,0.0002518973,0.00010926792,0.00042892148,0.0011647309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954146,0.000014903173,0.00021572575,0.00006893165,0.000084414634,0.000074543306],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007952558,0.000080896796,0.00011874543,0.00005209691,0.00024994803,0.000023675228,0.00017495918,0.000078323996,0.00025607224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009583694,0.000075503325,0.00007420458,0.00023648117,0.000101692305,0.00032482547,0.0000114397935,0.00028587724,0.000022244942],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007787022,0.00010975261,0.050769657,0.0000032285307,0.000020157122,0.0000022966185,0.0022793065,0.0000035921046,0.00021765847,0.93793976,0.000046781297,0.0085299425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018276016,0.0014489151,0.054558,0.00012207859,0.00012777535,0.00013320132,0.0115756765,0.00019894209,0.0087644765,0.90444493,0.016251216,0.0005471628],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013917832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0069709076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.072124034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063967577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010051792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38899302},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122452275","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.11.009","title":"The architecture of federations: Constitutions, bargaining, and moral hazard","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Moral hazard; Politics; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Ex-ante; Institution; Yield (engineering); Microeconomics; Public economics; Public administration; Incentive; Market economy; Finance; Macroeconomics; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.025575849892027106,"score_gpt":0.25784646933206823,"score_spread":0.23227061944004113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122452275","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.81496674,0.0013141148,0.055366315,0.022762956,0.0009970496,0.00016846787,0.000008674831,0.000014144533,0.10440153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968312,0.0022044866,0.00054908637,0.00015595509,0.00016541088,5.136777e-7,4.708239e-7,0.0000019492904,0.00009094656],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949205,0.000068867994,0.00023651445,0.00003398467,0.00007501042,0.00009359342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994661,0.00011909797,0.00023166496,0.00004618274,0.000079513695,0.00005742749],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009217824,0.00003292102,0.00008474049,0.000026155789,0.00032129028,0.00016357457,0.00009954361,0.000033919896,0.000009022543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004038694,0.000024095414,0.000031762294,0.000040973435,0.00026001284,0.00025677582,0.0000103449065,0.00006280009,6.6682304e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026903197,0.0000080409745,0.017881803,0.0000010618799,0.000011971044,8.442707e-8,0.00040979247,0.000369263,0.0000028298684,0.9614559,0.0012591047,0.01859746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004960645,0.00009103715,0.00942597,0.000016720822,0.000016833126,0.000010494404,0.0021682614,0.001516561,0.00006312549,0.14604357,0.84005773,0.00009361118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014942275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00053795025,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83879864,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005239647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022257102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24711375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122802876","doi":"","title":"Public Spending Interactions and Local Politics. Empirical Evidence from French Municipalities","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Unemployment; Panel data; Politics; Estimation; Public investment; Public spending; Economics; Investment (military); Wage; Demographic economics; Local government; Public economics; Labour economics; Political science; Public fund; Economic growth; Econometrics; Public administration","score_opus":0.21752471051643357,"score_gpt":0.3988496781164948,"score_spread":0.18132496760006123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122802876","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9422481,0.00018637191,0.000047380767,0.0016474173,0.00015776911,0.00013807704,0.000010818335,0.000022465632,0.055541605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9800216,0.016579313,0.00013096922,0.00010141203,0.00017926544,0.000016637723,0.0000063130665,0.000008521769,0.0029559927],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832225,0.00028106826,0.00024794711,0.00029807125,0.00030495002,0.0005457267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998482,0.0010237783,0.000048260892,0.00020140379,0.000052237836,0.00019233217],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006723465,0.00008161413,0.00014644832,0.00012146303,0.0006440152,0.00012074318,0.00023036427,0.00008818676,0.00027105006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011562755,0.00008811938,0.000036013822,0.00016939064,0.000935359,0.0006427613,0.00013683389,0.0002855995,0.000015168524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001470032,0.0000980117,0.9248372,0.000007779746,0.00001886532,0.000027319713,0.018707335,0.000093482,0.000020267658,0.017249567,0.00040002525,0.038525485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006833593,0.00011566259,0.59177333,0.00024097902,0.0000079777865,0.00001250435,0.04575397,0.008607648,0.00016466761,0.009394199,0.3427372,0.0005084949],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0105859395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018664543,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3423372,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009074506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003354619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99924225},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122973469","doi":"","title":"Dormancy as a Strategic Response to Detrimental Public Policy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Dormancy; Public policy; Business; Economics; Biology; Agronomy; Economic growth; Germination","score_opus":0.03363282715281035,"score_gpt":0.33161546495903305,"score_spread":0.2979826378062227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122973469","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.947138,0.000762452,0.0014014908,0.01704451,0.00025179243,0.00018539233,0.0000015316224,0.00004908179,0.03316573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919785,0.0011182391,0.000027804334,0.0006758618,0.0005539781,0.0000041363946,0.0000013337178,0.0000108331105,0.0056293164],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965716,0.00029536965,0.00019212351,0.00014421839,0.0007743867,0.0020222776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992384,0.000029699579,0.00009673824,0.00009739841,0.00012154726,0.0004162474],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0034375242,0.00009694387,0.00010059168,0.0001754968,0.00038627806,0.00022188618,0.00029786574,0.000071823444,0.000050856226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005852362,0.000089368914,0.00005518412,0.00083537656,0.00005502105,0.0004744364,0.000031882904,0.00043959636,0.0003692448],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000388347,0.00007819837,0.002112403,4.5975202e-7,0.0000214699,0.0000060482394,0.002172659,0.000013533276,0.00021850485,0.9885268,0.00061756413,0.005844011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017422647,0.0014835251,0.0009845268,0.00001573253,0.000015481863,0.000121492136,0.04790052,0.000016226262,0.0002303704,0.77606475,0.17108256,0.00034253925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018828106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036021287,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21246204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00469593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.018604573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991249},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123016912","doi":"","title":"China’s Emerging Tax Regime: Local Tax Farming and Central Tax Bureaucracy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePub (Erasmus University, Rotterdam)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Erasmus Research Institute of Management; McMaster University","keywords":"Tax reform; Bureaucracy; Tax avoidance; China; Indirect tax; Ad valorem tax; Direct tax; Value-added tax; Tax credit; Business; Central government; Economics; Double taxation; Economic system; Economic policy; Local government; Public economics; Political science; Public administration","score_opus":0.011832135402728277,"score_gpt":0.2541630984896544,"score_spread":0.24233096308692612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123016912","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.77377105,0.0014840005,0.07984105,0.034153257,0.0043918216,0.0031862177,0.00046667914,0.0008599592,0.10184598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9643171,0.0049879807,0.0006038518,0.0003786731,0.0009910897,0.0000036799322,0.0000985231,0.000044471904,0.028574651],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9959323,0.00036156736,0.0004069766,0.0010905482,0.0010934641,0.0011151909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982345,0.000051828218,0.00054777396,0.0005706055,0.00014185556,0.00045343378],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043387743,0.0005026066,0.00056732807,0.0002573678,0.0012381254,0.0003324753,0.00080112537,0.00065484975,0.00044882012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011351663,0.0006042216,0.00025879615,0.00047693303,0.0005309373,0.00074881414,0.0012236714,0.0008347025,0.000028010056],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010595848,0.0016864367,0.07884618,0.0012105999,0.0011704265,0.00288735,0.12444011,0.025634807,0.00048450494,0.15919825,0.21782635,0.3855554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022703297,0.000087471315,0.064202264,0.00062125357,0.0003578307,0.000020210618,0.01197878,0.0035011617,0.00014878162,0.0028088673,0.9121571,0.0018459359],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024711449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049249223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69433075,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016647249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005681927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99964094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123143510","doi":"","title":"A political economy model of the vertical fiscal gap and vertical fiscal imbalances in a federation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Voting; Economics; Government (linguistics); Balance (ability); Politics; Fiscal policy; Fiscal federalism; Russian federation; Macroeconomics; Economic policy; Public economics; Political science; Market economy; Decentralization","score_opus":0.04272617675120303,"score_gpt":0.3275058174194965,"score_spread":0.2847796406682935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123143510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8476282,0.000037261,0.000040549858,0.00587205,0.00013132006,0.00069471874,0.000011954477,0.000009969492,0.14557402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99854296,0.0007113669,0.00007319534,0.00020788856,0.0001137245,0.00010732911,0.000006786189,0.000013368554,0.00022336614],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99747354,0.00039225214,0.0005381193,0.0005020472,0.00034901607,0.0007450169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899644,0.00039958765,0.000047889363,0.00031072777,0.000053087526,0.00019225839],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010073354,0.00015879556,0.00035235914,0.000092448994,0.00018397547,0.00019729753,0.0003838373,0.00043685207,0.000034846635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000739273,0.00013811792,0.00009166135,0.00009070256,0.0009814372,0.00019692662,0.0005357266,0.0007573674,0.000003034071],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012834104,0.00030499802,0.16444106,0.0001211213,0.000024040539,0.0000031200393,0.0019383745,0.0048700366,0.0000543674,0.8207266,0.00013883629,0.007249115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010332564,0.00008037823,0.08588517,0.00028596076,0.000013146155,0.0000013541265,0.0024511884,0.68928087,0.0002933021,0.21843342,0.0018100479,0.00043189962],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006416777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025945704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6844108,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010091988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067215326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5632285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123183889","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.08.006","title":"Voter turnout and fiscal policy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"European Economic Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Voter turnout; Turnout; Fiscal policy; Economics; Political science; Macroeconomics; Voting; Politics","score_opus":0.026067708223069468,"score_gpt":0.3093594536326432,"score_spread":0.28329174540957375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123183889","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.003657636,0.063521445,0.00043981973,0.03839784,0.0010905961,0.0009539652,0.00008572919,0.0001008511,0.8917521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.106910855,0.8739651,0.00005467226,0.0058329958,0.002651675,0.00001257808,0.000022976748,0.000043614655,0.010505555],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985204,0.00042174142,0.0003597712,0.00036004456,0.00010154634,0.00023654859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926454,0.000030560033,0.0002663249,0.0003099375,0.000010319077,0.000118345386],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008586078,0.00015853975,0.000318869,0.00002643377,0.00010506052,0.00010701448,0.0002992655,0.00005962461,0.00043939517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014687153,0.00012545996,0.00010987719,0.000024629737,0.00013809782,0.00011752374,0.00034839378,0.00012231906,0.0014503098],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011275164,0.0000325443,0.0069395485,0.0023299635,0.00007713416,0.000020643003,0.0015403902,0.000004787532,0.0000020053235,0.21626139,0.2503171,0.5224632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008547586,0.0000073276997,0.0037361542,0.002610191,0.000023358642,8.695475e-7,0.0000059438107,0.0000024057306,9.287923e-7,0.003087325,0.990258,0.00018205922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017950515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000050940802,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.88124657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028476608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001455852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993272},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123186512","doi":"","title":"Is Fiscal Federalism Different in the European Union?: a comparative analysis through the allocation function","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; European union; Federalism; Redistribution (election); Economics; Fiscal union; Context (archaeology); Decentralization; Economic system; European integration; International economics; Public economics; Fiscal policy; Macroeconomics; Politics; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.07047733582853638,"score_gpt":0.36458961612324625,"score_spread":0.29411228029470987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123186512","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44013765,0.00018687012,0.00085661816,0.0238871,0.00034621087,0.0017534151,0.000031869142,0.000035965986,0.5327643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99050194,0.007410214,0.000019082987,0.0007117612,0.0002367211,0.000070229245,0.000104889674,0.000008582619,0.0009365634],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.993422,0.0044991286,0.0004586993,0.00052910065,0.0006190019,0.0004721086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987292,0.0003950604,0.00020269546,0.0005539898,0.00007171863,0.000047293088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00433733,0.00018575092,0.00031627592,0.00014985744,0.00059614395,0.00043357495,0.0007519325,0.0001802459,0.00006455957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011980003,0.00012654836,0.00018146058,0.0005573393,0.00033773505,0.00016505505,0.0002162836,0.00088200485,0.000009850505],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028176277,0.0015911511,0.11871921,0.00007725963,0.00095111475,0.000025780924,0.3474587,0.14022161,0.000020915342,0.107342005,0.0064656637,0.27684483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005295464,0.000090218,0.8339425,0.000098228695,0.00010447997,3.552503e-7,0.034635477,0.010131863,0.000013554243,0.022487408,0.09756961,0.0003967829],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027102507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.026419958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71522325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009879606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015224727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99134535},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123222163","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Federalism and Soft Budget Constraints: The Case of China","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Revenue; Federalism; Incentive; Local government; China; Debt; Accountability; Politics; Economic policy; Central government; Economics; Business; Communism; Finance; Economic system; Market economy; Public administration; Political science; Decentralization","score_opus":0.011561734907357056,"score_gpt":0.2519067868916374,"score_spread":0.24034505198428036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123222163","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9605426,0.001481354,0.013865886,0.0023810775,0.00020399214,0.00016269619,0.0000043158175,0.000016560263,0.021341521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99630845,0.0029904475,0.000026271688,0.000101771846,0.000096726006,9.800692e-7,3.309466e-7,0.00000415896,0.00047087827],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987588,0.00011254401,0.00015075465,0.00007731214,0.00016293103,0.00073766016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971515,0.000028025888,0.00011988519,0.000056388308,0.00003052282,0.000050049148],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011705802,0.000058849113,0.0000822544,0.000015588266,0.000511565,0.000036628735,0.00011436122,0.00004896412,0.00010753771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008669338,0.00003980223,0.00004021,0.00008578565,0.00038013209,0.00016624297,0.00001591648,0.0003724649,0.000002342085],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019631405,0.0000343165,0.0047684526,0.0000017357371,0.000028909115,0.000027676015,0.008819389,8.210499e-7,0.000011831291,0.9508183,0.00017445529,0.03529449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00090318127,0.00031310055,0.009187449,0.00002421813,0.000064744345,0.0025722948,0.058810286,0.000074339354,0.00013802681,0.9229848,0.004716343,0.00021124163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022729833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007881127,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.049990896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001568042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005453545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4397854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123409960","doi":"","title":"Decentralisation in Africa and Fiscal Competition Evidence from Benin","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Tax competition; Welfare economics; Fiscal federalism; Political science; Economic system; Public economics; Market economy; International taxation","score_opus":0.05889989232182896,"score_gpt":0.3380242077686451,"score_spread":0.27912431544681615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123409960","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755059,0.00025095206,0.000032833203,0.0016753731,0.00039029165,0.0006161399,0.000042864896,0.00002147425,0.021464158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9625366,0.0364418,0.00036358426,0.000033608838,0.00020850194,0.00006811762,0.00006151514,0.0000136280805,0.00027268613],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.997624,0.0004419243,0.00038774445,0.00058582367,0.0004186782,0.00054185634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99869514,0.00069090887,0.000133285,0.00029383265,0.000052076997,0.00013478192],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018221056,0.00014164961,0.00025136373,0.00016156635,0.00017608222,0.0002256059,0.0003354423,0.0005052384,0.00017581097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011235167,0.00016517586,0.000044871576,0.00013821367,0.00039710544,0.00029446205,0.0003164024,0.000995435,0.0000064573487],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002867383,0.00033976842,0.682693,0.00011599495,0.000030159956,0.0000372126,0.035103038,0.0046652933,0.00064812636,0.02305877,0.00023174993,0.25279012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013050186,0.000096296906,0.8331581,0.0018148145,0.000017356238,8.151653e-7,0.007532421,0.024428742,0.0004267036,0.0522477,0.077998884,0.0009731489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050757583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.044946764,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.25181696,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010474807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038202317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9724805},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123462601","doi":"","title":"Fiscal competition over taxes and public inputs - theory and evidence","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Econstor (Econstor)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Simon Fraser University; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Carnegie Mellon University","keywords":"Tax competition; Economics; Tax rate; Competition (biology); Public economics; Fiscal policy; Capital (architecture); Public spending; Capital income; Tax reform; Tax policy; Microeconomics; Indirect tax; Monetary economics; Business; International taxation","score_opus":0.026623978018587662,"score_gpt":0.27587550772714065,"score_spread":0.249251529708553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123462601","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97670275,0.0061409203,0.0011181827,0.0015780916,0.0014668681,0.0005305135,0.000101258796,0.00012155322,0.012239851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9766349,0.02065316,0.0001464102,0.0007375214,0.0004819664,0.000044960143,0.000024427754,0.000021333733,0.0012552984],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99730563,0.0005623225,0.0004259169,0.0007127251,0.00051634584,0.00047706458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982864,0.0006245313,0.0003950204,0.00031919847,0.000087182576,0.0002876223],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010424069,0.00031395355,0.00043554374,0.0001353338,0.0006582146,0.000333592,0.00028053627,0.0004932905,0.0006814945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090824626,0.0003311895,0.00010428795,0.00013459964,0.0017211093,0.0007943874,0.0003776506,0.00042842218,0.000045173634],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031648768,0.000058902348,0.8633825,0.000086796535,0.000037140337,0.000013228462,0.0025056507,0.000004334341,0.00001441634,0.12696043,0.0056032427,0.0013016987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001093986,0.00012378958,0.8492099,0.0014965594,0.00013185469,0.00005544636,0.0014866206,0.00022000835,0.000090883674,0.034467954,0.11006794,0.0015550458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000686427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017906895,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.104464695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039640386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005882986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999914},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123793991","doi":"","title":"CONSTITUTIONAL RULES AND COMPETITIVE POLITICS: THEIR EFFECTS ON SECESSIONISM","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Political science; Law and economics; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.02238865428121725,"score_gpt":0.26010409680160135,"score_spread":0.2377154425203841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3123793991","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.17251264,0.0000468776,0.0022421745,0.00034556456,0.00018694873,0.00012441968,0.000009713009,0.00004400538,0.8244876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99784464,0.00011170006,0.00024607248,0.00091135054,0.00008246937,0.0000035723838,0.000003258826,0.0000012603716,0.00079570076],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99951714,0.000049064678,0.000052958647,0.00009316185,0.00015550818,0.00013216914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997628,0.000093725575,0.00002164063,0.000036219477,0.000023812894,0.00006182939],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007809072,0.00004760576,0.0000536178,0.000008914201,0.00029831263,0.0000215747,0.00004321282,0.000039677336,0.0003008403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000045981986,0.000034565423,0.000013721749,0.000033055443,0.00047369028,0.000101452315,0.000013434469,0.00002991521,0.000055787736],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000041016806,0.000024974592,0.0070761056,0.0000027641852,0.0000030648525,0.0000016688145,0.0023226298,7.405297e-8,0.0000100576735,0.989052,0.0002089907,0.0012935726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001213965,0.00026669746,0.1786273,0.00022535615,0.000020962805,0.0000024427238,0.0111424215,0.00003076895,0.026082968,0.43986428,0.3420644,0.00045841164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00033090587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000068748814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.825332,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000036829722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000046108267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32939902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124320982","doi":"","title":"City Size and the Henry George Theorem under Monopolistic Competition","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Monopolistic competition; Elasticity of substitution; Free entry; Economics; General equilibrium theory; Elasticity (physics); Marginal cost; Price elasticity of demand; Mathematical economics; Constant elasticity of substitution; Market size; Variable (mathematics); Microeconomics; Mathematics; Production (economics); Monopoly","score_opus":0.023442204497058,"score_gpt":0.2798237175870294,"score_spread":0.25638151308997137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3124320982","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1581103,0.00067906955,0.062008634,0.016520265,0.001308943,0.0013768503,0.000045373283,0.00023403978,0.7597165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983615,0.008405663,0.00010002358,0.0014889175,0.00025723607,0.000018517778,0.000013471416,0.0000073128595,0.0060939025],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99867463,0.00025435025,0.00017701056,0.00024112054,0.00044089186,0.00021198433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991633,0.00040489068,0.00012434676,0.00019152994,0.000056199802,0.000059695616],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047183692,0.00012629527,0.00018987354,0.00001197109,0.00051313965,0.00012395455,0.00019553976,0.00019011917,0.0004259285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002525782,0.000083956766,0.000069318834,0.00007824082,0.00095364545,0.00007636945,0.00019913605,0.00020086944,0.000017226028],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027912614,0.000022568614,0.00096704345,0.000008921124,0.000011587322,8.5664715e-7,0.0020990348,0.00010974187,6.351457e-7,0.9953597,0.001160647,0.00023132071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00089301064,0.000009813971,0.02460551,0.00005619931,0.000052873067,0.000001299285,0.0028633764,0.00096248114,0.000017793918,0.94338,0.02685524,0.00030240844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071816184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011687165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82550466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001427892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014145092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99942964},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124553456","doi":"","title":"The Political Economy of Property Tax in Africa: Explaining Reform Outcomes in Sierra Leone","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Sierra leone; Tax reform; Decentralization; Politics; Opposition (politics); Incentive; Elite; Political economy; Political science; Corporate governance; Tax avoidance; Economics; Economic policy; Market economy; Development economics; Finance","score_opus":0.07249604399980969,"score_gpt":0.34074337030174284,"score_spread":0.26824732630193315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3124553456","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2559716,0.000037365615,0.0000015022448,0.0059693223,0.00008242202,0.00035327816,0.0000033122383,0.0000069904618,0.7375742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99709684,0.00046006567,0.00004211905,0.00008216866,0.000037378933,0.000056333876,0.0000013440737,0.000008038459,0.0022157212],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981168,0.00024087651,0.0004202323,0.00021867553,0.00024516194,0.00075829215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919105,0.000337117,0.00006979881,0.00021074536,0.000052916464,0.00013837105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029702147,0.00007693552,0.00021084069,0.000115242416,0.00011376957,0.00005565828,0.00032087363,0.00010102304,0.000010749391],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011410072,0.000051814368,0.000034785484,0.0002226284,0.00042024784,0.00028061666,0.00010477105,0.00025095802,0.000004647027],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001453811,0.00023373548,0.48023346,0.000014419343,0.000011148212,0.000013199853,0.010531126,0.00026783533,0.000008566331,0.46518475,0.00010894224,0.043247435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004246706,0.00041638425,0.12075101,0.00020167307,0.000004107011,0.0000017371478,0.35008278,0.0074338582,0.00031284033,0.0796987,0.43619555,0.00065465085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029029243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020187242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7411252,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0024185067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005865887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976918},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125156513","doi":"","title":"Rebuilding Local Government Finances After Conflict: Lessons from a Property Tax Reform Programme in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sierra leone; Politics; Political science; Property tax; Transparency (behavior); Underpinning; Public administration; Enforcement; Accountability; Local government; Economic growth; Tax reform; Development economics; Economics","score_opus":0.04072673659683246,"score_gpt":0.3206684735659475,"score_spread":0.27994173696911506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125156513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.915183,0.00026166276,0.0000695475,0.009880153,0.00022418732,0.001115054,0.00013441798,0.000045822635,0.07308613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9798633,0.012113236,0.00015450327,0.00023276522,0.00014303849,0.00030131565,0.0000069330436,0.000025342195,0.0071596047],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966748,0.00024075092,0.0005136653,0.00066434074,0.0007491387,0.0011573541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989248,0.0002623787,0.00013970022,0.00038997474,0.000076753764,0.00020638319],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00171754,0.0001925018,0.00031210764,0.00008495309,0.0002268849,0.00013659742,0.00044920048,0.00023675202,0.00024822963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005867473,0.00013060705,0.000083571016,0.00027794135,0.00071294577,0.0005648562,0.00018718488,0.00030310685,0.000028057357],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044868933,0.00023415113,0.03999584,0.00001298799,0.000021164124,0.000046804118,0.0039515165,0.000038851842,0.00051600067,0.0038870058,0.000074824624,0.95077217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0024790277,0.0003206799,0.1289717,0.0005514037,0.000007591196,0.0000016075028,0.018834615,0.0007725583,0.001470425,0.00069920026,0.84525347,0.00063774706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011077784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05697153,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9501344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004929326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004901728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988906},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125378827","doi":"10.3982/te3329","title":"Gridlock and inefficient policy instruments","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; European Commission; Comunidad de Madrid; Fundación Ramón Areces","keywords":"Gridlock; Repeal; Veto; Legislature; Economics; Pigou effect; Microeconomics; Politics; Public economics; Macroeconomics; Law; Political science","score_opus":0.003818452861270893,"score_gpt":0.2359067856277199,"score_spread":0.23208833276644902,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125378827","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86289304,0.000008085326,0.000075731674,0.0018542863,0.0001388241,0.00011848531,0.0000037335942,0.000017376002,0.13489045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99818665,0.00038403986,0.00005051136,0.0008019702,0.00010323965,0.0000016816033,0.0000020972286,0.000005060609,0.0004647506],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994683,0.000028605058,0.00010682042,0.00013027209,0.00006894491,0.0001970597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997476,0.00003540286,0.000031664993,0.000087043154,0.0000099298295,0.00008837595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019302097,0.00005206694,0.00008369554,0.00002206266,0.000079310026,0.000051495197,0.00008568206,0.000054230666,0.00044297968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000067440065,0.000049960025,0.000018593742,0.000062005834,0.00033134714,0.00009583196,0.000045524994,0.000039023547,0.0002068391],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011725885,0.000016748083,0.00881197,0.0000019652427,0.000002487209,6.956233e-8,0.0005894578,0.000026944472,0.0000049768237,0.98544514,0.000033355973,0.005055176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013285478,0.00016454607,0.017270297,0.00002471717,0.000014721405,0.0000015059728,0.0019491332,0.0062801875,0.00040592367,0.8259118,0.14622413,0.0004244764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000093625305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000015214096,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1595333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001256297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000077521894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4850317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125466298","doi":"","title":"Modeling local growth control decisions in a multi-city case: Do spatial interactions and lobbying efforts matter?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Locale (computer software); Presumption; Interdependence; Control (management); Politics; Economics; Public economics; Econometric model; Land use; Political science; Econometrics","score_opus":0.0514689683668336,"score_gpt":0.3565440445935999,"score_spread":0.3050750762267663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125466298","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97358173,0.00009592433,0.017884113,0.00048314873,0.00044432853,0.0012013735,0.000047931975,0.000023708815,0.006237738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99264896,0.00626074,0.00044928517,0.0000858965,0.0001108739,0.00019776885,0.0000137791685,0.000024428344,0.0002082418],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99729043,0.00037357904,0.0006103263,0.00069472054,0.00033679628,0.00069414196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860775,0.0005992331,0.00012435138,0.00032469915,0.00013234981,0.00021162968],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015270017,0.0002077047,0.0003891985,0.0003089,0.0004079367,0.00036433735,0.00028829314,0.00034804808,0.00015251787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007145939,0.00022758383,0.000086798,0.00013605517,0.0003365033,0.00033775423,0.0004735419,0.0010811207,0.000014988881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022050753,0.000569095,0.24501209,0.000103075574,0.00008122725,0.00051923376,0.0095015215,0.32861787,0.000015531825,0.002852681,0.000081832906,0.4124253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012367946,0.00002274585,0.006988504,0.00042104893,0.000009587521,0.000025187855,0.0048416695,0.9816512,0.0000056945587,0.0030133536,0.0014066894,0.00037753847],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.040629447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08360439,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6530333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017456893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003938727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9657591},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125717353","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.273452","title":"The Theory and Practice of Equalization","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Equalization (audio); Equity (law); Public economics; Economics; Computer science; Business; Political science; Telecommunications; Law","score_opus":0.03892119521439373,"score_gpt":0.31250085685973056,"score_spread":0.2735796616453368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125717353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73844177,0.0027242224,0.0381065,0.008624314,0.0006926156,0.0014344868,0.0001102523,0.000040348583,0.20982552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9614625,0.027668387,0.0006650605,0.00009899512,0.000038997805,4.9769204e-7,0.000019283143,0.000009450675,0.010036842],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974338,0.0014203243,0.00013847828,0.00021523896,0.00058708136,0.0002050915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976965,0.0013766928,0.00032018943,0.00022633412,0.0003124362,0.00006784733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035437667,0.00008637141,0.00017345267,0.000051310486,0.0005014488,0.00003762456,0.0003301993,0.00018222746,0.00019567682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00109631,0.00008875687,0.00006220078,0.00019746431,0.0007935009,0.0003209352,0.00024410576,0.00016939889,0.000009573987],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031763854,0.00011087186,0.0027832503,0.00014518933,0.00010564316,0.0000106999105,0.039234802,0.000107351225,0.00014958876,0.9333511,0.003785121,0.019898724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012845441,0.00021477445,0.019824138,0.0002986395,0.0003125838,0.0000030407248,0.26773152,0.0003527826,0.0004914965,0.034225766,0.674685,0.00057568436],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028759227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014163188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89912534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000090643436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027800613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4347554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125812403","doi":"","title":"Politics, Information and the Urban Bias","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Politics; Argument (complex analysis); Phenomenon; Developing country; Economics; Development economics; Public economics; Political science; Economic growth; Market economy","score_opus":0.03423339588397703,"score_gpt":0.31854864585325576,"score_spread":0.2843152499692787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125812403","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32142973,0.0004072136,0.00005300152,0.008513763,0.00082377426,0.0019495309,0.000060555612,0.000058238817,0.6667042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96542144,0.03247752,0.00004696766,0.00032913723,0.00025297105,0.00006381698,0.000030391255,0.000009013818,0.0013687215],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99833894,0.00028912345,0.00035234189,0.00020815666,0.00035979442,0.00045164383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99907386,0.00031845807,0.00014580408,0.00028611376,0.00007965623,0.00009610096],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024334728,0.000106213956,0.00019039023,0.00011276193,0.00038503308,0.00035205338,0.0003339718,0.00024793018,0.000027932936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011782978,0.000089183326,0.00005744648,0.000090280744,0.00094305247,0.00027371934,0.00035378413,0.000549269,0.000009950913],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008525589,0.000048916143,0.020382127,0.00010085017,0.000033049724,0.0000025448205,0.025153268,0.004291987,2.5686808e-7,0.85129404,0.00035473087,0.09825296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0026664108,0.0000444627,0.018945098,0.00028742087,0.000014507079,0.0000012188447,0.014952605,0.0040849587,0.000021269128,0.13713442,0.8213643,0.00048335476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036727714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014897976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8210095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012159217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00097549515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5552156},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125902210","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v3n1p160","title":"The Development Perspective of Finance and Microfinance Sector in China: How far is Microfinance regulations?","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Microfinance; China; Government (linguistics); Financial services; Business; Pace; Financial system; Finance; State (computer science); Economics; Economic growth; Political science","score_opus":0.01958498993296916,"score_gpt":0.24344507627771195,"score_spread":0.22386008634474278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3125902210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903344,0.0036785442,0.00038458678,0.003397629,0.0003948618,0.00009119981,0.000010564783,0.0000011040144,0.0017071058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93823093,0.058598243,0.0024916453,0.000072141316,0.00006218582,0.0000029016542,3.2395224e-7,0.0000050458366,0.00053659605],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991852,0.000026075815,0.00038177025,0.00014724971,0.000111175475,0.00014849493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990139,0.00004841878,0.0006137654,0.00007153553,0.00023342253,0.000018964098],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041914915,0.00008880935,0.00016640764,0.00006364564,0.00014930795,0.00005574453,0.00026984938,0.000055655873,0.000005123161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007198394,0.00007797614,0.000041267867,0.00008579236,0.0002144715,0.0003878316,0.000045612607,0.00009176617,7.016186e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030693243,0.00012111498,0.040176366,0.0000062484155,0.00005809286,0.000008709025,0.03369776,0.00015340863,0.0000862985,0.8823577,0.00052423496,0.042503092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010541825,0.00010838586,0.6636792,0.00017673851,0.000008341294,0.000017207598,0.002691898,0.0005653969,0.004632616,0.03504384,0.29178074,0.00024147514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029787936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008488317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8473139,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019554519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021257675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31797746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3132833921","doi":"10.1163/18763375-13030001","title":"Designing Decentralization in Jordan: Locating the Policy among the Politics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Middle East Law and Governance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Politics; Clientelism; Authoritarianism; Legislation; Political science; Public administration; Position (finance); Political economy; Law; Law and economics; Economic system; Sociology; Economics; Democracy","score_opus":0.022981070535920783,"score_gpt":0.25255645997806475,"score_spread":0.22957538944214398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3132833921","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80982476,0.008632734,0.017629443,0.032615833,0.0006168996,0.000838248,0.000034880253,0.00008484454,0.12972233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99416786,0.00076975673,0.00010670056,0.0026132902,0.00026032378,0.000009578083,0.0000030984352,0.00000779521,0.0020616148],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987564,0.00019142442,0.00017367733,0.00016989438,0.0003631105,0.00034549047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995412,0.000094762916,0.000114146984,0.00013985626,0.000059123868,0.000050904768],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034328483,0.00008383489,0.00008744192,0.000005765886,0.00072196726,0.0001731725,0.00015425184,0.000052569023,0.00001991161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028378426,0.00005903662,0.000027004597,0.0004608109,0.0003269902,0.00025726916,0.000047934725,0.000099505574,0.000004455208],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000023362009,0.000020019235,0.033551738,0.000007684345,0.000003234045,0.00000439724,0.007034662,0.00031844238,0.000023310762,0.9577567,0.00014216788,0.0011353323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013218333,0.000037304068,0.32395118,0.0006840836,0.000043695152,0.000011720359,0.033211716,0.00402931,0.0036519829,0.04576326,0.58662033,0.00067356013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012565609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.024004906,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9119934,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015958202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001924399,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9940098},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3140410829","doi":"","title":"Constraints to Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Peru","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Accountability; Work (physics); Public expenditure; GRASP; Poverty; Poverty reduction; Government (linguistics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Inequality; Central government; Economics; Public economics; Local government; Business; Economic policy; Development economics; Economic growth; Political science; Public administration; Public finance; Macroeconomics; Geography; Engineering","score_opus":0.05252414637761832,"score_gpt":0.3672346208642801,"score_spread":0.3147104744866618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3140410829","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97451824,0.00007507348,0.00007665089,0.0033900742,0.00019483965,0.00080227864,0.00013281831,0.000010061771,0.02079995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965614,0.0016161501,0.0010239285,0.0005233637,0.00015978946,0.000018553752,0.000004846037,0.0000131935785,0.000078793884],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99433887,0.00023345451,0.00097266235,0.00095872337,0.00053221534,0.0029640857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941076,0.0006175817,0.0001739974,0.00036652456,0.0005198718,0.004214426],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0073914104,0.0002464671,0.00057666743,0.0008269836,0.00057534355,0.00033531553,0.0009339556,0.00019990171,0.00033284005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005731246,0.00023797563,0.000087324326,0.0013004933,0.010762191,0.0014740409,0.0005055086,0.0004054467,0.000032889664],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000087014094,0.00019466436,0.10504822,0.00001792997,0.0000053698514,0.0000016411141,0.00037841886,0.000033041048,0.00019015984,0.8919389,0.000019839727,0.002084783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016748874,0.0009225618,0.76648134,0.00015120469,0.000020677226,0.000009287617,0.0051811817,0.005492781,0.0061554234,0.20977433,0.003501059,0.00063526584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01238812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032893664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6821646,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013948703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0031220522,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9941885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3141272588","doi":"","title":"Revenue Assignments in the Practice of Fiscal Decentralization","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Archive @ GSU","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Fiscal federalism; Redistribution (election); Revenue; Politics; Federalism; Government (linguistics); Tax administration; Economics; Economic policy; Tax revenue; Administration (probate law); Public economics; Business; Political science; Finance; Tax reform; Market economy","score_opus":0.017418570372344355,"score_gpt":0.2840581453985739,"score_spread":0.26663957502622954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3141272588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5416173,0.0001438923,0.020055156,0.0033649588,0.0002707305,0.00078387023,0.0002215906,0.00003163544,0.43351087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987648,0.0003845641,0.000089065674,0.0003135532,0.00004568074,0.0000058197516,0.00003685385,0.0000036377562,0.0003560357],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896294,0.00013353783,0.00015767649,0.00010147195,0.00047601762,0.00016835077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995397,0.00022525528,0.00009878354,0.00008625788,0.000020190368,0.000029852059],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017947638,0.000050636012,0.00006838073,0.000021392063,0.00012709184,0.00003664541,0.00016084933,0.000024874444,0.00001269043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068135164,0.000039867715,0.000031406835,0.00022934611,0.0001713468,0.00059579965,0.000020608737,0.000052771426,0.00001807712],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000110471075,0.00093459577,0.6961603,0.000016393271,0.000018612374,0.000063947584,0.09174849,0.00021976492,0.00007366209,0.16954015,0.026240287,0.01487331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005974308,0.000095056115,0.37375984,0.000057296005,0.000012066719,0.000008343665,0.0051761796,0.000125713,0.00016698212,0.016606618,0.603215,0.00017951395],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026044145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010137536,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5769747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000041931708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000044169177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16257583},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3145018654","doi":"10.1111/capa.12402","title":"Budget practices in Canada's K‐12 education sector: Incremental, performance, or productivity budgeting?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Public sector; Construct (python library); Accounting; Business; Economics; Public economics; Economic growth; Computer science; Economy","score_opus":0.0368231849675711,"score_gpt":0.2930550632863949,"score_spread":0.2562318783188238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3145018654","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91868746,0.000072211944,0.000012952623,0.037199162,0.00077290327,0.00033081713,0.000022999786,0.00001860061,0.04288287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99528533,0.00012913719,0.00007859849,0.0009925518,0.00028938093,0.00004070779,0.00019997118,0.00000852002,0.0029757961],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998398,0.00018448355,0.0002370322,0.00030036896,0.00046180974,0.00041832222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900585,0.00004505602,0.00024370426,0.00017268237,0.00019006417,0.00034261687],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004793957,0.00009968,0.00010436753,0.00008563999,0.00041706828,0.00023734971,0.00013900589,0.000077073055,0.00076511124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014585512,0.0001094953,0.000015092483,0.00064878934,0.000048156246,0.0011389959,0.000011427619,0.000119847275,0.000008944798],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003471169,0.00019034797,0.9023288,0.00005491719,0.000012339093,0.00004338774,0.00082472817,0.0000033266172,0.000068923495,0.033133753,0.033973254,0.029331496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015397457,0.00003413978,0.10657653,0.000023629666,0.000006663568,0.000007823533,0.005333364,0.00008500829,0.00066853093,0.00005821621,0.8868613,0.00019081969],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9603529,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85288805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0040433933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.11238278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997799},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3156045779","doi":"10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.1388","title":"The Perspective Of The Cordilleran People On The Political, Economic And Socio-Cultural Advantages Of Federalism","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Türk bilgisayar ve matematik eğitimi dergisi","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Government (linguistics); Bureaucracy; Corporate governance; Federalism; Political science; Political economy; Economics; Economic growth; Law","score_opus":0.014167434245081703,"score_gpt":0.2925008642461705,"score_spread":0.2783334300010888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3156045779","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90000385,0.00048400805,0.000025243202,0.058559917,0.00033248728,0.00047326623,0.000057215104,0.000021393735,0.04004261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99743587,0.00088550453,0.000023548424,0.0006708106,0.000070227754,0.00001630402,0.0000026909836,0.000010422744,0.0008846227],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99832344,0.0004137435,0.0003258813,0.00020203697,0.00041873552,0.00031617598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984049,0.0008080543,0.00025006852,0.00030342428,0.00017980898,0.000053729033],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003907841,0.00012941714,0.00023849442,0.000011729778,0.001054972,0.00015255364,0.00028558428,0.00006534167,0.00018935821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004943357,0.00006522078,0.00012954783,0.000149025,0.00082031224,0.00014067393,0.00010040525,0.00010909334,0.000014507412],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000016433783,0.00003841878,0.0018670681,0.000031949545,0.000040909992,8.22558e-7,0.011679593,0.00004259107,0.00017359134,0.98217493,0.003861873,0.0000717909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010637417,0.00015664652,0.044636495,0.00040040398,0.00015460605,0.00001355584,0.75288045,0.0005388935,0.02110217,0.1667259,0.011814217,0.0005129158],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021898174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019467532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.81544906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023881646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019012466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81140983},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3159419377","doi":"10.55016/ojs/sppp.v11i1.43330","title":"Has the City-Rural Tax Base and Land-Use Balance Changed in Alberta? Explorations into the Distribution of Equalized Property Assessments Among Municipality Classes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The School of Public Policy Publications","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Property (philosophy); Distribution (mathematics); Geography; Balance (ability); Base (topology); Agricultural economics; Socioeconomics; Business; Economics; Public economics; Mathematics; Tax reform; Psychology","score_opus":0.11338596484327651,"score_gpt":0.3701269213844078,"score_spread":0.25674095654113127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3159419377","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7828953,0.00004198333,0.0021554865,0.21035938,0.000071654635,0.00097333896,0.000112192625,0.00003246331,0.0033582088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996815,0.00027666765,0.00003740887,0.0005240336,0.00016947121,0.0002518236,0.00010438694,0.000006961032,0.0018142296],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99754685,0.0009985522,0.00042692744,0.00017299024,0.00051753473,0.0003371423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997854,0.0005332255,0.00039965005,0.0006289961,0.0004683277,0.00011580335],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002227133,0.00011366753,0.00016552326,0.00008522879,0.001121477,0.00042389613,0.0007023604,0.000080704085,0.000080168116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0066632945,0.000056309404,0.000052262014,0.0018507437,0.0017839641,0.0016352279,0.00016186501,0.0001670157,0.000006220011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018660785,0.00021495153,0.49908772,0.000008873076,0.000036857913,2.5818137e-8,0.012918502,0.000006017845,0.00007661293,0.478396,0.008273925,0.0009618545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004966126,0.00004412972,0.8929638,0.000030924497,0.000028950075,2.689799e-7,0.0058453265,0.0010498327,0.00011055674,0.00799797,0.09130749,0.00012411056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.21759169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.16717064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.470398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021590319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008151879,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.86256075},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3164856474","doi":"10.3968/12052","title":"A Synopsis of State-Local Intergovernmental Relations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian social science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grassroots; Local government; State (computer science); Political science; Power (physics); Democracy; Public administration; Negotiation; Relevance (law); Government (linguistics); Political economy; Sociology; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.009718105073425248,"score_gpt":0.2614962478414109,"score_spread":0.25177814276798566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3164856474","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2141803,0.000059521226,0.0020020911,0.0018370678,0.00043873102,0.00011208618,0.0000813858,0.000019643772,0.7812692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958877,0.00002335567,0.00006813872,0.00038652588,0.000048038302,0.0000025563384,0.0000031650738,0.0000032550686,0.00357727],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985888,0.00004744436,0.00013580162,0.00017594743,0.00068259286,0.000369391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941796,0.000024421763,0.000059690643,0.00007429894,0.00015592371,0.00026768073],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033828896,0.000048254926,0.00007981359,0.00004638429,0.0008582082,0.00006412272,0.00021775345,0.000045775985,0.00050155114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00025562345,0.000056387507,0.000040190123,0.0012113234,0.0011976939,0.0003408565,0.000030329667,0.000054234275,0.000028791208],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000060371626,0.0000594691,0.110807106,0.0000061745336,0.000011391227,0.00003554042,0.029945983,0.000014040868,0.0018688464,0.8132458,0.011431263,0.032568365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005201693,0.000048729093,0.092179134,0.000060337785,0.000030364914,0.000002426938,0.13512705,0.00024198319,0.0120648565,0.0069308355,0.752242,0.00055210164],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.042190358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.24015698,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.80631495,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00176062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0028660325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9641878},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165481475","doi":"","title":"Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Theorizing Dynamic Decentralization in Federations","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Coding (social sciences); Conceptual framework; Political science; Positive economics; Regional science; Public administration; Sociology; Economic system; Economics; Social science; Law","score_opus":0.018053737342988593,"score_gpt":0.27069311887737746,"score_spread":0.25263938153438886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3165481475","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7892527,0.00043674163,0.06561518,0.008628375,0.00096473104,0.0010722158,0.000034280012,0.00045675438,0.133539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99317294,0.00039487222,0.0006106101,0.0002937566,0.00008757621,0.0000025267525,0.00006403351,0.000017717011,0.005355973],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979848,0.0002849191,0.00022639222,0.00046829353,0.00050958095,0.0005259717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899685,0.0000856628,0.00016868234,0.00022611045,0.00031447964,0.00020822849],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00047704813,0.00019234854,0.00018688085,0.0004277202,0.0018214324,0.0003190531,0.00033049245,0.00019182643,0.00083486096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014983815,0.00024139324,0.000061450235,0.0015079562,0.000570855,0.006564063,0.000121312056,0.00014644263,0.00005833705],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029622837,0.00009177876,0.02346817,0.000009394138,0.000031436844,0.000013278561,0.020883959,0.00011897339,0.000090241694,0.9517735,0.0011388338,0.0023507846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006466089,0.0002893647,0.21240711,0.00032455852,0.00028660026,0.000007794216,0.17081462,0.0146435555,0.00025065875,0.038679987,0.55384713,0.0019825187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018140278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0240238,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91309357,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000835396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003305593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99947804},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165585574","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3700678","title":"History and Urban Economics","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Global Affairs Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Geography; Political science","score_opus":0.013241872565238007,"score_gpt":0.21640495772352103,"score_spread":0.20316308515828302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3165585574","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.840555,0.028456857,0.015834186,0.040687773,0.00092340616,0.00027288217,0.0000023002315,0.00010570788,0.07316189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9677474,0.028883383,0.000015922922,0.0011310823,0.00045668666,4.8704646e-7,4.4646552e-7,0.00000507903,0.001759519],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99904275,0.000035239093,0.00008720668,0.0000798292,0.00009493789,0.0006600515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997991,0.000009890322,0.0000613515,0.000024111423,0.000013978756,0.00009159414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037657964,0.00004089453,0.000058599773,0.000009526715,0.00014780645,0.000024769119,0.000083939965,0.000033928303,0.000057269637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000051420415,0.000041206178,0.000024127914,0.00003500776,0.000056729994,0.00019348605,0.000009688649,0.00028884667,0.000014461311],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000143049465,0.000007010175,0.007889576,9.616584e-7,0.000011682374,5.6379645e-7,0.0035551437,0.000005024529,0.000010216035,0.97678876,0.0032976258,0.008419122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027459423,0.00010000189,0.0006088919,0.0000022204222,0.000010774749,0.000004909804,0.00409324,0.00010802008,0.0000066700695,0.057713363,0.93698454,0.000092752816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007362175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051079394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9336869,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014478134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001448628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.37859815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3171695638","doi":"10.1080/23311886.2021.1924949","title":"Political decentralization, fiscal centralization, and its consequences in case of Pakistan","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cogent Social Sciences","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Politics; Economics; Debt; Political system; Polarization (electrochemistry); China; Fiscal system; Economic system; Government (linguistics); Political economy; Development economics; Economic policy; Political science; Market economy; Macroeconomics; Democracy","score_opus":0.04790131492579426,"score_gpt":0.37919630312577596,"score_spread":0.3312949881999817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3171695638","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716918,0.0009523506,0.00067693426,0.007906499,0.0002914956,0.00024697668,0.000033539025,0.000030283554,0.018170143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99894,0.00044346956,0.00006968753,0.0003379727,0.00007217582,0.00000435024,0.000007474165,0.0000035067173,0.000121393525],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99817175,0.00027596983,0.00032695636,0.00026925484,0.0004860178,0.0004700363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994681,0.00010120014,0.000107451364,0.000042063024,0.00016630144,0.00011489856],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054184254,0.00008623335,0.0001619212,0.000047738326,0.00068390986,0.0000974949,0.0001184542,0.00009389332,0.00020115633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046692783,0.00008694904,0.000036165333,0.0010621949,0.0011347985,0.00030961566,0.000038819235,0.00004382094,0.0000020888137],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000034849722,0.000059622285,0.11250126,0.000012607969,0.0000030715298,0.00009005988,0.003956557,0.000008984962,0.00016860805,0.8827059,0.0001957555,0.00029408035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0044164127,0.00033585643,0.21207328,0.0004687306,0.00021053577,0.00039992397,0.3732468,0.0027224722,0.046296995,0.27880865,0.07869108,0.00232928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011288839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004402882,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6038973,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013338035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005037073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5260151},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3172102460","doi":"10.1111/1467-8268.12590","title":"Fiscal decentralization and efficiency of public services delivery by local governments in Ghana","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Development Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"International Development Research Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Revenue; Metropolitan area; Public good; Local government; Frontier; Business; Economics; Regional autonomy; Goods and services; Public economics; Finance; Microeconomics; Economy; Public administration; Market economy","score_opus":0.015036319394187848,"score_gpt":0.25699094097305936,"score_spread":0.24195462157887151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3172102460","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6523301,0.297502,0.01801157,0.006398866,0.00033050228,0.0015591921,0.00003389592,0.00008605261,0.02374781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90904677,0.08946209,0.00041230416,0.0007281604,0.0000074863005,0.000015902979,0.000047062953,0.000006448953,0.00027379236],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998193,0.00018815926,0.000417039,0.0002448483,0.00066212926,0.00029479427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950963,0.00004253044,0.00016624328,0.00009751637,0.000080442805,0.00010363871],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005307947,0.00010565741,0.00024221798,0.00002471189,0.000110583685,0.000034775683,0.00014519093,0.00005278463,0.00018301135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000100698635,0.00010300357,0.000026816128,0.00076552667,0.00009889868,0.0002498492,0.00007239513,0.000044224977,0.000008199229],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001440398,0.00092333055,0.45462984,0.003782944,0.00006564953,0.000028017648,0.0103720585,0.0000050057947,0.00014216824,0.024058325,0.006736256,0.499242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007154473,0.00003190818,0.04085509,0.0034074974,0.00004562982,0.000002173952,0.006966009,0.000117389565,0.0018238837,0.00012404614,0.94542277,0.00048817002],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024820602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011911131,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9386865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031014904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029265182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42003638},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3174071575","doi":"10.3917/risa.872.0323","title":"Démocratisation et transparence budgétaire : observations à Hong Kong, Macao et Taïwan","year":2021,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux des Laurentides","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.18996584038549716,"score_gpt":0.39049587014621956,"score_spread":0.2005300297607224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3174071575","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6292008,0.009509547,0.056904662,0.11795987,0.0030454283,0.00055565994,0.00056475366,0.00012280121,0.18213646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90344286,0.009264619,0.0093381,0.0012453328,0.0002852682,0.000035810506,0.00014576178,0.000015301708,0.076226965],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965205,0.000617866,0.0005974945,0.0007135591,0.0010686337,0.00048195675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99821466,0.0005311314,0.00039288166,0.00019098059,0.0004928474,0.00017749808],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00087133254,0.0002694646,0.0002620777,0.000076937446,0.0011477177,0.0006868233,0.00054101757,0.00015583308,0.0012016224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007786352,0.00030261028,0.0001675233,0.0014240996,0.0029424396,0.0030206724,0.00006478485,0.00023178165,0.00007446131],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008042837,0.00033605378,0.060970146,0.00008145872,0.000038565304,0.000046585847,0.01602997,0.0018010591,0.0005208286,0.9109048,0.00086454535,0.008397898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009361648,0.0007864671,0.5070709,0.0029868716,0.00014088309,0.00013760278,0.033725087,0.015851654,0.005836704,0.18646926,0.24464448,0.0014139228],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060319057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01579392,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.72443557,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043926627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002008783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3180774115","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2021.69.2.kir","title":"India's Goods and Services Tax: A Unique Experiment in Cooperative Federalism and a Constitutional Crisis in Waiting","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Cooperative federalism; Tax reform; Goods and services; Tax avoidance; Value-added tax; Government (linguistics); Economics; Law and economics; Public economics; Political science; Public administration; Market economy; Law","score_opus":0.01179657677556606,"score_gpt":0.23700881335181326,"score_spread":0.2252122365762472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3180774115","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9638758,0.0015836438,0.00009503026,0.030700017,0.00023644455,0.0002083023,0.00012306393,0.000004952479,0.003172769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962407,0.0009619811,0.00014240795,0.0016860693,0.00013295507,0.000017545983,0.000016268348,0.000007995829,0.00079407427],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984415,0.00021921367,0.00030090997,0.00027148434,0.00013098739,0.000635866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99880695,0.000055731063,0.00010512292,0.00007671608,0.000106483436,0.0008489896],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048662146,0.00013428243,0.00022179622,0.00019320662,0.0005674525,0.00027689873,0.00010456542,0.00014803074,0.00016597581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001634856,0.00015425899,0.000024545654,0.0004670895,0.00033686697,0.00030871455,0.000024669942,0.00028282203,0.0000011064814],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031409,0.00009827947,0.441188,0.00012514209,0.00006628921,0.0064218305,0.14206125,0.00046744937,0.00039295448,0.39590904,0.008573976,0.0046643824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0048350757,0.00019520149,0.16616312,0.0020728973,0.000059103753,0.0013040442,0.29027677,0.0021785297,0.0009784086,0.010788386,0.5193214,0.0018270684],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4624025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99161077,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.52920824,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014932813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014426754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6290499},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195757683","doi":"10.1017/9781108868648","title":"The Administrative Foundations of the Chinese Fiscal State","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"China; State (computer science); Audit; Deterrence theory; Democratization; Economics; Rule of law; Scholarship; Public economics; Law and economics; Sanctions; Political science; Democracy; Accounting; Law; Economic growth","score_opus":0.02274229031168901,"score_gpt":0.2614629408872616,"score_spread":0.23872065057557257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3195757683","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005353061,0.00004170308,0.00012987759,0.00018357478,0.00044297322,0.00047654845,0.00038925358,0.000023825789,0.9977769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006987337,0.0002374897,0.0000031119425,0.000033836146,0.000059566522,0.000001859721,0.000028565553,0.000008885537,0.99263936],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860847,0.00026194303,0.0001408073,0.00018420148,0.0006105176,0.00019405303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99900615,0.0002368753,0.00031709552,0.00030393916,0.00008279208,0.000053157157],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020607078,0.00012571583,0.00014175095,0.000019383127,0.0017448842,0.000053962376,0.0007408325,0.000085641885,0.000016372484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007234226,0.00009087209,0.00015862245,0.000046096346,0.00079265464,0.00007979176,0.00029097614,0.00025926525,0.0000018135758],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000042387175,0.000013231409,0.00010148353,0.000012247531,0.000043988297,0.0000057725993,0.0013553095,0.000010967574,0.0000013122811,0.86461484,0.13339011,0.00040836787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001516567,0.000021025375,0.0007420284,0.000019342999,0.000046405694,2.7460877e-7,0.00073186954,0.0000125825645,0.000012361178,0.00012838865,0.99802905,0.00010498582],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006692198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003326478,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.864639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005398167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00096580904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W320723135","doi":"","title":"Municipal Consolidation, Regional Planning and Fiscal Accountability: The Recent Experience in Two Maritime Provinces","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Regional Science","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Jurisdiction; Accountability; Population; Recreation; Rural area; Business; Economic growth; Environmental planning; Geography; Public administration; Political science; Economics; Sociology","score_opus":0.05148465274457495,"score_gpt":0.34219562552438654,"score_spread":0.2907109727798116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W320723135","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.979882,0.00069984014,0.000035355628,0.014449869,0.00013059568,0.00012622766,0.0000022514241,0.0000030362316,0.0046708263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977908,0.0004630749,0.000089993875,0.001345886,0.00012076517,0.0000030071935,6.700326e-7,0.0000024591086,0.00018335223],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983641,0.00010135809,0.00025876716,0.00016867925,0.00072812487,0.00037897014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914885,0.00012079885,0.00012430311,0.0000946954,0.00015659918,0.00035474278],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013878638,0.00007110826,0.00010104441,0.00010123663,0.0008455332,0.0002193172,0.00050522154,0.00003064783,0.00033767556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026897388,0.000053825504,0.000023374932,0.00070533453,0.0033150993,0.0009264643,0.000011902549,0.00014580484,0.0000029820026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010049615,0.00004983957,0.7492122,0.000005303725,0.000006885831,0.00009145662,0.12164609,0.001468995,0.00005571514,0.06433629,0.0050461227,0.057980623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00038944682,0.000046726025,0.2425191,0.00012291453,0.0000051987463,0.00008982867,0.016343798,0.0004884897,0.000021404843,0.0045775003,0.73523104,0.0001645343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03091325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.13481337,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.730185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004598299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023651295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993973},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209186008","doi":"10.4337/9781839103285.00016","title":"Decentralization and subnational politics in North America","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Politics; Revenue sharing; Revenue; State (computer science); Ideology; Local government; Democracy; Economic policy; Political science; Tax revenue; Political economy; Government (linguistics); Economics; Public economics; Market economy; Public administration; Finance","score_opus":0.019136524585325623,"score_gpt":0.2446976355522776,"score_spread":0.22556111096695197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3209186008","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0012206482,0.00046229016,0.0007170808,0.0014247469,0.0006159701,0.00030110826,0.000071614435,0.000082657076,0.9951039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.065938845,0.0025340202,0.00065506843,0.0031498629,0.0016601159,0.000021770382,0.0014579288,0.000106567306,0.92447585],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978219,0.00006948552,0.00036113625,0.00039705247,0.00094367604,0.00040669373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999081,0.000108216205,0.00023572768,0.00016738266,0.00023935155,0.00016830162],"candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002785026,0.00020851182,0.00026453516,0.00015001617,0.00027733218,0.0010752635,0.00022794324,0.00036126107,0.0002766564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000519242,0.00024325428,0.0000655662,0.00008660222,0.00022252406,0.0006884712,0.00009526757,0.0003374925,0.000012000687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000043438845,0.000013453478,0.0046536787,0.000024028368,0.000018566221,0.00002155945,0.0035202182,0.00001925505,5.3614025e-7,0.96912956,0.009639493,0.012955328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021007459,0.000010946337,0.002313846,0.00010187124,0.000019396444,9.867297e-7,0.00028015146,0.00004164468,0.000003124922,0.014961795,0.98177236,0.00028378042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00090942846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011074442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97213286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005086715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006577965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99996173},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3214325796","doi":"10.1057/s41599-021-00954-z","title":"Global diffusion of three road safety policies, 1964–2015","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Convergence (economics); Realm; Generalizability theory; Coercion (linguistics); Political science; Imitation; Economics; Public economics; Development economics; Economic growth; Law; Psychology; Social psychology","score_opus":0.11206747712734569,"score_gpt":0.3535460421573793,"score_spread":0.2414785650300336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3214325796","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.33954927,0.0041482593,0.00072055764,0.020076396,0.00026397008,0.0002628243,0.00012847256,0.000061522376,0.63478875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945641,0.0038941333,0.000283839,0.0005665226,0.000068919624,0.000004654588,0.00001493348,0.0000022047395,0.0006006484],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99892354,0.00016512071,0.00019467875,0.00011759645,0.00039906043,0.00019998345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994567,0.00007212247,0.00011313247,0.00020014012,0.00013506872,0.000022853339],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037748384,0.000060565086,0.000121893616,0.000018276125,0.0034781806,0.0001370169,0.0004683854,0.00005684838,0.00009919615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007025775,0.00006013501,0.00004533805,0.00041922063,0.0023121198,0.00018060139,0.00028817137,0.00004609064,0.0000021676417],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001830436,0.00005359022,0.015926313,0.000003895856,0.0000041098006,1.3539383e-7,0.014260752,0.000001549117,0.0000123170985,0.964472,0.00062314793,0.0046403557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028507368,0.000042507207,0.21490014,0.000034233817,0.000028055982,8.219609e-7,0.081004374,0.00022480887,0.000008114895,0.042636618,0.66062677,0.0002084691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010730167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07870967,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92183536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000106987296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002903846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978192},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W323895390","doi":"10.59876/a-9qm2-mybs","title":"Les théories des choix publics expliquent-elles de façon adéquate la croissance de la taille de l'état?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management international","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Political science; Philosophy","score_opus":0.015624240616653816,"score_gpt":0.3054837341044798,"score_spread":0.289859493487826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W323895390","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39030096,0.00014698178,0.116320126,0.006329036,0.00021573454,0.00019959545,0.0000148399195,0.00014829,0.48632446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745745,0.0010118805,0.00370027,0.0002811653,0.00020857556,0.000048636055,0.00002690306,0.000011846248,0.020136217],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987739,0.00013247048,0.00016137796,0.00017357894,0.0004467263,0.00031196812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996305,0.000093273746,0.00008861819,0.00008195407,0.000057308902,0.00004834194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067931734,0.000097670076,0.00006907686,0.00006360046,0.00031445458,0.00038276837,0.000330178,0.000065957116,0.00018883051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009167738,0.00010347371,0.00005189952,0.00014689786,0.00024250605,0.00036183643,0.00007986006,0.00007303641,0.00001725771],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017129947,0.00011587081,0.19272234,0.000014434028,0.000028167262,0.000018034274,0.001208174,0.0010635325,0.000049091268,0.7763249,0.01937533,0.009063002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039169868,0.000012145893,0.24010235,0.000052622305,0.000017704871,0.0000018940581,0.0025235482,0.00096621644,0.0005754255,0.07743696,0.6777395,0.00017991243],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042756866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001506033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69888794,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058035867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000058272533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6463588},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W33038176","doi":"10.1097/scs.0000000000007167","title":"The Optimal Taxation Approach to Intergovernmental Grants","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Externality; Economics; Fiscal federalism; Matching (statistics); Public economics; Public good; Fiscal policy; Microeconomics; Optimal tax; Marginal cost; Public finance; Macroeconomics; Market economy","score_opus":0.032821743167167614,"score_gpt":0.33385472671579314,"score_spread":0.3010329835486255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W33038176","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3355809,0.00010757447,0.0003575149,0.0017946633,0.0007558944,0.0018216015,0.000040176714,0.00004853316,0.65949315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823694,0.011680026,0.00072963105,0.00020394828,0.00036397253,0.00017775947,0.000034056193,0.000022895152,0.004418286],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99718755,0.00037797855,0.00039441683,0.0005595121,0.0007604039,0.00072011945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890476,0.00019867034,0.00023013205,0.0004353292,0.000063490384,0.00016761872],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025275615,0.00016660911,0.00021262674,0.00009139018,0.0006288976,0.0004108552,0.00083483086,0.0002716634,0.000019259109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00080410775,0.00014990412,0.00009845155,0.00016789173,0.00028791683,0.0001361269,0.0005050869,0.00065010967,0.000016744265],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037748733,0.0005206572,0.0088646095,0.00004178813,0.000063464184,0.000007454509,0.01241798,0.035434652,0.00004309359,0.053588897,0.002086817,0.8865531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014632833,0.00035085148,0.083124965,0.00043421157,0.000021855252,0.0000026548903,0.03968085,0.027560707,0.00029876505,0.011995663,0.8336101,0.0014560529],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005028295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015243862,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.885097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0028592078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044307896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7476729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W33155339","doi":"10.1002/jms.4674","title":"Irlanda en contexto europeo","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Escritura pública","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; York University","keywords":"Geography; Context (archaeology); Archaeology","score_opus":0.11268613893381352,"score_gpt":0.3420687432208456,"score_spread":0.22938260428703205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W33155339","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.060152255,0.00022764251,0.0014137129,0.0037567704,0.00078894064,0.0002917566,0.000009206724,0.0002374139,0.9331223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99127144,0.00024382018,0.00023050507,0.0009870651,0.00025917808,0.000006596459,0.000003881851,0.000008194918,0.006989335],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999062,0.00011151922,0.00012339646,0.00015591932,0.0002944317,0.0002527073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996478,0.00003094423,0.00004071561,0.00012953761,0.00005465232,0.000096348944],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023640714,0.0000704829,0.000086762535,0.00002311813,0.00020886003,0.00005006476,0.00020909485,0.00006184239,0.0014083919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018575681,0.00006194366,0.00003996695,0.00020357595,0.00009881518,0.00026722348,0.000030769053,0.00006911786,0.00047643928],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052753145,0.00015638064,0.02616583,0.0000066826624,0.00001642252,0.000023763276,0.03509973,3.5295247e-7,0.00020399565,0.8159485,0.098621584,0.02370404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002065664,0.000032137876,0.02253693,0.000009253095,0.000006535723,4.7635405e-7,0.0013610002,0.0000059579847,0.00030573754,0.0014233153,0.9739959,0.000116156996],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014275461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044397212,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93111914,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000055952896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005274115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99950445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W340023484","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199226443.003.0010","title":"Economic Perspectives on Public Organizations","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Normative; Bureaucracy; Public interest; Audit; Political science; Self-interest; Public relations; Positive economics; Economics; Business; Management science; Accounting; Politics; Law","score_opus":0.019833124648256997,"score_gpt":0.22085142528716098,"score_spread":0.20101830063890397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W340023484","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000057874502,0.00003391827,0.00022186275,0.00030783768,0.00013006535,0.00024753757,0.00005887584,0.00012158331,0.9988204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0057952455,0.00205833,0.00003638477,0.00009202308,0.00018967265,1.936694e-7,0.000027663107,0.000018952816,0.99178153],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990237,0.000032602176,0.00009919101,0.00032424674,0.0002664746,0.0002538271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935055,0.00003430433,0.00015459974,0.00021842848,0.00011267048,0.00012946528],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007593163,0.00016887177,0.00016982816,0.000095643714,0.0005581264,0.00009888286,0.0003402509,0.00027719073,0.0003339625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024807961,0.00020811724,0.000081920334,0.00001368503,0.00020804211,0.00017548056,0.000057674428,0.00016313982,0.000012923309],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013140073,0.0000128034035,0.000010386082,0.000002199471,0.000026764426,0.000008308641,0.0022327974,0.000013386566,2.7173428e-7,0.989136,0.0041404003,0.004403549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019111701,0.000040470994,0.000018815466,0.000025179042,0.00003756759,1.9715623e-7,0.0012865945,0.0000070247324,0.0000049345226,0.0022162336,0.99595183,0.0002200439],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00015954876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045757976,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9918114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010999856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003695395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8486775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200152314","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14668809","title":"Bridging divides : what can cities do? a summary of the public forum held on May 13, 2015,at Ryerson University","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Politics; Political science; Public transport; Public relations; Public administration; Regional science; Business; Sociology; Computer science; Computer security","score_opus":0.024653380355702727,"score_gpt":0.2508156116015594,"score_spread":0.2261622312458567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200152314","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8230085,0.0018765959,0.0013017087,0.086409375,0.003701209,0.0009468821,0.00012023888,0.00013352938,0.08250201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96720797,0.0062788134,0.000017345594,0.0006879246,0.000083861916,0.0000020979664,0.000032805554,0.000008371696,0.025680827],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808675,0.00024959666,0.00016096304,0.00033624555,0.0008164948,0.00034994056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991524,0.000087902736,0.00022497038,0.00034685136,0.00010990057,0.00007792657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031702776,0.00015463629,0.0002238876,0.00005235323,0.0005519384,0.000394558,0.0005091505,0.00021140344,0.0003560711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011312955,0.00012755192,0.00019312106,0.0002539513,0.0002666067,0.000490146,0.0009282131,0.00020108349,0.0000033808449],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001074585,0.00030517645,0.5033519,0.00034313343,0.0002447718,0.00003844221,0.044960137,0.000702073,0.00006334346,0.23258518,0.18426903,0.03302934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011009559,0.00011413008,0.059007335,0.0040183356,0.0002138945,0.0000016402228,0.5264595,0.0006392201,0.0057982933,0.004413878,0.39667985,0.00155294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014312317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.097190395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48149937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078420056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005118815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99225146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200387261","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14668809.v2","title":"Bridging divides : what can cities do? a summary of the public forum held on May 13, 2015,at Ryerson University","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Politics; Political science; Public transport; Regional science; Public relations; Public administration; Geography; Computer science; Computer security","score_opus":0.024653380355702727,"score_gpt":0.2508156116015594,"score_spread":0.2261622312458567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200387261","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8230085,0.0018765959,0.0013017087,0.086409375,0.003701209,0.0009468821,0.00012023888,0.00013352938,0.08250201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96720797,0.0062788134,0.000017345594,0.0006879246,0.000083861916,0.0000020979664,0.000032805554,0.000008371696,0.025680827],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808675,0.00024959666,0.00016096304,0.00033624555,0.0008164948,0.00034994056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991524,0.000087902736,0.00022497038,0.00034685136,0.00010990057,0.00007792657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031702776,0.00015463629,0.0002238876,0.00005235323,0.0005519384,0.000394558,0.0005091505,0.00021140344,0.0003560711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011312955,0.00012755192,0.00019312106,0.0002539513,0.0002666067,0.000490146,0.0009282131,0.00020108349,0.0000033808449],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001074585,0.00030517645,0.5033519,0.00034313343,0.0002447718,0.00003844221,0.044960137,0.000702073,0.00006334346,0.23258518,0.18426903,0.03302934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011009559,0.00011413008,0.059007335,0.0040183356,0.0002138945,0.0000016402228,0.5264595,0.0006392201,0.0057982933,0.004413878,0.39667985,0.00155294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014312317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.097190395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48149937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078420056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005118815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99225146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205434438","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/qpzc2","title":"Policy Responsiveness in Developing Democracies: Evidence from Latin America","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Latin Americans; Unitary state; Government (linguistics); Ideology; State (computer science); Socioeconomic status; Political science; Position (finance); Empirical evidence; Phenomenon; Developing country; Inequality; Development economics; Economics; Political economy; Economic growth; Sociology; Politics; Population; Demography; Finance","score_opus":0.06900672094656743,"score_gpt":0.37320749992373314,"score_spread":0.3042007789771657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205434438","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8033946,0.0014365169,0.06544281,0.07333988,0.0021814844,0.0018526837,0.00013023545,0.0003901471,0.051831644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95567226,0.018254988,0.009930094,0.0052178507,0.0008189585,0.0002447642,0.00010118418,0.000035378504,0.009724533],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974526,0.0005875623,0.0003402971,0.00046651476,0.00079733686,0.0003556738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987613,0.00062113226,0.00022098176,0.00027458998,0.000060844493,0.000061184975],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005234292,0.00015449688,0.00026108307,0.00014233867,0.0003170595,0.00012691066,0.0005642883,0.00016374144,0.0010503255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00211021,0.00016645133,0.000063554086,0.0008750187,0.0001232692,0.00021374233,0.00078361825,0.00031024995,0.000032233685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047031278,0.00018751914,0.55059886,0.00017039543,0.000075233685,0.00012750083,0.15534297,0.021611325,0.0001586029,0.21130615,0.008831913,0.051119234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00037998392,0.000041702046,0.4722733,0.0014984588,0.00002682533,1.4915473e-7,0.027404657,0.001115774,0.00029649245,0.112708494,0.38296595,0.0012882106],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.11985336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009219783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.37413403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016615143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027810815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99986285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206220992","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/zx6at","title":"Tax Competition and Global Background Justice*","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Global justice; Tax competition; Economic Justice; Politics; Political science; Economics; Law and economics; Political economy; Law; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax","score_opus":0.051853149693718785,"score_gpt":0.3338525543777645,"score_spread":0.2819994046840457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206220992","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.054213013,0.00052399613,0.11424507,0.022691103,0.0023492046,0.00075219607,0.00019060634,0.00029386158,0.80474097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936347,0.0018873148,0.00094294053,0.0014851978,0.00054000824,0.000007659418,0.000062407715,0.0000051744555,0.0014345768],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990111,0.000063770334,0.000128932,0.00026276935,0.00037465815,0.00015876553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966556,0.00002111582,0.00008189553,0.00008401546,0.000040848437,0.000106540494],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000115082286,0.00009661999,0.00012996366,0.0000062656104,0.00018905954,0.00019712135,0.000120486126,0.00017522703,0.0003901557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000053671338,0.000097238306,0.00003424193,0.000096138756,0.0001229297,0.00009949862,0.00019336712,0.00010468891,0.00006993949],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008465344,0.000018343662,0.0024635252,0.00007643063,0.000008654204,0.0000033473189,0.0006495552,0.000024166206,0.000002567857,0.98373055,0.011492804,0.0015215904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006445446,0.000068502064,0.039888453,0.00020037846,0.00030588385,0.000001122285,0.012651415,0.0019018687,0.00002465894,0.26940417,0.67412645,0.00078256364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026551816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002233525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9394217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020876952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014635704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42719314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206326641","doi":"10.1002/cjs.5550350211","title":"Volume 35 (2007): Subscription rates/Frais d'abonnement","year":2007,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Statistics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Volume (thermodynamics); Library science; Computer science; Information retrieval; Advertising; Business; Physics","score_opus":0.021667060599317223,"score_gpt":0.2621321123876334,"score_spread":0.24046505178831618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206326641","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.033468347,0.015451655,0.8989132,0.007817306,0.024782676,0.00032113833,0.0010350181,0.000008787893,0.018201847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93265855,0.0046670744,0.013555491,0.0022139933,0.0032574376,8.529142e-7,0.00004607778,0.000041550855,0.04355894],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977246,0.000097625096,0.0006966132,0.00012849529,0.0006053068,0.00074735674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99761546,0.0000862394,0.000528927,0.00009935062,0.00053680525,0.001133197],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001325198,0.00015102296,0.00022686472,0.00014556319,0.00039190057,0.00014246254,0.00022345464,0.00016727099,0.0040894174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041711764,0.00017030291,0.00006831608,0.00044427474,0.00044642398,0.0003798357,0.0000062801964,0.00024961508,0.00016875347],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025537982,0.000057164096,0.05155218,0.00004339386,0.00005374807,0.0007951484,0.00596458,0.00017704976,0.00001189396,0.27297693,0.5883192,0.08002318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003873638,0.000216028,0.049739875,0.00014574225,0.000091091715,0.000023402557,0.0029255014,0.00025918617,0.00003389308,0.005605298,0.94037426,0.0001983363],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.041421972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.25610813,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89919025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016312763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022837638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996821},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206960778","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv282jfmj","title":"New Developments in Urban Governance","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Bristol University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Environmental planning; Geography; Political science; Business","score_opus":0.017991778746376995,"score_gpt":0.21475261989552843,"score_spread":0.19676084114915143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206960778","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000028828907,0.00020457647,0.00019212722,0.000034704044,0.00033988303,0.0003596694,0.000054761553,0.000061114384,0.99872434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005518364,0.00052464625,0.0001295777,0.00008875294,0.00010443412,6.3637424e-7,0.00003760828,0.000017068423,0.99854547],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982883,0.00010842686,0.0001577489,0.000361365,0.0007643514,0.0003198421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937725,0.000034490327,0.0002463511,0.00018512279,0.000030488973,0.00012628485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013951412,0.00016906971,0.00022944108,0.000053556832,0.00035390054,0.000040351035,0.0006153349,0.00021606387,0.0002438922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021377724,0.00024146336,0.000074555704,0.000047542308,0.00009809015,0.0001501975,0.00025114065,0.0002937678,0.000012619476],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049311006,0.000014454648,0.00027982844,0.000014755697,0.000015961625,0.00014741434,0.0034200589,0.0000074286963,2.7136315e-7,0.5295116,0.46005228,0.006486702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044514923,0.000010809478,0.00047582216,0.00006371709,0.000020153248,3.16992e-7,0.000185198,0.0000018240079,0.0000035930045,0.0002668881,0.9982585,0.0002680371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010342416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002558669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5382062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034488917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021184194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962478},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210643738","doi":"10.12660/cgpc.v27n87.85110","title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the comparative practice of federalism: Some preliminary observations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cadernos Gestão Pública e Cidadania","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Federation of University Women","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Federalism; Corporate governance; Political science; Public health; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Development economics; Geography; Economic growth; Politics; Business; Economics; Law; Medicine","score_opus":0.11254807363191202,"score_gpt":0.38414899987837936,"score_spread":0.27160092624646737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210643738","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9335003,0.0003249924,0.00037434447,0.05214438,0.00020629026,0.0011220534,0.0002439722,0.00006809197,0.012015576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99579835,0.00012491325,0.000060591345,0.0031296646,0.000070374816,0.00008292548,0.000030672374,0.000010609655,0.00069189136],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99741226,0.0007384067,0.00035532622,0.00023054492,0.0009964302,0.00026701845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99744284,0.0014167579,0.00053687335,0.0002970404,0.00017081446,0.00013565477],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007633282,0.0001302736,0.00023390906,0.000060509046,0.0010420525,0.000041034236,0.0004691782,0.000057553425,0.00048881234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015865649,0.000104032086,0.0001401966,0.0007159708,0.0002998754,0.00039434168,0.0001182733,0.00024367824,0.0000084902495],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055860495,0.00095154083,0.011493262,0.000024643634,0.00013447521,0.000008229829,0.049122065,0.008163255,0.0010497276,0.8099604,0.11836904,0.00016469872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017296305,0.0032768364,0.25028256,0.000049561622,0.00019862391,0.000012337873,0.080385186,0.0011363127,0.001300515,0.011348445,0.6496181,0.00066188606],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028876998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000056439752,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.798612,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005740844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000860832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.80147314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210918248","doi":"10.1111/1540-5982.00044","title":"Reviews of books/Comptes rendus","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Art","score_opus":0.14401331835094872,"score_gpt":0.2137918894337759,"score_spread":0.06977857108282717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210918248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720452,0.0014869776,0.000018406381,0.0014982728,0.0006048857,0.00020069286,0.000047061676,0.0000031433588,0.024095401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871481,0.008245064,0.00024286725,0.00059431745,0.00052595476,0.000004468032,0.0000050699105,0.000018481474,0.0032156631],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838334,0.0001082471,0.00082619145,0.00016643021,0.0000045161905,0.00051128265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979958,0.00006692182,0.0005777621,0.00020814243,0.00009915513,0.001052222],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009022615,0.00013834152,0.0004892301,0.00018521816,0.0001918207,0.00006222228,0.00043094697,0.00012931917,0.0073160627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018216806,0.00015973054,0.00019364321,0.00012276004,0.00023393311,0.000420685,0.000004427637,0.00014941992,0.000071989794],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000779012,0.000028093691,0.020207662,0.00005100684,0.000091997754,0.000069376234,0.008601408,0.002308225,0.0000136060125,0.85851866,0.027150607,0.08288145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003198545,0.0001324447,0.001104817,0.000115669674,0.000028501569,0.000020726702,0.000598022,0.00007995599,0.00006802283,0.041629802,0.95568395,0.00021823369],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.28748667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9746362,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9285333,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013012098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019536219,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99359137},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210925748","doi":"10.19088/ids.2022.002","title":"Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government: Addressing Contemporary Global Challenges","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"FP7 International Cooperation; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; European Commission; UK Research and Innovation; Federation of Canadian Municipalities; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; United States Agency for International Development; Department for International Development; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Generalitat de Catalunya; Sveriges Regering; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Political science; Government (linguistics); Capacity building; Institution; Public relations; Public administration; Economic growth; Geography; Economics","score_opus":0.13894152119631348,"score_gpt":0.3571734081608187,"score_spread":0.21823188696450524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210925748","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004533094,0.022306582,0.0016548346,0.0019348545,0.0014962461,0.000617885,0.00022490781,0.00013510947,0.97117627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84210396,0.13549604,0.00007225708,0.0005767157,0.00067180605,0.00006453184,0.0002606187,0.000036024376,0.02071803],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954336,0.00027264876,0.00040242888,0.0005106193,0.002989811,0.0003908867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991209,0.00006479955,0.00030648132,0.00018693726,0.00014137597,0.00017949301],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010072753,0.0002464422,0.000354691,0.000015606762,0.0007058926,0.00019898076,0.00019703798,0.0003330484,0.0021110263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027359405,0.00024540853,0.000078401936,0.00018717705,0.00027107258,0.00038061818,0.00014297367,0.00020432874,0.000010800344],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017206196,0.000371838,0.012146103,0.0003896826,0.00019873117,0.00013563807,0.0048375227,0.00007103494,0.0000048054194,0.19498125,0.5235839,0.26310745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003677419,0.000050755585,0.0016438467,0.00009294382,0.000036914505,0.000004522609,0.004360151,0.00007411776,0.000009138205,0.00019235551,0.99284697,0.0003205405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047178813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00400242,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9504582,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029492858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020062784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220723205","doi":"10.1111/caje.12569","title":"Tax competition and political agency problems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Populism; Economics; Competition (biology); Politics; Reputation; Agency (philosophy); Public economics; Welfare; Political economy; Market economy; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.09603853343566685,"score_gpt":0.20388466894429977,"score_spread":0.10784613550863292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4220723205","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98048997,0.0003031517,0.00016789767,0.007766189,0.00075158075,0.00009839767,0.00006461665,0.000003310326,0.01035489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99695283,0.00049929053,0.00017862613,0.0008934295,0.0004903224,0.0000027591125,0.000009570703,0.000012843568,0.00096032897],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99877095,0.000081316204,0.00039194044,0.00017437471,0.0000039859797,0.000577409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979152,0.00006302739,0.00021053945,0.00011361266,0.0001780861,0.0015195385],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004039917,0.00010227495,0.00023988179,0.0001238901,0.00026654944,0.0001535894,0.0001494976,0.00012082641,0.00043322903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027754522,0.00013015892,0.000076138735,0.00009512632,0.00021295754,0.0003929493,0.0000092268465,0.0001401571,0.000008959829],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003998723,0.0000060652987,0.010215699,0.000012214363,0.000018262412,0.00008156085,0.0018676611,0.00015326019,0.0000070810843,0.98604023,0.00029618153,0.0012977684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00061894936,0.00014139821,0.0076322225,0.00013918056,0.000040908468,0.00024994896,0.0036628544,0.00028408322,0.00013971102,0.67425513,0.31246656,0.00036903744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.19985029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9901593,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.790309,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015792333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003336838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.805478},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4223901172","doi":"10.12775/bgss-2022-0012","title":"Towards political cohesion in metropolitan areas. An overview of governance models","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Geography Socio-economic series","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Corporate governance; Cohesion (chemistry); Politics; Political science; Subsidiarity; Legitimacy; Public administration; Regional science; Geography; Business; European union; Economic policy; Finance","score_opus":0.03083722918737778,"score_gpt":0.28879138619599976,"score_spread":0.25795415700862195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4223901172","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9434427,0.0039550336,0.00004131606,0.008302003,0.0003673712,0.00041081017,0.00038134804,0.000046209545,0.0430532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967161,0.002451804,0.0002441728,0.00029569014,0.00004887676,0.000035770652,0.000018046769,0.000012561587,0.00017701455],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99823135,0.00026425684,0.0004522063,0.0002609051,0.00039783434,0.0003934611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993239,0.000055428933,0.00028055336,0.00020577776,0.000039410934,0.000094904666],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006112751,0.00012480095,0.00034448304,0.00007086217,0.00023843857,0.000018506025,0.0003445683,0.000074697666,0.0018419232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000042239986,0.00014549735,0.00017888611,0.00016935277,0.0005518747,0.00018894054,0.00011130778,0.000103337654,0.0000037292405],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008178351,0.0001726091,0.059738703,0.000029444807,0.000016585442,0.0000011996214,0.0014756722,0.00034295578,0.0000047550056,0.93651503,0.000982082,0.0006391495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020316145,0.000982023,0.2355895,0.00011835783,0.000075277225,0.0000028410782,0.13435535,0.00025315117,0.00061501097,0.27246097,0.35263446,0.0008814264],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.040289108,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005804196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6640541,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006674218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020456845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990705},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225135380","doi":"10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-2-136-159","title":"Efficiency of Inter-Budgetary Regulation of Heavily Subsidized Budgets at the Subnational Level","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Finance Theory and Practice","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; McGill University; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; World Bank Group","keywords":"Decentralization; Subsidy; Context (archaeology); Economics; Fiscal federalism; Legislation; Public economics; Revenue; Macroeconomics; Economic system; Accounting; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.028561772078969854,"score_gpt":0.30923421588605077,"score_spread":0.2806724438070809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225135380","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9326207,0.0021334363,0.008443347,0.006790505,0.00047872955,0.0004569639,0.00011786498,0.000018425548,0.04894001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99603134,0.00045287027,0.0001219292,0.0003241827,0.000028097682,0.0000131142015,0.00001368132,0.0000038118053,0.0030109903],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99795675,0.0011696356,0.00021020178,0.00012876143,0.000418357,0.00011627489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99751014,0.0018945299,0.00036327582,0.0001210287,0.000096999436,0.000014053789],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037996992,0.00005576248,0.000099384604,0.000022193804,0.00061030895,0.0000089632495,0.00014161732,0.000028158807,0.0003205481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014985208,0.000046845038,0.000034042285,0.0002762843,0.000304939,0.00033903756,0.000082502265,0.00008182513,0.0000028658346],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013653035,0.00014019961,0.0009091071,0.0000113138185,0.0000110637475,8.6755585e-7,0.010298786,0.00046086774,0.0014628909,0.9794753,0.00088554196,0.0049787257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0020653564,0.0006211343,0.109138854,0.00006801697,0.00016965086,0.000032132724,0.023701161,0.00048632667,0.01287525,0.13403323,0.71636194,0.0004469686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017786166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006571735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8454421,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000071082344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001029767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4694065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226445943","doi":"10.1017/9781108909037.010","title":"Conclusion","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Sovereignty; Federalism; Fiscal union; European union; Constraint (computer-aided design); Economics; Order (exchange); State (computer science); Budget constraint; Political science; Law and economics; Fiscal policy; International economics; Macroeconomics; Decentralization; Law; Finance; Market economy; Neoclassical economics; Politics","score_opus":0.02345277151937685,"score_gpt":0.2227521200609223,"score_spread":0.19929934854154543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226445943","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000034588666,0.00009976107,0.00016733505,0.00006531157,0.00040572416,0.0003077944,0.00013438977,0.00011273966,0.99867237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0010874762,0.0010322098,0.000012020677,0.00015000992,0.00014459624,4.2788145e-7,0.000054257445,0.000019257453,0.99749976],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99871,0.000059649887,0.00010430034,0.00029336786,0.00060793984,0.00022475359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939847,0.00004112871,0.00016450766,0.0002162914,0.00006478557,0.000114790106],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013498568,0.00015394953,0.00018232035,0.000056043977,0.0008845014,0.000033146396,0.00037756143,0.00021197916,0.0002059474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000126782425,0.00020115961,0.00012518499,0.000009400222,0.0002437129,0.000113611095,0.00035739626,0.00024424575,0.000019342842],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028891356,0.0000048241754,0.0000034044617,0.000008650446,0.000017526716,0.00008964134,0.00027819828,0.0000020398732,0.0000026668488,0.916796,0.081670195,0.0010979028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022895438,0.000022705202,0.0000056687904,0.00002717674,0.000058573565,5.638767e-7,0.00018158389,0.0000062489903,0.00001458274,0.00003140076,0.9991961,0.00022645111],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001380534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002645977,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9175259,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072896824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021929166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.82030505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226508137","doi":"10.1017/9781108909037.005","title":"Constitutional Criteria for EU Fiscal Federalism","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Sovereignty; Economics; Fiscal union; Order (exchange); Fiscal policy; Balance (ability); Constitution; Law and economics; Political science; Economic policy; Macroeconomics; Law; Finance; Market economy","score_opus":0.042233506362782086,"score_gpt":0.2607332576213161,"score_spread":0.21849975125853402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4226508137","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000013395094,0.000052348325,0.0027958406,0.0002490712,0.0007213745,0.0005782215,0.0011791823,0.00008576675,0.9943248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001641884,0.00018249828,0.00008847035,0.00037318183,0.00031239635,0.0000031473767,0.00025614313,0.000012280594,0.99713],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99874806,0.00004923629,0.00013436722,0.00033653853,0.00046462013,0.0002671677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993983,0.0000781601,0.00015062178,0.00015711678,0.00009669892,0.00011911962],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015135933,0.00017671163,0.00021542431,0.00003776209,0.0012063021,0.00007694795,0.0003156985,0.00022984053,0.0001741513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002508709,0.00023061296,0.00018378125,0.0000074765403,0.00076085125,0.00014868136,0.00015177525,0.00017354116,0.0000062336694],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000688636,0.0000074344116,0.000002231472,0.00001754917,0.000030150777,0.000030344638,0.00012901255,0.0000022400047,0.0000027180856,0.82348144,0.17597531,0.0002527312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046133247,0.000029304476,0.000005780759,0.000030257725,0.00007866107,0.0000013937812,0.00011196073,0.00002030507,0.00001309105,0.0001455478,0.9988354,0.0002669813],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00047683372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021940865,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8233359,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058592606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002652811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9404124},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229887145","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-36725-1_1","title":"Introduction","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Local government; Accountability; Government (linguistics); Corporate governance; Political science; Public administration; Business; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.019749638226578676,"score_gpt":0.2479193733157917,"score_spread":0.228169735089213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4229887145","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[3.4143716e-7,0.00005872944,0.0010846616,0.017155172,0.0004990304,0.00010110574,0.0000024885949,0.000085032574,0.9810134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00049511547,0.0009012402,0.00006462504,0.00073748775,0.003671696,9.069369e-7,0.000021676335,0.000010037941,0.99409723],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993189,0.0000062818103,0.00009203554,0.00016427344,0.0003363708,0.00008213134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997822,0.0000069179364,0.000058240454,0.00007001749,0.000030428457,0.000052207546],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059183592,0.00006847907,0.00008661897,0.000011961094,0.00010366006,0.00003166405,0.00007142427,0.00013973983,0.0106270565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003422827,0.00006707551,0.000043319582,0.000018339675,0.00006397858,0.00007831648,0.000014267659,0.00007650956,0.0017179685],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017921988,0.000001088086,0.0000024007995,0.000001709572,0.0000032935309,8.0206786e-7,0.00014442568,4.4168098e-7,6.835517e-7,0.7250283,0.2711784,0.003636662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025469555,0.000009368142,0.0000032178536,0.000004281415,0.000009256503,5.7818628e-8,0.000040023115,0.0000022527354,0.0000071610416,0.041767787,0.9580506,0.00008053211],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006130292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015336528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6868722,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011019865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000069090536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231588810","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199226443.003.0017","title":"Decentralization","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Quarter (Canadian coin); Political science; History; Law; Archaeology","score_opus":0.024338051530226567,"score_gpt":0.22906014141473577,"score_spread":0.2047220898845092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4231588810","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000012427435,0.00005822693,0.0013776461,0.000070990296,0.00017489002,0.00030236455,0.000026299702,0.00013218076,0.997845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006607919,0.003457047,0.000081490965,0.00014288157,0.00014324042,1.5230616e-7,0.000043483815,0.000016083945,0.99545485],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99880964,0.000035356028,0.00012341932,0.0002688137,0.0004888135,0.00027397322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993855,0.000020644835,0.00018019167,0.00019019427,0.00009485039,0.000128665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000088349065,0.00017488979,0.00018092355,0.00005877354,0.0003926411,0.00005982734,0.00030043384,0.00037537667,0.00013922485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011349258,0.00021788503,0.00011103882,0.000011555408,0.00016128516,0.00015493782,0.000051218125,0.00014186982,0.0000030192762],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027200611,0.000007362146,0.000010973825,0.0000069663174,0.000017005459,0.000022919128,0.0005431228,0.0000094283205,7.607695e-7,0.9687569,0.006551916,0.024045447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021758949,0.000022858214,0.000017494865,0.000063504456,0.00006933995,2.6348235e-7,0.00006336229,0.000012378293,0.000014807032,0.003968143,0.99531174,0.00023854649],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00017106245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024422738,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9887598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040794874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001541554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88850933},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233077551","doi":"10.24124/2003/bpgub283","title":"Determining tax rates: Are property tax rates determined on the basis of political factors, by politicians?","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec; Government of Canada; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo","keywords":"Politics; Property (philosophy); Property tax; Law and economics; Political science; Economics; Monetary economics; Art; Public economics; Philosophy; Tax reform; Law; Epistemology","score_opus":0.03173503135533508,"score_gpt":0.310624870600699,"score_spread":0.2788898392453639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233077551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8307167,0.00009531631,0.00010834986,0.0014519618,0.0008716597,0.0011313485,0.0003341677,0.000074460295,0.16521601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89854175,0.00010754062,0.000023641547,0.00095627183,0.0000990341,0.000043696633,0.00023644333,0.0000338348,0.09995781],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971477,0.0003353359,0.0005143334,0.00039143182,0.0008838821,0.0007273123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99851876,0.00040194878,0.00044797023,0.00025547767,0.00020447196,0.00017134708],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030528274,0.00033037667,0.00043862333,0.000062123836,0.00046004838,0.00014506097,0.00036836363,0.0003950347,0.0008129261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012717481,0.00018449986,0.00016457011,0.00029431572,0.0001926814,0.0001900116,0.0000126825325,0.00020794099,0.000026256499],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024748177,0.0009930325,0.1731292,0.00051201216,0.00023776527,0.000020176123,0.016873877,0.00000596502,0.0017124274,0.64881796,0.15290654,0.0045435387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015622607,0.00090896914,0.08204861,0.0024020511,0.0005108918,0.0000012581675,0.3135891,0.00030915832,0.45811996,0.0053185555,0.13226655,0.0029626042],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058559556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005548295,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.64349943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028139193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035677047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.890097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244015950","doi":"10.3138/cpp.36.2.215","title":"Péréquation et comportement stratégique des provinces bénéficiaires : un contre-exemple intrigant","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Equalization (audio); Payment; Treasury; Government (linguistics); Economics; Liberian dollar; Transfer payment; Work (physics); Welfare economics; Geography; Finance; Engineering; Mathematics; Statistics; Welfare","score_opus":0.018772497783141023,"score_gpt":0.29857878953089584,"score_spread":0.27980629174775484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4244015950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80612177,0.000084998566,0.0012251912,0.07607118,0.0004971115,0.0007912802,0.00012651928,0.00014281592,0.11493915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99535304,0.00010220892,0.00016490406,0.0032352803,0.00042120315,0.00002912584,0.000057764595,0.000011367505,0.0006250852],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840975,0.00012284328,0.0002321203,0.00021038871,0.00036801584,0.0006568937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99882257,0.00005246342,0.00011591644,0.00017450641,0.00015600986,0.00067852624],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007376653,0.000116293886,0.00012291875,0.00020281509,0.0007440973,0.00036547493,0.00027654038,0.00013472863,0.0004123104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009284496,0.000115878895,0.000040494127,0.00052442675,0.00033862644,0.0005941096,0.00001729511,0.00015787981,0.000038149767],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000017550818,0.000031507927,0.030558422,0.000004138406,0.00000893563,0.0000044236876,0.0020326537,0.000001766055,0.00008858104,0.92292464,0.003275321,0.041067876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035654273,0.000042232,0.117963776,0.000012901098,0.000008366981,0.0000017665466,0.0015127026,0.00012654942,0.00029863877,0.045063782,0.8343418,0.00027091845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.82798254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9871375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87786084,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070845295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009024938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246131479","doi":"10.1007/978-1-349-74173-1_158","title":"Games of Secession","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Secession; Decentralization; Politics; Political science; Czech; Political economy; Soviet union; Sociology; Law","score_opus":0.025057038296097404,"score_gpt":0.2593480938196313,"score_spread":0.2342910555235339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246131479","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00013036803,0.0008259065,0.0001152654,0.000053783788,0.00032115358,0.00030925064,0.000049378505,0.000054731914,0.99814016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90145135,0.001709812,0.000057121644,0.00010152655,0.0002717051,0.000004959685,0.000017994009,0.0000327001,0.09635284],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99813265,0.000037543145,0.00037809068,0.00030713034,0.0008421413,0.00030247399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990259,0.00006133347,0.00039809124,0.00028970707,0.000107113585,0.00011785668],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018483297,0.00024432028,0.0003686557,0.00008809065,0.00016577798,0.000030527608,0.00027734393,0.00039161503,0.0025314647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000038991584,0.0002288106,0.0001840978,0.000022656297,0.00031737814,9.027899e-7,0.000064416636,0.000146612,0.00013477179],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001051569,3.9433453e-7,0.0002745557,0.000032179418,0.000023997614,0.000008632856,0.0015286157,9.709489e-7,0.000022074242,0.9772858,0.00025792498,0.02055434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024160836,0.00005503768,0.00020236055,0.00030946961,0.000055985245,7.931611e-7,0.00013506223,0.00001178182,0.00024399333,0.88782483,0.11055573,0.0003633498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022408392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00025320592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90178734,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000118001255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000082089326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99838036},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246481099","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511626883","title":"Fiscal Federalism","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Variety (cybernetics); Federalism; Competition (biology); Language change; Government (linguistics); Corporate governance; Decentralization; Political science; State (computer science); Globalization; Public administration; Economics; Management; Politics; Computer science; Law","score_opus":0.019693108648991126,"score_gpt":0.22678985451964148,"score_spread":0.20709674587065036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246481099","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003722472,0.00008194948,0.00044751313,0.00012315557,0.00023629505,0.00032602152,0.000054561457,0.00015663718,0.99853665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003283183,0.0003744696,0.000030522453,0.00035291727,0.00042244015,3.0411337e-7,0.00006899761,0.000015714379,0.9984063],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99847317,0.000111206085,0.00012799913,0.0003449914,0.00057534745,0.00036727486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929947,0.000042730233,0.00016146514,0.00023889715,0.00008039183,0.00017703116],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012559816,0.00020459967,0.00025131268,0.000058064896,0.00058648805,0.00010765702,0.0004422379,0.0004608765,0.000009861719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021616544,0.00025302573,0.00015971222,0.000018036699,0.00026512478,0.00014793209,0.00009097758,0.00026021514,0.000027435006],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014539017,0.0000071911973,0.0000027104666,0.000007435937,0.000011274377,0.000056393546,0.00016577597,8.4543734e-7,5.960581e-7,0.5264201,0.47230396,0.001009162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002899836,0.000023876386,0.00005479056,0.0000715188,0.000065447435,6.8786807e-7,0.00010039829,0.000008470835,0.000017899485,0.00005007513,0.99902815,0.00028867574],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000784385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004616911,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5267242,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00088844734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044938005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999922},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247398904","doi":"10.1057/9780230226203.2566","title":"fiscal federalism","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"reference-entry","venue":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Public finance; Jurisdiction; Devolution (biology); Revenue; Political science; Government (linguistics); Economics; Public good; Public administration; Politics; Public economics; Finance; Decentralization; Sociology; Law; Neoclassical economics","score_opus":0.04134543937562405,"score_gpt":0.2609046427903392,"score_spread":0.21955920341471516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4247398904","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0023924413,0.0019901674,0.00039958148,0.0024189532,0.00358636,0.0003926348,0.00020878493,0.000045355562,0.98856574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12324326,0.5724627,0.0002736379,0.0012122308,0.00584064,0.00002967018,0.000719483,0.00007621716,0.29614222],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987613,0.000099599965,0.000402807,0.0002600992,0.00018435372,0.00029183208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99901086,0.00011039343,0.0004364277,0.0002808405,0.00004443908,0.000117052805],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002463971,0.00019304549,0.00031697433,0.00005160812,0.00040230755,0.000050779905,0.00047773262,0.0003770838,0.0010368216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004198384,0.00016158601,0.00020441641,0.00009119331,0.00029762805,0.000074765936,0.00007204985,0.00023746295,0.0001038961],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005151357,0.000032033782,0.00074983266,0.00002212168,0.00010173384,8.399497e-7,0.0031168298,0.000044272863,8.885294e-8,0.46589836,0.50357383,0.026408557],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000197822,0.000038512135,0.0017282526,0.00006901485,0.00006111662,0.0000011506158,0.0004807751,0.00003124826,0.0000089983105,0.13612394,0.8610766,0.00018256632],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047317455,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016234106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6924235,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023225317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00062828336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4248048743","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12158","title":"Issue Information","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"Economics of Transition","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Computer science; Library science","score_opus":0.00906405448208756,"score_gpt":0.24957771310024648,"score_spread":0.24051365861815893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4248048743","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0062902113,0.00013151272,0.015361278,0.0018785434,0.0060404786,0.0004386263,0.00044660072,0.00002237835,0.9693904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.60832095,0.08053653,0.0022388375,0.0065986374,0.013834558,0.000106583764,0.013520588,0.000115813644,0.2747275],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931836,0.0000335816,0.0003071665,0.000094857634,0.000107963584,0.00013806131],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948794,0.000014831478,0.00027179907,0.00010296045,0.000085461266,0.000037031692],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019823779,0.00008776065,0.00016891526,0.000065426364,0.00011325871,0.00005097238,0.00012443148,0.00026243404,0.0058955844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000011835124,0.00010638569,0.0000723055,0.000062759165,0.000121729456,0.0008209317,0.000005667991,0.00005717103,0.00850921],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049882645,0.000033588978,0.00000402521,0.000111482215,0.000029372948,5.0324868e-8,0.012687587,0.0010086207,0.0000045924053,0.01216458,0.9645353,0.00937093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015274645,0.00003292071,0.000019449222,0.000043931163,0.000014738724,5.1989e-8,0.00052922143,0.00009833731,0.00042005075,0.00056289614,0.9980123,0.00011333563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006431671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019520636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.69466287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017793465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018073953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950132},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251713102","doi":"10.5539/jsd.v7n5","title":"Human Resource Capacity Needs at the District Assemblies: A Study at Assin South District Assembly in Ghana","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sustainable Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Remuneration; Business; Nonprobability sampling; Incentive; Government (linguistics); Capacity building; Decentralization; Human resources; Autonomy; Resource (disambiguation); Schedule; Operations management; Marketing; Economic growth; Finance; Management; Economics; Medicine; Political science; Environmental health","score_opus":0.02083103934161874,"score_gpt":0.2641706705268276,"score_spread":0.24333963118520885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4251713102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98938257,0.000070162896,0.00063199335,0.00077412784,0.000103362596,0.0004594857,0.0000010071251,0.0000140669745,0.008563202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985567,0.000009656257,0.00005693915,0.00014165594,0.00012880405,0.000015620279,0.000002862765,0.000013403152,0.014064089],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963408,0.00054816785,0.0007704293,0.00019254176,0.0014814298,0.0006666249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984788,0.0001624194,0.0007080339,0.00019566716,0.0002828596,0.0001722366],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0040714922,0.00018841309,0.00033016934,0.00023496203,0.0014903062,0.00022015844,0.00049252703,0.00009864891,0.00006946687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000674065,0.00013454426,0.00008902469,0.0012569007,0.0001229609,0.0003549609,0.00023317935,0.0002503063,0.000011418272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019453172,0.001088427,0.7270353,0.00006818048,0.000120611236,0.00025510162,0.2367176,0.00050151726,0.000057975856,0.010046364,0.019707005,0.0042074197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010576447,0.00017827319,0.50643486,0.000039563707,0.000029458122,0.0000038066291,0.29295102,0.000013029522,0.00015676429,0.000108246255,0.19880818,0.00021920122],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062827545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015924796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22060044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004712346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047387765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251796056","doi":"10.3138/9781442629455","title":"Growing Urban Economies","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of Toronto Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economic geography; Economics; Economy; Geography; Business","score_opus":0.015732561782718955,"score_gpt":0.21208175565401927,"score_spread":0.19634919387130031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4251796056","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000018517649,0.00075285276,0.00019918861,0.000030169402,0.00022606162,0.00016448401,0.000049036047,0.000042436244,0.9985173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00039392483,0.0014804298,0.00004924767,0.000026727452,0.00020318119,1.2264651e-7,0.0000062240883,0.000009033279,0.9978311],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992253,0.00004537666,0.00009962175,0.00019416292,0.00024905117,0.00018644148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944764,0.000048629307,0.00020550343,0.00016805269,0.000057874273,0.00007231358],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010286962,0.00011065051,0.00020647122,0.000008135128,0.00022266812,0.000016898377,0.00035301453,0.00023145159,0.0005538225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010290023,0.00012331798,0.000116435105,5.8699567e-7,0.00029586142,0.00035469033,0.000093364695,0.000047094156,0.000012758403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043077835,0.000009495704,0.000046303212,0.000037324462,0.000067720575,0.0000070037822,0.015637405,9.433036e-7,0.0000070376004,0.7563809,0.21599044,0.011772343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021497074,0.000017065702,0.000024029745,0.0001221971,0.000043755925,4.3188006e-8,0.0002503093,0.0000012812957,0.00003094435,0.0008477257,0.9982998,0.00014788247],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08232679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03816113,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.78230935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001029163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030199872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9793899},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251869773","doi":"10.1111/capa.12071","title":"Canadian Public Budgeting in the Age of Crises: Shifting Budgetary Domains and Temporal Budgeting. <i>By</i>G. BRUCEDOERN, ALLAN M.MASLOVE, <i>and</i>MICHAEL J.PRINCE. Montreal &amp; Kingston<i>:</i>McGill‐Queen's University Press, 2013. <i>Pp</i>. xi, 282, bibliographic references, index.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Queen (butterfly); Public servant; Citation; Index (typography); Classics; History; Library science; Media studies; Management; Sociology; Political science; Law; Economics; Computer science","score_opus":0.01610417772600757,"score_gpt":0.22787197892668137,"score_spread":0.2117678012006738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4251869773","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.86006194,0.0006272815,0.0006127976,0.09799899,0.00034381117,0.0014063682,0.00074907654,0.00012201269,0.038077697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99554783,0.0017263653,0.00013851558,0.0016630534,0.0000984062,0.000010169111,0.00044983916,0.000020799673,0.00034499404],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9967434,0.00059263466,0.0004890827,0.0005759934,0.00063967786,0.0009592251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99802214,0.0002105959,0.0003698958,0.00032342653,0.00019567774,0.00087826466],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017036428,0.00028491323,0.00031134178,0.0008097491,0.0012467477,0.00050773745,0.0005754621,0.00033364736,0.000024519073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044460557,0.00028913567,0.000065608045,0.0021301624,0.00048440526,0.0010956638,0.000054551943,0.0003451073,0.0000018415234],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030367062,0.00007686263,0.81883717,0.000067891524,0.000036062414,0.00004412037,0.0017527781,0.0000032057033,0.000028629145,0.14073038,0.03522146,0.00317106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005124372,0.000070664915,0.080111116,0.000045504865,0.000024116174,0.000003748943,0.0021836255,0.00012755109,0.000006707489,0.00050948805,0.91604465,0.00036036718],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.91244453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99615216,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8808232,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004152148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017580681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999561},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4252611335","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781316146125","title":"Decentralization and Intrastate Struggles","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Federalism; Autonomy; Politics; Ethnic group; Political science; Corporate governance; Political economy; Ethnic conflict; Regional autonomy; Economic system; Development economics; Public administration; Sociology; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.023275657275502914,"score_gpt":0.23154307238681499,"score_spread":0.20826741511131208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4252611335","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00036298763,0.00023236747,0.0012570983,0.00003526086,0.0002438168,0.00035677425,0.00014642919,0.000107221764,0.99725807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0011563404,0.0018473982,0.000044918565,0.0000604484,0.00016601468,4.1367292e-7,0.0001211497,0.000018963203,0.99658436],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998657,0.00011731833,0.00012783309,0.00031045917,0.0004882312,0.00029919864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999212,0.000037764825,0.00017450248,0.00015770172,0.00018285756,0.00023512998],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017627912,0.00018241066,0.0002132703,0.00006334554,0.00030877383,0.000098302386,0.00022634909,0.00028758717,0.0000043635914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004106264,0.00022286517,0.000047045254,0.000022427512,0.00038158256,0.00020400554,0.00011783879,0.00014923545,0.0000057556917],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028215329,0.0000063052044,0.000031295243,0.000026464333,0.000020457039,0.00002560489,0.0007322925,0.000003039055,0.0000012488478,0.68801093,0.30920768,0.0019064852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00035588085,0.000020577188,0.000038802355,0.00007438171,0.000083671745,8.16885e-7,0.00045817194,0.000039847597,0.000019789499,0.00009262274,0.9985713,0.00024418978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006884081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008362081,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6893636,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007094336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006582526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.90881777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254757976","doi":"10.1787/9789264114470-2-en","title":"Acknowledgements","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"OECD multi-level governance studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Public administration; Government (linguistics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Library science; Management; Economics; Geography; Computer science","score_opus":0.20451692541519606,"score_gpt":0.35759799876612,"score_spread":0.1530810733509239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254757976","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000017090193,0.02036292,0.00057772966,0.00026075798,0.0035708623,0.0006295438,0.00039311594,0.00014228419,0.9740457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00093570637,0.0975321,0.0007048577,0.00031063773,0.00078953156,0.00003641782,0.000020308958,0.00006542685,0.89960504],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99720526,0.000037403377,0.00048493547,0.00063904107,0.0010352895,0.00059804576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99810976,0.000076335215,0.00069962494,0.00038602954,0.00060238707,0.00012585726],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003151973,0.0004939505,0.0006328734,0.00003739787,0.00067138125,0.000052068113,0.0005137211,0.0003720837,0.0051224963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048185294,0.00047635392,0.00022728904,0.000043798813,0.0006884492,0.00032527457,0.000287332,0.00027947704,0.0072542047],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000041473875,0.00012832267,0.0007720164,0.000121633726,0.00058436376,0.000033355667,0.010277281,0.0000011922028,0.0000030318313,0.41933957,0.45147255,0.11722523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00052531215,0.000035727695,0.0035685329,0.00037636844,0.000113635324,2.1140833e-7,0.00026727756,0.0000017167584,0.000023362407,0.009919388,0.9845942,0.0005742315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009905846,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005435664,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5331217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008782963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023992278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997688},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256494792","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-48988-9_6","title":"Discussant Comments","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Government of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Equity (law); Unintended consequences; Equalization (audio); Public economics; Corporate governance; Point (geometry); Economics; Public administration; Political science; Dimension (graph theory); Law and economics; Computer science; Finance; Telecommunications; Law; Mathematics","score_opus":0.06670450666691262,"score_gpt":0.3346647134239401,"score_spread":0.2679602067570275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4256494792","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000023613384,0.000087400775,0.0018202005,0.00078323385,0.00035330324,0.00016399202,0.000007515821,0.000055869645,0.9967261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001581325,0.0011534223,0.00007440775,0.0013881511,0.0002726956,9.825494e-7,0.0000236345,0.000013970354,0.9954914],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99888533,0.000007375377,0.00015429428,0.00014954779,0.00060023024,0.00020323083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966186,0.000024474364,0.000086982065,0.000115099145,0.00003174984,0.00007986113],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002078648,0.00010638682,0.000121021614,0.000028143137,0.00018343989,0.000038086448,0.00013672707,0.00021776016,0.006143222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000012991593,0.000086192515,0.000066634515,0.000018627903,0.00011891839,0.000076813776,0.00003089346,0.000091682276,0.00063078845],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002905153,0.000007594299,0.00010702522,0.0000022550773,0.0000076234724,0.0000045170464,0.0002942864,1.5197614e-7,1.2228742e-7,0.9357314,0.0516707,0.012171389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000688556,0.000009156353,0.000048854454,0.000028668912,0.000010997127,6.902897e-8,0.000086524604,0.0000011111149,0.0000034680581,0.025099633,0.974513,0.00012964182],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003349199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017944647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9228423,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001957749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000056864465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947653},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283742437","doi":"10.3917/risa.882.0335","title":"La relation entre décentralisation budgétaire et confiance dans le gouvernement : constatations faites à partir du cas sud-coréen","year":2022,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Musée de la Civilisation; École Nationale d'Administration Publique","funders":"","keywords":"Centralisation; Political science; Humanities; Philosophy; Law","score_opus":0.05276667608960022,"score_gpt":0.3256235666459947,"score_spread":0.27285689055639445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283742437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8508142,0.0019387503,0.01174166,0.035553534,0.0016100898,0.0006827888,0.0006247157,0.00008542717,0.096948825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97596365,0.0020510352,0.00085310545,0.00032896982,0.0001614777,0.000116632094,0.00020061748,0.000014601459,0.020309895],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996096,0.0011374622,0.00059690647,0.0005956232,0.0011236566,0.00045030838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982058,0.0007080862,0.00060767756,0.00014550518,0.00018578318,0.00014719095],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013077406,0.0002422772,0.00021846102,0.00009625431,0.0027498028,0.00038146248,0.0005543514,0.00010818265,0.001394935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039980593,0.00028473127,0.00013787471,0.00089554413,0.004196712,0.0016638059,0.00013078589,0.00031063362,0.00003781332],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002197838,0.00043689332,0.12121526,0.00003645329,0.000041106567,0.000031033032,0.061587304,0.009547592,0.00012973664,0.8027156,0.0012873813,0.0029496371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013196038,0.00090631575,0.29391384,0.0004629096,0.00012211654,0.00014487392,0.2295489,0.030935101,0.00111252,0.06154169,0.37902167,0.00097044464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025038326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007040078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7411739,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014886917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001655349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285464572","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14668809.v1","title":"Bridging divides : what can cities do? a summary of the public forum held on May 13, 2015,at Ryerson University","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Politics; Political science; Public transport; Regional science; Public administration; Public relations; Geography; Computer science; Computer security","score_opus":0.024653380355702727,"score_gpt":0.2508156116015594,"score_spread":0.2261622312458567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285464572","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8230085,0.0018765959,0.0013017087,0.086409375,0.003701209,0.0009468821,0.00012023888,0.00013352938,0.08250201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96720797,0.0062788134,0.000017345594,0.0006879246,0.000083861916,0.0000020979664,0.000032805554,0.000008371696,0.025680827],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99808675,0.00024959666,0.00016096304,0.00033624555,0.0008164948,0.00034994056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991524,0.000087902736,0.00022497038,0.00034685136,0.00010990057,0.00007792657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031702776,0.00015463629,0.0002238876,0.00005235323,0.0005519384,0.000394558,0.0005091505,0.00021140344,0.0003560711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011312955,0.00012755192,0.00019312106,0.0002539513,0.0002666067,0.000490146,0.0009282131,0.00020108349,0.0000033808449],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001074585,0.00030517645,0.5033519,0.00034313343,0.0002447718,0.00003844221,0.044960137,0.000702073,0.00006334346,0.23258518,0.18426903,0.03302934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011009559,0.00011413008,0.059007335,0.0040183356,0.0002138945,0.0000016402228,0.5264595,0.0006392201,0.0057982933,0.004413878,0.39667985,0.00155294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014312317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.097190395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48149937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00078420056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005118815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99225146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286681081","doi":"10.3138/utlj-2021-0107","title":"Rethinking the division of tax room and revenue in fiscal federalism","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Toronto Law Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Tax credit; Government (linguistics); Politics; Tax reform; Tax avoidance; Public economics; Revenue; Law and economics; Double taxation; Direct tax; Ad valorem tax; Finance; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.012359437236215645,"score_gpt":0.22566495066236988,"score_spread":0.21330551342615423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4286681081","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9663152,0.0010523323,0.00071917794,0.003617111,0.00024776033,0.00011737044,0.000023925491,0.000003995809,0.027903091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99879295,0.0005182042,0.0000984646,0.00004528768,0.000017802377,1.9248676e-8,4.7968547e-7,0.0000010335804,0.0005257814],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933225,0.00017973875,0.00006697445,0.000044521872,0.000302297,0.00007423627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977404,0.000032740543,0.00011638971,0.00003579004,0.000018537718,0.00002249536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051890634,0.000023066097,0.00006095151,0.0000055427035,0.0009225793,0.00001194505,0.0001394872,0.000019427933,0.00026468074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000017372753,0.000021804222,0.00002635282,0.000028821234,0.00008959738,0.00021627448,0.000075966964,0.00008761039,6.667386e-8],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025354672,0.0002041525,0.12242709,0.00002043294,0.00003529966,0.00006726488,0.35616028,0.00087333913,0.00030452435,0.49296734,0.010353472,0.016333267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018440041,0.00027448003,0.21952376,0.00014952784,0.00003714832,0.000011039083,0.12501486,0.00039449104,0.00005597226,0.029234106,0.62326175,0.00019883785],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.108984284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.23631011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6129083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022134802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000027305266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.89694905},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4289711392","doi":"10.3390/jrfm15080341","title":"Promotion Pressures of Local Leaders and Real Estate Investments: China and Leader Heterogeneity","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Real estate; Promotion (chess); Incentive; Investment (military); China; Business; Panel data; Local Development; Capitalization rate; Economics; Finance; Real estate investment trust; Market economy; Political science; Sociology; Regional science","score_opus":0.015358704192409296,"score_gpt":0.26117524815721005,"score_spread":0.24581654396480077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4289711392","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891822,0.0005184493,0.008934191,0.00025799123,0.00015144562,0.00017802196,0.000010833445,0.0000043412388,0.00076254946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729826,0.026621437,0.00023141767,0.000045504006,0.000045235578,0.0000036498493,0.0000013907945,0.0000038095393,0.000064985295],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899286,0.00013684724,0.00023469876,0.00010951897,0.00039289793,0.00013319725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995798,0.000015072554,0.00027542678,0.000043172447,0.000025855146,0.00006068936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005738518,0.00006852239,0.00014677735,0.00006425262,0.00032602483,0.000023346112,0.00006537735,0.000027022228,0.0000073501205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025373043,0.00006281257,0.000028788998,0.00011754226,0.00030021975,0.00020224789,0.000083272666,0.00009727213,8.990995e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039878432,0.0004034489,0.2190657,0.0001768979,0.000067591885,0.000052712538,0.036360856,0.00079534104,0.000042954285,0.028058881,0.00085518113,0.71372163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012172465,0.000538,0.9245796,0.000041554107,0.00013825242,0.0000063106872,0.01568066,0.00013624101,0.000074335505,0.004358211,0.053094517,0.00013506181],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00071553915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020516544,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71358657,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004985644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026109037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25614223},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4297906468","doi":"10.3917/risa.883.0585","title":"La dynamique entre aménagement urbain et politiques publiques : leçons et expériences de la ville de Beijing, Chine","year":2022,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École Nationale d'Administration Publique","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.03532608865547598,"score_gpt":0.3694097246643479,"score_spread":0.3340836360088719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4297906468","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5504694,0.0039942283,0.0085963495,0.02729444,0.0004929192,0.0003418252,0.0002650036,0.00009792111,0.40844792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9640482,0.0049448255,0.0035359233,0.0014612221,0.00016553212,0.00014188128,0.000035502726,0.00001541342,0.025651462],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99456257,0.0028823405,0.00044213582,0.0005521046,0.00094623596,0.0006146105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99799794,0.0011294412,0.00039916986,0.00013505599,0.00013647885,0.00020193336],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004231227,0.00025257497,0.00022944772,0.00015443144,0.0013091094,0.00081147964,0.0009374283,0.00010988182,0.0016362806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009896236,0.00026855987,0.00015525304,0.0007746037,0.003889337,0.00149099,0.00029684222,0.00039013178,0.0000076036526],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014927858,0.00047368073,0.044514313,0.00004145201,0.000035572924,0.00005655048,0.067131795,0.0018174486,0.000068924186,0.88248575,0.0009722147,0.0023873472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043810986,0.0010987764,0.037118793,0.000519033,0.000044416378,0.0002020885,0.14357786,0.013282678,0.00044324747,0.21351263,0.5890675,0.0006948819],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037382855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049797064,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.66897315,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014079164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020215288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999106},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301965261","doi":"10.25160/bjbs.v3i2.17082","title":"Reforming Institutions from Inside: Federalism and Inequality in Brazil","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brasiliana- Journal for Brazilian Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Santander Universities; Brown University","keywords":"Inequality; Federalism; Status quo; Economics; Economic inequality; Development economics; Transfer payment; Public economics; Political science; Politics; Market economy; Welfare","score_opus":0.21213362272841996,"score_gpt":0.4548915128794957,"score_spread":0.24275789015107574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4301965261","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98026115,0.0061041466,0.00067812117,0.007474079,0.001392284,0.0003718717,0.000040845865,0.00004454774,0.0036329622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941965,0.003073161,0.0005448717,0.0009833913,0.00046404824,0.000019386373,0.0000076181705,0.0000111029,0.0006999357],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982319,0.00015205238,0.0004688043,0.00023691477,0.00047413324,0.00043620993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902946,0.00017123637,0.00019525905,0.000110760564,0.00025310958,0.00024018758],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013201899,0.00015156562,0.00031805717,0.000095039664,0.0012090221,0.00016861,0.00015966514,0.000103363156,0.000009174244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022611152,0.00013252496,0.00006911674,0.00031922618,0.00034960848,0.000988435,0.000077024546,0.0001777752,0.0000066938214],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035047214,0.0002855569,0.66387975,0.00007096623,0.00027450768,0.00008949746,0.13170297,0.00020328462,0.00009542469,0.09315132,0.05827432,0.051621947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004732613,0.0002159015,0.19200535,0.00043799047,0.00008726361,0.000018617739,0.16531292,0.000102763835,0.00019757198,0.10920872,0.5269858,0.0006944538],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026901588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03678894,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4718744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005730192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000356587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98078716},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4302480796","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1184878","title":"An Introduction To Decentralization, Markets And Trade","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Economics; Business; Economic geography; Market economy","score_opus":0.022087161030658563,"score_gpt":0.2775809249388652,"score_spread":0.25549376390820666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4302480796","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4539718,0.00014952973,0.18979193,0.104508355,0.0016450452,0.0030048937,0.00022213094,0.0035428873,0.24316342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99657524,0.0001625933,0.00035328112,0.0007683945,0.0011427437,3.62973e-8,0.00028756663,0.0002895675,0.00042056126],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985274,0.00032751705,0.00014409202,0.0003282537,0.00037188773,0.00030081597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992326,0.000008198048,0.000050040217,0.00021062834,0.00025700347,0.00024154792],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006953274,0.000076214325,0.00007127401,0.00009155656,0.002879009,0.0006542568,0.00034698242,0.000052497464,0.005760318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060778885,0.000084918844,0.000013395072,0.000589251,0.0002412004,0.00048957847,0.00012695666,0.000060277645,0.00071182585],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001370641,0.00017196755,0.00015209726,0.000015771533,0.000014876229,0.000002025355,0.017070588,0.000024896237,0.0028000786,0.16662042,0.5996451,0.21334516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017146971,0.00016538818,0.005788651,0.0000058761048,0.0000058848127,0.0000053493877,0.00092477363,0.0001529322,0.00045592076,0.00034441816,0.99187213,0.00010721629],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038304715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007396557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54260343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014902053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004718948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304782732","doi":"10.1080/09540962.2022.2106680","title":"New development: The development of standardized charts of accounts in public sector accounting","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Money & Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"Universidade do Minho","keywords":"Comparability; Harmonization; Accounting; Public sector; Business; National accounts; Government (linguistics); Economics","score_opus":0.03589172715143595,"score_gpt":0.2622483572819352,"score_spread":0.22635663013049923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4304782732","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8657892,0.0004909282,0.016465867,0.006972166,0.0009487786,0.0023607356,0.000022437123,0.00011002908,0.10683989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996001,0.00007911431,0.0021493305,0.0001938903,0.000032818614,0.00013257911,0.000018220664,0.000011736954,0.0013813031],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968073,0.00015521221,0.0006185932,0.0002532516,0.0017062157,0.00045942544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999192,0.00005156572,0.00037762173,0.00021758703,0.00008583443,0.00007538319],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026258458,0.00012211382,0.00020588574,0.00021017449,0.00059075,0.00011440176,0.0006470566,0.000031532476,0.0012957926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000108216314,0.000109176915,0.0000460469,0.0012048327,0.00005587324,0.00042191442,0.0005071209,0.00009716458,0.0000062024233],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000103851795,0.0007573869,0.1525092,0.00022966227,0.00033655984,0.0000066950406,0.07666914,0.00020824328,0.00008698468,0.24603939,0.013843741,0.50920916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008455533,0.000009650353,0.092534564,0.000026002428,0.000010193337,9.671023e-8,0.010711867,0.000036247213,0.0002137308,0.00055097893,0.8948888,0.00017229887],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027625007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014322514,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8810451,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000686811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009113525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99961716},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307309675","doi":"10.22541/au.166680564.46910868/v1","title":"'TaxTrack': Introducing a Democratic Innovation for Taxation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Democratic theory; Participatory budgeting; Citizen journalism; Politics; Economics; Public economics; Political science","score_opus":0.04479223697333985,"score_gpt":0.3545725913199544,"score_spread":0.30978035434661455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307309675","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11378685,0.00012029768,0.8004315,0.010056307,0.0039729914,0.0033767137,0.00007031414,0.00033607628,0.06784899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95205504,0.0002971844,0.01259086,0.0016141818,0.0016409507,0.0009532934,0.0010753815,0.000036812507,0.029736318],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984029,0.000100593745,0.00035560323,0.00035551918,0.0005511781,0.00023422073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988608,0.00008859309,0.00061941124,0.00019502145,0.000210436,0.000025786969],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001060892,0.00011372485,0.00015347244,0.00011203252,0.0005767067,0.00013909662,0.00021146704,0.00015482638,0.0010144461],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014828858,0.00012320356,0.000059000806,0.00052190066,0.000040788887,0.00017984139,0.00014152851,0.00018456877,0.0000068397953],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032067794,0.00009027908,0.003448026,0.00012186568,0.000025835676,4.8508787e-7,0.0058701374,0.0061500957,0.00013629998,0.9092402,0.055769634,0.01911509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008105234,0.00012502017,0.004309084,0.00010423175,0.000112352966,2.381813e-7,0.007221999,0.012787396,0.0009053651,0.4372215,0.5355054,0.0008968884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009661753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052180514,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.83826816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005867149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043247343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4307995056","doi":"10.1080/10841806.2022.2138193","title":"The “illusion” of administrative sovereignty in developing countries: A historical institutionalism perspective on administrative sovereignty in Ghana","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Administrative Theory & Praxis","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereignty; Institutionalism; Historical institutionalism; Political science; Deadlock; Public administration; Developing country; Political economy; New institutionalism; Economics; Law; Economic growth; Politics","score_opus":0.05908955813889063,"score_gpt":0.3573626832021998,"score_spread":0.2982731250633092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4307995056","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34145984,0.0014158122,0.0013797336,0.02003028,0.0013316877,0.0037636957,0.000744663,0.0001232038,0.6297511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966343,0.00038572392,0.0001580916,0.0008568632,0.00009416238,0.00029139858,0.000025960644,0.000019027566,0.0015344622],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9940668,0.0021945338,0.0008647633,0.00069170655,0.0015301058,0.0006520929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99624956,0.0023618874,0.0006241204,0.0003302374,0.00029661573,0.00013757811],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0028274595,0.00035813823,0.0004951812,0.0001620196,0.0016770131,0.00007969261,0.00067111896,0.0001567441,0.000909067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017299706,0.000313922,0.00015232744,0.0012290982,0.001221509,0.00045734213,0.00017441649,0.0006194411,0.000012941655],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016504175,0.00045958944,0.0011056296,0.000009407244,0.0000433194,0.00007490031,0.04349432,0.00005331134,0.000005858886,0.9525457,0.00029990415,0.00025763022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001842856,0.0018650021,0.008211841,0.00014944685,0.000030621413,0.000008565022,0.33969718,0.000034486828,0.0008279745,0.55283296,0.093772866,0.00072619994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012794586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005711619,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6551745,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008172191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005288022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309001482","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12564","title":"Assessing policy analytical capacity in contemporary governments: New measures and metrics","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Agency (philosophy); Government (linguistics); Public economics; Salience (neuroscience); Public policy; Policy analysis; Politics; Business; Distribution (mathematics); Public administration; Economics; Political science; Economic growth; Sociology; Computer science","score_opus":0.2690180450115222,"score_gpt":0.3936794535714371,"score_spread":0.12466140855991487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4309001482","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9202173,0.00015900713,0.0058709746,0.064480305,0.00038977165,0.00021317956,0.000011746419,0.000014924036,0.008642798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99821466,0.000050428436,0.00026911637,0.00024701958,0.00023569814,0.0000013356234,0.0000035743458,0.00000508642,0.00097308727],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99759287,0.00041390277,0.00047825128,0.00011971482,0.0011684648,0.00022680945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990787,0.00007451989,0.0004435853,0.00006325737,0.000088908506,0.00025103157],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020489285,0.000081119346,0.00016469293,0.00020895913,0.00026582935,0.00035325816,0.00016911728,0.000057613,0.00011151379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001191023,0.00008407692,0.00005052595,0.00094078307,0.00010413169,0.0016709161,0.000026116351,0.00024867774,5.6021827e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009416583,0.0004856157,0.5736252,0.00001414949,0.000061170285,0.00012009214,0.003918345,0.000068207446,0.0001545722,0.37967247,0.01575336,0.026032679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032222695,0.001175121,0.38229248,0.00006130293,0.00006218541,0.00012774585,0.04973511,0.00023332643,0.00034050542,0.014312187,0.54790133,0.00053643575],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044774608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021391406,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.532148,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007895614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021840562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3874422},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311991018","doi":"10.3917/risa.884.0885","title":"Budgétisation participative et efficacité gouvernementale : observations des gouvernements municipaux en Corée du Sud","year":2022,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Musée de la Civilisation","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Art","score_opus":0.14976732147800004,"score_gpt":0.36904006992815724,"score_spread":0.2192727484501572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311991018","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95095927,0.0014172525,0.0044465056,0.007755552,0.0016529055,0.0006263494,0.00044355477,0.00006235965,0.032636236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9591383,0.0022391798,0.002450891,0.0006327601,0.00023899825,0.0002497199,0.00013235844,0.000019474002,0.034898363],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99560285,0.0009986949,0.0006756601,0.00065219885,0.0014646135,0.00060599315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99800044,0.0007984555,0.00059942744,0.00018760667,0.00023589561,0.00017819525],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001638761,0.00029057564,0.0002713396,0.00011963764,0.0036510082,0.00032480757,0.00093655573,0.0000776527,0.0033561278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006845717,0.00033648917,0.00016596381,0.0013359147,0.004299907,0.0018217785,0.00035651014,0.0002532074,0.00006900439],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005069872,0.0013467716,0.2211965,0.000054754215,0.00011637326,0.000025820533,0.10265467,0.012008059,0.0002121672,0.6533423,0.0019476427,0.0070441947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016592618,0.002782153,0.4067279,0.000606446,0.00019156831,0.00003772157,0.18117106,0.039338466,0.00082720845,0.08256841,0.2828878,0.0012020089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027710875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011401766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5707739,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0025401472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008452733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999087},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312202932","doi":"10.2478/admin-2022-0025","title":"A review of Ireland’s Local Property Tax","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Galway","keywords":"Property tax; Opposition (politics); Public economics; Economics; Residential property; Tax reform; Ad valorem tax; Indirect tax; Value-added tax; Politics; Economic policy; Business; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.08160885243681092,"score_gpt":0.38185143414437606,"score_spread":0.3002425817075651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312202932","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[3.90234e-8,0.9718015,0.0003824809,0.00016550421,0.00021033302,0.0008719098,0.00004177456,0.000022396667,0.026504016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000012146872,0.9958832,0.000023600074,0.00020813884,0.00009961171,0.00013804898,0.00032849258,0.000012411502,0.0032943166],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981669,0.00035642742,0.0005351666,0.00021382807,0.000569078,0.00015856614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991141,0.000074315714,0.00053403835,0.00018314915,0.0000397899,0.000054617725],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006148607,0.00013938494,0.0005901751,0.00002758915,0.00017468407,0.000019795296,0.00021631714,0.0001292401,0.0017284511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027247047,0.00009735323,0.00021874772,0.00041629674,0.00011074178,0.00012473005,0.000028879525,0.00013848543,0.000034659864],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002264362,0.00005392356,0.0000012266999,0.03263533,0.000012957323,0.0000031449374,0.00007856631,7.2117516e-8,5.433089e-9,0.0063001392,0.016217962,0.9446944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000032696422,0.000083155406,3.5161307e-7,0.022888333,0.00019774759,0.0000024960357,0.000062117746,0.0000010688789,2.5706174e-7,0.000035531728,0.97657305,0.00012318755],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022685147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021523872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9603551,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026550726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016262525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99918413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313210124","doi":"10.31107/2075-1990-2022-6-8-24","title":"Regional Tax Competition in Canada, the United States and Russia: Assessment of Regulatory Experience","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Financial Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tax competition; Legislation; Value-added tax; Public economics; Revenue; Business; Competition (biology); Ad valorem tax; Tax reform; Tax revenue; Economic policy; Economics; International economics; International trade; Political science; Accounting","score_opus":0.013612410902782592,"score_gpt":0.26535004346548463,"score_spread":0.25173763256270204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313210124","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966255,0.00008886804,0.0003193859,0.0020681117,0.00023113033,0.00007477387,0.00001281439,0.000001971703,0.00057745975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986905,0.0005054374,0.00003561436,0.00058479176,0.00006541935,0.000007933468,0.00000635412,0.000002230511,0.00010174847],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987478,0.00019265524,0.00018656404,0.000068109046,0.0006567542,0.00014807929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966335,0.000047370693,0.00016516013,0.00004565895,0.000039322575,0.000039127008],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043753698,0.000041875952,0.000075376825,0.000038050443,0.00064236106,0.000019680801,0.00012919445,0.000014395675,0.00018393373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032055934,0.000034956414,0.000015537062,0.00031058938,0.00010955453,0.000096203854,0.000035491714,0.00017097936,8.953981e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006788644,0.000102719496,0.56632483,0.0000073935657,0.000006263706,0.00005692646,0.01832128,0.01121278,0.00006555531,0.3817941,0.01996869,0.0020715643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002539841,0.000033930333,0.81545955,0.00001752738,0.0000026453513,0.000008694525,0.012444184,0.0006801941,0.000010878154,0.0019455795,0.16908278,0.00006003737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5847105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6049835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3798485,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007264194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018203263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4940587},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319301222","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104823","title":"Hierarchy and Information","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hierarchy; Bureaucracy; Set (abstract data type); Government (linguistics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Benchmark (surveying); Economics; Public economics; Public administration; Business; Public relations; Political science; Computer science; Politics; Law","score_opus":0.028698062557552254,"score_gpt":0.26499815953255057,"score_spread":0.23630009697499832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319301222","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9699734,0.00003038959,0.0007937324,0.0119898245,0.00040973004,0.000036574693,0.0000023518446,0.000012356765,0.01675167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936285,0.0053533018,0.0001136158,0.00044333827,0.00018946991,4.0432784e-7,0.0000021673723,0.0000018112976,0.00026738114],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996076,0.000022104978,0.00017918836,0.000019849856,0.00007502382,0.000096217045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963933,0.00003338181,0.00017867835,0.00002423835,0.0000577215,0.00006667636],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008195907,0.000021354776,0.000053494216,0.00008968082,0.00008715563,0.00013912993,0.00006617153,0.0000293926,0.000028914172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021714102,0.000020216894,0.000019764651,0.00012628351,0.000038117505,0.0025997262,0.000013368041,0.00003725414,0.00002428911],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006460301,0.000009994361,0.04544963,0.0000052332807,0.000014100002,9.897715e-7,0.00455345,0.0001177234,0.0000021497106,0.822577,0.014050332,0.113212936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018315771,0.000019781037,0.025506796,0.0000028704858,0.0000021867102,0.0000016068177,0.0018263904,0.0003445072,0.0000054215607,0.008298869,0.963776,0.00003244223],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016731185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000039493076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9497256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000079741985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013492795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18847387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319311206","doi":"10.1257/rct.10357-1.2","title":"Third-Party Performance Pay to Improve Local Government Accountability: A Field Experiment in Burkina Faso","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"AEA Randomized Controlled Trials","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Government (linguistics); Public administration; Business; Field (mathematics); Local government; Political science; Law; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01856049604180564,"score_gpt":0.3197619804529984,"score_spread":0.30120148441119277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319311206","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0037821033,0.0025864968,0.0016848235,0.0063323793,0.010385536,0.046811964,0.92418534,0.00015188803,0.0040794555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.24247037,0.05293929,0.00019864808,0.023153672,0.0066179484,0.10632867,0.5549313,0.00026286812,0.013097251],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9839728,0.0070663225,0.0035197388,0.0009980991,0.0034766681,0.00096635905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9847807,0.012212014,0.0018348241,0.0008083865,0.00010411976,0.00025990198],"candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.032192208,0.00066660816,0.008007691,0.00015734967,0.0005197009,0.00030697338,0.00090283,0.00054852373,0.016409626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.021094348,0.00043460118,0.001593637,0.00048404612,0.00020940666,0.00029059124,0.00031104128,0.0006440962,0.000059166756],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.38741636,0.0003261993,0.000013709141,0.000035022695,0.00037077593,0.000011303407,0.0009292773,0.00014272325,0.000017430908,0.0002496182,0.60750645,0.0029811584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.38793987,0.00019385687,0.000002080327,0.000068139336,0.00045725782,2.0481399e-7,0.0009747957,0.0000900813,0.00015728407,0.00012209847,0.6095977,0.00039665244],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0093334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028729301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36925408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022669588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008252994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998106},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319841864","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2022.2160975","title":"De/centralization in Mexico, 1824–2020","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional & Federal Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Leverhulme Trust; James B. Pendleton Charitable Trust","keywords":"Decentralization; Elite; Ideology; Authoritarianism; Quarter (Canadian coin); Political science; Political economy; Sociology; Public administration; Politics; Law; History; Democracy","score_opus":0.07428593391729693,"score_gpt":0.37509774593600914,"score_spread":0.3008118120187122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4319841864","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8895552,0.004250013,0.0009872552,0.079512656,0.0010030059,0.00073242135,0.000007603122,0.0005740555,0.023377782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97940224,0.015230781,0.000040500825,0.0013448698,0.00022815012,0.000027559965,0.000017358614,0.000008445824,0.0037000624],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987373,0.000094400944,0.0001620747,0.00017493882,0.00044989208,0.0003813997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996905,0.00009266331,0.000051779378,0.00005129177,0.0000603485,0.00005345312],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003117113,0.00008312908,0.00013300759,0.000039939023,0.00047795742,0.000060470247,0.00009364481,0.00005767415,0.000032205877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002353465,0.000079572455,0.000044983426,0.00067544734,0.00013789513,0.00018995292,0.000037953123,0.000052614094,0.00008182537],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004163038,0.000077204306,0.44518557,0.000028492446,0.000048621656,0.000046290403,0.023627436,0.0014404301,0.000040906652,0.27408972,0.25186488,0.0035088179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00067838054,0.00004273883,0.3493872,0.00013098483,0.000010967449,0.0000014439523,0.02203307,0.000735054,0.00006549725,0.036309138,0.5902867,0.00031884937],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00071427046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002782338,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3384218,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035332152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009018384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.36761102},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320022507","doi":"10.29327/1172323.6-2","title":"A RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS LIBERDADES POLÍTICA E ECONÔMICA E O PIB REAL PER CAPITA DOS PAÍSES: UM ESTUDO DE CORTE TRANSVERSAL","year":2022,"lang":"pt","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Fraser Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Transversal (combinatorics); Humanities; Political science; Welfare economics; Economics; Mathematics; Art","score_opus":0.015176980335852835,"score_gpt":0.28304306371931287,"score_spread":0.26786608338346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320022507","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7858838,0.000861534,0.0012924984,0.03093919,0.0022543694,0.0017185833,0.0003258628,0.0004115248,0.17631264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9148919,0.0030483166,0.00005763211,0.002346449,0.00023283766,0.000059204864,0.000045022614,0.000043524553,0.079275124],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99556625,0.000534892,0.00055861246,0.0007347069,0.0014786582,0.0011268887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99876904,0.00018316596,0.0002314806,0.00035718273,0.0000630276,0.00039612272],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005753854,0.0003597481,0.000410251,0.000079039404,0.0015535303,0.00023975037,0.00066501106,0.00022454005,0.040162947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000058439124,0.00037103993,0.00029426868,0.00044709272,0.00025628982,0.00047775533,0.00020668757,0.0004460265,0.00070498267],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000831048,0.0023054993,0.05426261,0.00010955003,0.00042944052,0.00030785432,0.44694257,0.00056980224,0.00075127545,0.30436966,0.18283695,0.0062837335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003759025,0.0017705439,0.013350864,0.00006775635,0.0006653809,0.000040067353,0.45051652,0.003354745,0.00052186346,0.0064924657,0.517739,0.0017217678],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009702102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00430401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33490205,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001169859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010655416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998742},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321454802","doi":"10.4337/9781800885325.00016","title":"Fiscal federalism: federalisms nerve tissue?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; Queen's University; McGill University","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Decentralization; Normative; Government (linguistics); Cooperative federalism; Economics; Political science; Public economics; Law; Politics; Market economy","score_opus":0.0409903553741489,"score_gpt":0.27961541982620214,"score_spread":0.23862506445205323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321454802","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000055335327,0.00011840826,0.00031058173,0.006373481,0.0037833238,0.00060911657,0.000098095465,0.0009137911,0.9877379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0037307516,0.00016643188,0.00015421661,0.001551003,0.0031957238,0.000031339303,0.00030933355,0.0001843446,0.9906769],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9953125,0.00012084816,0.0006385893,0.000824184,0.002173371,0.00093049597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981816,0.00020502908,0.0004688739,0.0005138034,0.00024061672,0.00039011444],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011921818,0.0005158599,0.0005913734,0.00019570661,0.0013338984,0.005282708,0.00096962403,0.0012634966,0.0007859978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005546131,0.00054297363,0.00029216465,0.00008346366,0.00034308658,0.0012559616,0.00031046898,0.00090390485,0.00087956287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011549518,0.000007189534,0.000024086445,0.000024587187,0.00004540385,0.00007951466,0.0025553806,0.000003538159,0.000004322117,0.6249766,0.35978758,0.012480255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00026066092,0.000037403177,0.000044307566,0.00021111187,0.000048250935,0.0000023052798,0.00025634698,0.000007775988,0.000037790975,0.08954798,0.9089449,0.0006011489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003408836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060439943,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5491573,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059789844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004860607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999662},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321513707","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2022.70.supp.slack","title":"Property Taxes in the Real World","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Equity (law); Public economics; Economics; Tax reform; Politics; Corporate governance; Indirect tax; Revenue; Ideal (ethics); Ad valorem tax; Law and economics; Value-added tax; Finance; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.022302701000253677,"score_gpt":0.23028377501024289,"score_spread":0.20798107400998922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321513707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37453514,0.0005352284,0.00006609673,0.3303632,0.0031659747,0.0012384251,0.00056451396,0.000037970643,0.28949344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9043347,0.00023048124,0.000030397003,0.0027754083,0.0005564606,0.00006316157,0.00001667528,0.000017139651,0.091975555],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99768806,0.0004867546,0.0002850182,0.0002040163,0.0003475983,0.0009885823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988179,0.00006525646,0.00014763491,0.00020911852,0.000058043122,0.00070204056],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017334545,0.00011662232,0.00015415078,0.00029146427,0.0020320269,0.00017212138,0.0007440583,0.0000503051,0.0018633979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021710718,0.00008866894,0.0000733811,0.0012689942,0.000118941025,0.00023096458,0.000026732418,0.00059739564,0.0000143445695],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022844706,0.00006426188,0.16814063,0.000011662769,0.000019702877,0.0017233553,0.056485977,0.0009003948,0.000007747716,0.04437319,0.71197754,0.016272673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019480925,0.00004093434,0.022153074,0.000016309796,0.00000882931,0.00004543739,0.010206343,0.00006493363,0.000001156105,0.0020974416,0.9650106,0.00016013936],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9061222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99938834,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5297996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0035935673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013367615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992672},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321513723","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2022.70.supp.bahl","title":"Perspectives in Fiscal Decentralization: Challenges and the Unfinished Agenda","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Debt; Work (physics); Government (linguistics); Political science; State (computer science); Fiscal union; Economics; Local government; Fiscal federalism; Public administration; Public economics; Economic policy; Fiscal policy; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.03015986157902604,"score_gpt":0.23370383573931003,"score_spread":0.203543974160284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321513723","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24152806,0.041109517,0.00019352793,0.6595692,0.00229048,0.0011956771,0.0002271967,0.000044354565,0.05384197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98154527,0.011180015,0.000034251167,0.0010238154,0.00035572896,0.00004588239,0.000009585321,0.000019492465,0.005785969],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977555,0.00059509714,0.00028384652,0.00026938386,0.00026579842,0.0008303574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99881405,0.00012405762,0.00015162643,0.00016590262,0.00006958715,0.0006748036],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014884874,0.00013482489,0.00021883607,0.00020121322,0.0016831051,0.00013311302,0.00038485072,0.000076696975,0.0010278099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004995337,0.00012662394,0.00006907914,0.000495595,0.00035332062,0.00023455145,0.000042072115,0.00043992233,0.0000033142517],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000104331724,0.000060744336,0.016321976,0.000020421941,0.00005485667,0.00067740004,0.34929043,0.0009288695,0.0000021473593,0.56067175,0.045934632,0.025932446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014376881,0.00005077498,0.02973821,0.00002681625,0.000022567156,0.00014601622,0.11654525,0.00029627868,0.0000010045025,0.010926208,0.8405493,0.00025991362],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2486656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98032606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7946146,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002114069,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00064997305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362605963","doi":"10.51952/9781529215588.fm001","title":"Front Matter","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"Bristol University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Home Office; University of Ottawa; Georgia State University","keywords":"Front (military); Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.026889973754303544,"score_gpt":0.2495294888931964,"score_spread":0.22263951513889285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362605963","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008981029,0.00009123991,0.0009524584,0.00010309896,0.0016660896,0.00030334454,0.00018755886,0.00008962707,0.99651676],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006183129,0.0006306658,0.000024401139,0.00015502778,0.00029790663,0.0000011826828,0.00008229853,0.000023053919,0.99816716],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985916,0.00015664552,0.00011407627,0.00032431327,0.0004670074,0.0003463395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994029,0.000037114987,0.00015887718,0.00022264016,0.00006759871,0.00011088914],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010367032,0.00015589414,0.0002201484,0.000063581574,0.0004521514,0.00008295404,0.0004603423,0.00034538613,0.0025048817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010944809,0.00019271519,0.00011208541,0.00003292015,0.00020386779,0.00010379854,0.00014940958,0.0001833823,0.02265411],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022554555,0.000010962877,0.000022014778,0.000030188914,0.000025031171,0.000031778873,0.0013695388,0.000012489222,0.0000010036348,0.006284531,0.9917009,0.0004889918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017407878,0.0000070628603,0.00009681255,0.00006307312,0.00004150654,1.666861e-7,0.00055058725,0.0000063376597,0.000015277607,0.000016834781,0.99880207,0.00022619842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018481523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007221117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02014923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047455155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021692654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99840695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362645770","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_1655","title":"Privatization and Reforms","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Political science","score_opus":0.018669313351990097,"score_gpt":0.25285168232406163,"score_spread":0.23418236897207154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362645770","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000014289988,0.00011457596,0.00035709515,0.0006293167,0.00012992225,0.000153588,0.000005156107,0.00004603327,0.99855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0020718677,0.004867233,0.000061220184,0.00038627055,0.000097869895,0.0000035372054,0.000043814518,0.000010859834,0.99245733],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992884,0.0000070104597,0.00009919789,0.00013155452,0.00038483457,0.00008899943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997863,0.0000123779155,0.000076835604,0.00007022804,0.000019456917,0.00003475512],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011941496,0.0000660404,0.00007684054,0.000023104256,0.00027244966,0.00003189802,0.00006392182,0.00009584167,0.008114929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002023418,0.00005838373,0.000019729305,0.000021832713,0.000065938475,0.00013867722,0.000045985802,0.00006704868,0.000024789913],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001737469,0.0000019398594,0.00008383036,0.000003367673,0.0000032055675,7.4585e-7,0.00048222576,8.003645e-7,2.69096e-7,0.9881976,0.0035269728,0.0076972526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004278529,0.0000124049575,0.00006226744,0.000007104935,0.0000058556766,1.17555814e-7,0.000079670455,0.000004502665,0.0000012263355,0.056153238,0.9435472,0.00008360985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022825757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029175257,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.94002026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017187768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005977279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9927918},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4365799391","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4371414","title":"The Digital Yuan and Cross-Border Payments: China's Rollout of Its Central Bank Digital Currency","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Payment; China; Digital currency; Currency; Business; Central bank; Financial system; International economics; Economics; Commerce; Monetary economics; Finance; Monetary policy; Geography","score_opus":0.006626178443706731,"score_gpt":0.3198304232424884,"score_spread":0.3132042447987817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4365799391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98451245,0.0029097358,0.0005039177,0.0013046087,0.00047677336,0.00019776207,0.000030834748,0.00004696467,0.010016957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.968584,0.0234603,6.051079e-7,0.000013933992,0.00019352837,0.0000023430662,0.000008380503,0.000010113186,0.0077267783],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99717647,0.000037658687,0.00027424394,0.00014752409,0.0006107684,0.0017533614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995204,0.000055820943,0.00017457046,0.00008157647,0.000067347486,0.00010027962],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067683635,0.000108730754,0.00012013554,0.000033811706,0.0007782741,0.00062457763,0.00022246223,0.00005949132,0.000029388706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003063975,0.00007763818,0.0000814954,0.00038000586,0.00019824752,0.00090553076,0.00005095313,0.00040723346,0.000021708782],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000978867,0.00012220751,0.2699115,0.000010097516,0.00012418973,0.0000042109978,0.0037199091,0.0000677618,0.000022179369,0.386944,0.00057525607,0.3384008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0030564414,0.00073290383,0.3166261,0.00011580269,0.000062973406,0.000056755027,0.017578652,0.0005299701,0.00011247182,0.2451657,0.41521734,0.00074486324],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004069304,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028566716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4146421,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003510268,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009164465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.60228163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366418578","doi":"10.1017/s0305741023000280","title":"The Promise and Pitfalls of Government Guidance Funds in China","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The China Quarterly","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Venture capital; China; Business; Government (linguistics); Finance; Private capital; Capital (architecture); Private sector; Quality (philosophy); Investment (military); Economics; Economic growth; Political science; Foreign direct investment; Politics","score_opus":0.00871495446135945,"score_gpt":0.2590484105907705,"score_spread":0.25033345612941105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4366418578","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98477846,0.00023879042,0.00005971498,0.006038207,0.00014547966,0.00029695217,0.000007940291,0.000025605073,0.008408818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962429,0.00059371523,0.0000066229823,0.000037856364,0.00005323913,0.00001904575,7.7503825e-7,0.000005128183,0.0030407303],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988291,0.00013802899,0.00018123332,0.000116765535,0.00049882114,0.000236004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995962,0.00009337227,0.00009744828,0.00017413734,0.000008317163,0.00003055784],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010125856,0.000066693225,0.00008940436,0.000008841728,0.00032254664,0.00005547852,0.00024118082,0.000032432257,0.000010933993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000064974396,0.000038838978,0.000026872742,0.00032523478,0.00021119762,0.00011777783,0.000020828504,0.00006437284,0.000013390272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023730098,0.00018850202,0.09794551,0.00006217039,0.000035921697,0.00001289618,0.292059,0.00008921523,0.0011431212,0.39650458,0.012546646,0.19917512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039771936,0.00018138297,0.9514437,0.000044775636,0.0000069694306,3.802511e-7,0.007928074,0.00057041686,0.00011034088,0.021952733,0.017258968,0.000104536484],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010378517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018999907,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85349816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007319383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000028436385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24808006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376468175","doi":"10.4337/9781848442719.00021","title":"Index","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Index (typography); Mathematics; Computer science; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.02496757569224593,"score_gpt":0.27809842185160355,"score_spread":0.2531308461593576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4376468175","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00025800784,0.0005435633,0.0014338704,0.0010480555,0.007636798,0.00038269765,0.00005564165,0.00016325504,0.9884781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.028607095,0.001382105,0.00009577747,0.0017909516,0.0047902353,0.000041795563,0.00024459686,0.00007052653,0.96297693],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.996378,0.00024326866,0.00040426716,0.00053855975,0.0016510291,0.0007848651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986327,0.00010546264,0.0003688318,0.00039929242,0.00023293527,0.00026075647],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00064991676,0.00030791535,0.00039816508,0.00016034092,0.00090011704,0.0020760584,0.0009610562,0.0010124465,0.0023050357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062071433,0.000319339,0.00018869662,0.00022134227,0.0003166289,0.0011743647,0.00015967259,0.00080615847,0.0032366163],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009978264,0.000019743866,0.00018316257,0.000020379102,0.000025890566,0.000011006323,0.004344009,0.000014372173,0.0000011823996,0.0062437393,0.9791436,0.009982892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002238184,0.000015401069,0.0001305129,0.00010073816,0.000012182842,0.0000014864163,0.00036439093,0.000008899574,0.00002632844,0.0004377552,0.99829394,0.00038454123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005887105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012744991,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028349087,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006000605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014331037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99992585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377237047","doi":"10.1515/9780228007111","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Multinational States","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multinational corporation; Federalism; Fiscal federalism; Economics; Political science; Market economy; Politics; Decentralization; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.014600470341567957,"score_gpt":0.23547868043237427,"score_spread":0.22087821009080633,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377237047","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000045684716,0.0000030719075,0.000110717294,0.0005445169,0.00025546542,0.00035802217,0.0003546566,0.00008426655,0.9982436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0013352146,0.0004781215,0.00010811428,0.00025785278,0.00012293988,0.0000018822476,0.0003332828,0.000022103655,0.9973405],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99785995,0.00024313029,0.00021765381,0.00046547133,0.0008042915,0.0004095147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99917877,0.00014198656,0.00019684588,0.00019037057,0.00015887457,0.00013313207],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018120259,0.00023731479,0.00031099818,0.00011918434,0.00060624914,0.00008563441,0.00034919512,0.0004486967,0.000116040734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005073606,0.0002958634,0.00013741774,0.00004900133,0.00021943169,0.00022217559,0.00022035658,0.00033777597,0.000009315839],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039716822,0.00005155769,0.00010641122,0.000040461207,0.000035584748,0.00024009489,0.0012815597,0.00010419828,7.408545e-7,0.9567133,0.040614497,0.00077186694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006191559,0.0000147570045,0.00019551898,0.00015158814,0.000031646712,2.1524049e-7,0.00053660123,0.000042509506,0.000035701923,0.0013883056,0.99665564,0.00032834266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0068247505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00010701931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95604116,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014636341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033802682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4380520747","doi":"10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.33","title":"The Local Political Policies: The Dynamics of the Political Party Coalition in the Election Contestation of the Governor West Nusa Tenggara Province Indonesia","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Criminology and Sociology","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Governor; Victory; Politics; Ideology; Political science; Split-ticket voting; Multi-party system; Primary election; Political economy; Public administration; General election; Law; Sociology; Democracy; Engineering","score_opus":0.02444432361941961,"score_gpt":0.31293501185435296,"score_spread":0.28849068823493335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4380520747","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.878278,0.000090413225,0.0008009225,0.119468674,0.00063980353,0.00016259233,0.000025030275,0.0000019240522,0.0005325997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973492,0.000084964726,0.0000019607169,0.00236729,0.00013586905,0.0000094427305,0.00000313427,0.0000029582154,0.000045172812],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972083,0.0014914558,0.0004177701,0.000078908764,0.0005578808,0.00024566601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99795973,0.0012118062,0.00045327473,0.0000999596,0.0002532961,0.000021940054],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010361865,0.00006682359,0.00012771113,0.000027492886,0.00057012186,0.000017896227,0.00067843666,0.000097573706,0.000008343897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006490641,0.000030340367,0.000087966786,0.000058631394,0.002552024,0.0000859461,0.00009949926,0.0004486471,2.1969099e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009628925,0.000071687704,0.06381387,0.0000023594698,0.000026975762,0.0000015770726,0.004149491,0.000060107497,0.00003806648,0.93107706,0.00017554939,0.00048694608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006453409,0.00025159385,0.736841,0.000016779471,0.00005317724,0.00012393185,0.058653675,0.0007819108,0.00012753875,0.19867338,0.0037674566,0.000064199376],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017351216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012571069,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7324037,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004225223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004576394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9403039},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381433275","doi":"10.1002/jid.3808","title":"Public finance management architecture in Tajikistan: International reform advice and domestic reform practice","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of International Development","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Government of Canada; Public Works and Government Services Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Public finance; Adaptation (eye); Public management; Financial management; Economics; Advice (programming); Field (mathematics); Political science; Finance; Public administration; Business; Public economics; Accounting; Macroeconomics; Psychology","score_opus":0.018278812482347116,"score_gpt":0.30779468621312106,"score_spread":0.2895158737307739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381433275","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.25673088,0.0004354261,0.0055094357,0.11657822,0.005657716,0.00050040265,0.000013125659,0.00010165745,0.61447316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669655,0.007816872,0.015837733,0.0010722269,0.0003123647,0.000017516997,0.00002306146,0.000013555275,0.007941148],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978123,0.000046111658,0.000538446,0.0001495069,0.0012248815,0.00022878047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990366,0.00007094701,0.00040779717,0.000060686118,0.00035173475,0.00007219555],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001327732,0.00009851275,0.00012492543,0.00037461307,0.00012005724,0.00013499791,0.00040025957,0.000055289667,0.00006421818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037108042,0.00008468407,0.00003521464,0.00046190788,0.00005658882,0.0007842733,0.00012260645,0.000170269,0.000027497766],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00078506506,0.0006766792,0.029753145,0.0000765546,0.0005716331,0.0015829747,0.023533868,0.0011091122,0.00004396656,0.54185635,0.009090634,0.39092004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00072189706,0.000023543067,0.10202136,0.00015204228,0.0000060883913,0.000043067055,0.00456095,0.00011819888,0.000015683836,0.0023962555,0.8898229,0.00011800422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012930241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00050646573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8807323,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0022858689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024121195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5977468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382365191","doi":"10.1017/9781009072144.007","title":"The State’s Institutional Rearrangements and International Investment Agreements","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","funders":"","keywords":"Centralisation; State (computer science); Political science; Diplomacy; Public administration; Competition (biology); Corporate governance; Intervention (counseling); Politics; Political economy; Decentralization; Economy; Business; International trade; Economics; Finance; Law","score_opus":0.039717489363152884,"score_gpt":0.24202288052363813,"score_spread":0.20230539116048524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382365191","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015574864,0.0000573957,0.00015912247,0.00015514957,0.000654527,0.00032890314,0.00016748812,0.000059200644,0.99826247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005421651,0.0035741853,0.00000962584,0.00017703343,0.000105835235,0.0000012420354,0.000055714423,0.000011290825,0.9955229],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988424,0.000033323035,0.00012236902,0.00024189899,0.00056471897,0.00019529296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948466,0.00004431115,0.00013790632,0.00013763247,0.00009777749,0.00009771967],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018127298,0.00013288614,0.00009966667,0.000049049537,0.00081060117,0.000110305875,0.00032219253,0.00010841867,0.0000050489407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000023727229,0.00012844746,0.000051061383,0.000009525418,0.000498219,0.000120280754,0.0002513948,0.00012599245,0.0000239403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031197822,0.000004493535,0.000022529362,0.0000059656318,0.00009022906,0.000029036928,0.00030893026,0.0000043043437,0.0000010069592,0.9667477,0.030416865,0.002337767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030525433,0.000011335313,0.00019606535,0.000057871453,0.000032142976,3.2312403e-7,0.00017323247,0.000028789007,0.000003880793,0.00040429024,0.9986527,0.00013413478],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00066636165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002075666,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9682358,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033824056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014797132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6234571},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382458403","doi":"10.1515/9781553394372-008","title":"Reconsidering Recent Trends in Municipal Governance","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Political science; Business; Finance","score_opus":0.07061858164092051,"score_gpt":0.2597630409393909,"score_spread":0.1891444592984704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382458403","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000033708176,0.000013611136,0.0000095961195,0.00039831674,0.0003635573,0.00024003362,0.00019860295,0.00010894991,0.9986336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0040827566,0.0032351553,0.000065314154,0.00010111894,0.00010328536,0.0000011356408,0.000031990876,0.0000362718,0.99234295],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978181,0.000112325375,0.00027967297,0.0005238255,0.000782304,0.00048374772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988546,0.00005388816,0.00035397668,0.00037888976,0.00014479947,0.00021387654],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029365442,0.00031257435,0.0004118966,0.00014522263,0.0003520587,0.00004145239,0.0004731529,0.0005042769,0.00029821662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000043797525,0.00038936714,0.000131303,0.0000505495,0.00023319686,0.00026141977,0.00026751845,0.00041442382,0.000017623664],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009209878,0.000019544255,0.000023283264,0.0000129529535,0.000033023913,0.00016891312,0.0014360041,0.00007100788,4.6077602e-7,0.9702111,0.009744368,0.018187236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006206754,0.000033585802,0.000037673446,0.00018200002,0.000048346315,4.114595e-7,0.00028409445,0.000013242921,0.00002153952,0.0013858234,0.9969437,0.00042891034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008271696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005258078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9871993,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021164794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012843628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383736928","doi":"10.1111/pbaf.12292","title":"Issue Information","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"Public Budgeting &amp Finance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Computer science; Information retrieval; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.028126431875269014,"score_gpt":0.30213404177835257,"score_spread":0.27400760990308354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383736928","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005933,0.0008601473,0.0058800317,0.015659826,0.014897579,0.0006717442,0.00020155526,0.00040326265,0.96083254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0063263215,0.015267222,0.0004608768,0.0017439175,0.0025617538,0.00014833343,0.0016805646,0.00005783955,0.9717532],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9970115,0.00016942402,0.0005534228,0.00035422598,0.0010588199,0.0008526379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984033,0.00015661452,0.0006456876,0.00036295824,0.00032368014,0.000107732325],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011620034,0.00027292507,0.0003429918,0.00018043183,0.0008308741,0.0006693793,0.0006249021,0.00056226354,0.00239649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017320659,0.0002981409,0.0001192888,0.0012874914,0.00018782433,0.00144376,0.00013328304,0.0003912587,0.12272758],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000037937225,0.0000172968,0.00008334319,0.0000712659,0.000008891803,4.7357565e-7,0.0027027887,0.00007660972,5.3250415e-7,0.013412698,0.95807457,0.025547715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014416271,0.0000099411845,0.0002998222,0.000137008,0.000007145813,2.2748083e-7,0.00038891743,0.000039595998,0.000005568123,0.00021153931,0.998407,0.00034904963],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019051445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006287247,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.120331086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043947308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070130854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999471},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383756169","doi":"10.56687/9781529205831","title":"New Developments in Urban Governance","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Bristol University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Business; Environmental planning; Geography; Finance","score_opus":0.017991778746376995,"score_gpt":0.21475261989552843,"score_spread":0.19676084114915143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383756169","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000028828907,0.00020457647,0.00019212722,0.000034704044,0.00033988303,0.0003596694,0.000054761553,0.000061114384,0.99872434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005518364,0.00052464625,0.0001295777,0.00008875294,0.00010443412,6.3637424e-7,0.00003760828,0.000017068423,0.99854547],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982883,0.00010842686,0.0001577489,0.000361365,0.0007643514,0.0003198421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937725,0.000034490327,0.0002463511,0.00018512279,0.000030488973,0.00012628485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013951412,0.00016906971,0.00022944108,0.000053556832,0.00035390054,0.000040351035,0.0006153349,0.00021606387,0.0002438922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000021377724,0.00024146336,0.000074555704,0.000047542308,0.00009809015,0.0001501975,0.00025114065,0.0002937678,0.000012619476],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000049311006,0.000014454648,0.00027982844,0.000014755697,0.000015961625,0.00014741434,0.0034200589,0.0000074286963,2.7136315e-7,0.5295116,0.46005228,0.006486702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044514923,0.000010809478,0.00047582216,0.00006371709,0.000020153248,3.16992e-7,0.000185198,0.0000018240079,0.0000035930045,0.0002668881,0.9982585,0.0002680371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010342416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002558669,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5382062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034488917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021184194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962478},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385419491","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-97258-5_12","title":"Comparative Perspectives on Fiscal Federalism Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Decentralization; Federalism; Harmonization; Autonomy; Fiscal imbalance; Revenue; Economics; Fiscal union; Accountability; Central government; Government (linguistics); Fiscal policy; Tax revenue; Economic policy; Public economics; Macroeconomics; Political science; Local government; Public administration; Accounting; Market economy; Politics","score_opus":0.07264081828743608,"score_gpt":0.3216713973218983,"score_spread":0.24903057903446224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385419491","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000031387346,0.0001816618,0.00017182391,0.0008097851,0.00076953287,0.00039330887,0.000031408497,0.00020372216,0.9974074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.036171142,0.0011664372,0.000006243447,0.00012501911,0.0005705303,0.000010173598,0.000025293451,0.000021787499,0.9619034],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99843186,0.000040844643,0.0001821944,0.00032913135,0.0007909813,0.0002250097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946606,0.00011484483,0.00012690877,0.0001341817,0.00007775036,0.00008025188],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016065012,0.00018329355,0.00030284183,0.000052387382,0.00038359137,0.00017564009,0.00015167968,0.00026964562,0.0006503711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000024418328,0.00015948886,0.000100646495,0.000042889777,0.00018784762,0.000092601316,0.000026573873,0.00016485866,0.0018657034],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000092047085,0.00001080933,0.0000058573096,0.0000051223406,0.0000281985,0.0000062224785,0.009131963,0.000033956352,1.9415438e-7,0.9143041,0.076409295,0.000055114924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015864844,0.0000798783,0.00007254865,0.00018027812,0.000022344542,2.3195128e-7,0.021322556,0.00009229402,0.0000025910783,0.019004885,0.9587104,0.00035334428],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008216755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00081447157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8952992,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037302764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008242877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99891144},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385434072","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-97258-5_3","title":"Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Fiscal federalism; Legislature; Federalism; Harmonization; Urbanization; Autonomy; Balance (ability); Economic policy; Regional autonomy; Public finance; Business; Political science; Economics; Economic growth; Politics","score_opus":0.025939314669641077,"score_gpt":0.24415684183257672,"score_spread":0.21821752716293563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385434072","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[6.637505e-7,0.000021183025,0.000038844788,0.0014884598,0.0005343666,0.00007246813,0.000017871613,0.00005651685,0.99776965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00046723505,0.0007182262,0.0000052947958,0.00083944417,0.0002053234,9.466117e-7,0.000014743823,0.000012111617,0.9977367],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99917763,0.0000035186408,0.00007845223,0.000101834434,0.00051312393,0.00012541555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997897,0.00002601881,0.00004027823,0.00006846843,0.00002628671,0.000049216822],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000060360748,0.000059681905,0.00007331872,0.000009719933,0.00011397875,0.000018398177,0.00008937226,0.0001011273,0.0026558305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000022532075,0.000057467074,0.000023614974,0.00001803891,0.000034355748,0.000026917025,0.00001535806,0.00004952501,0.00034976928],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[2.5348965e-7,2.5795913e-7,0.000008528638,0.0000010720995,0.0000025328538,0.000005049837,0.000028968234,5.7065574e-7,1.6699024e-8,0.64967704,0.3491531,0.001122634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016952943,0.0000017408587,0.000025854533,0.000012239733,0.000004217043,1.9360522e-8,0.000038960927,0.0000012262745,7.749926e-7,0.02218251,0.9776376,0.00007789271],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9310188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9967799,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62848455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030552963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013721319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99825585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385605651","doi":"10.1007/s00355-023-01480-4","title":"Escape poverty trap with trust? An experimental study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Choice and Welfare","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"City University of Hong Kong","keywords":"Poverty trap; Economics; Endowment; Poverty; Pareto principle; Externality; Trap (plumbing); Matching (statistics); Consumption (sociology); Coordination failure; Microeconomics; Economic growth","score_opus":0.025129331722648876,"score_gpt":0.32053640002693484,"score_spread":0.295407068304286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385605651","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887162,0.000040043935,0.0000045093584,0.0020488827,0.00011140476,0.00029029846,0.000009742042,0.00014550048,0.008633433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985722,0.000029537396,0.0000035367002,0.000287362,0.0003489821,0.000025014882,0.000017884575,0.000011269026,0.00070422835],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988925,0.00009021982,0.00009243292,0.00021675858,0.00044262505,0.0002654995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976903,0.0000136883355,0.000040090334,0.00006461185,0.00002800838,0.00008457195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016458027,0.00009213526,0.0001135694,0.000025221072,0.001253049,0.000106561994,0.0000990883,0.000068395726,0.00017076444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000015681759,0.00007884097,0.000025193543,0.00039199766,0.00009449746,0.00038456413,0.000022296737,0.000059698727,0.000013726493],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012008854,0.001208905,0.7441692,0.000015902198,0.000055224747,0.000028554568,0.18981756,0.0000066990883,0.00012477562,0.044966053,0.0068211225,0.012665906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012546438,0.0005561469,0.5896754,0.000005702301,0.000028182225,2.0743069e-7,0.29590282,0.000020594813,0.00005891139,0.00020333169,0.11203101,0.00026304196],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018593586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023364595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1544938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000059452508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000035298708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9637567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385800423","doi":"10.4337/9781800379718.00019","title":"Public budgeting in developed and developing countries","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Accountability; Restructuring; Budget process; Politics; Government (linguistics); Political science; Public sector; New public management; Public administration; Business; Economic policy; Economics; Finance; Economy","score_opus":0.07901378562714233,"score_gpt":0.27618814758778754,"score_spread":0.1971743619606452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385800423","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00035237207,0.00020485485,0.00037083434,0.0070382617,0.0010191282,0.00040761847,0.000016767546,0.00034628157,0.99024385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.011668372,0.002582628,0.000998872,0.0024182205,0.0009750625,0.000041187315,0.000107624575,0.00016004304,0.981048],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971041,0.0000773325,0.0005323962,0.0005481525,0.0010655897,0.0006724317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987819,0.00029278937,0.0003229644,0.00019027149,0.000255701,0.00015633885],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002123136,0.00030181493,0.00039013274,0.0003251531,0.00058801036,0.002838154,0.00044938736,0.0006419605,0.000063217834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015313098,0.00033089708,0.00005824932,0.000117440795,0.00027850948,0.0012824021,0.00028670786,0.00051803014,0.00007507697],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000057695515,0.000001906578,0.0013436645,0.000052981646,0.00002075256,0.000026215605,0.004667682,5.255947e-7,3.620138e-7,0.96524864,0.010071829,0.018559642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020970337,0.000006946039,0.00074419414,0.00043007513,0.000010031684,9.649607e-7,0.0003755381,0.000006378409,0.000004600382,0.04942867,0.9483568,0.00042611037],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00080588803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012369464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93828493,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00069463276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014372091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999143},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386423569","doi":"10.21814/uminho.ed.132.3","title":"2. O estado do Estado: a regionalização no quadro da Constituição Portuguesa e da abertura à União Europeia","year":2023,"lang":"pt","type":"book-chapter","venue":"UMinho Editora eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Manitoba Health","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Humanities; Philosophy","score_opus":0.05647326478429703,"score_gpt":0.29044401557605193,"score_spread":0.2339707507917549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386423569","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004253108,0.0005810354,0.0008728774,0.0010430282,0.079632185,0.00227311,0.0008517904,0.00087317644,0.9134475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.024704296,0.0019830002,0.00009851606,0.0013326138,0.033104636,0.00008814087,0.0006094831,0.00041722704,0.93766207],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9898958,0.00030528457,0.001817083,0.0021217777,0.004122435,0.0017375855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99410266,0.0007176849,0.001688564,0.0014488905,0.0010874649,0.0009547273],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012084736,0.0015388103,0.0014669402,0.00037271038,0.0013574305,0.0009922419,0.0015729741,0.001767388,0.0019160403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006954459,0.0015711758,0.00071370945,0.00033768686,0.002453455,0.00040570152,0.0005886182,0.0012987368,0.005981766],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019637322,0.000116527895,0.00030835666,0.0002492532,0.00028487027,0.001141141,0.0048737125,0.000020306443,0.000060506794,0.5745537,0.4081565,0.010038683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009533945,0.00027376134,0.000053633867,0.0015773552,0.00035121318,0.000016351732,0.0012828838,0.00015333884,0.000031597083,0.0066761477,0.98681086,0.0018194524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013150458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005027142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.57865435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007629726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016627937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390174482","doi":"10.3390/jrfm17010009","title":"Sovereign Debt Crisis and Fiscal Devolution","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Devolution (biology); Economics; Endogeneity; Economic policy; Revenue; Fiscal policy; Debt; Monetary economics; Tax revenue; Fiscal union; Financial system; International economics; Macroeconomics; Finance; Market economy; Geography","score_opus":0.009405952403963316,"score_gpt":0.2450609426092823,"score_spread":0.235654990205319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390174482","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94092506,0.0011922248,0.044073235,0.0011348499,0.00084530766,0.00023687351,0.00001109381,0.00003919239,0.01154217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9700999,0.029015481,0.00031407623,0.00012679213,0.0002135493,0.0000013536562,7.457686e-7,0.0000034907623,0.00022457281],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991859,0.000051559335,0.00018738296,0.00008611707,0.0003247061,0.00016430038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996816,0.00003175736,0.0001447459,0.00003880744,0.000035034154,0.00006808839],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005829715,0.000055945984,0.00010739565,0.000089232126,0.00028598614,0.000051456267,0.00006208074,0.00004719828,0.0000129366945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010684906,0.00004921099,0.000036801488,0.00028487528,0.00005465388,0.00021163006,0.000042060292,0.000069264766,0.000007226231],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012297362,0.000060477116,0.08602712,0.00003571071,0.000018661953,0.000072897026,0.005548224,0.00007737218,0.0000037616667,0.5184955,0.044370353,0.34516695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007025581,0.00009834975,0.6194802,0.00004509772,0.00007909935,0.000002351931,0.0051713693,0.00008645869,0.000010345955,0.11725288,0.2569476,0.00012366686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013212502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00011345337,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5334531,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048584247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000019465557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21996032},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391106318","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2024.2306546","title":"Evidence of subnational government sovereign boundary percolation in Nigeria","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional & Federal Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereignty; Conceptualization; Extant taxon; Foreign direct investment; Political science; Government (linguistics); Boundary (topology); Sovereign state; Economics; Law","score_opus":0.08888409049947309,"score_gpt":0.3659344816981393,"score_spread":0.2770503911986662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391106318","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88902706,0.06935692,0.00095753383,0.01980713,0.0010579397,0.0006243087,0.000015786152,0.00009714055,0.01905617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.987625,0.010675316,0.00008603774,0.00021043823,0.00018534287,0.000020648466,0.0000029361618,0.000005362906,0.0011888893],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99822736,0.00008281301,0.00023777543,0.0001962745,0.0010782016,0.00017756919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946046,0.00031863005,0.00005904054,0.000050015482,0.000083343126,0.000028522278],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044410588,0.00008521584,0.0001426296,0.000027314401,0.00027218746,0.00007828931,0.00008300571,0.00004871926,0.00007939037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024693419,0.00007768664,0.00006240276,0.00026195392,0.00021507242,0.0005194904,0.00003625926,0.00006338026,0.000013733406],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016948779,0.00013086403,0.10976366,0.00021716247,0.00011658667,0.000020314157,0.02256427,0.00028464434,0.00047034989,0.83604753,0.022274721,0.0079403855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010383099,0.00039080446,0.49320734,0.0053519756,0.000056234934,0.0000060995353,0.054207444,0.0015929999,0.0005671517,0.19718584,0.24545081,0.00094500714],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026578535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022350717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6388617,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008095451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021000308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31679696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392164709","doi":"10.1177/10780874241233535","title":"Landscapes of Remunicipalization: A Critical Literature Review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Urban Affairs Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Viewpoints; Phenomenon; Sociology; Epistemology; Regional science; Political science; Positive economics; Economic geography; Geography; Economics; Computer science","score_opus":0.015961544271095744,"score_gpt":0.3376379549924409,"score_spread":0.3216764107213452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392164709","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001924933,0.9092911,0.00033099495,0.010022975,0.00024412498,0.00034172417,0.000013972068,0.00007143905,0.07968175],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.015789334,0.98058677,0.000099141194,0.0014996359,0.00016964694,0.000021537146,0.00003303121,0.0000097146885,0.0017911851],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99860877,0.00020474358,0.00034768466,0.0001935126,0.0004604219,0.000184843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994401,0.00010928809,0.000054600074,0.0001976276,0.00012451684,0.000073912364],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006598061,0.00009777829,0.00029886336,0.000027062002,0.00007774201,0.000059094167,0.0001772983,0.00006260435,0.001070635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009547393,0.00007732321,0.00014375708,0.0010649198,0.00008510556,0.00027650985,0.000024618743,0.00009011738,0.00008930123],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000010466846,0.00002263113,0.000071303664,0.03509098,0.000009688137,0.000016903408,0.0007040192,1.7255499e-7,0.0000010635011,0.53563744,0.42149955,0.006945195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002160213,0.000013892435,0.000006039315,0.13447462,0.0000884913,0.0000025700551,0.000048064863,0.000023747156,0.0000030213957,0.00048653138,0.8647501,0.00008131341],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013453421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000028108034,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.53515095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000048806854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010771849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392487128","doi":"","title":"The debt of local governments : Is there something to worry about? Analysis of French and Canadian cases.","year":2018,"lang":"fr","type":"preprint","venue":"theses.fr (ABES)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Worry; Debt; Political science; Economic history; Economics; Psychology; Macroeconomics; Psychiatry","score_opus":0.02360345078799895,"score_gpt":0.2871580065446318,"score_spread":0.26355455575663284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392487128","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90023655,0.0046450146,0.00300547,0.0019059379,0.0008683371,0.000713035,0.0008285472,0.000016300572,0.087780826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924227,0.0054515586,0.00017447892,0.0005349488,0.00014773896,0.000017223681,0.000016606478,0.000025508445,0.0012092389],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9960192,0.00038255542,0.00077801076,0.0006120443,0.0014471337,0.000761045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972586,0.00063233566,0.0006652505,0.0007289756,0.00026166346,0.0004531866],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014015447,0.00036804774,0.000790073,0.00016720283,0.0005418744,0.0001268696,0.0008694007,0.00044807311,0.0010380319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037017654,0.00029484893,0.0003141165,0.0016558598,0.0012731666,0.0001809687,0.0003908626,0.00030075037,0.00005157738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011218246,0.0003247973,0.37123725,0.0002725233,0.004626251,0.00003934954,0.119294405,0.0028887591,0.000075661075,0.37882116,0.0027485995,0.11955906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000703537,0.0003887937,0.5346216,0.0015461965,0.0049084825,0.0000032119374,0.072467774,0.0072941235,0.0024517502,0.014269039,0.35987616,0.0014693162],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8524586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7785584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.36455214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011078404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005998968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392975379","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4766903","title":"Demographic Shifts and Public Sector Innovation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Public sector; Economic geography; Business; Geography; Political science; Regional science; Economics; Economy","score_opus":0.01882772173242432,"score_gpt":0.27783710323601424,"score_spread":0.25900938150358993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392975379","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9518976,0.01723423,0.0076702414,0.012840114,0.0019561981,0.00039468004,0.0000101541455,0.00014629599,0.007850475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96102077,0.036643494,0.00002680176,0.00017239309,0.00087266933,0.000009318975,0.000014240735,0.00002159269,0.0012187439],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99692976,0.00014644595,0.00032986497,0.0002946464,0.00063864025,0.0016606223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993639,0.000027607644,0.00024614332,0.00011364249,0.00016905497,0.00007966226],"candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023957295,0.00016810457,0.00017555022,0.00032345136,0.00041882123,0.00059913646,0.0002539499,0.00030726678,0.00004539916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020932475,0.00015812143,0.00008119995,0.00088773045,0.00012765189,0.00020137375,0.00018869566,0.0028325175,0.000016452746],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006618857,0.000022161239,0.0064966464,0.000023862392,0.00008704461,0.0000021164901,0.0007682406,0.000004615643,0.000010277941,0.9706559,0.0004190757,0.021503432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013420945,0.00004364662,0.0011577999,0.00007506413,0.000042405136,0.000009275003,0.0020467024,0.00005656797,0.0000032763921,0.9779344,0.018306434,0.00019019423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00047384287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008778066,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021313237,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013900612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005726545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99991006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394789328","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103087","title":"Dwindling funds and increased responsibilities: Decentralization, unfunded mandates, and Harare's infrastructure crisis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Habitat International","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","keywords":"Decentralization; Context (archaeology); Population; Revenue; Economic growth; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Local government; Business; Economics; Finance; Political science; Public administration; Geography; Sociology","score_opus":0.008660120144881343,"score_gpt":0.2878788090268499,"score_spread":0.2792186888819686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394789328","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96166897,0.002379334,0.010427963,0.010349703,0.0017362916,0.00034040157,0.00018000425,0.00025225672,0.012665105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956259,0.0014615827,0.0005685782,0.00067522994,0.00022340116,0.000008652945,0.00008303837,0.000011668862,0.0013419576],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99881405,0.000078977704,0.00019451068,0.00027972416,0.0004420662,0.0001906805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950516,0.00017836853,0.000038773636,0.000071555645,0.00010617247,0.00009995108],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032576025,0.00010283866,0.00009140573,0.00010247834,0.00022656532,0.00048481504,0.000107929925,0.000086733795,0.0005275755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034247778,0.00009945721,0.000027676799,0.0001943486,0.00014507378,0.00059369457,0.000048840713,0.00008207694,0.00001020418],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014287067,0.000038883816,0.22506812,0.00007765209,0.00010358258,0.000027911627,0.015754087,0.000059918308,0.00021591071,0.6911328,0.05868701,0.008691257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006785861,0.000049214137,0.123915106,0.0002028983,0.00004427383,0.000013563718,0.0072517362,0.004592676,0.00026617743,0.063900106,0.7987353,0.00035034394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004285252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000528182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7400483,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017979683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014132078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5776582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394962650","doi":"10.1080/01900692.2024.2339948","title":"Back to Basics: A Comparative Analysis of Government Performance in Governing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Public Administration","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Oxford; McGill University","keywords":"Accountability; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Language change; New public management; Public management; Public administration; Accounting; Good governance; Performance management; Core (optical fiber); Political science; Certainty; Business; Economics; Management; Public sector; Law; Finance; Computer science","score_opus":0.047806719156083095,"score_gpt":0.36698105509931783,"score_spread":0.31917433594323474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394962650","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9251226,0.00011614725,0.029573733,0.0067440164,0.0009446083,0.00013651811,0.000069858186,0.0000068125073,0.037285678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99845713,0.00015437989,0.0004071029,0.00009054341,0.00017280265,0.0000022254803,0.000012018185,0.0000027214774,0.00070106046],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978059,0.00008330912,0.0005164221,0.0001066367,0.0013665839,0.00012114232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992249,0.000104876926,0.00028248498,0.000048490645,0.00026157696,0.000077642915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008727947,0.000065460175,0.00017552967,0.00023120355,0.00003078302,0.00017781738,0.0002541237,0.000042172964,0.00059459923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017227462,0.00006194146,0.00010069715,0.00085067365,0.000044278826,0.00085966295,0.000021088352,0.00009019199,0.00002063871],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041871346,0.00067491806,0.55708814,0.000040887826,0.0018633557,0.000064135544,0.028421009,0.007397682,0.0006709461,0.35987082,0.0029897036,0.040499706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006623543,0.00060218305,0.37101513,0.00037884843,0.00023263629,0.0000086140835,0.009371791,0.02129816,0.0017662133,0.00028567892,0.59410226,0.00027614593],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003723736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013502385,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.59111255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007081134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036588038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6510445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396588545","doi":"10.1177/152397210400400406","title":"Editor's Introduction","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy","score_opus":0.007754713405384542,"score_gpt":0.23515400252449167,"score_spread":0.22739928911910712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396588545","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.09458686,0.0017255447,0.08602464,0.39844388,0.023469677,0.002052118,0.0000073755095,0.00059964164,0.39309028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9691303,0.015926054,0.0011234678,0.00095385866,0.0063124616,0.00005847839,0.000009583405,0.000007541488,0.0064783045],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925977,0.000013279177,0.00008356129,0.00017441607,0.00025249246,0.00021646898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998027,0.0000031631864,0.0000375791,0.00009525034,0.000026761543,0.000034522378],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021301684,0.0000528201,0.000053388358,0.00003519465,0.000277077,0.00009605081,0.000079724516,0.000031725518,0.0000308533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020144304,0.000052937772,0.000015152779,0.0002273609,0.000084016734,0.0004352046,0.0000369134,0.00003022245,0.0000363861],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000025129082,0.000038065366,0.00034794025,0.000008940298,0.0000046630207,0.0000014671541,0.00043814754,0.000027919494,0.0000010732193,0.9053617,0.061503835,0.03226372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024993168,0.000014369421,0.0055144466,0.0000062888894,0.0000046881296,1.4984039e-7,0.00046752344,0.0000034368331,0.000013108049,0.009432025,0.98422575,0.000068301946],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016529328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00018829339,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9227219,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00011549475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000024564284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21587397},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396815512","doi":"10.20899/jpna.sk21ph17","title":"Open Government Policy Making by Popular Voting: Comparing Canada and New Zealand","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Voting; Open government; Government (linguistics); Public administration; Political science; Open data; Politics; Law; Linguistics","score_opus":0.03306168213873879,"score_gpt":0.30477623079698024,"score_spread":0.27171454865824146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396815512","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6945117,0.014958875,0.006520819,0.16092315,0.0024639817,0.0008734906,0.00005316219,0.000065620196,0.11962919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935315,0.000797682,0.000118983044,0.00020582917,0.00035348017,6.573168e-7,0.0000011056175,0.000007657866,0.004983098],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986614,0.000058437145,0.00025424597,0.00012614302,0.0006491875,0.00025055802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994882,0.00003717753,0.00016070463,0.000042275406,0.000033848828,0.00023779403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00070656295,0.000081058744,0.00017369362,0.000030468927,0.00019681382,0.00079222186,0.00021713332,0.00004487528,0.000032928474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011917104,0.00006959216,0.0000241581,0.00021420178,0.000048706373,0.00074085715,0.00011331992,0.00011999145,4.8305714e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037968282,0.000036395344,0.39212957,0.000050119386,0.00010853606,0.000052945205,0.0044254297,0.0000085791935,0.00006576275,0.14693105,0.35375693,0.10239671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003829912,0.00005327441,0.009978963,0.00014872772,0.000023963974,0.000012972059,0.00552871,0.0002264932,0.000025205814,0.00086763134,0.9826162,0.00013490443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2816299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3456929,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6288592,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049911643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011023966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7639414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399449943","doi":"10.5267/j.ac.2024.4.001","title":"Impact of information and communication technologies on budget transparency of the provincial government in Vietnam","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Accounting","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Sophistication; Openness to experience; Public economics; Industrialisation; Government (linguistics); Public expenditure; Business; Economics; Public finance; Computer science; Macroeconomics; Sociology; Psychology; Computer security","score_opus":0.007383008317042446,"score_gpt":0.2720990400733563,"score_spread":0.2647160317563138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399449943","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99489963,0.00017870679,0.000108035085,0.00046909,0.000038705628,0.00016901069,0.000010708934,0.000020501699,0.0041055866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995654,0.00037621547,0.000029077657,0.000010415827,0.000005307133,0.000004831864,0.0000012625026,0.0000014302357,0.000006050858],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994099,0.000022042675,0.0001737447,0.000040755658,0.00028314974,0.00007041163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997542,0.000044114102,0.000096237,0.00008426493,0.000017601256,0.0000035935748],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030255356,0.000034166762,0.000054119042,0.000020569452,0.00006253241,0.000030876272,0.00011939106,0.00004391285,0.000004008716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018019576,0.000023565144,0.000021301548,0.00025337294,0.00008138946,0.00045345153,0.000026769072,0.000056313642,6.351533e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022738557,0.000046270565,0.75916535,0.000099118486,0.000009842615,9.9655054e-8,0.015160769,0.0001931216,0.0005090609,0.083153345,0.00015372713,0.14148657],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022512882,0.00008175665,0.98171014,0.00052334904,0.000012943269,1.4536737e-7,0.0076354626,0.0015284542,0.0016361002,0.0036453842,0.0029066126,0.00009451501],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016634389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00083133875,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.22254482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001426917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000063461135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25146332},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399970691","doi":"10.1177/21582440241258291","title":"Does Implementation of ’Citizen’s Charter Make Any Difference in Service Delivery? Comparing the Performance of Local Councils between Plain and Hilly Areas—A Case of Bangladesh","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAGE Open","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Charter; Service delivery framework; Service (business); Political science; Public administration; Business; Law; Marketing","score_opus":0.027395074255347703,"score_gpt":0.30593598252213383,"score_spread":0.2785409082667861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399970691","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984603,0.000100925245,0.00021297469,0.0002885299,0.00004434398,0.00035589037,0.00008494829,0.000004397051,0.0004476765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996671,0.00018068959,0.000018258026,0.00004079153,0.000018843819,0.000010227067,0.000010141476,0.0000037060458,0.00005020615],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99916553,0.00007623605,0.0002513189,0.000121992496,0.00026120813,0.00012373617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996429,0.00009316918,0.00009745082,0.0000853143,0.00005733225,0.000023850334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005824204,0.000060022412,0.00015765258,0.000023043167,0.00007360797,0.000049866678,0.0001864736,0.000033045693,0.000053524043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000062636723,0.00003769959,0.00001479144,0.00022149085,0.00011091127,0.00022428986,0.000079796686,0.0000483757,7.801295e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033194425,0.000020768377,0.9290964,0.00025546507,0.0000197888,0.00001308815,0.025549468,0.000021524245,0.00041304957,0.002590769,0.000024382563,0.041962117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064969,0.00007977581,0.954901,0.00050579314,0.000042734806,0.000002459542,0.035445638,0.0028814557,0.0046287226,0.00032709324,0.0004145747,0.0001210563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017258072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06951411,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05225604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007783378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000096664226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98928607},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400002600","doi":"10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123518","title":"How to escape the dilemma of carbon emission reduction policies implementation under Chinese fiscal decentralization?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Group for Research in Decision Analysis; HEC Montréal","funders":"National Social Science Fund of China; National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences","keywords":"Decentralization; Dilemma; Reduction (mathematics); Carbon fibers; Economics; Market economy; Mathematics","score_opus":0.07747007975764864,"score_gpt":0.34252279246975503,"score_spread":0.2650527127121064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400002600","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97313756,0.00021552948,0.0007783792,0.024819493,0.00017101469,0.00035996008,0.000010115509,0.00019485995,0.00031308658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992039,0.00017858548,0.00003911164,0.00006630683,0.00031530412,0.000040137318,0.00001295311,0.0000073050664,0.00013637691],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990737,0.00006679121,0.00013955015,0.00017628,0.00030694724,0.00023675682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997638,0.000049133432,0.000058047,0.000051639465,0.000041794818,0.000035626166],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032320566,0.00009218639,0.000109665976,0.000058536756,0.000468956,0.0001340096,0.00009893484,0.0001479387,0.000015851001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013480037,0.000060236318,0.00003969789,0.00065612426,0.00022813058,0.00014948039,0.000057914833,0.00009186148,4.5198416e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039241768,0.00007518451,0.03571702,0.00012529046,0.000035325207,0.0000035740788,0.08446189,0.000009998417,0.002825018,0.5856057,0.0010049193,0.29009685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001633544,0.0011758164,0.26133972,0.0007901733,0.00034759127,0.000029464036,0.34673342,0.0105809,0.007717045,0.2138352,0.15381068,0.0020064209],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009710448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00028633015,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3717705,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009605274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000017513188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3606878},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400111152","doi":"10.4000/11whl","title":"Policy capacity research: An overview and bibliography of the international literature, 1978 to 2023","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Public Policy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Capacity building; Political science; Public policy; Capacity development; Public relations; Sociology; Environmental resource management; Economics","score_opus":0.18133019330243072,"score_gpt":0.4721725646424601,"score_spread":0.2908423713400294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400111152","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03242475,0.13222602,0.00026459122,0.46830535,0.0026997677,0.0014899306,0.0012856807,0.00008996066,0.36121392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.39195892,0.60190856,0.0001014525,0.0039177905,0.0009547569,0.000030229534,0.00002579964,0.000008041953,0.0010944294],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99725866,0.00031434232,0.0003705169,0.00022776362,0.0015869273,0.00024181166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986464,0.00015043904,0.00011283935,0.00021873195,0.0007225484,0.00014906476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0024528059,0.00009073866,0.0001580197,0.003446855,0.00010285681,0.00028051945,0.0009091174,0.000050199316,0.00018820645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028967066,0.00006614312,0.00014156294,0.014421785,0.00029821668,0.00073810585,0.0002319095,0.00015226875,0.000012928247],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000021910407,0.000047496895,0.0033296393,0.0004394213,0.000037402657,6.6784133e-7,0.00048637076,3.5637558e-7,0.00005022055,0.928347,0.048488896,0.018770335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000062894585,0.000025711213,0.020498244,0.0045823175,0.0000061996425,0.000002826626,0.00006155506,0.00002703136,0.000053346303,0.034094058,0.94051373,0.00007208875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007227228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00048097558,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.89425296,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013361541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005219137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99938375},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400115309","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-51093-9_11","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Theory and Practice: The Case of Income Supports in Australia and Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Federalism and internal conflicts","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Economics; Political science; Public economics; Market economy; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.02035179959737591,"score_gpt":0.3147472188694742,"score_spread":0.2943954192720983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400115309","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6084945,0.0039210855,0.000010672363,0.009433833,0.001104414,0.0008643024,0.00020471742,0.000019799973,0.37594664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81885713,0.0016767436,0.0000042060174,0.0007716398,0.0000988961,0.000004644515,0.000007822871,0.000014071337,0.17856486],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99866146,0.00013508504,0.0003865872,0.0002977225,0.0002878385,0.00023133347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992101,0.00035956374,0.00018305647,0.00010111515,0.00004147901,0.00010467985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083895645,0.0002036445,0.00029288317,0.00006819555,0.00014181402,0.00023350831,0.000096046504,0.00021129206,0.0001232722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017080091,0.00015833418,0.00002805172,0.00003158272,0.0003368576,0.00023094693,0.000116998046,0.00035368413,0.0000011430355],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011634853,0.0000092184055,0.0014703884,0.00010159485,0.00003555574,0.0034161308,0.009596709,7.0090556e-7,0.000003274074,0.9818985,0.0026515755,0.0007000176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008729039,0.00012403034,0.006474157,0.0013008262,0.0001013549,0.001092222,0.00452684,0.000036741072,0.000017374936,0.08421077,0.90068924,0.0005535182],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.85076725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.91794556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8980377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013715436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001449116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.645668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400691766","doi":"10.1787/3d5c8c20-en","title":"Navigating conflict and fostering co-operation in fiscal federalism","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"OECD working papers on fiscal federalism","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Fiscal year; Federalism; Political science; Economics; Finance; Decentralization; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.07340683188423246,"score_gpt":0.36910664222329354,"score_spread":0.29569981033906106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400691766","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.061214305,0.0042894594,0.00002774635,0.011206684,0.0046054353,0.0013024014,0.00006681773,0.0004078059,0.91687936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767701,0.010811273,0.00007771842,0.0020892408,0.0016478582,0.00008702112,0.0003097239,0.00012133849,0.008085707],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9951998,0.0002942958,0.0007760902,0.0009814001,0.0019181329,0.000830298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99895406,0.00024765,0.0002881311,0.00025081058,0.00003490774,0.00022441315],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001255813,0.00053830136,0.0006615335,0.00009194266,0.0009723634,0.0016345727,0.00025857886,0.0008954969,0.0002506835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016487924,0.0005316552,0.00019349248,0.00018033749,0.00022459506,0.00019756696,0.00017019577,0.0013570895,0.000102152684],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032944517,0.00038659637,0.044979304,0.0012906892,0.00038464856,0.0016441538,0.06489927,0.000700677,0.0019927148,0.05970234,0.1456313,0.67805886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000546285,0.000083914754,0.0023223187,0.0030731708,0.000054895187,0.000016146869,0.0012158738,0.00012487567,0.00015592457,0.00049711904,0.99103695,0.00087254826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003581086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004170176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91555583,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012246595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031721775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402303527","doi":"10.59962/9780774870337","title":"Local Governance in Transition","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of British Columbia Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transition (genetics); Corporate governance; Political science; Business; Chemistry; Finance","score_opus":0.009949381319797558,"score_gpt":0.19387763133005187,"score_spread":0.1839282500102543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402303527","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00047664426,0.00069413043,0.0006305375,0.000033529417,0.00022455749,0.00035670138,0.00049884996,0.000060209,0.99702483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.028046085,0.0019308133,0.000029478337,0.00003719834,0.000059693743,4.9013323e-7,0.00003178635,0.000015319032,0.9698491],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986913,0.0000632348,0.00015975093,0.00031241967,0.00054722023,0.00022604072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995989,0.000028461938,0.00012563803,0.000115109375,0.00006809681,0.00006380142],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001525435,0.00007606133,0.0002511995,0.000017871318,0.000115320225,0.00010919412,0.0002690157,0.00035175364,0.00028007457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000074525774,0.00019771978,0.000117901596,0.00003083706,0.00051593734,0.00013115845,0.000054833028,0.00023016226,0.0000114455215],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004102059,0.000076026314,0.000036440306,0.00044411785,0.000056926005,0.0009826575,0.0078071035,0.000065277585,0.0000014016371,0.03810672,0.85096425,0.101418056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003700103,0.000026268597,0.0002629343,0.0013442892,0.00005654164,0.0000019869383,0.0005076624,0.00006871915,0.0000010491457,0.004919184,0.9922255,0.0002158155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5016046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8363424,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33473778,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006745022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005116416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8062779},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402772381","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-53759-2_5","title":"(Dis)Empowerment and Self-Rule: Fiscal Federalism and Minority Nations in Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Federalism and internal conflicts","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Empowerment; Federalism; Political science; Fiscal federalism; Development economics; Economics; Decentralization; Law; Politics","score_opus":0.012120352159119132,"score_gpt":0.24400271450710034,"score_spread":0.2318823623479812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402772381","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.051493637,0.004581097,0.000010060752,0.0059277704,0.001093427,0.0004923516,0.00019573717,0.000050926345,0.936155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.54095274,0.012274519,0.000020103058,0.0016551693,0.00036681062,0.000012954127,0.000047540285,0.000026327445,0.44464386],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99839455,0.000030063702,0.00033168297,0.00043566286,0.00051236263,0.0002957052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947083,0.000063090934,0.00011340715,0.00009109709,0.000049217906,0.00021233529],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015546975,0.00026648454,0.00030470322,0.000091733426,0.0003560076,0.000461142,0.00011017888,0.00021618903,0.0001534167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000026985193,0.00026005114,0.00003735928,0.000038640646,0.00014098761,0.00020274826,0.00013095124,0.00029428318,0.0000058593428],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024312749,0.000023282666,0.0047138482,0.00017046268,0.00008717581,0.0001805903,0.0070423726,5.6783136e-7,0.0000043204236,0.9697842,0.016413305,0.001555533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039351603,0.00003797524,0.006636906,0.00035166752,0.000044871325,0.000013517945,0.00036831023,0.00011063247,0.0000057661655,0.009527136,0.9821572,0.0003525156],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.71436256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9189632,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9657439,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051148364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003399793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403072381","doi":"10.1002/iir.1554","title":"Municipalities at the crossroads: Deciphering the nexus between municipal insolvencies and international investment mandates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Insolvency Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nexus (standard); Investment (military); Business; International investment; Political science; Foreign direct investment; Engineering; Law","score_opus":0.07014366098796015,"score_gpt":0.37946783636904846,"score_spread":0.3093241753810883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403072381","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15769428,0.55715007,0.0005051375,0.107802026,0.005396689,0.0016146424,0.00025365385,0.00028585416,0.16929765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6513839,0.32335725,0.00004852315,0.006739319,0.0009319644,0.00016697857,0.00009638645,0.000022619064,0.01725311],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982264,0.00015577985,0.00040162692,0.00025787306,0.0007144017,0.00024390194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991388,0.0003772121,0.000109094675,0.00021897315,0.00009627124,0.000059657465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010511897,0.00015144474,0.00016307994,0.000034039585,0.0005701094,0.00045435393,0.00077199534,0.000054368793,0.0008369971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034351525,0.00009124124,0.00011533527,0.0002178709,0.0005136726,0.00050395884,0.00035310336,0.00017145378,0.00009012729],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020524893,0.00006776742,0.016653577,0.00046089408,0.00052455073,0.0000239779,0.035805956,0.000107285625,0.00002446254,0.8466857,0.040800683,0.058824636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000076140226,0.00001279618,0.002539527,0.00132233,0.000052786298,0.0000057435095,0.0012592237,0.00035235705,0.000015359577,0.0062707504,0.9879725,0.000120487726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014683885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017130016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9471718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035058992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000875748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9164532},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405228117","doi":"10.1093/9780198930426.003.0003","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Practice","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Per capita; Fiscal system; Equalization (audio); Gross domestic product; Economics; Point (geometry); Fiscal capacity; State (computer science); Transfer (computing); Public economics; Service (business); Product (mathematics); Transfer payment; Macroeconomics; Economic policy; Economy; Political science; Engineering; Computer science; Decentralization; Market economy; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.021420678684121345,"score_gpt":0.3092191148631771,"score_spread":0.28779843617905576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405228117","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002494301,0.00045866374,0.000071222734,0.009151105,0.00050856924,0.00016131908,0.000004991429,0.00006296929,0.98957866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0018650737,0.0025218336,0.00007437169,0.0014397004,0.00032087573,0.000003212307,0.000010631683,0.000016262231,0.993748],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989406,0.000014507934,0.00016612826,0.00021184962,0.0004990463,0.00016790684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997092,0.00007911747,0.000056532586,0.00008291224,0.000026549049,0.000045722583],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023135213,0.000104234576,0.00012003191,0.000041368385,0.00007883023,0.0001392471,0.00009768348,0.00027116365,0.001651753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000077127406,0.00009621433,0.000053253236,0.00003839772,0.00006726104,0.00021713822,0.000033927343,0.00019754654,0.0011831345],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004679155,0.0000069403104,0.000012138227,0.000006114766,0.0000075885528,0.000044877983,0.0009402643,0.000001243929,1.234954e-7,0.9611564,0.03632437,0.001495239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004680626,0.000007839388,0.000008888359,0.000068978894,0.000017723914,4.9399733e-7,0.00028707116,0.000008506013,7.7215014e-7,0.10952782,0.88991004,0.000115050774],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015414327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054821563,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85358566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027476886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100863654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99959457},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405557369","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104075","title":"The elected official next door","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Business","score_opus":0.022452908839258455,"score_gpt":0.2629997010437091,"score_spread":0.24054679220445066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405557369","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9276147,0.0030876796,0.0002484023,0.027056126,0.0013571166,0.00027385235,0.000004624085,0.000110337016,0.040247202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909641,0.0055475663,0.00001916743,0.00061937363,0.00044866733,0.000004145412,0.0000010584677,0.0000037721338,0.0023921167],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99921834,0.000014912401,0.000097637174,0.00019381485,0.00021327783,0.00026199815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996815,0.000096444914,0.000025648085,0.00006550339,0.00004872215,0.000082227314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065994647,0.000048329155,0.00004568797,0.000027942431,0.0011441518,0.00070371915,0.00020344395,0.000031834366,0.000016267899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000904709,0.00003525551,0.000021549573,0.0003560281,0.0009962097,0.000604654,0.00002687092,0.0000492368,0.000032382715],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006058288,0.000005447963,0.0006472467,0.0000012908812,0.0000025872353,6.370249e-7,0.00091881375,0.000010626322,0.000037991194,0.9583438,0.017309869,0.022715632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003385188,0.000013118674,0.002634692,0.0000067566916,0.0000029458522,0.000001134969,0.00054925075,0.003857654,0.000027582546,0.0058882274,0.9869191,0.00006569005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001843843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005438197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9696092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022290609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007935389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.88000065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405635270","doi":"10.53095/88975026","title":"Economic Freedom of North America 2024 All Government Dataset","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Jurisdiction; Government (linguistics); Geography; State (computer science); Population; Index (typography); Political science; Demography; Law; Sociology","score_opus":0.029146769018137824,"score_gpt":0.3134797242956104,"score_spread":0.28433295527747254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405635270","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009258133,0.0009573759,0.0002958969,0.00086571876,0.0052214977,0.0004633472,0.029377732,0.00005928306,0.96183336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08444267,0.133379,0.0008288191,0.0016800321,0.005099682,0.00013611645,0.028326286,0.00020326715,0.74590415],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971276,0.000039648243,0.00046795307,0.00040082893,0.0016672013,0.00029678922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99913454,0.00005246411,0.0003317108,0.00033755982,0.000040300758,0.00010342577],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032201392,0.0001908707,0.00035727595,0.000027701506,0.000053248656,0.00007909825,0.0003557303,0.00015344743,0.004001384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000826153,0.00017127598,0.00013234197,0.00012736194,0.00019713842,0.00013984332,0.00015943474,0.0001575537,0.0007803933],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000047181493,0.000033711323,0.0018106044,0.00008123818,0.000097175885,0.00001655327,0.00022290641,0.00009126968,4.2910816e-7,0.0023817278,0.98860234,0.006657354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004949708,0.000030713865,0.0005353068,0.000049560866,0.00012150727,6.020996e-7,0.00026765032,0.000038212587,0.000008604044,0.000105376246,0.99859667,0.00019628702],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028055305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04078547,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21592921,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017782878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013230008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406105356","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105275","title":"Correlation in state and local tax changes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Semtech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Correlation; State (computer science); Econometrics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.01881011304576404,"score_gpt":0.2630370515054842,"score_spread":0.24422693845972013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406105356","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9163252,0.00037270665,0.050839264,0.01866031,0.0006372721,0.00007649696,0.0000025140491,0.000003027383,0.013083178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99495727,0.0031993445,0.00008036902,0.0003430032,0.000050732626,4.8954644e-7,4.192082e-7,0.0000015417111,0.0013668381],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99958867,0.000041184212,0.00017786273,0.000043719247,0.000050161198,0.00009840003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996865,0.000043838118,0.00016419528,0.000025144367,0.000042043717,0.00003831925],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006863952,0.00002876334,0.00008193322,0.00009597631,0.0000488161,0.00007138926,0.000059966722,0.000037647438,0.000025231013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010360199,0.000028531042,0.000013575058,0.000106275824,0.000059582566,0.0003827714,0.000012414406,0.00005964423,0.0000017007096],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002807101,0.0000599955,0.3521937,0.000009333549,0.0000192089,0.000003041943,0.0029872037,0.002458493,0.0000035593891,0.33334643,0.0035104104,0.30538052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013555973,0.00008982099,0.15999232,0.00006406225,0.000012343828,0.0000026131097,0.006362855,0.006666258,0.000042640746,0.05978978,0.7654803,0.00014141461],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013458505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006840923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.76196986,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023761368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018859709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38173953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406760076","doi":"10.1080/07352166.2025.2452552","title":"The fiscal impact of tax abatements on New York’s school districts","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Urban Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Public economics","score_opus":0.017236256248046204,"score_gpt":0.3045045281088896,"score_spread":0.2872682718608434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406760076","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5734616,0.0052186307,0.0051126946,0.015327833,0.0043710545,0.00080257433,0.000041051528,0.000038199927,0.39562637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911208,0.00043176181,0.00002475251,0.000048142083,0.00020979063,4.1348503e-7,5.168679e-7,0.0000031298036,0.008160672],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875253,0.00007709968,0.00033956618,0.000061880884,0.0005826367,0.00018628995],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920046,0.00011204639,0.0003942586,0.0000960793,0.00007290823,0.00012427122],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040072214,0.000069292444,0.00013671376,0.000049773553,0.00018909705,0.000073179435,0.00027615076,0.000051279985,0.00008391313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004803073,0.00004190157,0.00021258768,0.00034716996,0.00007526783,0.00016536715,0.000016691296,0.00012253737,0.00000839191],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019003676,0.00011540368,0.108599424,0.000004522219,0.00011592424,0.0000036943322,0.00090933644,0.00020410126,0.000053457217,0.01812818,0.8649168,0.0067591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0028750158,0.0011679519,0.55034167,0.00054901163,0.0001572878,0.0000019329834,0.010300246,0.00010100712,0.00078589615,0.00912335,0.42433506,0.00026156884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003796869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000116279254,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.44174224,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000416121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00054123014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17086965},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408021683","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5158716","title":"Reflections on Emerging Roles of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: From Financing to Accountability in Decentralized Subnational Governance, Preserving the Environment and Responding to Fiscal Shocks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Corporate governance; Business; Finance; Financial system; Political science","score_opus":0.01641470003695781,"score_gpt":0.3198054020219129,"score_spread":0.30339070198495505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408021683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96445876,0.0010574845,0.02227407,0.008164349,0.00044699656,0.000805273,0.00019955989,0.00001599456,0.0025775018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898802,0.008753534,0.00018140748,0.00027894013,0.00015282766,0.00004921364,0.000011889636,0.000013703754,0.00067826314],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99606365,0.0003973267,0.000638056,0.00051075954,0.0011759646,0.001214221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905187,0.0003241259,0.00023939519,0.00024187086,0.000033894135,0.00010885132],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021379723,0.00025389224,0.00034594856,0.00018569337,0.00046269028,0.00013331055,0.0006062969,0.00020329411,0.00009178377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040329198,0.00022694761,0.00014788272,0.00046922237,0.00008746854,0.00022414706,0.00033269307,0.0015017814,0.0000019565248],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0049917223,0.0009201939,0.18307821,0.0000904706,0.0005358753,0.000007582773,0.09190671,0.042610683,0.0019043166,0.6010776,0.000905185,0.07197146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0052318005,0.0013527211,0.39860612,0.005202492,0.00041106952,0.0000093914105,0.12871057,0.00291632,0.0032250553,0.38357133,0.06859508,0.00216804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032478082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07075556,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.21750624,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006926076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010590714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99688613},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408739093","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192856494.013.22","title":"Mauritius","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Geography","score_opus":0.020003301710375513,"score_gpt":0.22725506840892432,"score_spread":0.2072517666985488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408739093","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004689609,0.00006546805,0.0004934554,0.00007209313,0.00025509635,0.00024942268,0.00007132623,0.00010166798,0.9986868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00028319238,0.001839457,0.000052027917,0.00012238753,0.00010157631,2.696976e-7,0.000018489278,0.000009514959,0.9975731],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999049,0.000026621841,0.00009449095,0.0002479639,0.00036292936,0.00021900843],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950826,0.00003706078,0.00010389786,0.00019397182,0.00007392458,0.00008288607],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000074028714,0.00014577442,0.000174112,0.000060886636,0.0003730076,0.000045597964,0.00033606417,0.0003391893,0.00013810086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000010875642,0.00018418403,0.00011645977,0.000008862715,0.0002046459,0.00008873496,0.00012966646,0.0001646234,0.0000020926175],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022819655,0.000004509995,0.0000056784306,0.000018091392,0.000025913196,0.000034948855,0.00031661525,0.0000014297714,2.488372e-7,0.9656004,0.024649028,0.009320364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018263329,0.0000109684515,0.0000036775318,0.00010435758,0.00006959563,1.2445147e-7,0.000095719544,0.000006122972,0.0000070719184,0.003734606,0.9956012,0.00018395056],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00040314932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032629058,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.97095215,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031360233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022618467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7510807},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408923986","doi":"10.3390/jrfm18040178","title":"Determinants of the Financing Mechanisms of Decentralization in Togo","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"World Bank Group","keywords":"Decentralization; Business; Economics; Market economy","score_opus":0.005748735079435316,"score_gpt":0.24866733585416917,"score_spread":0.24291860077473384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408923986","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9070896,0.00037694376,0.090371825,0.000104379375,0.00057723577,0.00021307061,0.0000033852127,0.0000018505843,0.0012617314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947817,0.0046072314,0.00042745614,0.00005385546,0.000017293978,0.0000010091508,9.72236e-8,0.0000018592174,0.000109550725],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990311,0.00007805918,0.0004255891,0.00006440248,0.00028253475,0.00011830272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936175,0.0000351151,0.00044680154,0.00006843995,0.000071462935,0.000016421529],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006284398,0.000051955078,0.00017090721,0.000099070305,0.00009319662,0.000010099929,0.00015103775,0.000047068905,0.000004446961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023883404,0.000039395192,0.000057267192,0.00047644004,0.00006484236,0.0001167317,0.00004950607,0.00005902009,1.0354994e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006539682,0.00010803397,0.54662764,0.00008632692,0.0000052885375,0.0000049052237,0.002488607,0.00029674068,0.000039032322,0.31193396,0.00021228167,0.13813177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007763623,0.00004723113,0.9249986,0.0005756837,0.00006259523,3.3130488e-7,0.0014210822,0.00009871041,0.002090042,0.058473747,0.011392971,0.0000626615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002796938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00087514386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3783709,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006243814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000080617974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16064893},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409365249","doi":"10.1609/aaai.v39i13.33486","title":"The Distortion of Public-Spirited Participatory Budgeting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard University","keywords":"Participatory budgeting; Distortion (music); Citizen journalism; Business; Computer science; Political science; World Wide Web; Telecommunications; Democracy","score_opus":0.13442371603834802,"score_gpt":0.36013967761772764,"score_spread":0.22571596157937962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409365249","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84002393,0.0001754538,0.006777611,0.02458818,0.0012182947,0.0008324566,0.0000068222516,0.00007941582,0.12629785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99865705,0.00023378863,0.000027497814,0.00012958692,0.000042295585,0.000020722644,3.194866e-7,0.000004111639,0.00088463986],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984489,0.000049469723,0.0004821474,0.00018477965,0.00054313126,0.0002915863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985927,0.00016258328,0.00040447718,0.00012770815,0.00066821015,0.000044346685],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013141959,0.000093993665,0.00013852479,0.00004601921,0.00065321365,0.00013113442,0.00066991395,0.00007486081,0.00004233276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024571398,0.00006268578,0.00008202806,0.00074309856,0.0008017033,0.00020683405,0.00009302126,0.0001278448,0.000009674429],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036030473,0.00007317058,0.006534901,0.000017616545,0.000009294446,2.4228493e-8,0.0018309099,0.0000070226847,0.0030350864,0.9276214,0.00039563765,0.060438853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006420997,0.00012728026,0.0076891924,0.0005412692,0.000057529393,1.03257086e-7,0.022512129,0.0035484747,0.6150495,0.32957545,0.02056196,0.00027295033],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023954156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030318502,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.61201435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000101972604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020215948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.50240576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409576396","doi":"10.61091/jcmcc127a-113","title":"Constructing the Optimal Restriction Mechanism of Constitutional Fundamental Rights on Executive Power Based on Numerical Optimization Methods","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanism (biology); Executive power; Power (physics); Computer science; Law and economics; Mathematical optimization; Political science; Mathematics; Economics; Law; Politics; Physics; Epistemology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.013838218630511068,"score_gpt":0.3086462682984125,"score_spread":0.2948080496679015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409576396","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.050411135,0.000041085692,0.91004616,0.00062435283,0.017408935,0.00047895522,0.000005432797,0.00002679667,0.020957172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819119,0.000014023843,0.017643025,0.0000608755,0.0003548378,0.0000015568252,0.0000014909839,0.000006055659,0.000006252014],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99764407,0.00041141058,0.0007439081,0.00015663423,0.0008330897,0.00021089424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99682534,0.0016000016,0.00095627847,0.00012063887,0.0004228192,0.00007491986],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019569295,0.00016325187,0.00039672217,0.00014949155,0.00072158565,0.00012842333,0.0002313142,0.00014540736,0.000013037444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008760566,0.00012403417,0.00013265053,0.00046758715,0.0003949313,0.00013913242,0.000054349493,0.000308382,3.875587e-7],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021392008,0.00036583864,0.00008490379,0.000015107703,0.000045247456,0.0000025790134,0.00065384473,0.0063023544,0.00002298214,0.99189985,0.00012684922,0.0002665116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005182892,0.0015719716,0.000045529578,0.0009066266,0.00017475772,0.000007765643,0.0047581596,0.13748915,0.0025933105,0.84533894,0.0016276522,0.00030323514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000027644332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.9112206e-7,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93150073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003175085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035285502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5549926},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413480630","doi":"10.11594/ijmaber.06.08.03","title":"How Digitalization Enhances Fiscal Sustainability in Local Governments: Findings from Systematic Literature Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Systematic review; Sustainability; Fiscal sustainability; Fiscal policy; Economics; Business; Political science; Macroeconomics; MEDLINE; Biology; Ecology","score_opus":0.016743626719229694,"score_gpt":0.3753839283119601,"score_spread":0.3586403015927304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413480630","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7224858,0.072217844,0.03848507,0.15113932,0.0035809116,0.0034866782,0.000049570237,0.00003263571,0.008522185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96295786,0.035406582,0.000097890836,0.00014172503,0.00018221537,0.00006339294,0.000036912224,0.0000052960845,0.0011081287],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975824,0.00022196116,0.0004944931,0.00021438669,0.0012827747,0.00020398221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973621,0.0003236807,0.00022564677,0.000111773414,0.0019072859,0.00006953023],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001604357,0.00010480787,0.00025546577,0.0002864243,0.00020485681,0.0004709514,0.00040338736,0.00009822016,0.000017743025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014485781,0.000087272034,0.000042513886,0.0010949232,0.00023357813,0.0008684641,0.00013034038,0.00022359041,0.0000012815979],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023872321,0.0071715335,0.2613764,0.08889277,0.000542151,0.0001328217,0.041218888,0.00046735216,0.0012666462,0.41005033,0.035156507,0.15133736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0032443334,0.00011507304,0.49427763,0.21304096,0.00014534876,0.000018380973,0.13352802,0.0006417322,0.00084908825,0.12875663,0.024615636,0.00076715817],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00013776259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000121777266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2812937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00110739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000830916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45413953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414553589","doi":"10.1111/puar.70045","title":"Brazil's Public Administration and the Challenge of New Democracies: Promoting Social Inclusion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration Review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Microsemi (Canada)","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Legislature; Devolution (biology); Decentralization; Accountability; Autonomy; Corporate governance; Democratization; Democracy","score_opus":0.03545199528530921,"score_gpt":0.3564058774194521,"score_spread":0.3209538821341429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414553589","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0026263741,0.021724753,0.005147391,0.92607766,0.00021221537,0.0017444543,0.0000074211866,0.000082708866,0.042377044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9590677,0.037290324,0.00008490129,0.002242032,0.00014739617,0.00004944153,0.00003397736,0.0000056084127,0.0010786322],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99784523,0.00041597662,0.000613519,0.0002525002,0.00062039297,0.00025235728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988856,0.00015986478,0.00046517042,0.0001676732,0.00022293467,0.000098769604],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002239912,0.00012937858,0.00030598906,0.000047393372,0.001295904,0.00020120987,0.00027837706,0.00011389707,0.00020305978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019779287,0.00009896345,0.00009346209,0.00074693613,0.00035203836,0.0006530949,0.0001601268,0.00011614911,0.000004022017],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017126249,0.00007805159,0.00048664087,0.00048377976,0.000014554331,4.1348963e-7,0.001563045,1.008186e-8,0.0000024103285,0.8853823,0.005038184,0.10693348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00078338746,0.00008365995,0.0008427633,0.00062835444,0.00007709655,0.0000011874198,0.00057680387,0.0000713186,0.000044854336,0.026124867,0.97060883,0.00015685699],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004588605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010241565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9655707,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008791384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015846047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99671775},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414554814","doi":"10.11594/ijmaber.06.09.24","title":"Examining Transparency and Efficiency in Local Government Unit Disbursement Using Publicly Available Data from Cebu Province, Philippines","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Disbursement; Unit (ring theory); Local government; Corporate governance; Regression analysis; Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.1415940884232969,"score_gpt":0.4177710379293152,"score_spread":0.2761769495060183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414554814","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789086,0.001021934,0.009499663,0.0034662597,0.0006819999,0.00032067686,0.00003288028,0.000005664097,0.0060623526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964894,0.0019078925,0.0005527249,0.0000377547,0.0002441204,0.000010849304,0.000035610195,0.0000059620247,0.0007157024],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99764,0.00010916736,0.00045610132,0.00031890476,0.0012432807,0.000232503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988324,0.0002167125,0.00017993712,0.00017318044,0.0005135028,0.00008423449],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017957538,0.00009742321,0.00015667641,0.00024458102,0.0003087928,0.00024462293,0.000590326,0.00006696032,0.00010868082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020749756,0.000088672045,0.000011725513,0.0006038156,0.00031009834,0.0006887019,0.00033590323,0.00019468606,0.000002039805],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009814963,0.003067115,0.7623285,0.00017079293,0.000123965,0.000028489883,0.0076336926,0.0016352856,0.0024372768,0.028214432,0.0038550321,0.18952395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029088138,0.00008264329,0.86167586,0.0014371681,0.000053790503,0.0000059281765,0.07368155,0.014952551,0.00033264342,0.007845053,0.03664066,0.00038337076],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002567871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017923041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18914057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039068545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014558319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.388187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414905416","doi":"10.54861/27131211_2025_9_178","title":"ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ПРАКТИКА БЮДЖЕТНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛИЗМА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕЁ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В РОССИИ","year":2025,"lang":"ru","type":"article","venue":"Прогрессивная экономика","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Russian federation; Best practice; Government (linguistics); Fiscal federalism","score_opus":0.009176191218790916,"score_gpt":0.30592075175860567,"score_spread":0.29674456053981474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414905416","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1290566,0.009642174,0.0133489845,0.029957788,0.01851136,0.0034596531,0.0003638147,0.0011616744,0.79449797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81839734,0.0063309413,0.00056694204,0.0058795894,0.0016943847,0.00011020862,0.0001103395,0.000108441054,0.1668018],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9914089,0.00067185814,0.0015815977,0.0017692392,0.0022379323,0.002330468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963175,0.000499001,0.0006845801,0.0014160891,0.00047792698,0.000604909],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015895935,0.0009984996,0.0011761001,0.00041626667,0.0018669781,0.00084779854,0.0017333577,0.0011860793,0.004036737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009806746,0.0010596849,0.00067914044,0.003319376,0.0010975885,0.0012332692,0.000587341,0.0009198107,0.00318758],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042758204,0.0019152329,0.06247646,0.0005462231,0.00056739815,0.00016385123,0.014308129,0.00046143532,0.00062431715,0.4029207,0.45335537,0.0622333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0025690652,0.00027535512,0.016712429,0.00084222393,0.00048747082,0.0000041655026,0.009877757,0.0015129693,0.0017958246,0.019039104,0.9453537,0.001529951],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038082257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013581516,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6893408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013896151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015004582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99943244},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415518798","doi":"10.4314/jpds.v19i3.1","title":"Federalism in Theory and Practice: A Comparative Analysis of Selected States (LONG ESSAY)","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Policy and Development Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Corporate governance; Work (physics); Power (physics); Resource (disambiguation); Comparative case; State (computer science)","score_opus":0.039415878564154384,"score_gpt":0.42412372424583733,"score_spread":0.3847078456816829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415518798","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95726156,0.030011727,0.0019621972,0.0068600387,0.00018819082,0.00024251087,0.0000072494554,0.000003834061,0.0034626976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9478845,0.05050551,0.00042112984,0.0005569295,0.000036136447,0.0000026120267,0.0000012703979,0.0000021017559,0.00058982166],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9973826,0.00075506343,0.0009791513,0.0001644475,0.0004573513,0.00026142615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99562585,0.0025593024,0.00096212915,0.000045551446,0.0007426821,0.000064458574],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025740254,0.00017285999,0.00086114794,0.0007366426,0.00041619258,0.000079491074,0.00009107202,0.00007923267,0.000008095794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0031679007,0.0001387814,0.00005403068,0.002798826,0.00045773655,0.00047728373,0.000107262,0.00014956773,2.0645857e-7],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013958572,0.00047149725,0.16181058,0.00020904708,0.011719803,0.00001981878,0.70680875,0.00039786473,0.000025040654,0.108984955,0.0009770219,0.007179794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0015596385,0.00016142604,0.72534764,0.00065465504,0.0014173475,0.0000030445756,0.25280818,0.00008250917,0.00035767525,0.007713195,0.009648568,0.00024610726],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031209344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015244945,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56353706,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041565442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012955732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5659341},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416372366","doi":"10.1086/mfj21010001","title":"Local Government Reserve Funds and Fund Balance: Some Applications of Business Concepts","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Municipal Finance Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Sovereign wealth fund; Local government; Government (linguistics); Fund of funds; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.024968591970404498,"score_gpt":0.31186352374423637,"score_spread":0.28689493177383185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416372366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96590865,0.0045714388,0.0063690497,0.0016032043,0.0002209116,0.00036213928,0.000050563478,0.000024466364,0.0208896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97383976,0.021132065,0.00021877956,0.00019662268,0.00025236447,0.000016987988,0.0000027629549,0.000009195613,0.004331484],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982268,0.00009889282,0.0003570675,0.00017211818,0.0007914515,0.0003536391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993314,0.00006006464,0.00021342357,0.0001852761,0.00010665461,0.00010317395],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005084887,0.00011096825,0.00020997057,0.00001993114,0.0005209014,0.000072991,0.00029250432,0.00010215414,0.00047050766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004254598,0.00010602673,0.00005014456,0.00040970373,0.0004981297,0.0005223441,0.00003969091,0.00018013745,0.000016111675],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006877189,0.0009293214,0.07715412,0.00013638366,0.0000965568,0.00005103754,0.022115257,0.011422334,0.00031697596,0.28628433,0.012468837,0.5883371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00116739,0.000113312526,0.059173513,0.00016288427,0.000030918654,0.000014494654,0.003269141,0.0013984401,0.00017868068,0.006328317,0.92789227,0.00027065977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00065563206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00040243156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9154234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022365802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000130589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5151729},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416553221","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.02171","title":"Optimal Transfer Mechanism for Municipal Soft-Budget Constraints in Newfoundland","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bailout; Ex-ante; Convexity; Stackelberg competition; Mechanism design; Strategic dominance; Class (philosophy); Schedule; Complete information; Distortion (music)","score_opus":0.04623243560814041,"score_gpt":0.3195251893514195,"score_spread":0.2732927537432791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416553221","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9280282,0.00009605407,0.05681087,0.0014242771,0.0013213914,0.0012381827,0.00019587514,0.00008269767,0.010802418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950485,0.00052956346,0.00044995928,0.00067454146,0.00021950447,0.00015500521,0.00008937455,0.000014053817,0.002819469],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99818075,0.00011251452,0.00037261442,0.0004800735,0.00035595696,0.0004981123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993493,0.00013982877,0.000072333416,0.00024721562,0.00010130968,0.00009002407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048246258,0.00022065702,0.00034394933,0.00007787344,0.00022040759,0.00008025364,0.0004218652,0.0004813605,0.00017227307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021818555,0.00023693273,0.00016010474,0.0001788284,0.00022687158,0.00013153187,0.00011735322,0.00031541495,0.000018227562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022351978,0.00036064998,0.4891113,0.0002987158,0.000120192875,0.000022944205,0.02541831,0.002326094,0.00013171871,0.4773065,0.0008078438,0.003872235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.023863282,0.0009428256,0.37608737,0.0052407547,0.001320225,0.0000049503014,0.032506306,0.024013458,0.004280943,0.2184045,0.30524254,0.008092856],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006246349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02111163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3044347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040886842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005535343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99675053},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416608059","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-99812-6_11","title":"Equalization of Financing Between Urban and Rural Local Governments: Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Local and urban governance","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Equalization (audio); Scale (ratio); Rural area; Service (business); Tax revenue; Transfer (computing); Transfer payment","score_opus":0.007793892263858082,"score_gpt":0.21418626954150013,"score_spread":0.20639237727764206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416608059","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.004928578,0.025469227,0.046537504,0.0018247785,0.001306017,0.0012431978,0.00257994,0.00009730244,0.9160135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6840834,0.0040149493,0.000025978763,0.0003840108,0.00022568031,0.0000049807672,0.00006250854,0.000023722465,0.31117475],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99775,0.00003556834,0.0004866788,0.00037495486,0.0010125556,0.00034028734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989532,0.00013847604,0.0005082853,0.00017948053,0.00008156792,0.00013897633],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016409035,0.00029694228,0.00050277263,0.000019655858,0.00024783454,0.000040305327,0.00019053066,0.00031513182,0.00007332305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000077032855,0.00030426087,0.0000606092,0.00008785657,0.00050711806,0.00020267657,0.000116311174,0.00020142688,0.0000013956609],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000441199,0.00001378642,0.019045059,0.00021515584,0.000058930953,0.000009593187,0.00061492884,0.000019224304,0.0000021643568,0.87768877,0.06313972,0.039148558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005338492,0.00007327128,0.010511748,0.0010353146,0.000116287956,4.1339428e-7,0.00037340735,0.0002363903,0.00006438619,0.0041874303,0.9823987,0.00046881728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2214094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.22534227,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91925895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008490203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007251812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99994093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416926355","doi":"10.36939/cjur/vol30no2/art282","title":"Fiscal impact of municipal annexations in Alberta, Canada: A prolific growth strategy","year":2022,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Canadian journal of urban research","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Annexation; Revenue; Population; Population growth; Population density; Public finance","score_opus":0.06027855456070572,"score_gpt":0.3459703227550882,"score_spread":0.28569176819438247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4416926355","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98700446,0.0015232884,0.0000027414874,0.0028538762,0.0003500928,0.00043738366,0.0002665444,6.459049e-7,0.0075609717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979031,0.00016488011,0.0000027654132,0.000032404376,0.00015937406,0.000010438963,0.000010127356,0.000016750138,0.0017001731],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9933594,0.0019712509,0.0008923281,0.00022735733,0.0022795214,0.0012701501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968625,0.0005177863,0.00042210513,0.00021372833,0.0007324822,0.0012514131],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004044307,0.00015742208,0.0004055474,0.00080834015,0.001064932,0.00012857259,0.0010375233,0.00010488841,0.0029183351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012932805,0.00016083855,0.00018675801,0.0031971084,0.0005524019,0.00036691595,0.00006463664,0.001312362,0.0000025773486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023739367,0.00020015232,0.8533643,0.000047783466,0.00010625599,0.00057167857,0.021926582,0.012386433,0.00002402839,0.019139806,0.09153805,0.0004575755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017429208,0.002635878,0.92157584,0.00023211382,0.000035779358,0.00004825963,0.03742032,0.0027387447,0.000029395542,0.0032355632,0.029895352,0.0004097973],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9986127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99938357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.069995575,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009298328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.07929391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979931},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417166719","doi":"10.32721/ctj.2025.73.4.pf.editors","title":"Policy Forum: Editors' Introduction—Tax Policy for New Governments","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Public policy; Key (lock)","score_opus":0.00879549045952801,"score_gpt":0.2477483897696184,"score_spread":0.2389528993100904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417166719","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.003294767,0.0012321195,0.007875374,0.91904813,0.043693453,0.0018652483,0.0026064755,0.000044632314,0.020339785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.10873232,0.0036851524,0.00059434836,0.011538606,0.20859906,0.000094600306,0.00014558749,0.00015340305,0.66645694],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9926997,0.0002476576,0.0013519324,0.0010346434,0.0006705043,0.003995573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917516,0.00018239931,0.0009112022,0.00076367444,0.00062242005,0.005768677],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010977697,0.00071017037,0.00085090945,0.0014336557,0.003341004,0.0009258089,0.0014406941,0.00085637346,0.0010323034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0050848215,0.0008525276,0.00056612963,0.0038721487,0.00043230524,0.0011386222,0.00010093786,0.00092061644,0.0000787261],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006022046,0.000053175118,0.002825649,0.00008339401,0.00020426084,0.000041648993,0.002655508,0.0002190046,0.00002055893,0.087609045,0.87369305,0.032534502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0016022074,0.00021606816,0.0016880872,0.0003144032,0.00019422747,0.000053812,0.004178993,0.00021587599,0.00007668902,0.03252544,0.95819527,0.0007389317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.84100515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.97945625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90750957,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.026684258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.026640298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998809},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417189603","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5696303","title":"Institutions Live because they Strain: The Ontology of Dualism in Fiscal Architecture","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Ontology; Core (optical fiber); Closure (psychology); Capital (architecture); Dualism; Architecture; Grammar","score_opus":0.021412263206045293,"score_gpt":0.30807582056283334,"score_spread":0.28666355735678806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417189603","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6671927,0.028333213,0.089927934,0.12344183,0.009191669,0.005419343,0.00093680114,0.00009862664,0.07545786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9498841,0.04643936,0.000028730927,0.0003252788,0.0004696731,0.000023948589,0.000021244641,0.000011050721,0.0027965736],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9931707,0.0012356583,0.0011236973,0.00051086885,0.0009819565,0.0029771386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979338,0.00041882065,0.0009478247,0.00041332154,0.00017833183,0.00010786889],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037321395,0.00040926147,0.0006527999,0.00021880298,0.00085093715,0.00011325588,0.0014080622,0.00069028063,0.00012866492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006316083,0.0003046108,0.0004251283,0.00057992747,0.00082644925,0.00019426926,0.00033418366,0.006810517,0.00000976332],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013838573,0.00030200713,0.0030361956,0.000035198344,0.00024239474,0.0000069518237,0.037050616,0.009047445,0.000012757236,0.93465334,0.00006870097,0.01540603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011591358,0.0003177197,0.007172342,0.00044146663,0.00023360118,0.00007576364,0.038578793,0.00017562366,0.000013856657,0.937842,0.013582019,0.00040764402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0106508685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.36471176,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3540609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003123299,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.019430198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999406},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W45645479","doi":"10.1177/152397210300300403","title":"Fiscal Federalism in Russia: A Canadian Perspective","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Finance and Management","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Economics; Political science; Politics; Market economy; Decentralization; Law","score_opus":0.014234724400310915,"score_gpt":0.2551644046160244,"score_spread":0.24092968021571348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W45645479","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.036925353,0.00059323234,0.00046820892,0.026142797,0.00023120089,0.0004786921,0.0000033019578,0.0000265559,0.93513066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903772,0.0037019802,0.00017844784,0.0011619673,0.000022097993,0.00004500245,0.0000018353652,0.000004338276,0.004507138],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990543,0.000055035023,0.00009675495,0.00020690112,0.00019111557,0.0003958619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997716,0.00000801967,0.000027131278,0.00008290301,0.000020649753,0.00008970916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030710138,0.00006960982,0.00007970097,0.000096142176,0.00029424048,0.0001331319,0.00008336727,0.000047724425,0.00007435643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004759037,0.000071499926,0.000017491,0.00036018767,0.00007175725,0.0002951225,0.000016166332,0.00005073063,0.00001643122],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013816057,0.000024823612,0.011183151,0.000003861079,0.000003905964,0.000016862148,0.0021637655,0.0000032588578,7.3873906e-8,0.9791609,0.004487077,0.002950942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030917142,0.000009712187,0.06815634,0.000012928105,0.000002987196,3.357644e-7,0.005781475,0.000020034035,0.0000014651904,0.020138908,0.90546054,0.00010610679],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1111382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.48988557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.959022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045662027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001074127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8947808},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W46284037","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Federalism and Political Decentralization: Lessons from Spain, Germany and Canada (Studies in Fiscal Federalism and State-Local Finance)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Decentralization; Federalism; State (computer science); Politics; Political science; Fiscal union; Economics; Economic policy; Fiscal policy; Market economy; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.017869587666922506,"score_gpt":0.2768005520304285,"score_spread":0.25893096436350604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W46284037","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862175,0.0011232505,0.0007994682,0.009465649,0.00014314608,0.00016773249,0.00007356761,0.000028605446,0.001981105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99016833,0.007949097,0.00014756383,0.0011105352,0.00008976456,0.0000036241397,0.000023585395,0.000011656662,0.0004958266],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982334,0.00028015126,0.000181617,0.000356167,0.0003760778,0.00057260826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991979,0.00035514781,0.000068898975,0.00009096453,0.000040646726,0.0002464586],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018647184,0.000176918,0.00028295646,0.000054818705,0.0007592913,0.00010622999,0.00009781852,0.00016621355,0.000026193073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001186497,0.00019388577,0.000024982959,0.00018239784,0.0010733964,0.00037356952,0.000093131064,0.00015653802,9.773391e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015250541,0.00010903287,0.49927536,0.000047940914,0.00007752814,0.001240891,0.042892117,0.00014268629,0.000030251816,0.4261609,0.0254634,0.0044073868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019606038,0.000042386688,0.90218145,0.0000914627,0.000035488996,0.000029229537,0.014611273,0.0014774192,0.000047940237,0.010944168,0.06809285,0.00048575914],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6052069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.73891133,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.41521674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051124836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036175092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7906432},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W5712926","doi":"","title":"The Two Logics of Perverse Fiscal Federalism in the Developing World","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Fiscal federalism; Decentralization; Cooperative federalism; Dual federalism; Economics; Politics; Incentive; Political science; Enforcement; Budget constraint; Economic policy; Development economics; Political economy; Market economy; Law","score_opus":0.016115274131421983,"score_gpt":0.2894232792629386,"score_spread":0.2733080051315166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W5712926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8248505,0.0021850828,0.050969917,0.0650482,0.0008301186,0.0004548397,9.4654223e-7,0.000028364293,0.05563202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99496967,0.003255063,0.000030460531,0.00044858028,0.00020206592,0.0000017802772,3.4227878e-7,0.0000033028564,0.0010887119],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99803376,0.00035839525,0.00019043966,0.00006801693,0.00043098844,0.0009183712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995732,0.00017268395,0.00012798421,0.000072293275,0.000035052515,0.000018800352],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0042441697,0.000054795066,0.00007380629,0.000023083636,0.0006949052,0.00009411542,0.00034154192,0.000027016387,0.000008134513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020812322,0.00003052759,0.000048789985,0.0002863157,0.0001065611,0.00012539119,0.000015626756,0.00048170696,0.0000044443973],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009620162,0.000011004077,0.009083673,6.429501e-7,0.0000054525717,3.2704622e-7,0.0016904857,0.00004194195,0.000004180546,0.97830063,0.00021186673,0.010640176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00058871973,0.00007112927,0.013680054,0.000026035372,0.000010631036,0.000009743074,0.017807774,0.00019949426,0.000026150403,0.80733377,0.16012827,0.000118261065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00060340256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08667946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.17096688,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051022327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006841269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.92998624},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W576241380","doi":"10.4324/9780203987254","title":"Fiscal Federalism and European Economic Integration","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Federalism; Economic integration; Economics; Economic policy; Political science; Economic system; International economics; Market economy; Decentralization; Politics","score_opus":0.014724264385148981,"score_gpt":0.256401167417521,"score_spread":0.24167690303237202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W576241380","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009805719,0.00010848074,0.0007512165,0.0013913162,0.00022796671,0.0001315222,0.0000080723075,0.000055079185,0.99722826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005445905,0.0016679628,0.000089678346,0.00062906515,0.001117681,0.0000013470951,0.000063183514,0.000014387175,0.9909708],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931675,0.000061150015,0.00014875071,0.00018400772,0.00015558394,0.00013372762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975383,0.000021754891,0.00008259844,0.00007049067,0.000010798976,0.000060548304],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020943706,0.00010131765,0.00010858642,0.000022215245,0.00020371797,0.00017227147,0.00008604718,0.0001226854,0.0009319455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000014032401,0.0000937611,0.000035490135,0.000010697672,0.000099527286,0.0001881187,0.000026374757,0.00008546334,0.00040299984],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026447235,0.0000047376507,0.000048025904,0.0000025703898,0.0000050638146,0.0000013942855,0.0010922395,0.0000027572173,8.129227e-7,0.5310273,0.41853854,0.049273923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008543518,0.0000102259355,0.0002749084,0.00002271035,0.0000088447505,2.8373762e-7,0.00011163163,0.00004697508,0.0000041942735,0.0036898532,0.995618,0.00012695078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00028575427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004743932,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5770795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041063727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012995416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998134},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W592856662","doi":"","title":"The Borders of Inequality: Where Wealth and Poverty Collide","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"University of Arizona Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inequality; Immigration; Poverty; Conversation; Political science; Development economics; Political economy; Geography; Sociology; Law; Economics","score_opus":0.02711172086068927,"score_gpt":0.24447540267921408,"score_spread":0.2173636818185248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W592856662","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00028856017,0.0006341929,0.00029833458,0.00012355695,0.00009648885,0.0003194077,0.00008148717,0.000017853841,0.9981401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0041816356,0.006546075,0.00008155374,0.00005931299,0.00003112275,1.8601956e-7,0.000008192977,0.000009661093,0.9890823],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899215,0.00011129553,0.00015255426,0.0001660102,0.0004054409,0.00017258213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990924,0.00012668053,0.00040659343,0.00018748808,0.00011933612,0.000067491375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028278053,0.000104584215,0.00022567854,0.000023338775,0.00036761683,0.000014020085,0.00032297848,0.0002110416,0.000028131322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000028155191,0.00009817751,0.00006780389,0.00001402119,0.00079367973,0.00007101099,0.000119823286,0.00011926755,9.342299e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019050307,0.000027705019,0.00046838573,0.00018189343,0.00010219996,0.0000046390223,0.015169214,0.0000014212867,0.0000045517663,0.8871857,0.086651765,0.010012008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025576114,0.00005826017,0.00014958098,0.00011230585,0.00006072456,9.764311e-8,0.0012411134,0.000004874269,0.000022275035,0.0056361556,0.9923533,0.000105525825],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016545499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012469131,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9057016,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000114129434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005967649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9900034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W59826234","doi":"","title":"Are Private Members' Bills A Useful Tool in Today's Legislatures?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian parliamentary review","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Cabinet (room); Opposition (politics); Government (linguistics); Private practice; Business; Public administration; Law and economics; Political science; Public relations; Law; Economics; Engineering; Politics; Medicine","score_opus":0.03155678495220153,"score_gpt":0.29295445640913725,"score_spread":0.2613976714569357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W59826234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4930141,0.38365328,0.000034875906,0.043154567,0.002853427,0.0049699442,0.00022140091,0.00014570022,0.07195269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7980048,0.13757776,0.00013942193,0.061299853,0.0005598011,0.0001178721,0.00006641483,0.000030354819,0.0022037437],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982959,0.00016988393,0.00028236952,0.00018706896,0.00033597604,0.0007287759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920106,0.00002810244,0.00015363086,0.00022333072,0.00002133776,0.00037256864],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066374487,0.00013362347,0.00025547115,0.00006737568,0.00016330174,0.00004195956,0.00021875456,0.00008354169,0.0024146829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017408762,0.00012707799,0.00007162089,0.0005463428,0.000072016745,0.0006109582,0.000017822096,0.00012235931,0.00020902371],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000026736147,0.00003920924,0.75762415,0.00023819212,0.000013080475,0.000020100415,0.0009171046,0.0000020856032,0.0000011410222,0.011152962,0.22241236,0.007576962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011292253,0.0000049818395,0.06178945,0.0011726666,0.000020428843,9.1213496e-7,0.000249876,9.995658e-7,0.0000046700666,0.00010183589,0.9363706,0.00017062176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.16442053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.655823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.71395826,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001035568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025403092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99849725},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W599059568","doi":"10.4337/9781849806923","title":"Economic Strategies for Mature Industrial Economies","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Economic geography; Business; Economy; Industrial organization","score_opus":0.029998545818465526,"score_gpt":0.2666241896174957,"score_spread":0.23662564379903014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W599059568","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00028899137,0.00007846606,0.00023835123,0.001357808,0.0070869024,0.0009567747,0.00032523734,0.00022553647,0.98944193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0021361937,0.0000540633,0.00028041436,0.0006015275,0.0123607805,0.00010541639,0.00043019638,0.00009068998,0.9839407],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.997896,0.00006355631,0.00046815863,0.000555061,0.00039642028,0.0006208127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99853873,0.00026105178,0.00053781236,0.00036017445,0.000114252034,0.00018800475],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010579493,0.00034438225,0.00046939636,0.00012935404,0.0006264546,0.0056398865,0.0008750334,0.0021146839,0.00038596115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034465457,0.0003677309,0.00025937724,0.000021778043,0.000315992,0.0020419303,0.000105412226,0.0010830342,0.00007799319],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023544713,0.0000042130164,0.00002054502,0.000017633001,0.000031485237,8.9001264e-7,0.0013197416,0.000007356886,0.0000010810566,0.44772366,0.5440855,0.0067643323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004260976,0.000029740757,0.000007857076,0.00006724856,0.00004187999,4.2803734e-7,0.0006525398,0.000008434093,0.000015142612,0.11526489,0.8831108,0.00037491554],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007948998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012560896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33902532,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010344904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0060795043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99987745},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W600746379","doi":"","title":"Politics, institutions, and fiscal policy : deficits and surpluses in federated states","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Popularity; German; Deficit spending; Government (linguistics); Political science; Fiscal policy; Economics; Economic policy; Political economy; Public policy; Fiscal federalism; Macroeconomics; Economic growth; Market economy; Geography; Decentralization","score_opus":0.0237046820764589,"score_gpt":0.30331319425092457,"score_spread":0.2796085121744657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W600746379","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.010407948,0.0014564531,0.0004204488,0.0036826618,0.00012425716,0.00045967504,0.000091467,0.00008298388,0.9832741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20786631,0.01465241,0.00007093999,0.0013357832,0.00030480805,0.000007912916,0.0001471676,0.000019593594,0.77559507],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899256,0.000039186325,0.00019675374,0.00021868285,0.00026337488,0.00028945252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969476,0.000054896005,0.000059958635,0.000050991745,0.000034038043,0.00010533267],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001176671,0.00013787021,0.00018677532,0.0001054864,0.00031748356,0.00016990275,0.000053793385,0.00023297199,0.000039080092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014501411,0.00013096057,0.000016837132,0.00012188358,0.00041881186,0.00018794749,0.00003999711,0.00010924506,0.0000065682293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000038112426,0.00002256051,0.0042326753,0.00002929395,0.0000056008716,0.0000066691687,0.001831091,0.000023871975,2.0596903e-7,0.98909795,0.004022424,0.0007238223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00068269676,0.000046139037,0.008741384,0.00026327284,0.00001778859,0.000002222808,0.0011049976,0.000032623688,0.000011146784,0.13470072,0.8539967,0.00040029848],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020613715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.028277026,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85439724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010553686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026708543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9894544},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W609170420","doi":"10.4337/9781849803236","title":"The Political Economy of Inter-Regional Fiscal Flows. Measurement, Determinants and Effects on Country Stability","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Decentralization; Redistribution (election); Federalism; Economics; Politics; Economic policy; Political science; Market economy","score_opus":0.03716365969310122,"score_gpt":0.2893344408579148,"score_spread":0.2521707811648136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W609170420","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8837455,0.0001820734,0.0010402072,0.005082575,0.00045766192,0.00043539322,0.000005423597,0.000026259155,0.109024934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998967,0.0000140395305,0.000012450632,0.000841426,0.00012034081,0.000006606181,4.6047154e-7,0.0000024328608,0.00003527918],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909055,0.00011088833,0.0001255963,0.000086737484,0.000288283,0.00029793032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994883,0.00024181846,0.00003822997,0.000084445375,0.000038703754,0.00010849195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006347061,0.000055404664,0.000080249694,0.000006673884,0.00018193136,0.000026106267,0.00007463522,0.00004488074,0.000027976093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001907298,0.000035711404,0.00002396772,0.00004003336,0.00020532735,0.00016279538,0.000021269603,0.000038638656,0.000005320989],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000330357,0.00008150203,0.34680378,0.00001822797,0.0000064151914,1.4133254e-7,0.0005190072,3.4915587e-8,0.000031891537,0.646648,0.0011923433,0.0046656406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013448199,0.0003605755,0.6080833,0.0001417162,0.00005591919,0.0000018054104,0.006224157,0.000425384,0.021797925,0.044958957,0.3161611,0.00044433348],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002520585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010434381,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60168904,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000148823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004539924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14562689},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W611736287","doi":"10.1596/978-0-8213-8840-2","title":"The Political Economy of Decentralization Reforms","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"World Bank eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Decentralization; Politics; Political science; Economic system; Political economy; Economics; Market economy","score_opus":0.020661892546666435,"score_gpt":0.2590698116217154,"score_spread":0.23840791907504894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W611736287","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000054087764,0.0001607415,0.000217822,0.0005436766,0.0003912402,0.00036140412,0.000010588542,0.000040166287,0.99826896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.014886285,0.000089951805,0.000026569305,0.00075689453,0.00041496236,0.000017097856,0.000028944929,0.000026599171,0.98375267],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984523,0.0000666795,0.00040534968,0.00020767472,0.0003708678,0.00049712235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906313,0.00010129362,0.00031712238,0.0002830559,0.000115040144,0.000120345605],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028971137,0.00016362792,0.0002218587,0.000059733964,0.00039396159,0.00006325853,0.0003781346,0.00018789625,0.00019588765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004311875,0.00011823751,0.00012917847,0.00005280274,0.000592548,0.00007532091,0.000051718478,0.00015336442,0.000048828908],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000013755027,0.0000085595475,0.000096175536,0.00001599138,0.000019028304,9.0656647e-7,0.00053739635,1.213714e-7,4.4204964e-7,0.97302645,0.022313135,0.003968037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007170954,0.000010583388,0.000036032052,0.00005036949,0.000022504617,1.15502274e-7,0.00008503166,0.0000019408421,0.000104447165,0.3558187,0.6436998,0.000098734556],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00024873804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004298352,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6213867,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000592345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007839367,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48215857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W622502283","doi":"","title":"The local alternative : decentralization and economic development","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Palgrave Macmillan eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Political science; Globalization; Corporate governance; Latin Americans; Fiscal federalism; Public administration; Economy; Economics; Finance","score_opus":0.020765737576245887,"score_gpt":0.24979793840641493,"score_spread":0.22903220083016904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W622502283","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00019188566,0.000835012,0.0051025436,0.00005334513,0.0007043219,0.00057843176,0.000016976202,0.00005963321,0.99245787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7128492,0.0065637296,0.00019830612,0.00032227294,0.0007207075,0.000071686016,0.00010478322,0.000080874706,0.2790884],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983832,0.000102341655,0.00034666227,0.000349172,0.00038486664,0.00043374376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99920046,0.0001086124,0.00028903625,0.0001921547,0.000060035338,0.00014966902],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037198098,0.0002492802,0.00021689001,0.000042202806,0.00080214604,0.00013404903,0.00030890974,0.00023357755,0.000091689304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000025430974,0.00020036768,0.000058965834,0.000015509,0.00061478786,0.000006735577,0.00009834338,0.00013651016,0.00012048357],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020515728,7.880323e-7,0.0005089018,0.000010909543,0.000054364846,0.00000385397,0.0065337936,0.0000032877215,2.6603297e-7,0.87795377,0.0007478698,0.11416166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021891935,0.000021938933,0.0007293986,0.00006678148,0.000030910578,6.62969e-7,0.00041559056,0.00006930731,0.00010918871,0.28847086,0.7095437,0.00032277266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00066692726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010214474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7133694,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008416489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008480373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.81707567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W628460216","doi":"","title":"Dialogues on local government and metropolitan regions in federal countries","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Government (linguistics); Political science; George (robot); Administration (probate law); State (computer science); Library science; Geography; Public administration; Economic history; History; Archaeology; Law; Art history","score_opus":0.023190037905386804,"score_gpt":0.27910061474453585,"score_spread":0.25591057683914903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W628460216","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015978339,0.00037814397,0.0022752553,0.0013425549,0.00024705072,0.00029365902,0.000047961257,0.000039085167,0.9952165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05720155,0.004624335,0.000042681542,0.0019259839,0.00034351708,0.000007862038,0.00003271531,0.000019803501,0.93580157],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998008,0.000054888023,0.00025046695,0.00029400375,0.0010126478,0.0003800034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945027,0.00018140802,0.00010804137,0.0001219616,0.000026857468,0.00011148674],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037418294,0.00018392791,0.0002546801,0.000049110826,0.0002564409,0.00010323613,0.00012097568,0.00032824854,0.00013591039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006726652,0.0001674992,0.000049668673,0.00008182792,0.00057810335,0.00012772501,0.000038730683,0.00017305811,0.000040467705],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031464006,0.000028603468,0.0027256967,0.000010552543,0.00000813285,0.000011774086,0.00064844394,0.0000015639941,5.9088826e-8,0.9076251,0.08783361,0.001075009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027513658,0.000095500065,0.0019718385,0.00011355894,0.000009645884,3.2341586e-7,0.002592069,0.0000049900545,0.000008173326,0.03824389,0.95643014,0.0002547154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0039527356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.054558378,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8693812,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0049979873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002659072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988217},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W636100286","doi":"10.4324/9780203865514","title":"Governance and Planning of Mega-City Regions","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mega-; Corporate governance; Megacity; Business; Environmental planning; Geography; Regional science; Economy; Economics; Finance","score_opus":0.025483589882165356,"score_gpt":0.2867698716163153,"score_spread":0.2612862817341499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W636100286","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00045674856,0.0004138336,0.0012075675,0.0003181143,0.00027475253,0.00012922463,0.000018999883,0.000025422694,0.9971553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.015023691,0.0016609174,0.00019001412,0.00013858563,0.00024418152,0.0000019663942,0.000008340355,0.000007761469,0.98272455],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99914795,0.000015510846,0.00014407409,0.00015754542,0.00039802378,0.00013691312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995043,0.000066589986,0.00021341362,0.000113700604,0.00005402311,0.000047962123],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015448217,0.000084965446,0.00016357198,0.000011842218,0.00013424079,0.00003255103,0.00012536507,0.0002813968,0.00018661932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013925611,0.0000790809,0.000037791946,0.00004680682,0.00025827994,0.0001770964,0.000034001187,0.00016179464,0.000003243339],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004086765,0.000008143241,0.0011130387,0.000014381668,0.000006160892,0.0000017068402,0.0010100922,5.9216836e-7,0.000005083979,0.8785687,0.11836204,0.00090594945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007959885,0.000010311538,0.0013393435,0.00009828881,0.000014524966,2.033779e-7,0.00011797779,0.0000039401543,0.000035542176,0.019696692,0.97849387,0.00010969621],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006234986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014438386,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.86013186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000787904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027518574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32248256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W645103174","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Federalism: Principles and Practice of Multiorder Governance","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":216,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Fiscal federalism; Revenue sharing; Decentralization; Corporate governance; Federalism; Revenue; Public finance; Business; Fiscal union; Central government; Language change; Economics; Economic policy; Finance; Local government; Public administration; Fiscal policy; Political science; Market economy; Macroeconomics","score_opus":0.027603299414552484,"score_gpt":0.3062855293704221,"score_spread":0.2786822299558696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W645103174","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000034530225,0.0007912631,0.0004966427,0.0026978117,0.0000917499,0.00025249715,0.000012214851,0.00003148729,0.9955918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001897486,0.008364439,0.0014366801,0.00097536616,0.00019946526,0.0000027163328,0.000014273945,0.000010918089,0.98709863],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99858063,0.000080505146,0.00025140285,0.00022581853,0.0006762203,0.0001854051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99905396,0.00027164427,0.00038437897,0.00012239884,0.00010556764,0.000062082945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033028956,0.0001305931,0.00021877566,0.0000127765325,0.00015774416,0.000062709216,0.00012814798,0.00026322922,0.00021519055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000722755,0.00012077683,0.000047610825,0.000054174518,0.00019959697,0.00033591173,0.0000360393,0.00011166498,0.000013822668],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033422013,0.00005649036,0.00013894057,0.00002754863,0.000016450553,0.000004547832,0.0014232945,0.000008896721,0.0000022249444,0.8686742,0.1205785,0.009035458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001792361,0.000034937424,0.0011558579,0.00007848184,0.000030094221,0.0000010244021,0.00020780563,0.000021353388,0.000009820774,0.002817081,0.99531394,0.00015033862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007211845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000993055,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8747355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000188351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027725246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4925136},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W656222946","doi":"10.1515/9780773576179","title":"Finance and Governance of Capital Cities in Federal Systems","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Capital (architecture); Business; Economics; Finance; Financial system; Geography; Archaeology","score_opus":0.010369904173725554,"score_gpt":0.2060109074063309,"score_spread":0.19564100323260536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W656222946","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00084354053,0.000042882883,0.000023529394,0.00006151398,0.00016374009,0.00045430008,0.00025465956,0.00004127896,0.9981145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06635347,0.0029257557,0.000025262318,0.000037834685,0.00006526577,0.0000011044631,0.000013773946,0.0000137945135,0.93056375],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99838126,0.0001231204,0.0002411252,0.00035825465,0.0005614356,0.00033480156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919975,0.00006750826,0.00038743427,0.00018707813,0.0000912974,0.000066908375],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014214737,0.00022515177,0.00042761615,0.00006404007,0.00030970172,0.000044613207,0.00029625162,0.00036497042,0.000004573035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020827412,0.00027147008,0.000078680816,0.00003477531,0.00034697392,0.00024229914,0.00010928636,0.00021940435,0.0000011720346],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054566874,0.000020106101,0.00016508163,0.00010503915,0.000016881084,0.000061593775,0.0011648843,0.00007637751,6.5417555e-7,0.9906052,0.0070936643,0.00063599634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005350229,0.000059504644,0.0007913616,0.0005035724,0.000023157134,3.9460446e-7,0.00058481994,0.000016387523,0.000025950958,0.0007128301,0.99643826,0.00030874982],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013926523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006350507,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9898923,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007582538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020896712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999738},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6911464589","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1184877","title":"An Introduction To Decentralization, Markets And Trade","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Trade barrier; Free trade; Terms of trade; Productivity; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.022087161030658563,"score_gpt":0.2775809249388652,"score_spread":0.25549376390820666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6911464589","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4539718,0.00014952973,0.18979193,0.104508355,0.0016450452,0.0030048937,0.00022213094,0.0035428873,0.24316342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99657524,0.0001625933,0.00035328112,0.0007683945,0.0011427437,3.62973e-8,0.00028756663,0.0002895675,0.00042056126],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985274,0.00032751705,0.00014409202,0.0003282537,0.00037188773,0.00030081597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992326,0.000008198048,0.000050040217,0.00021062834,0.00025700347,0.00024154792],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006953274,0.000076214325,0.00007127401,0.00009155656,0.002879009,0.0006542568,0.00034698242,0.000052497464,0.005760318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00060778885,0.000084918844,0.000013395072,0.000589251,0.0002412004,0.00048957847,0.00012695666,0.000060277645,0.00071182585],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001370641,0.00017196755,0.00015209726,0.000015771533,0.000014876229,0.000002025355,0.017070588,0.000024896237,0.0028000786,0.16662042,0.5996451,0.21334516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017146971,0.00016538818,0.005788651,0.0000058761048,0.0000058848127,0.0000053493877,0.00092477363,0.0001529322,0.00045592076,0.00034441816,0.99187213,0.00010721629],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038304715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007396557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54260343,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014902053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004718948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6926301084","doi":"10.25316/ir-14595","title":"The Nanaimo Free Press [Saturday, February 16, 1884]","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"VIUSpace (Vancouver Island University Library)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gloom; Free press; Free enterprise","score_opus":0.00811818528331747,"score_gpt":0.1954804741955357,"score_spread":0.1873622889122182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6926301084","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004410161,0.0010602258,0.00049502624,0.004772535,0.0015050521,0.00045642897,0.00024668232,0.0004449146,0.9910147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005167492,0.012782774,0.00012312316,0.00044484434,0.0007353084,0.0000010814474,0.00001557016,0.00014013289,0.9852404],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9980434,0.0002308374,0.00012208485,0.0004420061,0.0006786456,0.0004829858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891055,0.00010861134,0.00026080266,0.0004876449,0.000016295886,0.00021608587],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000057753143,0.00028432423,0.00028174403,0.00006946186,0.000748581,0.00019539437,0.0012368165,0.00041135738,0.0013791056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000054034288,0.00023891164,0.00016090849,0.00046996307,0.00034005212,0.0006148499,0.00040177265,0.0003078362,0.000078790436],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005930039,0.000026763606,0.00011604829,0.000022047514,0.00006554902,0.00004738721,0.00090252043,0.0000025758989,2.434657e-7,0.022271808,0.9758661,0.0006196771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005652276,0.000031010604,0.0000619563,0.00007772126,0.000057732203,9.5146795e-8,0.0019771424,0.000008467364,0.00001303214,0.0005155728,0.9963588,0.00033322212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014124189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7734849,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7593607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015439012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000330804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995338},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6927724443","doi":"10.34989/swp-2023-57","title":"Immigration and Provision of Public Goods: Evidence at the Local Level in the U.S.","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Econstor (Econstor)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Per capita; Population; Revenue; Per capita income; Public sector; Tax revenue","score_opus":0.06103245650277253,"score_gpt":0.3014696209495129,"score_spread":0.24043716444674038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6927724443","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874549,0.0009047367,0.0004956655,0.007225534,0.00030030805,0.00042422023,0.000013842499,0.000031707565,0.0031491192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972977,0.0014283606,0.000014042231,0.00026864148,0.00007130762,0.00003235585,0.000006187929,0.000005560641,0.00087585],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841374,0.00034258392,0.0002893433,0.00022314917,0.00045201747,0.00027916106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99893534,0.0005995161,0.00016513381,0.00020687004,0.000045190645,0.000047945203],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020878038,0.00009438617,0.00013273269,0.00006550177,0.00042169858,0.00007753167,0.00026660846,0.0000893777,0.00014988943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00053313095,0.00006163414,0.000048084326,0.0005808253,0.0007523802,0.00052621635,0.000071703216,0.00010098714,0.00007820383],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010895743,0.00002789219,0.95137125,0.000013212157,0.0000051357106,0.0000023267294,0.008229158,0.000015412063,0.00008745618,0.020197473,0.008801897,0.011237869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031268876,0.000069555426,0.9414808,0.0001022526,0.000013900611,0.0000039926576,0.016320942,0.00068453525,0.00025792143,0.0010195054,0.039565947,0.00016796589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013409001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.020874325,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030764053,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002267827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002537578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969922},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6949987376","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.3939216","title":"Poly-temporality Towards anecology of time-oriented live coding","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Context (archaeology); Coding (social sciences); Encoding (memory)","score_opus":0.04780227783091661,"score_gpt":0.2775636798305724,"score_spread":0.22976140199965578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6949987376","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19830842,0.00030392196,0.031329703,0.019905053,0.0003639358,0.0015186344,0.0005623128,0.0017429658,0.74596506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99807984,0.0001514915,0.00013655853,0.00040116112,0.00012290741,1.6906283e-8,0.00032299283,0.00020250675,0.000582537],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99848044,0.00038658615,0.00021274641,0.00023410695,0.00042949087,0.00025664194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991995,0.00002009182,0.00013608177,0.00013167248,0.00034809535,0.00016456142],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052203407,0.000071936636,0.00013281267,0.00004106074,0.0011155988,0.00012920427,0.0004466223,0.000064306405,0.016488455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012879915,0.00007934969,0.000040166287,0.0005264845,0.00024025259,0.00022296893,0.000338194,0.00010236868,0.002614906],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005177934,0.0006178996,0.0009185716,0.00021905085,0.0001285828,0.000037298516,0.08633604,0.000057029098,0.011999932,0.23177812,0.47871563,0.18867405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003246084,0.00020592654,0.0015131019,0.00001180376,0.000009775207,0.0000015682324,0.0017966946,0.00031603986,0.0010055344,0.00015096006,0.9945599,0.00010408013],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020980026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000018992168,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7997714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000131615,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000127663825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981617},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6957789926","doi":"10.60692/gw6d7-7sz33","title":"Évaluation de la teneur en gédunine dans différents organes d'Azadirachta indica A. Juss","year":2004,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Greater South Information System","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Azadirachta; Ascorbic acid; Medicinal plants; Pigment","score_opus":0.02450884466977534,"score_gpt":0.23820992120222173,"score_spread":0.21370107653244638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6957789926","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91789967,0.000031224667,0.05757162,0.00077122846,0.0014844659,0.00049580686,0.000107242384,0.0001737346,0.021465035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964596,0.000017227727,0.00043023494,0.0003020879,0.00038613746,0.00003589775,0.000057587866,0.000016413354,0.0022947884],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99691004,0.0005672245,0.00080428575,0.00019795034,0.0010348787,0.00048563367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99879694,0.00003104079,0.00059751107,0.00024824802,0.0001409159,0.0001853593],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014736062,0.00024411848,0.00028310114,0.00013879419,0.00045751917,0.0003503327,0.00029206573,0.00041324616,0.00010432253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017370381,0.00022961666,0.00009890627,0.00067238265,0.00020778552,0.0017484173,0.00006016597,0.00017004283,0.0012096659],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038378083,0.000022343555,0.30622593,0.00038128346,0.00004807126,0.000010500478,0.66116387,0.0064417184,0.0000064770497,0.021103604,0.00020811448,0.0043497235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0047613876,0.00016018277,0.80335844,0.0011903329,0.0002817842,0.00008775191,0.15752742,0.006936556,0.0018694876,0.00019325987,0.02278741,0.00084601645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045216872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009056877,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5036364,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010954725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034744767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999568},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6964228737","doi":"10.25384/sage.10055240.v1","title":"appendices – Supplemental material for The Size and Sources of Municipal Incumbency Advantage in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Government (linguistics); Human settlement","score_opus":0.013448746047791792,"score_gpt":0.26071678433332907,"score_spread":0.24726803828553728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6964228737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88760436,0.00012554249,1.8714285e-7,0.00017521155,0.000121919154,0.00056366867,0.10947947,0.00000441732,0.0019252015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99690664,0.00002133405,0.000006170884,0.000070770235,0.000035324512,0.000031073105,0.0028129006,0.0000029952762,0.000112785376],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99949545,0.000019403702,0.0000959318,0.000074353135,0.0001794566,0.00013543194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996541,0.0002017965,0.000063729,0.000051938656,0.000010327796,0.000018119023],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005246767,0.000039002014,0.00006560871,0.0000054210846,0.00006731508,0.000020105257,0.00012263081,0.000019640378,0.0708501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009357762,0.000029906882,0.000011408304,0.00005073962,0.00000824277,0.000104892686,0.000039883507,0.0000190545,0.000006421382],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031492396,0.000107936925,0.7690409,0.0008001141,0.000048947913,0.000010431665,0.032509413,0.00020567865,0.00048741474,0.0052411584,0.18160447,0.009628626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00091829017,0.000060428192,0.08983909,0.0003046763,0.000007831344,3.5701424e-7,0.039541617,0.00031227927,0.0016219328,0.00012585618,0.8670937,0.0001739494],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6012417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9308292,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.68548924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007679659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017504278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9299993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6986955390","doi":"","title":"Returns from sheriffs of counties in Upper Canada and districts in Lower Canada.","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"QSpace (Queen's University Library)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Diafiltration; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Demotion","score_opus":0.003044423398402942,"score_gpt":0.15533591828249688,"score_spread":0.15229149488409394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6986955390","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97295755,0.00001689275,0.00001762784,0.018450677,0.00012367808,0.00008018835,0.000056550194,0.000009927776,0.008286915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99054843,0.00026579996,0.000042627205,0.00021599067,0.000019929383,1.0859151e-7,0.000016915556,0.0000042205347,0.008885974],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991953,0.00009156066,0.00008157906,0.00015340652,0.00029068865,0.00018747627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996381,0.00008576995,0.00009618192,0.0000917822,0.0000130123435,0.00007518552],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000035068922,0.00007050685,0.00013241191,0.00003727366,0.0000648106,0.00001866989,0.00015276442,0.00006145905,0.0001348539],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000052384,0.00007969901,0.000011541417,0.00033624738,0.00008037513,0.00051223446,0.000052565094,0.000073328396,2.7767265e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031128475,0.000015651169,0.89524204,0.000006825791,0.000003338348,0.000026299138,0.00096326956,0.000021541031,8.640951e-7,0.0065208827,0.09710196,0.00006621527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002911968,0.000011067559,0.56534475,0.000034088305,0.000004214109,5.55318e-9,0.0042430526,0.000018240744,0.00009187957,0.00021169275,0.42963183,0.00011801284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9997338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996943,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.33252987,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034853752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012031192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.32500315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6987990903","doi":"","title":"Vergi ve kamu harcama politikalarının gelir dağılımına etkisi","year":2021,"lang":"tr","type":"dissertation","venue":"Marmara University Open Access System","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"State (computer science); Quarter (Canadian coin); Distribution (mathematics); Economic analysis","score_opus":0.04508090310439906,"score_gpt":0.35269031400140105,"score_spread":0.307609410897002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6987990903","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24741568,0.00058044237,0.00026400542,0.0008480802,0.005179681,0.0027803814,0.0006009681,0.00020696771,0.7421238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8355199,0.002049104,0.000064699205,0.00029268677,0.0004426793,0.000010730934,0.0021488091,0.0000682319,0.15940315],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9938217,0.0009731582,0.00075351406,0.0014945115,0.001815017,0.0011420967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964331,0.00016208256,0.0012379336,0.00074508414,0.000882096,0.00053974875],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089559116,0.00071743043,0.0011941469,0.00029614408,0.0024083473,0.004752541,0.006484493,0.00092845486,0.0020172799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010305075,0.0008859429,0.00042930892,0.0021252304,0.00020404039,0.0059319343,0.00226256,0.0005936852,0.0005843298],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023577716,0.0013007504,0.10989024,0.0057934006,0.0016033471,0.0026501813,0.04075604,0.0003362331,0.0001352035,0.6776922,0.15093221,0.00655245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003443761,0.000110412395,0.0822275,0.0034055,0.00087313715,0.000010926342,0.33979106,0.00087282795,0.00041765984,0.00009439241,0.5666795,0.002073314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.047137037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009823366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.67759776,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00348546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001697266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99935913},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6989691857","doi":"","title":"Canadian public budgeting in the age of crises shifting budgetary domains and temporal budgeting","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Context (archaeology); Public policy","score_opus":0.02439728745798749,"score_gpt":0.2625486951491417,"score_spread":0.2381514076911542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6989691857","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91275597,0.000111281995,0.0001411893,0.0121387895,0.000057794517,0.00027969814,0.0000017267049,0.00001820612,0.074495375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979083,0.00007340172,0.00038670667,0.0013220734,0.00006357721,0.000010671398,0.0000069900307,0.0000051210654,0.000223183],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99875224,0.00017322508,0.00022905818,0.00014187778,0.0003158056,0.00038778133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953604,0.00015870394,0.00007641687,0.000090869005,0.000045367367,0.000092591894],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009625187,0.000073442185,0.00010691966,0.00006918748,0.0003899008,0.00018162964,0.00019483088,0.000062724044,0.00017067944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036762372,0.000054339213,0.000024107814,0.0003693899,0.0001326199,0.00045377587,0.000027199012,0.000083517305,0.000008392782],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[8.933928e-7,0.000019643148,0.93854755,0.000011662222,0.0000034048867,0.000006831759,0.0110039525,0.000002733433,0.000065050546,0.04431599,0.0016336979,0.004388596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00043241624,0.00004168532,0.8396958,0.00006210983,0.00001095405,0.0000014201023,0.09282837,0.00043270347,0.00007785783,0.00622939,0.059859104,0.00032820646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.715607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.78266525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09885176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010722521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017675944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2998841},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6992275700","doi":"","title":"Landstar System Reports Record First Quarter Revenue of $1.048 Billion and Record First Quarter Diluted Earnings Per Share of $1.37","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Earnings; Revenue; Payment","score_opus":0.00964246282429647,"score_gpt":0.23148709552234376,"score_spread":0.22184463269804727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6992275700","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.033484433,0.0007240916,0.0012088468,0.0009710966,0.0029023818,0.00203706,0.00041149836,0.000354001,0.9579066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.28422433,0.0022990208,0.00068809174,0.000081328675,0.0011315477,0.000053484102,0.00016977664,0.00023016239,0.7111222],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9979915,0.00010327701,0.0005938456,0.00045193036,0.0005713762,0.00028807617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982685,0.000059544433,0.0010895429,0.00035644035,0.00013273439,0.000093248564],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039349333,0.0002302978,0.00052076456,0.00010895663,0.00015612507,0.00004115304,0.00015464093,0.00044037562,0.0044132504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010627734,0.00019172001,0.00010832829,0.00025781893,0.00018941658,0.00013616214,0.00003974597,0.000091385715,0.000063481304],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031138363,0.000043509215,0.10196793,0.0006081979,0.000042587097,0.000010337613,0.0029356796,2.518306e-7,0.000004858269,0.00030739268,0.8935325,0.000515574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022877667,0.00017933763,0.0045856168,0.002044159,0.000052105148,0.0000026279818,0.001836344,0.000024436718,0.000013829523,0.000031310887,0.9907458,0.00025565163],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018172942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.039132647,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2507399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000114662296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000071617076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99649686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6996741932","doi":"","title":"Sub-Central Tax Competition in Canada, the United States, Japan, and South Korea","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleofection; Gestational period; TSG101; Diafiltration; Dysgeusia; Liquation; Emperipolesis; Triacetin; Demotion","score_opus":0.00834735140814909,"score_gpt":0.1948857548542634,"score_spread":0.1865384034461143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6996741932","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995686,0.00016933252,0.000021458032,0.001003101,0.00013694608,0.00023102677,0.00013200763,0.0000072927874,0.0026128395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99324304,0.0012498688,0.000016493026,0.0001208635,0.000021119391,1.7424605e-7,0.0014294896,0.000005911087,0.0039130375],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988415,0.000111838024,0.00012723147,0.00020300056,0.00043539974,0.0002809835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945366,0.000048560873,0.00023115944,0.00010817008,0.00007737213,0.00008106862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012618238,0.00012522835,0.00020049732,0.000091471906,0.00040599136,0.000021603952,0.00017152434,0.00013720462,0.00011143103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000020776406,0.00013420422,0.000038399576,0.00036694252,0.00018464311,0.00012950864,0.00002055914,0.00013757238,0.0000027200047],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016921815,0.00041733767,0.31027037,0.000345033,0.0002482058,0.00030072583,0.5094541,0.0012737605,0.00029380803,0.04805734,0.06901204,0.05863515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009670373,0.000050252376,0.70129377,0.00023896452,0.000107457476,9.373262e-7,0.24426214,0.00052938116,0.0001249079,0.00035588964,0.051706273,0.00036299124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.93734306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9982545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3910234,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00087300496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009598489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5472689},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7004951027","doi":"","title":"Performance analysis of GDP from the northeastern states and their relationship to federal transfers and own revenue","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Variable (mathematics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Variables; Econometric model; Econometric analysis; Federal republic; Sign (mathematics)","score_opus":0.05133391345736631,"score_gpt":0.35964353245227243,"score_spread":0.3083096189949061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7004951027","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994241,0.00024840093,0.00037469144,0.0033195168,0.000056070265,0.0005732727,0.0004510142,0.000019946854,0.0007160969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99800056,0.0009978575,0.0002298887,0.000033748172,0.000029360246,0.000076133794,0.000036342528,0.000004664117,0.00059143174],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9982068,0.000050500432,0.00021002871,0.00036630622,0.00076915417,0.00039722442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986574,0.00057602493,0.000068307134,0.00012483903,0.00047892876,0.000094523864],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033882884,0.00008764084,0.00014458186,0.0006867842,0.0016067346,0.00011197061,0.00032343096,0.00010941277,0.0000079398915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015921879,0.0000625982,0.000025274236,0.0034961107,0.0019126963,0.0003721619,0.00008204425,0.00023412722,6.0208873e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044068052,0.000052374136,0.90158975,0.000013243246,0.000055103435,3.06779e-7,0.0057029785,0.00000568845,0.0037782916,0.041403063,0.0005356821,0.046819475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00066909293,0.0006999009,0.8996148,0.00007339409,0.000068188114,0.0000026430255,0.008187255,0.011942026,0.0030567478,0.06125775,0.014048617,0.00037958252],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014347932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049226163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04643989,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000058216327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039894017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99969304},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7009816729","doi":"","title":"Equalisation of territorial units and incomes: case study of Nordic, Central European and Southern countries","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Fiscal federalism; Distribution (mathematics); Autonomy; Service (business); Resource (disambiguation); Quality (philosophy); Regional policy; Federalism","score_opus":0.07290166953475084,"score_gpt":0.37997901815582685,"score_spread":0.307077348621076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7009816729","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963741,0.00024444185,0.0004623719,0.00020917664,0.00013770528,0.0007804171,0.00007683794,0.000032094038,0.001682879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992948,0.00029539253,0.000090813744,0.000005889592,0.000093783885,0.00002811398,0.000009704088,0.0000068134054,0.00017467527],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975198,0.00019623894,0.00031042975,0.00034965592,0.0012002386,0.00042366434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982807,0.00033769314,0.00017500242,0.00010147987,0.0010140318,0.000091101676],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0058632875,0.00009214942,0.00016414326,0.0006768492,0.000966377,0.00006998495,0.00022897891,0.00008772502,0.0000028101015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030768078,0.00008229726,0.000010802567,0.0016987199,0.0022261979,0.00037507218,0.0001492995,0.0001251556,3.2795074e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016070601,0.0005943659,0.5503912,0.00018213676,0.000053569325,0.000023696162,0.045555957,0.0000038634494,0.0027987203,0.33882713,0.00059800525,0.06081064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01921643,0.021206252,0.092401,0.0007208826,0.00021796078,0.00029332982,0.57484066,0.013470618,0.008612045,0.19547318,0.07099744,0.0025501698],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027064914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009261008,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5292847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000100654135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00050484244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8202519},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7009967282","doi":"","title":"Government of Canada greening operations and supporting Indigenous businesses through clean electricity infrastructure in Canada","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Indigenous; Electricity; Greening; Mains electricity","score_opus":0.007226569067478743,"score_gpt":0.23392167044898604,"score_spread":0.2266951013815073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7009967282","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1955508,0.00055952335,0.0018791517,0.0012395068,0.0013838661,0.0017883587,0.0005383569,0.0001903567,0.79687005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9117571,0.0016667262,0.00022757273,0.00037002814,0.00013008826,0.000009458315,0.000015365711,0.00014414363,0.085679494],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99831533,0.000032807522,0.00024436144,0.00017728053,0.0009126938,0.00031753434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99964786,0.000040326355,0.00016254437,0.00007862264,0.000025388972,0.000045276473],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009929216,0.0001176157,0.00020735084,0.00001894227,0.00013604638,0.00001997464,0.00011034677,0.0000887221,0.00042953162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016168255,0.000112688955,0.000009987109,0.00042171343,0.00003129493,0.000076316195,0.000031233467,0.00008949004,1.3761795e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000011321587,0.00002823072,0.56386507,0.00016796133,0.00006303553,0.00006919142,0.0069441027,0.0025658638,0.000010821645,0.009543212,0.39305946,0.023671724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007479232,0.00003854743,0.36301136,0.0005426365,0.000060901668,0.0000018356513,0.0373705,0.0005524669,0.0003574957,0.00038589205,0.59582025,0.0011101643],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999992,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7162063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0019291403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0072255065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984026},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7014290563","doi":"","title":"Partisan Priorities under Fiscal\\nConstraints in Canadian Provinces","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Work (physics); Public policy; Agency (philosophy)","score_opus":0.0264915795320587,"score_gpt":0.24104188470673962,"score_spread":0.21455030517468093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7014290563","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12790269,0.0000023343146,0.00025274715,0.0055299625,0.00013177571,0.0005474823,0.000036821923,0.00010403811,0.86549217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9853108,0.013738146,0.000074506155,0.00070777733,0.00008692128,0.0000012932551,0.0000074284544,0.000007771837,0.00006534707],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986945,0.00013664212,0.00011645213,0.000267563,0.00027755002,0.00050733425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995308,0.000036937272,0.00005440803,0.000085530795,0.000034222616,0.0002581152],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013249266,0.0001097969,0.0001351285,0.0012472637,0.00025946225,0.00007256953,0.00026794674,0.00010753632,0.00012006993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010590239,0.00012643293,0.000046503534,0.0040996014,0.00020382796,0.0005381875,0.00004035724,0.00011956695,0.00002931159],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017401688,0.00020827417,0.4060443,0.000098578785,0.00006817218,0.00070954225,0.18666056,0.00026152193,0.000008148241,0.34250146,0.0028710077,0.060394384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003631831,0.000040316856,0.003473221,0.000022308392,0.000010376799,2.6637687e-7,0.010763069,0.00013634028,0.000041182753,0.0000087786975,0.9849723,0.00016868513],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.94773567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9887816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98210126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008212094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0022829366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.51557857},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7017123301","doi":"","title":"Análise do desempenho do PIB dos estados nordestinos e sua relação com as transferências federais e receitas próprias","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Americanae (AECID Library)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Econometric model; Variable (mathematics); Variables; Product (mathematics); Tax revenue; Quarter (Canadian coin)","score_opus":0.010126162166497393,"score_gpt":0.2509322598236067,"score_spread":0.24080609765710928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7017123301","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8920301,0.0005292632,0.00174305,0.01153203,0.00058349705,0.0016012584,0.000036766967,0.00054252706,0.09140147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98692256,0.002082238,0.0010274404,0.003363103,0.00026011342,0.00014622387,0.000055487868,0.00007864672,0.0060642078],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99637794,0.0003882291,0.000563142,0.0006915834,0.0010455896,0.00093350833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982502,0.00032688607,0.00025184953,0.0005222561,0.00010283188,0.0005460084],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022100685,0.00037345785,0.00047817198,0.00012355598,0.00077612605,0.0004796285,0.00075621816,0.0002169588,0.015343251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036795423,0.0003607641,0.000191112,0.0014448792,0.0005732451,0.0030166912,0.00009932525,0.00029626777,0.0015293912],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013129051,0.00049090275,0.5084397,0.00003244688,0.00010330428,0.00008039773,0.01133832,0.00005739231,0.00036982607,0.038982205,0.2819952,0.15797903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0031453173,0.0012919096,0.46411952,0.00029818164,0.0001788061,0.00001123349,0.01795642,0.00043320202,0.0033488786,0.01678462,0.48971394,0.0027179657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07055446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004812394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20771873,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016487326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047252857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998844},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7017811412","doi":"","title":"Catalan Grievances: Do Fiscal Flows Matter?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad","keywords":"Catalan; Fiscal federalism; Sample (material); Current account; Balance (ability); Fiscal adjustment; Fiscal policy","score_opus":0.007368072849846473,"score_gpt":0.25879866603478874,"score_spread":0.25143059318494226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7017811412","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5417227,0.00012823632,0.003530686,0.0026055684,0.00023014193,0.00032751856,0.0002953067,0.00018603096,0.45097378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9786407,0.00033848122,0.000726404,0.00046733022,0.00014875461,0.00000465516,0.00013988969,0.000053008633,0.019480797],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99634385,0.0003448791,0.00022245066,0.0007096046,0.0010199836,0.0013592589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977294,0.00038984738,0.0002953058,0.00073444843,0.0001184146,0.0007325628],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065939286,0.0003991325,0.00038831576,0.00023934961,0.0037602535,0.0013585266,0.0019501229,0.0003364065,0.0021029776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023596444,0.0005064631,0.0003236749,0.00037480347,0.001112828,0.0039348844,0.00065060455,0.00045666032,0.0003361129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00071028265,0.0004648839,0.74602044,0.00009160165,0.0002702035,0.0031655356,0.04282992,0.0006911891,0.00038222186,0.14604379,0.047423292,0.011906638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002935646,0.00019475062,0.371359,0.000118985794,0.00020036631,0.00008320284,0.042895943,0.00082905556,0.000073113435,0.01972436,0.56023467,0.0013509269],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001899611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006003522,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.51281136,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0025297906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00063791196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7026500347","doi":"","title":"Alternative Revenue Generation in Ontario Municipalities: The Utilization of Municipal Accommodation Tax (MAT)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Accommodation; Revenue; Discretion; Tax revenue; Tourism; Local government; Revenue recognition","score_opus":0.2128158389807023,"score_gpt":0.3587941517758237,"score_spread":0.14597831279512138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7026500347","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99733573,0.00006603858,0.0007828472,0.00030587046,0.00025177543,0.0002523208,0.000027963273,0.000017552624,0.0009598883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844106,0.00030950748,0.00002185272,0.00017778744,0.000076641845,0.0000019655238,0.00010524983,0.000011009443,0.014885387],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9978558,0.0007774174,0.0002813719,0.00027877296,0.0005336462,0.00027302213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99902475,0.00009456287,0.00026103022,0.00033835805,0.00021747735,0.0000638093],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006128819,0.00013240821,0.00018943504,0.00012589869,0.00032852442,0.00013684445,0.00044430807,0.00014525077,0.000080645645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014954015,0.00013908383,0.00007138542,0.00062652066,0.00015745482,0.0014543323,0.00014762662,0.0002797204,0.000013916573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036511683,0.00010268915,0.9538532,0.0000112954485,0.000020811756,0.000031432475,0.033859324,0.0012431643,0.00025124528,0.010230498,0.0000031764957,0.00035664672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010390051,0.00005072946,0.95510703,0.00019151277,0.000057654503,0.0000023847383,0.012862231,0.000033251057,0.00469851,0.0009772533,0.02469404,0.0002863692],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022507258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.94230896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91980165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00079922116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049636594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.98400193},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7027577402","doi":"","title":"Dealazer - Another Life feat. The Fly Kingdom #SitarPianoTrance ⚠ 💎💎💎","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Kingdom; Nexus (standard); Quarter (Canadian coin); Track (disk drive); Period (music); Piano","score_opus":0.011466957063594735,"score_gpt":0.21971035440759573,"score_spread":0.208243397344001,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7027577402","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000014848944,0.0004837553,0.000005768719,0.0013491698,0.00052610633,0.0005216629,0.000068850466,0.00012369751,0.99690616],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002156712,0.0013555282,0.00014883398,0.0012887791,0.00045660458,0.000015231514,0.000034563418,0.000076263044,0.9944675],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981592,0.00011970922,0.0003577907,0.00018592575,0.0007994013,0.0003779493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984548,0.000086365435,0.0007810297,0.00047164186,0.00010745466,0.00009869046],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038604924,0.0002493852,0.0003051979,0.000027164504,0.00044292034,0.0001658215,0.00069270754,0.0004036195,0.2157678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033769355,0.00019944807,0.00015069405,0.000008521571,0.0004389492,6.863692e-7,0.000055607397,0.00019628371,0.0064228354],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032286862,0.000021792068,0.000022416094,0.000075583215,0.000037269427,0.0000039876054,0.00060119986,0.000049686187,6.354262e-8,0.0009892405,0.99622333,0.0019431438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000313934,0.000029952349,0.000052362113,0.00021733838,0.000040244013,0.0000019896454,0.0001383653,0.0000053945073,0.0000021060318,0.000025940226,0.9989279,0.00024449476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.036695387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.018589111,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20934497,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007870475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011448097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7028358480","doi":"","title":"Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Indiaâ","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Decentralization; Accountability; Fiscal federalism; Legislature; Revenue; Federalism; Context (archaeology); Public service","score_opus":0.01179552760019079,"score_gpt":0.2412872841603399,"score_spread":0.2294917565601491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7028358480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9368698,0.00022388635,0.0017328755,0.0016307491,0.00015598898,0.00032732842,0.00015228544,0.00018016569,0.05872693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975416,0.00021603743,0.0001798785,0.0009296587,0.00013118473,0.0000039182914,0.0001824058,0.000023327775,0.00079197634],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983092,0.00006985212,0.0003366555,0.00028244866,0.0004632132,0.0005386058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994215,0.00011263999,0.00008589583,0.00010558058,0.000015730851,0.00025866422],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041586146,0.0001446657,0.00014470099,0.000115487936,0.00023802798,0.000996248,0.00017604016,0.0001816636,0.00022371492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031336988,0.00014650154,0.000042335792,0.0006033556,0.0001439596,0.0036033734,0.00007262584,0.00017644571,0.00017197903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054334727,0.000086339605,0.93734634,0.000009923777,0.0000037490581,0.00002610358,0.0004894307,0.0000030611027,0.000011893857,0.04885546,0.0010681703,0.012045207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008015411,0.00003599958,0.36643618,0.00007354477,0.0000057326906,0.0000024014728,0.0006244102,0.00003849469,0.0006282651,0.0249527,0.60601383,0.00038686913],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000052838175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000198616,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60494566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009161023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007116724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9606842},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7029010593","doi":"","title":"High temperature integrated ultrasonic transducers for engine condition monitoring","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Transducer; Sump (aquarium); Piezoelectricity; Gasket; Fabrication; Condition monitoring; Lubricant; Ceramic","score_opus":0.010570822216948373,"score_gpt":0.2756101103010165,"score_spread":0.2650392880840681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7029010593","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98753315,0.000048190752,0.0030389018,0.003926486,0.0006921228,0.00041093028,0.000034855715,0.00013815466,0.0041771852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974475,0.0002061445,0.0010910756,0.00015770043,0.00033203381,0.0000127249,0.000044995733,0.000004771676,0.0007030844],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993392,0.000025084179,0.00009758798,0.00012367015,0.00020745154,0.0002070015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997701,0.000034233544,0.00003122636,0.000054891196,0.00005845901,0.000051074352],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001316436,0.000066753644,0.00008272615,0.000019783956,0.00020969332,0.000052589643,0.000077891855,0.00009086617,0.00015170897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000072644056,0.000061985156,0.000041011586,0.00019136924,0.000029365914,0.00019693312,8.7959023e-7,0.00006631519,0.000005839178],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019457411,0.00025153853,0.0026115,0.000026435479,0.00003686434,0.000005425347,0.009697697,0.0005430581,0.4781173,0.3702757,0.022857487,0.115382425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0038614958,0.0008511359,0.034307748,0.00030661386,0.0001154882,0.0000015106727,0.008211131,0.00030313162,0.6715058,0.08650556,0.1930636,0.0009667487],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003888295,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000020264011,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.28377014,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014495596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006069776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25276813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7030506587","doi":"","title":"Multiregulation in Developing Countries","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Toulouse Capitole Publications (University Toulouse 1 Capitole)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Strong","keywords":"Regulator; Scope (computer science); State (computer science); Developing country; Regulatory reform; Regulatory authority; Government regulation","score_opus":0.01484229656443898,"score_gpt":0.24747160049967687,"score_spread":0.2326293039352379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7030506587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92642576,0.00020025454,0.0024212967,0.021370383,0.0002614934,0.0008064473,0.00004770272,0.00061628286,0.047850363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9465954,0.0057121194,0.0018096346,0.0010690613,0.0002724213,0.000019073674,0.00015966082,0.00004267327,0.044319965],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99751395,0.00024483164,0.00033150663,0.00053888175,0.0007033963,0.0006674236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99875253,0.00011993427,0.00016091179,0.00047575656,0.00027239142,0.00021845195],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004471859,0.00022446638,0.00026185898,0.00042575493,0.0011225609,0.00022363226,0.00061059004,0.00027831786,0.002058513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010021372,0.00029239457,0.00009543328,0.001794155,0.00034386365,0.0019340244,0.00006154436,0.00018330412,0.00061406236],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113729366,0.00037501054,0.038254555,0.000035838457,0.000042419015,0.000027817634,0.0403148,0.001180253,0.000028508393,0.8685178,0.025010034,0.026099207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00087625126,0.000016957421,0.062543675,0.000040172523,0.000023717834,0.0000021332717,0.005258018,0.00093310385,0.00006613433,0.0009700453,0.92883456,0.00043522683],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00594916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012093268,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9038245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012996506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00066356634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999528},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7034136797","doi":"","title":"Starter Kit: for the National Standard of Canada for Mental Health and Well-Being for Post-Secondary Students in the COVID-19 Context and Beyond","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Mental health; National standard; Health care; Standard of care","score_opus":0.012107382293505123,"score_gpt":0.2791408923541058,"score_spread":0.26703351006060067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7034136797","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007957634,0.025941737,0.010321372,0.7629655,0.0005939856,0.017303329,0.024851428,0.000085411506,0.14997964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.592398,0.011751802,0.0018616691,0.25999805,0.0012779002,0.0016744839,0.0007317893,0.000429466,0.12987685],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9975525,0.00014609101,0.00037894768,0.0003339505,0.0013229339,0.00026554143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925656,0.006708004,0.00044432678,0.00008373116,0.00004869193,0.00014966754],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00082708005,0.00020615995,0.00030036783,0.00015252932,0.00052381493,0.00017411528,0.00042069747,0.000055189597,0.0002923375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021252616,0.00015500686,0.00008662164,0.00019327352,0.00029404752,0.0001443665,0.00008498945,0.00010631946,3.2971e-7],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00053091533,0.00006068031,0.008295709,0.00031637846,0.00011652561,3.489944e-7,0.028685682,0.000005149057,0.0000038399294,0.07702647,0.88457185,0.0003864587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019528107,0.00023654646,0.003655315,0.000055759276,0.000021907563,0.0000010759886,0.00813299,0.000104380306,0.0000038023868,0.0012142975,0.9844528,0.00016835336],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.60040575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9982483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58444035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002529423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.052127182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.95324636},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7039927699","doi":"","title":"Municipal Property Taxation in Law and Practice: A descriptive comparative study between Alberta and Ontario","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Property tax; Equity (law); Legislation; Revenue; Property (philosophy); Autonomy; Local property; Property law","score_opus":0.19433617905565836,"score_gpt":0.3730032600635381,"score_spread":0.17866708100787976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7039927699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99415904,0.00004691767,0.000056120218,0.0003719942,0.000057048073,0.00049386796,0.0000048985185,0.000019583142,0.0047905543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99261695,0.00006055105,0.000028056962,0.00020142723,0.000028349052,0.0000017575397,0.000011417527,0.000007668968,0.007043837],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99778926,0.00095035625,0.00017884797,0.00042032142,0.00038095962,0.00028028054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990602,0.00027680403,0.00020424004,0.00016149192,0.00015211146,0.00014514898],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005062384,0.00015236049,0.00025178434,0.00008257474,0.00041014003,0.00031329502,0.00016359008,0.00011902384,0.000015280411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020922783,0.00014875825,0.000023865261,0.0003886552,0.00026179288,0.0027540084,0.00020035791,0.00029400605,0.000010681469],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000102857055,0.00018494493,0.8767756,0.0000054307034,0.000033772063,0.000095994925,0.12127491,0.0000034615523,0.000016897602,0.0014180255,2.3854457e-7,0.000087845234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0012196454,0.00014055143,0.92797565,0.00006822172,0.000082223385,0.0000035690334,0.059736487,2.7514662e-7,0.00007654645,0.00010720129,0.010390827,0.00019880637],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.031981826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9515909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.91960907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005799319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020897575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9744643},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7065800578","doi":"","title":"Financiación autonómica y administración tributaria: una propuesta de modelo integrado de gestión","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Work (physics); Context (archaeology); Presentation (obstetrics); Order (exchange); Ideal (ethics)","score_opus":0.010906422160248626,"score_gpt":0.27992897396715793,"score_spread":0.2690225518069093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7065800578","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84349245,0.00012939,0.09854677,0.009486225,0.00029874,0.0004641414,0.00010254156,0.00034608383,0.047133677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913674,0.0006517395,0.0015789281,0.0003151806,0.00019753844,0.000012240928,0.000012918805,0.000023023556,0.0058410554],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99778193,0.00038882787,0.00018740466,0.00035806838,0.00045669786,0.0008270937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886876,0.00031817454,0.00015463156,0.00025504103,0.000086377135,0.0003169948],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008638039,0.000195406,0.00022889719,0.000097260956,0.00045331687,0.0001163621,0.00047058536,0.00039461214,0.00028708382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00065645954,0.00017591187,0.00012396483,0.00046009303,0.0004533393,0.00056083436,0.000068585636,0.00020204493,0.000084745596],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024951634,0.0002936327,0.04601246,0.000026958784,0.00004437438,0.0002964116,0.011453049,0.00013169674,0.0019209427,0.87092423,0.01929698,0.049349762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0034657654,0.0003648334,0.1406964,0.00046032536,0.00017718675,0.000031679963,0.004433272,0.0025992203,0.0028077455,0.11664793,0.72710854,0.001207085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024618518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009117937,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7542763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015459848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017468003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7173478},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7066698872","doi":"","title":"Insight: CSUS President Alexander Gonzalez / So You Want to Start a Winery? / Running Hall of Fame / Richard Turner Photography","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"State (computer science); Governor; Photography; Servant; Miller; Wonder; Wife; Studio","score_opus":0.00765197645410166,"score_gpt":0.20213279165599823,"score_spread":0.19448081520189658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7066698872","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00055535825,0.0005475159,0.000015149695,0.00031630826,0.00038613964,0.0010423845,0.000088040826,0.000120720615,0.9969284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007308595,0.0010960809,0.0005462932,0.0005346785,0.00021307009,0.000038114074,0.00007843161,0.000083119805,0.99010164],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99720025,0.000096883254,0.0008038849,0.0002773924,0.0011528733,0.00046873532],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982959,0.00006304012,0.00081904116,0.000345573,0.00026160092,0.00021485596],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030047112,0.00034728897,0.000527353,0.00015292795,0.00014644786,0.00012348458,0.00041981033,0.00042922312,0.19227724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013483323,0.00032389144,0.00022022646,0.00004455245,0.00025969426,0.0000016154225,0.00010409363,0.0001889301,0.0026755878],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000070222246,0.00006794324,0.000083781626,0.0002229864,0.00007497081,0.000005233167,0.0041334084,0.00044665328,0.0000025990835,0.00026331618,0.993945,0.00068386603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00045368986,0.00013956445,0.00008670759,0.0003785252,0.00005771222,0.0000023169343,0.00090598216,0.000019806335,0.00004264893,0.000015741165,0.99753046,0.00036686307],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04917805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006851613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18960166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010198491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010058331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999213},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7067713741","doi":"","title":"Multi-level governance and economic voting","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Decentralization; Corporate governance; Voting; Politics; Democracy; Government (linguistics); Process (computing)","score_opus":0.027606363664572066,"score_gpt":0.2767842577563724,"score_spread":0.24917789409180033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7067713741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83554727,0.0010098584,0.0000011634686,0.00007327503,0.0018240887,0.0006782155,0.0011850497,0.00020266655,0.15947844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9574973,0.004128712,0.001012602,0.00026525624,0.00020296697,0.000046847123,0.00024309313,0.000095833355,0.03650737],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9968231,0.00020495431,0.0006381941,0.0008765955,0.00072105066,0.0007361127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99846095,0.00013508939,0.0007183139,0.00027965495,0.00012343471,0.0002825491],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076542824,0.00046731482,0.00048380895,0.00007611327,0.0017867268,0.00018210837,0.00047337668,0.00070267,0.0003911033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006026678,0.0005458516,0.0001710752,0.00021240064,0.00010713052,0.0012192074,0.00007406511,0.0006225927,0.00036942403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000836495,0.00013104088,0.0007479217,0.000112244605,0.000075432836,0.000015659385,0.00011237897,0.000062888,0.0011312028,0.6050598,0.000042759617,0.39242503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002353416,0.00009891178,0.077006355,0.0008455375,0.00024197352,0.000005914992,0.002163833,0.0003679833,0.007954108,0.005483703,0.901023,0.0024552671],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025021974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0780528,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90098023,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017634389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013670842,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996993},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7071053584","doi":"","title":"The proceedings of the 2000 Summer Computer Simulation Conference Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 16 - 20, 2000, the Coast Plaza Suite Hotel","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Suite; Computer Applications","score_opus":0.009911762560306672,"score_gpt":0.21722045875485005,"score_spread":0.20730869619454337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7071053584","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82926106,0.00023095857,0.0005310107,0.0026336797,0.0015293995,0.0016415257,0.0001781423,0.00007039081,0.16392384],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8803424,0.00022413119,0.000011024119,0.0011765505,0.00013850724,0.000007712694,0.0000028356837,0.0000072074386,0.118089594],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.998208,0.000052668653,0.00027633779,0.00019284656,0.0009172905,0.00035289352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99925655,0.00015496703,0.00015295019,0.00012612,0.0002492802,0.000060141803],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035563018,0.00008589561,0.00012502159,0.000003869041,0.0012053619,0.00047345718,0.0004689804,0.00007328998,0.0013213112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004849464,0.00006402436,0.000052905023,0.00032584573,0.00034905635,0.0002749663,0.000038752176,0.00011592144,0.000007592751],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014092701,0.000039371767,0.05959038,0.0000058420906,0.000015098308,5.341216e-7,0.0018347808,0.0011482094,0.0000034565705,0.0006400946,0.9079465,0.028761618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00027521543,0.000019601039,0.08788738,0.000042413827,0.000016687318,4.766142e-7,0.0011941429,0.0036784972,0.00002221985,0.000472545,0.90625095,0.00013985674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9408095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.99861395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.057804488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035979412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00088215125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995916},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7071310983","doi":"","title":"Rethinking the Division of Tax Room in Fiscal Federalism","year":2021,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Tax reform; Tax competition; Normative; Indirect tax; Direct tax; Tax avoidance; Double taxation; Tax credit; Ad valorem tax","score_opus":0.02639777655576408,"score_gpt":0.3510276013458909,"score_spread":0.3246298247901268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7071310983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9609497,0.0023621502,0.0008040796,0.0044997474,0.0018239961,0.0006373298,0.0000074283284,0.000017587869,0.028897975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9647911,0.0035486578,0.00007027917,0.00020098536,0.00015570677,0.0000150476435,0.00016069932,0.000022127526,0.031035373],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99642265,0.0005449914,0.0006091629,0.0004737336,0.0014948369,0.00045461356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99847865,0.00028948125,0.0006868599,0.00032215143,0.00015684163,0.00006598916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009828375,0.00027140926,0.00045832875,0.000059356385,0.000598937,0.00019617924,0.0004524962,0.00053225533,0.0005140212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000537116,0.00022187135,0.00019855863,0.0010126397,0.00013472923,0.00021323946,0.00008420484,0.0004904765,0.000013226533],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012623382,0.0003124307,0.024286846,0.00029000893,0.000047456113,0.000027354718,0.9237757,0.0006257038,0.0011589441,0.037416253,0.0023701189,0.009562991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0018213403,0.00025658586,0.28387615,0.006127177,0.00021116868,0.0000013317066,0.631183,0.0034981915,0.011333966,0.020056125,0.040202133,0.0014328192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015304526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.029089836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29259264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021136692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033938687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99125266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7071519207","doi":"","title":"Tax assignment in federal countries","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Government (linguistics); Corporation; Public finance; Tax revenue; Revenue sharing; Sales tax","score_opus":0.1950600371766021,"score_gpt":0.4245241559952721,"score_spread":0.22946411881867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7071519207","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00010840872,0.000016293565,0.000015135705,0.0075656082,0.00014602458,0.0010047762,0.00022626223,0.000013809692,0.9909037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009777657,0.0009937682,0.000034471745,0.00009398473,0.00023839588,0.000004687848,0.0001981839,0.000013859498,0.988645],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.995404,0.0004080903,0.00019589304,0.000488759,0.0028715837,0.00063166994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99841774,0.00023008735,0.00019728966,0.00024013194,0.0007130525,0.00020173326],"candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023368534,0.00016980624,0.0002589251,0.0003835405,0.0016935361,0.0010798586,0.0020508145,0.00041285058,0.0017143576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034154305,0.00020352457,0.000072383904,0.000315917,0.0008523169,0.0014005351,0.0004926168,0.0006026495,0.0004073445],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005830898,0.000043861823,0.0011918807,0.000012156076,0.000019079,0.00013354032,0.0003467481,0.0000118811,6.0744316e-7,0.47638765,0.52159154,0.00020273049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00059032015,0.000043623004,0.0011266237,0.00019040909,0.0000042135553,3.1255135e-7,0.00064335216,0.0000022618606,0.0000101589685,0.025577055,0.97158986,0.00022182202],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009687234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01750887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.45081058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005373044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0060799266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99995714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7083167316","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.17189816","title":"CrisPy source code (Nonparametric, V2)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Code (set theory); Source code; Datasheet; Context (archaeology); Parametric statistics","score_opus":0.029727060390883558,"score_gpt":0.2855741781957752,"score_spread":0.2558471178048916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7083167316","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000010987755,0.00035185076,0.022964599,0.00076379493,0.00026963925,0.0005122714,0.0003033127,0.0014170719,0.9734065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0029533107,0.0024478459,0.00019020519,0.00042169273,0.0004942147,5.463466e-8,0.0010568327,0.0033970813,0.98903877],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767417,0.00042337689,0.00021662268,0.00046235067,0.0007637289,0.00045976526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989481,0.000032029355,0.00019176131,0.0004003798,0.00026327843,0.00016443235],"candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005740082,0.00017664298,0.00020831583,0.00035931953,0.0019513627,0.0007871338,0.0011135115,0.0002508044,0.06953708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013112326,0.0001976262,0.000073235235,0.001086002,0.00026281783,0.0001223521,0.0005483023,0.0002536565,0.011220408],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000117788795,0.00006881742,0.0000034365844,0.00004005186,0.000028860108,0.0000037419713,0.0006365446,0.00000806645,0.0000066355447,0.026328482,0.9081758,0.06468776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002486828,0.000041019797,0.00003096784,0.00008961008,0.0000231336,0.0000014502898,0.00043864484,0.000031926942,0.000015786547,0.0002132231,0.9986606,0.00020493333],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00075900526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000019109873,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0904848,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033730207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000022668097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7095450563","doi":"","title":"1","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Presentation (obstetrics); Session (web analytics); Product (mathematics); Government (linguistics)","score_opus":0.009849323168286201,"score_gpt":0.2823078270393256,"score_spread":0.2724585038710394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7095450563","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.055645425,0.000008198177,0.00024978296,0.00090874877,0.000023984876,0.000019962714,1.023995e-7,0.000033223045,0.9431106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84141976,0.00019581788,0.00007240795,0.00062242115,0.000046175657,6.1652383e-7,2.8787542e-7,6.6025007e-7,0.15764184],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978936,0.000008196034,0.000020369544,0.000027204656,0.00009529925,0.000059547827],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999521,0.0000037582174,0.0000024138928,0.000020955562,0.000003545534,0.000017223416],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004083105,0.000009283576,0.000011476214,0.0000018248093,0.00007576331,0.000011559362,0.000026398397,0.000010887986,0.031225858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005498534,0.000008013398,0.0000063660714,0.00005257848,0.000019122936,0.00006598673,7.684059e-7,0.000005879062,0.0008377689],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002668001,0.000016956186,0.006890583,2.431927e-7,7.3247617e-7,5.788658e-7,0.0016366749,0.00000890355,0.000004772056,0.6855311,0.039607987,0.26629886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025311472,0.0000019293784,0.0027112293,4.0793017e-7,3.3056696e-7,1.4109343e-8,0.00012998762,0.000010086004,0.000030932573,0.0017923467,0.99528193,0.000015469508],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00053615886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00024085837,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.955674,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012403025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010679836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096082113","doi":"","title":"Political Institutions, Federalism and Urban Development: Evidence from the US and Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Localism; State (computer science); Politics; Dual federalism; Capital (architecture); Population; Political capital","score_opus":0.0253812293847002,"score_gpt":0.2728972626721722,"score_spread":0.247516033287472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096082113","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776685,0.00012695437,0.0002316981,0.010873334,0.00020184628,0.000078330646,0.0000035328085,0.00001204732,0.010803704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99667597,0.000068847745,0.00026539,0.0023875337,0.00009560165,0.000002638441,0.0000018244297,0.0000012845612,0.0005009373],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942327,0.000024386942,0.00007069912,0.000098321245,0.00022432167,0.00015902655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969447,0.00012271313,0.000014700087,0.000051674357,0.000020379257,0.00009609467],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011499027,0.000039588664,0.000039090373,0.0000030345714,0.00064430624,0.00011030494,0.00006875573,0.00003481463,0.00006819392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024614553,0.00002666322,0.0000038099752,0.000037437727,0.00018790073,0.00016985013,0.000028370458,0.00005976246,0.000001732231],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000013207376,0.0000030393292,0.3922944,6.9356435e-7,0.0000019840488,9.38389e-7,0.0009128661,7.711875e-8,0.000024085672,0.6014893,0.004710807,0.0005604514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007270134,0.0000021014546,0.48668534,0.000012601231,0.000003985667,4.644635e-7,0.0008105641,0.000015637177,0.00018809956,0.0010735737,0.51106495,0.00007001416],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9217287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98784304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.60041577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000060801165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008047242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49555477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096429472","doi":"","title":"NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DECENTRALISATION IN AFRICA AND THE NATURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS &amp;apos; COMPETITION: EVIDENCE FROM BENIN","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; General partnership; Developing country; Work (physics); Subject (documents); Devolution (biology)","score_opus":0.06676503507171376,"score_gpt":0.31063848843301023,"score_spread":0.24387345336129646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096429472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9454707,0.0074956403,0.007869236,0.0075311614,0.00064453704,0.0005474089,0.000012529238,0.000036138892,0.030392658],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965923,0.0020931659,0.00039457183,0.00030390848,0.000113998285,0.000008154733,0.0000059733034,0.000003965891,0.0004839828],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986831,0.00020101617,0.00019257283,0.00011835709,0.00056889077,0.00023605922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994344,0.0002903698,0.000100198195,0.00009913303,0.000025876487,0.000049982646],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005549094,0.00007453642,0.0001216578,0.000010836059,0.00014229833,0.000044930403,0.00010805927,0.000116242125,0.0005035295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016321118,0.00005215933,0.000027451602,0.00020807608,0.0003480627,0.0008698831,0.00004158296,0.00010723415,0.000007845335],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027891892,0.000080140875,0.46121386,0.000008718457,0.000016355827,4.144816e-7,0.034620125,0.000043026084,0.00021234725,0.4989068,0.0013479971,0.0032713194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0019003374,0.000024683653,0.64690644,0.00050114846,0.00005952334,8.413603e-7,0.025932174,0.00008962131,0.0013696378,0.010932225,0.311946,0.00033739267],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002142303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008166867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.48797455,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014554018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000026126061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5513295},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096722074","doi":"","title":"Intergovernmental Tax Interactions in the Canadian Federation","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Work (physics); Legislation; Public policy","score_opus":0.06055922893559126,"score_gpt":0.33334054729096013,"score_spread":0.2727813183553689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096722074","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08490099,0.000010736633,0.0012464531,0.018940693,0.0004994443,0.00021202535,0.0000037432508,0.000015967771,0.8941699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993728,0.0000066966495,0.00004644481,0.0018974071,0.00007758811,0.000008377985,0.000004819509,0.0000015162883,0.0042291433],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936336,0.00007389634,0.00007038047,0.000058811864,0.00030719416,0.00012633756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999829,0.00001830532,0.000017975359,0.000046312023,0.000019504274,0.00006893481],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031892935,0.00002876969,0.000025978796,0.00001909878,0.00024243885,0.00015846359,0.0000911202,0.000017723567,0.00018722296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010273679,0.000021251042,0.0000112855105,0.00013764136,0.000032347896,0.00028859527,0.0000056165663,0.00004714826,0.000082340855],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010488919,0.00006817283,0.087350905,6.483886e-7,0.0000031278748,0.0000071519335,0.056754824,0.000057747442,0.000008215334,0.66379386,0.188762,0.0031828852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020806697,0.000017456616,0.016963294,0.0000056868644,0.0000021557855,9.554537e-7,0.04983371,0.0003958907,0.000043788896,0.0028669501,0.92958724,0.00007477859],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.76732355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9972724,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.908827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009883201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026222455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25844228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7096962326","doi":"","title":"Institutional and Political Determinants of Incentive Competition: Reassessing Causes, Outcomes, Remedies","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Politics; Competition (biology); Bidding; Political capital; Decentralization; Capital (architecture); Phenomenon; Public good","score_opus":0.01890589321714795,"score_gpt":0.3105341681234946,"score_spread":0.29162827490634663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7096962326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8932601,0.000079616155,0.0025006563,0.0009873793,0.00017344851,0.00010988443,0.00001372948,0.000032419615,0.10284276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99876845,0.00004444646,0.00039635538,0.00012555305,0.00006310288,0.0000015539883,0.0000058693718,0.0000017769797,0.0005928693],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923956,0.000036075253,0.00015587776,0.00009254824,0.0003077859,0.00016813248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999754,0.000052036085,0.000050688923,0.000040106803,0.00006130506,0.000041823067],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000112794856,0.000047233738,0.0001009098,0.00002006083,0.00022283675,0.000026538833,0.000039179635,0.00004160793,0.000057429053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008024848,0.0000402832,0.000018229939,0.0000845852,0.00045082066,0.00023245717,0.000021187874,0.000024435312,0.0000025296156],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000018635252,0.000023751261,0.43931133,0.0000038856215,0.0000010540565,0.0000016619133,0.000058850568,5.6204647e-7,0.000011958891,0.560333,0.00006859831,0.00018348495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025434062,0.0000127022295,0.9719759,0.000045162047,0.000009538826,0.0000010026721,0.0008802328,0.000045862136,0.00066875457,0.016758174,0.009266611,0.00008171151],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0067257164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005934794,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.54357487,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009109854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010466856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7097492097","doi":"","title":"Does decentralization foster a good trade and investment climate?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Investment (military); Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Good governance; Quality (philosophy); Public investment; Autonomy; Foreign direct investment","score_opus":0.028881510677466752,"score_gpt":0.28352653440946485,"score_spread":0.2546450237319981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7097492097","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41987675,0.00054502167,0.010442365,0.03816518,0.0018804295,0.0014538624,0.000021445461,0.00046260137,0.52715236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942441,0.0006731757,0.0003946026,0.0034679645,0.00009404274,0.000008362252,0.0000091652855,0.000006001093,0.0011025871],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991436,0.00006252916,0.000113185415,0.00013246272,0.00032154683,0.00022669708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997039,0.000014734072,0.000038428803,0.00006148751,0.000019110837,0.00016235796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023608729,0.00005971993,0.00006668904,0.000014910799,0.00012628979,0.000088661734,0.00005231125,0.00005371711,0.000073020674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005546304,0.00003686382,0.000013946036,0.000117653806,0.0000748558,0.00031756313,0.00002233382,0.00002079259,0.000015201761],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018344292,0.000080031525,0.1649039,0.000009085336,0.0000066280154,0.0000019623124,0.013488288,0.0000101496435,0.000029604611,0.80557245,0.012249097,0.0036304598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011457928,0.000095252006,0.023765704,0.000025968684,0.00002790375,7.4838914e-7,0.012213841,0.00043857904,0.0011359566,0.023501752,0.937369,0.0002795118],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00021637203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011082486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9251199,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009891272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005477274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15032631},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100259032","doi":"","title":"FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT FISCAL BALANCES IN CANADA’S MAJOR CITIES","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Government (linguistics); Debt; Distribution (mathematics); Government revenue; Fiscal federalism; Fiscal policy","score_opus":0.0047816533071433414,"score_gpt":0.20212980715069154,"score_spread":0.1973481538435482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100259032","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82561886,0.00007078978,0.0001067,0.0023503727,0.0001350146,0.00013591487,0.000012613014,0.000012625075,0.17155713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99305534,0.00003889385,0.00004830244,0.00032312443,0.00012519491,0.000005892368,0.0000021110402,0.000002420746,0.006398716],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99899596,0.000028270311,0.0001173047,0.000112039466,0.0005332255,0.00021321658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998758,0.00002351994,0.000030380947,0.0000306512,0.000006530902,0.000033153687],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009058618,0.0000536254,0.00007727572,0.000005249661,0.00015214345,0.000057664576,0.000051820247,0.000026936681,0.00012198803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000018748711,0.000047599726,0.00000891218,0.00005736721,0.00005453065,0.00014136563,0.00001716445,0.000029926206,0.0000013747637],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010601118,0.00001519365,0.91716963,0.000003871821,9.93522e-7,0.0000053659564,0.00028060706,0.000010598515,0.000010272168,0.067820914,0.013270341,0.0014016252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003627819,0.000014177035,0.9282681,0.000009293298,0.000002098214,2.6819075e-7,0.0048021395,0.0001642367,0.0001825283,0.0019229064,0.06413667,0.00013480912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.98964787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9995797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1674365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008440143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004885741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22070679},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100854147","doi":"","title":"2 Determining General and Specific Purpose","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Equalization (audio); Revenue; Panel data; Work (physics)","score_opus":0.01978626704223114,"score_gpt":0.2835976846972258,"score_spread":0.26381141765499466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100854147","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7265266,0.00013812882,0.004309972,0.0016426431,0.00011711549,0.000092063085,3.6412754e-7,0.000057549118,0.26711553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99178606,0.00057203183,0.00092909293,0.0007339348,0.00013774997,4.9685667e-7,5.6191664e-7,0.0000011997516,0.0058388677],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99961585,0.000013953792,0.000050762537,0.00007488202,0.00013067914,0.00011386803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998959,0.00000678861,0.000013724911,0.00003439297,0.000008358227,0.000040887368],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007673619,0.000027697877,0.000034963537,0.000008583701,0.0001322935,0.000053720625,0.000034752287,0.000023776365,0.0001380025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000108532495,0.000024596402,0.000008877279,0.0000639373,0.000030940566,0.00013728443,0.000004502405,0.000015250114,0.0000141715545],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004562708,0.000024339182,0.018334502,6.316583e-7,9.2280817e-7,0.0000060192183,0.0027394858,0.0000044729386,0.00076242565,0.5663831,0.008043156,0.40369633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00024089887,0.000058399302,0.16006494,0.000005842585,0.0000025897434,8.2996144e-7,0.0007532607,0.00021092643,0.00068972126,0.008801223,0.8290359,0.0001354693],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000038105387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000051920317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.82099277,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000020304986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000010905524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15110306},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7100965046","doi":"","title":"On Local Public Finance in the Canadian Federation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Public finance; Local government; Government (linguistics); Power (physics); Public policy","score_opus":0.02168683042760743,"score_gpt":0.26717307388746986,"score_spread":0.24548624345986242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7100965046","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14936289,0.000024592446,0.01366455,0.09623972,0.00020568671,0.00033656537,0.0000015464892,0.000026225149,0.74013823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940747,0.000030431615,0.000024586121,0.005344538,0.00003250917,0.0000071214954,0.0000028153795,0.0000014360572,0.0004818307],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993706,0.000039783485,0.000059809976,0.00007529887,0.00026695416,0.00018755824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986255,0.000018517745,0.000013330145,0.000056746114,0.000016406122,0.00003242474],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002640597,0.000030804138,0.000027460856,0.000023377292,0.00046382536,0.00015182464,0.000099841534,0.00004389617,0.000072889256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000074695345,0.000021983815,0.000010487097,0.00024861723,0.000059413716,0.00017305095,0.0000020766465,0.000047009376,0.00008241976],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[9.4499177e-7,0.000017262268,0.0009052275,1.9846075e-7,2.1208604e-7,0.0000023404398,0.0016804249,0.000694808,1.8836687e-7,0.9920909,0.0015020102,0.003105477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009480514,0.00011454289,0.08266042,0.000026301203,0.0000022155398,7.519961e-7,0.00860105,0.0004978869,0.00011750648,0.19840068,0.70836145,0.00026911407],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5437749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9923199,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84471184,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006500813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048650423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45926312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7106254121","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5656490","title":"The Institutional Tension Index (ITI) A Rule-Based, Rank-Free Approach to Operationalizing the Two-Axis Fiscal Framework","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Through-the-lens metering; Index (typography); Reuse; Rubric; Lens (geology); Public spending; Simple (philosophy)","score_opus":0.014207962450764177,"score_gpt":0.2789976890690023,"score_spread":0.26478972661823813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7106254121","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0062210066,0.00653051,0.9280036,0.038522422,0.0027097408,0.0018315505,0.0000655037,0.00005222003,0.016063426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96309716,0.020939138,0.0010567962,0.0048526996,0.0035037226,0.00024271208,0.00006308408,0.000041742103,0.006202948],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9891,0.0012775353,0.0012818504,0.00097049284,0.0034032692,0.0039668875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964457,0.0009045986,0.0007066664,0.0009963869,0.0006544236,0.0002922032],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009013338,0.0006736563,0.00056673744,0.00016653082,0.009946183,0.0016344845,0.0033894202,0.0007081472,0.00008577757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022083663,0.00043055599,0.00063569844,0.0014012723,0.00092232396,0.00044299124,0.0009239996,0.007757185,0.000047053],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004272754,0.00025105674,0.0014457772,0.000019669378,0.00026334025,0.0000022911381,0.0015483455,0.13477795,0.000005142836,0.8428774,0.0016954723,0.016686274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022061164,0.00019864907,0.0019116487,0.00084401626,0.00026293634,0.00008500374,0.01029398,0.04235158,0.000022219589,0.8442349,0.09668318,0.0009057741],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014508073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036340468,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.95687616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0066281185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.024473006,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7111838644","doi":"","title":"Fiscal equalisation in Brazil, Canada and Australia: The case of states or provinces","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inequality; State (computer science); Ideal (ethics); Socioeconomic status; Feature (linguistics); Social inequality","score_opus":0.04033789951376581,"score_gpt":0.3483643312260504,"score_spread":0.3080264317122846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7111838644","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99575156,0.00001727662,5.1534005e-7,0.0011584914,0.000056324367,0.00025501839,0.00003073448,0.0000022907138,0.002727811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978742,0.00075552496,0.000010668788,0.00006597194,0.000015555008,0.000038006085,0.0000051836905,0.0000034477166,0.001231428],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.99887717,0.00033111745,0.00019602751,0.00014360857,0.00020721715,0.00024486563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993791,0.00041717468,0.000059363763,0.00009068206,0.00001577868,0.00003787334],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014062987,0.00004089329,0.00008355391,0.000041844825,0.00029270307,0.000028075929,0.00013176151,0.00002391764,0.00014585695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024149187,0.000032998567,0.000009593625,0.0001832171,0.0002079489,0.000108063155,0.000083195075,0.00015601925,1.1691546e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00058066193,0.00025559866,0.7033345,0.000085014886,0.000027196103,0.00077120657,0.036445033,0.024573317,0.000047145477,0.04141129,0.0018682511,0.19060075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0027360818,0.0007991073,0.18736055,0.000071414266,0.00001162223,0.000081603095,0.47069514,0.021177322,0.0003625052,0.008064453,0.30794647,0.0006937434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7647189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9881373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.515974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008663157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068174023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.23684786},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7113469192","doi":"","title":"Addressing the Fairness of Municipal User Fee Policy","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; Trent University; Australian Government","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Corporate governance; User fee; Work (physics); Entitlement (fair division); Order (exchange)","score_opus":0.1120009161715636,"score_gpt":0.42974697019217567,"score_spread":0.31774605402061207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7113469192","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00039145479,0.0014875352,0.0002318761,0.002140635,0.0002354172,0.00014346796,0.00000508759,0.00003516698,0.9953294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02432465,0.0012970191,0.00005717617,0.00022384984,0.0006699436,0.000005080782,0.000009262225,0.00006296506,0.97335005],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990419,0.00012779192,0.000087417204,0.00012558076,0.00042207073,0.00019524948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995055,0.00003841685,0.00016784076,0.00022926321,0.00002595315,0.000032982964],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014706497,0.00008714127,0.00015070211,0.00003410887,0.00011458561,0.000040490886,0.00024363428,0.00016261324,0.003267663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014587921,0.00006518314,0.0000555407,0.0003303145,0.0001995918,0.000023010953,0.000056294048,0.000080680686,0.000015494705],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000072507028,0.000062469095,0.0013506754,0.00009340425,0.00005191716,0.0000059631616,0.04644432,0.000015176346,0.00004636439,0.27101895,0.67722625,0.003677238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000078042925,0.0000035894698,0.0003360441,0.0002159994,0.000012579001,1.0812021e-7,0.007937776,0.0000042569773,0.000055243763,0.000107200736,0.9911685,0.000080652986],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.057894584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015113665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31394225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007289105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002598545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7115584378","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5926842","title":"A Circulation-Respiration Framework for Institutional Operation: Fiscal Events, Information Admissibility, and X-Y Geometric Diagnosis","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Function (biology); Administration (probate law); Circulation (fluid dynamics); Fiscal capacity; Component (thermodynamics); Government (linguistics)","score_opus":0.021128293304245083,"score_gpt":0.31179081659075386,"score_spread":0.29066252328650877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7115584378","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.04677175,0.0039943988,0.93821126,0.005832155,0.0020808827,0.0022670901,0.00016237395,0.000040599207,0.00063948776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9394355,0.056396417,0.0012306022,0.0006431211,0.0012147053,0.00033667946,0.00029314723,0.000013428746,0.00043643927],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9941407,0.00035880032,0.0014547047,0.00059423683,0.0014186387,0.0020329098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99722874,0.00050575123,0.0010712196,0.00028818642,0.00065943564,0.00024664353],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004632178,0.0004561467,0.0005090572,0.00053154625,0.002693218,0.00079096394,0.0005104087,0.000923138,0.00016160157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0031166184,0.00047757395,0.00033824926,0.0011853417,0.00019166408,0.0027308015,0.00017327639,0.0023023973,0.000018375977],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018150685,0.00021919941,0.045698114,0.00016812114,0.00023482842,2.0258881e-7,0.0019240963,0.011583935,8.5323126e-7,0.8169319,0.00015948743,0.12289777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017493288,0.0004123519,0.030145705,0.0006081017,0.00036261193,0.000017088312,0.0026516258,0.0086905025,0.00002659802,0.91841817,0.03619651,0.0007214277],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005064416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012199542,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.93698066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005836698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0127177825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99999934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7115597886","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5925862","title":"Fiscal Geometry: Institutional Distortion in OECD Pillar Two Across an X-Y Fiscal Plane","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Distortion (music); Pillar; Fiscal policy; Plane (geometry); Panel data","score_opus":0.012942048002259182,"score_gpt":0.3140048002597835,"score_spread":0.3010627522575243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7115597886","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93712574,0.0052600284,0.045416754,0.0021155165,0.0046489444,0.00086472044,0.00029728303,0.000070872025,0.0042001316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94634765,0.047774665,0.000044624834,0.00022977311,0.0017642847,0.000027191656,0.0003388109,0.00002529528,0.0034476996],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.98880744,0.0007999295,0.0015028323,0.0011093387,0.0022150818,0.005565374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99796146,0.00013671009,0.0009229478,0.00044405548,0.00015397876,0.00038084926],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005774986,0.0006765656,0.0008265211,0.0003173559,0.001964908,0.0005542772,0.0012974759,0.0008900978,0.00030099985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030774708,0.00070383627,0.00040778532,0.0009436447,0.00063459965,0.0012234513,0.00040980565,0.006168707,0.00008725041],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014076653,0.0023350685,0.21887794,0.00015970932,0.00047350553,0.00008156759,0.011593692,0.034208503,0.000054167576,0.5836177,0.00031645098,0.14687406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.012826395,0.0024441506,0.16935694,0.001687958,0.0004973215,0.00045554506,0.03637257,0.0067319884,0.00017171263,0.67086107,0.09448313,0.0041112504],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049582515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.11551831,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1427628,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.015962962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.012904669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995413},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117447121","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103712","title":"Informal fiscal systems in developing countries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Development Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadians for Leading Edge Alzheimer Research Foundation; Indian Statistical Institute; University of Virginia","keywords":"Language change; Public good; Developing country; Incentive; Bureaucracy; Informal sector; Public sector; Agency (philosophy); Government (linguistics); Public service","score_opus":0.012711985537343642,"score_gpt":0.25490081006165555,"score_spread":0.2421888245243119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117447121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96722984,0.00033396875,0.0061740573,0.002890728,0.0016169798,0.00013393107,8.18125e-7,0.0000075954285,0.02161205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882984,0.0057780985,0.0027568254,0.0012750898,0.00013839718,0.000004219133,0.0000018966413,0.0000053626914,0.0017416775],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990258,0.000024287896,0.0005968074,0.000053883654,0.00012241057,0.0001767801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995493,0.000050076967,0.00026671984,0.000033617987,0.000065714245,0.000034558725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007720916,0.0000587019,0.0001628875,0.00013474196,0.00012394054,0.000109221786,0.00015577837,0.00006534168,0.000011502289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005987617,0.00005768731,0.000024032606,0.00013746426,0.000036499598,0.0005093062,0.000025775798,0.00006715662,0.000007918716],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007048764,0.00003300211,0.3825869,0.000048280064,0.000050601226,0.0000072149533,0.009655993,0.0024719161,8.7376384e-7,0.5937004,0.0030114078,0.008362905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00036213035,0.000006271897,0.07888682,0.00012913563,0.0000029239393,0.0000012800912,0.001614939,0.000084047635,0.0000850908,0.00035987556,0.9183895,0.00007800344],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000044739565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004625217,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9153781,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007805131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017539269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31113908},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7117540174","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2025.102751","title":"Redistributive promises, transfers to special interests, and the political economy of reform with limited state capacity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Political Economy","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Cambridge","keywords":"Incentive; State (computer science); Redistribution (election); Politics; Government (linguistics); Compensation (psychology)","score_opus":0.013575895955764437,"score_gpt":0.24671160935816727,"score_spread":0.23313571340240283,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7117540174","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11989243,0.000012063618,0.005136809,0.040757954,0.00012619037,0.00026373393,0.000040073413,0.000006545446,0.8337642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965941,0.0000067875953,0.00010621405,0.0027371915,0.00038542703,0.0000012546049,0.0000011404402,0.0000064543656,0.00016144452],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9984665,0.0003660341,0.0005094822,0.00012643704,0.0001229704,0.00040858757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991054,0.00016547897,0.00012864712,0.00009464856,0.0001791928,0.00032663927],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00084625056,0.00010229456,0.00027167663,0.000060420345,0.00011908584,0.000080840255,0.00022594539,0.000022611814,0.000035201003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021250558,0.000066951914,0.00007841985,0.00012380128,0.0009379393,0.00022723715,0.000035316207,0.00017920989,0.000004128721],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045329446,0.000041058865,0.0006885747,0.000014087996,0.00004907458,0.000010273048,0.0010991226,0.0000011571742,0.0000013779553,0.9962686,0.0004662027,0.00090718875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.011798669,0.0024960716,0.041396555,0.00065852224,0.00030461774,0.00004026253,0.028329726,0.00006206584,0.0025519961,0.43569702,0.47608456,0.0005799292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00019623911,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00012059885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.87670165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042943002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027855873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34558764},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7118535464","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18156556","title":"Strengthening Nigeria Local Government System Through Multicultural and Multitier Structure: Global Models and Practical Lessons","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multiculturalism; Local government; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Local governance; Qualitative research; Comparative case","score_opus":0.03700760169088765,"score_gpt":0.3029298201791165,"score_spread":0.2659222184882289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7118535464","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22839347,0.0024499707,0.50519586,0.01478648,0.0017863099,0.0037973283,0.004127729,0.001349493,0.23811337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972751,0.0009547843,0.00066294475,0.00019090327,0.000111884234,7.7507075e-8,0.00015482825,0.000213472,0.00043600344],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965353,0.0006544674,0.00046112892,0.00073231076,0.0010077473,0.0006090611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988625,0.000064597894,0.000220867,0.00027385817,0.0003404389,0.00023775837],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005118651,0.0002792738,0.0002947983,0.000029603076,0.0042855735,0.0017435456,0.00035806955,0.00021933616,0.0007850698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005335776,0.00027480832,0.00005263818,0.00060552714,0.00082573196,0.0010419467,0.0012327146,0.00029959384,0.00009284837],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051363435,0.00036747,0.00010828674,0.000630477,0.0003230739,0.000049057235,0.028521258,0.0017303176,0.0005307871,0.7712147,0.041321423,0.15468949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029136734,0.00032727266,0.0017522227,0.00061069604,0.00022782653,0.00012758221,0.08883517,0.10188583,0.00035753872,0.0026834323,0.7994894,0.00078939804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027734452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021514143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7688816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012905376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002114288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7119206152","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18156555","title":"Strengthening Nigeria Local Government System Through Multicultural and Multitier Structure: Global Models and Practical Lessons","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multiculturalism; Local government; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Local governance; Qualitative research; Comparative case","score_opus":0.03700760169088765,"score_gpt":0.3029298201791165,"score_spread":0.2659222184882289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7119206152","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22839347,0.0024499707,0.50519586,0.01478648,0.0017863099,0.0037973283,0.004127729,0.001349493,0.23811337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972751,0.0009547843,0.00066294475,0.00019090327,0.000111884234,7.7507075e-8,0.00015482825,0.000213472,0.00043600344],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9965353,0.0006544674,0.00046112892,0.00073231076,0.0010077473,0.0006090611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988625,0.000064597894,0.000220867,0.00027385817,0.0003404389,0.00023775837],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005118651,0.0002792738,0.0002947983,0.000029603076,0.0042855735,0.0017435456,0.00035806955,0.00021933616,0.0007850698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005335776,0.00027480832,0.00005263818,0.00060552714,0.00082573196,0.0010419467,0.0012327146,0.00029959384,0.00009284837],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051363435,0.00036747,0.00010828674,0.000630477,0.0003230739,0.000049057235,0.028521258,0.0017303176,0.0005307871,0.7712147,0.041321423,0.15468949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0029136734,0.00032727266,0.0017522227,0.00061069604,0.00022782653,0.00012758221,0.08883517,0.10188583,0.00035753872,0.0026834323,0.7994894,0.00078939804],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027734452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000021514143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7688816,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012905376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002114288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99997044},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7124705376","doi":"10.65760/sjgs.v3.i1.9","title":"A REVIEW OF NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: STRUCTURAL INCONSISTENCES AND THE DIFFICULTIES IN NATION-BUILDING","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Sokoto Journal of Geographical Studies","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Politics; Rivalry; Restructuring; Regionalism (politics); Diversity (politics); Resource (disambiguation); Power (physics)","score_opus":0.018785704375394834,"score_gpt":0.33137386576212574,"score_spread":0.3125881613867309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7124705376","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.38538617,0.5769835,0.00003285907,0.03607863,0.0007432441,0.00044479425,0.0000044076223,0.0000031672619,0.0003232327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.56759316,0.43131652,0.000061882245,0.00094430085,0.000058281883,0.000004871821,1.622358e-7,0.0000019279096,0.000018864333],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99665534,0.0007103999,0.0013964453,0.00018500652,0.0007699188,0.00028289988],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970141,0.0010792117,0.0010583836,0.000094213836,0.00069870375,0.00005536025],"candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025891317,0.00019929267,0.0009870518,0.00018679241,0.0006791164,0.00010295518,0.00031931576,0.00010218303,0.000015921927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028501132,0.00011462921,0.0003163198,0.0015326455,0.0029777826,0.00031541835,0.00016276744,0.00031339875,9.823443e-8],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011168655,0.00027196127,0.45010182,0.011152887,0.0024884222,0.000020264491,0.044202637,0.000081521066,0.000045615467,0.45989898,0.004440163,0.026178861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009696013,0.0007162422,0.3580566,0.12741484,0.0018678486,0.00002652271,0.1999502,0.00026509474,0.00015391693,0.28521344,0.015694855,0.0009444314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005349078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010236849,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.182207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009114363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001677521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99973553},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7140148391","doi":"10.21567/adhyayan.v11i2.08","title":"Outcome-Based Budgeting and Infrastructure Delivery in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Subnational Fiscal Reform in Nigeria","year":2021,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Adhyayan A Journal of Management Sciences","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Wycliffe College","funders":"","keywords":"Accountability; Transparency (behavior); Revenue; Corporate governance; Capital expenditure; Emerging markets; Fiscal policy; Capital (architecture); Budget constraint","score_opus":0.023214891816660144,"score_gpt":0.29357332574207584,"score_spread":0.2703584339254157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7140148391","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98670095,0.0026605849,0.000787116,0.0060663153,0.0008621191,0.00017835568,0.000006644393,0.0000044987014,0.0027334036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98907524,0.0069372146,0.0030041216,0.00071170006,0.00015194374,0.0000026832013,0.0000019668942,0.000006724842,0.000108420325],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99598294,0.00034280698,0.0013673843,0.0004996656,0.0012892337,0.00051794696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982946,0.00041481384,0.00089744804,0.0001296024,0.00012680396,0.00013675822],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0033157296,0.00022504533,0.00044211894,0.00043052284,0.0003961761,0.00048503856,0.00060492253,0.000113254384,0.0004795454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00048135876,0.00020965101,0.00011497831,0.0014888349,0.000520132,0.002248532,0.00022326628,0.00029592722,0.0000045242796],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008036436,0.000093108145,0.9680955,0.000062723426,0.000026842823,0.00016735398,0.004584222,0.013920056,0.000038669812,0.0025640926,0.00013779433,0.010229285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0014575091,0.00012973792,0.9332665,0.0016372493,0.000042163436,0.0000039253755,0.047512077,0.009171436,0.00013406578,0.004541542,0.0017621462,0.00034162134],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00069474883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005118145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.042927857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010612966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004357685,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.854932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7144537479","doi":"","title":"〈Articles〉Institutional Change of Equalization Payments to Canadian Provinces and Revenue Raising Performance from 2004-05 to 2011-12","year":2011,"lang":"ja","type":"article","venue":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Raising (metalworking); Payment; Equalization (audio); Revenue; Production (economics)","score_opus":0.070587928276526,"score_gpt":0.27684805943596563,"score_spread":0.20626013115943964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7144537479","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798579,0.0009826126,0.0039074,0.0011403573,0.0040856213,0.0012763558,0.0051242234,0.000039300292,0.0035862136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954235,0.00041025397,0.0013546336,0.0008022971,0.0010373599,0.00006740287,0.00048669765,0.000014523976,0.00040333346],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9969742,0.0001182779,0.0006218241,0.0005997365,0.0011322392,0.0005537686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99836206,0.000052315852,0.0002616147,0.0003439779,0.00034142856,0.0006386007],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045958644,0.00027088847,0.0002883204,0.00017986594,0.0013152448,0.00014405584,0.00033838957,0.00016036087,0.00020481234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042845824,0.00028623143,0.00005039604,0.0005468482,0.00051412557,0.002112912,0.00018157507,0.00012412436,0.000098463446],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0016844413,0.0012843366,0.5687724,0.0006732082,0.00036584807,0.0003557035,0.13635038,0.00087329955,0.01007222,0.21491162,0.030346405,0.03431018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001725994,0.00075995974,0.4389078,0.0037422709,0.00029764292,0.000027029617,0.0029376792,0.00084431,0.03255956,0.00079599913,0.5157171,0.0016846489],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.50977683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.23282228,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4853707,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010651072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016215702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999849},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7146123085","doi":"","title":"The Changing Income Tax Burden Structures of Region after Tax Reform 1987 in Canada : Review of Redistribution","year":2014,"lang":"ja","type":"article","venue":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Redistribution (election); Tax reform; State income tax; Income tax; Redistribution of income and wealth; Gross income; Indirect tax","score_opus":0.008291169378156979,"score_gpt":0.2404745286178626,"score_spread":0.23218335923970562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7146123085","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.75625366,0.13766,0.010298863,0.017597087,0.028713698,0.0048905737,0.011267112,0.00009665853,0.03322235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98594654,0.012559014,0.000051794894,0.00013103733,0.00074930326,0.00003307212,0.0003716654,0.0000076917895,0.00014987086],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99647176,0.00024547102,0.0009661877,0.00033530907,0.0015463248,0.00043496225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980358,0.00016707365,0.00080007024,0.0005018143,0.00039328117,0.00010196207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093985046,0.00021505178,0.00038397842,0.00005784902,0.0005865045,0.000045669323,0.00041421133,0.000104769184,0.00001881048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012675527,0.00016660997,0.00009013485,0.000930664,0.000596986,0.0006274161,0.00019798471,0.00020133602,0.000001346392],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00080262515,0.0001265935,0.03065223,0.00838537,0.00014451711,0.00015835984,0.0032911042,0.00028535645,0.0004339495,0.94030917,0.008781002,0.0066296957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013355989,0.00020074197,0.054361966,0.0409316,0.0002689153,0.000058035257,0.0064203343,0.0010370575,0.0076677073,0.0029495026,0.8837413,0.0010272367],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7120279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5649921,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9373597,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029170464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0024322472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7627975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7146956593","doi":"10.70675/fbdc51c1zd239z47b3z87cfzebbf73803b42","title":"Four Essays on Fiscal Decentralisation and Secessions","year":2016,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Concurrence; Decentralization; Publics; Great recession","score_opus":0.02324405707295878,"score_gpt":0.3108952717489484,"score_spread":0.2876512146759896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7146956593","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4168214,0.00033282407,0.0053607114,0.0060144067,0.0048773843,0.0016147173,0.00010422388,0.00017513002,0.56469923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92150426,0.009782022,0.000058824047,0.00061769446,0.00052643876,0.00003962008,0.00022376547,0.00003768816,0.067209706],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9961803,0.00028700216,0.000611013,0.0008158411,0.0013940558,0.000711788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984348,0.00032011242,0.00048424257,0.000255713,0.0001470569,0.0003580743],"candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004349518,0.00045850102,0.00040682196,0.0001146145,0.0013657728,0.00027668505,0.00027012025,0.0007508906,0.0035603594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003253839,0.00034413865,0.00014495551,0.00038223527,0.00021926501,0.00061676477,0.00003596166,0.00023623797,0.0003428419],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007707441,0.00063692586,0.045161366,0.00024126144,0.00014841204,0.000020613106,0.0302597,0.000022874287,0.0010657336,0.7013041,0.0255903,0.19477801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0095770415,0.0018832043,0.4052289,0.007706538,0.0010797355,0.000008090329,0.07746673,0.002451217,0.012922279,0.11339943,0.36149213,0.0067847194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005337258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013235592,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.58790463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002840397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024127436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999343},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7164880791","doi":"10.1080/17153379.2016.12557522","title":"Regional Dynamics in a Decentralized Indonesia. Indonesia Update Series.","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dynamics (music); System dynamics; Decentralization","score_opus":0.011859400802688443,"score_gpt":0.24477414422595561,"score_spread":0.23291474342326718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7164880791","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30481276,0.00082856795,0.025368374,0.047467526,0.0022337686,0.0020953196,0.00013325812,0.00071439054,0.61634606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99575,0.0028032365,0.00013122508,0.000045294906,0.00007528254,0.000027710903,0.000019351637,0.000016064067,0.0011318184],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9981238,0.00016217986,0.00028646406,0.00031039616,0.00057069736,0.0005464529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994174,0.0000667003,0.00012505606,0.00019591337,0.000054493765,0.0001404189],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037332257,0.0001464595,0.0001931106,0.00008133384,0.00018358788,0.00005400162,0.00022685352,0.00015989883,0.00023295337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006843807,0.000115015384,0.00006413755,0.0005528072,0.00030589665,0.00058583176,0.000033147386,0.00007563893,0.00014512746],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022203744,0.00012696472,0.40041807,0.000009196666,0.000012897565,0.000033102504,0.0035054768,0.000005020524,0.00006994611,0.58033884,0.0032198185,0.012038623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.010189704,0.0001939761,0.17525846,0.0005876545,0.000062557,0.000024704821,0.37399983,0.0005709312,0.00051897636,0.0423219,0.3940011,0.0022701912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00020626344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035989997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6909373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008405375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019137694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.46901911},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7164900331","doi":"10.1080/17153379.2017.12559078","title":"Decentralization Policies in Asian Development","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"","score_opus":0.030880051553838158,"score_gpt":0.2577129744202449,"score_spread":0.22683292286640672,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7164900331","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0126898615,0.000049142705,0.0031982579,0.00016816378,0.00022439411,0.0001854532,0.0000010389798,0.00006991237,0.98341376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979035,0.00017766743,0.0007208252,0.000014910436,0.00003393655,0.000012231821,0.0000068131376,0.000006856668,0.0011232409],"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989984,0.00006027708,0.00018358348,0.00014449975,0.00029232688,0.0003208798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975073,0.000008958089,0.000056847635,0.0000827881,0.000026515565,0.00007418387],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023070551,0.00007336504,0.000080856444,0.000060938713,0.00016525132,0.00002811015,0.0001145656,0.00006822981,0.00042322298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005715553,0.00007443734,0.000019694658,0.000373936,0.00008705237,0.00021831722,0.000015360281,0.000039416496,0.000113187205],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024871359,0.00019466467,0.25738403,0.000008098402,0.000007686227,0.0000078439225,0.3845222,0.000008956527,0.000022189057,0.33275768,0.0013670215,0.023694744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044039925,0.00002515765,0.213255,0.000056122037,0.000006179856,4.856324e-7,0.6352248,0.000037906117,0.0018008128,0.003290847,0.14549588,0.00036640503],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006140171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028922805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.98521364,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022127129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012616169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4633995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7164911968","doi":"10.1080/17153379.2013.12556838","title":"Decentralization, Local Governance, and Social Wellbeing in India: Do Local Governments Matter? Routledge Advances in South Asian Studies, 23.","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific Affairs","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"South asia; Global South; Local government","score_opus":0.0076192644795872195,"score_gpt":0.2474523789281476,"score_spread":0.23983311444856037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7164911968","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08903298,0.015676716,0.030805344,0.004225747,0.0023823031,0.0036352645,0.00012786034,0.0002433244,0.85387045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99600285,0.003119579,0.000071273455,0.00007368163,0.000103848055,0.000061961764,0.000013746616,0.00002123856,0.00053184316],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","domain_scores_codex":[0.9974408,0.0002165498,0.00045816854,0.00046119172,0.00074747414,0.0006758173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994378,0.00005531536,0.00022406036,0.00012042941,0.00005582322,0.00010658989],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003832748,0.00022694195,0.0003348078,0.00006041676,0.00030105165,0.00012951721,0.00019540837,0.00019136442,0.0002280137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006873073,0.00022898418,0.00004443983,0.0006055684,0.000659624,0.0010781153,0.00008362371,0.00018589183,0.00017477295],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000055602028,0.00020168409,0.7758436,0.00010947132,0.000026391746,0.000023326606,0.10531122,0.00016359564,0.000005551508,0.08090198,0.0034853928,0.03387214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013950559,0.000034567318,0.21596545,0.00018359363,0.000014539901,8.09222e-7,0.7565545,0.0003122762,0.000025420351,0.004934993,0.02010454,0.00047425026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026657965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013972915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.90696985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012604038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000095551535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.93377036},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W75346251","doi":"","title":"Technology, Interoperability, and Provision of Public Safety Networks","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Conference on Information Systems","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Interoperability; Spillover effect; Cross-domain interoperability; Computer security; Business; Computer science; Quality (philosophy); Decentralization; Risk analysis (engineering); Industrial organization; Semantic interoperability; Economics; Microeconomics; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.031158446072091783,"score_gpt":0.28658617559136956,"score_spread":0.2554277295192778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W75346251","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34244415,0.000089136396,0.10818587,0.016163321,0.0027181606,0.0021168431,0.000046337907,0.00024035318,0.5279958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99921715,0.00024147626,0.00003455563,0.00009391115,0.000040407722,0.000040811752,0.000024517662,0.0000020579453,0.0003051211],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989518,0.00006159827,0.00040014414,0.00008283358,0.0003773377,0.00012631394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988951,0.000030956053,0.0002396558,0.00009683034,0.0006873496,0.00005011285],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040547695,0.00006675977,0.00010235087,0.00014119664,0.00011638974,0.00027940015,0.00021461438,0.000103149345,0.00022341788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020908035,0.000056859863,0.000018081173,0.00017089475,0.0001650688,0.0017028702,0.00005179047,0.00007557827,0.00007504913],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001578894,0.0000195153,0.010084772,0.000010857578,0.000009574291,4.5864176e-8,0.0013273291,0.00010417388,0.000010903105,0.958317,0.0004432332,0.029656801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0022766497,0.00075049367,0.029307451,0.00092687295,0.000014678577,0.000007957457,0.07884594,0.35582256,0.00020053308,0.013835927,0.51723045,0.0007805049],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00086238724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000049370108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9444811,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001235808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006746163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.26942623},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W770475958","doi":"","title":"The rise and fall of decentralization in contemporary Uganda","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Econstor (Econstor)","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","keywords":"Decentralization; Quarter (Canadian coin); Development economics; Developing country; Order (exchange); State (computer science); Power (physics); Economic growth; Quality (philosophy); Political science; Economic system; Economics; Geography; Market economy","score_opus":0.024189378894023655,"score_gpt":0.27105878739186634,"score_spread":0.2468694084978427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W770475958","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9625618,0.009550248,0.00023806647,0.0008423066,0.001589196,0.0009623917,0.00005171715,0.0000460585,0.024158211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897797,0.008735693,0.000077728604,0.00008568863,0.00014851842,0.000061323,0.000018230561,0.000019131221,0.0010739635],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99770916,0.0003448948,0.00070547074,0.00042694368,0.00042002375,0.0003935195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984624,0.0002970643,0.0006212311,0.00034070565,0.00013541915,0.00014317132],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009030341,0.00024203351,0.00041914784,0.00009600902,0.00031612796,0.00017644474,0.00038011261,0.00039553546,0.00016021945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003780748,0.00021209636,0.00010340434,0.00017344637,0.0009776785,0.0003228594,0.00020353797,0.00030682565,0.000027546022],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021781641,0.000055031753,0.9580373,0.000047936548,0.000026318441,0.0000027402002,0.002853462,0.000039818144,0.000006662448,0.028950313,0.0086360155,0.0013225963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0017343675,0.00007321446,0.64638394,0.0006723056,0.00006025368,0.0000028044624,0.0045238147,0.0011032458,0.00021444015,0.016215965,0.32808757,0.0009280897],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0064167506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0081081735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31945157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035253167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00094039197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.97002506},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W786176067","doi":"","title":"Revenue Assignments in the Practice of Fiscal Decentralization","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Fiscal federalism; Redistribution (election); Revenue; Federalism; Politics; Tax administration; Government (linguistics); Economic policy; Tax revenue; Economics; Administration (probate law); Public economics; Business; Political science; Finance; Tax reform; Market economy","score_opus":0.03943909649951315,"score_gpt":0.3654597787596482,"score_spread":0.32602068226013503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W786176067","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.46482235,0.00047948695,0.00012961733,0.0060940026,0.0009781937,0.0030599528,0.00012490973,0.000024924455,0.52428657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8930137,0.105650924,0.00017238178,0.00018693168,0.00014035434,0.0000804273,0.0000395329,0.000014892118,0.0007008119],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9966863,0.0012553765,0.0004889938,0.00036468921,0.000723371,0.0004813071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984634,0.00072904356,0.00028350845,0.00039046246,0.00007604787,0.0000575216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003211932,0.00011862383,0.00022997122,0.00013058385,0.000172455,0.00007334357,0.0006115526,0.00030843416,0.000029291701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025254115,0.00011279838,0.00006720226,0.0002684365,0.00034963264,0.00021519313,0.00020587987,0.0006501824,0.000004004785],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006313423,0.0028142799,0.48130918,0.00036487047,0.00012596541,0.00020791091,0.10541371,0.058893297,0.000051660198,0.043669943,0.007036851,0.299481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013111614,0.00012906299,0.108615585,0.0006131316,0.000022496248,0.0000055477976,0.01808309,0.0037839217,0.00013059867,0.0076003307,0.8591386,0.000566458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014700714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020881733,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.85210174,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010726122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005042403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45997843},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W914108766","doi":"10.1177/073491490603000203","title":"E-Government and Local Governance in Canada: An Examination of Front Line Challenges and Federal Tensions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Public Administration Quarterly","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Front line; Public administration; Corporate governance; Government (linguistics); Local government; Front (military); Political science; Line (geometry); Law; Management; Economics; Geography","score_opus":0.020717080912040147,"score_gpt":0.24622356228866188,"score_spread":0.22550648137662174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W914108766","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98605305,0.0005676375,0.0013723992,0.006245413,0.00007815543,0.00020754116,0.00003140991,0.000012161367,0.005432217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991843,0.00039154614,0.00009133383,0.00005539559,0.000055593606,0.000010990303,0.000016151895,0.0000041851795,0.00019048847],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987379,0.00009973492,0.00025436355,0.00019023039,0.00054421026,0.00017357638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960077,0.00004480053,0.0001462515,0.000075357726,0.00005416925,0.000078662226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027864813,0.000078139645,0.00011677395,0.000010785132,0.000105589,0.000050508916,0.000052429576,0.000053742602,0.000027849504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003498534,0.000080530735,0.000008606115,0.000060659764,0.00009739332,0.00052463537,0.000005482151,0.000045133824,3.7596922e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035467343,0.00031281685,0.019771943,0.000031068495,0.0000056143713,0.00001018901,0.005244548,0.000009337374,0.00007032636,0.49090108,0.00026299316,0.4833446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042381362,0.00036521885,0.9749677,0.000017559794,0.0000040719856,0.0000016264096,0.016037563,0.0017242633,0.000075137184,0.0011324912,0.005121381,0.00012914649],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.22992581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9858693,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9551958,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041878168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055292324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.77520216},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}