{"meta":{"query_hash":"d72906a36fdb","filters":{"topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows"},"cohort_total":606,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":606,"exported":606,"export_cap":100000,"truncated":false,"label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"permalink":"https://metacan.xera.ac/q/d72906a36fdb","api":"https://metacan.xera.ac/api/v1/cohort?topic=Particle+Dynamics+in+Fluid+Flows"},"results":[{"id":"W1025670472","doi":"","title":"Velocity Slip and Interfacial Momentum Transfer in the Transient Section of Supersonic Gas—Droplet Two—Phase Flows","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"中国化学工程学报：英文版","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Momentum transfer; Mach number; Supersonic speed; Slip (aerodynamics); Momentum (technical analysis); Shock wave; Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.016758367397378,"score_gpt":0.22729033905044954,"score_spread":0.21053197165307155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1025670472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904075,0.000051589694,0.007965151,0.00004846671,0.000008116797,0.000015158739,0.00003443034,0.00006743333,0.0014022075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986595,0.000028755352,0.0008246506,0.0000059469307,0.0000021886842,0.000010559111,0.00002996855,0.0000081983235,0.00043022315],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999262,0.00001066905,0.0000030980236,0.000009323104,0.00001747512,0.00003322913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998356,0.00007915302,0.000030178091,0.00000988737,0.0000168101,0.000028315757],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019340283,0.0003301911,0.00028613515,0.0002668646,0.00039769863,0.00054788357,0.00036409855,0.00053096534,0.0009850421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00063167553,0.00022338952,0.00034943028,0.00020111114,0.0006386166,0.00046461966,0.00032748654,0.0003371464,0.00007948535],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040339073,0.00019925802,0.004609308,0.000064514265,0.000023249402,0.00047509564,0.0002673073,0.9041663,0.07708503,0.006979708,0.00018539265,0.0055414764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000038192906,0.0000718216,0.0013331168,0.0000021470328,0.0000049984797,0.000021550364,0.000030997475,0.9865796,0.0114999255,0.00026635308,0.0001438205,0.000007447798],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008637785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028181942,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008637785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010005983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006880541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017175019},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W138342559","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-5731-2_7","title":"Transport with Jets and Plumes of Chemicals in the Environment","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Plume; Chimney (locomotive); Froude number; Environmental science; Smoke; Outfall; Entrainment (biomusicology); Turbulence; Meteorology; Dilution; Geology; Panache; Petroleum engineering; Environmental engineering; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Geography","score_opus":0.008730385723295087,"score_gpt":0.16736448096409595,"score_spread":0.15863409524080085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W138342559","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006628663,0.24118397,0.1565878,0.0052444343,0.007827206,0.00011314934,0.00045853638,0.0006302422,0.58132595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04259189,0.16457547,0.049000103,0.001527967,0.0030316005,0.00012806366,0.0005509625,0.00045990275,0.7381341],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998511,0.000017243505,0.0000060543207,0.000029598072,0.00008207029,0.000013886156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999367,0.000034756442,0.0000035324133,0.0000063594,0.000012911657,0.000005717466],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016818897,0.0009807177,0.00077508664,0.00087079254,0.0006401611,0.002602715,0.00079408276,0.0019925865,0.009408163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003143585,0.00042408702,0.0008189201,0.0013486049,0.0011249144,0.0035494652,0.0012426777,0.0018503317,0.0035554492],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031103184,0.000090838126,0.0001410736,0.00083023263,0.000023347675,0.0003895776,0.00038222747,0.0095908,0.0085709775,0.69315904,0.096803576,0.1899872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008736762,0.000034028515,0.00022133371,0.00024343157,0.000012965972,0.0007746468,0.00012236972,0.008102814,0.003559057,0.2667135,0.7201736,0.00003351757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008493363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012195151,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009408163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072295417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005549132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031473458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1499181587","doi":"10.1063/1.4751876","title":"Particle jet formation during explosive dispersal of solid particles","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Explosive material; Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Shock wave; Shock (circulatory); Particle size; Volume (thermodynamics); Stokes number; Particle density","score_opus":0.01899929021388085,"score_gpt":0.24493203073051414,"score_spread":0.22593274051663328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1499181587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97761244,0.0010038627,0.01814296,0.000099293444,0.00007256785,0.000068014946,0.00018220708,0.00024444863,0.00257409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99154073,0.00030915465,0.0057718162,0.000052261177,0.000015234738,0.00002459399,0.00036244874,0.00003595515,0.0018877756],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998042,0.000009312601,0.0000093387125,0.000042536103,0.00009174139,0.000042941814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996032,0.00010076602,0.00010694159,0.000043164524,0.00007685697,0.00006913346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019865907,0.00021249047,0.00039856418,0.00028878756,0.0004305388,0.0005809036,0.00033746313,0.0003157715,0.001164245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005525258,0.00022280328,0.00025361683,0.0001956607,0.0003799077,0.00070114003,0.0005604038,0.000619335,0.00020504129],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022512137,0.00003631764,0.0016988743,0.00007441784,0.000008999111,0.0008325366,0.00028746435,0.0015139511,0.98635405,0.0005432617,0.0002941195,0.008130698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007123693,0.0005305506,0.020294385,0.000026283742,0.00002003914,0.00097655115,0.00022074643,0.017600704,0.95567507,0.00051874924,0.0040367167,0.000029018687],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011682443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010269661,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011682443,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003880143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017482933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003894806},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1564147957","doi":"","title":"THE FOULING OF ALLOY-800 HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES BY NICKEL FERRITE UNDER BULK BOILING CONDITIONS","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Fouling; Metallurgy; Materials science; Boiling; Alloy; Water cooling; Nickel; Ferrite (magnet); Deposition (geology); Suspension (topology); Composite material; Chemistry; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01291873393407705,"score_gpt":0.2459123939573644,"score_spread":0.23299366002328734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1564147957","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990031,0.00006435258,0.0004922184,0.000019301724,0.000003446361,0.0000038419075,0.000020520574,0.000019060848,0.00037420675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979017,0.000065467946,0.00059654086,0.000008431682,0.000004478622,0.0000033548,0.000054882672,0.000014179462,0.0013509141],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983895,0.000026808244,0.000005089463,0.000020599022,0.00006232902,0.000046181725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987304,0.000051334137,0.000017900165,0.000011623614,0.000032532676,0.000013506562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020278229,0.00019020954,0.00026442055,0.00016772485,0.00042837526,0.00042383405,0.00022093895,0.00027292297,0.0007342061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042210813,0.00012690754,0.00018867885,0.00008171288,0.00030045188,0.0003208389,0.00015260746,0.00027584424,0.00020671044],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010246945,0.000020865795,0.00067561935,0.000018727414,0.0000036317592,0.00005060444,0.0000957665,0.00029301032,0.9968291,0.000077282304,0.00005169636,0.0017812076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000049535583,0.00014933843,0.003432158,0.00000196285,0.000004915699,0.000050233986,0.00004505995,0.0038360893,0.99215007,0.000026329975,0.00029499468,0.0000038717485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043297936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034835401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0043297936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045275458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018983484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008609176},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1576575350","doi":"10.1006/jaer.2000.0660","title":"PA—Precision Agriculture","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Mechanics; Wind tunnel; Flow (mathematics); Flow velocity; Materials science; Analyser; Spray characteristics; Particle size; Particle (ecology); Drift velocity; Chemistry; Spray nozzle; Physics; Optics; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0236528229658135,"score_gpt":0.2825740472220967,"score_spread":0.2589212242562832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1576575350","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0051513086,0.0031340986,0.0044450266,0.0023613127,0.0011531146,0.00010810273,0.0021068822,0.001507575,0.9800325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.016796771,0.002583831,0.0038411599,0.0005264973,0.00031817314,0.0000807594,0.0023583705,0.00017842518,0.97331613],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997136,0.000020546255,0.000010147348,0.00012155232,0.00009027301,0.000043965898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996567,0.00004173711,0.000033655448,0.000063566156,0.00015394465,0.000050436833],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016118237,0.0012741195,0.000535378,0.0010815767,0.0017864413,0.0013900183,0.0006965774,0.0011532393,0.39289364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006827582,0.000327579,0.00022446687,0.0009341117,0.0004946414,0.00141037,0.0010572643,0.0015239372,0.330826],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018375239,0.00016387038,0.00095983245,0.00026806816,0.000013548359,0.0003085381,0.00008146113,0.00043275295,0.0064378553,0.017015072,0.49271095,0.4814242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000104192495,0.00007396959,0.0011414826,0.00002910775,0.000003659723,0.00025776937,0.000022437538,0.00018315752,0.001112341,0.00094078924,0.99622077,0.0000041014046],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022745468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004882159,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.39289364,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006686208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000738871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8659635},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1607703210","doi":"","title":"The Early Stages of Deposition of Magnetite Particles onto Alloy-800 Heat Exchange Surfaces under Subcooled Boiling Conditions","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Subcooling; Boiling; Heat exchanger; Alloy; Deposition (geology); Materials science; Metallurgy; Magnetite; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Geology; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.012555000741182484,"score_gpt":0.23079322634570268,"score_spread":0.2182382256045202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1607703210","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978149,0.0002453394,0.0009274323,0.000015383277,0.00000526366,0.000015263025,0.00014461999,0.000027457365,0.00080436945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973327,0.0001227929,0.0011396512,0.000016279111,0.000004879343,0.000019495477,0.0001664744,0.000015064621,0.0011827142],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998578,0.000013740262,0.000010756014,0.000031714542,0.00004612067,0.000039938404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997733,0.00008788837,0.000037775273,0.000027503176,0.00004855194,0.000024982817],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016173245,0.00017718488,0.0002464877,0.0001780311,0.00023108964,0.00025354285,0.00017438098,0.000175042,0.0010449587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034795929,0.0001338511,0.00021099728,0.00013955022,0.00019846292,0.00021800205,0.00021273212,0.0003329577,0.00024367226],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004209211,0.000006638575,0.00052297075,0.000020569905,0.0000029469177,0.000018394361,0.000051316132,0.000028288883,0.9986105,0.000010300487,0.000012391637,0.00067346793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000018419491,0.00015243888,0.017412437,0.000004009903,0.000006276944,0.00003757363,0.00004768064,0.00044123092,0.9816155,0.000014059333,0.00026284048,0.0000041598446],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026018324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027183443,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026018324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027984628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011933019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0051734447},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1650148501","doi":"10.1063/1.1483694","title":"Near-Field Impulse Effects From Detonation of Heterogeneous Explosives","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Detonation; Mechanics; Explosive material; Impulse (physics); Physics; Momentum (technical analysis); Cantilever; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Classical mechanics; Geology; Chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.015131854972509077,"score_gpt":0.21233321987380657,"score_spread":0.1972013649012975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1650148501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99813133,0.000076288015,0.0009204067,0.000010821976,0.0000044955173,0.000004399507,0.000009458938,0.00002226176,0.00082048494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993635,0.000071331284,0.00022723299,0.0000050972553,0.0000023622429,0.0000016417894,0.000020193998,0.0000043752875,0.00030425005],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998473,0.000009234185,0.000003146121,0.000013453727,0.00008705391,0.000039888575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996841,0.00015049039,0.000055853125,0.000018306122,0.000040094634,0.000051170195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015807149,0.00020263191,0.0002591024,0.00029646826,0.00024163057,0.00033802405,0.0001978668,0.00024686518,0.0012191324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007355202,0.0001510827,0.00013334586,0.00013686986,0.0005936909,0.0003051493,0.00053187355,0.00038514865,0.00010824054],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006407092,0.00008203779,0.0028486962,0.00007751213,0.000013550708,0.0006413862,0.00015523884,0.021797508,0.9623075,0.00091963576,0.00006509986,0.010451178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000081663435,0.0012225464,0.03006252,0.000015578356,0.00002460421,0.0004405528,0.00022268375,0.094339065,0.87214375,0.0006488911,0.000756386,0.0000417778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00068521214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005305606,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012191324,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037889718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012337552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004078388},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1671209010","doi":"10.1088/1367-2630/10/7/075017","title":"Turbulence, raindrops and the<i>l</i><sup>1/2</sup>number density law","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Journal of Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Turbulence; Scaling; Drop (telecommunication); Power law; Wavenumber; Thermodynamics; Statistics; Optics; Geometry","score_opus":0.010829450154611082,"score_gpt":0.20962265170387348,"score_spread":0.1987932015492624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1671209010","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.55396587,0.031372897,0.23497215,0.021430362,0.003939663,0.00009834746,0.00044691708,0.00093123317,0.15284258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96650577,0.004563038,0.0044264053,0.0011748426,0.0012557476,0.00003523971,0.000103460465,0.00010728853,0.021828264],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999866,0.000029089595,0.0000068094037,0.000029206345,0.00004141944,0.000027512915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939215,0.00026901925,0.0001394996,0.00003938777,0.00007170977,0.00008823019],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041070426,0.00038712184,0.00037546133,0.0007515738,0.0006232933,0.001587816,0.00056812924,0.0012681446,0.0027821418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020208769,0.00026048007,0.00031311007,0.0004382747,0.0023750744,0.0019661908,0.0007870342,0.0014119685,0.0004530792],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008457838,0.00008365722,0.0028722978,0.00012882368,0.000015365998,0.00038733275,0.0002369995,0.020012306,0.01004866,0.9455914,0.006885184,0.01365339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003547965,0.00008538606,0.005746353,0.00006702093,0.000013220027,0.0005890402,0.00021573137,0.15408947,0.003765696,0.8237319,0.011596877,0.00006375695],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026188253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014069363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027821418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00064056023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003963284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009307146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1774319997","doi":"","title":"Resistance functions for two unequal spheres in linear flow a t low Reynolds number with the Navier slip boundary condition","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Slip (aerodynamics); Reynolds number; Multipole expansion; SPHERES; Mathematics; Boundary value problem; Slip line field; Physics; Geometry; Classical mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Mechanics; Turbulence; Quantum mechanics; Condensed matter physics","score_opus":0.026755272373383723,"score_gpt":0.19344592459358928,"score_spread":0.16669065222020557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1774319997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6071209,0.001399516,0.35362616,0.0010936577,0.0002250157,0.00012918761,0.00013225083,0.0003909788,0.035882354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96668154,0.00057811575,0.019236127,0.00013013232,0.00009889772,0.00006746876,0.00015255358,0.00014505739,0.0129101835],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997354,0.00008140186,0.00001636691,0.000033910856,0.000065592125,0.00006738444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993461,0.00028788502,0.00012036216,0.000034087396,0.00010499496,0.000106658765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009971154,0.0008603201,0.00054710655,0.0017163018,0.0007889099,0.001102683,0.0008454883,0.0011471623,0.0021946086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025359073,0.00034191334,0.00071724906,0.00045079252,0.0018605473,0.0017860925,0.0012620515,0.00087441894,0.0004815999],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038816864,0.00020487398,0.0034542598,0.00025551443,0.00003750527,0.0011850686,0.0007611564,0.47787064,0.02027835,0.4657331,0.0038359968,0.025995461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014495904,0.000019480029,0.00055830623,0.000011414091,0.0000046708083,0.000096795105,0.00007698786,0.97590774,0.001608096,0.021066245,0.000613797,0.000021953469],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029378124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012561339,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029378124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00095744076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000639384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007341683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1796965081","doi":"10.1007/s11666-015-0317-0","title":"Finite Element Analysis and Failure Mode Characterization of Pyramidal Fin Arrays Produced by Masked Cold Gas Dynamic Spray","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Gas dynamic cold spray; Finite element method; Aluminium; Nickel; Dimple; Scanning electron microscope; Substrate (aquarium); Deposition (geology); Shear (geology); Fin; Impact crater; Metallurgy; Structural engineering; Coating","score_opus":0.005588631510000346,"score_gpt":0.21688603189163996,"score_spread":0.2112974003816396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1796965081","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700514,0.0000863402,0.02699504,0.00005067152,0.000016563712,0.000016021308,0.00026001543,0.00024243313,0.002281493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933518,0.000024678087,0.005477058,0.0000072931384,0.0000013853896,0.000011539746,0.000094699,0.0000128146485,0.00101862],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987674,0.000007191349,0.0000059223185,0.000025460753,0.000064899104,0.0000197664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999757,0.00007432113,0.00004206306,0.00003695141,0.00007675921,0.000012909226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017651693,0.0002483764,0.00023555319,0.00027922637,0.00021061038,0.00022351247,0.0004392312,0.0005150256,0.0016192333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034587667,0.000224073,0.00026637068,0.00017461776,0.0003603342,0.00020733141,0.00019939442,0.00017376685,0.00021808398],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003088047,0.000074015436,0.008106226,0.00015827183,0.000036505317,0.00031019133,0.00024927285,0.25150487,0.7185998,0.0010496605,0.0005476054,0.019054752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012386683,0.00040946403,0.017271902,0.000014164127,0.000020263764,0.00016853643,0.00019122502,0.8116159,0.16903733,0.00024329727,0.0009808972,0.000034575016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001898301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027983936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001898301,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025550582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033239028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054168105},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1831737703","doi":"10.1109/icmens.2005.106","title":"Role of Patterned Surface Charge Heterogeneity on Particle Deposition","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Particle deposition; Stagnation point; Dimensionless quantity; Substrate (aquarium); Materials science; Mechanics; Surface charge; Chemical physics; Molecular physics; Chemistry; Physics; Turbulence; Heat transfer; Geology","score_opus":0.006578682075353603,"score_gpt":0.20429232908993827,"score_spread":0.19771364701458466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1831737703","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9681777,0.00017808052,0.029648814,0.000045474775,0.000011607459,0.000020166846,0.000031330546,0.000062439336,0.0018243681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99660945,0.00008719032,0.0028863912,0.0000068724858,0.0000021412097,0.000008180487,0.00001797384,0.000006619424,0.0003752646],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999018,0.000013332223,0.0000053800773,0.000020729201,0.00003235252,0.00002648273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979216,0.00012282601,0.00003139508,0.000018190416,0.000021184022,0.000014269585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020156629,0.00025601304,0.00031652563,0.00022020246,0.00022285788,0.0005607097,0.000246374,0.00036685474,0.0004267018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005372477,0.00016304519,0.00018640964,0.00015411203,0.00041936195,0.0003507404,0.00026494014,0.00020350263,0.00006680527],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013689572,0.00008259415,0.004401329,0.00008462349,0.000020716116,0.00041603655,0.00010942929,0.38669488,0.5938611,0.0031867798,0.00006413328,0.010941414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009413657,0.0000816926,0.0029997136,0.0000045976303,0.000008365266,0.0000766578,0.000035620982,0.9181602,0.07803975,0.0003294121,0.00024163457,0.000012970124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017399564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013056067,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017399564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004522456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003806658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003459692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1852637228","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-15-0203.1","title":"Cloud Droplet Collisions in Turbulent Environment: Collision Statistics and Parameterization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; McGill University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Collision; Physics; Statistical physics; Direct numerical simulation; Reynolds number; Taylor microscale; Adiabatic process; Range (aeronautics); Computational physics; Mechanics; Computer science; Aerospace engineering","score_opus":0.01848953525792161,"score_gpt":0.23195474630291704,"score_spread":0.21346521104499544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1852637228","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90766066,0.000106715226,0.09130711,0.000029768917,0.000008052411,0.000028768452,0.0001043928,0.00014498593,0.0006096439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948544,0.000021318012,0.004981972,0.0000025229178,0.0000019452364,0.00000909076,0.00005708577,0.000013593162,0.000058203583],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997148,0.000068431254,0.000026985539,0.000054636257,0.00009979409,0.000035449535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99815303,0.0010483348,0.00032170472,0.00023403224,0.00019024925,0.000052521213],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00076523103,0.00031489454,0.00033808465,0.0006430727,0.00026400443,0.00065674237,0.0005314532,0.00033894664,0.00029076397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004307569,0.00016450984,0.00024213355,0.0007867598,0.00045053908,0.00086699903,0.00044317622,0.00034006554,0.000059517348],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011962971,0.00006914055,0.018510899,0.000021790387,0.000021546462,0.000076800316,0.000037532038,0.9609623,0.010521844,0.0029871014,0.00006341004,0.0066079604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000030382123,0.000010388432,0.0016098422,0.0000010001204,0.0000019570841,0.000012976985,0.0000044605836,0.99458224,0.003514435,0.00022484844,0.00002935107,0.000005371114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034560843,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014343413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034560843,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006398473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044457996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0068719387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1876453471","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2013-0028","title":"Linear analysis of the stability of particle-laden stratified shear layers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Wavenumber; Stratified flows; Shear flow; Mechanics; Linear stability; Inviscid flow; Stratified flow; Stratification (seeds); Boundary layer; Mathematical analysis; Classical mechanics; Instability; Turbulence; Mathematics; Optics","score_opus":0.018662542320498233,"score_gpt":0.21296095282320476,"score_spread":0.19429841050270652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1876453471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8257889,0.0002652052,0.170803,0.00010670979,0.000014026063,0.000041320618,0.000060107555,0.00012897635,0.0027918522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950193,0.00006424032,0.0035447404,0.0000098851515,0.0000044979815,0.000017695866,0.00003291715,0.000013045464,0.0012936794],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998785,0.000029234494,0.000006433656,0.00002193452,0.00003948752,0.000024348561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958915,0.00016489066,0.00008540451,0.000017851618,0.00011794423,0.000024741277],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034816717,0.0003628112,0.00020599917,0.0005496269,0.00029424008,0.0005595802,0.00032699862,0.0003318998,0.000733849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009701008,0.00017366167,0.00043505913,0.00016192487,0.0006333089,0.00040267673,0.0004906263,0.00029280558,0.00012951321],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030865724,0.00007763746,0.013708854,0.00017247735,0.00012116182,0.00042108612,0.0004792212,0.77939856,0.16824867,0.01883042,0.00029820576,0.0179351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002523301,0.000018452673,0.00083621684,0.0000017385333,0.000003315533,0.000007274377,0.000016244221,0.99609536,0.0024575645,0.0005089633,0.00004796824,0.000004449444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047555924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015814276,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0047555924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048063614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005180869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0094558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1936061803","doi":"10.5194/acp-16-9273-2016","title":"Theoretical analysis of mixing in liquid clouds – Part 3: Inhomogeneousmixing","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Office of Science; Israel Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Volume (thermodynamics); Thermodynamics; Evaporation; Chemistry; Mechanics; Homogeneous; Dispersion (optics); Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.004560852117697422,"score_gpt":0.20048784102540385,"score_spread":0.19592698890770643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1936061803","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19532044,0.0025563277,0.7764473,0.0010570809,0.00013863292,0.00010834836,0.00014166968,0.00015529232,0.024074858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753268,0.0008246418,0.016192805,0.00013585616,0.00013719658,0.000095297844,0.000087998196,0.00007327989,0.007126152],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997205,0.00009133339,0.000010117203,0.000036510384,0.00007971484,0.00006179826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926037,0.0004103422,0.00013786148,0.000043064538,0.0000888985,0.00005958053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00089022674,0.0007589032,0.00066559354,0.0009026466,0.0006731154,0.0009026927,0.0013471491,0.00090215605,0.0019637453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017693471,0.0003804559,0.0011434268,0.0004669384,0.0011661868,0.0015213058,0.0011549043,0.000802929,0.00018274694],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000048572347,0.00003602441,0.0008858239,0.00013655855,0.00003962821,0.00028287884,0.00009704585,0.6451241,0.0056316494,0.34363952,0.0005203918,0.0035578983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000312745,0.0000056998924,0.000091949856,0.0000027905287,0.0000036790955,0.000014839685,0.0000033945012,0.9875079,0.0002425478,0.011923778,0.0001969385,0.00000330723],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034070509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013792318,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034070509,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015226086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006026211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011047423},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1937527292","doi":"10.1002/2015ja021060","title":"The influence of different turbulence models on the diffusion coefficients of energetic particles","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Rigidity (electromagnetism); Isotropy; Slab; Magnetohydrodynamic drive; Nonlinear system; Perpendicular; K-epsilon turbulence model","score_opus":0.05811859436992959,"score_gpt":0.312962913332912,"score_spread":0.2548443189629824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1937527292","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955794,0.00007612535,0.003098617,0.000098840734,0.000015964837,0.000011021419,0.000081210484,0.0000691571,0.00096956396],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989543,0.000026472324,0.0008504822,0.000009484702,0.000003016045,0.000007804068,0.000044306424,0.000021068534,0.00008311489],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99957913,0.00015286024,0.000035279107,0.000037945672,0.000100790494,0.00009399833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961578,0.002493808,0.00036905656,0.00033525677,0.0004234758,0.00022056169],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008981935,0.00084052887,0.0008369854,0.0008879877,0.0007360479,0.0015762352,0.0009382376,0.0008537796,0.000589577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0062784436,0.00036509737,0.0007697858,0.000773598,0.001241328,0.0009155545,0.00079923664,0.0008589407,0.00007068509],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038063436,0.0001309919,0.011444281,0.000060956634,0.0000709418,0.00024268265,0.00008760328,0.9689313,0.013353084,0.0034426134,0.00018328502,0.0016716111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028199685,0.00006658256,0.0011881731,0.0000058945766,0.000016230746,0.00001709238,0.000023040882,0.9925581,0.0057707974,0.00026198666,0.00004587049,0.00001800772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015727311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060040476,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015727311,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00094788586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008374617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031271517},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1953184950","doi":"10.5194/acp-16-9235-2016","title":"Theoretical study of mixing in liquid clouds – Part 1: Classical concepts","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Israel Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Transport Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Homogeneous; Adiabatic process; Statistical physics; Mixing patterns; Convection; Mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.006647498201002445,"score_gpt":0.23034860807613905,"score_spread":0.2237011098751366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1953184950","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.12184949,0.0053479634,0.8437542,0.0007381431,0.00021139153,0.00006080532,0.00011748241,0.00009219541,0.027828405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9461016,0.0022643798,0.04380818,0.00019198436,0.0004051567,0.00013206915,0.00008406635,0.00004870373,0.006963891],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99972886,0.00009904107,0.0000081689095,0.000034427507,0.00009316346,0.000036291156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957293,0.00022098862,0.00006600172,0.000028056109,0.0000781725,0.00003381135],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009825223,0.00062562985,0.0005569915,0.0012262622,0.0006632509,0.00096292334,0.0010884253,0.0006891352,0.0023039347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013633735,0.00023993815,0.00072453986,0.00069656584,0.0018160975,0.0018186624,0.00095999835,0.00094065565,0.00023752112],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024654148,0.000045327022,0.00067943736,0.00018873782,0.000027156571,0.00012991605,0.00014692708,0.11596577,0.0037925278,0.8722819,0.00040318363,0.006314442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007192803,0.000026456897,0.00033874594,0.000014933071,0.0000065035124,0.000044845616,0.000022915256,0.83183473,0.0007662993,0.16574764,0.0011784896,0.000011376787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001926875,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065206975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023039347,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012444711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005814354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009029329},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1957800477","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22365","title":"Experimental study of an inert isothermal air carbon dioxide jet with and without a second phase","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Jet (fluid); Nozzle; Entrainment (biomusicology); Mechanics; Materials science; RADIUS; Isothermal process; Propane; Air entrainment; Chemistry; Flow visualization; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.011583826479575829,"score_gpt":0.2254466621663916,"score_spread":0.21386283568681574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1957800477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965473,0.00022191495,0.0018323181,0.00003245519,0.00004760578,0.000060188468,0.00011374989,0.00007032431,0.0010741948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944243,0.00020110671,0.0040542893,0.00003352635,0.00003536273,0.00006120991,0.00016769364,0.000047184643,0.0009753385],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931514,0.000056242727,0.000037861053,0.00015121287,0.00029962114,0.00013987545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990958,0.0003701051,0.00011449271,0.00009987679,0.00021189496,0.000107840344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056454906,0.00053667114,0.0006406741,0.00041685536,0.0010236582,0.0006196115,0.0007135063,0.0007176627,0.0014860592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009911252,0.0003434311,0.00028969647,0.00048549793,0.0006954859,0.00053739443,0.0005157519,0.0007362093,0.00021057946],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044078342,0.00018638438,0.0004106522,0.00009105488,0.000007402324,0.00016562216,0.00014411584,0.0003129688,0.9961731,0.00016825229,0.000075533666,0.0018240907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001346671,0.0019524532,0.0040791095,0.000011073712,0.000021885275,0.0001410492,0.000081919534,0.0038081575,0.98824584,0.00004563811,0.0014451421,0.000033123808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027297346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014402755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027297346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006233509,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047710424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054276586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964009667","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.249","title":"An Experiment on the Surface Stability of a Liquid Bridge","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Vibration; Materials science; Bridge (graph theory); Silicone oil; Tapping; Oscillation (cell signaling); Coaxial; Composite material; Isothermal process; Structural engineering; Engineering; Acoustics; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.09769711322483453,"score_gpt":0.3918073850994589,"score_spread":0.29411027187462435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964009667","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980704,0.00007276886,0.0012529396,0.00003364033,0.000018832005,0.000009338054,0.000022609118,0.000020822597,0.00049858296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985197,0.000032387303,0.0007450735,0.000027907512,0.00000843133,0.000012233084,0.00003565652,0.000009509942,0.0006090785],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966466,0.000040616447,0.000012606361,0.00007738212,0.00012143028,0.000083233426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945384,0.00023422975,0.00004505844,0.00007194045,0.00011030716,0.00008459068],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003137687,0.00027121382,0.00043906103,0.00023791163,0.00039416997,0.00031072422,0.0005195024,0.000850436,0.0029537797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000814662,0.00019310525,0.00022293846,0.00017294055,0.00050256064,0.00046566292,0.00071368925,0.00062710437,0.00027328308],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001813315,0.00003430996,0.0001954683,0.000020742595,0.0000040095283,0.00005948169,0.000083834886,0.00015236232,0.99787676,0.00008565837,0.00003254386,0.0012734275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000095883384,0.002876182,0.0051837624,0.000013263257,0.00001856844,0.00013037553,0.00019080893,0.012090923,0.97838426,0.00013639804,0.00086131267,0.000018320634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00027498978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020450166,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029537797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020863468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014955293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009881318},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964187075","doi":"10.1080/00218460108029608","title":"Thermophoretic Control of Submicron-sized Particulate Recontamination","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Adhesion","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Thermophoresis; Particulates; Materials science; Laminar flow; Laser; Thermal; Substrate (aquarium); Temperature gradient; Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Nanoparticle; Optics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Meteorology","score_opus":0.008004503866135678,"score_gpt":0.20994883264217834,"score_spread":0.20194432877604265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964187075","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9722358,0.0012088531,0.023868153,0.00008384121,0.00008615025,0.000030554293,0.000067296125,0.00030177727,0.0021175868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98836017,0.00035472692,0.008683765,0.00003275175,0.000015840036,0.00001875328,0.000033664346,0.000028208877,0.002472233],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990046,0.000010189095,0.0000054433326,0.000025789512,0.000038388425,0.000019720455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998041,0.0000792231,0.000051722727,0.000019455343,0.000027295086,0.000018212748],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014313124,0.0001813126,0.00017698157,0.00013800529,0.00015136316,0.00031670762,0.0002121953,0.00016696643,0.00071168767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024208968,0.000107370965,0.00007571896,0.00008881823,0.0003074428,0.00016312215,0.00018035944,0.00023942489,0.00019361777],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026141146,0.000007621486,0.00005189183,0.000014974193,9.676797e-7,0.00001734979,0.00001705704,0.00007384382,0.99755126,0.00013696891,0.000043418902,0.0020584806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000061557107,0.000039192782,0.0004956828,0.0000015709079,0.0000017626772,0.000039550836,0.000007728122,0.0019576862,0.9963946,0.00003752023,0.0010157678,0.0000027757978],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026580621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000491712,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00071168767,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019472343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001333114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023807883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964205861","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2005-77011","title":"Effect of Particulate Diffusion on the Free Turbulent Flow Based on Two-Fluid","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Turbulence; Turbulent diffusion; Drag; Finite volume method; Particle (ecology); Diffusion; Thermal diffusivity; Materials science; Turbulence modeling; Mixing (physics); Flow (mathematics); Viscosity; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.005452747680268112,"score_gpt":0.2145703107670589,"score_spread":0.2091175630867908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1964205861","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8471495,0.00082430796,0.14893746,0.0002618103,0.00009849763,0.00002803418,0.000034366283,0.00037118135,0.0022948761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926036,0.00027132424,0.006459271,0.00001965856,0.000008124879,0.0000073455108,0.0000232268,0.000023555045,0.0005839852],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980754,0.000057125944,0.000010305805,0.000038732756,0.00006748173,0.000018861201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996062,0.00023567899,0.00005822332,0.000029656165,0.00004038627,0.00002981881],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003653573,0.0005772381,0.00050644955,0.00038139225,0.0003443471,0.0006750173,0.00037689344,0.0005028059,0.0004892435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00090512214,0.00022187075,0.0005943629,0.00018509652,0.0006583049,0.0010743405,0.00056919025,0.00038468558,0.00009368432],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000785451,0.00017784277,0.0050066775,0.0003471705,0.000080997626,0.0005452908,0.0002880594,0.58999974,0.3472718,0.02913939,0.00031381968,0.026043758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000055738485,0.00010142435,0.0009320763,0.000007210094,0.000022665952,0.00007279346,0.000014479312,0.9575232,0.039830312,0.0008986441,0.00051426474,0.000027101372],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033889362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010691156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033889362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00065837515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004599587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0067384243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1966026205","doi":"10.1115/1.4026282","title":"Implementation of Two-Fluid Model for Dilute Gas-Solid Flow in Pipes With Rough Walls","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Reynolds stress; Turbulence modeling; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Two-phase flow; Surface finish; Two-fluid model; Reynolds number; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geology; Composite material","score_opus":0.00945987962989334,"score_gpt":0.2512306411839361,"score_spread":0.24177076155404278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1966026205","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3005132,0.00026407064,0.6874926,0.0002866274,0.00012287957,0.00027101926,0.00037536226,0.0010871285,0.00958709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8601116,0.00019832951,0.13458861,0.00003959277,0.000019508243,0.00033460977,0.00025118442,0.00007689194,0.0043796687],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983466,0.000039860126,0.000013528681,0.000028256814,0.000057984194,0.000025631043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996797,0.00012900506,0.00004738274,0.000043594657,0.00007218655,0.000028088876],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035455835,0.00065426464,0.00088132144,0.0003690302,0.00056438765,0.0007820864,0.0012068506,0.0014962765,0.0016570662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00082595384,0.00038718904,0.0007920593,0.00031057882,0.00045781143,0.0006998665,0.00061547273,0.0008144043,0.00025444324],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000036325255,0.00004040143,0.000668017,0.00003567951,0.000006797641,0.00008692313,0.000037643553,0.98812395,0.005222005,0.0033319728,0.00009042663,0.0023199958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000063390726,0.000013927997,0.00006962127,0.0000016810814,0.0000013064634,0.000005748878,0.0000031712523,0.99912935,0.00043792342,0.00019411376,0.0001331266,0.000003674236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009869943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041143736,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009869943,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006364872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011416299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019624949},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968874704","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780108","title":"The fouling of alloy‐800 heat exchange surfaces by magnetite particles","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Fouling; Magnetite; Alloy; Materials science; Heat exchanger; Metallurgy; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Membrane; Magnetic nanoparticles; Nanoparticle","score_opus":0.005648170239722032,"score_gpt":0.17248307226088058,"score_spread":0.16683490202115855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1968874704","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99866986,0.00015848842,0.00060963293,0.000017821278,0.000006543638,0.00000446354,0.000020713063,0.000012187085,0.00050020317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981729,0.00009070767,0.0006006004,0.000012012224,0.000003896252,0.000004078255,0.000052466236,0.000008215706,0.0010550766],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989486,0.000013873632,0.000004220994,0.000014752512,0.000044409637,0.000027852053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999026,0.000035795572,0.000016012847,0.000008292087,0.000025723051,0.000011533941],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015131943,0.0001865115,0.00023022643,0.00014325469,0.00029735625,0.00042414403,0.00018061604,0.00023610023,0.0004406046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030229852,0.00011896594,0.00017597094,0.0000712103,0.00020344037,0.00018024907,0.0001535911,0.00015749602,0.00018464771],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068259425,0.000007140109,0.00034636015,0.00001600089,0.000003672274,0.000024838053,0.000026878015,0.00019541282,0.99805695,0.000058139234,0.000026177382,0.001170106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005301292,0.000087676824,0.0023288634,0.0000018076291,0.000004723037,0.000030524956,0.000023583474,0.0019931418,0.99507046,0.000020177999,0.00043034903,0.000003348563],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032751847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020865728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032751847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005350169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019548579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0065122247},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969766377","doi":"10.1088/0022-3727/33/17/310","title":"Particle turbulent dispersion and loading effects in an inductively coupled radio frequency plasma","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics D Applied Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Dispersion (optics); Turbulence; Momentum (technical analysis); Plasma; Physics; Inductively coupled plasma; Momentum transfer; Atomic physics; Mechanics; Computational physics; Materials science; Nuclear physics; Scattering; Optics","score_opus":0.009249248591741715,"score_gpt":0.21496466737875755,"score_spread":0.20571541878701582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1969766377","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689719,0.00022635504,0.025504008,0.00013120155,0.000031099415,0.000043877037,0.000038242208,0.0001621927,0.004891158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966719,0.00009329084,0.002424149,0.000013591943,0.000009327834,0.000016475262,0.00002344324,0.000022591526,0.00072522345],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998072,0.00004762537,0.00000784086,0.000019259023,0.00007954571,0.00003854489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992304,0.0005161549,0.000107305976,0.000028410566,0.0000714696,0.000046250378],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003896228,0.0004803769,0.00042328794,0.0003103524,0.00057127106,0.0007517529,0.00034761266,0.0006580072,0.00043303685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017874739,0.00029406985,0.00044948896,0.00030473733,0.0011009728,0.00055311964,0.00055869634,0.0004354143,0.000092789014],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004136116,0.0000967263,0.0034325907,0.00011489809,0.000038968712,0.00042321987,0.00026747183,0.9106376,0.07294353,0.006302609,0.00020601318,0.005122756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000051302803,0.00013572302,0.0015626117,0.0000054451084,0.00001501564,0.00004767612,0.000038516624,0.9832181,0.013918875,0.0007699656,0.00021627152,0.000020574527],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057201847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017094372,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0057201847,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085355836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000529993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011373818},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971174407","doi":"10.1080/10618560600596924","title":"A mathematical model of turbulence modulation in particle-laden pipe flows","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of computational fluid dynamics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Eulerian path; Mechanics; K-epsilon turbulence model; K-omega turbulence model; Physics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Statistical physics; Particle (ecology); Work (physics); Coupling (piping); Turbulence modeling; Classical mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Lagrangian; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Theoretical physics; Geology","score_opus":0.009475223632657832,"score_gpt":0.23953484822530144,"score_spread":0.23005962459264362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971174407","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05499758,0.0007112815,0.93179715,0.00057816214,0.00011762864,0.000107069514,0.00012741111,0.00017646853,0.011387305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90217036,0.0014721444,0.080312,0.00022461812,0.00019359951,0.00042382334,0.00017604372,0.00007272628,0.014954763],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998192,0.000036625803,0.000010739014,0.000032939388,0.00007874163,0.00002168867],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998474,0.0000567201,0.000041841366,0.000013987849,0.000026512978,0.000013617796],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003638959,0.000654375,0.00058353954,0.00045625414,0.00047281836,0.00085036195,0.0012663564,0.0014650682,0.00095357624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00081467634,0.00035143073,0.00070312666,0.00049297494,0.0010549974,0.00149755,0.0006511568,0.0009799117,0.0003316218],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030507976,0.00004511285,0.0003983696,0.00008134769,0.000009770304,0.0002461978,0.00010561626,0.7808657,0.011065391,0.2017191,0.0005568954,0.0048758443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008096982,0.00002228711,0.00008102432,0.0000031994014,0.0000031528766,0.000029012755,0.000004342641,0.99169296,0.00047091435,0.0070129777,0.000666161,0.0000058043393],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017794007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00055085885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017794007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006702055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068633497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0048627257},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971412048","doi":"10.1007/bf03325991","title":"Modeling study of the effects of the coagulation kernel with van der Waals forces and turbulence on the particle size distribution","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Coagulation; van der Waals force; Kernel (algebra); Turbulence; Particle-size distribution; Brownian motion; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Chemistry; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematics; Physical chemistry; Quantum mechanics; Geology; Medicine; Molecule; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.0036053695814974897,"score_gpt":0.20591894416478837,"score_spread":0.20231357458329088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971412048","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9269802,0.00051312085,0.06427052,0.00036800612,0.000065989494,0.000044838565,0.000095028314,0.0001704062,0.0074920477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966176,0.00012135468,0.0019854053,0.0000113893875,0.000013279909,0.00001034109,0.00003087677,0.000021158707,0.001188679],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998841,0.000023030098,0.0000051275574,0.000020524612,0.000032437372,0.000034777622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993315,0.00036646586,0.000079815014,0.00003893373,0.00012719989,0.000056081357],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031339974,0.00046627168,0.00062376243,0.00038373435,0.0005020129,0.0006088809,0.0008239155,0.0009631971,0.00064541574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011453928,0.00026917155,0.0007040687,0.0003280603,0.000398556,0.00077266886,0.00031306528,0.0004132643,0.00010344069],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006552308,0.00008955004,0.0019765769,0.00003473095,0.000028408982,0.00020039052,0.00005559382,0.9743901,0.014402748,0.0057974914,0.00029002625,0.0026688916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000032822404,0.0000062678537,0.00023874959,5.113456e-7,0.0000032139894,0.000009254634,0.0000029894602,0.99883467,0.00068571157,0.0001606559,0.00005178599,0.0000028678598],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012508009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040350007,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012508009,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070297153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00089448615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024870396},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971442415","doi":"10.1063/1.3272711","title":"Clustering criterion for inertial particles in two-dimensional time-periodic and three-dimensional steady flows","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Inertial frame of reference; Cluster analysis; Physics; Classical mechanics; Vortex; Flow (mathematics); Torus; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Cluster (spacecraft); Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Geometry; Computer science","score_opus":0.015435921481017122,"score_gpt":0.3123715648959633,"score_spread":0.29693564341494616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1971442415","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.793386,0.00025998222,0.19495502,0.00027971895,0.000027510772,0.00005608714,0.00012840274,0.00018133923,0.010725904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98805326,0.000059177975,0.0108465245,0.000020066127,0.000017355056,0.00003128582,0.000079984835,0.000024031404,0.0008684396],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984694,0.000022964694,0.000010755959,0.000028128348,0.000058042944,0.00003323328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990922,0.00021020633,0.00019705652,0.000048439437,0.00029359432,0.00015843587],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045522174,0.0002362536,0.0004062767,0.0015684719,0.0009415164,0.00084192085,0.0007023019,0.0005671957,0.0007426692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019889248,0.00018299316,0.00026066217,0.00042541596,0.0011129391,0.00068759586,0.0007165157,0.00028418258,0.00019144316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020481566,0.00009593911,0.013598558,0.00011998499,0.00004669407,0.00066536095,0.0007972841,0.41499868,0.047185503,0.5028095,0.0031663247,0.016311182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013135217,0.000031062977,0.003937936,0.000010364921,0.000006456271,0.00007704499,0.00009102132,0.96565706,0.00336981,0.02623592,0.0005351988,0.00003496217],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00380306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016653554,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00380306,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012567868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005956582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009118736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972787665","doi":"10.1007/bf02908160","title":"Effect of fibers on the flow property of turbulent fiber suspensions in a contraction","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fibers and Polymers","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Materials science; Mechanics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Reynolds stress; Drag; Reynolds number; Dissipation; Contraction (grammar); Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.006232956459660074,"score_gpt":0.22115582039590032,"score_spread":0.21492286393624024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1972787665","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99900144,0.00011389471,0.00046867793,0.000014050894,0.000005871131,0.0000025812378,0.000013006372,0.0000068457434,0.00037364158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990159,0.00009866097,0.00042084407,0.00001244222,0.0000058056817,0.0000035613307,0.00003068489,0.000011180877,0.00040088364],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998356,0.000037927184,0.000010641034,0.000040673556,0.000026642285,0.00004843398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992756,0.00036157982,0.00009711383,0.00003574912,0.00007568362,0.00015432804],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003703331,0.00026102504,0.00024695747,0.00020945928,0.00051470386,0.0005664485,0.00014857686,0.00021017366,0.0011952161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00077315315,0.0001638189,0.00019570885,0.00016157169,0.0005470878,0.0005431315,0.00024426728,0.00037721643,0.000116054944],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019936773,0.00012468033,0.0016376313,0.000032591037,0.000013506966,0.00008652876,0.00011080313,0.0014383956,0.9913896,0.0001862951,0.000037558268,0.0029488865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025284031,0.0006508123,0.00690734,0.0000067706396,0.000023515266,0.000039449373,0.00006521853,0.0096573075,0.98213804,0.00006428701,0.00040837305,0.000013560787],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014877128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010192057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014877128,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024442756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000277441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003998399},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973064768","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780606","title":"Deposition of magnetite particles from flowing suspensions under flow‐boiling and single‐phase forced‐convective heat transfer","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Particle deposition; Laminar flow; Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Boiling; Turbulence; Chemistry; Heat transfer; Mass transfer; Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Chemical engineering; Chromatography","score_opus":0.008829421267994991,"score_gpt":0.18759622097813955,"score_spread":0.17876679971014456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973064768","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956703,0.0005373151,0.002773512,0.000036984726,0.0000308556,0.000022184538,0.00013638404,0.00006494507,0.00072742975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99004644,0.0005328104,0.006751964,0.000029939078,0.000026849631,0.00003246396,0.00033977776,0.000066015855,0.002173794],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99973387,0.000023421126,0.000018886378,0.00005966643,0.00010166962,0.0000625046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945694,0.00026644964,0.00007955949,0.000041265906,0.000100633726,0.00005510972],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048089115,0.00038906903,0.0005924767,0.00029270037,0.0003224153,0.00071126997,0.0003333204,0.00036353065,0.00065597607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00077195687,0.00026692185,0.0003831482,0.0001987413,0.00027295836,0.00034381438,0.00023383198,0.00057805947,0.00017517306],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030348489,0.000007821985,0.000063149215,0.000020553778,0.0000028688287,0.000008517448,0.000018729892,0.00005842398,0.999275,0.000015662012,0.000011499735,0.00048742516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008250356,0.000065921544,0.0009175622,0.0000027648941,0.0000060380935,0.000010224887,0.000009763254,0.0013388956,0.99748504,0.000009422347,0.00014202653,0.000004070501],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038401482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004108357,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0038401482,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066516903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037802602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0076355934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973299417","doi":"10.1139/s04-049","title":"Dispersion of heavy particles in an isolated pancake-like vortex","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Vortex; Dispersion (optics); Physics; Flocculation; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Burgers vortex; Vortex tube; Vorticity; Materials science; Optics; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.004877614196010103,"score_gpt":0.18843648818202768,"score_spread":0.18355887398601758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1973299417","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99146956,0.00007527186,0.007967129,0.000013075712,0.0000061821333,0.000010581534,0.00001425405,0.000017045295,0.00042695753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99404496,0.000045299803,0.0053525623,0.000012464399,0.000005765747,0.000008353577,0.000040395436,0.000006562191,0.00048376826],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990535,0.000012286669,0.000004659746,0.00002819977,0.000026658478,0.000022748533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996754,0.000096575604,0.000109215856,0.000022816317,0.00005318062,0.000042958156],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018325838,0.000218064,0.0002879479,0.00042176683,0.00033303548,0.00055755046,0.00018890748,0.00032823547,0.00033181376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052781537,0.00015620264,0.00016086931,0.00021200681,0.0005214404,0.00056280295,0.0003086831,0.000247964,0.00010244824],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047612394,0.00020181124,0.019943235,0.000090470145,0.000042699874,0.00074325624,0.00037741347,0.08303097,0.8777923,0.0044069123,0.00020905388,0.012685778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009757579,0.00087564986,0.01806438,0.000015709309,0.000029645149,0.0005193841,0.00024599192,0.7069504,0.26894957,0.0029565066,0.0012468172,0.0000483337],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007770827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045993857,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007770827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024929908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021701552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018087626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974149058","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2008-55017","title":"Development of Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for the Investigation of Unsteady Flows","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Particle tracking velocimetry; Velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Tracking (education); Planar; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Computer science; Geology; Turbulence; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.05145781590887403,"score_gpt":0.23947297726477046,"score_spread":0.18801516135589644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974149058","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.003933355,0.00084200315,0.99347913,0.00012895843,0.000091224676,0.0000803363,0.00004610449,0.0005220585,0.0008768249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0364483,0.0021238879,0.9599943,0.00008569395,0.00004172441,0.00030854574,0.00009993247,0.00008602689,0.000811593],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988342,0.00020794253,0.000080942526,0.00017020319,0.00065306685,0.00005364115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974031,0.0010463125,0.00020272487,0.00034091386,0.00090792874,0.00009904247],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030881134,0.0006930672,0.0011284519,0.0015896495,0.0006601127,0.0015153396,0.0017498261,0.0015453671,0.00080592383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0039747213,0.0010179218,0.0007203371,0.0010869633,0.001217757,0.0016074415,0.0012696662,0.0022843732,0.0006509384],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009852184,0.00018834604,0.0029582866,0.0006211328,0.000065949804,0.00029309306,0.00045316224,0.06786136,0.44890997,0.11457392,0.0034380553,0.36053818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004319666,0.00026251722,0.0026342156,0.00022619081,0.000056958284,0.00054835965,0.0000597236,0.62725693,0.2853873,0.019825438,0.06341512,0.00028408805],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022648221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016324181,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0030881134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010101752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002219337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016331732},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974266808","doi":"10.1007/s11665-008-9265-x","title":"Fine and Ultrafine Particle Characterization and Modeling in High-Speed Milling of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Scanning mobility particle sizer; Micrometer; Particle (ecology); Alloy; Ultrafine particle; Aluminium; Composite material; Nanoparticle; Deformation (meteorology); Particle size; Machining; Spectrometer; Metallurgy; Particle-size distribution; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.014805232881163834,"score_gpt":0.1878550755829069,"score_spread":0.17304984270174306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1974266808","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755328,0.00010792283,0.02369006,0.000022819704,0.000008929008,0.000009363438,0.00002643318,0.00007484285,0.0005268017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976745,0.000020631867,0.002010749,0.0000027371218,0.0000016040486,0.0000031939858,0.000022196888,0.000008245663,0.0002561747],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998745,0.0000142582185,0.000007937627,0.000032350526,0.00005509222,0.000015803946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996971,0.00014387179,0.000045073706,0.00003434453,0.00006596121,0.000013824692],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029725366,0.000203956,0.00030794382,0.00032845838,0.00037407494,0.0005689635,0.000305825,0.0004982563,0.00033662945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005516504,0.00020794674,0.00027752115,0.0001771359,0.00030047479,0.0005693761,0.000131761,0.00021857067,0.00008516553],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007952873,0.00021261723,0.015651818,0.00011380927,0.000031315674,0.00025529595,0.00037827663,0.27170163,0.666985,0.0015869399,0.00031679828,0.04197132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012267506,0.00014115214,0.013749612,0.000002181581,0.0000091095435,0.000055513698,0.000060182134,0.8475655,0.13767624,0.000357251,0.00035493667,0.000016084952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026220393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025689185,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026220393,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004576083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021402036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0052136183},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976191655","doi":"10.1007/bf02945983","title":"Simulation of particle agglomeration and fragmentation in a low gravity environment","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microgravity Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Economies of agglomeration; Fragmentation (computing); Aerosol; Cluster (spacecraft); Particle number; Particle (ecology); Computational physics; Statistical physics; Volume (thermodynamics); Physics; Computer science; Meteorology; Statistics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.005094195355198059,"score_gpt":0.22567656520654827,"score_spread":0.2205823698513502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976191655","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817616,0.000117976866,0.010006286,0.0003201126,0.000045689158,0.00004289783,0.00020445825,0.00020587248,0.007295115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942984,0.00004984078,0.004086145,0.000050016002,0.000009948137,0.0000296235,0.00013112738,0.000043669028,0.0013012413],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983644,0.00003394959,0.000006246128,0.000026921316,0.00003308793,0.00006327834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988587,0.00067230774,0.000098690514,0.0000545801,0.00010410245,0.00021167564],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032776172,0.00054464705,0.00089048163,0.0006368303,0.0013157342,0.0010528859,0.0012495928,0.0020229348,0.0027533874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015685114,0.000553239,0.00077760493,0.00062488555,0.0013974494,0.0007358999,0.0008756838,0.0009586366,0.00018101101],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000099333505,0.000085377564,0.00177826,0.000016396338,0.000021189924,0.00010262724,0.00005290627,0.9948531,0.0011308613,0.0008237177,0.00019759951,0.0008386706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021137823,0.000023710381,0.00043941315,0.0000012575478,0.000003532282,0.000009923541,0.000019515535,0.99895215,0.00028366016,0.00016711693,0.00007419001,0.0000043095024],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02983029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01382782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02983029,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013014115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011959284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.059313297},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976259874","doi":"10.4319/lom.2006.4.329","title":"Particle tracking in a salinity gradient: A method for measuring sinking rate of individual phytoplankton in the laboratory","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Methods","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Settling; Phytoplankton; Oceanography; Particle (ecology); Population; Salinity; Environmental science; Particle size; Tracking (education); Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Biology; Physics; Geology; Environmental engineering; Paleontology","score_opus":0.031972981243016695,"score_gpt":0.31747491641574177,"score_spread":0.2855019351727251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976259874","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15952308,0.0014470762,0.83429056,0.00023306385,0.00029063356,0.00027080963,0.0003513705,0.0010334383,0.002559995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.35378385,0.001556113,0.6402305,0.00024206184,0.00013578335,0.0007448652,0.00032330072,0.00014942024,0.0028341005],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992976,0.000088012086,0.000053290318,0.00017789988,0.00034609786,0.000037149603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991885,0.00027842185,0.00015713923,0.00011998861,0.00017828144,0.00007764251],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00083493476,0.00045693156,0.000556416,0.0011531382,0.00049916736,0.0005756044,0.00086234475,0.00076573034,0.000740465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011916329,0.00038259377,0.0002605993,0.00051186525,0.0005240998,0.00097024126,0.0008458062,0.001169811,0.00054484955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008502509,0.000049584763,0.0032324016,0.000114880844,0.000018548733,0.000039468756,0.00012225177,0.00039532024,0.96216416,0.0005782009,0.00025831978,0.032941822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000085292646,0.00072433235,0.012117185,0.00003913874,0.00009548799,0.00055719406,0.000089877954,0.034984846,0.9428998,0.00095224497,0.0073373457,0.00011712807],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011364061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014229165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011531382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038043523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00065418455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0044156313},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976341835","doi":"10.1139/f05-091","title":"Evaluation of fish-injury mechanisms during exposure to turbulent shear flow","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Battelle","keywords":"Chinook wind; Nozzle; Turbulence; Environmental science; Oncorhynchus; Marine engineering; Fishery; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Biology; Mechanics; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.019732045288950374,"score_gpt":0.23134608340756166,"score_spread":0.2116140381186113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1976341835","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995796,0.00002878264,0.00025601167,0.0000030046622,0.0000016421114,0.000012880917,0.00003492272,0.0000039226957,0.00007914604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990048,0.00006728243,0.0004467009,0.000011141614,0.0000015630942,0.00002527325,0.00013568644,0.000002259803,0.00030536207],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999268,0.0000095243595,0.0000054737948,0.000015298905,0.000019620085,0.000023189192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982244,0.00001974622,0.00007783594,0.000008038468,0.000034125213,0.0000378862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020198456,0.00026010434,0.00022673229,0.000297712,0.00020359173,0.00020815959,0.00013023794,0.00029286396,0.00054594333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036383505,0.00014934201,0.00024355426,0.0001270199,0.00026553823,0.00013644491,0.00023053639,0.0002295671,0.00007609413],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00084584666,0.00013128408,0.069295004,0.00010226189,0.0000349841,0.00024779767,0.00041391823,0.0010237098,0.9241854,0.000039754625,0.000046975616,0.0036329627],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017182598,0.0042053713,0.89596397,0.000018407833,0.00004246772,0.00019780023,0.00066303165,0.003999481,0.094610065,0.00004579654,0.00021449335,0.000021949585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002415428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032584963,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002415428,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025571833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017238292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004802704},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978207583","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2010.538092","title":"Aerosol Deposition Measurements as a Function of Reynolds Number for Turbulent Flow in a Ninety-Degree Pipe Bend","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Turbulence; Stokes number; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Deposition (geology); Aerosol; Particle (ecology); Particle deposition; Physics; Chemistry; Materials science; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.037249606576739785,"score_gpt":0.24464475240828704,"score_spread":0.20739514583154725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978207583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986815,0.00003429989,0.0010199688,0.000005089222,0.0000032189253,0.0000055906594,0.00005206778,0.000028317347,0.0001698294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99650663,0.00006485275,0.002952751,0.000006928289,0.0000020906314,0.000011617183,0.00010501964,0.000007323366,0.0003426927],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997758,0.000023797536,0.00002153704,0.000052950883,0.0000871654,0.00003868572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959296,0.00015275933,0.00009395456,0.000040508243,0.00008137427,0.00003848595],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044597258,0.00035116347,0.00036371785,0.0002661204,0.00029214582,0.000293602,0.00032144543,0.00036887068,0.000611144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044720585,0.00021332645,0.00034954504,0.00030020165,0.00024911042,0.00021184456,0.00021596733,0.00039052195,0.00016694207],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025773072,0.00006423046,0.0070520695,0.000032214786,0.000007988165,0.00008126858,0.00008009314,0.0019107749,0.98863566,0.000038011327,0.000022781787,0.001817135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000040405717,0.0018878464,0.11542107,0.000008764689,0.000033161577,0.00015622744,0.00013355324,0.015316965,0.8665955,0.000044337994,0.00032275333,0.000039480146],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00072839326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008746643,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00072839326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000214517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012297371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023585558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978574243","doi":"10.1080/02786820802549441","title":"Numerical Simulation of Particle Dispersion in the Wake of a Circular Cylinder","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds number; Stokes number; Dispersion (optics); Stokes flow; Vortex; Mechanics; Wake; Discretization; Particle (ecology); Cylinder; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Mathematics; Turbulence; Optics; Mathematical analysis; Geology","score_opus":0.014605043351556607,"score_gpt":0.2391762081176088,"score_spread":0.2245711647660522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978574243","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.937765,0.00023017732,0.05554004,0.000191112,0.00007149068,0.00007336367,0.00012910325,0.0002508708,0.0057487614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98323464,0.00008005655,0.014790647,0.000025643922,0.000012003438,0.000047796064,0.00010033664,0.000020922655,0.0016879282],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986684,0.000024156838,0.000007632594,0.000016366517,0.000043651373,0.000041358806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995976,0.00017275794,0.00005887156,0.000028171822,0.0000805167,0.00006211728],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037384068,0.00034235252,0.0004970841,0.00051612564,0.0007814223,0.000510473,0.0006339505,0.0010617186,0.0006899968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00088327145,0.0002784626,0.00038133172,0.00037714216,0.00071178464,0.00046630925,0.0006240347,0.00039457277,0.000117121315],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010365867,0.00006460629,0.0021377758,0.00002969256,0.000012902098,0.00037240417,0.00010032045,0.9829663,0.0085290605,0.0034246156,0.00013917386,0.0021194268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001205952,0.000021986318,0.00024318318,0.0000016171892,0.0000016923415,0.000017254148,0.000010930722,0.99869895,0.0006869732,0.00019753899,0.00010311391,0.0000047318176],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011495181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004145399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011495181,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006554983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010851098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022856534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978651592","doi":"10.1007/s00231-004-0571-z","title":"Computational modeling of transport phenomena in chemical vapor deposition","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Susceptor; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Deposition (geology); Mechanics; Materials science; Chemical vapor deposition; Galerkin method; Discretization; Flow (mathematics); Work (physics); Parametric statistics; Thermodynamics; Finite element method; Physics; Nanotechnology; Layer (electronics); Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.00960759727515439,"score_gpt":0.2038316069745175,"score_spread":0.1942240096993631,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1978651592","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5197041,0.0032741018,0.42512685,0.0031924415,0.0007367266,0.00017175988,0.00036954082,0.00045737377,0.046967123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9730909,0.00075818534,0.01921804,0.00011624643,0.00012995786,0.00009755157,0.00011821835,0.00008233294,0.006388499],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982953,0.000055291435,0.000008338178,0.000019027957,0.00005531496,0.000032432814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994711,0.0003673592,0.000038313105,0.000028313374,0.00006274017,0.000032072916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036419163,0.00046135514,0.0008258955,0.00042663206,0.0010916138,0.0014439918,0.0010821337,0.0015173856,0.0013986789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020215213,0.000627708,0.00059608044,0.0004598934,0.0012339348,0.0012556316,0.00074625155,0.0009901352,0.00017591407],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023957238,0.000037423906,0.00024711608,0.000024491406,0.000008492764,0.000045340617,0.000024153704,0.9847296,0.0009249301,0.01175712,0.00023337203,0.0019440409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000040461537,0.0000021224917,0.00004481207,0.0000012155501,0.0000011940417,0.0000030681103,0.0000037863351,0.9986199,0.00021139045,0.0009515175,0.00015547169,0.0000013712269],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019789902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009193194,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019789902,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010066461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001411484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.039349437},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979874426","doi":"10.1007/s11666-010-9597-6","title":"Effect of Using Liquid Feedstock in a High Pressure Cold Spray Nozzle","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nozzle; Spray characteristics; Spray nozzle; Materials science; Mechanics; Evaporation; Agglomerate; Mist; Two-phase flow; Injector; Composite material; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.003488286355441581,"score_gpt":0.22847829335604952,"score_spread":0.22499000700060795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1979874426","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986355,0.00046277867,0.00026432486,0.000035689165,0.00004879652,0.0000071469603,0.000059811096,0.000038579772,0.00044734223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99884987,0.00026371656,0.0003541216,0.000022210073,0.000014163499,0.0000038377593,0.000052576077,0.000024176865,0.0004151747],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994943,0.00006790278,0.00004941201,0.00012542923,0.00013563555,0.00012730753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99890685,0.0005149159,0.00018321683,0.000066040826,0.00019193196,0.00013702585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041477825,0.0005426229,0.00095292734,0.00033604814,0.0005458819,0.001416962,0.0006741751,0.00095037854,0.0040194686],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012818091,0.00035201517,0.0004396876,0.00042114934,0.000683333,0.001164377,0.00042606183,0.00071327476,0.00038068191],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0066092345,0.00021743268,0.0005645761,0.0002761191,0.000042602867,0.00031791968,0.00006503464,0.0010398687,0.9874313,0.00007888096,0.00008291604,0.0032741618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006387544,0.0010886298,0.0011917428,0.000008606417,0.000061861036,0.0000439653,0.000056601944,0.0013882539,0.9957476,0.000012303669,0.00032275543,0.000013794221],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023495483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022229776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0040194686,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006942548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005483517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01344645},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981170556","doi":"10.1016/j.pnucene.2009.09.013","title":"Progress in understanding key aerosol issues","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Nuclear Energy","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Environmental science; Computer science; Containment (computer programming); Meteorology; Nuclear engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0185843713782425,"score_gpt":0.2551558525161333,"score_spread":0.2365714811378908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981170556","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.13030489,0.620954,0.1471914,0.040961612,0.005246964,0.00014920434,0.0010258048,0.0006179419,0.053548057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.37500787,0.5251796,0.07836948,0.0042846575,0.0034762071,0.00016567521,0.0012767226,0.00014828048,0.0120915305],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933714,0.00012890318,0.000045018824,0.00020505903,0.00018897446,0.000094871924],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974705,0.0013551132,0.00025308752,0.00017251547,0.00064057735,0.00010831527],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026867036,0.0008667066,0.0011368927,0.000979681,0.00091561204,0.003160309,0.0012616381,0.0017923053,0.005729893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0030564752,0.00028490095,0.00075945596,0.00089549314,0.001428577,0.0071861227,0.0015217331,0.0029115293,0.0013880519],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041172586,0.00054288557,0.010700756,0.009746044,0.00017286208,0.00034927693,0.0014486382,0.010501097,0.10513152,0.17219847,0.017429871,0.67136693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000047429552,0.00038849947,0.012595878,0.0019749377,0.00030480936,0.00072977017,0.0027580692,0.032472715,0.13065074,0.15335311,0.6645512,0.00017289676],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022656173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019156391,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005729893,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001283014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0029922258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019168377},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981611588","doi":"10.1007/s11666-014-0156-4","title":"Practical Comparison of Cylindrical Nozzle and De Laval Nozzle for Wire Arc Spraying","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Body orifice; Materials science; Discharge coefficient; Mechanical engineering; Spray nozzle; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Arc (geometry); Metallurgy; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.019182483239022465,"score_gpt":0.30295951899415785,"score_spread":0.2837770357551354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1981611588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8717099,0.005000693,0.1047274,0.0005313773,0.0003462873,0.0003617015,0.0003695803,0.0017230685,0.015230068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98292345,0.0004404106,0.014845804,0.00003139191,0.000020324935,0.0000306281,0.00011925275,0.00005010896,0.0015385877],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99841523,0.00027510684,0.000068552756,0.00019547048,0.0009348731,0.000110757464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984609,0.00046171172,0.00010525419,0.00016226288,0.00073979655,0.000070215116],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0013802942,0.0003500935,0.00059018674,0.00047227877,0.00064372545,0.0009819377,0.0011261442,0.0009238705,0.003650601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025329322,0.00024436743,0.00042894686,0.00037963092,0.00046508407,0.0010971313,0.000655568,0.00038419373,0.00037264993],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.004048847,0.00043561702,0.015562967,0.0015757284,0.00010058807,0.0010974213,0.00064830715,0.02833331,0.7426428,0.006333668,0.0042219902,0.19499882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009919521,0.012959189,0.06839325,0.00013121864,0.00035700877,0.0033910966,0.0010907401,0.27383533,0.59854394,0.0016779094,0.03829658,0.00033178786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016313173,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018196747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003650601,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00082234916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00092087843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012212515},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982647013","doi":"10.1007/bf02915768","title":"Vibration-induced particle drift in a fluid cell under microgravity","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microgravity Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Vibration; Amplitude; Inviscid flow; Magnetosphere particle motion; Physics; Oscillation (cell signaling); Materials science; Classical mechanics; Optics; Acoustics; Magnetic field; Chemistry","score_opus":0.007226681785732374,"score_gpt":0.2309810348121577,"score_spread":0.22375435302642532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1982647013","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980124,0.000073646304,0.0013765359,0.000072495335,0.00002420133,0.000004551521,0.000014838429,0.00002348881,0.0003978619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99933773,0.000026874446,0.00035747438,0.000013478955,0.0000048947327,0.0000021990302,0.000013042354,0.0000040211476,0.00024031209],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989736,0.000013144057,0.000004772936,0.000024620489,0.00003214926,0.000027968492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980944,0.000066788394,0.000025193505,0.000022775374,0.0000266233,0.00004924057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019570903,0.00015641756,0.00042950214,0.00018100583,0.00074803724,0.00051215437,0.00031411738,0.00044472172,0.0009493193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052524207,0.00013783669,0.00016726936,0.00014602915,0.00094978116,0.0004426223,0.000529868,0.00046594086,0.00012196529],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012636513,0.00011887836,0.005539258,0.000059842358,0.000030983072,0.00081798667,0.00055459974,0.017086385,0.96428144,0.001475951,0.0003375592,0.008433385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034226401,0.0017324443,0.04886381,0.000026774656,0.000053830594,0.0007310952,0.0010728438,0.4438014,0.4991377,0.0018153349,0.0022901853,0.00013225962],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019354572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008796376,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019354572,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004433292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00047631672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0038484335},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983181536","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.73","title":"Study on Measuring Particle Size Distribution of a Nanodiamond Powder","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians","funders":"CAEP Foundation","keywords":"Nanodiamond; Materials science; Sodium hexametaphosphate; Dynamic light scattering; Particle-size distribution; Diamond; Particle size; Suspension (topology); Dispersant; Light scattering; Particle (ecology); Viscosity; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Scattering; Optics; Nanoparticle; Dispersion (optics); Sodium; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.057466611771421164,"score_gpt":0.3340454403199718,"score_spread":0.27657882854855065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983181536","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93877786,0.0010607884,0.057547703,0.00008514912,0.000050122893,0.000049539034,0.00029334915,0.00021496255,0.0019206153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9642486,0.00059154525,0.033031445,0.00006105212,0.000015923784,0.000044979457,0.0002757142,0.000038429916,0.001692257],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997919,0.000016604848,0.000016179598,0.000060598228,0.000100524136,0.00001417856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996531,0.00014128644,0.000042568587,0.000019257597,0.00012259572,0.00002113509],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023993793,0.00016917846,0.00019426482,0.0004220989,0.00014510818,0.00022178698,0.00017329362,0.00021510298,0.00056124065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046804824,0.00011375385,0.00012474885,0.00024902113,0.00013810111,0.0002596363,0.000097466465,0.00028232194,0.00018152937],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023669623,0.000010519169,0.00061085244,0.000028964725,0.0000029582982,0.000031132724,0.000033420547,0.00005853256,0.9958104,0.00005789684,0.000024541965,0.0033071344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000031807556,0.000117401345,0.0039664297,0.0000028144775,0.000008548907,0.00013616924,0.00003439196,0.0024513104,0.9925258,0.000044051038,0.00070413976,0.000005779313],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007077773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00068894256,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007077773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001954953,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012884373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018775463},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983352307","doi":"10.1205/cerd.82.8.979.41546","title":"Gas Mixing in Circulating Fluidized Beds with Secondary Air Injection","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Injector; Mixing (physics); Dispersion (optics); TRACER; Mechanics; Fluidized bed combustion; Secondary air injection; Materials science; Volumetric flow rate; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Fluidized bed; Chromatography; Optics; Physics; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.004697910979582245,"score_gpt":0.17477670854427238,"score_spread":0.17007879756469013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983352307","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9512902,0.00054433104,0.04439811,0.00021148872,0.00018513802,0.000055120327,0.00001688933,0.0001992939,0.0030993554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954834,0.000071446,0.003431042,0.000017968709,0.000024219327,0.000008024034,0.000012722574,0.00001687405,0.0009344037],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996964,0.00011713364,0.000014419649,0.00004679819,0.00007420204,0.00005107273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993839,0.0003661703,0.000063758845,0.000028924014,0.00008488367,0.00007234518],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000635626,0.0004354614,0.0007346534,0.00036241522,0.00080459873,0.0012116728,0.0005457108,0.0006887206,0.0011283245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016039885,0.00031278725,0.0003707252,0.00020456307,0.0009893493,0.0010137898,0.0008220362,0.00054626085,0.00022736701],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0050608986,0.000649827,0.0091631515,0.00034031196,0.00006574223,0.0011027001,0.0005305529,0.12005956,0.80124944,0.017699242,0.00086015416,0.04321841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019988137,0.0010981259,0.0020861954,0.0000138600235,0.000032423242,0.00016713876,0.00008230574,0.6246146,0.36901742,0.0017545074,0.0009080667,0.000025423045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013139454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008270997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013139454,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005973186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053952774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0043338537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983360696","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.025","title":"On the Lagrangian/Eulerian modeling of dispersed droplet inertia: Internal circulation transition","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biot number; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Laminar flow; Momentum (technical analysis); Inertia; Classical mechanics; Drag; Circulation (fluid dynamics); Convection; Physics; Thermodynamics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.008463316479176924,"score_gpt":0.2248458599144325,"score_spread":0.2163825434352556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983360696","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.39867866,0.0014053782,0.570448,0.0016097758,0.00028747768,0.00009490881,0.0001547977,0.0003099775,0.027011022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98095614,0.0003968634,0.015244374,0.00008704764,0.00009396543,0.00003209079,0.000048207476,0.00012135817,0.0030199725],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987805,0.0000421913,0.0000064245114,0.000018874749,0.000030007865,0.000024349269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995165,0.0002363876,0.00006814978,0.00003240674,0.0000808629,0.00006563645],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066327973,0.00043429233,0.0005470857,0.00061473204,0.000581111,0.0012407374,0.0011078444,0.0012953121,0.0011386208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025805016,0.00041991143,0.0006588506,0.0003725022,0.0013389087,0.0016734528,0.0011704112,0.00092696445,0.00019860112],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000065095504,0.00006928244,0.0009256204,0.00003849869,0.00001556314,0.00015381613,0.00011631884,0.91693175,0.0041954634,0.07096108,0.000492556,0.0060349656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000025208337,0.0000018238244,0.0000377753,9.434296e-7,9.782696e-7,0.0000019462186,0.000002199776,0.9988219,0.00009493141,0.00097439945,0.000058859936,0.0000016552021],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012841078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004645291,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012841078,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010199123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00093902234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.025532663},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983842124","doi":"10.1007/s00193-014-0525-4","title":"Large-scale spray detonation and related particle jetting instability phenomenon","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Shock Waves","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; Martec (Canada); Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Detonation; Explosive material; Mechanics; Shaped charge; Instability; Jet (fluid); Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics; Casing; Physics; Materials science","score_opus":0.0057554262803978925,"score_gpt":0.20673675064988853,"score_spread":0.20098132436949065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1983842124","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9278778,0.00068386423,0.053708456,0.0005008162,0.00018110049,0.000065128064,0.00005811562,0.0003368098,0.016587935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971558,0.000063690146,0.0014401719,0.000034244094,0.000032785567,0.000006827637,0.00001874059,0.000009989863,0.0012377948],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999201,0.000011743027,0.0000028578722,0.00001820465,0.000030345293,0.000016653368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981266,0.000046878147,0.000045607423,0.000020176696,0.00002817294,0.00004648673],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010495962,0.00027203502,0.00033403965,0.00037235467,0.0005013759,0.00049376214,0.00042138205,0.00062734226,0.0017264591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00058424385,0.00013877514,0.00030173908,0.00019005562,0.00094561226,0.0006851204,0.00081115955,0.0007767414,0.000112860536],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00086103065,0.00046234662,0.011211887,0.00028475682,0.00013600122,0.009913843,0.0011035401,0.049894556,0.600252,0.2897295,0.0040658806,0.032084715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001918519,0.00035226878,0.025202157,0.000020318681,0.000049138842,0.0035342015,0.00044396933,0.8094962,0.060531378,0.096687816,0.0033754138,0.00011529159],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002684447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00015332755,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017264591,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024150596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015974596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005775571},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984187785","doi":"10.1002/fld.366","title":"A Lagrangian–Eulerian model of particle dispersion in a turbulent plane mixing layer","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","keywords":"Eulerian path; Turbulence; Mechanics; Dispersion (optics); Mixing (physics); Particle (ecology); Compressibility; Plane (geometry); Flow (mathematics); Physics; Lagrangian particle tracking; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Statistical physics; Applied mathematics; Lagrangian; Geometry; Geology; Optics","score_opus":0.05862789456372354,"score_gpt":0.35940791950607565,"score_spread":0.3007800249423521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984187785","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34238645,0.0005334101,0.6436346,0.0003732232,0.000080102065,0.000114885,0.00028953308,0.0003275692,0.0122601045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95606214,0.0003615291,0.03620827,0.00004827173,0.000035751294,0.00012363396,0.00022453266,0.000044496643,0.006891315],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984753,0.000037477115,0.000011121509,0.000022970205,0.000060550992,0.000020321015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998264,0.00004899772,0.000046262783,0.000016398662,0.000040965653,0.000021020165],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043675757,0.00041675384,0.0004249464,0.0003493315,0.00038979575,0.00076414197,0.0010010889,0.00084098714,0.00071730406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006246947,0.00033633565,0.00044514376,0.0002992244,0.00065113633,0.00073587574,0.0006184599,0.00045041068,0.00024325629],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023212868,0.000029169709,0.00046933672,0.000012536168,0.0000077226605,0.00004743574,0.000031539133,0.9836474,0.003741356,0.010017487,0.00010663692,0.001866249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000059980102,0.0000070965602,0.00006854573,0.0000010320271,0.0000016530905,0.0000036637455,0.0000016304134,0.99914825,0.00025493198,0.00034372896,0.00016133346,0.000002230833],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010557953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028659415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010557953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00065537274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010408118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020992994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984844522","doi":"10.1080/01457630802528703","title":"Evaluations of Closure Correlations for the Simulation of Two-Phase Flows in Condensers","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Closure (psychology); Mechanics; Phase (matter); Statistical physics; Environmental science; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.023307150718793926,"score_gpt":0.30565045783839556,"score_spread":0.28234330711960165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1984844522","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9360843,0.0010783529,0.058123395,0.00023296943,0.000097940734,0.00021550526,0.00025045604,0.0006652355,0.0032518934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98032194,0.00025469984,0.018751921,0.000022634416,0.000020365722,0.00010400142,0.00015197747,0.000109215005,0.0002631548],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.998623,0.000602365,0.00010711983,0.00009365978,0.00041474268,0.00015912947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.97608554,0.018466862,0.0017913271,0.0009567744,0.0021455088,0.00055395596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0043769535,0.0010965571,0.0013874717,0.000886417,0.0011804309,0.0011418952,0.0012366675,0.001206435,0.0006479909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.016759744,0.000450436,0.0008250952,0.0008320247,0.0009244767,0.0010167515,0.00084103487,0.0014705202,0.0000977497],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034808696,0.00027839307,0.008382291,0.00016532464,0.00004144073,0.0002076923,0.0001665908,0.96572834,0.008367414,0.0036824946,0.00029693125,0.012334971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002804735,0.00012477438,0.0006762865,0.000014755452,0.000007744281,0.000016815491,0.000015444792,0.9957146,0.0030864908,0.00016163873,0.00013751331,0.000015911311],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009616671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005302838,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009616671,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013715338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019959137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023147762},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985638435","doi":"10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.09.003","title":"Numerical methods for particle-laden DNS of homogeneous isotropic turbulence","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Direct numerical simulation; Isotropy; Particle (ecology); Statistical physics; Mechanics; Physics; Computer science; Classical mechanics; Geology; Optics; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.011570987686053507,"score_gpt":0.28909822792567297,"score_spread":0.27752724023961944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985638435","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.009674955,0.0007842141,0.9821454,0.00019451688,0.00026641443,0.000116901894,0.00012613737,0.00036209772,0.0063293134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.30908403,0.001655504,0.67190635,0.00030498364,0.00040856004,0.00083932874,0.0005225328,0.0006637288,0.01461496],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99961334,0.00012515462,0.000035012035,0.00003355701,0.00015976178,0.000033099826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99906415,0.00036501017,0.00008060661,0.00013495873,0.00027654524,0.00007875333],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009595051,0.0005726025,0.0008435883,0.0009992984,0.0010460429,0.0014537493,0.0019069223,0.0013465957,0.0030938983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003064467,0.00054568454,0.00069614575,0.00090516446,0.0010822807,0.0009794818,0.0017608553,0.0016208042,0.0010155023],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011970235,0.00019131044,0.0012987304,0.00030894365,0.0000909396,0.00018062316,0.0002596978,0.7553106,0.009008733,0.13849479,0.0030663575,0.0916696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010087865,0.000004519772,0.000061538434,0.0000056803206,0.0000026368725,0.000008359012,0.00000576656,0.9940211,0.00039148657,0.004159414,0.0013240568,0.00000534866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0051922593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005394874,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0051922593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010103696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012342428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010350108},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985895084","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.07.076","title":"Influence of particle curvature on transition regime heat conduction from aerosolized nanoparticles","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Knudsen number; Thermal conduction; Curvature; Heat transfer; Materials science; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Nanoparticle; Direct simulation Monte Carlo; Monte Carlo method; Mean free path; Physics; Nanotechnology; Optics; Composite material; Dynamic Monte Carlo method; Geometry","score_opus":0.011213844892379197,"score_gpt":0.2364975821716278,"score_spread":0.2252837372792486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1985895084","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99925643,0.00009001265,0.00025196155,0.000018459525,0.0000076589,0.0000023381235,0.000017205512,0.00001248404,0.00034340413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99978775,0.000026263071,0.00007106417,0.000002900664,0.00000138449,9.492312e-7,0.000010372027,0.00000549697,0.000093800234],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998566,0.0000212408,0.000006912668,0.000027973912,0.00003886476,0.00004836262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944335,0.00034911084,0.000056318542,0.00003578534,0.00007544329,0.000039997194],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020670866,0.00014923868,0.0001978321,0.00013129269,0.00027273205,0.0004977446,0.00018976735,0.00022974733,0.0014008544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089998264,0.00013377544,0.00019934101,0.0000989189,0.00037008128,0.00033211376,0.00026284257,0.0003489732,0.00016568847],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017490345,0.00006471175,0.0015532168,0.000086920285,0.0000144664755,0.0001623496,0.00018007451,0.005306022,0.9866594,0.00034302563,0.00012309011,0.0037576524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022730814,0.00032272682,0.0065880925,0.000006319238,0.000019777108,0.000039384922,0.000099941215,0.023401197,0.96911734,0.0000885246,0.00027597285,0.000017921548],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010859495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00075540383,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014008544,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034496794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019475982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0046863556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987704370","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.01.008","title":"Fuel injection model for Euler–Euler and Euler–Lagrange large-eddy simulations of an evaporating spray inside an aeronautical combustor","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Combustor; Large eddy simulation; Eulerian path; Materials science; Euler's formula; Drag; Flow (mathematics); Lagrangian particle tracking; Two-phase flow; Computational fluid dynamics; Physics; Turbulence; Combustion; Applied mathematics; Lagrangian; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Chemistry","score_opus":0.049409155589646696,"score_gpt":0.30540471031746813,"score_spread":0.25599555472782143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1987704370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6574968,0.00058848795,0.29036674,0.00080148014,0.00051947456,0.00038207334,0.0011699318,0.0011204408,0.047554564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718483,0.0001129182,0.02132793,0.000073656876,0.000040555406,0.00018776862,0.0003929995,0.00014307424,0.005872856],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998932,0.000027604705,0.000007948509,0.000015004825,0.000034316818,0.000021913807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975485,0.000076042386,0.000029432365,0.000022756152,0.000067600995,0.00004933349],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002945679,0.0006250461,0.00079522585,0.0003417512,0.0008177426,0.0008018925,0.0013216359,0.0015978743,0.0039387415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000675386,0.00045507072,0.0006140261,0.0002677525,0.00054482074,0.00072494976,0.0006416891,0.0010817096,0.00045684061],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000058595295,0.00009474056,0.000920805,0.000026137897,0.000014755537,0.00007547334,0.000032766264,0.9895321,0.003278627,0.0037284493,0.000286709,0.0019508727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012855042,0.000010251436,0.00012913352,0.0000014904751,0.0000016375147,0.0000032001415,0.000004322864,0.9991837,0.00034525542,0.00012182203,0.00018328997,0.0000030789433],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011590013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0075488626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011590013,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000757808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011715284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023045063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989269257","doi":"10.1615/atomizspr.v16.i1.50","title":"A SECOND-ORDER NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD FOR IMPROVED NUMERICAL STABILITY IN THE DETERMINATION OF DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN SPRAYS","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atomization and Sprays","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Stability (learning theory); Mechanics; Newton's method; Order (exchange); Materials science; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Physics; Computer science; Nonlinear system; Economics","score_opus":0.010279298425453323,"score_gpt":0.2664551964762301,"score_spread":0.2561758980507768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1989269257","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.027057124,0.0004923903,0.9698193,0.0001091683,0.000113342365,0.00005191652,0.000015357138,0.00041219257,0.0019291176],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.18849447,0.00041452685,0.80746824,0.000056279365,0.000050474187,0.000101675774,0.000038178667,0.00011027142,0.0032659245],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997453,0.0000811396,0.000008853479,0.000029761932,0.00012317215,0.00001172722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961495,0.00023580877,0.000029998424,0.000033364322,0.00006779534,0.000017967317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008440321,0.00046332425,0.00051014463,0.0003857314,0.00038263592,0.00032774734,0.00061154575,0.00053563423,0.0009913581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013836595,0.00022091766,0.00039699656,0.00028481078,0.00049057254,0.0004622798,0.00038488605,0.00063004193,0.00020416615],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002371028,0.00021342316,0.0024438545,0.00048546607,0.00006460448,0.0004138014,0.00053427304,0.41087288,0.13580355,0.054365437,0.003454945,0.39111075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000102575295,0.000051769577,0.00023710963,0.0000035091152,0.000004699869,0.00007659224,0.0000061544506,0.9910007,0.005649729,0.0007158527,0.0022312775,0.000012343926],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017137937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020941333,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017137937,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002576792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00078009604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0044637322},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991076816","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20069","title":"Sulphation of limestones in a fluidized bed combustor: The relationship between particle attrition and microstructure","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fluidization; Calcination; Microstructure; Fragmentation (computing); Materials science; Fluidized bed; Mineralogy; Particle-size distribution; Attrition; Chemical engineering; Particle size; Fluidized bed combustion; Particle (ecology); Population; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.025727076798600323,"score_gpt":0.21112105184917207,"score_spread":0.18539397505057176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991076816","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996828,0.000024103128,0.00018703497,0.0000026938583,7.4581925e-7,0.000003027065,0.000009801033,0.000005318657,0.0000845103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99937516,0.000030430332,0.00030364082,0.0000021244332,0.0000010334049,0.000002120381,0.000045112767,0.0000031901984,0.00023715751],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999752,0.000024000336,0.000014391874,0.000038505248,0.00012174261,0.000049291302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976546,0.000072782685,0.0000437629,0.000014047591,0.00007089153,0.000033017088],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033010994,0.0002155567,0.0004172881,0.00045440774,0.00042674353,0.00044805542,0.0003646314,0.00026157236,0.00040242804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000680448,0.000184131,0.0002331005,0.00016974013,0.00050100614,0.00033490986,0.00027867107,0.00023136854,0.00008913046],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00081610016,0.00006494987,0.012300162,0.00006452344,0.000024717916,0.00024312397,0.00025336407,0.0023552487,0.98013514,0.0000929236,0.000019835736,0.0036297815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000032391024,0.00069127907,0.0663337,0.0000056053063,0.000023314053,0.00015309494,0.00019017898,0.014775504,0.9173105,0.000058284324,0.00040713922,0.000019093124],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049841725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006269926,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0049841725,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005591303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002576323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009910345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991614842","doi":"10.2514/1.13026","title":"Experimental Investigation of the Pressure Drop in a Sink-Swirl Flow Within Two Disks","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Propulsion and Power","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Pressure drop; Mechanics; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Static pressure; Environmental science; Physics","score_opus":0.009022992092600995,"score_gpt":0.241522028021076,"score_spread":0.232499035928475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1991614842","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997818,0.0000672502,0.0010590666,0.00004834505,0.000019570962,0.000026044383,0.00009723656,0.00004787413,0.0008166304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99778384,0.00004492802,0.0012089538,0.000019203888,0.000016085438,0.000020967324,0.00010280233,0.000016752436,0.00078657735],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965954,0.00003980563,0.000022658272,0.000081636674,0.00010812864,0.00008828073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989785,0.00046324503,0.00012023725,0.00012993718,0.00016994133,0.00013813181],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003675039,0.00039705654,0.00049459405,0.00030802636,0.001050698,0.0006915432,0.00077776244,0.000837171,0.0033495096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013498121,0.00033090776,0.00018620357,0.0002343976,0.0013511433,0.0009109141,0.0009194508,0.0010215975,0.00037131604],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014064381,0.0004973001,0.0024482806,0.000093812174,0.0000068011973,0.00037104922,0.00040091836,0.0004074071,0.99008256,0.00044626553,0.00015657156,0.0036825703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028063194,0.0036610193,0.017096832,0.000018640967,0.000024113153,0.00047338332,0.00058813416,0.015263648,0.960821,0.00019701888,0.0015409064,0.00003465793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00041404527,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033495096,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030865276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033094306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011205256},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992812039","doi":"10.1002/pamm.200610279","title":"Über die exzentrische Zylinderspaltströmung bei engen Spaltweiten","year":2006,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"PAMM","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Peter's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Physics","score_opus":0.00861759442573417,"score_gpt":0.2100731835891188,"score_spread":0.20145558916338463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1992812039","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98511755,0.0005173508,0.013389395,0.00003073581,0.000011505854,0.000009119508,0.000044672088,0.00010682411,0.0007728762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99347126,0.0002266954,0.0054232785,0.000010306684,0.0000044961735,0.000012242619,0.000046280602,0.000026338023,0.00077907345],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985635,0.00002217346,0.000010022347,0.00004259731,0.000041349696,0.000027514223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935716,0.00029451976,0.00017637537,0.00005530048,0.00008062179,0.000036073186],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045338663,0.00026745655,0.00017709367,0.00028024596,0.00018178814,0.000485018,0.00021585001,0.00028162912,0.0026466602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00095166935,0.00021062985,0.00015351934,0.00009837528,0.00031577298,0.0005577599,0.00029797124,0.00026458624,0.00040003314],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018859911,0.000016516202,0.0006511005,0.000038525195,0.0000052266473,0.000054234293,0.00005356172,0.0031648797,0.98803383,0.000270463,0.000035540965,0.0074876025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021432368,0.00033445153,0.0037815054,0.000003552927,0.000012231751,0.000070461196,0.000023782004,0.011393072,0.9832413,0.000247404,0.00086016685,0.0000105394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00023424122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00016664229,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026466602,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015335783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014989798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008853972},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993137782","doi":"10.1115/1.3176962","title":"An Experimental Investigation of the Flowfield and Dust Resuspension Due to Idealized Human Walking","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Vortex; Flow visualization; Particle tracking velocimetry; Physics; Wake; Flow (mathematics); Geology; Materials science; Turbulence","score_opus":0.010935233084330916,"score_gpt":0.24626061217866624,"score_spread":0.23532537909433532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1993137782","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935354,0.000048960752,0.005817089,0.000025056117,0.000017706958,0.00003986084,0.00015669307,0.000020666343,0.00033844783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99521184,0.00008654287,0.0040646205,0.000025255233,0.000008696743,0.000044896005,0.00017429353,0.000003734591,0.00038013607],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970144,0.00007551785,0.000021336224,0.00007896681,0.0000568422,0.000065847045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949956,0.00022167884,0.000057547033,0.00007825926,0.00008675912,0.00005622393],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003134099,0.00030703883,0.0002876176,0.0002991819,0.00033360525,0.00037835844,0.00029304938,0.0005018706,0.0009630003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012477291,0.00018862543,0.00017618836,0.00021172986,0.00050938246,0.00025959496,0.00030804423,0.00023953746,0.00014709658],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0051666866,0.0030922787,0.02882297,0.00045418736,0.00007531829,0.0018284605,0.0013580036,0.029132191,0.8924605,0.0018097217,0.0008571988,0.03494237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00094843167,0.024601642,0.19615059,0.00015291035,0.00018364929,0.0046519157,0.0027923586,0.225764,0.5350666,0.0039317813,0.00552743,0.00022873143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014301186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012082016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014301186,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015524846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027996209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0032215714},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994425140","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2006-98202","title":"Numerical Simulations of Unsteady Wet Steam Flows With Non-Equilibrium Condensation in the Nozzle and the Steam Turbine","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Cambridge","keywords":"Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Condensation; Heat transfer; Nozzle; Nucleation; Péclet number; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.005250706953232978,"score_gpt":0.2026083447419635,"score_spread":0.1973576377887305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994425140","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.927188,0.00037126296,0.058400746,0.00021433552,0.000100448706,0.00016193932,0.00064154057,0.00045549578,0.012466317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9802219,0.00017144938,0.015780339,0.000038845556,0.000014017606,0.00017677287,0.00041604057,0.00005411337,0.003126442],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977666,0.000046808156,0.000014008605,0.000023701432,0.00008654638,0.000052200496],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941635,0.00030874624,0.00006494684,0.000041028787,0.00008534286,0.00008371165],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042240054,0.00051118166,0.0008977075,0.00049257756,0.0006919921,0.00071868836,0.00094859325,0.0011252188,0.00267966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015214079,0.0003814615,0.0005287522,0.0008083177,0.0007484608,0.0005266111,0.000472186,0.0006523361,0.00022885183],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000099411125,0.000056537243,0.0010803802,0.00005080533,0.0000126706755,0.00018151938,0.0000901318,0.9869746,0.0058849007,0.0030302044,0.00017804294,0.0023608531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002227334,0.00005589854,0.00053139095,0.000005016926,0.0000038127403,0.000020473148,0.000019218423,0.9966667,0.0018809502,0.0003540359,0.0004327518,0.000007319675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007353543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034715715,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007353543,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011414157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009126607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014621496},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994798716","doi":"10.1115/1.1852471","title":"Flow Past a Spinning Sphere With Surface Blowing and Heat Transfer","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Drag; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Lift (data mining); Wake; Spinning; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Classical mechanics; Materials science; Turbulence","score_opus":0.004562573380031144,"score_gpt":0.18080887166209017,"score_spread":0.17624629828205904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1994798716","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99650514,0.000033856166,0.0015921431,0.00005122411,0.000014718226,0.000014293828,0.000073620475,0.00005618715,0.0016587814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983469,0.00001967463,0.0011267943,0.000008799928,0.000005261266,0.000008285639,0.00009710716,0.0000099000845,0.0003772701],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983287,0.000016938066,0.000008418468,0.000020838212,0.000047023896,0.00007373274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99948585,0.00023246717,0.00006431691,0.000039640563,0.000080265905,0.000097333526],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032569966,0.00042488237,0.0008185745,0.0005112233,0.0008838199,0.000758309,0.00045926718,0.00087625725,0.0017553746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015972643,0.00020185384,0.00051082997,0.00047191692,0.00118436,0.00048094158,0.00042340113,0.00045964206,0.00013207522],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010118107,0.00019854843,0.009164931,0.00012680358,0.00005009149,0.0009935761,0.00023142749,0.92775923,0.047460306,0.0053325975,0.000529414,0.0071412064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000498825,0.00024293861,0.003044719,0.000004778266,0.000011414207,0.00004842609,0.000060812607,0.9893924,0.0065662554,0.0004021009,0.00016174774,0.000014444315],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010284311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036400415,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010284311,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008030598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010024976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020448864},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996274629","doi":"10.1002/aic.690470304","title":"Mixing in a cross‐flow‐impinging jet reactor","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Turbulence; Mixing (physics); TRACER; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Laminar flow reactor; Flow (mathematics); Chemistry; Computational fluid dynamics; Dispersion (optics); Thermodynamics; Physics; Open-channel flow; Optics; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.015244411544470196,"score_gpt":0.26416786931703873,"score_spread":0.24892345777256852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996274629","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866686,0.00030496248,0.011696597,0.00006800864,0.00003005062,0.000029275407,0.000031107895,0.00010827238,0.0010633167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911522,0.00019011533,0.007914243,0.000018382372,0.000015057594,0.000017352304,0.00005661369,0.000010479414,0.0006256166],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995326,0.000090619425,0.000029648412,0.00011516929,0.00016929726,0.00006266885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994081,0.00025017804,0.00014516109,0.0000371395,0.00007342045,0.00008607403],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010415799,0.00065343524,0.0009747192,0.00044317052,0.000751117,0.0017213713,0.0005795396,0.001073313,0.0008464056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008957235,0.00041766936,0.0004697147,0.00034320625,0.0005574142,0.00077291,0.00068216637,0.0007997204,0.0002669659],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00092923903,0.00046691176,0.0026318864,0.00012872613,0.000034889978,0.00048149476,0.00016837734,0.035835322,0.94779325,0.0036630854,0.00010020155,0.0077666934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025769995,0.001818066,0.0022611786,0.000010129178,0.000050697505,0.00020078289,0.00003492549,0.29382646,0.7001363,0.00047301105,0.00089937897,0.00003141899],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019212571,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005731237,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019212571,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000833948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052286335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006050706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996489647","doi":"10.1063/1.2967534","title":"Dam-break flows with resistance as agents of sediment transport","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Drag; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Sediment transport; Physics; Flow velocity; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Sediment; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.014033572074530975,"score_gpt":0.22070540566137548,"score_spread":0.2066718335868445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1996489647","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.90464896,0.0011827946,0.08259567,0.0004392486,0.00008376716,0.00009228619,0.00011639228,0.00021366555,0.010627273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938637,0.00031951317,0.0033212202,0.000023813129,0.00003591114,0.000026551688,0.000029497329,0.000012362008,0.0023675612],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997452,0.00007707217,0.000015967327,0.000029610237,0.000049804028,0.000082360864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993931,0.00016059629,0.00026114454,0.00003447616,0.000046137855,0.000104506296],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005190193,0.000641131,0.00052979146,0.000739869,0.00043158463,0.0010030827,0.00056092435,0.001116832,0.000906888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014590451,0.00031572726,0.00065740803,0.0002700764,0.0010211447,0.0009852551,0.0010559864,0.0006256501,0.00012734953],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047689208,0.00020093824,0.008743589,0.0002432871,0.00009190135,0.0023356185,0.00063002517,0.58811265,0.12285174,0.2624303,0.00093705056,0.012946061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007951909,0.00025278205,0.0037079721,0.00001904353,0.000045246954,0.00032862986,0.00014432456,0.96121466,0.005683822,0.026527153,0.0019531378,0.000043656477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017107488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00059267326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017107488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00088879437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033546635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006448686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997601866","doi":"10.1007/s11666-009-9363-9","title":"Assessment of CFD Modeling via Flow Visualization in Cold Spray Process","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Marshallplan-Jubiläumsstiftung","keywords":"Mechanics; Materials science; Turbulence; Computational fluid dynamics; Mass flow rate; Flow (mathematics); Particulates; Particle (ecology); Two-phase flow; Volumetric flow rate; Pressure drop; Mass flow; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.007564276396907744,"score_gpt":0.28311320292859626,"score_spread":0.2755489265316885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1997601866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84707487,0.000586787,0.14012991,0.00058355805,0.00013066382,0.00019010204,0.00039972397,0.0022403353,0.008664004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868204,0.0001349966,0.012123289,0.000019341604,0.000015995653,0.00002804996,0.00009367597,0.00008122689,0.0006830568],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995179,0.00020303133,0.000022413042,0.000041219097,0.00017830262,0.0000371764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99723047,0.0018102381,0.00013917506,0.00017973733,0.0005543834,0.00008600639],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010278892,0.0008263958,0.0006510203,0.00055504387,0.0005652358,0.0013778999,0.0006868725,0.0012268435,0.0015715408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036348053,0.00038448174,0.0005268531,0.00036883942,0.00036824195,0.001148395,0.0006514647,0.00070303923,0.00020518016],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00052514084,0.0003054336,0.00540993,0.00009295462,0.000029086079,0.00014062366,0.00013517687,0.92783356,0.029251613,0.0015660325,0.00056056085,0.034149967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010853941,0.00005911969,0.0005973916,0.0000039401802,0.000005625545,0.000013920915,0.000010369741,0.9932568,0.005770158,0.00011318028,0.0001513226,0.000007258976],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008938082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003967462,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008938082,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072304584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00096427795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017772079},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998501422","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.09.022","title":"Study of melting mechanism of a solid material in a liquid","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Mechanism (biology); Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.009397223646044322,"score_gpt":0.24820034531134233,"score_spread":0.23880312166529802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W1998501422","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848161,0.0007199819,0.010177167,0.00012017432,0.00002914388,0.000023162782,0.000045432167,0.00005320004,0.0040156962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977223,0.00009743665,0.001226203,0.0000065176214,0.000005249632,0.0000050830204,0.000021228714,0.000009136803,0.00090675027],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999311,0.000008603891,0.000002713973,0.000015289825,0.00002271476,0.000019505043],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998536,0.00007255146,0.000022162998,0.000016168517,0.000022401933,0.0000130707585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000156229,0.00017096862,0.00032170236,0.00036664095,0.0005090624,0.00035383357,0.0005331976,0.00035781204,0.00274609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00041635256,0.00017008928,0.0004376153,0.00019628293,0.00047994163,0.0004732052,0.00027592946,0.0004089639,0.00018372711],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009094241,0.00014326071,0.005260666,0.00047386598,0.00007483319,0.0012752623,0.0005932843,0.0463085,0.90483445,0.026289416,0.0005897189,0.013247352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000052120628,0.00065293076,0.007895638,0.000029207953,0.000057967536,0.0005663042,0.0003620633,0.54832137,0.43538702,0.0036154916,0.0030243255,0.000035579636],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006299927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002787989,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00274609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002964609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023069404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009186566},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001327201","doi":"10.3390/e5050417","title":"Droplet Size Distribution in Sprays Based on Maximization of Entropy Generation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entropy","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nozzle; Breakup; Mechanics; Entropy (arrow of time); Thermodynamics; Materials science; Statistical physics; Physics","score_opus":0.008131181522900696,"score_gpt":0.20424853240778124,"score_spread":0.19611735088488053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001327201","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2952983,0.0005292923,0.7003647,0.00017656213,0.000028989836,0.00004601499,0.000051550272,0.00016304647,0.003341541],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867737,0.0002485693,0.012037361,0.00001990916,0.000016455326,0.000026388761,0.000030413306,0.00003750252,0.00080970884],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989533,0.000026203224,0.0000035215949,0.000018889627,0.00004508858,0.000010976334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998055,0.00011756131,0.000023658124,0.000011061469,0.000027915188,0.000014394607],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039907955,0.0002442563,0.00043864187,0.00031999304,0.00016682432,0.00031098592,0.0003808814,0.00030790592,0.00036319534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009048885,0.00017866371,0.00028273297,0.00013393574,0.0006404378,0.00076587516,0.00038092298,0.00030557142,0.000058942696],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008356046,0.000030061805,0.0019632666,0.00007474213,0.000021771788,0.00034204155,0.00011273193,0.79784167,0.12409488,0.06362459,0.00039870624,0.011411992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004929105,0.000012549789,0.00032667944,0.0000016016767,0.0000014593741,0.0000239467,0.0000021503333,0.9926922,0.0034810032,0.0033094895,0.00014006037,0.000004009903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006712919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032600752,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006712919,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056695647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030211962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0041136146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001614296","doi":"10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2000)126:2(138)","title":"Optimization Study of Flocculation Mixing by Means of Grids","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Cochrane; University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Solidity; Turbidity; Impeller; Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Flocculation; Particle (ecology); Turbulence; Agitator; Environmental science; Materials science; Geology; Environmental engineering; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.002858936370031712,"score_gpt":0.1659901789599964,"score_spread":0.1631312425899647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001614296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96870583,0.0004975408,0.029355558,0.000047467187,0.000046942107,0.00010791018,0.00006889949,0.00016459925,0.0010053741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9549328,0.00044431517,0.0437453,0.00001605944,0.000013390465,0.00008028427,0.00009910939,0.000050908366,0.0006178001],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99968946,0.000063729756,0.00003740878,0.00006892887,0.00009291365,0.000047572787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996557,0.000107745815,0.0001086634,0.000035957855,0.000057436162,0.000034404016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041323632,0.0007117019,0.00056842767,0.00039826584,0.00023395263,0.00049866945,0.00032192262,0.0002526281,0.00045725907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009371012,0.0002389462,0.00030534426,0.0004329242,0.00021980725,0.000326358,0.00035275592,0.00023461047,0.00020685358],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043354233,0.00009026836,0.0023762542,0.00024964527,0.00003315076,0.00013752394,0.000060910814,0.015015223,0.961231,0.00037007907,0.00012642493,0.019876081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009691876,0.0011803126,0.0046450784,0.000019526782,0.000063138636,0.00013231719,0.000052637813,0.039880645,0.9510323,0.00014647478,0.002728237,0.000022348957],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00071296154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00087806967,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00071296154,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028385385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019517365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002185464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001852216","doi":"10.1007/s11666-007-9082-z","title":"A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Cold Spray Process: The Effects of Substrate Location and Shape","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Substrate (aquarium); Materials science; Gas dynamic cold spray; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Process (computing); Coating; Supersonic speed; Spray nozzle; Work (physics); Choked flow; Volumetric flow rate; Nozzle; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.004234041503681706,"score_gpt":0.2184492447374087,"score_spread":0.214215203233727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2001852216","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8744023,0.0007549137,0.109973304,0.0003005022,0.00008546884,0.00009346273,0.00022868288,0.0003713309,0.01379006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911246,0.000238511,0.0062133423,0.00002797648,0.0000125203205,0.00001734295,0.00007780389,0.000060312614,0.002227544],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999132,0.000011190162,0.0000031750146,0.000010825416,0.00004791458,0.000013630606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982506,0.000078012716,0.000018419983,0.00001542356,0.000046659952,0.000016401238],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019361131,0.00041757268,0.00066104665,0.0002912184,0.000563624,0.0011961915,0.0005728531,0.00086707383,0.002089487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00057597674,0.00034804374,0.0006380131,0.00028848267,0.00074404065,0.000520458,0.00035945533,0.0004252821,0.0002340914],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026084043,0.00010925899,0.0028118605,0.0001266948,0.000038931827,0.0005548045,0.00019239607,0.8101442,0.16823839,0.004321436,0.00062939903,0.012571826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016985778,0.000055474655,0.0016763161,0.0000032533599,0.000009774729,0.0000672462,0.000029928127,0.9878127,0.009629966,0.0002460991,0.00043530247,0.000016964248],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006179692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032739223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006179692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004541765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00077394344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012287438},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002102147","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450820520","title":"Pressure Fluctuations in Jet Spouted Beds","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Materials science; Conical surface; Standard deviation; Pressure drop; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Drop (telecommunication); Optics; Composite material; Physics; Chemistry; Mathematics; Geology","score_opus":0.0058975341772347705,"score_gpt":0.185259211203268,"score_spread":0.17936167702603323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2002102147","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919848,0.00022169903,0.0073333816,0.000029053444,0.000019123565,0.000017701406,0.00010891557,0.00007880595,0.00020649511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980411,0.000126818,0.0014278712,0.000013120733,0.0000105375275,0.000014940726,0.00019804358,0.0000065682448,0.00016099201],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993086,0.00010520792,0.000040716524,0.000094995965,0.0003198171,0.00013061086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990159,0.00045746367,0.00014176185,0.00004673958,0.00024974812,0.00008841711],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00072483614,0.0002915062,0.0005546287,0.0005665681,0.00045974745,0.0009043051,0.0005342723,0.0003262942,0.0003228108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022204132,0.00030388898,0.00021640287,0.00057826145,0.0005926874,0.0006271668,0.00039939448,0.0005946919,0.00011190709],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019753312,0.00034086732,0.012845198,0.00013531638,0.00004725211,0.00057512097,0.00019710435,0.027787028,0.9379389,0.00053359254,0.00030690953,0.017317275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000097056254,0.0016630834,0.02648354,0.000016103208,0.000034122822,0.00016434815,0.00013445607,0.1077158,0.862815,0.00023519188,0.00058291684,0.000058311027],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022530518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008521898,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022530518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056266965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044750542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004479885},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003276266","doi":"10.1615/atomizspr.2013007728","title":"A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF A FLASH ATOMIZED WATER JET USING A PHASE DOPPLER PARTICLE ANALYZER","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atomization and Sprays","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Flashing; Nozzle; Superheating; Materials science; Jet (fluid); Spectrum analyzer; Sauter mean diameter; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Optics; Spray characteristics; Flash (photography); Phase (matter); Range (aeronautics); Spray nozzle; Composite material; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.017126622071423188,"score_gpt":0.25714286041398315,"score_spread":0.24001623834255997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003276266","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911341,0.000104792474,0.007900053,0.000028458082,0.000008225408,0.000038504226,0.000043213957,0.000055051703,0.00068754714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99496895,0.00011577679,0.0043229098,0.000008980871,0.000005225373,0.000020397827,0.000036819078,0.000009901407,0.00051109167],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99975747,0.000015909352,0.000008052385,0.000046604986,0.00013816044,0.000033813078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997129,0.00013876618,0.000046561017,0.00002946618,0.00005501869,0.000017230339],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029223,0.00023337649,0.0002546325,0.00022500985,0.00022235276,0.00031367145,0.00042328532,0.0002768721,0.00085776945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006395866,0.00016540545,0.00015677205,0.00023538839,0.0003993956,0.0004608055,0.0003689266,0.00030131993,0.00007585563],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008450374,0.000027223085,0.00095312734,0.000027530563,0.000004013541,0.000118285534,0.0001539787,0.0007526894,0.99207217,0.00022142124,0.000038548354,0.0055464883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003071132,0.0014125557,0.010621756,0.0000062414365,0.000018134477,0.00028153267,0.00013901196,0.019424876,0.96645546,0.00015482416,0.0014270846,0.000027798045],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007386513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045696358,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00085776945,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003056501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027010188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0028695464},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2003657326","doi":"10.1063/1.1947987","title":"Particle concentration evolution and sedimentation-induced instabilities in a stably stratified environment","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Schlumberger Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Icon; Citation; Physics; Download; Publishing; Information retrieval; World Wide Web; Computer science; Art","score_opus":0.013579397914267691,"score_gpt":0.22237144847053697,"score_spread":0.2087920505562693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2003657326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96837485,0.0006898077,0.016327538,0.000642695,0.000052593106,0.000026108975,0.00043435232,0.0002752294,0.013176855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99552286,0.00021727693,0.001428666,0.000040540424,0.0000152542025,0.000007857157,0.00012357147,0.000035207187,0.0026086897],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999944,0.0000069541766,0.0000031138218,0.000012450478,0.000021868113,0.000011735728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973947,0.00006675952,0.00007310344,0.0000119354245,0.0000530587,0.000055752014],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010562237,0.00012069071,0.00018159808,0.00045567908,0.00030618208,0.00067369145,0.00022867341,0.0003464717,0.0016516265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008647532,0.00018919102,0.00013684439,0.00030366716,0.0003070125,0.00041419332,0.00046729442,0.00024857398,0.00039108822],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014094054,0.00022210169,0.09997855,0.00028780138,0.00012621586,0.0031280536,0.00077513786,0.16667329,0.56548965,0.06579081,0.021996953,0.074122146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013433814,0.00026563258,0.11335482,0.000033113964,0.00006148149,0.0006443426,0.00032016146,0.7592894,0.09694423,0.02133427,0.007480638,0.00013755928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041949092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028632462,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0041949092,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006936461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004476012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008341014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004006672","doi":"10.1615/atomizspr.v20.i5.40","title":"AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRIC PNEUMATIC NEBULIZER USED IN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMAMASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP-MS)","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atomization and Sprays","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Nebulizer; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Aerosol; Mass spectrometry; Inductively coupled plasma; Materials science; Nozzle; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Volumetric flow rate; Chromatography; Plasma; Chemistry; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.0070439697620597415,"score_gpt":0.20460508149767576,"score_spread":0.19756111173561602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004006672","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9641128,0.00073818536,0.03320356,0.000052912106,0.00002626408,0.000113796814,0.00035023218,0.00018453738,0.0012175519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96110326,0.00057615474,0.036831446,0.000037526446,0.000010813183,0.000067413945,0.00031641824,0.000046801393,0.0010103217],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970514,0.00002379322,0.000013050957,0.000062956984,0.00017872387,0.000016173533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984634,0.0000484272,0.000024442164,0.000014501791,0.000057234935,0.000009055381],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035158524,0.0002541649,0.00031119116,0.00025934065,0.00028658152,0.00020561396,0.0003071753,0.0003583849,0.0005978306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005979887,0.00011099197,0.00019359452,0.0001631035,0.00024431525,0.00018523104,0.00017835599,0.00024556747,0.00016785988],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019418705,0.000008275498,0.00029318867,0.000021859163,0.0000018203247,0.000022923372,0.000021698237,0.00024405839,0.9967133,0.000057664754,0.000022811628,0.0025730857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000041933054,0.00013516194,0.004591581,0.0000036915133,0.0000052825862,0.00013522524,0.000019185605,0.0044496995,0.9897058,0.00006250311,0.0008812989,0.0000062451413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010302003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008918573,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010302003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00023028704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027884223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020484328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004119655","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/500/11/112026","title":"Explosive formation of coherent particle jets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Explosive material; Conical surface; Jet (fluid); Particle (ecology); Kinetic energy; Mechanics; Ligand cone angle; Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Composite material; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.02273414601102098,"score_gpt":0.2257528325530755,"score_spread":0.20301868654205452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2004119655","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94940346,0.00023478243,0.045914482,0.00007003239,0.0000560838,0.0000592732,0.000058216683,0.00013151375,0.0040721763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98913354,0.0001003869,0.008602772,0.000035724723,0.000008194852,0.000019880787,0.0001111559,0.000025611125,0.001962767],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979824,0.000015614807,0.000011343158,0.000038995066,0.00009091812,0.00004491225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994722,0.00013649026,0.00012249863,0.0000701408,0.000108530985,0.00009011506],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003110915,0.0002393466,0.00027637387,0.00030158405,0.0003627818,0.0009116009,0.000322403,0.00036490127,0.0010227837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011657826,0.00031344878,0.0003224144,0.00017212046,0.0006508919,0.0006389563,0.00081484555,0.000585761,0.00015026134],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022832512,0.00022348185,0.0049227024,0.00015161854,0.00003176013,0.0011420547,0.00044142932,0.065846436,0.88686305,0.021928547,0.0006287819,0.017591903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021869523,0.0006467906,0.012475377,0.00003553715,0.000029912868,0.00054937886,0.00017442292,0.3414326,0.63538796,0.0049795746,0.0040078033,0.000061926075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009663974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00079113105,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010227837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045318913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004580735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003421545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005225034","doi":"10.1115/gt2005-68666","title":"Large-Eddy Simulation of Transition in a Separation Bubble","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Pratt and Whitney Canada","keywords":"Large eddy simulation; Turbulence; Mechanics; Bubble; Airfoil; Turbulence modeling; Separation (statistics); Computational fluid dynamics; Grid; Dissipation; Turbine; Detached eddy simulation; Physics; Materials science; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.009114132326048094,"score_gpt":0.2718587825439627,"score_spread":0.2627446502179146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2005225034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767561,0.000056090106,0.021519817,0.00007448234,0.000014418393,0.000024488765,0.000054526656,0.0001413293,0.0013588935],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961532,0.000016415292,0.0033867343,0.00001004931,0.0000023033117,0.000014278046,0.00004818946,0.000014447508,0.00035431693],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993134,0.000014002197,0.0000038116166,0.00001073039,0.000018367018,0.00002170623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996061,0.00021555256,0.0000374381,0.000019667665,0.00004603862,0.00007530138],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000251816,0.00019814678,0.00032226043,0.00018246072,0.00034630165,0.000503654,0.00042050285,0.00061265414,0.00096142077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00096238713,0.00017682841,0.00025129554,0.00015596971,0.00055079506,0.0005262658,0.00038599607,0.0005496049,0.0000770911],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032038553,0.00017022574,0.0045410357,0.000041365212,0.000024106035,0.0002786033,0.0001246124,0.9645442,0.024418829,0.0026734835,0.0002446307,0.002618483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018024652,0.000024264653,0.00044818711,0.0000011139844,0.0000014750831,0.0000074573036,0.0000135056225,0.99805814,0.0012399793,0.00012930667,0.00005541436,0.0000031644463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008928895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036682384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008928895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005102954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006631296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01775384},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007428582","doi":"10.1007/s12217-011-9291-4","title":"Vibration-Induced Attraction of a Particle Towards a Wall in Microgravity—The Mechanism of Attraction Force","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microgravity Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Attraction; Particle (ecology); Vibration; Mechanics; Mechanism (biology); Classical mechanics; Materials science; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Viscosity; Bernoulli's principle; Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.023019264818026887,"score_gpt":0.23737281660586657,"score_spread":0.21435355178783969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2007428582","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682625,0.00095474883,0.022977848,0.00039548922,0.00018780513,0.000022455466,0.000028588005,0.000079029065,0.007091499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978084,0.00013528221,0.0010247675,0.00003325804,0.000016790083,0.0000056548606,0.00000982117,0.000006340776,0.0009597201],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999428,0.000006766663,0.0000018392844,0.000013528699,0.000015614116,0.000019536248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99992096,0.00002110071,0.000016703405,0.000008792134,0.000010327222,0.000022072565],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012359607,0.00016656905,0.00022990532,0.00022902513,0.0005706207,0.00041010426,0.0003567155,0.00043770915,0.002041044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023167295,0.00016310411,0.00020401708,0.00009967793,0.0006283128,0.0005246331,0.0005616329,0.0003599224,0.00021608453],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005340326,0.000103110935,0.0035771215,0.00025201577,0.000045646502,0.0010448704,0.0005191509,0.012310373,0.9218756,0.031033847,0.001095246,0.027609127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019686652,0.001107669,0.066651955,0.00006424981,0.00007957875,0.0016366806,0.00088520977,0.55227786,0.34317926,0.025303151,0.00839541,0.00022211183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00042428254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032720258,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002041044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020653212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013990409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0068279505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008751108","doi":"10.1002/cjce.21923","title":"Particles deposition at horizontal flat plate in turbulent particulate flow","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Laminar flow; Mechanics; Particle deposition; Boundary layer; Deposition (geology); Turbulence; Materials science; Lift (data mining); Entrainment (biomusicology); Laminar sublayer; Flow separation; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.005512075102715827,"score_gpt":0.1665294642438754,"score_spread":0.1610173891411596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008751108","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944009,0.00013611952,0.004219395,0.000023705426,0.0000138054975,0.000016746953,0.000050472172,0.00003495928,0.0011040091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99737084,0.000090818554,0.0016955261,0.0000081630205,0.000002903459,0.000008561359,0.000049174185,0.000004240323,0.0007698632],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988127,0.000010748412,0.000005034677,0.000024810659,0.00004020521,0.00003801068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999106,0.000031697225,0.000021722593,0.0000053946337,0.000014956869,0.000015769363],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014564104,0.00033355594,0.00034957236,0.00031575613,0.0004709137,0.00065787404,0.00020526547,0.00043367944,0.0005360753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002554795,0.00020307524,0.00041774823,0.00017700419,0.0004968065,0.00020163684,0.00035953487,0.0002659979,0.00011328103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038016532,0.00010753912,0.006239044,0.00019791209,0.000040110077,0.0006693523,0.00022234817,0.19202211,0.79020965,0.0035441355,0.00016395647,0.0062035224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013379056,0.00078891916,0.025391558,0.000028218165,0.000042910528,0.00019885066,0.00023357444,0.66787153,0.30326056,0.0010770415,0.0009036071,0.0000694952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009242287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033530565,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009242287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008965378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006974632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018377006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008861238","doi":"10.1007/s11663-001-0047-1","title":"Dimensionless correlations for forced convection in liquid metals: Part I. single-phase flow","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Prandtl number; Dimensionless quantity; Work (physics); Thermodynamics; Forced convection; Flow (mathematics); Heat transfer; Convective heat transfer; Phase (matter); Aluminium; Convection; Chemistry; Liquid phase; Materials science; Physics; Mechanics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.026716014828341066,"score_gpt":0.2524296654827924,"score_spread":0.22571365065445131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008861238","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.42648783,0.03906064,0.50995433,0.001558404,0.0021552416,0.00024013633,0.0006379612,0.0009805657,0.018924942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9725729,0.004860849,0.016908914,0.00011218033,0.00047301353,0.00014421009,0.00031527528,0.00021040573,0.0044021583],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999718,0.00008912491,0.000025022877,0.000047678746,0.00008689526,0.000033263455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984907,0.0008273835,0.0002590747,0.00011803438,0.00020222065,0.00010249774],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010542339,0.00056818966,0.0006430102,0.0019712173,0.00041603358,0.0014380642,0.00072494044,0.00077522,0.0025857354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006063471,0.00029025326,0.00055106,0.0010040964,0.0012237459,0.002501266,0.00068789016,0.0011029416,0.0004475146],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023838606,0.00017558351,0.0027780633,0.001014472,0.000052911284,0.00043806888,0.00036494268,0.21668582,0.037561286,0.6681321,0.009925022,0.06263335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000036453483,0.00007977252,0.0028750352,0.0000858026,0.000015822874,0.00021402437,0.000045151624,0.8712124,0.008046466,0.112854555,0.004455666,0.0000788578],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00067637634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004805695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025857354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007241605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000770483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008650184},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008868572","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2007.04.002","title":"Modeling the evolution of droplet size distribution in two-phase flows","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Mechanics; Phase (matter); Two-phase flow; Distribution (mathematics); Statistical physics; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.011082096072596217,"score_gpt":0.3026121059438943,"score_spread":0.2915300098712981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2008868572","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93546903,0.00019541447,0.06139243,0.00024260188,0.000042814427,0.000040932082,0.00006411718,0.00013074007,0.0024219146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936039,0.000064821725,0.005297653,0.000019657084,0.000008873011,0.000015335227,0.000030247935,0.000021916348,0.00093759346],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999281,0.000014677488,0.0000035507599,0.00001758405,0.000015817446,0.000020187168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994848,0.00033858756,0.00006283503,0.000019526555,0.00004714419,0.000047162535],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033007812,0.00045903452,0.00044264528,0.00038906996,0.0003710544,0.00083225867,0.00075243734,0.0013443365,0.000590018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012806113,0.0003945833,0.000413831,0.0002606003,0.0005959546,0.0010189547,0.00038177695,0.00047703946,0.00007188638],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006353389,0.0000859556,0.0018759243,0.000020760192,0.000010451134,0.0000856102,0.000027178248,0.9847419,0.008695016,0.0024048772,0.00007578078,0.0019129181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003363992,0.0000038032638,0.00007997401,2.636808e-7,7.2971625e-7,0.000002972095,0.0000016506174,0.99941707,0.00035055258,0.0001223372,0.000016150225,0.0000012100454],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008503452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032330377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008503452,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010289233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00065414555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01690787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010253430","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450820201","title":"Turbulence Modulation in Gas‐Particle Flows: A Comparison of Selected Models","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Modulation (music); K-epsilon turbulence model; K-omega turbulence model; Mechanics; Physics; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Turbulence modeling; Statistical physics; Geology","score_opus":0.012176061952641514,"score_gpt":0.20473568530238198,"score_spread":0.19255962334974047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2010253430","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.82375234,0.010314043,0.14314072,0.0011616319,0.00031303984,0.00030941406,0.000542418,0.001110952,0.019355405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861456,0.0028792773,0.009372121,0.000059385264,0.00013499953,0.000120166835,0.0002817262,0.00008865551,0.00091811054],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99974173,0.00009091506,0.000023191134,0.000027350394,0.00008332165,0.000033419383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912935,0.00050408475,0.000094326475,0.000075942065,0.00012684798,0.000069428184],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009116394,0.0009113299,0.0014850165,0.0013722713,0.00060888374,0.0014904545,0.0012607499,0.0012577417,0.0008820981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016335509,0.000364429,0.0012173142,0.0010325236,0.00054161367,0.0008662331,0.0006807859,0.0005458637,0.00018453717],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031961172,0.00016590333,0.0034518891,0.00012192426,0.00006556809,0.00012988476,0.000069931855,0.97215873,0.0017904819,0.008672505,0.00061945524,0.012434063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022774282,0.000026229416,0.00037937632,0.000008937404,0.000011024577,0.0000068975173,0.000007367255,0.9982248,0.00023760219,0.00086469343,0.00020444789,0.0000058656938],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009639255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002888511,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009639255,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013632722,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007160266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01916629},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011477227","doi":"10.1002/aic.11181","title":"Modeling of an aerosol reactor for optimizing product properties","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Vale (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Aerosol; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Plug flow reactor model; Particle (ecology); Residence time distribution; Condensation; Chemical reactor; Process engineering; Particle size; Mechanics; Reactor design; Nuclear engineering; Flow (mathematics); Continuous stirred-tank reactor; Chemistry; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.037676686086914095,"score_gpt":0.2573328784751603,"score_spread":0.21965619238824619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2011477227","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.62920463,0.0006276256,0.35643554,0.00025039449,0.00007320957,0.00018262003,0.00030306188,0.00061680423,0.0123061305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9738898,0.00014672361,0.023231348,0.000012817437,0.0000065296463,0.00007890192,0.000088464105,0.000033444496,0.0025120203],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998764,0.000025679386,0.0000043547147,0.000023145447,0.000049151346,0.000021248634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998592,0.00006987907,0.000018824097,0.000009097055,0.00003044847,0.000012539767],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036161437,0.0004618858,0.0006425691,0.00029514055,0.00036911867,0.00064606196,0.00063072954,0.000750491,0.0012452572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046544662,0.0002939084,0.0006074544,0.00016211241,0.00027316116,0.00036998215,0.00031865353,0.00030336765,0.00023955618],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046001594,0.00003603854,0.00056354597,0.00003705622,0.000008233203,0.00008626731,0.000012164416,0.977535,0.017297741,0.00094722846,0.00013696251,0.0032937934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007648834,0.000026123846,0.00008274673,0.0000011428995,0.000002418503,0.00000833692,0.0000018163294,0.996145,0.003432625,0.00010333285,0.00018696427,0.0000018016482],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00494322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022558223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00494322,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008882835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00087475975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009828925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012578583","doi":"10.1002/2014gl060059","title":"Effects of particle mixtures and nozzle geometry on entrainment into volcanic jets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Entrainment (biomusicology); Plume; Geology; Mechanics; Turbulence; Eddy; Volcano; Inflow; Jet (fluid); Explosive eruption; Particle (ecology); Atmospheric sciences; Geometry; Pyroclastic rock; Meteorology; Physics; Seismology","score_opus":0.00977561340627868,"score_gpt":0.26812340035766535,"score_spread":0.25834778695138666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012578583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931496,0.0012166735,0.0023445524,0.00014190706,0.000077452256,0.00001763069,0.000083566985,0.00009753548,0.0028711595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978802,0.00033856955,0.00035116536,0.000035717312,0.000025032388,0.000004048925,0.000043553842,0.00004418444,0.001277608],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996902,0.000051351577,0.000020824114,0.000085868385,0.00007867878,0.00007309307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99912626,0.0005319284,0.00012788124,0.00003514454,0.0000946124,0.000084165025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005511945,0.0003599754,0.000718524,0.00025219395,0.00049549295,0.0016326607,0.00037319478,0.00064849126,0.005239604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020496568,0.00035964543,0.00031103753,0.00016855742,0.00046188006,0.0009613896,0.00069778174,0.000566896,0.00060599775],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002131765,0.00013288413,0.002910718,0.00018091589,0.000052228494,0.0003609362,0.00012063048,0.013420675,0.9699795,0.00042305645,0.00022996192,0.0100566065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008000116,0.0006335014,0.013251647,0.00001692161,0.000082154285,0.00013908953,0.00013798727,0.024959533,0.9594814,0.00022161614,0.00096275756,0.000033442953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00081773795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006947069,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005239604,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004041762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021606332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017528236},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2012680501","doi":"10.1361/105996306x147027","title":"Photographing Impact of Plasma-Sprayed Particles on Metal Substrates","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Inconel; Pyrometer; Thermal spraying; Molybdenum; Metallurgy; Plasma; Composite material; Substrate (aquarium); Particle (ecology); Brazing; Temperature measurement; Coating","score_opus":0.0069087833464908585,"score_gpt":0.23011457239655791,"score_spread":0.22320578905006705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2012680501","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96302694,0.001702827,0.009105966,0.0006303381,0.0003345266,0.000169124,0.000613368,0.00032490157,0.024091955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755643,0.0007070597,0.010770207,0.00015980318,0.00006429902,0.00005139881,0.00048569366,0.00009913183,0.012098182],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984765,0.0000076221627,0.000008575666,0.000027897497,0.000061705585,0.000046508485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960285,0.00017908504,0.000029467772,0.000056198434,0.00007807412,0.000054352637],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016676867,0.0003964191,0.00037963435,0.0006534256,0.00049392384,0.00046347486,0.0004770765,0.00087190553,0.010359364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000288648,0.00039623395,0.00039393365,0.00034631515,0.0004334858,0.00043125005,0.00040753777,0.0011788124,0.0006518299],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005058884,0.000076905446,0.0012781554,0.00020356696,0.000028469161,0.0017560858,0.00033485243,0.0010961363,0.9868587,0.001017798,0.0009594822,0.005883988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019696687,0.0010894337,0.1260509,0.00010409233,0.00008182441,0.0039315987,0.0010580872,0.014802881,0.8401205,0.0006653953,0.011847223,0.000051152674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022650764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002623045,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010359364,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043797004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037079214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03465557},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2016594034","doi":"10.1002/cite.200403337","title":"Einfluss einer Laval‐Düse auf die Partikelbildung im Flammenprozess","year":2004,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"Chemie Ingenieur Technik","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science","score_opus":0.009840533199099343,"score_gpt":0.22802539359500715,"score_spread":0.21818486039590781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2016594034","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932581,0.0027245171,0.0013445939,0.00011144997,0.000075466,0.000020586347,0.00010420537,0.000106451924,0.002254704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978594,0.000524195,0.0005796205,0.000029322431,0.000013106126,0.000005494232,0.000047248584,0.000013976302,0.000927571],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999032,0.000013952616,0.000003809242,0.000021345191,0.000025788991,0.000031894575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996699,0.00018360316,0.00004287026,0.000022282748,0.000032842036,0.00004840513],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016731993,0.00025409728,0.00020221117,0.00018396234,0.00037892966,0.0006437924,0.00016931757,0.00036164437,0.0039906176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045796967,0.0001350981,0.00025268566,0.00010368303,0.000348128,0.00031379052,0.00034459768,0.00041496693,0.00029775826],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006750793,0.00003560476,0.0004384632,0.00007812974,0.000016395043,0.000113509755,0.000047435246,0.0009088908,0.99001783,0.00015961344,0.0001709819,0.007338092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000035208308,0.0005095857,0.0027502952,0.000008920955,0.000029087174,0.00008004563,0.000052063497,0.003416924,0.9905466,0.00015683522,0.0024038656,0.000010694952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012972548,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006805099,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0039906176,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027066414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017700552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01334995},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017481151","doi":"10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.132","title":"Removing 20 nm ceramic particles using a supersonic particle beam from a contoured Laval nozzle","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thin Solid Films","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Argon; Ceramic; Particle (ecology); Supersonic speed; Beam (structure); Nucleation; Particle beam; Materials science; Substrate (aquarium); Jet (fluid); Composite material; Optics; Chemistry; Atomic physics; Mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01786661564143387,"score_gpt":0.24893229511170087,"score_spread":0.231065679470267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017481151","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9626681,0.0008123646,0.029621229,0.00038730731,0.0001753865,0.00010064159,0.00018907317,0.0004836992,0.00556231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9609723,0.00039633203,0.033180073,0.0002277129,0.000032881017,0.00004115351,0.00024971782,0.0001905258,0.0047092736],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996451,0.0000134072825,0.000020165044,0.00006842851,0.00018711052,0.00006577035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970514,0.00010502737,0.000058945985,0.00005036583,0.00005133428,0.000029092296],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005584698,0.00031566943,0.0006888434,0.00031347238,0.0007033726,0.00088591164,0.0006212628,0.0008914461,0.0016392688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004822782,0.00039567988,0.0005238284,0.00025113652,0.0005062922,0.000652157,0.00069159357,0.0009525429,0.0005707671],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007361716,0.00001061593,0.00023277818,0.00002883739,0.000004926265,0.000075266194,0.00006531219,0.00015548841,0.9971,0.00025120119,0.00013746887,0.0018646389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000037282487,0.00008373381,0.0015143333,0.0000046780037,0.000009756354,0.0000945957,0.000038301194,0.0020945624,0.99399215,0.00006473089,0.0020542673,0.000011583041],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019099086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025891366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019099086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007434485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008259199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054839253},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017538648","doi":"10.1115/1.2957914","title":"Dense Particulate Flow in a Cold Gas Dynamic Spray System","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Particle velocity; Shock wave; Gas dynamic cold spray; Shock (circulatory); Nozzle; Stokes number; Volume fraction; Deposition (geology); Particle size; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Composite material; Physics; Geology; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.006718756686467565,"score_gpt":0.1912860531988202,"score_spread":0.18456729651235262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017538648","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865241,0.00013111414,0.012311351,0.000048441456,0.000019694795,0.000038121398,0.000032566313,0.00015148289,0.0007430843],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99241394,0.00012539962,0.0061645675,0.000022341268,0.000013584953,0.000024983456,0.000076153214,0.000011724261,0.0011472803],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998549,0.000019481064,0.0000055260657,0.00003105042,0.000065387234,0.000023600116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981326,0.00005895731,0.00002839097,0.000013783143,0.000042667878,0.00004293451],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027138117,0.0003114203,0.0008353175,0.0002919621,0.0005095393,0.00050126674,0.00040411996,0.00049047364,0.0008043334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003225475,0.00019315312,0.00019973636,0.00019262877,0.00052963744,0.00031687375,0.0005796446,0.0002971185,0.0001400178],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047556,0.00022560173,0.003375055,0.00012834139,0.0000283889,0.00080314605,0.0002685052,0.056064416,0.92237085,0.0023512635,0.00030939613,0.013599481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044813813,0.0027725988,0.009186635,0.000016263033,0.00005380358,0.00050254323,0.00016477043,0.6375202,0.34422302,0.0015066027,0.003530082,0.00007533819],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032573815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016602167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032573815,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053165434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000586088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006476879},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017761093","doi":"10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00523-x","title":"Measurement of hydrodynamic data of gas-phase polymerization reactors using non-intrusive methods","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysis Today","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Polymerization; Gas phase; Catalysis; Chemistry; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Polymer; Engineering","score_opus":0.05280361609759774,"score_gpt":0.3450584027160488,"score_spread":0.29225478661845106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2017761093","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94688886,0.0017215074,0.04835125,0.00017988199,0.0000859438,0.000072495925,0.00063089473,0.0005397883,0.0015294342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9634203,0.00183193,0.030854907,0.00019249566,0.00011159913,0.000160097,0.0010621627,0.000107166336,0.0022592556],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999374,0.00010501803,0.000039444567,0.00010081402,0.00032024577,0.00006056897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982101,0.0010399622,0.00024016753,0.00016494199,0.00020200155,0.00014286225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007565125,0.000478533,0.00040919633,0.0008591801,0.0003259323,0.00041519146,0.0006631618,0.0005001649,0.0009272961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016195185,0.00032799836,0.00019950111,0.0007379066,0.00056043616,0.0007859332,0.00038793348,0.0011094704,0.0002921773],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001468107,0.00004794648,0.000730432,0.00004521973,0.000006292858,0.000023030085,0.00006680081,0.000071574184,0.9945655,0.00012755123,0.00008570828,0.0040832413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011673926,0.0001064228,0.0032119988,0.0000028224508,0.00001063927,0.00008504361,0.000013626028,0.0016970736,0.9941366,0.00005631986,0.0006574121,0.000010338994],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00038365606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00046181466,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009272961,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002999636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002381724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004000902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018200508","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2005.11.039","title":"Flow field investigation in a photocatalytic reactor for air treatment (Photo-CREC–air)","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pressure drop; Photocatalysis; Computational fluid dynamics; Aerodynamics; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Venturi effect; Airflow; Mechanics; Mass flow; Chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Inlet","score_opus":0.008854738321424364,"score_gpt":0.21520183039579047,"score_spread":0.2063470920743661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018200508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99580574,0.00026677872,0.002254829,0.00014914521,0.00004807206,0.00002859879,0.00009743198,0.00007606702,0.0012734226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977489,0.00007167254,0.0012211803,0.000022167404,0.000012054853,0.000008077553,0.00006678539,0.0000058113055,0.0008433295],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999033,0.000012797099,0.0000040349664,0.000029248522,0.000027848013,0.000022702216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997609,0.00011273129,0.000030426492,0.000012831324,0.00005452447,0.00002866401],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025955017,0.00022206863,0.0004485567,0.00031968844,0.0007164662,0.0006474032,0.0002921818,0.00073170033,0.0013912196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035095797,0.00014301282,0.00026102402,0.0001570692,0.0006463677,0.00050782727,0.00017503533,0.0006327692,0.000119943485],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010888332,0.00027817523,0.0034460996,0.00009035499,0.000011261199,0.0003509702,0.00015312944,0.0025893264,0.9821,0.00079666515,0.00034654545,0.008748733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012921676,0.0011707214,0.016081393,0.000017168573,0.000026119646,0.00025148486,0.0001836346,0.060396653,0.9197678,0.00029082174,0.0016522559,0.00003269923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0039243517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013648863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0039243517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054632075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005645776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007803023},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018313809","doi":"10.1115/imece2004-60723","title":"Effects of Shock Waves on the Particle Acceleration for Cold Gas Dynamic Spray","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Gas dynamic cold spray; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Particle velocity; Shock wave; Acceleration; Mechanics; Supersonic speed; Spray nozzle; Substrate (aquarium); Shock (circulatory); Coating; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.008881534775797353,"score_gpt":0.2234714933792654,"score_spread":0.21458995860346802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2018313809","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98025644,0.00025017402,0.016443271,0.00005854259,0.000030046302,0.000024143617,0.00002180385,0.00009373459,0.0028217733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976041,0.00009604812,0.0017526252,0.000008830659,0.0000025390034,0.000004768747,0.000013593619,0.000008575162,0.00050898566],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999163,0.0000112058315,0.000003041989,0.000010337699,0.000032724398,0.000026215397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982893,0.00009300242,0.000024231116,0.000011004552,0.000029837176,0.000013015667],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015893494,0.000209381,0.00023974855,0.00017002068,0.00027005502,0.0004086247,0.00015446762,0.00030894452,0.0012634516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005372928,0.00017914562,0.00030890005,0.000094160256,0.0003380806,0.00021634264,0.00026691725,0.00026545976,0.000114229515],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005581078,0.00008055924,0.008325395,0.00020351936,0.00004012827,0.0012663177,0.00036150627,0.32231292,0.636724,0.006407787,0.00041541553,0.0233043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009009114,0.00042332985,0.0074455305,0.000013051844,0.000029559373,0.0002897522,0.00013838097,0.80250865,0.18649912,0.0007831603,0.0017529092,0.000026473414],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022324095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010054695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022324095,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003422871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028780958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004438877},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019439921","doi":"10.1063/1.1751631","title":"Growth and decay dynamics of a stable microbubble produced at the end of a near-field scanning optical microscopy fiber probe","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Institute for Microstructural Sciences","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Microheater; Materials science; Laser; Optical microscope; Optics; Liquid bubble; Microscopy; Optical fiber; Fiber; Laser power scaling; Scanning electron microscope; Fabrication; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.006084387140692816,"score_gpt":0.2174793441604029,"score_spread":0.2113949570197101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019439921","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891804,0.0002667696,0.009966038,0.000043123142,0.000010681495,0.000014316011,0.000072575305,0.00009097264,0.0003550736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882351,0.00016168325,0.009671892,0.000017335422,0.000005538969,0.000023568013,0.00009920895,0.00003575022,0.00174989],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999884,0.0000065991135,0.0000039563597,0.000025725318,0.000059439906,0.000020197389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994802,0.0001751835,0.00012347958,0.00003182376,0.0001178356,0.00007153187],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023292413,0.00021336082,0.00023985557,0.00028980366,0.00019392984,0.00023961352,0.00029512786,0.00041779864,0.0006398159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062088756,0.00017615694,0.00012719286,0.00010639336,0.00028954432,0.00033556952,0.00017511011,0.00040783957,0.00016413505],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000025859272,0.0000053482636,0.00011605459,0.000007814861,8.1878477e-7,0.000027996213,0.000028111472,0.000060847728,0.9988488,0.00006138336,0.000008599161,0.0008083409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005245569,0.00014168028,0.0014046463,0.0000021056655,0.000003495939,0.00006293402,0.000011551567,0.0031654164,0.99482936,0.000026491396,0.00034276332,0.0000044392523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010648947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00066349655,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010648947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038838256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002193889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0028179288},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019808917","doi":"10.1103/physreve.91.023003","title":"Evolution and stability of shock waves in dissipative gases characterized by activated inelastic collisions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Instability; Shock wave; Physics; Dissipative system; Shock (circulatory); Inelastic collision; Mechanics; Relaxation (psychology); Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Nuclear physics","score_opus":0.028108029264190232,"score_gpt":0.29478407089416536,"score_spread":0.26667604162997516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019808917","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99801517,0.000031397947,0.0015125527,0.000016225904,0.000001911836,0.000004658084,0.000016222531,0.000016286866,0.00038560733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99920803,0.000026130656,0.0005467375,0.000004038025,0.0000014073253,0.000006057217,0.000032853073,0.0000051628317,0.00016957625],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990416,0.000012698176,0.00000618554,0.000016270857,0.00002483997,0.000035892568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957937,0.0001473125,0.00011656212,0.000023662407,0.00004117276,0.0000918356],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023621689,0.0002989378,0.00032872744,0.0007858767,0.00050337636,0.0010733993,0.0003777416,0.00048350374,0.00057581515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00096565514,0.00028837158,0.00031288236,0.0003695488,0.0009438894,0.00033785927,0.0005079226,0.0004887214,0.00007196457],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000821062,0.00028676496,0.0443752,0.00008862971,0.00016652515,0.0016054456,0.00087649166,0.60286176,0.3127716,0.029593559,0.00028411928,0.006268841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004018572,0.0001698776,0.009932066,0.000007996234,0.00002491312,0.00007981907,0.0001804914,0.9617043,0.02555566,0.0020629806,0.00020940385,0.0000322031],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020072516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005522699,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020072516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008326581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030113326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0060414076},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019859130","doi":"10.1115/1.1767187","title":"Modeling of Air Venting in Pressure Die Casting Process","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Mach number; Outflow; Materials science; Airflow; Overall pressure ratio; Atmospheric pressure; Constant (computer programming); Viscosity; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Meteorology; Physics","score_opus":0.009279656150739723,"score_gpt":0.2217328925289706,"score_spread":0.21245323637823088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019859130","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23620567,0.0008803454,0.74309665,0.0002720307,0.000093093775,0.0001503172,0.00038404614,0.0009967661,0.017921073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96105105,0.00070021563,0.025716964,0.00004512795,0.000028451717,0.0001582184,0.00019254434,0.000115755174,0.01199176],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998072,0.00003229792,0.000008616175,0.000041272808,0.000076561344,0.00003416305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998354,0.00007231122,0.000028509161,0.000013025164,0.000040113784,0.000010566726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023656126,0.0005842792,0.00076375506,0.0003725576,0.00046667585,0.00084095343,0.0010035412,0.0015392577,0.0014692555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061856245,0.00041654037,0.0006227778,0.0002510089,0.00040585824,0.0007752454,0.0003491389,0.00053609314,0.00038308467],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024822735,0.000022337787,0.00045707554,0.000047675447,0.0000067251203,0.00010914538,0.00005121252,0.9853697,0.0074700015,0.0026285595,0.000111353074,0.0037013628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000031682912,0.000011434301,0.000092073096,0.0000019830836,0.0000027099159,0.000016821492,0.000004387584,0.99806887,0.0011575464,0.00025998353,0.000378233,0.0000027843282],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0084897615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035188557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0084897615,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063660304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009271111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016880691},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019927116","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.033","title":"Particle deposition onto micropatterned charge heterogeneous substrates: Trajectory analysis","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Deposition (geology); Mechanics; Trajectory; Surface charge; Jet (fluid); Particle deposition; Stagnation point; Substrate (aquarium); van der Waals force; Flow (mathematics); Chemistry; Materials science; Surface (topology); Turbulence; Physics; Geometry","score_opus":0.007746084034764349,"score_gpt":0.23976903026231292,"score_spread":0.23202294622754857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2019927116","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854424,0.00008229862,0.013294941,0.000023403223,0.0000058114397,0.000020481879,0.00021026836,0.00006664225,0.00085394166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874313,0.000149384,0.010805373,0.000008762912,0.0000020381951,0.000021411755,0.00042982257,0.000024508487,0.0011274248],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999466,0.0000032390137,0.0000028680965,0.000014582492,0.000019566007,0.000013166322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99987936,0.00003998443,0.00001840806,0.000018402723,0.00003093124,0.000012935505],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013222593,0.00014102072,0.00016272167,0.0003194054,0.00031315605,0.0004115114,0.00024073695,0.00027309344,0.0013561976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030721806,0.0001392044,0.00015223626,0.00032194227,0.00015674708,0.0002930307,0.00013136394,0.00026520932,0.00023295164],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029412966,0.00009296156,0.005951961,0.000057949826,0.000028356542,0.00022450824,0.00013206506,0.019436937,0.9551088,0.0023719594,0.0002620423,0.016038302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002045496,0.00015553829,0.018794622,0.0000055071946,0.000017296969,0.00010549761,0.000093344555,0.3685906,0.6105222,0.0004085456,0.0012642684,0.000022031572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003611165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002704585,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003611165,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063602993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030405447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007180333},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020263644","doi":"10.2495/afm100461","title":"Modelling nanoparticle transport in an animal exposure chamber: a comparison between numerical and experimental measurements","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulence; Airflow; Mechanics; Nanoparticle; Fluid dynamics; Materials science; Physics; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.04009785816629853,"score_gpt":0.2692661439945705,"score_spread":0.22916828582827198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020263644","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87620574,0.00047441028,0.12039716,0.00013733134,0.000041445106,0.00012072164,0.00035752644,0.0002502446,0.0020153592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9645708,0.0010667287,0.032340758,0.00002661212,0.000008352692,0.000151612,0.00028651574,0.0000270996,0.0015215445],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983263,0.000026501462,0.000011496433,0.000046087458,0.000060969032,0.000022302258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996567,0.00019718814,0.00004483041,0.000038922637,0.000047552356,0.000014887346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030484772,0.0002999639,0.0002840347,0.00022004967,0.00022623023,0.0004561448,0.0004690467,0.0008300106,0.0005962111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007302872,0.00015773589,0.00032253857,0.00019225315,0.0002850558,0.00035072188,0.0002778897,0.00031973416,0.00015007176],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037306608,0.00032247868,0.009187877,0.00032787138,0.000044660235,0.00021243401,0.00020464971,0.39152065,0.58101916,0.0011350588,0.00019760648,0.015454536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000024798575,0.00078858243,0.004063527,0.000019877303,0.00003501221,0.00011091471,0.00007275741,0.8026538,0.19071583,0.00023985947,0.0012450044,0.000029985622],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003939465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021229128,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003939465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042153514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005720859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007833123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020385474","doi":"10.1080/15502280500387971","title":"Numerical Study of Air-Particle Two-Phase Flows Inside a Powder Coating Booth","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Airflow; Mechanics; Coating; Phase (matter); Flow (mathematics); Powder coating; Materials science; Field (mathematics); Particle size; CFD-DEM; Computational fluid dynamics; Physics; Mathematics; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Geology; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.024801340399074126,"score_gpt":0.3794896678453753,"score_spread":0.3546883274463012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020385474","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923596,0.000098471,0.0053383172,0.00010403408,0.000028412273,0.00003779705,0.000058095065,0.000060148323,0.0019151107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99382555,0.0000481147,0.004837713,0.000012350163,0.000007929941,0.000020068099,0.00005524839,0.000007866752,0.0011852065],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986684,0.000025095313,0.000007096539,0.000024627228,0.000036547503,0.000039686016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99938095,0.000387616,0.00005573287,0.000029969588,0.00006315085,0.00008254604],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030800607,0.00031120275,0.00064095046,0.00038990445,0.0006732383,0.0006853539,0.0005275649,0.0012168011,0.0008093289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00096660457,0.00018413222,0.00031800198,0.00030350537,0.00088710774,0.00042791668,0.00044961364,0.0005217499,0.00008325776],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006301911,0.00049438473,0.008201026,0.00015679511,0.000036488596,0.001140147,0.00029760413,0.9416707,0.035207402,0.004004728,0.00040585187,0.007754619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026419535,0.00009510094,0.0013118711,0.0000028465583,0.0000036776441,0.000028081318,0.000049742797,0.99589133,0.002330679,0.0001135632,0.00013932631,0.0000073780543],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009779885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035958146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009779885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051164813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006387682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019445896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020630791","doi":"10.1115/imece2003-42583","title":"The Acceleration of Micro- and Nano-Particles in Supersonic De-Laval-Type Nozzle","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Supersonic speed; Acceleration; Particle size; Particle velocity; Composite material; Physics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.010866678591593093,"score_gpt":0.2191731008498142,"score_spread":0.2083064222582211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2020630791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.972932,0.0002698169,0.022559889,0.00007844478,0.00003422181,0.000035320896,0.000048732003,0.00009967853,0.0039419224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917393,0.000108291795,0.007174648,0.000010858162,0.000003134597,0.000009207673,0.000039987273,0.000007079408,0.00090741814],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999083,0.000009149,0.00000363327,0.000013058602,0.00004486017,0.000021105394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99991345,0.000024626874,0.000022844615,0.000006883825,0.00002136207,0.0000107766755],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017973814,0.00016035672,0.00021476728,0.00013366298,0.00020978547,0.0003298073,0.0002869903,0.00032529933,0.0005080185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028572488,0.00014276023,0.00026505964,0.00009298442,0.00028015595,0.0002963815,0.00021072105,0.00023466416,0.00008228017],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00025808133,0.00007981684,0.0075807166,0.00019775743,0.000025452671,0.0007622553,0.0002516712,0.20665428,0.75934345,0.010497732,0.0004419824,0.013906858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010521811,0.00031540956,0.007169914,0.000010584688,0.000014610951,0.00029763635,0.00006958042,0.8035811,0.18437581,0.0009247935,0.0031093594,0.000025923231],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035305643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018822718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0035305643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051930215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040055817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0070199966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2021013873","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2010.04.015","title":"A new technique to derive particle size distributions and aerosol number concentrations directly from thermophoretic data","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Vale (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Particle (ecology); Thermophoresis; Nucleation; Mechanics; Particle number; Particle size; Chemistry; Computational physics; Physics; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer","score_opus":0.008442811199111553,"score_gpt":0.2383412786247211,"score_spread":0.22989846742560954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2021013873","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0050878082,0.00013300522,0.9933106,0.000043903485,0.000068933725,0.000035493784,0.000081765866,0.00058034953,0.00065815606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.10999231,0.0005053061,0.88352203,0.00016964726,0.0001696348,0.0003092491,0.00028781866,0.0002638796,0.0047800355],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996158,0.000035857593,0.000020982554,0.000093356655,0.00021581301,0.000018158195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993093,0.00025390953,0.00006254852,0.00018152464,0.0001667493,0.000025947718],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005284426,0.00060809066,0.00072049844,0.0012228936,0.00054301997,0.00060584035,0.00080732664,0.0007972384,0.0012216385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011589907,0.0006399982,0.00056683464,0.00079565373,0.0004896727,0.0013986935,0.00086305756,0.0014243706,0.0010231697],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000065012064,0.00015330168,0.0015585809,0.00017579577,0.00009622916,0.00016696042,0.0001231432,0.0066278046,0.8035098,0.0124386,0.0016838735,0.17340088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054435524,0.00023727973,0.004045112,0.000024053872,0.000115184084,0.0017670059,0.00004704613,0.44947165,0.50540817,0.010698094,0.027984649,0.0001473127],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00061570364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010244981,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012228936,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002540486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046111306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004086733},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023224669","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450810502","title":"Spray Characteristics of Two‐phase Feed Nozzles","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Syncrude","keywords":"Nozzle; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Entrainment (biomusicology); Turbulence; Spray characteristics; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Phase (matter); Spray nozzle; Physics; Thermodynamics; Acoustics; Geology","score_opus":0.008225620655103277,"score_gpt":0.20704677411951264,"score_spread":0.19882115346440937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023224669","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99613464,0.0002921164,0.0028436764,0.000015013586,0.000014973692,0.000023601177,0.000115772236,0.00006732512,0.0004929232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969168,0.00017788797,0.0018544389,0.00002436799,0.000005756132,0.00001583632,0.0002711376,0.000023217599,0.0007105835],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999736,0.000017936996,0.000017295717,0.000044345918,0.00014553966,0.00003892112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99928147,0.00026814503,0.00012161512,0.00002368504,0.0002523589,0.000052766805],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040245315,0.00036403333,0.0004011174,0.00040563566,0.00016936424,0.00053887215,0.0003122956,0.00053430744,0.0018136634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010841463,0.00018649283,0.00029796612,0.00034984393,0.00019499227,0.00041942834,0.0002845288,0.00029785422,0.00023954886],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044483467,0.00004759551,0.0026095351,0.00010087719,0.0000112082125,0.00013241441,0.000079241276,0.00095390953,0.99046046,0.000098579,0.000069389156,0.004991954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013458161,0.0026080857,0.023430668,0.000020538619,0.000032065956,0.00031425705,0.00010693251,0.015731761,0.9561742,0.00008962717,0.0013218892,0.000035322442],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007337102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00030609948,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018136634,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003296143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021919134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006067276},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023685555","doi":"10.1002/fld.1729","title":"Numerical model for the prediction of dilute, three‐dimensional, turbulent fluid–particle flows, using a Lagrangian approach for particle tracking and a CVFEM for the carrier phase","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Eulerian path; Particle-laden flows; Lagrangian particle tracking; Physics; Particle (ecology); Compressibility; Two-fluid model; Two-phase flow; Computational fluid dynamics; Classical mechanics; Fluid dynamics; Volume of fluid method; Flow (mathematics); Lagrangian; Reynolds number; Geology","score_opus":0.10809331682477909,"score_gpt":0.3876910492563799,"score_spread":0.27959773243160085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023685555","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15015534,0.00017973274,0.8420629,0.0002967929,0.000056714427,0.00012863823,0.0001056424,0.0004222904,0.006591987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81041783,0.000181128,0.18540649,0.00004253935,0.00002521128,0.00031413478,0.00019060433,0.000046979658,0.0033751195],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998017,0.00005337301,0.000010668779,0.00002342361,0.00009466634,0.000016167507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996331,0.00019042837,0.00004962592,0.000037649388,0.00005827205,0.000030939842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00063471653,0.00035864703,0.0004919544,0.000352317,0.000588879,0.00068349816,0.00085015775,0.0012249075,0.00079295726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012463921,0.00028028176,0.00046151417,0.00029169358,0.00082248275,0.00041775283,0.00060494686,0.00052496674,0.00020921495],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022890948,0.00003894416,0.00044357215,0.000023767818,0.000004989261,0.000055628585,0.000025701664,0.9840156,0.0058953436,0.005250435,0.00016822698,0.0040549394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004458795,0.0000061636556,0.000035221707,9.123164e-7,6.008282e-7,0.000005227202,0.0000013057517,0.99917173,0.0004752145,0.00017703384,0.000120901146,0.0000012252488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0047160476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020054823,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0047160476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006482018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015286918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0093771815},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023868011","doi":"10.3390/coatings4030465","title":"A Study of a Powder Coating Gun Near Field: Particle Flow in an Isothermal Staggered Concentric Air Jet","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Coatings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Jet (fluid); Nozzle; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Isothermal process; Optics; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.013350167368080975,"score_gpt":0.24772247686524654,"score_spread":0.23437230949716556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2023868011","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950423,0.00016446953,0.0042921775,0.000011713011,0.0000087646295,0.000025700067,0.00002406246,0.000037536865,0.00039327724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935762,0.00010571933,0.005833573,0.000006704218,0.0000052666237,0.000009568364,0.0000365289,0.000009239194,0.00041730958],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99959093,0.00003626871,0.000014651816,0.00009420693,0.00021794603,0.000046002373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993081,0.00030836908,0.00011755449,0.00006713951,0.00012643523,0.00007246591],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051170477,0.0002576667,0.0005654837,0.00042483743,0.00060377497,0.00048343182,0.00062213064,0.00052229204,0.00053727435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011370118,0.00021293404,0.00024881298,0.00025584782,0.0008497722,0.00042611785,0.0002768351,0.00033970183,0.00009386084],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036424282,0.00015873714,0.0012248562,0.00007291411,0.0000064730257,0.00018586165,0.0001684649,0.0030999375,0.9891734,0.00028329247,0.000029671037,0.005232075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000100305006,0.002414481,0.015052512,0.000015123325,0.000025745892,0.00040480783,0.00012540552,0.050158758,0.9307262,0.00012861313,0.0008127639,0.00003526007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002270001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014046102,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002270001,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066857936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052546087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004850924},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024717699","doi":"10.1115/1.1637637","title":"A Phase-Averaged Analysis of Droplet Dispersion in the Wake of a Square Cylinder in a Uniform Stream","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Wake; Mechanics; Vortex shedding; Physics; Cylinder; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Vortex; Reynolds stress; Anemometer; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008889564234215457,"score_gpt":0.23855894944034572,"score_spread":0.22966938520613026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2024717699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936626,0.00005622235,0.0058311014,0.000008247762,0.000004018296,0.000005684405,0.000052245858,0.00004851266,0.00033128334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973864,0.000034828554,0.002277196,0.000003318779,0.0000039762576,0.000004446442,0.000080897225,0.0000063101884,0.00020271915],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999764,0.000002018457,0.000001249279,0.0000052061137,0.000009498527,0.0000055944765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998841,0.000042633197,0.000015827118,0.0000062907484,0.000034298384,0.000016757163],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000048870086,0.0000973653,0.00013944847,0.00042411676,0.00015823073,0.00011892635,0.00010405803,0.00009562779,0.00039997496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023345281,0.000080065554,0.00011090268,0.00020680446,0.00015845949,0.00016920976,0.00007948997,0.00011552771,0.00006596528],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00066928973,0.00014016905,0.02402629,0.000101715435,0.000038918864,0.0006601352,0.00021151821,0.03675706,0.9006671,0.0010874607,0.0002632314,0.035377137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000039248833,0.00075753266,0.14930777,0.000009704711,0.000033423843,0.0005902572,0.00015632721,0.7011618,0.14643446,0.0006927513,0.0007711366,0.000045525925],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011376992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009373562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011376992,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000121803285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012325463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0022621155},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025335335","doi":"10.1080/02786820300932","title":"Simulation of Particle Deposition in an Idealized Mouth with Different Small Diameter Inlets","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Turbulence; Mechanics; Deposition (geology); Reynolds number; Lagrangian particle tracking; Large eddy simulation; Particle deposition; Particle (ecology); Inlet; Two-phase flow; Flow (mathematics); Stokes number; Physics; Particle size; Materials science; Geometry; Chemistry; Mathematics; Geology","score_opus":0.012829883909182207,"score_gpt":0.2330278028180359,"score_spread":0.22019791890885368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2025335335","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97826916,0.0001348934,0.019511506,0.000079810794,0.000028421993,0.000038443293,0.00019369005,0.00010722125,0.0016369015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898539,0.0001271355,0.0090185935,0.000023337712,0.0000045050238,0.000051779694,0.00012855073,0.000015799205,0.0007764766],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980134,0.00003295919,0.000012757242,0.000039690378,0.00005411112,0.000059121463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994929,0.00026006383,0.000071908624,0.00004230286,0.000069537346,0.000063239044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051410566,0.00036347954,0.00083253667,0.00032557984,0.00037677324,0.00070571585,0.00057249283,0.0009821577,0.00080606906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001179123,0.00032091173,0.0005775515,0.0002698607,0.00059318694,0.00043275955,0.000503248,0.00042716818,0.00009661587],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00033879952,0.00009096223,0.0029132755,0.00007503378,0.000023175191,0.0002958638,0.00008595425,0.95498866,0.037657905,0.0016877468,0.00011933758,0.0017232838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000053497544,0.00013656504,0.0008817954,0.000006143455,0.000011238168,0.000032152984,0.000031613137,0.9904839,0.007944073,0.00020246876,0.00020123807,0.000015321079],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058894935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020108626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0058894935,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000830714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010252759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011710465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026817742","doi":"10.1089/jam.2000.13.303","title":"Comparison of Nebulized Particle Size Distribution with Malvern Laser Diffraction Analyzer Versus Andersen Cascade Impactor and Low-Flow Marple Personal Cascade Impactor","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Cascade impactor; Geometric standard deviation; Particle-size distribution; Cascade; Particle size; Particle (ecology); Chemistry; Diffraction; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optics; Chromatography; Physics","score_opus":0.015759052654572326,"score_gpt":0.2830689042996109,"score_spread":0.26730985164503857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026817742","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9747321,0.0026898815,0.016951157,0.00006184544,0.000029615701,0.00013571818,0.0016891449,0.00032009368,0.0033903557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9599981,0.002456785,0.029281355,0.00019680377,0.000034469176,0.0002812553,0.0035874092,0.00011257472,0.00405133],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99898344,0.00007897816,0.00009096644,0.0001761778,0.0006128306,0.000057610203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993481,0.00022594893,0.000104930514,0.000042948963,0.00023612675,0.00004191022],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006039091,0.00025872423,0.000420872,0.00155323,0.00033204665,0.00033276447,0.00044572886,0.00029464375,0.0020601647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008487368,0.00018742016,0.00030372705,0.0011025502,0.00023829463,0.00039984495,0.00034048693,0.00030901138,0.00041264645],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046109248,0.00007657842,0.016910743,0.00019012902,0.00005164831,0.00008389786,0.00025663173,0.00036642948,0.9596134,0.00022289535,0.00029103877,0.021475656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000036780766,0.0009282591,0.23659669,0.00001921129,0.000089619796,0.0006951441,0.00020909427,0.008705683,0.74861735,0.00017112061,0.0038782994,0.000052759977],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030686085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004327377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0030686085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003893304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034571168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006891966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026913133","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2012.07.002","title":"Computational investigation of vertical slurry jets in water","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Drag; Turbulence; Mechanics; Nozzle; Drag coefficient; Entrainment (biomusicology); Jet (fluid); Particle (ecology); Air entrainment; Materials science; Phase (matter); Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.015845912359397828,"score_gpt":0.2657256115029288,"score_spread":0.24987969914353095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2026913133","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837816,0.00017220367,0.0074805683,0.00037662,0.00006516285,0.000040744515,0.00018674516,0.0001141325,0.007782285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99658453,0.000053954867,0.0020100488,0.000038098035,0.000013095625,0.000014983198,0.00008971051,0.000020740701,0.0011747953],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986625,0.000021213067,0.000008182056,0.000022900425,0.000028417071,0.000053072163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999443,0.00036817836,0.00004092109,0.000025094772,0.000066899935,0.000055843862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021804344,0.00041106812,0.0006806627,0.00048222966,0.0007220326,0.0013883461,0.0007567789,0.0017203318,0.0031830298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001501993,0.00038840977,0.0005781388,0.00055601174,0.00087365025,0.000734499,0.0007321192,0.00074221386,0.00020976926],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045214855,0.00039955336,0.006222889,0.00013011016,0.000040523475,0.0007529656,0.00013896554,0.9682653,0.0130178435,0.0029930274,0.00060068135,0.0069859875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046090943,0.00009751954,0.0011286166,0.0000051117586,0.0000081395065,0.000020712952,0.000087151915,0.996772,0.0013859741,0.00027125885,0.00016994835,0.0000075360745],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015078193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007207597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015078193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00067841355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011128082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.029980838},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027105101","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450810321","title":"Bubble Motion in Non‐Newtonian Fluids and Suspensions","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Suspension (topology); Non-Newtonian fluid; Newtonian fluid; Displacement (psychology); Acceleration; Particle tracking velocimetry; Velocimetry; Visualization; Motion (physics); Classical mechanics; Physics; Materials science; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","score_opus":0.005932929231309449,"score_gpt":0.17764033656723088,"score_spread":0.17170740733592144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027105101","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890932,0.0009525663,0.0087060025,0.000040282626,0.000017164712,0.000013564621,0.00002126303,0.00004722748,0.0011086464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99603915,0.00027343168,0.0022907322,0.000012102941,0.000008721754,0.000007830032,0.000046003322,0.0000094522,0.0013125828],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991953,0.000013568671,0.0000027455396,0.000016323265,0.00003285719,0.000014944341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998276,0.00007830667,0.000031213633,0.000006837404,0.00003171682,0.000024261213],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012869798,0.00014398528,0.00020027185,0.00037365453,0.0002084754,0.00029711085,0.00015147563,0.0003014067,0.00070646283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045989602,0.00011610796,0.00008410152,0.00013128543,0.0003457125,0.00032231727,0.00019842848,0.0002681682,0.00010654361],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012271997,0.000038484457,0.00196688,0.00008547159,0.000010839118,0.00021973072,0.00027144223,0.0052021593,0.98116565,0.0021880092,0.00010920001,0.008619476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006704535,0.00084707106,0.026861915,0.000026270693,0.000030559982,0.00057976984,0.00025634092,0.18605876,0.77719647,0.002287337,0.0057385075,0.000049817758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021300237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009529728,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021300237,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002019886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015361013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0042352676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027294712","doi":"10.1615/atomizspr.v17.i3.30","title":"ROLE OF VISCOSITY ON TRAJECTORY OF LIQUID JETS IN A CROSS-AIRFLOW","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atomization and Sprays","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Viscosity; Mechanics; Penetration (warfare); Materials science; Jet (fluid); Penetration depth; Airflow; Wind tunnel; Thermodynamics; Physics; Optics; Composite material","score_opus":0.00615878677692135,"score_gpt":0.2385810600054111,"score_spread":0.23242227322848974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2027294712","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967836,0.0001830219,0.0026870195,0.000013497897,0.000004423298,0.000006619148,0.000016244923,0.000042832624,0.00026278052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988427,0.00009906744,0.0009208194,0.0000050103176,0.0000017691782,0.0000025578047,0.000019306359,0.000010045335,0.000098750126],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99974185,0.000045208795,0.000016415694,0.000050473755,0.00007788209,0.00006814318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99843067,0.00074470654,0.0003911829,0.000076302684,0.0002321706,0.00012480226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044687797,0.00043418104,0.0003300158,0.00036186574,0.00023067536,0.0007220319,0.0002093233,0.00032900742,0.00054089015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001863628,0.0003382484,0.00026591902,0.0001556886,0.00045299716,0.00062333926,0.00036841625,0.0004358337,0.00011702552],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005255996,0.00005682336,0.0049045607,0.000045374574,0.000009941108,0.00029761612,0.00012697428,0.0035354237,0.98416716,0.00013718619,0.000016056525,0.0061772624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054251006,0.0019382181,0.033458762,0.000022780649,0.00004276051,0.00025752198,0.00008924319,0.042390913,0.9213319,0.00010651451,0.00027266543,0.0000344422],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008527909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005765609,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008527909,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032475273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023313117,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023633242},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028624038","doi":"10.1080/00221680109499817","title":"Mixing with multiple circular turbulent jets","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hydraulic Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Dimensionless quantity; Mixing (physics); Turbulence; Mechanics; Diffuser (optics); Physics; Jet (fluid); Optics","score_opus":0.0474369713075982,"score_gpt":0.3140344060908514,"score_spread":0.2665974347832532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2028624038","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99062854,0.00036997686,0.008440501,0.00002033792,0.000023427963,0.00003307485,0.000017866587,0.000050809296,0.0004153918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900357,0.00021581099,0.009017739,0.000024198478,0.00002614706,0.000026861506,0.00006957869,0.000015613345,0.00056835014],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99873465,0.00019243493,0.00010067135,0.00034269821,0.0004045978,0.00022495863],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99860674,0.00051965367,0.00040011323,0.00011725305,0.00015635761,0.00019998499],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012444538,0.00057105627,0.0012465857,0.000605925,0.0005757797,0.0014978388,0.00038998717,0.0006490589,0.00065705186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016775404,0.00031603983,0.00069580745,0.0005663402,0.000716889,0.001016338,0.0010779061,0.00069960376,0.00014487923],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011338583,0.0002835458,0.0027004562,0.00012431009,0.000044855806,0.00028127918,0.00012264222,0.0073100724,0.97908723,0.00058777083,0.000045079105,0.008278824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021032887,0.0030657311,0.005192687,0.000016869297,0.000102848244,0.00035658517,0.00009110025,0.04506089,0.9442605,0.00026984568,0.001303567,0.00006892878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005307065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003054284,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014978388,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045128565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032675616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006581366},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029395326","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.686","title":"Measurement of Thermophoretic Velocity in Surrounding Gas of Nitrogen or Carbon Dioxide","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen dioxide; Nitrogen; Mechanics; SPHERES; Momentum (technical analysis); Range (aeronautics); Materials science; Thermodynamics; Nitrogen gas; Carbon fibers; Chemistry; Meteorology; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.014001058520515065,"score_gpt":0.20220128844886634,"score_spread":0.18820022992835128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2029395326","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944728,0.00028301452,0.004376172,0.000017378325,0.000016691258,0.0000094357965,0.00007146624,0.000047679336,0.00070522033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932508,0.00022827633,0.005774263,0.000009458796,0.000005741012,0.000016029227,0.00007920477,0.000009567893,0.0006267003],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984956,0.000014793616,0.00000639075,0.00006139513,0.00003825082,0.000029547431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998086,0.000057703997,0.000034426153,0.00002410177,0.000046580135,0.000028520799],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017499828,0.0003258801,0.0002091998,0.00026127498,0.0003128084,0.00022016508,0.00028274025,0.00028789797,0.000561337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00031449462,0.000106373984,0.00013822179,0.0002089024,0.00026176145,0.0002397552,0.00019845896,0.00023033141,0.00009169043],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000061849976,0.000014607421,0.0009945867,0.000022659202,0.0000040300833,0.000031894102,0.000083923485,0.000134644,0.9960491,0.000067095265,0.00002529565,0.002510262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000032288442,0.0002007529,0.01236568,0.0000039143456,0.000009620509,0.000096169926,0.00007743989,0.0030336294,0.9835867,0.000033759752,0.00057564385,0.000013360412],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009571284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010014266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009571284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016606253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018657732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0019031167},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032354151","doi":"10.1115/icone22-30010","title":"Multi-Group Two-Phase Flow Model of Drift Drop Plume","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Plume; Turbulence; Kinetic energy; Drop (telecommunication); Settling; Mass flux; Conservation of mass; Turbulence kinetic energy; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Cooling tower; Two-phase flow; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Water cooling; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.016923976341816055,"score_gpt":0.2577427800121715,"score_spread":0.24081880367035544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032354151","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.19166647,0.00057701004,0.78287953,0.0006251533,0.00018878345,0.00052810024,0.0014582874,0.00059250195,0.021484105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.906005,0.0006229749,0.05987242,0.00013744735,0.000083470804,0.0012128641,0.0011540682,0.00014155882,0.030770171],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99973625,0.00006200491,0.000013084663,0.00007116638,0.00006749075,0.00004998716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997106,0.000087928805,0.00005129414,0.000016241847,0.00009248799,0.00004147114],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004866549,0.0010351238,0.0011771355,0.0007827612,0.0008955764,0.0011980868,0.002409598,0.0025940458,0.0027991603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007947346,0.00056224805,0.0011306194,0.0007532821,0.0008422269,0.0011252676,0.0010878656,0.0010933898,0.0005367389],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021893085,0.000021556561,0.00035071856,0.000015657402,0.0000057937536,0.000062735184,0.000027777149,0.9946689,0.0014483867,0.002306696,0.00013903629,0.0009308054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000066154284,0.0000062664144,0.000046900594,9.1118375e-7,0.0000011164697,0.0000040591767,0.0000031559705,0.99947137,0.000084935564,0.00021179095,0.0001600714,0.0000028602235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019244898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059665497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019244898,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012505047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016046505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038265765},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032434662","doi":"10.1175/jas3872.1","title":"Statistics and Parameterizations of the Effect of Turbulence on the Geometric Collision Kernel of Cloud Droplets","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Physics; RADIUS; Dissipation; Collision; Range (aeronautics); Mechanics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Collision frequency; Flow (mathematics); Cluster analysis; Statistical physics; Computational physics; Classical mechanics; Statistics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Plasma; Materials science","score_opus":0.0076834640432271815,"score_gpt":0.23329992145244824,"score_spread":0.22561645740922107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032434662","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98650265,0.00002793294,0.013083376,0.000019880204,0.0000021812061,0.000014683578,0.000102828024,0.00005572373,0.00019078181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988709,0.000007639973,0.00094868324,0.0000015096138,7.7088754e-7,0.00000576427,0.000130372,0.000006921453,0.000027517583],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995384,0.00010024689,0.00004069258,0.00007840349,0.00016431422,0.00007792545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950121,0.0033313727,0.0005460996,0.00050146435,0.00045286294,0.00015608745],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016288264,0.00032153248,0.0003818421,0.00078128197,0.00029507215,0.0004932527,0.0004375542,0.00026830065,0.00044100502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008686248,0.00014896001,0.0004074282,0.0004999533,0.00046752676,0.0006743476,0.00031791892,0.00028251956,0.000054511973],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049192685,0.000112345355,0.06185781,0.000041978354,0.00006145794,0.0001558338,0.00007304529,0.8918956,0.033411134,0.0042461525,0.00018878149,0.007463911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021419077,0.00009571392,0.021514049,0.0000032699727,0.000012999755,0.00006205687,0.000022635873,0.9648892,0.012448989,0.0008302093,0.00007515825,0.000024374634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026397717,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011909038,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026397717,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00079422124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00041660288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0086141825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032566456","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.05.001","title":"Breakup of brittle deposits by supersonic air jet: The effects of varying jet and deposit characteristics","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Breakup; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Supersonic speed; Brittleness; Nozzle; Materials science; Geology; Physics; Composite material; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.003671864806606011,"score_gpt":0.2072717756388752,"score_spread":0.2035999108322692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032566456","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99897027,0.00014779203,0.00040554555,0.000009158759,0.0000069776834,0.0000045237557,0.00002232897,0.000031059535,0.00040222306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993469,0.000053136944,0.00014466893,0.000005120157,0.0000020360808,0.000001684288,0.000029475063,0.00001632668,0.00040065427],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998516,0.000009763486,0.000009628805,0.000019012363,0.000047759073,0.000062207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936503,0.00018671306,0.00013067554,0.000081993014,0.000107775115,0.00012782877],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020658885,0.00025792944,0.0004087069,0.00046648085,0.0004903411,0.000670263,0.0003107595,0.00031624388,0.0032406729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007078494,0.00036086567,0.00033480933,0.00024330683,0.00036486285,0.0006032202,0.00039336138,0.00051368936,0.00028063927],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013296976,0.00007382339,0.0033303176,0.00007315401,0.000031144737,0.00040430416,0.00021846296,0.0049085966,0.98345864,0.00011407555,0.000109154375,0.005948665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000060156748,0.0005402235,0.033402808,0.00001070657,0.000042209675,0.00018514358,0.00025934697,0.028336018,0.9364002,0.00012838299,0.0006102986,0.000024571917],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014995422,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020594236,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032406729,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026248547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016007897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010841131},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032760397","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.09.004","title":"A reappraisal of why aspirating pipes do not flutter at infinitesimal flow","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Flutter; Infinitesimal; Flow (mathematics); Work (physics); Mathematics; Newtonian fluid; Mechanics; Calculus (dental); Mathematical analysis; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Geometry; Physics; Aerodynamics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.010374004995955144,"score_gpt":0.23656417558851547,"score_spread":0.22619017059256033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2032760397","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27179107,0.016614903,0.45374545,0.15417776,0.0096692145,0.000052745327,0.00025339835,0.0025204928,0.09117493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95851535,0.004171418,0.023035418,0.0034936597,0.0012753635,0.00002213954,0.00004970056,0.0004033168,0.009033558],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9989134,0.00016674525,0.000077663564,0.00026580485,0.00045220923,0.0001241613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948591,0.0027418083,0.00032076912,0.0009488624,0.0009874628,0.00014197425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021121688,0.0005733802,0.0009342444,0.00050864863,0.0013341118,0.0020349866,0.0024757572,0.0049102516,0.0034247767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01334493,0.00055745244,0.00071598706,0.00033630102,0.008647427,0.0068154735,0.0015627852,0.0040406175,0.0012358334],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005301621,0.00011058113,0.004339283,0.0006222298,0.000072765775,0.0024963573,0.002833252,0.034729663,0.028834539,0.7699244,0.027276415,0.12823033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000066846376,0.00016495513,0.003928559,0.00020533714,0.00006983474,0.0020159474,0.0014426643,0.07053135,0.01591217,0.8337268,0.071634345,0.00030119292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012165832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00088274846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0049102516,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00071812765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000790558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011456966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033340613","doi":"10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000235","title":"Experimental Study of Sand and Slurry Jets in Water","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Froude number; Slurry; Jet (fluid); Turbulence; Flux (metallurgy); Volume (thermodynamics); Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0057201595621904355,"score_gpt":0.2187307309396214,"score_spread":0.21301057137743096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033340613","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99460995,0.00012679177,0.0042252657,0.000019648709,0.0000120391005,0.000064042404,0.00008290549,0.000045302477,0.0008140704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99241155,0.00020197133,0.005676066,0.000033163342,0.000012933495,0.000085718464,0.00019160085,0.000023102604,0.0013639737],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994475,0.00006334809,0.000031716587,0.000121959056,0.00021581167,0.00011966359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99951184,0.00023065266,0.00006821345,0.00003331456,0.00010916665,0.000046925397],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041843933,0.00036705818,0.00051129714,0.00025294986,0.00078852626,0.00049058633,0.0004123081,0.00041223675,0.0013095869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00079539634,0.00021832199,0.00028564673,0.00033991013,0.0007169812,0.0005925685,0.0005699019,0.0004925113,0.0001950557],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026439698,0.00014908313,0.0024160144,0.00008280904,0.0000070523133,0.00016638389,0.00028159676,0.0008183992,0.9919807,0.00016410332,0.000051442807,0.0036180506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007744117,0.0025402603,0.009172569,0.000013679192,0.00002133696,0.00010614095,0.0003142439,0.0075732064,0.978239,0.00014189542,0.0017704166,0.00002975918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001803417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016752373,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001803417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044259024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004169136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0043809414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033472822","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450850507","title":"Kinetics of Colloidal Particle Deposition to a Solid Surface from Pressure Driven Microchannel Flows","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sherwood number; Particle deposition; Microchannel; Mechanics; Deposition (geology); DLVO theory; Particle (ecology); Dimensionless quantity; Reynolds number; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Thermophoresis; Materials science; Diffusion; Colloid; Nusselt number; Physics; Nanofluid; Physical chemistry; Heat transfer","score_opus":0.0058387993674293235,"score_gpt":0.19344944006956388,"score_spread":0.18761064070213457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2033472822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821263,0.00055476,0.015642203,0.00007098311,0.000034326396,0.000052520816,0.000083374856,0.000113900474,0.0013216576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895935,0.00054062257,0.0074705766,0.000024773832,0.000012342701,0.00003057057,0.00008883262,0.000020461883,0.0022182683],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997845,0.000024544057,0.000009146314,0.00003241271,0.00011290891,0.000036476456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997327,0.0001489722,0.000034462362,0.000011350248,0.000050375285,0.000022147768],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040525687,0.00030843684,0.00039734907,0.00025629168,0.00025847743,0.00048145902,0.000293658,0.00033148966,0.00067201874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00067774364,0.00024612935,0.00030074964,0.00013153053,0.00033652247,0.00044554216,0.00023850986,0.00045266785,0.00019476465],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006977196,0.00002491516,0.00028330876,0.00007675127,0.00000723497,0.00007872205,0.000063361396,0.005354634,0.9893217,0.0008545076,0.0000881014,0.0037770718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002111631,0.00008598524,0.0008012876,0.000004598801,0.000005078306,0.000043592616,0.000015075925,0.08204844,0.9159047,0.00016861042,0.0008895255,0.0000119555325],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016367409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00078794826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016367409,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066396437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005379069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004817426},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034009508","doi":"10.1007/s00231-006-0103-0","title":"Numerical study on turbulence modulation in gas–particle flows","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Wake; Particle (ecology); Rotational symmetry; Physics; Jet (fluid); Eulerian path; K-epsilon turbulence model; Trajectory; Classical mechanics; Statistical physics; Lagrangian; Theoretical physics","score_opus":0.010131480840311477,"score_gpt":0.21814544950057785,"score_spread":0.20801396866026636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034009508","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96817386,0.0013130665,0.020073509,0.00038077412,0.00015350679,0.00003791791,0.000040451116,0.00011157541,0.009715266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997027,0.00012392446,0.0019381203,0.000017438582,0.000030625346,0.00000685484,0.000014314153,0.000012328831,0.0008293709],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987614,0.000053274052,0.000007376846,0.000013828895,0.000029401624,0.000019947196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936754,0.00038067202,0.000072690265,0.000038518167,0.000084695006,0.000055866167],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028562956,0.00034289164,0.0006243572,0.0005647767,0.00054119184,0.0006257226,0.00046373272,0.000714336,0.0012422813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021306705,0.00021593212,0.00029851432,0.0004656585,0.00082899735,0.0005902461,0.00040932567,0.00043712312,0.00007682089],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008293953,0.0004789138,0.007835775,0.00026775544,0.000093664574,0.00092412677,0.00035857942,0.87677133,0.060540065,0.030564826,0.0011692334,0.020166425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001674688,0.000028996843,0.0009933069,0.0000031345396,0.000007757106,0.000023783352,0.000017934271,0.9971923,0.0010937713,0.0004694699,0.00014674629,0.0000061026085],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034683247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012375296,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034683247,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003275793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002857276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006896317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034115741","doi":"10.1002/masy.201300092","title":"Condensed Mode Cooling in Ethylene Polymerisation: Droplet Evaporation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Macromolecular Symposia","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Polyethylene; Evaporation; Homogeneous; Materials science; Range (aeronautics); Thermodynamics; Ethylene; Mechanics; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physics; Catalysis","score_opus":0.0038471010646883596,"score_gpt":0.20480305165211057,"score_spread":0.20095595058742222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034115741","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7842456,0.0023975137,0.18754499,0.0004315998,0.00016536361,0.0001986825,0.00033102496,0.00022930324,0.024455858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848897,0.0006906093,0.004072921,0.00003365669,0.00002821255,0.00006191948,0.000098293494,0.000036834652,0.010087841],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991953,0.000016100386,0.0000017926582,0.000013136016,0.000031266645,0.000018155799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99991107,0.000043915068,0.000009475479,0.000012612765,0.000014151165,0.000008776248],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014131646,0.00030208591,0.0004523594,0.00013172708,0.00019915425,0.00029090262,0.0004510601,0.00040312283,0.0025055956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030580634,0.00015208276,0.0004374935,0.00009934465,0.00043246942,0.0005373504,0.0003907886,0.00039229917,0.00028153358],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027712493,0.00013885328,0.001414803,0.00033785126,0.000043763437,0.0005851737,0.0001052549,0.66315615,0.26948255,0.053007256,0.0010472968,0.010403995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008768096,0.00015527442,0.0010901956,0.000009501793,0.000009998197,0.00012791422,0.000011713203,0.95191413,0.038424443,0.0048564374,0.0032982288,0.0000145617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001672798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007724171,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025055956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037286637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008382082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034877956","doi":"10.1007/s10808-008-0099-y","title":"Flow of a dispersed phase in the Laval nozzle and in the test section of a two-phase hypersonic shock tunnel","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Hypersonic speed; Nozzle; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Expansion tunnel; Hypersonic wind tunnel; Shock (circulatory); Two-phase flow; Phase (matter); Mach number; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.014013166286862005,"score_gpt":0.24691091532110754,"score_spread":0.23289774903424554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2034877956","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99839693,0.000022256601,0.00065824785,0.00003401211,0.0000072364733,0.000022493885,0.00012667051,0.000034333574,0.000697807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99807405,0.00001963915,0.00067135406,0.000012937454,0.0000037479363,0.000010096745,0.00020584096,0.000010097796,0.000992083],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998858,0.000022318678,0.0000055288347,0.000024782157,0.00002391104,0.000037670365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995704,0.00014486545,0.00004116132,0.000024637546,0.00006649968,0.00015242875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002736734,0.00042434304,0.00049109815,0.00065004046,0.00091047364,0.0008924787,0.0004174459,0.00086256384,0.0015876377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006768465,0.00018957313,0.0003276427,0.00035568213,0.0010210162,0.0005645143,0.0006542606,0.0007322238,0.00011381971],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.01177453,0.0030892694,0.068471834,0.00022964057,0.0001335293,0.0050927466,0.001728109,0.16860251,0.7133977,0.010028605,0.0014223323,0.016029203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010147467,0.0055936426,0.10131296,0.000056262103,0.00006967262,0.00064876804,0.0011029752,0.6898147,0.19713609,0.0016545401,0.0014324437,0.00016317597],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004939886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018604924,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004939886,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070072117,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008822352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009822249},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035678106","doi":"10.1115/1.4006564","title":"The Whole Annulus Computations of Particulate Flow and Erosion in an Axial Fan","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Turbomachinery","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Annulus (botany); Computational fluid dynamics; Turbomachinery; Axial compressor; Mechanics; Stator; Rotor (electric); Erosion; Flow (mathematics); Turbine; Marine engineering; Impeller; Inlet; Aerodynamics; Engineering; Geology; Gas compressor; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Materials science","score_opus":0.010034180515952855,"score_gpt":0.24849937711203834,"score_spread":0.23846519659608548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2035678106","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96751684,0.0000733833,0.02902168,0.00004626369,0.000017951685,0.000022081373,0.00008870138,0.00015176066,0.0030612485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840979,0.000043860895,0.014747726,0.000008593899,0.0000047851786,0.0000208631,0.00010387266,0.000022713884,0.0009496247],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999948,0.000013478083,0.0000034316658,0.0000094581965,0.000014712648,0.000010896912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997454,0.0001569721,0.00002594585,0.000012506693,0.00003400664,0.000025084822],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023669146,0.00040770948,0.00039142356,0.00027988924,0.00030965018,0.0004185999,0.0005112082,0.0006296769,0.00083738274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00076662214,0.0001749694,0.00032429423,0.00020922255,0.00042403306,0.00024484133,0.0002662366,0.0002860179,0.000108707885],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013885972,0.00005354009,0.0025588397,0.000030594623,0.000010616807,0.00017773848,0.00007038122,0.985941,0.005092412,0.0012777871,0.00011589756,0.0045323786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006476089,0.000033139695,0.00050720567,0.0000016580614,0.0000018223931,0.000011821315,0.0000095644145,0.9987521,0.00051621546,0.000068984664,0.000089073874,0.0000019609236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011360028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006689596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011360028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003738917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006397765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022587776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036590187","doi":"10.1007/s00193-013-0472-5","title":"Formation of particle jetting in a cylindrical shock tube","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Shock Waves","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; University of Waterloo; Waterloo CFD Engineering Consulting","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Shock wave; Particle (ecology); Shock tube; Dimensionless quantity; Stokes number; Physics; Turbulence; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.011187448353496193,"score_gpt":0.222385917544441,"score_spread":0.21119846919094482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2036590187","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95473576,0.0002315738,0.035791125,0.00032329967,0.00018346112,0.00015943208,0.00010243384,0.0004740501,0.007998973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914076,0.0000545613,0.004511925,0.00004759375,0.00003138093,0.000027316093,0.00008190043,0.000050567607,0.003787153],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997768,0.000027774127,0.0000119066735,0.000039332648,0.00007877149,0.00006543477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994325,0.00008957521,0.000096150216,0.000057920755,0.00005830304,0.00026551672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003231745,0.0005747703,0.0008843615,0.00062997045,0.0013163898,0.0015607368,0.0009041245,0.0013859029,0.0023183313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011365381,0.0006368725,0.0007421195,0.00028271924,0.0014988647,0.00075727777,0.0013757088,0.00091433356,0.0004101762],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022627406,0.0007458457,0.0076396386,0.00038775755,0.00017908272,0.011248443,0.0017124271,0.24215749,0.6176599,0.09782456,0.0029673327,0.015214797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00064616,0.0015879655,0.0139294565,0.000041181225,0.00006803144,0.0020813718,0.000492223,0.75142473,0.20841435,0.0186454,0.0025020163,0.0001671043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006348793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002417845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023183313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056788675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006658635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0077555776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040523431","doi":"10.1021/ie049173d","title":"Characterization of the Contact between Liquid Spray Droplets and Particles in a Fluidized Bed","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Syncrude (Canada); Western University","funders":"Syncrude","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Nozzle; Fluidized bed; Jet (fluid); Spray nozzle; Materials science; Thermocouple; Spray characteristics; Draft tube; Cross section (physics); Mechanics; Chemistry; Chromatography; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.05437317480895097,"score_gpt":0.29104692288453593,"score_spread":0.23667374807558494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040523431","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906103,0.0005587913,0.008221544,0.000015639207,0.000015245532,0.00004764554,0.00009403331,0.000074172676,0.00036267404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99135745,0.00032000916,0.0072312485,0.000020397032,0.0000057401708,0.00004073926,0.00020332602,0.000030878917,0.0007902564],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995485,0.000025384958,0.000023830637,0.00007795767,0.00027758666,0.000046726873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995801,0.00015317356,0.00006958315,0.00003135988,0.0001221609,0.000043606073],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00037623022,0.00024909046,0.00045527768,0.0005585268,0.00032334277,0.00057165476,0.00045504473,0.0004955931,0.0008075394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089391647,0.0002630153,0.00035578036,0.0003371229,0.00042560374,0.00047648363,0.00027258645,0.00054015184,0.00023280444],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000589366,0.000027981656,0.0006248925,0.000024515952,0.000004237571,0.00007461384,0.000051431205,0.0002158183,0.9977697,0.000031362873,0.0000073841215,0.0011090224],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001257882,0.0002965191,0.007036236,0.0000043138784,0.0000099107,0.000076546974,0.000046524354,0.004171049,0.98804516,0.00001796699,0.00027510317,0.000008102126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014460194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010241986,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014460194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044646751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019703222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0032393932},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2040582352","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780413","title":"Modelling high concentration settling slurry flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saskatchewan Research Council (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Settling; Slurry; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.007072572012663517,"score_gpt":0.1685007028172862,"score_spread":0.1614281308046227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2040582352","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8172517,0.00042959803,0.17249262,0.0003203079,0.00012110431,0.0001729709,0.00030195902,0.00043254916,0.008477167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98882407,0.00014827125,0.008096321,0.000028405379,0.00002213682,0.00007232217,0.0001354938,0.000019967067,0.002652925],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997954,0.000047733032,0.000016062073,0.000043167798,0.00005401716,0.00004367444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99939334,0.00034937495,0.0000690767,0.000036008634,0.00010492745,0.000047173427],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005567123,0.0008906807,0.00083675224,0.0006411692,0.00054864684,0.0015533181,0.0011721496,0.0031367259,0.0012882149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00175666,0.0004262871,0.0008368212,0.000537707,0.00097317056,0.0007813527,0.0006607632,0.0009831772,0.00021167213],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021038199,0.000027623933,0.00055027235,0.000014836367,0.0000046596633,0.000055902492,0.00001102049,0.9960407,0.0015740836,0.00072973483,0.000045459634,0.0009247429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006711553,0.000011104012,0.00009868407,0.0000011420912,0.0000011400529,0.0000032087423,0.0000018417911,0.999408,0.000294861,0.00011724243,0.000054255306,0.000001853028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02992906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009248432,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02992906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001685948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010295572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.059509754},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"simulation_or_modeling","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W2041472021","doi":"10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00381-1","title":"Improved numerical simulation of aerosol deposition in an idealized mouth–throat","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":293,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Mechanics; Deposition (geology); Turbulence; Large eddy simulation; Particle deposition; Reynolds number; Aerosol; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Lagrangian particle tracking; Materials science; Physics; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.015147347929626067,"score_gpt":0.2822681327374635,"score_spread":0.2671207848078374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2041472021","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8957558,0.0007575478,0.07412024,0.00085896935,0.00033825458,0.00012983198,0.00048712813,0.00055135484,0.027000768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98782045,0.000117699776,0.00958605,0.00006938501,0.000036681766,0.000036200476,0.000096538846,0.00004936217,0.0021876304],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996195,0.00009966322,0.00002475449,0.00006142345,0.00008548427,0.00010923527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990336,0.00044489666,0.000110087516,0.00009570281,0.00016835656,0.00014738098],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00068355905,0.00062602205,0.0016338956,0.0005271839,0.0011090841,0.001419057,0.0015914198,0.002962402,0.0020170442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025733183,0.0006768516,0.000980692,0.00054319366,0.0014531424,0.0009725953,0.0015471169,0.001163332,0.00026409078],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015437276,0.000085009575,0.0012812874,0.000041583782,0.000023081226,0.00022677284,0.00004172083,0.9900013,0.0038241106,0.0030185096,0.000176176,0.001126006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003811585,0.000022010063,0.00023407357,0.0000033025406,0.0000052429064,0.000012049356,0.000009098211,0.99886453,0.0005202071,0.00019067287,0.000092184906,0.0000085704205],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021106618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0066665024,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021106618,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014095871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017701043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04196757},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042778203","doi":"10.1007/pl00004050","title":"Explosive dispersal of solid particles","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Shock Waves","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Detonation; Explosive material; Shock wave; Mechanics; Materials science; Blast wave; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Shock (circulatory); Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.014874694989331362,"score_gpt":0.24386072181231394,"score_spread":0.22898602682298258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2042778203","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83413345,0.0018541147,0.13572277,0.00075931137,0.0004069723,0.00007170702,0.00021092415,0.00029956273,0.026541168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98411405,0.0006277931,0.004337249,0.000096736185,0.00007225009,0.000015206094,0.00012282374,0.000025465706,0.010588357],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993086,0.0000065893355,0.0000028426132,0.000014567945,0.000027575434,0.000017546576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997955,0.00004637532,0.000049324295,0.000030770396,0.000032889293,0.000045084937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010457279,0.00025096894,0.00029230188,0.00054654886,0.00046606685,0.0006826785,0.00041694316,0.00056459726,0.0022630598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007091356,0.00019479178,0.00018434654,0.0002415838,0.0008043193,0.0008073232,0.00106163,0.0006068754,0.0004447253],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005317971,0.00022992911,0.0071757887,0.00043524738,0.00010648587,0.0041797976,0.0013668097,0.2524271,0.27995825,0.36929357,0.0074793277,0.07681594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017633947,0.00032679446,0.00997534,0.000079786434,0.000039852548,0.0018998478,0.00064459315,0.8007245,0.05973157,0.11214473,0.01418903,0.00006763571],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006238778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00039998582,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022630598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000285399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0075707436},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043422110","doi":"10.1139/p08-128","title":"Thermophoresis particle deposition — thermal radiation interaction on mixed convection from vertical surfaces embedded in porous medium","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermophoresis; Nusselt number; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Thermal radiation; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Sherwood number; Boundary layer; Temperature gradient; Physics; Convection; Porous medium; Materials science; Reynolds number; Porosity; Composite material; Nanofluid; Meteorology; Turbulence","score_opus":0.009255223952363317,"score_gpt":0.21400919614633745,"score_spread":0.20475397219397415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043422110","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848668,0.00026677252,0.014011227,0.000019833313,0.000009551568,0.000008263498,0.000008497132,0.000023715644,0.0007853509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962281,0.00010907209,0.0029601208,0.00000384935,0.0000042717625,0.0000061882356,0.00001034701,0.0000058878236,0.0006721932],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987495,0.000023694314,0.0000050331623,0.00002175777,0.000048235182,0.000026325446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998449,0.00008608743,0.000031202508,0.000009582708,0.000016504087,0.000011724374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001644294,0.0003765334,0.00038467365,0.00021034207,0.0003201206,0.00037347898,0.00024157276,0.00024395982,0.00039758685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003723096,0.0001831892,0.00033706366,0.00012872339,0.0004712047,0.00037855958,0.0005997639,0.00021958082,0.000070762515],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018042178,0.000034081164,0.0014653639,0.00015525454,0.00002491147,0.0002983565,0.00014613105,0.038303193,0.9492622,0.0021106976,0.000037526475,0.007981982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046135865,0.00031721886,0.0054018004,0.000011057991,0.000035790395,0.00030327548,0.00008398628,0.42632157,0.56593037,0.0008254848,0.00069510407,0.000028209657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00095903204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006650143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00095903204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030081876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021803178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0021826625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043903102","doi":"10.1115/imece2012-87475","title":"Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Single Bends Under Annular Two Phase Flow Conditions","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada); McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Mass transfer; Materials science; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Inlet; Phase (matter); Mass transfer coefficient; Range (aeronautics); Chemistry; Physics; Composite material; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.03696430379075563,"score_gpt":0.30208739575931604,"score_spread":0.26512309196856043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043903102","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99865746,0.00012956238,0.0008724427,0.0000101770875,0.000005180978,0.000005463208,0.000043077976,0.000024755938,0.00025173178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997656,0.00011782621,0.001478048,0.000010241718,0.0000047418075,0.000006952612,0.00009251355,0.000008877866,0.0006247554],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998387,0.00001990825,0.0000082498555,0.000043719967,0.00004281914,0.00004666014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973196,0.00004561901,0.00009962065,0.00002087336,0.00007059495,0.000031377298],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029243284,0.0003747501,0.00037295505,0.00020942053,0.00014916711,0.00033061887,0.00017185611,0.00024657845,0.0008880596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004446115,0.00020099075,0.00021256527,0.00017618854,0.00025769713,0.00022145525,0.00017492521,0.00030353022,0.00016694432],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026035952,0.000019304163,0.0007967317,0.000030200375,0.000003303756,0.000036809997,0.00005164165,0.00034808755,0.9967263,0.00003306371,0.000020173156,0.0016739694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025389852,0.0010334193,0.019714447,0.000007846783,0.000018457828,0.0001430785,0.000070967064,0.005377172,0.9730365,0.00003726465,0.0005228356,0.000012580759],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013702915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011271712,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013702915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024401284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013853953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029708147},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2043921511","doi":"10.1002/qj.1897","title":"Droplet growth in warm turbulent clouds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":289,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Eddy; Coalescence (physics); Entrainment (biomusicology); Mechanics; Physics; Meteorology; Statistical physics; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Astronomy","score_opus":0.010749896552970586,"score_gpt":0.21675396457322874,"score_spread":0.20600406802025814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2043921511","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94033617,0.032216903,0.016504167,0.00032740497,0.00015180472,0.000024759944,0.00031531285,0.0000950547,0.010028471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819904,0.01249585,0.0024575146,0.000049663566,0.000096328054,0.000006369437,0.0002595701,0.000019583787,0.0026246575],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999131,0.000010299563,0.0000048437337,0.000016105289,0.000032152406,0.000023394918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998877,0.00002713463,0.00003783007,0.0000056674285,0.000021772039,0.0000198528],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014519594,0.0001979002,0.00024914034,0.00051914796,0.00024471228,0.0007648829,0.00017729116,0.00016532425,0.0008026674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027789315,0.000093053604,0.0002707467,0.00047805478,0.00017365968,0.00052930537,0.0004306983,0.00019506796,0.00016593117],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038808674,0.0001737003,0.14161608,0.0013930077,0.00023374743,0.0017153966,0.001050142,0.21989314,0.28623667,0.070918344,0.005852875,0.27052882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008962577,0.0011386839,0.21206746,0.00041758054,0.00019166517,0.0025689162,0.0013889218,0.36735234,0.21232937,0.045056604,0.15723851,0.00016033876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010379633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00071769557,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010379633,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030915873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016438236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0026851892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045696140","doi":"10.1016/s1468-6996(02)00023-2","title":"Effect of a cylindrical shroud on particle conditions in high velocity oxy-fuel spray process","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Technology of Advanced Materials","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Shroud; Mechanics; Materials science; Nozzle; Air entrainment; Entrainment (biomusicology); Supersonic speed; Thermal spraying; Jet (fluid); Particle (ecology); Particle velocity; Compressibility; Coating; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.0058235182195385,"score_gpt":0.25485305821781923,"score_spread":0.24902953999828073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045696140","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980963,0.000053094896,0.0014480834,0.000017614386,0.0000100991565,0.0000064117853,0.000022449785,0.000054972377,0.0002910183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989687,0.000035154153,0.0008338515,0.000005977593,0.0000024379508,0.0000030192484,0.000019339346,0.000009069167,0.00012256134],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989057,0.000029971976,0.000007058975,0.000019013558,0.000022012699,0.00003130662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994048,0.0002478029,0.00016664345,0.0000414364,0.00006101878,0.00007835339],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002678692,0.00038170378,0.0004020402,0.00020794674,0.0003549397,0.0005932887,0.0002948202,0.00058312365,0.0007875162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009451885,0.00024576447,0.00027225688,0.000119277975,0.00056911,0.0003017713,0.00039533223,0.000280051,0.000111720394],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014898224,0.00024219108,0.009662717,0.00016600273,0.000048028873,0.00096994854,0.00025104205,0.66435087,0.31282192,0.0016382571,0.00021822604,0.008141031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016889942,0.0016928299,0.011659503,0.000018226236,0.000074812844,0.00017189053,0.0001593229,0.84609634,0.13891841,0.00024401951,0.0007452992,0.00005036583],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022356394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014837225,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022356394,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035397543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032454074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004445255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045798338","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22013","title":"Deposition of heavy oil droplets onto a circular disk at elevated temperatures","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Diluent; Isothermal process; Fouling; Nitrogen; Volumetric flow rate; Liquid nitrogen; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chromatography; Thermodynamics; Nuclear chemistry","score_opus":0.0040212713111818545,"score_gpt":0.16978377927510985,"score_spread":0.165762507963928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2045798338","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99853444,0.00013889994,0.000763481,0.000007012362,0.000006300629,0.000008236022,0.000032658892,0.000016348962,0.0004926967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99638534,0.00015925925,0.0023908864,0.000008329846,0.0000032253029,0.0000069861608,0.00006398759,0.000012418503,0.00096959027],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998523,0.000011027008,0.000008860923,0.00003346167,0.00005747902,0.000036890844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978155,0.00007795005,0.000043820237,0.000031511852,0.00004350938,0.000021611315],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013321306,0.00021045661,0.00019430762,0.00012993786,0.00019279415,0.00025139019,0.00028629808,0.00022747455,0.00087513664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003131886,0.00018307361,0.00015067915,0.00010342263,0.00017487635,0.00017675762,0.00019179379,0.00021041709,0.00022368452],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004706148,0.0000049650757,0.0001466995,0.000015262081,0.0000013669945,0.00003258222,0.000015447835,0.000084883075,0.9992501,0.000013669079,0.000006800928,0.00038125855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000043405917,0.00011504045,0.0016873132,0.0000012468887,0.0000028068,0.000039660354,0.000013523037,0.00082153943,0.99710125,0.000006507008,0.00020462871,0.0000020157731],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012567407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017194633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012567407,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029894637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016346345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002927661},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046637721","doi":"10.1115/1.4006041","title":"Effect of Near-Wall Turbulence on Selective Removal of Particles From Sand Beds Deposited in Pipelines","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Particle size; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Pipeline transport; Dissipation; Materials science; Pipe flow; Physics; Geology; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0041345940454694365,"score_gpt":0.2170126481082633,"score_spread":0.21287805406279386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2046637721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99858874,0.00014607541,0.0010593346,0.000008208976,0.000004323732,0.0000046411647,0.00001249501,0.000014748368,0.00016140465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999067,0.00011347717,0.000557488,0.000010410117,0.000002527223,0.0000027013084,0.000020667148,0.000005575488,0.00022021003],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997838,0.000026017415,0.000011747699,0.000033443874,0.000076701996,0.000068157606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982125,0.00005505294,0.000057200872,0.000012844048,0.000027298885,0.000026400057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015101818,0.0002525686,0.00036219743,0.00014412677,0.0002681168,0.0003057929,0.00017695913,0.0001711247,0.00043737717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033023613,0.00012702317,0.00025253632,0.00008262155,0.00022495624,0.00022425252,0.00028103852,0.00021556062,0.000110267334],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002471349,0.000028200002,0.0019649935,0.000056040324,0.00001164732,0.0000524822,0.00004719546,0.0006124008,0.9934557,0.000015866466,0.00001578566,0.0034925723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009346271,0.0007321013,0.0137498295,0.0000035197509,0.000021156442,0.00004203134,0.00008103931,0.0025317231,0.98249775,0.000013027135,0.00031059975,0.000007912735],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017047735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002413952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017047735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019762527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019130048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033896565},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047503476","doi":"10.1615/atomizspr.v20.i8.40","title":"VISCOELASTIC AIR-BLAST SPRAYS IN A CROSS-FLOW. PART 2: DROPLET VELOCITIES","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atomization and Sprays","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Drag; Momentum (technical analysis); Jet (fluid); Scaling; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Flux (metallurgy); Airflow; Coating; Particle image velocimetry; Particle (ecology); Range (aeronautics); Spray characteristics; Viscoelasticity; Physics; Nozzle; Thermodynamics; Turbulence; Composite material; Spray nozzle; Geometry; Geology","score_opus":0.00455424473537037,"score_gpt":0.215231669526344,"score_spread":0.21067742479097365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2047503476","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99774265,0.00027834502,0.0015419662,0.000016167589,0.000007384273,0.000017571641,0.000031398176,0.000025246229,0.00033929062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962837,0.00023129188,0.002440455,0.000027352658,0.0000062827535,0.000013604074,0.000073407544,0.0000146989105,0.0009093209],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998789,0.000011598966,0.000006302846,0.000033633856,0.000046608115,0.000022951483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984515,0.00004351277,0.000043298387,0.000013212101,0.00003098616,0.000023815941],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024565225,0.0003427042,0.00029118676,0.00024378218,0.00023533005,0.000380309,0.00016700878,0.0002637068,0.0011599278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037447273,0.00019061241,0.00022962797,0.000117426156,0.00038172342,0.00046734718,0.00030472744,0.0005679544,0.0001432253],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005962812,0.000028281802,0.0006018856,0.000018904624,0.000002311374,0.000029173749,0.000042593656,0.00046013063,0.9973822,0.000054358337,0.000016970884,0.001303594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000037146117,0.0011535718,0.015833547,0.00000851564,0.000012181711,0.00008996423,0.000076375465,0.011932991,0.9700136,0.00006370634,0.0007664588,0.0000120109125],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022379435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014130863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022379435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004356428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022164558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0044497848},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2048297663","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2013.08.044","title":"New correlations for heat and fluid flow past ellipsoidal and cubic particles at different angles of attack","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":126,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Nusselt number; Drag; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Ellipsoid; Lift (data mining); Angle of attack; Drag coefficient; Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Parasitic drag; Physics; Reynolds number; Materials science; Aerodynamics; Computer science; Turbulence","score_opus":0.012216119085935532,"score_gpt":0.2219591285188975,"score_spread":0.20974300943296198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2048297663","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5932223,0.0065598343,0.36799926,0.0008786511,0.0012174154,0.0002924981,0.0021196494,0.0030007355,0.02470961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788833,0.0010170881,0.01609468,0.00012582324,0.00018400274,0.00012670926,0.0007623659,0.0003079454,0.0024980477],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934953,0.000121921395,0.000053674357,0.00013612305,0.00021801189,0.00012064425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99478143,0.0024909624,0.00081518514,0.00079182966,0.0008713786,0.0002491517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018710251,0.0006833412,0.00082492846,0.003287486,0.0008558207,0.0017008665,0.0016115706,0.0011069312,0.0049755275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007949159,0.00054884714,0.00081145565,0.0018484655,0.0015394314,0.003723854,0.0007968028,0.0020203027,0.0006532808],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013278455,0.0006373303,0.023842644,0.0016729383,0.0001858379,0.0019070823,0.0014553411,0.17544322,0.089044884,0.5994527,0.021601954,0.083428286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000947798,0.00017617537,0.021408815,0.00015822666,0.00008282024,0.00045874782,0.00023865663,0.88853675,0.03982671,0.04164547,0.0070910407,0.0002818036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012441712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023302808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0049755275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085978495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007410506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016644776},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050315995","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2014.04.021","title":"Specific energy consumption and optimum operating condition for coarse-particle slurries","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Lift (data mining); Settling; Mechanics; Materials science; Energy consumption; Volume (thermodynamics); Particle (ecology); Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.01101243607133979,"score_gpt":0.22942708335256803,"score_spread":0.21841464728122825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050315995","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99551636,0.00028488593,0.0026725065,0.00003692843,0.000008061209,0.000009230278,0.00034743102,0.00004324356,0.0010813961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976503,0.00011874434,0.0011732652,0.0000044964845,0.0000018759193,0.0000074046247,0.00032619789,0.000019873221,0.0006977298],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998221,0.000014439228,0.000014402494,0.000045145083,0.000063380525,0.000040536852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978095,0.0001105882,0.000026708241,0.000015916616,0.000054091073,0.000011739601],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024053369,0.00024522355,0.00045039176,0.0004707551,0.0003609381,0.00045987236,0.00026598392,0.00033837,0.0019468386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006929431,0.00014030153,0.0003537514,0.00057704607,0.00018825529,0.00051475223,0.00017190774,0.00022485288,0.00044575793],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019575476,0.00013076238,0.0058802846,0.00026966474,0.000021688524,0.00021587915,0.000082935345,0.015960045,0.9528139,0.00051245606,0.00038446157,0.02177038],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001827354,0.0005975583,0.015397826,0.000009655136,0.000028817818,0.0000889928,0.00013038573,0.017450519,0.9649343,0.00018952168,0.0011389785,0.000015158879],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013183426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031710665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019468386,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004208305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031764444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0065128207},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050370733","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2011.588276","title":"The Aerodynamic Behavior of Fibers in a Linear Shear Flow","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Fiber; Shear (geology); Perpendicular; Shear flow; Vortex; Particle (ecology); Rod; Vorticity; Aerosol; Deposition (geology); Torus; Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Composite material; Mathematics; Geology; Meteorology","score_opus":0.01106726784428085,"score_gpt":0.223009861385516,"score_spread":0.21194259354123515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050370733","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949675,0.00010326732,0.0037022242,0.000035440567,0.000010628136,0.000023771063,0.000120340315,0.000036931804,0.0009998217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971275,0.00011657888,0.0018763129,0.000015286863,0.0000046084406,0.000012869736,0.00017411831,0.00001223719,0.00066037866],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998778,0.000018297658,0.0000100402885,0.000027403126,0.000027586728,0.000038890055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997521,0.00009165564,0.00004755803,0.000019432193,0.0000545643,0.00003462604],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002923721,0.00034679653,0.0002793912,0.0004537035,0.00043781663,0.00061978755,0.00017038225,0.00041242386,0.001185027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006266662,0.0001640404,0.00040015057,0.00025715228,0.0005429022,0.00039298358,0.00022324793,0.00029291448,0.00024739344],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012934805,0.00037197667,0.03071463,0.00014441615,0.000081382495,0.00053022726,0.00050583784,0.49701092,0.45233715,0.0041125603,0.0005040386,0.012393292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000922287,0.00065421656,0.030847074,0.000026803325,0.000030342935,0.00012368157,0.00025726788,0.90340203,0.063026756,0.0008336568,0.0006442701,0.00006175212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0052370797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019641567,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0052370797,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005658258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004526594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01041317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2050753922","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2005.04.059","title":"Modeling the mixing of a gas–liquid spray jet injected in a gas–solid fluidized bed: The effect of the draft tube","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Syncrude (Canada); Western University","funders":"Syncrude; Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Nozzle; Mixing (physics); Draft tube; Jet (fluid); Fluidized bed; Injector; Mechanics; Spray nozzle; Materials science; Tube (container); Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.004921512640071152,"score_gpt":0.21830341967035433,"score_spread":0.21338190703028317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2050753922","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9489091,0.00039272936,0.0440871,0.00046881282,0.000115718954,0.00012326798,0.00012992207,0.00018234234,0.005590981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99341583,0.00012805805,0.004190207,0.000023761617,0.000020435678,0.000029509467,0.00006434252,0.000030859224,0.0020969426],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982625,0.000042523698,0.000011456018,0.000031067655,0.000035724875,0.00005297982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992786,0.00039549603,0.000090285546,0.000023113373,0.00009601191,0.00011654994],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006048581,0.00094698905,0.0011159569,0.0006121099,0.0009795611,0.0016943273,0.0011513036,0.0030712336,0.0014640515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017597667,0.00093088445,0.00097145117,0.0003775323,0.0009019438,0.0013645614,0.0007843703,0.0010662484,0.00020034386],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002603206,0.00015829965,0.0017969281,0.000047966183,0.000024570278,0.00017381852,0.000041193412,0.98247683,0.011772249,0.0016720534,0.00008849575,0.0014874168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016457407,0.000028047529,0.00012914592,0.0000012238734,0.0000045166803,0.0000039730076,0.0000045945026,0.99823856,0.0014716436,0.00006689391,0.000031293515,0.0000036725114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017756771,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006250413,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017756771,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001445457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015999273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03530681},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051815945","doi":"10.1134/s0018151x07050124","title":"The effect of turbulence on steady and unsteady spontaneous condensation of steam in transonic nozzles","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"High Temperature","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","keywords":"Transonic; Turbulence; Nozzle; Mechanics; Condensation; Materials science; Inlet; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Thermodynamics; Aerodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.0020781886543675973,"score_gpt":0.19683059999565214,"score_spread":0.19475241134128454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051815945","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99176323,0.0005818384,0.0058257193,0.000048949634,0.000032955097,0.000013680594,0.000031958905,0.00008353298,0.001618078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99925274,0.0001828834,0.0003135016,0.000004532662,0.000006403225,0.0000031448137,0.00001710994,0.000010624289,0.00020905709],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998265,0.00004801956,0.000009951037,0.000018072402,0.00005420927,0.000043339638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99941957,0.00037924133,0.00006950249,0.000029241734,0.000059200538,0.00004326184],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022872184,0.00028533424,0.00034610296,0.00022587136,0.00032967937,0.00069201685,0.00018399797,0.00024521723,0.00048633813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012482402,0.00017602732,0.00040285045,0.0001626672,0.00075973605,0.00030956988,0.0003387817,0.00033489647,0.00006434286],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013861398,0.000121871286,0.010082896,0.00025415933,0.00009245396,0.0009678759,0.0003807332,0.15606117,0.8027793,0.006786284,0.00035069554,0.020736463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009836612,0.0016852777,0.028215893,0.000021063359,0.000071527465,0.00036323952,0.00014647358,0.5213441,0.4456633,0.001202185,0.0011045935,0.000083928724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022423163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012103993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022423163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005095789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026826456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0044585466},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051828681","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200110)18:3<120::aid-ppsc120>3.0.co;2-2","title":"Interaction of a Particle-Laden Gaseous Jet with a Confined Annular Turbulent Flow","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds stress; Flow (mathematics); Reynolds number; Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Physics; Mean flow; Finite volume method; Two-phase flow; Particle-laden flows; Large eddy simulation; K-epsilon turbulence model; Materials science; Geology","score_opus":0.012667015909796084,"score_gpt":0.21594355008663596,"score_spread":0.20327653417683988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2051828681","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840344,0.00011147963,0.014664138,0.000037452737,0.000016853699,0.000015645192,0.00001948805,0.000073756164,0.0010266573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948323,0.000044090877,0.0046573603,0.000014304333,0.00000697796,0.000008977566,0.000027011034,0.000007874495,0.00040124552],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998653,0.000023812378,0.0000066224047,0.00002339621,0.000044588553,0.000036212023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976736,0.00010327907,0.000040103983,0.000015327452,0.000023839992,0.000050098293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025371503,0.00032522867,0.00056707725,0.00032790488,0.00053078466,0.00077641243,0.00046882808,0.00056983595,0.0004363791],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005879536,0.00019391469,0.00045854296,0.00023667293,0.0007226377,0.0003365175,0.0004493656,0.00023225838,0.00008341511],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00086617906,0.00032233275,0.010607442,0.00017478492,0.00011828841,0.0026453435,0.0004142985,0.62910527,0.3354016,0.008483542,0.0002545054,0.011606408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000061490195,0.00031518925,0.003831516,0.0000060997386,0.00002634455,0.00016576152,0.00006774981,0.96302927,0.031514183,0.00051238824,0.00044481413,0.000025112844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033893224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011761591,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033893224,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005854406,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039756653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006739199},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052987471","doi":"10.1177/003754970007400201","title":"Silt Erosion in Hydraulic Turbines: The Need for Real-Time Numerical Simulations","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SIMULATION","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"General Electric (Canada); Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Computer simulation; Turbulence; Graphics; Vector field; Nonlinear system; Silt; Kinetic energy; Work (physics); Mechanics; Field (mathematics); Erosion; Computer science; Geology; Simulation; Physics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.012126426063874856,"score_gpt":0.2586316097754227,"score_spread":0.24650518371154787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2052987471","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08394008,0.0011276639,0.90159154,0.0012149443,0.00018499665,0.00012367974,0.00015994559,0.0024658225,0.009191405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6529113,0.0019755238,0.33734298,0.00014086362,0.000106878935,0.00029329644,0.00015950357,0.00055871066,0.006511017],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999723,0.00010393371,0.000016310754,0.000028329152,0.00010717454,0.000021278873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988439,0.0007436316,0.00007740846,0.0001327852,0.00013364834,0.00006870408],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008684149,0.00040364868,0.00071206864,0.0003327121,0.0005516941,0.0013486146,0.00097124017,0.0012166579,0.0047917026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0037924338,0.0004950317,0.00024757633,0.00046486064,0.00093192764,0.0018148904,0.0006513976,0.000974216,0.0009166543],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015705511,0.00007039135,0.0014369965,0.00020547454,0.000012127155,0.00019873196,0.00019837974,0.91822,0.011601157,0.012926519,0.0019363677,0.05303684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026839922,0.000027276034,0.00016743578,0.000017131577,0.0000035810901,0.000039287188,0.00004023052,0.99217004,0.0012528652,0.0033567923,0.0028872439,0.000011239449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0039450806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036527645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0047917026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00050493504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061563175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016029835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053274649","doi":"10.1115/1.2839658","title":"The Effects ofVibrations on Particle Motion in a Viscous FluidCell","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Drag; Vibration; Mechanics; Physics; Inviscid flow; Particle (ecology); Added mass; Viscosity; Viscous liquid; Amplitude; Magnetosphere particle motion; Classical mechanics; Drag coefficient; Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Optics; Geology","score_opus":0.007199814799372802,"score_gpt":0.19672922911175797,"score_spread":0.18952941431238518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053274649","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99121386,0.0001253853,0.008147636,0.000024162186,0.000011474459,0.0000077244795,0.000010957602,0.000047519323,0.0004112816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99901855,0.00002804111,0.0008294096,0.0000040992063,0.0000011909274,0.0000027424774,0.000007825887,0.0000037609975,0.00010441125],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998117,0.00002859764,0.00000976749,0.000032061882,0.000080596255,0.000037266815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996238,0.00020870096,0.00006181597,0.000032228738,0.000041761454,0.000031774773],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002010586,0.00022025053,0.00021543691,0.00022236357,0.0002141996,0.00030009376,0.00026888784,0.00022272534,0.00079970097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000835661,0.0001543404,0.00018453332,0.00009072303,0.0005473295,0.00027893315,0.00034206474,0.00022700701,0.00010259967],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019411636,0.00004559486,0.002352302,0.00006008033,0.000012019321,0.00019474477,0.00012992634,0.018190542,0.9694872,0.00040680775,0.00007473553,0.008851963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002301602,0.00070541614,0.009170334,0.000013213864,0.00002185242,0.00012664452,0.000106325584,0.21240844,0.77634585,0.00022781952,0.000825796,0.00002517975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007781379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00042632324,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00079970097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002775328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014534859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0026752949},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053680419","doi":"10.1007/bf02945995","title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of solid particle motion in a fluid cell under microgravity","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microgravity Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Magnetosphere particle motion; Particle (ecology); Amplitude; Mechanics; Vibration; Physics; Motion (physics); Viscosity; Classical mechanics; Particle-in-cell; Computer simulation; Materials science; Optics; Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Electron; Geology; Magnetic field","score_opus":0.007877247751879837,"score_gpt":0.2382561214649315,"score_spread":0.23037887371305166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2053680419","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99749583,0.00006648911,0.0010807096,0.000040926912,0.000009537828,0.000009395583,0.000048835424,0.000024205556,0.0012240853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99841464,0.000033585944,0.0012376402,0.000005043942,0.0000025233821,0.000006036653,0.000039725317,0.0000039429237,0.00025696788],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984455,0.0000274116,0.000011271765,0.000032885575,0.000052198862,0.00003154845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99927694,0.00038650542,0.00007292426,0.00009623505,0.00009873334,0.0000686343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031175715,0.00024719423,0.00048538548,0.00028138707,0.000926651,0.00066768506,0.00050761044,0.0008056071,0.0012852981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013156534,0.00022017705,0.00026518758,0.0003891436,0.0013161283,0.0004662388,0.0004061342,0.00040808882,0.00009846491],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00212617,0.0008468887,0.02413486,0.00029468586,0.00006914547,0.000688823,0.0011396797,0.46821064,0.48195335,0.004925518,0.00050171476,0.015108531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012367687,0.0007923309,0.015239188,0.000011091541,0.000027604407,0.00014937125,0.0003678786,0.8861391,0.095812485,0.0003826731,0.0009035862,0.00005103189],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043879743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024655764,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0043879743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041924065,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00043466134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008724868},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054011940","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450850202","title":"An Improved LES on Dense Particle‐Liquid Turbulent Flows Using Integrated Boltzmann Equations","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Boltzmann equation; Particle (ecology); Physics; Turbulence; Mechanics; Collision; Kinetic theory; Classical mechanics; Particle-laden flows; Phase space; Lattice Boltzmann methods; Large eddy simulation; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Geology; Computer science","score_opus":0.016690981433240767,"score_gpt":0.2288804943415629,"score_spread":0.21218951290832214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2054011940","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37402034,0.000512979,0.59770775,0.00048916036,0.0002534178,0.0003329361,0.00077871996,0.0037467245,0.022158002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.82115096,0.00028270393,0.1699482,0.00011047811,0.00011700907,0.0004135579,0.0007521257,0.0003597008,0.006865325],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997024,0.000093572184,0.000015366923,0.000024859175,0.00012868321,0.000035069195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99929905,0.00028290105,0.000045340337,0.000097765005,0.0002207122,0.00005418812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007777016,0.0008874121,0.0014324092,0.00036879085,0.0004366883,0.00091211824,0.001456382,0.0007444903,0.0017622445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014228699,0.00053838006,0.0007707598,0.0004082361,0.0005698873,0.0008059224,0.0009796838,0.0011940303,0.00039065487],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010281917,0.00012476099,0.00100704,0.000046674228,0.000029350756,0.00009468226,0.00005809777,0.96970695,0.009932065,0.006130466,0.00063692033,0.012130223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021651716,0.0000090093445,0.00008434525,0.0000016166072,0.0000016475301,0.0000022112251,0.0000015357049,0.9990214,0.00048513158,0.00015077738,0.00021839554,0.0000022958309],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.020544915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010536635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020544915,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009059811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014269875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04085064},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055209464","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.12.026","title":"Use of thermal emission signals to characterize the impact of fully and partially molten plasma-sprayed zirconia particles on glass surfaces","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pyrometer; Cubic zirconia; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Ceramic; Plasma; Yttria-stabilized zirconia; Composite material; Thermal; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Temperature measurement; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.01572928460917391,"score_gpt":0.24441026467749707,"score_spread":0.22868098006832316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055209464","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994231,0.0002464761,0.004814958,0.00003169795,0.0000116308365,0.0000150201195,0.000046734574,0.000038001137,0.00056459307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99680257,0.00013607739,0.002589011,0.000018458308,0.000004638124,0.000013885944,0.000054015894,0.000011565585,0.0003697581],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984944,0.000017077075,0.000004206749,0.000035473076,0.00006200407,0.000031846783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999736,0.00013619104,0.000043975055,0.00002130758,0.00004494904,0.000017572325],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023338581,0.00027975024,0.00019838233,0.0002555638,0.00022628954,0.00031986707,0.0002712565,0.00035288426,0.00061890215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046357408,0.00020814528,0.00024167042,0.00013316098,0.000474089,0.00033854277,0.00028216396,0.00036414425,0.000076898585],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020169982,0.000014994797,0.00068030076,0.000026572085,0.000009689839,0.000027276596,0.000042971777,0.0002200668,0.9970204,0.000088494584,0.000018535839,0.0016489319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001773847,0.00016523631,0.006562935,0.000002977276,0.000013194238,0.000055846587,0.000040409996,0.0043020775,0.9886031,0.00003236989,0.00019537262,0.0000087058015],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00096176704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011614431,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00096176704,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035765296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020238534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0025950074},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055693381","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2012.06.025","title":"Jet attrition in a fluidized bed. Part I: Effect of nozzle operating conditions","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Syncrude (Canada); Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Attrition; Nozzle; Grinding; Fluidization; Supersonic speed; Fluidized bed; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Geology; Waste management; Physics","score_opus":0.010036603876002243,"score_gpt":0.25610647090616084,"score_spread":0.2460698670301586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055693381","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940201,0.0014300685,0.0032073222,0.00006260924,0.000045269953,0.000025777197,0.00009071446,0.00008343247,0.0010348165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973435,0.00071705726,0.0007725147,0.000011526252,0.000012541625,0.000013422147,0.0001234413,0.000019076519,0.0009869998],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970645,0.000052706397,0.000021665963,0.000037243954,0.00009838497,0.00008339931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993137,0.00047069974,0.00006484648,0.00003436634,0.000087372726,0.000029057615],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005620715,0.00027293753,0.00096164196,0.00030668514,0.00058082474,0.00076487777,0.00074499066,0.0003888808,0.0021650635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014978168,0.00027656814,0.00055792555,0.00035983216,0.00044096026,0.0007319113,0.0003758001,0.0004356229,0.00039101107],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.01012952,0.0007428562,0.009966733,0.0014914427,0.00013628228,0.00083404325,0.00041659846,0.052589662,0.84989625,0.0013123363,0.0014550994,0.07102916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00030456376,0.0029644608,0.020808628,0.00006813634,0.00012772201,0.00017464175,0.00025378764,0.14033861,0.8326026,0.00038751474,0.0018990523,0.00007018179],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019738711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012068816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021650635,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061495474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038244718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007242799},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2055892350","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.09.006","title":"Lift and drag forces on a sphere attached to a wall in a Blasius boundary layer","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Boundary layer; Drag; Lift (data mining); Mechanics; Blasius boundary layer; Lift-to-drag ratio; Boundary layer thickness; Classical mechanics; Physics; Materials science; Computer science","score_opus":0.00861123059551492,"score_gpt":0.24579737030371537,"score_spread":0.23718613970820046,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2055892350","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862229,0.00016946535,0.0037980415,0.0005284129,0.0001617628,0.000033766017,0.000079969795,0.00011962523,0.00888589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99469686,0.00006324323,0.0009059805,0.00006296244,0.000042393825,0.000012627336,0.000075874865,0.000027415688,0.004112575],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997193,0.000048311136,0.000012714246,0.000042121526,0.000064182714,0.00011325266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994406,0.00012125357,0.000055429762,0.000031956468,0.000066871384,0.00028395996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031744616,0.00080617005,0.0015122016,0.0010573645,0.0028645888,0.0019840572,0.0010382477,0.0024963631,0.0028045971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010423543,0.0005821133,0.0007788868,0.00030862776,0.0025514318,0.0010853921,0.0023139534,0.0017009751,0.00064028584],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005763335,0.0013286256,0.018078044,0.00023921451,0.00024062119,0.009398907,0.0010635889,0.64812315,0.24203144,0.056665026,0.0051099174,0.011958144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028098546,0.00041398962,0.012651103,0.00001980128,0.000041645006,0.0002159813,0.00034552492,0.97148335,0.010944383,0.0029853568,0.000514057,0.00010373863],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014864732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0043434235,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014864732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012031352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010838758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.029556453},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2056314243","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780107","title":"Correlations for the particle deposition rate accounting for lift forces and hydrodynamic mobility reduction","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Lift (data mining); Mechanics; Particle deposition; Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Volumetric flow rate; Computer simulation; Particle size; Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Computer science; Geology; Chemical engineering; Turbulence","score_opus":0.006253911734384941,"score_gpt":0.19278737787207095,"score_spread":0.186533466137686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2056314243","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.36508936,0.0013378543,0.6249018,0.00017869266,0.00012700715,0.00018224817,0.00048523096,0.0009981863,0.006699659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.936003,0.0007821741,0.06027377,0.000019496581,0.000032954857,0.00018463068,0.00036536853,0.00016782463,0.0021707716],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996228,0.00007787786,0.000028696972,0.00005031646,0.00017130638,0.00004890727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99707377,0.0018849137,0.00028118186,0.00025302908,0.00045248625,0.000054579818],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001561034,0.00059014966,0.000604222,0.0009965812,0.00032777895,0.0006084905,0.000712702,0.00057411025,0.0014827343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006065638,0.00034986495,0.00065103895,0.00048540768,0.00036287104,0.0007069178,0.0003912221,0.00058207224,0.000548833],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016671157,0.000074131916,0.004754684,0.0003188762,0.000048061127,0.0003691964,0.00007662369,0.8728914,0.055180307,0.04002888,0.00077267014,0.025318474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010831679,0.000016624874,0.0007148248,0.000011120336,0.0000075911316,0.00004242558,0.0000037114924,0.9837827,0.0134183,0.0015620448,0.00041426808,0.000015460922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021460922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010615982,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021460922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063603965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001008614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008255601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058093177","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.06.040","title":"GELATION AND SELF-PRESERVATION DURING TURBULENCE-INDUCED COAGULATION","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Kommission für Technologie und Innovation","keywords":"Turbulence; Coagulation; Fumed silica; Mechanics; Physics; Statistical physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010033273645626561,"score_gpt":0.2299724181536205,"score_spread":0.21993914450799393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058093177","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995628,0.000638488,0.0025999243,0.00006990508,0.000032572156,0.000011272396,0.00002088335,0.000029523413,0.0009695789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992698,0.00008054251,0.00027878967,0.000013724419,0.000006177137,0.0000032097676,0.000013380729,0.000009471831,0.00032487029],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988055,0.00001659565,0.0000062657105,0.000022504508,0.000025277559,0.000048798083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99974793,0.000070049566,0.000073178686,0.000026202635,0.000028332803,0.00005424814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021067826,0.0001621568,0.000202275,0.00019711153,0.00032537474,0.00062460656,0.00021471795,0.0002620551,0.000800026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004941664,0.00016688097,0.00023574685,0.00008628348,0.00052381365,0.00060696853,0.0003869455,0.00036116477,0.00013559034],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00045493597,0.00004096824,0.0011207327,0.00006484024,0.000017831933,0.00022303645,0.00016834166,0.0009772595,0.9916496,0.001757687,0.00013439836,0.003390343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006207633,0.00021511097,0.0065295454,0.000008467146,0.000018357341,0.00018471183,0.00007382096,0.0136782415,0.9773946,0.0008839695,0.00093355635,0.000017500866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00034493636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00037368695,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.000800026,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027056222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022067178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0026763082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058808528","doi":"10.1007/s00348-012-1357-6","title":"A vision-based hybrid particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) technique using a modified cascade correlation peak-finding method","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CAE (Canada)","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Particle tracking velocimetry; Tracking (education); Particle image velocimetry; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Pixel; Cascade; Sensitivity (control systems); Particle (ecology); Computer science; Mean squared error; Matching (statistics); Velocimetry; Template matching; Algorithm; Optics; Image (mathematics); Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04319044205332971,"score_gpt":0.3515249563778599,"score_spread":0.3083345143245302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2058808528","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0073087,0.000119414544,0.99089116,0.000039168393,0.00006835801,0.00004831889,0.00003422286,0.00053912145,0.00095151074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.115100846,0.00016531037,0.8820322,0.00005620241,0.00006922053,0.000111567475,0.00013092624,0.00009622883,0.0022374536],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993228,0.0000880935,0.000023864755,0.00014244637,0.00038065153,0.00004225099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99950004,0.000116647716,0.00005918227,0.00009084819,0.000188374,0.00004490129],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006046137,0.00074337656,0.00097521895,0.0014262492,0.0005312534,0.00093410286,0.0012506691,0.0010849485,0.0019148262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000901704,0.0005804996,0.0006805634,0.001461016,0.0004025773,0.0011898363,0.0010707858,0.0009075967,0.0009173642],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022844659,0.00020293133,0.0013593795,0.00018558465,0.00008911433,0.00012610691,0.00008602705,0.030136984,0.38154906,0.008706337,0.0032405192,0.57408947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003280489,0.00018484711,0.0014879117,0.000012266945,0.000037474867,0.00029708695,0.000010418568,0.91623074,0.0762975,0.0010580851,0.004282947,0.00006788476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001630319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020856585,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019148262,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039350355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010958173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006405771},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059719164","doi":"10.1016/s0045-7930(02)00115-9","title":"Surface effects on transient three-dimensional flows around rotating spheres at moderate Reynolds numbers","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Strouhal number; Reynolds number; Vortex shedding; Mechanics; Wake; Physics; Drag; Lift (data mining); Drag coefficient; Classical mechanics; Vortex; Turbulence","score_opus":0.010875084031231436,"score_gpt":0.21555922657302387,"score_spread":0.20468414254179243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2059719164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.982989,0.0004561748,0.009315938,0.0003239132,0.00013268014,0.000017438404,0.00003811158,0.0004050089,0.0063217683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99839455,0.00011458203,0.00040670944,0.00002280813,0.000030743606,0.0000046233095,0.000028787943,0.00011368427,0.00088360516],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997677,0.00005608829,0.000008098584,0.000026458305,0.00004341084,0.000098223936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99904174,0.00050635793,0.00009404121,0.00007416646,0.00012664974,0.00015705053],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003548869,0.0006986773,0.0012192038,0.000861606,0.0012469759,0.00175311,0.00049405784,0.00091474655,0.0035903906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0025226525,0.00035245204,0.0006379116,0.00049528375,0.0020160116,0.0012119411,0.0012454238,0.0009839793,0.00041136745],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00572427,0.0006952328,0.010380068,0.0006832823,0.00018787637,0.004051251,0.0025228388,0.5561975,0.3077504,0.05755251,0.0058899894,0.04836481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017553256,0.0004621305,0.009278848,0.000021972864,0.00007668098,0.00022152478,0.00052545796,0.9365024,0.043619778,0.008123443,0.00089016126,0.00010209296],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002253234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00072653836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0035903906,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006316027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033950678,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012011111},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060558962","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2012.08.008","title":"Explosively driven particle fields imaged using a high speed framing camera and particle image velocimetry","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Martec (Canada)","funders":"Air Force Research Laboratory","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Particle velocity; Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle (ecology); Velocimetry; Materials science; Particle size; Optics; Drag; Physics; Framing (construction); Mechanics; Turbulence; Geology","score_opus":0.020160278352124587,"score_gpt":0.2819207773272053,"score_spread":0.2617604989750807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2060558962","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9079377,0.00030098017,0.08466786,0.0002596931,0.000102407445,0.0001079081,0.0002590255,0.0002867739,0.0060775666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88636583,0.00031843543,0.10726274,0.00008369243,0.00004302213,0.00007424772,0.00026403883,0.00008444591,0.0055035674],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999008,0.000011822651,0.0000034105126,0.000022092208,0.000042638138,0.000019074378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985373,0.000043808646,0.000022046763,0.000020606754,0.0000335605,0.000026220756],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023605274,0.0002632308,0.00023019924,0.0005864674,0.00037532442,0.00042211715,0.000314933,0.0004666908,0.0013774859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032182474,0.00032061787,0.00017053552,0.00023339808,0.0004573092,0.0004797813,0.0003533921,0.00062409777,0.00016493203],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017106738,0.000038464677,0.0009993847,0.000021521813,0.000005125997,0.00017142568,0.000061656596,0.0014609726,0.98659176,0.0019633418,0.0002850803,0.008230058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007612922,0.0002998444,0.028131902,0.000024241705,0.000019649102,0.0008685591,0.00010055538,0.06599085,0.9001152,0.00080233876,0.0035269975,0.000043838743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013254201,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015697059,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013774859,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039761126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003932669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0046081543},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062277983","doi":"10.1080/00986440108912843","title":"DROPLET SIZE-VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRAYS GENERATED BY TWO-PHASE FEED NOZZLES","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Communications","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Mechanics; Spray characteristics; Aeration; Volumetric flow rate; Vaporization; Particle size; Spray nozzle; Materials science; Chemistry; Two-phase flow; Flow velocity; Flow (mathematics); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Physics","score_opus":0.01407336136178502,"score_gpt":0.25606075140791723,"score_spread":0.2419873900461322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2062277983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916785,0.00037717496,0.007484317,0.000013045842,0.000011805048,0.000033693945,0.00007349314,0.000045153192,0.00028273492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940205,0.00022109256,0.0051727775,0.000013074894,0.0000037073805,0.00001501651,0.0001776876,0.000010703126,0.00036547778],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996823,0.000032222633,0.000020418003,0.000042504278,0.00019222207,0.00003035223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993975,0.00021800239,0.00011429727,0.000018961311,0.00020900025,0.000042287375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041520633,0.00022288403,0.00030597925,0.0004282946,0.000112209054,0.00033098567,0.00019762415,0.0003454949,0.00039889355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015593286,0.000104882674,0.00022046402,0.00029287062,0.00017052804,0.00032882244,0.00016918781,0.00022263023,0.0000783588],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009063807,0.000023204262,0.0018685558,0.000033869586,0.0000041503245,0.00005764027,0.00005276702,0.0005018446,0.9933622,0.000065582,0.000021211748,0.0039184503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003040413,0.0012350408,0.02506817,0.00000789946,0.000012363499,0.00026916293,0.00006872749,0.011403012,0.961126,0.0000802501,0.0006787058,0.000020308173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007532724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038884688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007532724,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025818136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014979925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002195835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2063569743","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2002-31223","title":"Interaction of Shock and Expansion Wave With Solid Particles in Supersonic Flows","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Drag; Mach number; Flow (mathematics); Shock (circulatory); Supersonic speed; Wave drag; Shock wave; Choked flow; Physics; Momentum (technical analysis); Particle-laden flows; Drag divergence Mach number; Two-phase flow; Materials science; Classical mechanics; Drag coefficient","score_opus":0.019514292498287726,"score_gpt":0.2174336653909967,"score_spread":0.19791937289270897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2063569743","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9320941,0.0002919414,0.059673373,0.00017148948,0.00006889616,0.000065169384,0.000042078682,0.00015161559,0.0074413535],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958087,0.0001317468,0.0021722028,0.000032548847,0.000023845789,0.000018041903,0.000037454523,0.000022892522,0.0017525512],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997944,0.000040762203,0.0000073480533,0.00001771907,0.0000580853,0.00008166583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999668,0.00014510776,0.00006983812,0.000015385047,0.00003771392,0.00006397861],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031861287,0.00055296125,0.00062065705,0.00062348816,0.0006729609,0.0010810487,0.00036905482,0.0010611553,0.0012908895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007699842,0.00039913718,0.0006963242,0.00029938022,0.0012241891,0.0008676081,0.0009517768,0.0006369678,0.00018098581],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005070619,0.0001856186,0.0065625226,0.00009234459,0.00008224891,0.0016344003,0.0003280396,0.90498674,0.050872594,0.023278814,0.000618472,0.01085122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003042284,0.00006321379,0.0022910747,0.0000051981165,0.000010147723,0.00006719845,0.000065395245,0.9914227,0.0037483934,0.0019036456,0.0003734148,0.00001909657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006031518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021423264,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006031518,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007280077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004123704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011992812},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065935008","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2013.802761","title":"An Instrument for the Classification of Aerosols by Particle Relaxation Time: Theoretical Models of the Aerodynamic Aerosol Classifier","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Aerodynamics; Mechanics; Aerosol; Cylinder; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics; Meteorology","score_opus":0.010289530055665257,"score_gpt":0.2242306875884073,"score_spread":0.21394115753274204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2065935008","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011628209,0.00026011406,0.9857615,0.000116594776,0.00005258206,0.00004524793,0.0000609927,0.0006481788,0.0014264458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.42256832,0.0010143793,0.5690563,0.00017092626,0.00018438825,0.0004236368,0.00036683644,0.00018367151,0.0060315933],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993364,0.000101263686,0.000023882385,0.0001431576,0.00033697987,0.000058308557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99833554,0.00092620414,0.00015900661,0.00015176323,0.00037833373,0.000049184582],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014216921,0.0007122997,0.0006944871,0.0011479302,0.0006423423,0.0012767153,0.0016918209,0.0015535813,0.0012222932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003906278,0.00038218696,0.0007088894,0.000633682,0.00085146056,0.002803456,0.0005301582,0.001252387,0.0009610073],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022212867,0.00024567058,0.010090556,0.00028237596,0.00008384867,0.0003112841,0.00031866838,0.5102246,0.058778815,0.1436962,0.0066963155,0.26904964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000038550297,0.000028105154,0.00031513447,0.000005640717,0.0000063112757,0.00007420252,0.000006704666,0.98848116,0.0050116405,0.004257502,0.0017978646,0.000011901923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021557081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010930211,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021557081,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017246587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008345712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0125133395},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067076955","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.03.013","title":"Particle–metal interactions during combustion of pulp and paper biomass in a fluidized bed combustor","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Combustion and Flame","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Biotechnology Research Institute; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Combustion; Fouling; Particle (ecology); Fluidized bed combustion; Inductively coupled plasma; Scanning electron microscope; Combustor; Chemistry; Fluidized bed; Particulates; Metal; Biomass (ecology); Materials science; Chemical engineering; Mineralogy; Metallurgy; Composite material; Plasma","score_opus":0.01053280643958414,"score_gpt":0.22870624476923415,"score_spread":0.21817343832965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067076955","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987207,0.00006791017,0.0004893199,0.00004786953,0.000016888709,0.000008973505,0.000017514747,0.000026329812,0.00060444756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999071,0.00003482439,0.00027532637,0.0000110389965,0.00000803664,0.0000040648088,0.000031931213,0.000010570274,0.0005532357],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998258,0.000024702476,0.0000069032976,0.000035220437,0.0000545918,0.00005287047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996444,0.00021080165,0.000027063941,0.0000133932535,0.000051590185,0.000052718002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029901278,0.00040190032,0.0009790587,0.0004376764,0.0017844967,0.0011752056,0.0006355304,0.0007572965,0.0014776138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007803228,0.00034623314,0.00039295343,0.000243447,0.0010628727,0.0007031042,0.0005133489,0.00081150356,0.00016737355],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.011334086,0.0009494005,0.019615998,0.00033509583,0.00021578354,0.003138155,0.0015608115,0.1272853,0.8144702,0.0021181535,0.0014527538,0.01752432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00041266452,0.0011759256,0.03554459,0.00001441741,0.0000941331,0.00023475208,0.0008128846,0.5206269,0.43918294,0.00063843944,0.0011799624,0.00008248915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009742598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0066432143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009742598,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010297054,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067294453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019371748},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067833205","doi":"10.1021/la9001835","title":"Particle Tracking Model for Colloid Transport near Planar Surfaces Covered with Spherical Asperities","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Substrate (aquarium); Planar; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Particle deposition; Shear (geology); Tracking (education); Shear flow; Composite material; Turbulence; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.017606326144057646,"score_gpt":0.22200706390880035,"score_spread":0.2044007377647427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2067833205","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06659744,0.00020143372,0.9265524,0.00024457864,0.000057730333,0.00006454832,0.00015750817,0.00024704996,0.0058772815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8745877,0.00063774583,0.1061004,0.00015369205,0.00007880973,0.00047712508,0.0004268385,0.00013566924,0.017401986],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999884,0.000025195985,0.0000060949865,0.000025354615,0.000038109585,0.000021229918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969983,0.00014348717,0.000054996985,0.000019769595,0.00005794586,0.00002404137],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033915706,0.0005881554,0.0005983437,0.0005955708,0.0005275895,0.00072259054,0.0014120371,0.0015354026,0.0011112954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00095656456,0.00037447273,0.0007583545,0.0004454092,0.00071859796,0.0007709556,0.0005263672,0.0005653406,0.00033082574],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008184075,0.0000074646446,0.00024232769,0.000008852928,0.0000044707663,0.00004086196,0.000015427813,0.9927021,0.001582103,0.004361327,0.00008862343,0.000938211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000014458578,0.0000021990047,0.000019328989,4.7090518e-7,6.339962e-7,0.0000027866638,0.0000012029308,0.9996093,0.00007938568,0.00021761918,0.000064627064,0.0000011306419],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014102716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004136812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014102716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011885726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013267986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028041303},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068367815","doi":"10.1134/s0040601508060086","title":"The effect of surfactant on flow of spontaneously condensing steam in Laval nozzles","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Boiler (water heating); Flow (mathematics); Mass transfer; Pulmonary surfactant; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Environmental science; Waste management; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Chemical engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.004114038151523468,"score_gpt":0.17574355603014633,"score_spread":0.17162951787862285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068367815","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997618,0.00088583527,0.0009066606,0.00003621553,0.000013837804,0.000009252886,0.00002074497,0.000016839971,0.00049254484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989231,0.00047793466,0.0003178842,0.000010709793,0.000008857595,0.000004627345,0.000019286454,0.000007779897,0.0002298797],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99972636,0.00008742923,0.000021210948,0.000041365143,0.000058177866,0.00006551052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993086,0.00046885043,0.00007881153,0.000028921144,0.00007010364,0.00004474045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033419032,0.00025067074,0.00039904568,0.00022437787,0.0002638308,0.0006349092,0.0003046981,0.0003410716,0.0006677025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011199297,0.00015014132,0.00029038943,0.00014086321,0.0005432542,0.0005226927,0.00023600234,0.0003870254,0.00009797282],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00059289305,0.000033677592,0.0006412567,0.00013005723,0.000018497813,0.00018168817,0.00012305801,0.0010483738,0.9935243,0.0004921147,0.000030902913,0.0031831588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000023266351,0.00025505628,0.0011401994,0.0000046754853,0.000014969532,0.000037204816,0.000030189578,0.0049445126,0.9931766,0.000047293877,0.0003181952,0.000007811959],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010376341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005520455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010376341,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032303957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025352184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023438334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2068945859","doi":"10.1007/s11663-000-0122-z","title":"Numerical studies of the motion of spheroidal particles flowing with liquid metals through an electric sensing zone","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Physics; Drag; Particle (ecology); Added mass; Classical mechanics; Reynolds number; Electric field; Magnetosphere particle motion; Viscous liquid; Stokes' law; Magnetic field; Stokes flow; Vibration","score_opus":0.018507828598557423,"score_gpt":0.23711236338759165,"score_spread":0.21860453478903422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2068945859","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98302907,0.00019447737,0.008004482,0.0002847322,0.00004419514,0.00003174229,0.000066468645,0.00007898452,0.008265844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968299,0.000053671283,0.001747084,0.000019767074,0.0000064829537,0.000010461516,0.000022457209,0.000007339546,0.0013026996],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999026,0.000016818665,0.0000058341784,0.000018219858,0.000030328938,0.000026265037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99919564,0.0005224631,0.00009108812,0.00003774779,0.000084237116,0.00006888405],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026258433,0.0003099337,0.000542156,0.00057317474,0.0008164221,0.0008506103,0.00057091017,0.00096832827,0.0013594119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015832923,0.00024781932,0.0003354232,0.0005257359,0.0014509417,0.0005591774,0.00037714018,0.00045399705,0.00009000292],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039242886,0.00018616927,0.003391874,0.000096984855,0.000029496821,0.00033367568,0.00020458299,0.9593389,0.02413388,0.0070437575,0.0003862914,0.004461967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002041997,0.000043415574,0.0006381509,0.000002758261,0.0000043847085,0.000017700888,0.00004084935,0.9967997,0.0020701534,0.00023821865,0.00011600741,0.000008173338],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009702354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040964806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009702354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010248525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006894821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019291759},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069352580","doi":"10.1088/0957-4484/17/6/023","title":"Modelling of nanoparticle formation during spray pyrolysis","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nanotechnology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Council","keywords":"Materials science; Evaporation; Pyrolysis; Nanoparticle; Spray pyrolysis; Particle size; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics; Nanotechnology; Thin film; Physics","score_opus":0.008372271541251867,"score_gpt":0.18422735536120183,"score_spread":0.17585508381994996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069352580","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29848924,0.0009902911,0.69067216,0.00033182147,0.000086286665,0.00023247754,0.0004953957,0.00037320537,0.008329089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9393365,0.0013063196,0.049943775,0.00005571363,0.000021002103,0.00033475278,0.0003564387,0.00007739543,0.008568124],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998585,0.000017906583,0.0000087420985,0.00002872444,0.00006097113,0.000025110448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998049,0.000098893346,0.00003171232,0.000013587834,0.000038294114,0.00001267949],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002942047,0.00043306,0.00062740536,0.00028577694,0.00033725298,0.00055928965,0.00074608583,0.00094167294,0.0008669379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069246045,0.0003773446,0.00069512345,0.00024744606,0.0005262874,0.00082669704,0.00041968812,0.0006002843,0.00023249233],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000020984813,0.000017600796,0.00035725196,0.00006552687,0.000007426601,0.00009730254,0.00003978133,0.96793336,0.024994515,0.0043693706,0.00008272746,0.002014216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000070684932,0.000015651345,0.00013511082,0.0000034028328,0.0000022516247,0.000023030396,0.000004706202,0.9946491,0.00413433,0.0006194677,0.0004010282,0.000004819765],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050874534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017109506,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0050874534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00081524363,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001161463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010115683},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069390277","doi":"10.1063/1.4907669","title":"Effects of sedimenting particles on the turbulence structure in a horizontal channel flow","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Reynolds stress; Open-channel flow; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.012468026111529255,"score_gpt":0.21200097172404272,"score_spread":0.19953294561251347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069390277","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99972945,0.000013257434,0.00020016803,0.0000022370405,0.0000014885001,0.000002299854,0.0000089185905,0.000005607783,0.000036677215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99957377,0.00001379466,0.00031830245,0.0000029637517,0.0000017831275,0.0000018066963,0.000022266562,0.0000019685406,0.00006334684],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979717,0.000028424269,0.000019418507,0.000035417073,0.00006198557,0.00005759338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995449,0.00018218615,0.00009873609,0.00002981101,0.00006770717,0.00007658485],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029353736,0.0002681316,0.00037206316,0.0002986,0.00041441564,0.0005987835,0.00011604099,0.0001755267,0.0003405751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005449675,0.00016066158,0.00020674866,0.00017763958,0.0006558873,0.00020964787,0.0003139994,0.00025946333,0.000058002814],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010257564,0.00016531795,0.02670456,0.0000623915,0.000028304961,0.0002969336,0.00021531135,0.007673503,0.9577877,0.00010035201,0.0000361127,0.005903806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012189606,0.0037463096,0.32391375,0.000016373144,0.00009964363,0.00014573682,0.0003749394,0.04586338,0.6251736,0.00013099582,0.0003484564,0.00006482624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0029220576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017733916,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029220576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030817025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030137508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005810082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069955900","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450820522","title":"The Bed Expansion and Particle Velocity Analysis in the Swirling Fluidized Bed Combustor (SFBC) Cold Model","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Airflow; Combustor; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Expansion ratio; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Fluidized bed; Fluidized bed combustion; Materials science; Physics; Combustion; Thermodynamics; Turbulence; Geology; Chemistry; Composite material","score_opus":0.009783752592618565,"score_gpt":0.1953315853260498,"score_spread":0.18554783273343123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2069955900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9706231,0.000109975495,0.02723723,0.000047368936,0.000015479587,0.00004620214,0.00023996929,0.00017127619,0.0015094292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99529195,0.000043727585,0.0036453456,0.000004624739,0.000001888755,0.000029835724,0.00014598413,0.000010045937,0.0008266597],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999869,0.000014711064,0.000004554147,0.000029337023,0.00006022604,0.00002225815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998202,0.00006374095,0.000023117145,0.000019498082,0.00004963857,0.000023898025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026266923,0.00046011878,0.00054748607,0.00026203413,0.00046838456,0.0003545582,0.0004677028,0.00045896406,0.00061833934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004255869,0.00019210327,0.0003156529,0.00015865633,0.00042435393,0.00034214108,0.0002586103,0.00042921235,0.000102346974],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013080696,0.00022652073,0.0061740237,0.00014409825,0.000031490177,0.00021313346,0.00014991307,0.60586894,0.36925346,0.002564011,0.0005445331,0.013521873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029545621,0.00026810967,0.0050287205,0.0000028579345,0.000008927541,0.00002271065,0.000017110493,0.93645775,0.05768142,0.00016418031,0.00029970327,0.000018895786],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027570488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0098146675,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027570488,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00057617004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072556554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05482},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070221665","doi":"10.1080/02786820500494551","title":"Deposition of Particles by a Confined Impinging Jet onto a Flat Surface at Re<b>=</b>10<sup><b>4</b></sup>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Stagnation point; Nozzle; Deposition (geology); Jet (fluid); Dimensionless quantity; Reynolds number; Particle (ecology); Chemistry; Turbulence; Particle deposition; Tuyere; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology; Chromatography","score_opus":0.005826609964621663,"score_gpt":0.20774242558299996,"score_spread":0.2019158156183783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2070221665","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977423,0.00024908927,0.001215908,0.000012118838,0.0000075205326,0.000009119452,0.000063090425,0.000038365997,0.0006626073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99268883,0.00032371472,0.005151978,0.00002444938,0.000008674794,0.0000136002045,0.00017001755,0.000022514227,0.0015962298],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998816,0.000008022662,0.0000056240247,0.000028798479,0.000049900922,0.000025949583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984527,0.000056029665,0.000037245078,0.000014301747,0.000024353023,0.000022851164],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018301043,0.00032386382,0.00024106931,0.00018849922,0.00013918252,0.0003504346,0.00030831248,0.00029782098,0.0009006467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024122128,0.00020572514,0.00017286635,0.00013342395,0.00025524505,0.00016285018,0.00019367207,0.00024220652,0.00025602084],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005243889,0.000008494468,0.00015340529,0.000016818565,0.0000023496905,0.00006440762,0.000014193386,0.00018210414,0.99899215,0.000022514769,0.00001601005,0.00047508918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001461214,0.0004118846,0.008862763,0.000004137414,0.00001143964,0.00012170056,0.0000363262,0.0030887353,0.98699296,0.000016201382,0.00042935568,0.000009904272],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016237051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017587118,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016237051,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036020094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020316122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0032284856},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2071892118","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20494","title":"Micromixing in two‐phase (G‐L and S‐L) systems in a stirred vessel","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Micromixing; Rushton turbine; Impeller; Dissipation; Mechanics; Chemistry; Turbulence; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chromatography; Physics","score_opus":0.014642535208555971,"score_gpt":0.2102787120117037,"score_spread":0.19563617680314774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2071892118","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915058,0.00038665236,0.007219158,0.00005666636,0.000011986896,0.000033347496,0.000052257445,0.00008171014,0.0006524856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888621,0.00031373382,0.0097209485,0.00001934954,0.0000095570185,0.000025116724,0.00007472177,0.000017717788,0.00095670595],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970907,0.0000513267,0.000019391555,0.000079906495,0.00006935488,0.00007085469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997656,0.00010554432,0.00006322626,0.000018449355,0.000021664951,0.000025406916],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045574905,0.0002818349,0.0004118927,0.0001726532,0.00027363843,0.00047462143,0.00023097222,0.00030437147,0.00077477057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043071946,0.0001703228,0.00027243627,0.00023547998,0.0003086881,0.00039816886,0.00033796026,0.00071279844,0.00021840986],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000056313693,0.000016994716,0.0001984951,0.000036315014,0.0000043063437,0.000026759937,0.000049029222,0.0004759886,0.99737215,0.00010286944,0.000017209744,0.0016435222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016559386,0.00040520678,0.0011458194,0.000002271003,0.0000063772204,0.000022475557,0.000028004297,0.0042938553,0.99348855,0.000040198556,0.00054322573,0.0000074344675],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018878181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024874406,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018878181,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004845684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004059045,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0037536025},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072906484","doi":"10.1029/2001jd002049","title":"Lagrangian simulation of suspended particles in the neutrally stratified surface boundary layer","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Settling; Mechanics; Boundary layer; Physics; Particle (ecology); Turbulence; Magnetosphere particle motion; Eddy diffusion; Classical mechanics; Turbulent diffusion; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.06055299517510594,"score_gpt":0.33032999863155066,"score_spread":0.26977700345644473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2072906484","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99038005,0.0000315044,0.0053407173,0.00014967158,0.000015755093,0.000015844731,0.00010652233,0.00007980079,0.003880115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970656,0.000021031508,0.001856743,0.000026261798,0.0000032559872,0.000013686847,0.00010821618,0.000014351821,0.000890903],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999923,0.000014110459,0.0000031721402,0.000008116667,0.000019575475,0.00003195592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997583,0.000075310694,0.000031545427,0.000012736222,0.00004116756,0.00008100227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002187168,0.00026321373,0.00043983245,0.00027999014,0.0006195419,0.0006892804,0.0006393849,0.00083651155,0.0010651945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007092688,0.00024509686,0.00038541766,0.00028026442,0.0006634004,0.00047282246,0.0005872454,0.0005090444,0.00014989499],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013792665,0.0001512178,0.005327783,0.000017254493,0.000024280094,0.00024462116,0.00012368549,0.98217624,0.0061552464,0.003681194,0.00030147628,0.0016591665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000041809704,0.00003304119,0.00068814907,0.00000185102,0.0000031955014,0.0000050709514,0.000030986233,0.99832314,0.00043581027,0.0003311635,0.00010124373,0.0000044549743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019984191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008391965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019984191,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010414132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011875859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.039735734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074592040","doi":"10.1007/s12206-008-0410-0","title":"Numerical study on characteristics of turbulent two-phase gas-particle flow using multi-fluid model","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Stokes number; Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Volume fraction; Physics; Reynolds number; Particle-laden flows; Two-phase flow; Particle velocity; Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.03971535089103745,"score_gpt":0.30734926265299645,"score_spread":0.267633911761959,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2074592040","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93982816,0.00039139562,0.05215311,0.00023104459,0.00010546956,0.00005829161,0.00008103755,0.00020111346,0.00695051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994945,0.00008637737,0.004077924,0.000010583837,0.0000139148715,0.000015397907,0.000045983077,0.000014720403,0.00079019443],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998167,0.000055031644,0.000010910246,0.000030577772,0.000055975404,0.000030764797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999271,0.0003791681,0.00008578091,0.000040650124,0.00014885711,0.00007459886],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043481303,0.0005824893,0.00081770873,0.000739777,0.0008117356,0.0007701659,0.00084273703,0.0012990098,0.0010791441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011560483,0.00035168647,0.00072551786,0.0007141907,0.0007601003,0.0009657687,0.00045076097,0.00047787957,0.000078492885],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000255428,0.00019775686,0.0052661235,0.000107255444,0.00004018621,0.00039394505,0.00011616771,0.96778196,0.016429733,0.0036169314,0.0003232246,0.005471233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010410649,0.00002353121,0.0005173249,0.0000017123916,0.0000047934245,0.000012726209,0.00001292149,0.99840087,0.00083940214,0.000118199256,0.000051941923,0.0000062006266],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006965857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002550654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006965857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00052556855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004909793,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013850629},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075308822","doi":"10.1016/s0032-5910(99)00196-5","title":"Particle clustering in down flow reactors","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Economies of agglomeration; Particle (ecology); Cluster (spacecraft); Agglomerate; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Mechanics; Residence time distribution; Flow (mathematics); Cluster analysis; Intrusion; Process (computing); Particle size; Magnetosphere particle motion; Chemistry; Process engineering; Physics; Computer science; Engineering; Chemical engineering; Geology; Physical chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.006504553954127659,"score_gpt":0.20893855964964347,"score_spread":0.2024340056955158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075308822","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9138272,0.0010269912,0.07854977,0.0004520671,0.00011286237,0.000055822347,0.00008568301,0.00038855782,0.0055012023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904544,0.00031582805,0.0053122714,0.00004077698,0.000043407035,0.00002945662,0.00011434355,0.000064090906,0.0036253554],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996131,0.00008515801,0.000013328184,0.000108115266,0.00010382589,0.00007648694],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999485,0.00023916744,0.00006272009,0.00004989883,0.0000849688,0.000078285215],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052314,0.000413363,0.0008530392,0.0009819266,0.0009979312,0.0014569438,0.0008763369,0.00089331076,0.0014023614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015713023,0.0005807179,0.00040533085,0.0004189081,0.0010482096,0.0012882757,0.00075769285,0.0008851793,0.0003583736],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014377587,0.00049236283,0.0069082975,0.00029661,0.00008531344,0.00058068876,0.0004230346,0.40516654,0.47778627,0.07905781,0.0034198225,0.024345564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000049502425,0.0001416297,0.0038432823,0.000004728208,0.00001614396,0.00006521671,0.00006429667,0.8953857,0.09392113,0.0052566244,0.0012212079,0.000030476423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004214303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014535845,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004214303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015297185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004490037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011098981},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075399198","doi":"10.1016/j.camwa.2010.09.042","title":"Homotopy perturbation method for motion of a spherical solid particle in plane couette fluid flow","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Couette flow; Mathematics; Homotopy analysis method; Perturbation (astronomy); Homotopy; Homotopy perturbation method; Mathematical analysis; Convergence (economics); Conic section; Plane (geometry); Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Geometry; Physics; Pure mathematics","score_opus":0.010110528024986201,"score_gpt":0.2588107537613045,"score_spread":0.24870022573631834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2075399198","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.03959749,0.00039863266,0.9506857,0.0004816202,0.00034072154,0.000093918236,0.000057856156,0.000138779,0.008205318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.650904,0.0012183045,0.3029944,0.00029052218,0.00039451258,0.00029006536,0.00018591661,0.00027545224,0.043446857],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998704,0.000055120792,0.000005058243,0.000015689451,0.000042158317,0.000011568909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999785,0.000081333026,0.000016474743,0.000013734128,0.00007013438,0.00003336803],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004135246,0.000526067,0.0006863601,0.0008987045,0.00055624475,0.00068999315,0.0009376201,0.0012634089,0.0025762438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009985674,0.00026353615,0.00048211665,0.00045346768,0.0009053486,0.0008553797,0.0012634919,0.0011057904,0.00042090128],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003715822,0.00020453126,0.00081337756,0.00038069376,0.00010218326,0.0005023682,0.00032969887,0.50355715,0.035114046,0.38148683,0.004968994,0.07216858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008280009,0.000023065084,0.000074659365,0.0000034676723,0.000005106232,0.000021177342,0.000017105145,0.9879523,0.00067074277,0.010072014,0.0011461221,0.000005896364],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004019547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022734453,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004019547,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059266447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00064549205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008618355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076118197","doi":"10.1007/bf02870962","title":"The motion of bubbles in a sinusoidally oscillating liquid in microgravity","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microgravity Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Bubble; Amplitude; Mechanics; Physics; Reynolds number; Motion (physics); Classical mechanics; Optics","score_opus":0.0039666037125327186,"score_gpt":0.21135385864471265,"score_spread":0.20738725493217994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076118197","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962296,0.0001411037,0.0022283348,0.00014391224,0.000016773449,0.000007379068,0.000027234513,0.00003493414,0.0011707303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986891,0.000040145977,0.0006394846,0.000021315005,0.000008456461,0.000004315453,0.000022975299,0.00000965832,0.0005645825],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999948,0.000008234587,0.0000027116591,0.0000140222355,0.000013196347,0.000013695922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980575,0.000058178375,0.000047432484,0.000015153278,0.000024696234,0.000048786336],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014531339,0.00014995488,0.00024508353,0.00028090697,0.00042089526,0.0005904245,0.0002519733,0.0005640362,0.0014246106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006486214,0.00015805356,0.00014156313,0.00017287789,0.0007971643,0.000781155,0.00045051114,0.0003600923,0.00012405265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017624064,0.00014604919,0.013128556,0.00014713113,0.000048552527,0.0012917956,0.0011702989,0.042353056,0.9148213,0.007939286,0.00084211637,0.016349407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00025176894,0.0016691335,0.06299683,0.000033036868,0.000066127854,0.0005988934,0.0013310043,0.7191645,0.20572156,0.003871525,0.004143734,0.00015199148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019407534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008307853,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019407534,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031719354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023527352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0047658086},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076946868","doi":"10.1063/1.3632100","title":"Neutrally buoyant particle dynamics in fluid flows: Comparison of experiments with Lagrangian stochastic models","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Drag; Classical mechanics; Lift (data mining); Lagrangian; Statistical physics; Stochastic modelling; Particle-laden flows; Particle (ecology); Chaotic; Mechanics; Stochastic process; Fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Two-phase flow; Mathematics; Mathematical physics","score_opus":0.03786943006880168,"score_gpt":0.25590818729819675,"score_spread":0.21803875722939509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2076946868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.972784,0.00021954974,0.025818178,0.00010120445,0.00002704447,0.000037375692,0.000053588465,0.00013015125,0.00082893047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959,0.00012122982,0.0037572233,0.000012972955,0.000009217848,0.000026686132,0.000055962068,0.000011853674,0.00010484816],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994837,0.00015688987,0.00003802946,0.000080188765,0.00018680218,0.00005439635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997997,0.001141695,0.00033413677,0.00020426308,0.0002302451,0.000092640716],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001503406,0.00038154644,0.00035766233,0.0006223138,0.0003638791,0.0004612168,0.00055146567,0.0004482878,0.00031875595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004414225,0.00016952984,0.0002357707,0.00031754028,0.000811816,0.000883846,0.000498895,0.00042616215,0.00007365354],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017457341,0.0018223271,0.024709385,0.00039665936,0.0001308186,0.00041207595,0.0009897668,0.24899222,0.6579517,0.020268777,0.0007801927,0.041800298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006448899,0.0007064398,0.0034039489,0.000011716082,0.000018515899,0.000057448404,0.000048382863,0.86936986,0.12353881,0.002432761,0.0003091002,0.00003859538],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012907941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005163687,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001503406,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004946068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024066167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007950902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2077337012","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780414","title":"The effect of particle shape on pipeline friction for newtonian slurries of fine particles","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Saskatchewan Research Council (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Laminar flow; Turbulence; Viscosity; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Reynolds number; Newtonian fluid; Apparent viscosity; Particle size; Friction loss; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Chemistry; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.005394729384015356,"score_gpt":0.1914270386820495,"score_spread":0.18603230929803413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2077337012","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992136,0.00008826558,0.0004940273,0.000008372976,0.0000044595436,0.0000062949225,0.00001760656,0.0000086731525,0.00015882988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99950767,0.000045469493,0.00031701184,0.0000059307617,0.0000011998482,0.0000018218628,0.000021861762,0.0000045240145,0.00009454396],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994918,0.000064519845,0.00004401642,0.00009152784,0.00021424994,0.00009394531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981415,0.00097483577,0.0003296363,0.00014278963,0.00029494776,0.00011625666],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058272836,0.00032358267,0.0004533782,0.0003029737,0.0003110061,0.0008213143,0.00027734975,0.00042213808,0.0005823239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0043524606,0.00025872298,0.0003642345,0.00022001966,0.0004324317,0.0004856801,0.00031710826,0.00029221576,0.00016848752],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023496337,0.00016404658,0.009156846,0.00011250804,0.00003331982,0.0001863286,0.00015659438,0.0070031397,0.9724874,0.00009830117,0.00006161247,0.008190265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000082629034,0.00401362,0.045263026,0.000013125371,0.00006360129,0.00017568051,0.00016742732,0.021774827,0.92793965,0.00008069732,0.0003867316,0.00003896087],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014826441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015310928,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014826441,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040724708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018175642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0030817986},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078000007","doi":"10.1163/156856108x396264","title":"Removing 20 nm Particles Using a Supersonic Argon Particle Beam Generated with a Contoured Laval Nozzle","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Beam (structure); Stagnation pressure; Range (aeronautics); Particle beam; Particle size; Supersonic speed; Particle velocity; Ceramic; Argon; Composite material; Mechanics; Optics; Atomic physics; Physics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Mach number","score_opus":0.014159021610846496,"score_gpt":0.24241714123395142,"score_spread":0.2282581196231049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078000007","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.955854,0.00056527,0.040258653,0.000091694696,0.0000757813,0.00014289266,0.00014075072,0.0003675824,0.002503439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9290254,0.0005008469,0.06721023,0.00012211398,0.00001660179,0.0001458614,0.00023270382,0.0001001052,0.0026460707],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997445,0.00001407664,0.000017217857,0.00004539413,0.00013594615,0.000042876112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973446,0.00007200163,0.000075726755,0.000038637845,0.00005728554,0.00002189959],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005106114,0.00034149634,0.00042964812,0.00028970477,0.00029585528,0.00041460298,0.0005037152,0.00066364394,0.0009040548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039249222,0.0002560245,0.00035033186,0.00023011761,0.0003628878,0.00036429963,0.0004018651,0.0005305136,0.0002610641],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003993343,0.000021466834,0.00022818585,0.000044106437,0.000005372162,0.000053284573,0.000064488486,0.0005719952,0.99623173,0.00030153067,0.0001042245,0.0023336967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021775448,0.00011572539,0.00088253256,0.0000036406743,0.0000062256236,0.000048366124,0.000016455793,0.004133896,0.99268794,0.00003505059,0.0020391932,0.000009098245],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010999878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013835779,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010999878,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004540531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004110082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0032944083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078143001","doi":"10.1080/01457632.2012.739038","title":"Initial Oxide Particle Deposition Under Low-Temperature Cooling Water Conditions: Experiments Under Subcooled Boiling at High pH","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heat Transfer Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Subcooling; Materials science; Dissolution; Deposition (geology); Suspension (topology); Boiling; Particle deposition; Heat transfer; Isothermal process; Depot; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.012101572660831898,"score_gpt":0.23371380750737875,"score_spread":0.22161223484654685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2078143001","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979571,0.00016086214,0.0010244088,0.000022403197,0.000006149715,0.000044734687,0.000151564,0.000035626712,0.0005970766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975363,0.00015687998,0.0014324158,0.000025562178,0.000010199427,0.000041207426,0.0001555821,0.000028153734,0.00061367225],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997485,0.000030358176,0.000016676828,0.000051471663,0.00007500312,0.00007804834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996698,0.00012761823,0.00005187504,0.000033468456,0.00008635651,0.000030894542],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023087779,0.00034872376,0.0004749878,0.00018060397,0.00041055845,0.00032376256,0.0002700079,0.0002768367,0.0013296708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00053424813,0.00020693049,0.00032209393,0.00019898552,0.0003491239,0.00028053657,0.00032903222,0.00055549975,0.00022791809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000071181305,0.00001317253,0.00022654403,0.000030047446,0.0000035471712,0.000025245798,0.00006608217,0.000051144365,0.99907374,0.0000068624236,0.000010384595,0.0004219489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008004826,0.00033223082,0.0034937863,0.0000026742428,0.000008984785,0.000036759604,0.000048463717,0.00045256934,0.995433,0.000009745491,0.000168591,0.000005162915],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046621985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042663463,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0046621985,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003885125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025773278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009270072},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079149175","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.046","title":"CFD simulation and experimental measurement of droplet deposition and hydrocarbon fouling at high temperatures","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Fouling; Deposition (geology); Computational fluid dynamics; Hydrocarbon; Petroleum engineering; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Environmental science; Engineering; Chemistry; Geology; Aerospace engineering; Organic chemistry; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.01462242547559195,"score_gpt":0.2031532667383266,"score_spread":0.18853084126273464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079149175","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99261206,0.00008906332,0.0041476157,0.000055707354,0.000024044037,0.000016488748,0.00020747358,0.00008143866,0.0027661903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978593,0.000041475305,0.0015332818,0.0000054641855,0.0000027745361,0.000007276939,0.000074531636,0.000008973326,0.0004670284],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982387,0.000016450436,0.000012942561,0.00003053981,0.00007146549,0.000044618013],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958795,0.00023779419,0.000033185213,0.000037401518,0.0000824816,0.000021259712],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023132421,0.00021850149,0.00033009326,0.0002756949,0.00048229014,0.00043497514,0.00035932995,0.00053206726,0.0015964645],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00081432745,0.00027386603,0.000363705,0.00026693128,0.00043552075,0.00038028418,0.00023672529,0.0003605196,0.00019698452],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013436964,0.00049198815,0.016362792,0.00021923246,0.00004312812,0.00045651288,0.0002463056,0.51038486,0.4525648,0.0024036416,0.00076042936,0.014722693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005593631,0.0001580849,0.0065995036,0.0000061221335,0.000011053384,0.0000503023,0.000039026385,0.7638374,0.2285546,0.00016124682,0.00050174206,0.00002505012],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008421964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042430777,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008421964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009783007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006485753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016745865},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079605759","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.08.044","title":"Large-eddy simulation of particle-laden turbulent flow with heat transfer","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Thessaly","keywords":"Nusselt number; Heat transfer; Churchill–Bernstein equation; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Physics; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.008358956700736001,"score_gpt":0.2268148878037936,"score_spread":0.2184559311030576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2079605759","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9679137,0.0001801546,0.023222627,0.00037022724,0.00015084498,0.00008825047,0.00024155862,0.00046024498,0.0073723374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995095,0.000028697237,0.0038759212,0.000026132197,0.00001676411,0.000029331524,0.000088842135,0.000042254156,0.00079701055],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978477,0.00007513441,0.00001721773,0.000028414917,0.000047877777,0.000046589375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998705,0.0008021758,0.00009719824,0.000082126775,0.0001288912,0.00018462214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005600762,0.0006522077,0.0009097149,0.00046756773,0.00094150973,0.0012592964,0.0011567848,0.0017673816,0.0020256697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019264193,0.0005673941,0.0006622526,0.0004398813,0.000982974,0.001063685,0.0007655636,0.0010341362,0.00015529967],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021647767,0.00029642653,0.0022778662,0.000033580156,0.000037620044,0.00011112169,0.000042479263,0.9920699,0.0021466422,0.0009787176,0.0002458517,0.001543267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002931283,0.000023605782,0.0003254103,0.0000011713029,0.000002739375,0.0000032676496,0.000006688317,0.99914074,0.00034354746,0.00007189741,0.00004791607,0.000003748991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018790543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010611447,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018790543,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010090153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013704142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.037362337},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080016359","doi":"10.1260/175722509789685856","title":"Numerical simulation of nanoparticle acceleration in a Laval micronozzle with subsequent deceleration in a wall compression layer","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Aerospace Innovations","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Acceleration; Nanoparticle; Mechanics; Materials science; Compression (physics); Coating; Layer (electronics); Composite material; Simulation; Mechanical engineering; Nanotechnology; Physics; Engineering; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.019885996755942967,"score_gpt":0.28936406102965767,"score_spread":0.2694780642737147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080016359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99050915,0.00008907378,0.0046049044,0.00015157452,0.000025574886,0.00003093853,0.00020016867,0.00008062624,0.0043079928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99564654,0.000057282567,0.0027396407,0.000018176146,0.0000033443882,0.00002568484,0.00012666732,0.000010131697,0.0013725054],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999219,0.000008902428,0.0000032267371,0.000010533752,0.000021881026,0.00003348465],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997423,0.00012683842,0.00003423487,0.000016199854,0.000037567137,0.00004289119],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014652082,0.0003127598,0.00044276367,0.00029383556,0.0005827981,0.00053051935,0.00051461486,0.00093988434,0.0013847116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005699685,0.00016935311,0.0003861722,0.00027147305,0.00061269966,0.00025004797,0.00042040867,0.0005010353,0.000098112316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021041551,0.00009700186,0.004177828,0.000066603905,0.000026509631,0.0003505128,0.00012919682,0.97607476,0.014870322,0.0017315589,0.00021830748,0.0020470729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031695778,0.00010013897,0.001584585,0.000005503574,0.000008062733,0.000033006017,0.00008113786,0.9933298,0.004227668,0.00020066938,0.0003865406,0.000011207415],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019395795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007132952,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019395795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006938656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007983107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038565814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080154997","doi":"10.1115/1.1624426","title":"Analysis of the Flow Through a Vented Automotive Brake Rotor","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Rotor (electric); Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Inlet; Flow (mathematics); Suction; Brake; Centrifugal pump; Materials science; Airflow; Mechanical engineering; Impeller; Engineering; Physics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.007315091107008565,"score_gpt":0.2108565966185769,"score_spread":0.20354150551156833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080154997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848647,0.00019020167,0.013627555,0.000027243428,0.000017920771,0.000034767534,0.00019340207,0.00018653777,0.00085767166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98772115,0.0001523078,0.010055662,0.000017199623,0.000004045552,0.000020040034,0.0004088492,0.000025434309,0.0015953303],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999051,0.0000071682457,0.0000032910389,0.000022047725,0.000043330725,0.000018925875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982613,0.000053538162,0.000018291776,0.000010756308,0.00007298368,0.000018372426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015406002,0.00016348278,0.00022203688,0.00039080478,0.00025204828,0.0003863513,0.00022981131,0.00035936353,0.00079859636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027403736,0.00010934298,0.00014671193,0.00019911857,0.00033562534,0.00019645125,0.000096296615,0.00033661473,0.00018085368],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015695863,0.00003730997,0.002303193,0.000037306905,0.000005515178,0.00013973402,0.000099772595,0.0014736794,0.9835833,0.00035168484,0.00009933283,0.011712262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003811395,0.00065382686,0.049861304,0.000019323372,0.000015806721,0.00029362508,0.00017483179,0.06792333,0.87656796,0.00023366894,0.004179387,0.000038914746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022174055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013241407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022174055,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002749481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025493008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004409015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080545167","doi":"10.2202/1542-6580.1148","title":"Horizontal Penetration of Gas-Liquid Spray Jets in Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Syncrude","keywords":"Nozzle; Mechanics; Penetration (warfare); Jet (fluid); Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.0062808411267121726,"score_gpt":0.23610109394285436,"score_spread":0.22982025281614218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2080545167","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.27000818,0.0010055435,0.72517794,0.0000929994,0.000048651786,0.00014064,0.00018202928,0.0009502924,0.0023936403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9413124,0.00065063493,0.05675168,0.000027049564,0.000020128464,0.00009552224,0.00014307241,0.00008754878,0.00091198966],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999765,0.000036371257,0.000010343983,0.00002586705,0.00012977238,0.00003257144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996743,0.00016104677,0.000050769166,0.000022905202,0.00007122565,0.000019756066],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00052342657,0.0008923549,0.00080339925,0.00048225705,0.00034540298,0.00045210143,0.0008131024,0.00079213857,0.0005722858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010595779,0.00046329046,0.00065714493,0.00040152218,0.0004841817,0.00061653124,0.0005062623,0.0007601384,0.000144886],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007783112,0.00007613235,0.0045297015,0.00017355585,0.00004207115,0.0004225747,0.00008838568,0.89119536,0.058820978,0.0056009926,0.0002164125,0.038756028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000790565,0.00003334573,0.0006863058,0.000003292537,0.0000035666433,0.00003710019,0.000002770942,0.98814106,0.010703861,0.00024584285,0.00012748771,0.00000743985],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056837453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028363585,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0056837453,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007102323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001017839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011301339},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2082059805","doi":"10.1007/s11663-000-0054-7","title":"Numerical studies of the motion of particles in current-carrying liquid metals flowing in a circular pipe","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Drag; Physics; Current (fluid); Particle (ecology); Inertia; Reynolds number; Classical mechanics; Added mass; Electric field; Electric current; Vibration; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.024984181934109232,"score_gpt":0.2570628871143731,"score_spread":0.23207870518026386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2082059805","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9757757,0.00035900334,0.013015218,0.0004339558,0.000082315826,0.00006548136,0.000090709735,0.00010515531,0.01007235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99488384,0.00009489969,0.0031095585,0.000036924015,0.00001858562,0.000023226514,0.000043440705,0.00001771992,0.0017717613],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984515,0.000034779452,0.000010768132,0.00002578892,0.0000401084,0.00004336223],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988171,0.0007054293,0.0001404224,0.00006483318,0.00013362817,0.00013865903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045085483,0.00040248848,0.0007390878,0.0009544161,0.0012911299,0.0011945143,0.00095460296,0.0019369656,0.0015885616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0027516626,0.0004598145,0.00058340974,0.0008742811,0.0025976263,0.0007574131,0.0006088472,0.00075151183,0.00015507892],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002769234,0.00019228888,0.0040454436,0.00007594311,0.000032442684,0.00047845638,0.00022627108,0.9777495,0.006937425,0.0066868803,0.00041375525,0.0028846536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000023669516,0.000050003247,0.00072120206,0.0000045753527,0.0000059079903,0.000025055197,0.000050841954,0.9980039,0.0006450291,0.00031463042,0.00014524857,0.000009882423],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013512952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004806732,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013512952,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011457774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009137387,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026868582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085387418","doi":"10.1021/la061702q","title":"Particle Deposition onto Charge Heterogeneous Surfaces:  Convection−Diffusion−Migration Model","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Diffusion; Particle deposition; Particle (ecology); Surface charge; Chemical physics; Convection; Chemistry; Particle size; Materials science; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.008212851915533108,"score_gpt":0.19826821336371375,"score_spread":0.19005536144818064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085387418","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4233998,0.0036293743,0.54935306,0.0013379394,0.00035280126,0.0004974683,0.0006301117,0.0005110899,0.020288361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96012175,0.0016977459,0.020406032,0.00016807644,0.0000685727,0.0003398004,0.00023528219,0.000057305457,0.016905457],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980336,0.000028494822,0.0000072970565,0.000055019053,0.000055102224,0.000050785544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960035,0.00018914884,0.000069338275,0.000028399818,0.00007728585,0.000035446996],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005993062,0.0010658482,0.0010936768,0.0006806698,0.00046029408,0.00097641174,0.0013237913,0.0018372053,0.0016436309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013939183,0.0005121776,0.0007435346,0.0004907945,0.00083404727,0.001135482,0.00066707,0.0005807973,0.000480319],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015176671,0.00008544688,0.00087588734,0.00017722185,0.000029549992,0.00032295933,0.00012857225,0.9134668,0.055488676,0.023762144,0.00070219126,0.004808694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026563463,0.0000166515,0.00009558546,0.0000023876196,0.000005034361,0.00001866342,0.000004199857,0.99734724,0.0015284439,0.00074649096,0.00020235348,0.0000063162624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008320947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002297597,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008320947,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001453415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009231776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016545057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085394028","doi":"10.1139/p07-198","title":"On the effect of gravitational and hydrodynamic forces on particle motion in a quiescent fluid at high particle Reynolds numbers","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Warwick","keywords":"Reynolds number; Physics; Drag; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Drag coefficient; Magnetosphere particle motion; Classical mechanics; Range (aeronautics); Added mass; Particle velocity; Turbulence; Materials science","score_opus":0.006713798605214292,"score_gpt":0.1910814823465682,"score_spread":0.1843676837413539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085394028","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950631,0.00025043738,0.00397825,0.000019310091,0.000008546602,0.0000090095,0.000023519871,0.000050988143,0.00059681287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974969,0.00013335193,0.0020439508,0.000008734334,0.0000061915925,0.0000059494355,0.00004525956,0.00001498795,0.0002445661],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988496,0.000019525993,0.0000086265645,0.000027043414,0.000036805603,0.000023072325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994301,0.000360683,0.00008095691,0.000030440657,0.00005382827,0.00004382627],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025505797,0.000300068,0.00030501606,0.00039356263,0.00035416833,0.00036999487,0.0002657269,0.00019429075,0.000897643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000805012,0.00015145064,0.00016722758,0.00027902864,0.0007117209,0.0002387219,0.00022008471,0.00023076512,0.00017437949],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00064885867,0.00009769683,0.011483744,0.00016562305,0.000031448188,0.00073877105,0.0005617651,0.031349335,0.9293786,0.0013121188,0.00020685773,0.024025146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000061653904,0.001221471,0.080725014,0.000027497754,0.000060402104,0.00041416063,0.00020547735,0.26262432,0.6522747,0.0008420514,0.0014646195,0.000078581776],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017033151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010296538,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017033151,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004330321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022047998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033867955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085610174","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780306","title":"On the validity of the gradient diffusion approach as applied to modelling particle dispersion in a turbulent gaseous flow","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Turbulent diffusion; Dispersion (optics); Diffusion; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Thermal diffusivity; Jet (fluid); Statistical physics; Yield (engineering); Physics; Thermodynamics; Optics; Geology","score_opus":0.012517789428516305,"score_gpt":0.17308673364709523,"score_spread":0.16056894421857892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085610174","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3526093,0.00079200714,0.6384866,0.00064022635,0.00005932863,0.000105855135,0.0000532402,0.00019683017,0.00705667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9697446,0.00021871584,0.029241594,0.00004634519,0.000016934699,0.00004348338,0.00002246956,0.000038815997,0.0006270744],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995511,0.00018600716,0.000024618137,0.00006126914,0.00013582538,0.00004108095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99773645,0.0017152159,0.0001730435,0.00009922061,0.00021481705,0.00006129536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020460794,0.00057304965,0.000600778,0.00061509595,0.00060404575,0.0010616153,0.0007178402,0.001140066,0.00039255337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0090262145,0.0002390287,0.00034298006,0.00027762807,0.0016545109,0.0012432525,0.0010280531,0.0005586511,0.0001708068],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008612309,0.000032352513,0.0035821109,0.00005707114,0.000020080812,0.0001524144,0.0000894254,0.93293905,0.008946997,0.042179257,0.00018242918,0.011732679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035891478,0.000014181092,0.00013614076,0.0000041355147,0.0000015818243,0.000008969717,0.000003874759,0.996567,0.00087408937,0.0023016399,0.00008141781,0.0000034065017],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006235743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018782654,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006235743,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00070038426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006632658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012398899},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085708707","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.11.008","title":"Modeling of flow dynamics in laminar aerosol flow tubes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Laminar flow; Laminar flow reactor; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Aerosol; Computational fluid dynamics; Laminar sublayer; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Tube (container); Open-channel flow; Flow separation; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Meteorology; Turbulence; Physics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.008638040601136408,"score_gpt":0.2232877882731363,"score_spread":0.2146497476719999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2085708707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76781946,0.00085293484,0.21947238,0.00056822266,0.00013869972,0.00019246504,0.0002140428,0.0005444589,0.010197299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861903,0.00028014937,0.010231286,0.00003647571,0.000043320524,0.00006375439,0.000077941026,0.00004470581,0.0030320731],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999814,0.000058345322,0.000009593731,0.000033966833,0.00004401331,0.000040220068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946207,0.0003085334,0.000068058005,0.000021439717,0.00008033123,0.000059627684],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044291394,0.00082202244,0.0008998013,0.0006069376,0.0009927512,0.0014077071,0.0011872946,0.0020046951,0.0010020909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015415722,0.0005915031,0.00074311026,0.00038761226,0.00091400254,0.0009849187,0.00071424176,0.00067546614,0.0001759045],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032302833,0.000034694673,0.0006968787,0.000010064491,0.0000061878227,0.000039300307,0.000018738287,0.99510574,0.0014935363,0.001404965,0.000060542177,0.0010970999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004123008,0.0000061961887,0.00006487122,8.4815724e-7,0.0000011660705,0.0000027242997,0.0000019214858,0.9995234,0.00023493356,0.000118965465,0.000039349874,0.0000014828142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01831258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0048591117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01831258,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012727233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015409141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03641194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086049588","doi":"10.1007/s12217-010-9189-6","title":"Effect of Viscosity on Vibration-Induced Motion of a Spherical Particle Suspended in a Fluid Cell","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Microgravity Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Space Agency","keywords":"Vibration; Viscosity; Mechanics; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Amplitude; Suspension (topology); Convection; Physics; Classical mechanics; Optics; Composite material; Acoustics","score_opus":0.003823213178923224,"score_gpt":0.227462787238855,"score_spread":0.22363957405993176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086049588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99870515,0.00012146097,0.00049360876,0.000035945868,0.00002491546,0.0000032225462,0.000015089438,0.000008762077,0.00059181446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995484,0.00005841745,0.00018651182,0.000011548011,0.0000054909283,0.000001423377,0.0000140074635,0.000004854784,0.0001692633],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999058,0.000016729122,0.000005519463,0.000015085321,0.000021546333,0.00003528108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994686,0.00033972642,0.000060406142,0.000020727774,0.000036700985,0.00007388859],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019161776,0.00015199085,0.00023819241,0.00017821435,0.00027538254,0.0003225447,0.00021106208,0.00025777184,0.0022395775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089872896,0.00012373202,0.00019171882,0.00011306272,0.00042514107,0.00021176762,0.00020078752,0.0003712495,0.00010204711],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0021263245,0.000089203575,0.0014090501,0.000113099915,0.000029165652,0.00044003787,0.00022523322,0.0031841297,0.98692596,0.0004100929,0.00011397273,0.0049336785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016758515,0.0022881827,0.021598358,0.00003353327,0.00008353131,0.00023874096,0.00033143134,0.04529847,0.9287187,0.00019385952,0.0010013607,0.000046219768],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00061277766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043575474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022395775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019796511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015462132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0074921846},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086231900","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780117","title":"A model for the evaporation of water from large glass particles in pneumatic transport","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inlet; Evaporation; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Tube (container); Mechanics; Glass tube; Draft tube; Work (physics); Volumetric flow rate; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.011766362871708479,"score_gpt":0.18855580490756363,"score_spread":0.17678944203585514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086231900","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44254485,0.0015060885,0.5304553,0.0010985286,0.00020446247,0.0004230985,0.00072240905,0.0005388809,0.022506434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95466924,0.00093844155,0.01561852,0.0001134275,0.00004001421,0.0004011864,0.00023973611,0.000107834145,0.027871596],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998204,0.000029137802,0.000008572848,0.000038096405,0.00006470826,0.000039039052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979335,0.00010286379,0.000030393894,0.000011404278,0.000039620325,0.000022495207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003216119,0.00074594835,0.00073178543,0.00048235545,0.0007514392,0.0006766594,0.0010494061,0.001559454,0.0020336206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007736499,0.00042865504,0.000855886,0.00037727176,0.00077863963,0.0010310016,0.0004835503,0.0005759691,0.00042097512],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008660417,0.0000599607,0.0007710657,0.0001216973,0.000023046534,0.00032371786,0.00007568005,0.94672376,0.03130624,0.015434681,0.00061077107,0.004462782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000023469927,0.00003335298,0.00033851987,0.00000445696,0.00000809745,0.00005233796,0.00000980326,0.99522924,0.0025856236,0.0010113423,0.0006931611,0.000010613589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0146333715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004173515,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0146333715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014659334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010813376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.029096365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086413805","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450820209","title":"The Two‐Phase Flow in an Axially Stirred Vessel Investigated Using Phase‐Doppler Anemometry","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet","keywords":"Impeller; Mechanics; Phase (matter); Flow (mathematics); Slip (aerodynamics); Materials science; Fluid dynamics; Two-phase flow; Slip factor; Laser Doppler velocimetry; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.018698036114466573,"score_gpt":0.2533843567518277,"score_spread":0.2346863206373611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086413805","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925085,0.00014977326,0.006513077,0.000052172683,0.000019498817,0.000019671472,0.000049852984,0.000055237928,0.000632296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949875,0.00012583577,0.0042866883,0.000018173801,0.000012037986,0.000010891233,0.000052055035,0.0000062712948,0.0005006346],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998399,0.00003444956,0.000006724065,0.000030426867,0.000064767126,0.00002381073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997296,0.00011283843,0.00004642381,0.000011611732,0.00006921873,0.000030225467],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035259305,0.00025705225,0.0003207649,0.00031139358,0.00034950557,0.0006556401,0.0002448962,0.00046168463,0.00032909965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055193965,0.00015122611,0.00019018888,0.00024902303,0.00038806262,0.00040517343,0.00022045372,0.00045078027,0.00012863713],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019848949,0.000048658785,0.0011285995,0.000021599351,0.0000033453173,0.00007290685,0.000054469794,0.000769551,0.9944036,0.0002895288,0.000029058563,0.0029803226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017567544,0.0014898622,0.019331867,0.000013393307,0.000030646595,0.00020985251,0.00014805267,0.079615116,0.89615935,0.00048406146,0.002295149,0.00004704186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020364134,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00085316156,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020364134,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035857098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000442555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0040490627},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2086598469","doi":"10.1080/10618560902973748","title":"A scalable parallel algorithm for the direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible particulate flow","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International journal of computational fluid dynamics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Canada Research Grid; University of Alberta; University of Calgary","keywords":"Direct numerical simulation; Computer science; Flow (mathematics); Particulates; Scalability; Compressibility; Multiphase flow; Closure (psychology); Particle (ecology); Scale (ratio); Stokes number; Mechanics; Inertial frame of reference; Particle-laden flows; Computational science; Algorithm; Two-phase flow; Physics; Reynolds number; Classical mechanics; Turbulence; Geology","score_opus":0.011645802635847028,"score_gpt":0.2691420981192962,"score_spread":0.25749629548344916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2086598469","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016447136,0.00015781473,0.9776922,0.00011993267,0.00008984547,0.00012214578,0.00013545538,0.001883152,0.0033522632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.15406913,0.00020947956,0.8414568,0.00007435388,0.000056286,0.00057183753,0.0004224797,0.00027393323,0.0028656777],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997662,0.000036198904,0.000011532124,0.00003111109,0.00013310491,0.000021866477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966836,0.00011803832,0.000023404007,0.00006320926,0.00009555197,0.000031528816],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045615388,0.0005548225,0.00068666466,0.0003561066,0.00065555825,0.00046705527,0.0013561926,0.00063024164,0.0026132888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012541512,0.00028785624,0.000520966,0.0007350728,0.0004411373,0.00051766436,0.00080846023,0.000801488,0.0007258865],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019305493,0.0002100089,0.0014516452,0.00023655852,0.000092841285,0.0005379289,0.00019544463,0.7050685,0.026419539,0.04202925,0.009405307,0.2141598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000464151,0.00002146793,0.00010978165,0.000002699463,0.0000048776,0.000038551865,0.000004958542,0.9934589,0.0012516455,0.0027133634,0.002341966,0.000005330343],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035029775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036648908,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0035029775,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004267128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013231478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008742273},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087502316","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.01.035","title":"Analysis of tracer particle migration in inhomogeneous turbulence","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Kinetic energy; Physics; Random walk; Turbulence kinetic energy; Dispersion (optics); Particle (ecology); Probability density function; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Flow (mathematics); Anisotropy; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Statistics; Geology; Optics","score_opus":0.0054314085779823724,"score_gpt":0.21770051065376644,"score_spread":0.21226910207578406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087502316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.674284,0.00044471593,0.32237577,0.00012940528,0.000063063606,0.000056180143,0.00005057136,0.00026738094,0.0023288853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883767,0.00010315825,0.010210856,0.000012214305,0.000009443984,0.0000102218455,0.000034496727,0.00003217169,0.0012107919],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991643,0.000021823136,0.0000041132607,0.00001434607,0.000022273261,0.000020974458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996112,0.00017971132,0.000053751013,0.00003066159,0.0000808354,0.00004393964],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038772292,0.00044386555,0.0003757227,0.0007844327,0.0004516887,0.0006587069,0.0005825118,0.0005417466,0.0005852546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001131916,0.0001855862,0.00040338,0.00033495232,0.0006944785,0.00050293247,0.00035560926,0.00031545252,0.000090739035],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009809103,0.00025665216,0.009518898,0.000113499016,0.00008234675,0.00059555727,0.00016310287,0.72078633,0.20453414,0.038046926,0.00053415966,0.024387546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005539137,0.000020561401,0.0006631031,9.346117e-7,0.0000040414234,0.000019940522,0.0000072705525,0.99432015,0.004485249,0.00038912625,0.00008002717,0.0000038961584],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004878035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017554038,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004878035,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007822746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005230545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009699285},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2087747622","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.07.006","title":"Optimization of supersonic nozzle flow for titanium dioxide thin-film coating by aerosol deposition","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Coating; Computational fluid dynamics; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Substrate (aquarium); Supersonic speed; Layer (electronics); Composite material; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.015874926304397352,"score_gpt":0.22700926668325105,"score_spread":0.2111343403788537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2087747622","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665536,0.0009130776,0.02856242,0.00009716588,0.00008559849,0.00006529446,0.000058503898,0.00018421654,0.0034800123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99223644,0.00022256843,0.0070909187,0.000011544743,0.000009757399,0.000015908348,0.00003178305,0.000019992169,0.00036113986],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984646,0.00001854245,0.00000868252,0.000028123372,0.00006001478,0.000038069757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986064,0.00004718225,0.000033234366,0.00000957566,0.00003431603,0.000014957491],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031347238,0.00046221347,0.0005521923,0.00030193213,0.000439936,0.00091631326,0.00035532293,0.00047189152,0.0008657983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00049343094,0.00031229053,0.00043461518,0.00021930254,0.00022282072,0.00029464092,0.00034882984,0.00031764686,0.00016096212],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046138468,0.0002836178,0.001669033,0.00024551278,0.000038203525,0.0001513084,0.00005104246,0.09087301,0.8828672,0.001028433,0.00031427506,0.022017008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015964685,0.000976932,0.003958775,0.000014721579,0.00006105057,0.000060206236,0.000044234563,0.5458507,0.44752303,0.00017299615,0.0011341518,0.000043631953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002780638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033925504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002780638,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00083585293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007615054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006064534},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2089055128","doi":"10.1063/1.2743912","title":"Particle momentum effects from the detonation of heterogeneous explosives","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Detonation; Explosive material; Physics; Impulse (physics); Momentum (technical analysis); Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Classical mechanics; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.008678794440537093,"score_gpt":0.214425389871171,"score_spread":0.2057465954306339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2089055128","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931874,0.00020444908,0.00540517,0.000041419935,0.000012920186,0.000014560537,0.000024454128,0.000057004578,0.0010526907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99861526,0.00012806644,0.00068795047,0.000008658887,0.0000046760265,0.0000030295248,0.00002957886,0.0000069835437,0.0005158613],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998512,0.000018466902,0.0000056067756,0.000018663462,0.00007503007,0.000031053944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996153,0.00021097349,0.00008022839,0.000016563044,0.000042867137,0.00003398127],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021888518,0.00042782817,0.00029912885,0.00051356177,0.00030208536,0.00047309455,0.00023142391,0.0003633662,0.000740632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009270174,0.00023251607,0.00017860053,0.00019375,0.00059737207,0.00037999824,0.00058722496,0.0003747131,0.000083433246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00067692,0.00011222672,0.0055574705,0.00012598079,0.000020556072,0.0012740133,0.0001996499,0.07108181,0.90031165,0.0026967688,0.00013348051,0.01780949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015481262,0.00080251764,0.02758921,0.000018996343,0.000041047206,0.00053445715,0.00014215431,0.30783918,0.6604842,0.0012560069,0.0010818527,0.000055585242],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018490974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011285776,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018490974,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048548914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021741109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0036767125},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090206553","doi":"10.1103/physreve.89.041005","title":"Relative dispersion of a passive scalar plume in turbulent shear flow","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Richardson number; Physics; Scaling; Plume; Scalar (mathematics); Mean flow; Planar; Lambda; Planar laser-induced fluorescence; Mechanics; Geometry; Thermodynamics; Optics; Mathematics; Laser; Laser-induced fluorescence","score_opus":0.008085360343764121,"score_gpt":0.251535558441293,"score_spread":0.24345019809752888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2090206553","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.995274,0.00010529223,0.004068778,0.000022640685,0.0000036144309,0.0000057456937,0.000034564793,0.000018942002,0.00046647523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997726,0.00009613812,0.0018182809,0.000006997363,0.000004019037,0.0000054925185,0.00006106763,0.0000044997173,0.00027744967],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990404,0.000012288633,0.00000452906,0.000030463427,0.000033442506,0.000015190363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999731,0.00009834151,0.00006356245,0.000011329811,0.00006326353,0.000032508367],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027654073,0.00025466358,0.00021653248,0.0006046374,0.00030776067,0.0005464728,0.00021588229,0.00024056532,0.00019256395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006460291,0.00016690484,0.00014849713,0.0002987925,0.000501062,0.00052744296,0.00037879084,0.00028303073,0.000045929126],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036253093,0.00004351114,0.0055811657,0.00005381883,0.000012142814,0.00017136862,0.00021485751,0.013376537,0.97347623,0.002563242,0.000053417632,0.004091148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00018021402,0.0014348143,0.05456887,0.000031628257,0.00006799659,0.00050723756,0.0003790965,0.30153215,0.6366052,0.0034103985,0.0011618821,0.00012047943],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019818395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000872297,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019818395,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005302853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027148315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003940642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091252158","doi":"10.2514/1.21955","title":"Wall Effects on Vibration-Induced Particle Motion in a Fluid Cell in Space","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIAA Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Vibration; Space (punctuation); Mechanics; Motion (physics); Particle (ecology); Classical mechanics; Particle-in-cell; Acoustics; Computer science; Geology; Plasma","score_opus":0.007681166081548135,"score_gpt":0.22256726965127138,"score_spread":0.21488610356972324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091252158","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762066,0.00023111708,0.016445247,0.00020251691,0.00012663181,0.000018124496,0.000031828662,0.00011706927,0.0066207633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983689,0.000056576464,0.0005112342,0.000017904511,0.000015837984,0.000004523029,0.0000151789945,0.00003357118,0.0009763084],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985135,0.00004162351,0.0000053890594,0.000020032889,0.00003781012,0.0000437958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993337,0.00037203627,0.0000659009,0.00003927489,0.000066212735,0.00012288823],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025683106,0.00036645454,0.00045256104,0.00046007909,0.0005904436,0.00074884034,0.00038840141,0.0006150324,0.004177282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015808805,0.00024359189,0.00024961826,0.00025881798,0.0012021563,0.0005341053,0.0008134018,0.00071686675,0.00041664857],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0032663315,0.0005423738,0.009127333,0.00040658738,0.00009184753,0.003738944,0.0012867621,0.2861809,0.6147376,0.039580572,0.0023090346,0.03873168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001537003,0.0005684442,0.016243948,0.000029133538,0.000054183958,0.00033615285,0.0004017684,0.9190733,0.057666086,0.0046103518,0.0007604716,0.00010245006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000916377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004239668,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004177282,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024828856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022385988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013974369},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091723980","doi":"10.2495/cmem-v1-n1-55-71","title":"A simplified approach for modelling airborne nanoparticules transport and diffusion","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Diffusion; Particle (ecology); Turbulence; Settling; Computational fluid dynamics; Nanoparticle; Mechanics; Turbulent diffusion; Deposition (geology); Environmental science; Materials science; Physics; Simulation; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Environmental engineering; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.07909757509983598,"score_gpt":0.364834696224067,"score_spread":0.285737121124231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091723980","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.016573042,0.0013919394,0.9674511,0.0003331525,0.00021212682,0.0001891738,0.0006118774,0.00049096975,0.012746742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.42799366,0.0073555196,0.4915627,0.00051969266,0.00034694222,0.0013117046,0.0014983393,0.0003420308,0.06906936],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996617,0.00005095206,0.000023088298,0.00008162043,0.00014540355,0.000037207607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998006,0.00005669754,0.00003306249,0.000027245162,0.000067990346,0.000014516237],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022749366,0.0012678662,0.0012291283,0.0008029623,0.0005187545,0.0011106969,0.0018980108,0.0022632333,0.002731237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054669863,0.00068615476,0.0019958168,0.0004998456,0.0003989563,0.0010357023,0.00093795557,0.0010773661,0.0011666256],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000035894456,0.000054293738,0.00057145127,0.00025432033,0.000048982616,0.0005449946,0.000129598,0.89340085,0.046140634,0.03584546,0.0017025162,0.021270989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009047177,0.000035238878,0.00024201491,0.000012655811,0.000022368667,0.00012632918,0.0000107083015,0.9880116,0.0015940922,0.0028444973,0.0070708985,0.0000204192],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012956718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005816487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012956718,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010527911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001290576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.025762558},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091754583","doi":"10.1006/jcis.2002.8551","title":"PEO Flocculation with Phenolic Microparticles","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Microparticle; Flocculation; Polystyrene; Ethylene oxide; Composite number; Chemical engineering; Adsorption; Colloid; Chemistry; Polymer chemistry; Materials science; Polymer; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Copolymer","score_opus":0.007081119242030372,"score_gpt":0.1973092268079834,"score_spread":0.19022810756595304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091754583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99826956,0.00030158783,0.0006682056,0.00002406655,0.000020181667,0.000014551873,0.000024991532,0.000014716794,0.00066209224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973477,0.00022155987,0.0009215489,0.000022288452,0.000017334607,0.000009520637,0.000041768813,0.000010399688,0.0014078389],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990904,0.000011012848,0.000005601141,0.000019204273,0.00001533037,0.000039746246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998988,0.000026011428,0.000027167738,0.000010067452,0.000014019459,0.000023932473],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001809004,0.00029362692,0.0002307693,0.00020821557,0.0002083985,0.00023960164,0.0001244085,0.00027514662,0.00082154945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026034625,0.000119826655,0.00025045118,0.00011501582,0.00014532877,0.00031257767,0.00016893247,0.00029235036,0.00023605612],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017838163,0.00003877662,0.0000800547,0.000034656394,0.000007615011,0.00004425482,0.000023403354,0.00017665452,0.9975986,0.000065097534,0.000029662218,0.0017229583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011715017,0.00031607645,0.00082162523,0.0000037763682,0.000010150111,0.00003054956,0.000007672893,0.00058436877,0.9977881,0.00001669436,0.00040622716,0.0000032165826],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005672746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005053691,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00082154945,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021072807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001200087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0027483702},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091794291","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200012)17:4<180::aid-ppsc180>3.0.co;2-c","title":"An Improved Method to Determine Particle Dispersion Width for Efficient Modeling of Turbulent Two-Phase Flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Sauter mean diameter; Mechanics; Dispersion (optics); Lagrangian particle tracking; Mean flow; Flow (mathematics); Large eddy simulation; Eulerian path; Jet (fluid); Computational fluid dynamics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Applied mathematics; Lagrangian; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.020224310583426813,"score_gpt":0.2896471083901403,"score_spread":0.26942279780671347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2091794291","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007085125,0.000026929903,0.9924516,0.000009665233,0.000005933807,0.000010714612,0.000010820709,0.00013455952,0.0002646671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.32161227,0.00013310731,0.6762466,0.000021310558,0.00001918251,0.00022452703,0.00012046156,0.00016461313,0.0014579487],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966395,0.00007361926,0.0000209985,0.000039152023,0.00018060567,0.000021625183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946326,0.00021330439,0.000056933244,0.000092487775,0.000156932,0.000017033693],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007765552,0.0005609318,0.0005107608,0.0005666534,0.00032871525,0.0004382346,0.0011030298,0.00065104483,0.0007065561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016526458,0.0003524564,0.0006255723,0.0003997337,0.00034177548,0.0009933913,0.0006127096,0.00072323263,0.000297144],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043395576,0.00006137783,0.0014830916,0.00006920402,0.000033680226,0.000099613884,0.00008191741,0.8479768,0.041482255,0.028777905,0.0004509804,0.079439715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035508715,0.000007952699,0.00010158236,0.0000015896102,0.0000021453404,0.000013468819,0.0000016908166,0.99630237,0.002278236,0.000868863,0.0004133817,0.0000052130113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002048158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012700562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002048158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000376097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072240084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0041068792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092087261","doi":"10.2514/1.9259","title":"Compressible Subsonic Particle-Laden Flow over a Square Cylinder","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Propulsion and Power","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Compressible flow; Flow (mathematics); Square (algebra); Compressibility; Mach number; Particle (ecology); Cylinder; Physics; Materials science; Geology; Engineering; Geometry; Mechanical engineering; Mathematics","score_opus":0.009545216639869864,"score_gpt":0.23599154600376057,"score_spread":0.2264463293638907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092087261","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99090487,0.00011816044,0.0037439351,0.0001559807,0.000025432912,0.00003414737,0.00021418836,0.00011672559,0.0046866317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976878,0.000049132286,0.001145173,0.00002060927,0.0000058412534,0.000017996825,0.0002051046,0.000016850146,0.00085160974],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998449,0.000026140378,0.000009388244,0.00001823014,0.000046580135,0.00005472055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990533,0.00055178587,0.000076355216,0.000044037493,0.00012493406,0.00014962905],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002752022,0.000547864,0.000781765,0.00055528915,0.00085140456,0.00078414194,0.0005441736,0.0010185402,0.0019348778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016206893,0.0002112596,0.00037174727,0.0006941748,0.0012350178,0.00049027544,0.00054949755,0.0005677693,0.00014507346],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00032612367,0.00011917607,0.0026783347,0.000044012253,0.000022970591,0.00032644634,0.000092885515,0.9898039,0.003048518,0.0014710604,0.00027855096,0.0017879787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027878661,0.00007188921,0.00070771977,0.000003951751,0.0000045563866,0.000015377542,0.000047113783,0.99777764,0.00094441185,0.0002489485,0.00014405561,0.0000063749167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018019415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007872858,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018019415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007900752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00077195757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.035829067},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092641679","doi":"10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000283","title":"Effect of Particle Size on the Characteristics of Sand Jets in Water","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence kinetic energy; Turbulence; Dissipation; Mechanics; Kinetic energy; Particle size; Particle (ecology); Particle-size distribution; Large eddy simulation; Computational fluid dynamics; Materials science; Physics; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.009396223162043287,"score_gpt":0.1916860060109703,"score_spread":0.18228978284892702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2092641679","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980952,0.00020633315,0.0009775984,0.000021449596,0.000013971155,0.000012450994,0.000058521633,0.000027806378,0.0005866818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99910164,0.00015802014,0.00043721477,0.000009953178,0.000004057822,0.000006281223,0.00006505073,0.000011240684,0.00020664267],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980634,0.000018965615,0.000017986533,0.00004322187,0.000070748145,0.000042729156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998844,0.000715511,0.00016906661,0.000045705463,0.00014749839,0.00007812251],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023867933,0.0002410245,0.00029304827,0.00029330823,0.00023980436,0.0005715766,0.00014635173,0.00022672342,0.0006115664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012613384,0.00020473343,0.00026450225,0.00020008403,0.00031009418,0.00038305615,0.00022024529,0.00028411136,0.00010824323],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00057859137,0.000120267556,0.00953855,0.00011628929,0.00002631575,0.00035844176,0.000088915585,0.011132414,0.96973956,0.00014237412,0.00012400672,0.008034206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004404898,0.00092197984,0.048270065,0.0000099475865,0.00005666858,0.0001208282,0.00012225972,0.031750653,0.9179608,0.00011444977,0.0005889592,0.000039225793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018382417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016033051,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018382417,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003289629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024239825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0036551356},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093732737","doi":"10.1115/imece2002-32090","title":"An Efficient CFD Model for Air/Particle Saltating Flows","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Air entrainment; Generality; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.025117548158082887,"score_gpt":0.24376288993015885,"score_spread":0.21864534177207595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093732737","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.032828208,0.00033781977,0.95183194,0.0002898465,0.00012845434,0.0001460633,0.00046485825,0.0005267763,0.013446029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7174235,0.0008490689,0.2502203,0.00020381938,0.00013834726,0.00078274857,0.001050234,0.00038538242,0.028946552],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999785,0.000045498386,0.000015058949,0.000037671132,0.000087670494,0.000029142439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980325,0.000072200564,0.000020405056,0.00002426937,0.000057301066,0.000022562721],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032715296,0.00075483683,0.0009175429,0.00048034187,0.00078064005,0.0012255843,0.0013313276,0.0015365535,0.0032423246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009186539,0.00039986326,0.00068803143,0.0004742269,0.0007967504,0.000961228,0.001048313,0.0008114119,0.0008437081],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000018559871,0.000015429374,0.0002761611,0.000019657158,0.0000047078483,0.000083994484,0.000028931128,0.97813046,0.0022744078,0.015217592,0.00037451446,0.0035555689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000042482047,0.00000343078,0.000032746244,0.0000016009541,0.0000012568308,0.000010098713,0.0000026202576,0.9971629,0.00030821492,0.0013235309,0.0011467224,0.0000027250553],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010830044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0037424997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010830044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009506716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015835817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.021534026},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093864054","doi":"10.1615/multscientechn.v18.i2.20","title":"SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO CLOSURE RELATIONS FOR DISPERSE PARTICLE FLOWS: INTER-PHASE FORCE","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Multiphase Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Closure (psychology); Momentum (technical analysis); Particle (ecology); Classical mechanics; Relation (database); Phase (matter); Mechanics; Closure problem; Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Geology; Law","score_opus":0.009563908305568478,"score_gpt":0.2535282039246844,"score_spread":0.24396429561911592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2093864054","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005541352,0.00070401287,0.9889719,0.00027413282,0.00007993172,0.000037461923,0.00003776179,0.000047452013,0.0043060225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.33410794,0.0035077094,0.65399915,0.00039584757,0.00063014583,0.00041705064,0.0002557564,0.00034734537,0.0063390606],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983328,0.0005570701,0.00013392408,0.00021199742,0.00067473337,0.00008944337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972351,0.0013546695,0.00024410822,0.0004785454,0.0005503514,0.0001373529],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004235103,0.0008922241,0.0011803646,0.0025025096,0.0012609151,0.0018587417,0.0016334723,0.0011043388,0.001751923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007369383,0.00044340335,0.0018641675,0.0008606804,0.0036814776,0.0052842405,0.0029018193,0.0032261193,0.00053229596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000035497776,0.000015746013,0.00008076869,0.000040933606,0.0000057507855,0.00004883466,0.00012678627,0.0061660726,0.0010127199,0.986463,0.0003264522,0.005709427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000060937227,0.000020899812,0.00010201081,0.00003347724,0.000007269496,0.00009550421,0.000029101428,0.113818444,0.0009738712,0.8781681,0.0067259977,0.00001918054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006876611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006625594,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004235103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012174834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014777586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022397637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094915360","doi":"10.1111/1467-9590.00154","title":"Modeling Sediment Deposition Patterns Arising From Suddenly Released Fixed‐Volume Turbulent Suspensions","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Applied Mathematics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Settling; Suspension (topology); Volume (thermodynamics); Entrainment (biomusicology); Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Eddy; Volume of fluid method; Geology; Chemistry; Materials science; Physics; Sediment; Thermodynamics; Flow (mathematics); Mathematics","score_opus":0.02829502336485938,"score_gpt":0.2608087817071185,"score_spread":0.23251375834225912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094915360","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9575501,0.00017630053,0.039520923,0.00011208908,0.00006503994,0.000046823996,0.00014452162,0.00019487053,0.002189261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99519783,0.000085829204,0.003592401,0.000015566515,0.000013977254,0.000018311128,0.00008745245,0.000023711236,0.0009649066],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998703,0.000022510072,0.0000104708515,0.000028343757,0.000031650157,0.000036689624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996669,0.00012554377,0.000082765175,0.000023557523,0.000038682498,0.0000624453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021304777,0.0006595266,0.0003948518,0.00060357415,0.00039788333,0.0011190089,0.0010249555,0.0014066376,0.0004440611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009521224,0.0005086753,0.00081426266,0.00039561986,0.0007338029,0.00050601264,0.0006329281,0.0006854825,0.00009809509],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011249557,0.000043659908,0.0033491433,0.000034209494,0.00003921487,0.00059976097,0.00007375521,0.97952855,0.012986832,0.00141645,0.0001372672,0.0016786347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015215045,0.000028276227,0.00093859376,0.0000023738044,0.0000065207664,0.000032714182,0.000019809426,0.99771833,0.00093164487,0.0002350489,0.00006362018,0.000007819041],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0055040517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003144517,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0055040517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010019754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049378333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010944009},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094981671","doi":"10.1007/s00220-004-1051-5","title":"On the Boltzmann Equation for Diffusively Excited Granular Media","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Pointwise; Boltzmann equation; Bounded function; Uniqueness; Moment (physics); Distribution function; Physics; Hard spheres; Mathematical analysis; Distribution (mathematics); Mathematics; Statistical physics; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.07185065301416287,"score_gpt":0.29263980359661534,"score_spread":0.22078915058245246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2094981671","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.26447412,0.01347107,0.5677186,0.015947696,0.0043334938,0.00013984539,0.0005400204,0.00029297383,0.13308214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9258972,0.004092508,0.01907725,0.0013332885,0.0012098146,0.00008037094,0.0003905739,0.0002541092,0.047664914],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995946,0.000111382724,0.000025420048,0.000048912887,0.00014305944,0.00007662577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99884546,0.0006168514,0.00012103306,0.00006542795,0.00018848112,0.00016274452],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009505697,0.00080634514,0.0013377526,0.0012300524,0.0008780709,0.0026560023,0.0013229809,0.002112987,0.0038184386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004818763,0.0005550121,0.0007446465,0.0008946685,0.0030322585,0.004273687,0.002972509,0.0030539683,0.00049760373],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000082140425,0.000039689694,0.00040173036,0.000099204415,0.0000251545,0.00022693243,0.00015609084,0.06994133,0.0022393882,0.9213833,0.0020328623,0.0033722392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003519157,0.000009844145,0.00032881548,0.000026653695,0.000010065135,0.00008205125,0.000049827722,0.48602203,0.00036845892,0.5112542,0.0017742292,0.000038657345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0066897073,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0032388913,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0066897073,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018148135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001200432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013301492},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095545329","doi":"10.1361/105996306x147126","title":"Simulation of Particle-Shock Interaction in a High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Process","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Mechanics; Shock (circulatory); Bow shock (aerodynamics); Nozzle; Particle (ecology); Substrate (aquarium); Particle velocity; Flow (mathematics); Shock wave; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.008447836866682717,"score_gpt":0.2510506869845867,"score_spread":0.242602850117904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2095545329","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855435,0.00008069586,0.00568748,0.00031465583,0.000065061955,0.00005108535,0.00010538444,0.00016412968,0.007988019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99743396,0.000028425775,0.0011743404,0.00003236279,0.00000791195,0.0000145916165,0.00005579601,0.000021423572,0.0012311783],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981004,0.000036968173,0.0000074411773,0.000020939073,0.000051562678,0.00007302476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989465,0.0006620728,0.000066768174,0.0000345299,0.00009962216,0.00019049567],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035161755,0.00070666417,0.0011159489,0.0006734443,0.0014917161,0.001339679,0.0011133151,0.0027631682,0.0041255336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015409867,0.000628247,0.00069488666,0.00053862977,0.0013550125,0.000824164,0.0009069662,0.0012189745,0.00022233324],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039655427,0.000264632,0.0024886075,0.000026406564,0.00003853405,0.00037917122,0.00006980916,0.9908023,0.0027839814,0.0012535423,0.00021234395,0.00128409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006019003,0.00006346212,0.00049604167,0.0000013220538,0.000004946856,0.000011990273,0.000026224354,0.99849474,0.00065485336,0.00011527178,0.000065452405,0.000005562812],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025595576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009859273,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025595576,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014575211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014549735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.050893188},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098363861","doi":"10.1260/1756-8277.2.2.103","title":"Evaluation of StereoPIV Measurement of Droplet Velocity in an Effervescent Spray","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Shadowgraph; Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Spray characteristics; Velocimetry; Mechanics; Optics; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Tracking (education); Thermal velocity; Observational error; Physics; Flow velocity; Spray nozzle; Flow (mathematics); Nozzle; Turbulence; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.02358921603287373,"score_gpt":0.2781937731150721,"score_spread":0.25460455708219837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098363861","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96177053,0.00039846334,0.036606606,0.000032395936,0.000036164205,0.000056566634,0.000080059224,0.00013999602,0.00087931246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97470903,0.00034198942,0.024160465,0.000021180998,0.000009164644,0.000028500192,0.00010168799,0.000029225846,0.0005987368],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925023,0.000096522,0.00003335813,0.000105320134,0.0004649371,0.000049628157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987436,0.0005064159,0.00021080098,0.000081746424,0.0003952134,0.000062280094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009269141,0.00030569002,0.0002830685,0.00048332888,0.00017373305,0.000273634,0.00039198087,0.00038684555,0.00042146462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003248802,0.0001743665,0.00016588243,0.00025301665,0.00025516134,0.00050764094,0.00026449267,0.00029525845,0.00008827093],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012661457,0.000041531217,0.0027212459,0.000044854336,0.000007129412,0.000074511554,0.00007673617,0.0009888919,0.9812424,0.00015567799,0.000046649046,0.014473765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013734028,0.0007337893,0.013178451,0.000007350258,0.000017408342,0.00012278678,0.0000651407,0.026520055,0.958869,0.00006103585,0.0003943579,0.000016937585],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013913561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012012841,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013913561,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036922496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003910726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004902065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098584510","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.2013.07.0239","title":"An Overview of Airborne Nanoparticle Filtration and Thermal Rebound Theory","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nanoparticle; Filtration (mathematics); Thermal; Brownian motion; Adhesion; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.12446070592948567,"score_gpt":0.39964008440857807,"score_spread":0.2751793784790924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2098584510","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016692019,0.9691449,0.019255007,0.00060402445,0.0006044644,0.000021854668,0.00004845564,0.000043980566,0.008608103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.017244238,0.96697336,0.0090478575,0.00058473373,0.0014219442,0.00006639131,0.0001242369,0.00002691253,0.0045103724],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941814,0.00010234775,0.000051511117,0.00014642921,0.00021751512,0.000064095555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994956,0.00027005892,0.000054559045,0.000020106729,0.00013825567,0.000021459504],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00075015635,0.0011602499,0.0020041964,0.0035374477,0.000705044,0.0017735368,0.0013886715,0.0023193273,0.002732388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00070549705,0.00073537836,0.0011781506,0.0027034406,0.0009212962,0.0029965292,0.0012153955,0.0017345845,0.0014019755],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019048597,0.0003619428,0.0016096529,0.02958745,0.00026144582,0.0011662312,0.0006320002,0.01649493,0.021143548,0.2544766,0.027194887,0.6468808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016095308,0.00042003058,0.0022063877,0.0038802605,0.00018333177,0.0022564833,0.00027210277,0.013471643,0.010685081,0.09849715,0.86793953,0.00017184757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016830122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00091681106,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0035374477,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014212778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011654533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01031208},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100474736","doi":"10.1109/ias.1996.563854","title":"Particle trajectories and collection efficiency of submicron particles on a charged spherical collector","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Charged particle; Drag; Particle (ecology); Limiting; Mechanics; Trajectory; Physics; Falling (accident); Gravitation; Classical mechanics; Computational physics; Ion; Engineering","score_opus":0.014407383199075969,"score_gpt":0.1982964139523035,"score_spread":0.18388903075322752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2100474736","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6820968,0.00017073497,0.31388786,0.00009111806,0.000026280572,0.000068720125,0.00007475066,0.0002707394,0.0033130588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9426027,0.00014187217,0.056123603,0.000015048279,0.000005688584,0.000037014088,0.00007578113,0.000042367385,0.0009559314],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998841,0.000020308915,0.000005817431,0.000019411124,0.0000505749,0.000019739944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994025,0.00033494356,0.000061326784,0.000054209962,0.00010243696,0.000044454577],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00056187896,0.00022924755,0.00034622077,0.00038248565,0.00054660824,0.0006540256,0.00048578193,0.00050783064,0.0005209533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001736202,0.00017706632,0.00039505906,0.00038353776,0.0005291473,0.0006260149,0.00034983642,0.0002990858,0.00014191183],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000920542,0.000027592989,0.0029385136,0.000027773514,0.000016603188,0.00012424018,0.00016743377,0.96467483,0.013902607,0.006299864,0.00012651394,0.011601842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000715733,0.000016743475,0.00029920507,0.00000194959,0.0000027401536,0.000019198611,0.000015743251,0.99330914,0.0057346215,0.00040207803,0.0001865012,0.000004869345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00925334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003591747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00925334,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011561156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010639197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018399},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105521207","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390011","title":"A Predictive Model for the Initial Droplet Size and Velocity Distributions in Sprays and Comparison with Experiments","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Breakup; Nozzle; Mechanics; Instability; Wavelength; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.028557588309216734,"score_gpt":0.2696469842539596,"score_spread":0.24108939594474288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2105521207","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6133925,0.00027685,0.38016158,0.0002134719,0.000029828627,0.0001807612,0.00043158818,0.0007486865,0.0045648054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99233764,0.00007680514,0.0068038157,0.00001216021,0.000005277756,0.00009470088,0.000115801995,0.000020115309,0.0005335741],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998585,0.00002587253,0.0000064635688,0.0000308337,0.00006268744,0.000015678377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943787,0.00031222022,0.000054121632,0.000055831595,0.00012576362,0.000014121689],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000722887,0.00039763172,0.00040979162,0.000360719,0.00023545236,0.00036611932,0.0007853414,0.0006974885,0.0007715468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017332244,0.00023611578,0.00043323234,0.00022818618,0.0005102635,0.0006320492,0.00024871007,0.00048826978,0.00012587986],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021759248,0.000020084652,0.0007372623,0.00001463541,0.0000047119734,0.00002577676,0.000013806955,0.99029714,0.005641961,0.0007570365,0.00007521205,0.0023907376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000023407083,0.0000095822525,0.00022168273,8.016788e-7,8.962157e-7,0.0000022852475,0.0000013329707,0.9987405,0.00083288946,0.00016401464,0.000021688526,0.0000020438617],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006586289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001901253,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006586289,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007679632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059425394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013095915},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105665788","doi":"10.1006/jcph.2001.6858","title":"Algorithms for Particle-Field Simulations with Collisions","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Collision; Scaling; Particle (ecology); Statistical physics; Field (mathematics); Molecular dynamics; Algorithm; Particle number; Computer science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry; Quantum mechanics; Plasma","score_opus":0.02409249932348427,"score_gpt":0.2847998991726274,"score_spread":0.2607073998491431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2105665788","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0072524673,0.00030696436,0.98611414,0.00020939318,0.00016584598,0.00012426265,0.00013186024,0.0014114475,0.004283653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.12861772,0.0003812167,0.86281496,0.0001588328,0.00016761661,0.0006955574,0.0005262388,0.0011020324,0.005535861],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99909866,0.0002782442,0.00007451469,0.000111731846,0.00034630956,0.00009051756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965056,0.0017856973,0.00018132686,0.0006640351,0.0006535943,0.00020982554],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017330865,0.001316951,0.0016246453,0.0011661807,0.0025411195,0.0019688462,0.005015017,0.002938748,0.009191436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.010314286,0.0014487298,0.0012189877,0.0019124099,0.001508723,0.0029406394,0.0034534382,0.0029842204,0.0033183675],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018996747,0.00015561249,0.0007945207,0.00015164936,0.00010744704,0.00008273657,0.00014373135,0.7946311,0.0015079568,0.11761146,0.004928892,0.07969486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004521097,0.00000709192,0.00004381149,0.0000063416664,0.000005710372,0.000010506919,0.000008503035,0.9714891,0.0005058135,0.02611219,0.0017574531,0.000008422434],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007304866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006470806,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009191436,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013508963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001953852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.030748367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106602701","doi":"10.1002/cjce.21952","title":"Comparison between numerical results and PIV experimental data for gas–solid flow in ducts","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina","keywords":"Turbulence; Inviscid flow; Mechanics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Particle image velocimetry; Drag; Computational fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Drag coefficient; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.03173836921929568,"score_gpt":0.26802558499256574,"score_spread":0.23628721577327005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2106602701","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9533958,0.00069641473,0.035864227,0.00010735663,0.000057979658,0.000048787,0.00063956634,0.00083018484,0.0083596725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925728,0.000204019,0.0064512617,0.0000072172393,0.0000058692867,0.000023514387,0.000277907,0.000035220724,0.00042205965],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995338,0.0000664431,0.00005936437,0.00006550738,0.0002003278,0.000074676784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989567,0.0004701216,0.000072300325,0.00012964247,0.00033377332,0.00003749339],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007521255,0.00030674596,0.00041145174,0.0008873246,0.00048073466,0.00065185974,0.0005838408,0.0004472327,0.001989114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002552789,0.00017398834,0.00022289528,0.0008954522,0.0008389645,0.00050101284,0.00029253244,0.00023513784,0.00038188722],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0014259178,0.00058648223,0.03018325,0.0012661325,0.000046740803,0.000697884,0.0009946597,0.44299465,0.44075012,0.006812194,0.0018217125,0.072420165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007786714,0.00032119508,0.029338771,0.00006828843,0.000022969021,0.00027227256,0.00035733072,0.57865846,0.38548633,0.0009961112,0.0043213814,0.00007898528],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020730451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001299584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020730451,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006975616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004958639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0066542625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115782918","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2010.540048","title":"Langrangian Stochastic Particle Tracking","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Tracking (education); Lagrangian; Environmental science; Aerosol; Physics; Mathematics; Meteorology; Applied mathematics; Geology; Psychology","score_opus":0.006508328225933104,"score_gpt":0.22180635726987524,"score_spread":0.21529802904394213,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2115782918","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011076303,0.000696283,0.97453827,0.0008261255,0.00040443725,0.00005675076,0.00027971342,0.0010062403,0.011115764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4636277,0.0010168151,0.48246658,0.00082633854,0.0006188332,0.00042744225,0.0012962057,0.00046506108,0.049254976],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937207,0.0001953729,0.000023702869,0.00013908249,0.00021576512,0.000054085926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998145,0.0009172503,0.0001490011,0.0003255396,0.00037375907,0.00008951016],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019389292,0.00054859347,0.0008787036,0.00080487586,0.000851654,0.0014028817,0.0013675517,0.0015647962,0.0043598996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008276805,0.00043476414,0.000575289,0.0008416084,0.000918425,0.0013399541,0.0018829035,0.0016861919,0.0021826823],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034124873,0.00006360963,0.0026017632,0.00014463138,0.00010077226,0.00017367207,0.00012705491,0.61260366,0.0039819865,0.22508858,0.016306506,0.13846654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008766308,0.0000066391153,0.00012752367,0.0000054844654,0.0000027348458,0.000016520591,0.0000018657569,0.98754066,0.00035740997,0.009870373,0.0020552082,0.0000067556844],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008523468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008528442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008523468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014593703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001516249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016947687},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118269633","doi":"10.1002/cjce.20303","title":"Direct meso‐scale simulations of fibres in turbulent liquid flow","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Materials science; Isotropy; Direct numerical simulation; Inertial frame of reference; Flow (mathematics); Shear flow; Classical mechanics; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.005247347141227244,"score_gpt":0.19000917052402652,"score_spread":0.18476182338279928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2118269633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8302981,0.0003234658,0.14240582,0.00038834682,0.00011163645,0.00026290838,0.0003799194,0.00061829266,0.02521149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742174,0.00009362908,0.02309189,0.000061570514,0.000019844136,0.00023174769,0.00012153235,0.000089704765,0.0020726246],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998739,0.000029949873,0.000005391196,0.0000151385075,0.000046864967,0.00002882062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955755,0.00022459969,0.000041134812,0.000056144465,0.000058804166,0.00006170875],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003302412,0.00041092923,0.000653048,0.0003145597,0.0005492022,0.00075988926,0.0011462949,0.001099333,0.0020600765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012121727,0.00042014866,0.0004695108,0.00023435133,0.0009944362,0.000543385,0.00091103255,0.00080338283,0.00023050408],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000089706424,0.00012524168,0.0009041293,0.000057213096,0.000029505909,0.000122014564,0.00010330858,0.9782219,0.010695886,0.006768865,0.00028875764,0.0025933634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000291871,0.000018244365,0.00015625896,0.0000030154968,0.0000020156892,0.000007672559,0.0000073479127,0.9980034,0.0009001036,0.00063891726,0.0002294242,0.0000043862665],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059691807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035407334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0059691807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010221398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008909366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0118688345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120878835","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/530/1/012023","title":"Experimental research on coarse water formation in steam condensing flow on a transition through the shock wave","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Transonic; Shock wave; Nozzle; Mechanics; Shock (circulatory); Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Condensation; Steam turbine; Shock tube; Turbine; Thermodynamics; Physics; Aerodynamics","score_opus":0.07848746552072226,"score_gpt":0.309343074193497,"score_spread":0.23085560867277471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2120878835","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99703205,0.000101296755,0.0019392866,0.000014298291,0.0000061403885,0.000018675966,0.00006167105,0.00003237543,0.00079414883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981913,0.00009603548,0.0010673326,0.000005695731,0.000005097646,0.000008187731,0.00007356655,0.000008679082,0.0005440464],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998018,0.00001939058,0.0000073947585,0.000036777557,0.00007992115,0.000054623823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999726,0.000097556556,0.00004007281,0.000034597866,0.00006556793,0.00003625791],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025464394,0.00018703722,0.00029960118,0.00028257992,0.00048532998,0.00024184768,0.00023055178,0.00025324617,0.0033290475],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004345547,0.00014496145,0.0001964818,0.00024294615,0.0006238406,0.00044368475,0.00032532198,0.0005753524,0.0001593568],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015361034,0.00006806895,0.0012514322,0.00004632877,0.000004506862,0.000099456,0.00015493402,0.0004775516,0.9959061,0.00028703664,0.000023533872,0.0015274636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018873636,0.00063223887,0.0059600393,0.0000041337207,0.000008893551,0.00007693671,0.00010194606,0.0028463139,0.98974013,0.00011277622,0.0004911969,0.0000065294935],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009947361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00061344734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033290475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001933335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017122296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01113677},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121341353","doi":"10.1175/jas3493.1","title":"Collision Rates of Cloud Droplets in Turbulent Flow","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Collision; Dissipation; Physics; Collision frequency; Turbulence kinetic energy; Classical mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Plasma","score_opus":0.013037126127510684,"score_gpt":0.25227752441125384,"score_spread":0.23924039828374316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2121341353","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99262977,0.000094904,0.006370441,0.00003264158,0.0000088146935,0.000018122315,0.000048599974,0.00004569387,0.00075103494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988054,0.000029404557,0.0009172228,0.000004174548,0.0000015231776,0.000005733115,0.00005646533,0.000009453463,0.00017045088],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970716,0.00003177709,0.000016048836,0.00005219995,0.000101873826,0.000090842586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989668,0.0005401498,0.0001775761,0.00005709849,0.00014141097,0.00011698231],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005921047,0.0002701807,0.00050238194,0.00058331626,0.00067445624,0.0008639482,0.0004971533,0.0003611152,0.0008268743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0033063658,0.00026215182,0.00036766368,0.0005454997,0.00074802263,0.00083662354,0.0006108138,0.0003885007,0.00009534715],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035058404,0.000101521124,0.022894334,0.00007127606,0.000064572,0.00047928165,0.00026871357,0.92715394,0.031893034,0.010177399,0.0002541379,0.006291201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005996389,0.00008240735,0.0045006755,0.000005357827,0.000013638025,0.00006896459,0.000052203115,0.9820672,0.011981307,0.0008650981,0.00027597544,0.000027273823],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0077103716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023421103,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0077103716,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013069815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006553131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01533097},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122451080","doi":"10.1002/cjce.21812","title":"Turbulence effects on the granular model of particle motion in a boundary layer flow","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); K-epsilon turbulence model; Boundary layer; Particulates; K-omega turbulence model; Turbulence kinetic energy; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Particle-laden flows; Turbulence modeling; Stokes number; Two-phase flow; Particle velocity; Classical mechanics; Materials science; Geology; Chemistry; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.008397069789732628,"score_gpt":0.1732308395935588,"score_spread":0.1648337698038262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122451080","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91129744,0.00036126544,0.077881664,0.00046315326,0.00021888588,0.00006545562,0.00008270138,0.00022922753,0.009400224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99758244,0.00006390027,0.0015019693,0.00001975728,0.0000110293195,0.0000127947715,0.000023946264,0.000013596746,0.00077061786],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99974555,0.00007904029,0.000015510866,0.000027120604,0.00007461201,0.00005813361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945325,0.00024076863,0.00009218701,0.00004627477,0.00007746514,0.00009003939],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005623386,0.0006793141,0.00074366323,0.00050285505,0.00076615036,0.0019254468,0.00077219045,0.0010550388,0.0006821156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017119511,0.00040297225,0.00074425625,0.00034756112,0.001503084,0.00085627014,0.0008498204,0.00075624004,0.0001384805],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015703985,0.000047112226,0.00093129365,0.000018449498,0.0000136126855,0.00014012402,0.00003335565,0.9858375,0.004305012,0.0074636373,0.00009607585,0.00095671124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020624777,0.00002447567,0.00023403576,0.0000025743489,0.000004012272,0.000003982381,0.00000414185,0.9989737,0.00032595595,0.00036176076,0.000040299332,0.000004504704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025673185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046942197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025673185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015963886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091970357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.051047504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2122679239","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780104","title":"Testing a mathematical model for initial chemical reaction fouling using a dilute protein solution","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fouling; Heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Materials science; Physics; Membrane","score_opus":0.0353920991242404,"score_gpt":0.2347523197326566,"score_spread":0.19936022060841618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2122679239","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.70601547,0.0002493842,0.29043803,0.0003774698,0.00006102663,0.00016653606,0.0001649436,0.00022774962,0.0022994077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9594177,0.00022942474,0.0382074,0.000053225034,0.0000128195525,0.00020181964,0.00016197003,0.000032944554,0.0016826913],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953294,0.00011382758,0.00003534503,0.00008858308,0.00017311204,0.00005616793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852943,0.0010556598,0.0001220622,0.00006539166,0.00020470208,0.000022750079],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001547472,0.0007875102,0.0007594248,0.00044110743,0.0003145555,0.0007897938,0.0009104208,0.0012121814,0.00052703917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004005531,0.00032343925,0.001051726,0.00025303088,0.0005141488,0.0008532429,0.00044094492,0.0007720388,0.00018733904],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007560958,0.00009382828,0.000654805,0.00009342692,0.000017484943,0.000056113517,0.000035962483,0.94903,0.045611367,0.0020831698,0.000054325294,0.0021938533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010577001,0.000065458094,0.00009918095,0.0000024492965,0.000003650374,0.0000072127227,0.0000038670087,0.98649883,0.013088553,0.00015272037,0.00006285883,0.0000046647783],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008026587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024210196,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008026587,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018240303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012192549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01595974},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123240604","doi":"10.2172/920456","title":"Growth and property development of convection pass deposits in recovery boilers : final project project.","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Emissivity; Boiler (water heating); Deposition (geology); Nuclear engineering; Particle deposition; Environmental science; Convection; Particulates; Range (aeronautics); Meteorology; Process engineering; Materials science; Waste management; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Optics; Geology","score_opus":0.047979354797716214,"score_gpt":0.2662581406684508,"score_spread":0.21827878587073463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2123240604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9309406,0.0003990592,0.060293805,0.00012919873,0.000018382178,0.0002887597,0.0010197922,0.001087463,0.0058230017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9451297,0.00020841301,0.043986626,0.000012219429,0.000003042747,0.00010473449,0.0015247392,0.00012034902,0.008910242],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998192,0.000021415943,0.000008347488,0.000027331209,0.00010135059,0.00002245425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953985,0.00006559519,0.00005058691,0.000058079317,0.0002456124,0.00004024395],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009236131,0.0003345582,0.00023345038,0.00043423625,0.00031047047,0.00034013332,0.00043572567,0.00030935835,0.0013859986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007970135,0.00020224298,0.0002692498,0.00028055126,0.00020707557,0.00045868047,0.00029341367,0.00024372291,0.00042819028],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069188746,0.00035707548,0.020110333,0.00025504702,0.00002744756,0.00024679233,0.00020517854,0.06483336,0.7944239,0.0014341644,0.0033137882,0.11410099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005567953,0.0006025876,0.020519376,0.000009100189,0.00002728556,0.00020569419,0.00006855417,0.09804116,0.87257046,0.00025953824,0.007623755,0.000016835913],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043109385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005359281,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0043109385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00053230237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006291176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008571684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129774450","doi":"10.2514/6.2006-8147","title":"An Accurate Experimental Method for Determining the Injectant Mass Fraction Distribution in a Supersonic Turbulent Flow Mixing Region","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Turbulence; Supersonic speed; Mechanics; Choked flow; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Fraction (chemistry); Distribution (mathematics); Physics; Mathematics; Chemistry; Mathematical analysis; Chromatography","score_opus":0.0195871583308384,"score_gpt":0.24841562746095938,"score_spread":0.22882846913012098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2129774450","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.24562646,0.00078047067,0.7432741,0.00021384915,0.00020050432,0.00033420243,0.00095107354,0.002549495,0.006069834],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7424317,0.0004441977,0.2528028,0.00014090541,0.000058012727,0.00037737997,0.0006377838,0.0002618648,0.002845411],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9985588,0.00012443011,0.00006311617,0.0002925398,0.0008959908,0.00006518158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99786454,0.0004368563,0.00028927962,0.00045715828,0.000899575,0.00005263774],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016053336,0.0008119046,0.00048038355,0.0008543167,0.0011973405,0.00079021644,0.0013046005,0.0008110119,0.0015235347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024101702,0.00054131175,0.00016115441,0.0005562733,0.000925604,0.001269986,0.00061803975,0.001022754,0.0007166875],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014226699,0.0000940792,0.0019820358,0.00006419322,0.000010884851,0.0000215658,0.00006991299,0.00068014977,0.9786274,0.0011531635,0.00023588074,0.016918566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017064318,0.0001280852,0.0022776967,0.0000055118794,0.000013611026,0.000066512745,0.000019977684,0.009012471,0.9862439,0.0001404395,0.0020579614,0.000016845148],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021003166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0039670304,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021003166,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000939357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010842945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008489907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136634055","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-12-0182.1","title":"A New Mechanism of Droplet Size Distribution Broadening during Diffusional Growth","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Coalescence (physics); Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Adiabatic process; Growth rate; Cloud physics; Materials science; Chemical physics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Cloud computing; Geometry","score_opus":0.004539053157319508,"score_gpt":0.18744574454336205,"score_spread":0.18290669138604254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2136634055","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6721601,0.0027235737,0.31280172,0.0010024868,0.00033100083,0.0003225005,0.00028336176,0.0010296663,0.009345643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98777044,0.00046461966,0.009312274,0.000063172694,0.00005368166,0.00006013706,0.00003992079,0.000031091084,0.0022046727],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998172,0.0000123972795,0.0000074183154,0.000046605197,0.00007984314,0.000036526453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962974,0.0001480571,0.000059767848,0.000048672537,0.00006519282,0.00004854802],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036606885,0.00032011754,0.0003464831,0.00069052697,0.0003596655,0.00045291212,0.00084449275,0.00043985868,0.0019710746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007792895,0.000325131,0.00038264267,0.00018894802,0.00051190035,0.0012664902,0.00075539947,0.0006322737,0.0002504753],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014031428,0.00009007783,0.0026893634,0.00019734114,0.000036342673,0.0008160976,0.00018535214,0.016053472,0.92378235,0.030840881,0.00044365568,0.024724765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001882494,0.00021874666,0.007134949,0.000024766909,0.000038120543,0.0012085472,0.000070752125,0.55282354,0.41868937,0.010636264,0.008880197,0.00008647758],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00078670395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003386067,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019710746,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00069434056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002186505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006593883},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138390793","doi":"10.1089/jam.2006.19.290","title":"Improving Prediction of Aerosol Deposition in an Idealized Mouth Using Large-Eddy Simulation","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Medicine","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Aerosol; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Deposition (geology); Large eddy simulation; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Dispersity; Computational fluid dynamics; Materials science; Turbulence; Meteorology; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.018021328355116082,"score_gpt":0.27258710001506686,"score_spread":0.25456577165995076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138390793","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6578708,0.00035116414,0.33791837,0.00014560422,0.00006941479,0.000080608,0.00016366555,0.00065488444,0.0027454775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9580527,0.00013160877,0.040974773,0.000022691293,0.0000119989945,0.000054181615,0.00007570945,0.000039732047,0.0006365645],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998542,0.000038935596,0.000012309778,0.000031481668,0.00003762125,0.000025374251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994772,0.0002792478,0.000059180977,0.00005214163,0.00007710944,0.00005514664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004987505,0.00053601933,0.00103514,0.00023414029,0.0003501365,0.00079238054,0.00057107396,0.0011317213,0.0005852403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001377179,0.0003867401,0.00061896996,0.00015121026,0.00046592095,0.000624409,0.00067501987,0.00046868666,0.00013244651],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009861574,0.000040992883,0.002151732,0.000038784638,0.000012659655,0.00013013554,0.000028771108,0.97814924,0.015578944,0.0007056866,0.000092768394,0.002971631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008110231,0.000013468882,0.00015656477,0.0000013420702,0.0000022151808,0.0000059712074,0.0000033217,0.99852705,0.0011520969,0.00007460726,0.000052195745,0.0000030349827],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005867641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027765804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005867641,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004642272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010668742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011666954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138963854","doi":"10.1002/fld.2119","title":"A two‐grid fictitious domain method for direct simulation of flows involving non‐interacting particles of a very small size","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ellipsoid; Grid; Domain (mathematical analysis); Scale (ratio); Fictitious domain method; Immersed boundary method; Flow (mathematics); Computational fluid dynamics; Centroid; Computer science; Aspect ratio (aeronautics); Mechanics; Algorithm; Geometry; Boundary (topology); Computational science; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.03125670541007144,"score_gpt":0.4039986907242178,"score_spread":0.3727419853141464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2138963854","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.08223487,0.0001839554,0.910464,0.00024950123,0.00011683654,0.00019210363,0.00011225157,0.0005639158,0.005882659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.45404556,0.00013423481,0.5407836,0.00013194868,0.000030085761,0.00061521714,0.00018871832,0.00015935733,0.003911403],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999841,0.000058742415,0.0000073865053,0.000014991526,0.00005933625,0.000018466535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99934334,0.00039949047,0.000044496057,0.000056971272,0.00009511403,0.00006051492],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067274313,0.00037148406,0.000623317,0.00036525278,0.0005291752,0.00058355456,0.0015764785,0.0013858395,0.002781938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018675313,0.00039068543,0.0004535935,0.00030584628,0.0009215666,0.0005527889,0.0010503143,0.0007286883,0.00042580624],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010595713,0.00010100332,0.00091841916,0.00009880031,0.000027135722,0.00019647494,0.00014671308,0.9611702,0.005533225,0.0126494905,0.00086290453,0.018189639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014987122,0.000007556992,0.00003229617,0.0000019367892,8.3731715e-7,0.0000066946577,0.0000035198318,0.9989926,0.0002680974,0.00035415904,0.0003147226,0.0000024533842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005357784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031178603,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005357784,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048336896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010412501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010653198},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139246682","doi":"10.2514/6.2006-3000","title":"Side Force Generation Mechanism for a Missile with Nose-Mounted Micro-Structures","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanism (biology); Missile; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.010673776804182593,"score_gpt":0.2116953960819391,"score_spread":0.2010216192777565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2139246682","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95804584,0.0001823394,0.03481878,0.00014385015,0.00005760399,0.000049678823,0.000029396107,0.00009552702,0.006576992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946719,0.00005260124,0.003968073,0.000015570846,0.0000052612704,0.000015558764,0.000013802966,0.0000026072341,0.0012548068],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999559,0.0000035868063,0.0000013582909,0.000004815936,0.000017483322,0.00001684046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999373,0.000014674712,0.000015435757,0.0000067088854,0.000011281426,0.000014661017],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006626918,0.00018357896,0.00020787773,0.00017023837,0.00037914864,0.00019109776,0.0003123218,0.00042834278,0.0017357465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00011846931,0.0001432342,0.00025830694,0.000041705214,0.00036865642,0.00021569795,0.00035318345,0.0002529964,0.00018391956],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003415386,0.00017646009,0.0070873103,0.00016441333,0.00004934023,0.0026442586,0.00037432776,0.18953206,0.7460399,0.022164602,0.00077299227,0.03065277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008945517,0.00065608067,0.0063690725,0.000014330788,0.000022645803,0.000731337,0.00016588633,0.87385136,0.1134699,0.0023340606,0.002253247,0.000042511005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059578056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00069755065,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017357465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018086971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003319055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005806625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141798791","doi":"10.1080/02786820300896","title":"Ammonium Chloride Aerosol Nucleation and Growth in a Cross-Flow Impinging Jet Reactor","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Nucleation; Laminar flow; Mixing (physics); Jet (fluid); Chemistry; Ammonium chloride; Laminar flow reactor; Particle (ecology); Ammonia; Hydrogen chloride; Chloride; Particle size; Particle-size distribution; Hydrogen; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Chemical engineering; Inorganic chemistry; Physical chemistry; Physics; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.007418300147379585,"score_gpt":0.2303681089238989,"score_spread":0.2229498087765193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2141798791","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99465597,0.0003957707,0.004411782,0.000025481464,0.0000106527605,0.000013017513,0.000033409702,0.000056403318,0.0003975259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928207,0.00035526542,0.006305364,0.000010796298,0.000011609478,0.000011752782,0.000060812956,0.000008058417,0.00041571155],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995894,0.000075069955,0.000025201103,0.000102143444,0.00016155254,0.000046742338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995608,0.00024638211,0.000066835884,0.00002030533,0.00006227234,0.00004332642],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00074197346,0.0004874362,0.0007432707,0.0003271087,0.0004058807,0.0006228206,0.00051659025,0.0007414949,0.00028746077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059151667,0.00033223475,0.00035841117,0.00018468611,0.00036292188,0.00035247303,0.0003299869,0.00035096283,0.00011511995],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002790651,0.0000990881,0.001256465,0.000080752354,0.00001118959,0.00023879083,0.000054533943,0.010562213,0.9848809,0.00027708756,0.000026996722,0.0022329765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000060018825,0.000604867,0.002138558,0.0000035398664,0.000012471505,0.00011022141,0.000016136833,0.109552555,0.887218,0.000078463236,0.00019099006,0.000014304706],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041478546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022909944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0041478546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009305204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048749428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008247435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143061721","doi":"10.1002/cjce.5450780602","title":"Turbulence decay behind expanded metal screens","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Anemometer; Turbulence; Wind tunnel; Pressure drop; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Drop (telecommunication); Turbulence kinetic energy; Physics; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.007143897472166233,"score_gpt":0.1817397084281946,"score_spread":0.17459581095602836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143061721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99840266,0.000019844652,0.0012079916,0.0000056832027,0.0000051167094,0.000002992382,0.000018346442,0.000036090147,0.00030123393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99945825,0.000009148859,0.00023237386,0.0000035088542,0.0000013953984,0.0000015323699,0.000027797496,0.000003291947,0.0002625781],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998217,0.000025793976,0.0000080667,0.000032067277,0.000066552755,0.000045799923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995528,0.00012400177,0.0000801865,0.0000362984,0.00014382922,0.00006288943],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014862136,0.00022370456,0.00021636575,0.00023779394,0.00020756619,0.00043629366,0.00017030396,0.00022935533,0.0011047408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068966806,0.0001220223,0.00014557454,0.00012525055,0.00037707723,0.0003476327,0.00027883743,0.0002701413,0.00011940327],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010388719,0.000072649345,0.0047194143,0.00003014155,0.000013663196,0.00035010657,0.00017172836,0.007946832,0.9800628,0.00043803948,0.00012549975,0.0050302246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011312174,0.0023861951,0.06330875,0.000023038363,0.00004090997,0.00025748712,0.00032215723,0.084736526,0.8470563,0.00030304783,0.0013844095,0.000068010966],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014766263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060431816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014766263,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025078285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001619244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0036957264},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143474247","doi":"10.1115/1.2165229","title":"The Effects of Vibrations on Particle Motion Near a Wall in a Semi-Infinite Fluid Cell","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Inviscid flow; Amplitude; Vibration; Particle (ecology); Physics; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Resonance (particle physics); Magnetosphere particle motion; Particle displacement; Particle-in-cell; RADIUS; Optics; Atomic physics; Acoustics; Quantum mechanics; Magnetic field; Electron","score_opus":0.004601476178938116,"score_gpt":0.19390175480999855,"score_spread":0.18930027863106044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2143474247","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98726916,0.000070741065,0.011788026,0.000022390048,0.000010021263,0.000007662363,0.000007745952,0.00003029099,0.000793915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983766,0.000040057057,0.0013738946,0.000004626569,0.0000019273687,0.000005671852,0.00000825507,0.000004810935,0.00018415862],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998777,0.000025435684,0.00000612661,0.000021082256,0.000051011793,0.00001873218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994748,0.00033331965,0.00007157297,0.00004326135,0.000031369254,0.000045661025],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023345661,0.00018959281,0.00030618964,0.00020289427,0.00027685703,0.000384964,0.0003153912,0.00031305573,0.000585247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00077107426,0.0001685232,0.00016531431,0.000085610765,0.0010917037,0.00033202674,0.00039182042,0.00031271717,0.000105731604],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003170164,0.00009664471,0.0017673951,0.000112419126,0.000023880444,0.00049422926,0.00022796955,0.15133364,0.83660907,0.0042052576,0.00009276821,0.0047196536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000039395043,0.00042511726,0.0033263592,0.000011929657,0.000016503782,0.000113554546,0.00007824814,0.8115534,0.18320101,0.0007921789,0.00040611188,0.000036249385],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00056064874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00032729865,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.000585247,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002182148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002011608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0019578934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150271039","doi":"10.1007/s10546-005-9016-6","title":"An approximate analytical solution for the deposition of heavy particles released from an elevated line source","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Boundary-Layer Meteorology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Settling; Deposition (geology); Mechanics; Flux (metallurgy); Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Range (aeronautics); Trajectory; Wind speed; RADIUS; Atmosphere (unit); Computational physics; Meteorology; Physics; Chemistry; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.028347408073108444,"score_gpt":0.29124079615347875,"score_spread":0.2628933880803703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2150271039","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15948759,0.002389302,0.7856794,0.0020987394,0.000595159,0.00022183696,0.00052373344,0.00046540212,0.048538815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8484932,0.0015142572,0.10648191,0.0005125043,0.00036182383,0.00022592154,0.00032349132,0.00024659175,0.041840278],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998895,0.000022816635,0.000006324921,0.000022290043,0.000036394347,0.000022747414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996536,0.00013998341,0.0000385987,0.000023772784,0.000116823845,0.000027233416],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004709456,0.00069205574,0.00060559006,0.000601046,0.000568318,0.0009935995,0.0011623573,0.0023243674,0.0029658603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024660667,0.00042342336,0.0007026323,0.0005176355,0.0008486172,0.0012479275,0.0007260975,0.0008083034,0.00044932574],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008681124,0.00007575364,0.0015698399,0.0002361643,0.000039752053,0.0008171904,0.00020926827,0.8948549,0.012685152,0.07306891,0.0027317505,0.013624595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021441876,0.0000077723125,0.00023360964,0.000011525369,0.0000061974433,0.000045772515,0.000037521717,0.9939126,0.0006213866,0.0042123487,0.0008833555,0.000006443209],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010450287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007582855,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010450287,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011358346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001253298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020778894},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155436602","doi":"10.1089/109287503763336566","title":"Droplet Combustion of Chlorinated Benzenes, Alkanes, and Their Mixtures in a Dry Atmosphere","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Engineering Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Chlorobenzene; Atmosphere (unit); Chemistry; Decane; Combustion; Hexadecane; Alkane; Vaporization; Hydrogen; Volatilisation; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Yield (engineering); Environmental chemistry; Thermodynamics; Hydrocarbon; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.003085926628193173,"score_gpt":0.16264015620473402,"score_spread":0.15955422957654083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2155436602","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980261,0.00029705212,0.0010951177,0.0000069582825,0.000007228303,0.000009993511,0.00011424693,0.000008985719,0.00043419565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967032,0.00037459456,0.0017167527,0.0000104272585,0.000004493994,0.000009737197,0.00021886402,0.000013642108,0.0009482617],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988675,0.0000066385005,0.0000061852434,0.000028631115,0.000053307653,0.000018462873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99990356,0.000027497892,0.000021716909,0.000006749917,0.000022540422,0.000017927825],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011921134,0.00019795568,0.00027590577,0.000181126,0.00015027351,0.00029940388,0.00022936365,0.00017917449,0.00075176364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00019780116,0.00010141743,0.0001941019,0.00023640004,0.00013345259,0.0003171636,0.00018609832,0.00028818383,0.00012408885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009349363,0.000013728743,0.00037775314,0.000027996566,0.0000044289563,0.000032315653,0.000018690955,0.00012241537,0.99833566,0.000030568077,0.00000756248,0.00093531987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000074480145,0.00020494372,0.0024857621,0.0000021729431,0.000007667683,0.000041738098,0.000026743248,0.0016322249,0.9952874,0.000016731907,0.00028369157,0.0000034207956],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009865157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015862535,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009865157,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026336082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013351177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0025148988},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155905410","doi":"10.1109/ias.2000.881926","title":"On the use of vibration and electric fields to fluidize and disperse particulate matter","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Fluidization; Particulates; Vibration; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Biological dispersal; Entrainment (biomusicology); Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Fluidized bed; Population; Quantum mechanics; Geology","score_opus":0.022668558961206568,"score_gpt":0.1953043560605395,"score_spread":0.17263579709933294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2155905410","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3118547,0.02709498,0.5586204,0.005206246,0.0017044676,0.00019213573,0.000116204166,0.00037214812,0.094838694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9281775,0.021050457,0.03234389,0.00059870904,0.0012901793,0.00012291134,0.00007401112,0.00005767489,0.016284777],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980265,0.000052323314,0.00000866158,0.00003957002,0.00007190567,0.000024932375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995492,0.0003314213,0.000030588428,0.000037088394,0.00003823922,0.00001340225],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035114572,0.0003587896,0.0003177683,0.0005990135,0.00040569808,0.00078315736,0.0005009223,0.0006689458,0.0013027894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014133702,0.00017545541,0.00030636837,0.00028349712,0.0032364044,0.0015321261,0.0008457961,0.00047815935,0.00023574955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004184528,0.00010558252,0.001109891,0.0003552244,0.000039860697,0.00062431814,0.00039521273,0.0829771,0.036193408,0.7548926,0.002151743,0.12073658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000109214714,0.00040218467,0.0031677946,0.00016452427,0.000035838464,0.00052604155,0.00014141375,0.27722475,0.016971117,0.6667319,0.03437817,0.00014708983],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00070718833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004071401,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013027894,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043164447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021512083,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004358232},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156237471","doi":"10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02918.x","title":"The Influence of Coatings on the Performance of Structural Heat Pipes for Hypersonic Leading Edges","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mach number; Hypersonic speed; Coating; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Thermal barrier coating; Thermal; Thermal protection; Space Shuttle thermal protection system; Metal; Composite material; Aerospace engineering; Thermodynamics; Metallurgy; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0088619072682772,"score_gpt":0.23985539345035908,"score_spread":0.23099348618208188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2156237471","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980914,0.0002849845,0.00085953664,0.000022461625,0.00002039782,0.000007792674,0.00003272997,0.00003658427,0.0006441258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987382,0.00010683946,0.00066432817,0.000008164481,0.000004320471,0.0000025182105,0.000028279392,0.000022996595,0.0004244072],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997137,0.000034801957,0.000016381435,0.000041768795,0.00009690128,0.000096448326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99898833,0.00031204047,0.00019175388,0.00008940399,0.0003218303,0.000096731295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034651402,0.00048603758,0.0003089289,0.00025066716,0.0003735226,0.000561181,0.00031092664,0.00041925703,0.0010342071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021927592,0.00024575673,0.00025881254,0.00012306521,0.00027746535,0.00032125885,0.0003136924,0.00042715314,0.0002832364],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004050536,0.00003467012,0.0011415163,0.00009311862,0.000011301075,0.00011365758,0.000070064554,0.0017987556,0.99227,0.000045219564,0.000077832694,0.0039387043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011134881,0.0006436933,0.005676556,0.000008333867,0.000027154998,0.00007004064,0.00004323263,0.0036471311,0.98946065,0.000010682677,0.00039215514,0.00000925186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012417975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015200293,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012417975,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002504321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019177623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0034597516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158448043","doi":"10.1139/p08-037","title":"Effects of chemical reaction and thermophoresis on magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow along an inclined plate in the presence of heat generation and (or) absorption with viscous dissipation and Joule heating","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermophoresis; Physics; Mechanics; Joule heating; Heat transfer; Drag; Mass transfer; Thermodynamics; Convection; Heat flux; Heat generation; Convective heat transfer; Combined forced and natural convection; Flow (mathematics); Natural convection; Nanofluid","score_opus":0.008947175015470234,"score_gpt":0.20020805819254792,"score_spread":0.19126088317707768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2158448043","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975635,0.00023170916,0.0014048088,0.000021044478,0.000010588501,0.000006466907,0.000010206779,0.000014947653,0.0007367562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992028,0.00010387645,0.00043362382,0.000004602999,0.000004986926,0.0000019434106,0.000005970868,0.000002611573,0.0002395372],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998797,0.000026832715,0.0000057770626,0.000018738796,0.00003563474,0.000033324053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975973,0.000116889416,0.000064447646,0.000012000815,0.000018877556,0.000028040271],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018528067,0.00047278928,0.00034045902,0.00024639443,0.0002544391,0.00042976794,0.00016424636,0.00021762989,0.0006200171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039698803,0.00017002877,0.00029642644,0.00015968444,0.00063680485,0.00023960847,0.00030169333,0.00021954859,0.00007323731],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051708263,0.000049274375,0.0016185485,0.00013913137,0.000023085538,0.00043796437,0.00011712785,0.02561303,0.9666207,0.00067706057,0.000051956285,0.004135123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059720114,0.00055565394,0.012439146,0.0000081592025,0.00006552307,0.0002254852,0.00009815936,0.1384093,0.8473933,0.00022209204,0.00049936015,0.000024126184],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00079021044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052570936,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00079021044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002461371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023642305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020741224},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159676881","doi":"10.1175/jas3397.1","title":"Improved Formulations of the Superposition Method","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Superposition principle; Drag; Mechanics; Representation (politics); Collision; Lubrication; Bubble; Physics; Classical mechanics; Falling (accident); Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.011120783253202978,"score_gpt":0.2613108522635697,"score_spread":0.2501900690103667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2159676881","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0046495716,0.00020997951,0.9905337,0.00010896326,0.000103557446,0.000043495675,0.000030171444,0.00009075155,0.004229778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.20772398,0.0009185106,0.7744523,0.00026194556,0.00042016365,0.0003491688,0.00017527926,0.00032176866,0.015376804],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9986319,0.00051444606,0.000065290995,0.000086315486,0.00061562215,0.000086465836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998242,0.00063438347,0.00013272643,0.00030414926,0.000606852,0.00007983139],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020010646,0.000977701,0.0009681987,0.001027687,0.0005153202,0.0009436718,0.002088475,0.0014481581,0.0057855677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003159908,0.00045794778,0.0015504454,0.00086857466,0.001128989,0.0019974692,0.0015490907,0.0018780956,0.0013286878],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014364503,0.00014599967,0.00080015906,0.00026519442,0.00010053529,0.0002844801,0.00024775232,0.45434204,0.024095561,0.40927497,0.0054524075,0.10484731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011776822,0.000022880733,0.000079711615,0.000009054766,0.0000069986963,0.0000370415,0.000007738507,0.98487455,0.0011861213,0.011058687,0.002693401,0.0000120387185],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025109882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0023207145,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0057855677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008929345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011772229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019354582},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165237509","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22286","title":"Droplet size scaling in a turbulent pipeline flow","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Schlumberger (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Breakup; Turbulence; Scaling; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Pipeline (software); Inertial frame of reference; Physics; Weber number; Statistical physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.011034449463871743,"score_gpt":0.19260889640214054,"score_spread":0.1815744469382688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2165237509","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97662467,0.00036049885,0.020180201,0.000099816294,0.0000129930295,0.000012765987,0.00006716436,0.00017615037,0.0024657603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981536,0.00011670831,0.0013580254,0.0000050792078,0.0000059816766,0.000004639563,0.00003043093,0.00001698908,0.00030853646],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999453,0.0000065421054,0.0000032142505,0.000012697607,0.000022172853,0.00001011639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981314,0.00008468439,0.00004218474,0.000011103196,0.000030518753,0.000018394714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016166923,0.00017659708,0.00014765757,0.00043851975,0.00015404959,0.0003858044,0.00014197096,0.00017034018,0.00057178526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008384111,0.00014711481,0.00016799552,0.00023505423,0.00034159125,0.0005565428,0.00021106288,0.00018912049,0.00007235646],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027265458,0.00009724097,0.008028923,0.000089643945,0.000016257589,0.0004272145,0.00023900243,0.17201631,0.77677965,0.013301778,0.00042661923,0.02830478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000034749253,0.00025644875,0.021487273,0.000009794002,0.000014488394,0.00020506156,0.0000636243,0.9017864,0.069864236,0.005186156,0.0010445914,0.000047231544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00084408326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000290947,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00084408326,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040838713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015016322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029630065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166764918","doi":"10.1175/jas3655.1","title":"Probability Distributions of Angle of Approach and Relative Velocity for Colliding Droplets in a Turbulent Flow","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Turbulence; Relative velocity; Physics; Clear-air turbulence; Collision; Statistical physics; Coalescence (physics); Mechanics; Dimensionless quantity; Probability distribution; K-epsilon turbulence model; Classical mechanics; Statistics; Mathematics; Computer science","score_opus":0.020375947438828545,"score_gpt":0.22875285304105855,"score_spread":0.20837690560223002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2166764918","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92457706,0.00007291419,0.07412357,0.00006247063,0.000008693895,0.000018363686,0.000084984604,0.000115469215,0.0009363641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974679,0.00002320258,0.0023076213,0.0000038351477,0.0000047798694,0.000007895025,0.000054245655,0.000011536763,0.00011904734],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99964106,0.000076647455,0.000019261259,0.00008169715,0.00012598127,0.000055378154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959312,0.0027665717,0.00061912084,0.00021428181,0.00029168345,0.00017709915],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014021418,0.00029087157,0.00035241107,0.0009832736,0.000372879,0.0008155594,0.00055655336,0.00035126627,0.0008687128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0049464437,0.00026866567,0.00028796218,0.00049684773,0.0012269054,0.001066451,0.0005024536,0.00044909213,0.0000768376],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024296965,0.00008192546,0.026781635,0.000052249794,0.000039081748,0.00039379275,0.00014480167,0.9024256,0.022296596,0.04014944,0.00032463155,0.0070673553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006312568,0.000035611072,0.0038705585,0.0000037633827,0.000003118401,0.00004454097,0.000025582682,0.989776,0.0032185472,0.0029383395,0.00005969371,0.000017950224],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012894444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005368973,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014021418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00077482744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003681361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0074152946},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169141619","doi":"10.1002/aic.12761","title":"Direct numerical simulations of aggregation of monosized spherical particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; SPHERES; Isotropy; Lattice Boltzmann methods; Mechanics; Direct numerical simulation; Particle (ecology); Homogeneous isotropic turbulence; Physics; Particle size; Classical mechanics; Statistical physics; Reynolds number; Materials science; Chemistry; Optics","score_opus":0.020885203375353864,"score_gpt":0.22788553525521746,"score_spread":0.2070003318798636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2169141619","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857249,0.00012976758,0.0074504754,0.00013637682,0.000036608944,0.0000389465,0.00012344813,0.00007473168,0.0062846364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964881,0.00005224812,0.00262616,0.000023865765,0.0000073635188,0.000031765245,0.00007399933,0.000011424435,0.0006851609],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979657,0.00003757709,0.000012148771,0.000021620217,0.000071216025,0.000060819326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990545,0.00048862107,0.00010553938,0.0000635461,0.00015086721,0.00013690424],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003792224,0.00041870627,0.0007156589,0.00044057792,0.00058263674,0.00096466934,0.0007893942,0.000832288,0.0009474195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017153192,0.00036260026,0.00044529798,0.00045496624,0.0010169898,0.0005021486,0.0007334093,0.00068840367,0.00010744747],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017391198,0.00015970827,0.0023187378,0.000043229593,0.00003676613,0.00019762329,0.00011027845,0.98815477,0.003978733,0.0027773103,0.0002605251,0.0017884006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000042255786,0.00003760121,0.0003484693,0.0000025729257,0.000004399887,0.00000703269,0.000015151287,0.99813014,0.0010232114,0.00028801008,0.00009671828,0.000004492919],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014578714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0066059143,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014578714,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011161057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007821856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028987706},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172474815","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2007-37283","title":"Dense Particulate Flow in a Cold Gas Dynamic Spray System","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Gas dynamic cold spray; Particle (ecology); Nozzle; Materials science; Particle velocity; Deposition (geology); Shock wave; Volume fraction; Volume (thermodynamics); Compression (physics); Shock (circulatory); Flow (mathematics); Substrate (aquarium); Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.005327549319498184,"score_gpt":0.2114828613993188,"score_spread":0.2061553120798206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2172474815","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834304,0.00014423745,0.015216581,0.000057611218,0.000021574786,0.00004379471,0.00003835722,0.0001622242,0.0008852408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99002343,0.0001457868,0.008249163,0.000023498567,0.000013690734,0.000029909588,0.000082569,0.000013145724,0.0014188916],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998559,0.000019223848,0.0000055533474,0.000029577332,0.00006729815,0.000022335298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983156,0.00005331396,0.000026219976,0.000013280504,0.000038598213,0.000037026795],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002776302,0.0002841525,0.0007633508,0.0002694026,0.000497895,0.00050036854,0.00041074047,0.0004512151,0.0008315187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030877843,0.00019121567,0.00018045714,0.00018351963,0.00054525945,0.0003168363,0.00056007406,0.00030259235,0.00014826424],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003927945,0.00018922846,0.0025853529,0.000120966426,0.00002170619,0.0006207688,0.00024112128,0.0445518,0.93521374,0.0026845485,0.00028617232,0.0130917635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00044687238,0.0028447637,0.007872117,0.00001807276,0.000048351012,0.0005184732,0.00015924695,0.5382518,0.4438063,0.0015509566,0.0044081598,0.000074892945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003197569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016374087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003197569,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005526656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00062370923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0063579082},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2178940958","doi":"10.1007/s00162-016-0394-9","title":"Drift due to two obstacles in different arrangements","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inviscid flow; Cylinder; Compressibility; Computation; Flow (mathematics); Function (biology); Particle (ecology); Field (mathematics)","score_opus":0.004679843163459939,"score_gpt":0.21977576978324728,"score_spread":0.21509592661978735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2178940958","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8956506,0.0006697472,0.07212526,0.0012366431,0.00076851074,0.00015281423,0.00025625172,0.00025550014,0.02888466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97982645,0.00027464185,0.006960892,0.00013023094,0.00007648423,0.000065767614,0.00015725473,0.00008590387,0.012422222],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993736,0.00010555255,0.00002945871,0.000112980204,0.00016737472,0.00021107562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978745,0.0008332715,0.0002470276,0.0002520291,0.00034298497,0.00045023445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010022641,0.00074831746,0.0014061026,0.0018731313,0.0018866558,0.003024627,0.001083694,0.0022281967,0.0057350523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007903873,0.00074922544,0.0006363492,0.0011965449,0.0032797968,0.003177932,0.0035155667,0.0014116258,0.00076689944],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0035939706,0.0008065186,0.008889892,0.0002953955,0.00024810614,0.0033833543,0.0011036424,0.67661774,0.035103925,0.23144318,0.005401063,0.03311319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003852355,0.00031815228,0.0051529175,0.00005329107,0.00010590789,0.0005090138,0.00068375526,0.9221073,0.0071835285,0.06109466,0.0021940954,0.00021220288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025701271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012572005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0057350523,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013024178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011309868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019185603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2193685364","doi":"10.1038/srep17747","title":"Non-linear, non-monotonic effect of nano-scale roughness on particle deposition in absence of an energy barrier: Experiments and modeling","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Water Network","keywords":"DLVO theory; Deposition (geology); Particle deposition; Surface roughness; Mechanics; Surface finish; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Surface energy; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Colloid; Composite material; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.013493160357720023,"score_gpt":0.2630980578496361,"score_spread":0.24960489749191606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2193685364","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9472106,0.00041679168,0.048169125,0.0001313189,0.000023395072,0.00010942491,0.0001822421,0.00018876263,0.0035684318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98922825,0.00029621602,0.009500629,0.000011985783,0.000004745352,0.000043786764,0.000041254152,0.0000149095795,0.00085829484],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989474,0.000012694158,0.0000058958262,0.00002470524,0.000041182368,0.000020910495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997459,0.00015079393,0.000035931,0.000028247247,0.00002751475,0.000011659816],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026449317,0.00029023332,0.00032543522,0.00017874737,0.00021523755,0.0003218315,0.00041541044,0.00055750774,0.00042658407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005187493,0.00020023235,0.0002870746,0.00017320194,0.00043501082,0.00034870364,0.00023557991,0.0003580219,0.00009928784],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013844998,0.00015572585,0.0024790114,0.0002716521,0.000025404826,0.00036053793,0.00013882149,0.51909745,0.468095,0.002872034,0.00016076508,0.0062051765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013632519,0.000051657193,0.0010344177,0.0000026887703,0.000004627997,0.00002004808,0.000011599133,0.9564461,0.04204277,0.0002132566,0.00015057929,0.00000870498],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042251465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028207651,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0042251465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046043578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046235137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008401096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2217442598","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2015-0063","title":"Large eddy simulation of the turbulent multiphase flow on sandstone wastewater of hydropower stations in a vortex-type grit chamber","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Volume of fluid method; Turbulence; Vortex; Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Free surface; Detached eddy simulation; Flow (mathematics); Multiphase flow; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Physics","score_opus":0.01349827555981915,"score_gpt":0.22669057500182263,"score_spread":0.2131922994420035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2217442598","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950258,0.00005164602,0.0030662,0.00006727872,0.000015510866,0.000026534735,0.00012730248,0.000053462216,0.0015662155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967704,0.000041477688,0.0022014384,0.000013137524,0.0000036152799,0.000023096776,0.000136056,0.000009639156,0.00080125354],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989927,0.00002303352,0.000008585126,0.000016242157,0.00001895611,0.000033906228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996693,0.00016704052,0.000033643166,0.00001688949,0.000053431533,0.000059745704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003020142,0.00049372757,0.00067361054,0.0004335476,0.0006561311,0.00068865926,0.00052559684,0.0011480893,0.0009534273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005811415,0.0002762377,0.00071533845,0.00044197156,0.0004879997,0.00042630805,0.00040335002,0.0006013248,0.000080482205],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024311223,0.0002108573,0.008034879,0.00005549692,0.000028972552,0.00038039798,0.00011291815,0.9767716,0.01054803,0.0007277731,0.00021070633,0.002675273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017570896,0.00003936161,0.0013816871,0.0000023003247,0.0000033721803,0.0000055997693,0.00003669144,0.9976737,0.000736145,0.00004531894,0.000052970074,0.0000052991923],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02541684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010930181,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02541684,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005837813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00084262586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.050537825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2275344981","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2016.01.017","title":"Reduction of fine particle emission from a prilling tower using CFD simulation","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulence; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Breakup; Reynolds number; Nozzle; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Environmental science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.014441067539660539,"score_gpt":0.2178248943109362,"score_spread":0.20338382677127567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2275344981","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97639537,0.00013313882,0.016574586,0.00006314888,0.000027964854,0.000030218594,0.00017684246,0.0003544171,0.0062444312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941387,0.0000463975,0.004436444,0.0000067000915,0.0000030088768,0.000009205627,0.000086121545,0.000016348087,0.0012570655],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989796,0.000015779755,0.0000046351306,0.000017843635,0.000044053377,0.00001961793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998024,0.00009749184,0.000018900915,0.000016406188,0.000050230752,0.000014548375],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001914169,0.00028995232,0.00049286074,0.00033504877,0.000567207,0.00038635868,0.00036733015,0.000559624,0.0013912116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030263563,0.00014193809,0.0005493559,0.0002643656,0.00015461278,0.0002590804,0.00020982407,0.00034997685,0.00012900085],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00069250615,0.00024434517,0.005617606,0.00016526727,0.00003054351,0.00019815739,0.0000847547,0.8372848,0.13466091,0.0006430975,0.00052598375,0.019852096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031476367,0.00015641165,0.003254393,0.0000046392634,0.000018817136,0.000015596619,0.000020326548,0.95044893,0.04549037,0.00008941472,0.00045724984,0.000012492572],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013672203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0080779735,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013672203,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006396253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005638247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027185261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2275854692","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22422","title":"Size of nanoparticle agglomerates in fluidization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Mental Health; National Institutes of Health; Iran National Science Foundation","keywords":"Agglomerate; Fluidization; van der Waals force; Drag; Force balance; Suspension (topology); Materials science; Nanoparticle; Particle size; DLVO theory; Adhesion; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Chemistry; Mechanics; Fluidized bed; Colloid; Molecule; Physics; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.01045262250571125,"score_gpt":0.1886905262877807,"score_spread":0.17823790378206947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2275854692","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.68314016,0.00156478,0.3080544,0.00032296515,0.00009207359,0.00014643074,0.0003160055,0.0006454041,0.005717721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898024,0.0002660745,0.00804773,0.000029325456,0.0000065181325,0.00007025794,0.00010611334,0.000043439737,0.0016281804],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965835,0.00004750525,0.000012908088,0.00012517087,0.00010369077,0.000052403495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996977,0.00014866328,0.000046846835,0.000018383349,0.00007388804,0.000014627802],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00061813346,0.0005575577,0.00046120695,0.0009197731,0.00032261547,0.00049124024,0.00078517833,0.00060256745,0.0004471249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013610169,0.00031333073,0.0005340124,0.00017443653,0.0005790982,0.0009215741,0.00037325863,0.00033277238,0.00021988964],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036689863,0.00007812222,0.0048677614,0.00016170251,0.000048481754,0.0003482613,0.000260511,0.23170069,0.7332944,0.01074856,0.0004222637,0.017702367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014223671,0.00008261582,0.0019527285,0.000009013644,0.000014589443,0.000049562896,0.00001944698,0.7850016,0.2101364,0.001646494,0.0010485288,0.00002478725],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00557517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015784649,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00557517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014768267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00052120985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011085451},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2290701543","doi":"10.1615/tsfp8.1590","title":"TURBULENCE MODIFICATION BY PARTICLES IN A HORIZONTAL CHANNEL FLOW","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Reynolds stress; Physics; Shear stress; Open-channel flow; K-epsilon turbulence model; Pipe flow; Particle (ecology); Turbulence kinetic energy; Materials science; Classical mechanics; Geology","score_opus":0.009016068826763542,"score_gpt":0.1985055457088524,"score_spread":0.18948947688208886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2290701543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994686,0.000030457628,0.00038973085,0.0000058028427,0.0000049502123,0.000004332951,0.0000076292417,0.000008509436,0.0000799099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99921024,0.00002611569,0.0005411021,0.000009259006,0.000006029571,0.000003588037,0.000021610545,0.000003131748,0.00017896602],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997552,0.000043201773,0.000011688069,0.000041769177,0.00008316621,0.00006495809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996013,0.00019562768,0.00006960912,0.00002470018,0.00004336869,0.00006542678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002815011,0.00019319511,0.0004060444,0.00017088532,0.00044869163,0.0007219982,0.00014943133,0.0002718333,0.00033515613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052357226,0.00016218772,0.00022595644,0.00012585896,0.0007928477,0.00025710766,0.000286178,0.0003370402,0.000059996135],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013315273,0.00017778372,0.0097024245,0.000062429084,0.00003124464,0.00023236223,0.0001589745,0.007759414,0.9752501,0.0002755867,0.00008436254,0.004933814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00034600607,0.0033129994,0.08652207,0.000011205408,0.00011054921,0.00014328223,0.00015242049,0.046586983,0.86183244,0.00022149764,0.0006959175,0.00006462728],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003974912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002136406,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003974912,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044193148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037961736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007903576},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2291510737","doi":"10.1063/1.4942815","title":"Single-particle Lagrangian and structure statistics in kinematically simulated particle-laden turbulent flows","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Physics; Intermittency; Turbulence; Eulerian path; Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Particle-laden flows; Inertial frame of reference; Direct numerical simulation; Compressibility; Stokes number; Field (mathematics); Statistical physics; Lagrangian; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.010781594490747401,"score_gpt":0.2245739090126439,"score_spread":0.2137923145218965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2291510737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98024493,0.00010336666,0.017341608,0.0000907232,0.000024136565,0.000021292035,0.000099817604,0.00016412456,0.0019098549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99666375,0.000035059795,0.0030228738,0.000007755538,0.000004101367,0.000007723681,0.00005427294,0.000018996601,0.00018542404],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985814,0.00004790111,0.000011848196,0.000014655314,0.00004013655,0.000027314347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991167,0.00045511962,0.00016215067,0.000080098034,0.00011207836,0.00007382862],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005661991,0.0003260843,0.00036996347,0.00072087516,0.0004174638,0.00079101237,0.00043545742,0.00046006948,0.0003711044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021595242,0.00023342433,0.000281732,0.00044203852,0.000897197,0.00055096595,0.0003328536,0.0003230285,0.00007086516],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060315633,0.0000538039,0.0027575379,0.000017138016,0.000007751793,0.000065917586,0.000052331667,0.98923737,0.0025889643,0.003642032,0.00007251826,0.0014443153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000044344006,0.000011183222,0.0002723467,0.0000014266755,0.0000013215433,0.000003799772,0.0000058751752,0.99864715,0.0007455987,0.00027918784,0.000025260106,0.000002430836],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009057057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038844084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009057057,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008654531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006344014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01800865},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2291850472","doi":"10.1115/ht2005-72372","title":"The Effects of the Distance Between Nozzle and Substrate on Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gas dynamic cold spray; Nozzle; Materials science; Helium; Shock wave; Acceleration; Particle (ecology); Substrate (aquarium); Volumetric flow rate; Mechanics; Atomic physics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics; Coating","score_opus":0.003199943294112873,"score_gpt":0.21157313759682503,"score_spread":0.20837319430271214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2291850472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9881682,0.0004442892,0.008333888,0.00007831423,0.000027618857,0.000016047896,0.000032922493,0.000060731967,0.0028381043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997361,0.0001388647,0.002066812,0.000009918767,0.000003072313,0.0000051602324,0.00002370865,0.000012040389,0.00037943773],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998141,0.000030078316,0.000009597302,0.000037558082,0.00006219002,0.000046423396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991328,0.0005817297,0.0000990811,0.000031299398,0.00010324108,0.000051799678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031325786,0.00028770725,0.00034321117,0.00020994073,0.00034366874,0.00064209587,0.0003908812,0.00044130592,0.0016187817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017412126,0.0002306914,0.00025647695,0.000121647754,0.00035302862,0.0005165723,0.00042529532,0.00038244663,0.00016298814],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015844658,0.00019099205,0.015624392,0.0006238598,0.00007562903,0.001679342,0.00045972122,0.57349783,0.37646163,0.005811737,0.0002849353,0.02370548],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002662412,0.0014539158,0.015884683,0.000057197067,0.0001396156,0.0005295141,0.0004633844,0.7422677,0.23483567,0.00082533073,0.003169007,0.00010777089],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018282109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017563635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018282109,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004340436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004823966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054153204},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2305178276","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b00218","title":"Concurrent Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Interaction Forces Improves Particle Deposition Predictions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Water Network","keywords":"DLVO theory; Deposition (geology); Particle deposition; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Surface roughness; Work (physics); Surface finish; Statistical physics; Classical mechanics; Physics; Materials science; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Geology; Composite material; Turbulence","score_opus":0.0049397767569436994,"score_gpt":0.20618730491984816,"score_spread":0.20124752816290445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2305178276","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1541672,0.0004558965,0.83613086,0.00033129647,0.00009821698,0.0001491881,0.00016178515,0.0006257348,0.007879822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8923596,0.0006064914,0.102910675,0.00007498699,0.000043917415,0.0001602671,0.00013063964,0.00016729793,0.0035461013],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967146,0.00006014177,0.000029788467,0.000057891968,0.00012834037,0.00005239444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944574,0.00026509975,0.00007859946,0.00006983672,0.000113018534,0.000027597509],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010055361,0.00068559684,0.0007595652,0.0004692372,0.0004499824,0.0009867685,0.00091072655,0.0009931898,0.0008403743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016240963,0.00038858084,0.0012352107,0.00022473348,0.000492853,0.0010595658,0.0008512675,0.00083366194,0.00023597243],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001900066,0.000045503686,0.00094483,0.00004354142,0.000013524414,0.00006638298,0.00003465067,0.976263,0.012158549,0.004722497,0.00010883917,0.005579675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000026695575,0.000007630295,0.000095238946,0.000001973363,0.0000032646433,0.0000056199265,0.0000029791834,0.99814725,0.0012875628,0.00026107757,0.00018144191,0.0000033426738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016162362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007916821,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016162362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001013169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018525119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03213656},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2310951039","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2017.06.002","title":"Experimental study of the initial growth of a localized turbulent patch in a stably stratified fluid","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Azrieli Foundation; Israel Science Foundation; United States - Israel Binational Science Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence kinetic energy; Mechanics; Stratified flows; Entrainment (biomusicology); Buoyancy; Physics; Stratified flow; Bubble; Particle tracking velocimetry; Optics; Materials science; Acoustics","score_opus":0.020700978915192254,"score_gpt":0.2916953801599952,"score_spread":0.27099440124480295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2310951039","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.997809,0.00006043659,0.0012113074,0.000025172249,0.000010037868,0.000016192396,0.00007325245,0.0000348704,0.00075986574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99878055,0.000025079167,0.0006390454,0.000006296811,0.0000067604674,0.000008438786,0.00004351123,0.000010474262,0.00047978686],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988866,0.000012468919,0.0000058144897,0.00002518558,0.000023180854,0.000044714365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994491,0.00021773977,0.0000757825,0.00006762712,0.0000953308,0.000094505245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018182125,0.00021304736,0.00024952448,0.0002008735,0.00051211193,0.00032692787,0.00033647387,0.0003491131,0.0018014369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00051266403,0.00019790925,0.00017267806,0.00013761054,0.0006118775,0.0002973248,0.00043341535,0.00051040313,0.00020472756],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008459945,0.0002618741,0.002017175,0.00004694764,0.000007934073,0.00024911397,0.00016155244,0.0014945577,0.9925585,0.0003919225,0.00013667827,0.0018277115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019684188,0.0029760457,0.03412785,0.000012398587,0.0000349526,0.00042055693,0.00032102587,0.05081619,0.90994173,0.00022227157,0.00089270464,0.000037446167],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013226961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007474782,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018014369,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024381612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021011257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006026387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2313316567","doi":"10.1097/hp.0000000000000401","title":"National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center Dispersion Modeling of the Full-scale Radiological Dispersal Device (FSRDD) Field Trials","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Atmospheric dispersion modeling; Environmental science; Deposition (geology); Meteorology; Radiological weapon; Biological dispersal; Scale (ratio); Dispersion (optics); Explosive material; Field (mathematics); Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Geography; Geology; Chemistry; Optics; Cartography; Mathematics","score_opus":0.04445001130846972,"score_gpt":0.2998679367818921,"score_spread":0.2554179254734224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2313316567","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93035954,0.00023012565,0.026126066,0.00078705634,0.00011571753,0.00038969656,0.0056047174,0.0007573209,0.035629854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98235554,0.000118019874,0.010260314,0.0000607099,0.00001722847,0.00021602803,0.0021003764,0.00008163436,0.004790221],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996811,0.00007242151,0.000021196258,0.00006373227,0.00009487463,0.00006665658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991067,0.0004110875,0.00009470092,0.000059128863,0.000265095,0.00006327094],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008720917,0.0007795336,0.00073299074,0.00051114924,0.0007730762,0.0010719672,0.0012163741,0.0010843416,0.0023568259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017585377,0.0003342885,0.0006042796,0.00048713823,0.00040282588,0.00082134595,0.00048769923,0.00091583363,0.00035760485],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007103051,0.00006678371,0.0024820485,0.000020221485,0.000008323539,0.000038151305,0.000023741219,0.99298054,0.0009038318,0.0006614297,0.0009023939,0.001841535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000039468654,0.000050003095,0.0009301368,0.000003898341,0.000005355682,0.0000053943013,0.000016183652,0.9977952,0.0004883688,0.00015418541,0.0005018731,0.000009911292],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08081802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03948383,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08081802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017415573,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0020846694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16069525},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2314410389","doi":"10.1021/ie200135r","title":"Determination of Agglomeration Kinetics in Nanoparticle Dispersions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Economies of agglomeration; Nanoparticle; Kinetics; Particle (ecology); Chemical engineering; Adsorption; Mass transfer; Particle size; Base oil; Materials science; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Chromatography; Physical chemistry; Composite material; Scanning electron microscope","score_opus":0.11831230769541029,"score_gpt":0.3104814280616456,"score_spread":0.1921691203662353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2314410389","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95794517,0.001822368,0.035092343,0.00011339635,0.000060017486,0.00015727241,0.0009803979,0.0004731048,0.003355833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97679055,0.00131412,0.017295755,0.000037920483,0.000014509307,0.0001712082,0.00070167513,0.00008812573,0.0035861293],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965894,0.000032265114,0.000027683856,0.00009778567,0.00012861923,0.00005472091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99953127,0.00019235107,0.00006478296,0.000030917792,0.00015286548,0.000027824486],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034664187,0.000537039,0.00030261689,0.0009102191,0.00038394018,0.00035444056,0.00029905615,0.00040988871,0.0005281616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00093881163,0.00025598155,0.0002518962,0.00039302013,0.00036639057,0.00032568537,0.00018001822,0.0007474828,0.0003354443],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006192098,0.000020504533,0.00046026875,0.00003327186,0.0000074594973,0.000027212785,0.00012272956,0.00033938233,0.99679714,0.000114319526,0.000047432837,0.0019684446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003069044,0.00006797219,0.0016328228,0.0000034329598,0.0000072389457,0.00002006843,0.000021536116,0.004987452,0.9925547,0.000039776558,0.00065460923,0.0000073248625],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036483782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036746084,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0036483782,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007492629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021686163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007254243},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2314428413","doi":"10.1166/jctn.2008.1010","title":"Numerical Simulation of Nano-Particle Suspension in an Effervescent Atomizer","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Suspension (topology); Nano-; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Mechanics; Composite material; Physics; Mathematics; Geology","score_opus":0.010886953045615927,"score_gpt":0.25292936696164836,"score_spread":0.24204241391603243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2314428413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9655536,0.00014207896,0.013929804,0.00045470387,0.00009594575,0.000046429926,0.00014018084,0.00017518796,0.019462021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99164987,0.00005825962,0.003640919,0.000050974922,0.000010738821,0.000022756165,0.00008129448,0.000022934908,0.004462251],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998994,0.000011352087,0.000004243644,0.000016967955,0.000034942423,0.00003307023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976176,0.00010966942,0.00002833298,0.000018821509,0.000043697262,0.000037617912],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016856048,0.00028592328,0.0005803077,0.0003230793,0.0009794356,0.0006813006,0.0007988049,0.0013658747,0.0034709724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054547493,0.00027209573,0.00037098472,0.00032074042,0.00071444456,0.0006704227,0.00058112794,0.00057420303,0.00023074333],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026299348,0.00020336616,0.0016045864,0.00006648889,0.000031785345,0.00042281434,0.000105453764,0.95852363,0.028926574,0.0058450876,0.00040350785,0.0036037182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027056674,0.000057342924,0.0003658187,0.0000023464006,0.000005452799,0.00001175669,0.000024501267,0.99409467,0.00498947,0.0002034277,0.00021127591,0.0000069077764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010969175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049864673,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010969175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008830198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009571375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02181065},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2316443030","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22493","title":"Effect of pipe inclination on the deposition velocity of settling slurries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Saskatchewan Research Council (Canada)","funders":"Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Settling; Slurry; Deposition (geology); Turbulence; Suspension (topology); Materials science; Volume (thermodynamics); Inclination angle; Pipe flow; Geotechnical engineering; Mineralogy; Geology; Sediment; Mechanics; Composite material; Environmental science; Geometry; Environmental engineering; Physics; Geomorphology; Mathematics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0045646487147949595,"score_gpt":0.1881142235751557,"score_spread":0.18354957486036075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2316443030","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989133,0.00009202068,0.0006221169,0.000009063849,0.000006942081,0.000009984649,0.000038140584,0.000021686963,0.00028669534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987331,0.000090336835,0.00085950457,0.000011272429,0.0000032222033,0.000006355477,0.0000678833,0.0000071590107,0.00022126902],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997305,0.00004774723,0.000027486896,0.00005216295,0.000088870554,0.00005306561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992939,0.0003778187,0.00014113281,0.00004378696,0.00008133068,0.00006191226],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003443947,0.00031720562,0.0003304043,0.00015577902,0.00020102103,0.00053225795,0.00011230112,0.00020405931,0.0006120037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012450389,0.00024364807,0.00016611036,0.0001941765,0.0002833985,0.00020975085,0.00021097717,0.00044605977,0.00016808219],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006116271,0.000041956493,0.00625898,0.000053026895,0.000008120507,0.000082388855,0.000107980464,0.0007537451,0.98886734,0.000025649346,0.000024107052,0.0031650795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000042045125,0.0023050974,0.08838791,0.000012910824,0.000041858646,0.000086300955,0.00017951224,0.0045876685,0.90356773,0.000040089446,0.0007304049,0.000018412862],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001026213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00092135766,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001026213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022150739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002621076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020473003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2317587020","doi":"10.2514/6.2002-3182","title":"Eulerian Formulation for Droplet Tracking in Dispersed Phase of Turbulent Multiphase Flow","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"32nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Eulerian path; Multiphase flow; Mechanics; Tracking (education); Materials science; Two-phase flow; Flow (mathematics); Phase (matter); Computer science; Physics; Lagrangian","score_opus":0.03379329783568936,"score_gpt":0.26670231297418456,"score_spread":0.2329090151384952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2317587020","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.01576253,0.0004317562,0.978222,0.0001746825,0.00015525387,0.000042755157,0.00005374689,0.00006169509,0.0050956006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.67352897,0.001447197,0.29045102,0.0003092665,0.00026876843,0.0002052781,0.00031979257,0.00029775273,0.03317204],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998714,0.000028086655,0.000009303595,0.000022849103,0.00005618164,0.000012183864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998074,0.000052685635,0.000023141312,0.000016068854,0.000083140105,0.00001756105],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004423321,0.00048872584,0.00047690098,0.00043593883,0.0003708116,0.00090459024,0.0010490718,0.0010729869,0.002347546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010944752,0.0003479069,0.0004430077,0.00035172398,0.0005603491,0.0015414761,0.0010335689,0.0008137069,0.00043632337],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000075797565,0.00005134249,0.00084809324,0.00014833013,0.000024819059,0.00022931027,0.00012659574,0.783088,0.010293692,0.17931405,0.0012809491,0.024519013],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002485231,0.0000044588105,0.000029895544,0.0000019376978,0.0000012037831,0.0000057006873,0.0000037936577,0.9973968,0.0003238343,0.0018569711,0.00037092058,0.0000018098589],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004623025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036096517,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004623025,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007264636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00080787187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009192228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2320685588","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22492","title":"Solids velocity fluctuations in concentrated slurries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Saskatchewan Research Council (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Slurry; Turbulence; Volume (thermodynamics); Mechanics; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Intensity (physics); Particle size; Computational fluid dynamics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Physics; Geology; Optics","score_opus":0.00762556332364552,"score_gpt":0.19103021264689746,"score_spread":0.18340464932325193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2320685588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983682,0.00006553179,0.0010277214,0.000016868005,0.000007965664,0.000013880802,0.00011835872,0.000024126752,0.0003573316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99823207,0.00007659756,0.0010786597,0.00001205487,0.0000061439223,0.000015429505,0.00021503714,0.000008776079,0.0003552159],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995795,0.000045944857,0.000027087437,0.00010882964,0.00018609388,0.000052572454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995732,0.00012113049,0.00008679563,0.00002729711,0.00015835153,0.00003332344],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039776045,0.00029551305,0.0004797708,0.00031591242,0.00020426778,0.0005922028,0.0002743605,0.00027094013,0.0004063592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009368977,0.00018827236,0.0001804327,0.00034619405,0.00051580917,0.0002466798,0.00030667608,0.0004302334,0.00013006134],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001441291,0.00003873755,0.0024597412,0.00004147685,0.000008862654,0.000047915168,0.00011820242,0.0009849292,0.994666,0.000057003865,0.00004022647,0.0013927098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000050049934,0.0008059015,0.031943653,0.000012148316,0.00002461413,0.00004005595,0.00023051751,0.013220237,0.95286393,0.00008939844,0.00070219743,0.000017132003],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027360336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015408495,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027360336,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00052093744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00028617444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005440235},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2322606327","doi":"10.1051/epjconf/201611402090","title":"Coarse particle support in turbulent flow of visco-plastic carrier","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"EPJ Web of Conferences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Shell Canada; Freeport-McMoRan Foundation; Newmont Corporation","keywords":"Rheology; Thermal diffusivity; Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Newtonian fluid; Viscosity; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Non-Newtonian fluid; Thermodynamics; Diffusion; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.015358295515672004,"score_gpt":0.23317214372420692,"score_spread":0.21781384820853492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2322606327","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99412376,0.00013685974,0.005139771,0.000016577718,0.0000041442554,0.000008339959,0.00002123303,0.000022414322,0.0005268351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99872905,0.00004642045,0.00095248176,0.0000036825002,0.0000026109674,0.0000028998923,0.000022023767,0.0000039502715,0.00023689325],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999019,0.00001609734,0.000005391995,0.000025936797,0.0000269491,0.000023819905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997681,0.000091383474,0.00006666219,0.000012654525,0.000026042178,0.000035163936],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001340478,0.00023545216,0.00023945663,0.0005846385,0.0003137968,0.0005901013,0.00016925254,0.00024855527,0.00038235896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005041829,0.00013362781,0.00016724798,0.00021815655,0.00069442095,0.00041888093,0.00031197123,0.00019625561,0.00007105463],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000568488,0.0000784278,0.0064053447,0.000097005985,0.000017571236,0.00047369412,0.00027180687,0.04013602,0.9399176,0.005401836,0.00009028845,0.006541809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007505625,0.0005468744,0.025294926,0.000016679222,0.00003444758,0.00032777624,0.00019584196,0.52827114,0.4417175,0.0022051644,0.0012539906,0.000060672133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001350785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00079996197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001350785,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00034480356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021243861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0026857853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2324026515","doi":"10.1021/ie201698r","title":"Limestone Particle Attrition in High-Velocity Air Jets","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Attrition; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Mineralogy; Exponential function; Materials science; Volume (thermodynamics); Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Geology; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.15972631745970356,"score_gpt":0.30782884525730236,"score_spread":0.1481025277975988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2324026515","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99883264,0.00013038254,0.00086493115,0.000010091554,0.000005359635,0.00000805985,0.0000136247745,0.000009097712,0.00012589223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985115,0.00011416044,0.000946672,0.00001078567,0.0000051713796,0.000009283121,0.000047580346,0.0000048124107,0.00035010252],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99941576,0.00008218381,0.000041318235,0.00010142115,0.00020316108,0.00015617268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991818,0.00040841926,0.00013034692,0.000050052622,0.00015970302,0.00006970218],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008633463,0.00022093032,0.000546856,0.00033080427,0.00047723527,0.00059450686,0.00043323814,0.00040984576,0.00046224458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016470114,0.00022174894,0.00032168516,0.00040464904,0.00045887506,0.00067694194,0.00038054204,0.0005529578,0.000089281035],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015459514,0.00018463633,0.008856634,0.00014908379,0.000022508522,0.00026501837,0.0004754054,0.0053623556,0.97374505,0.0002536678,0.00006313875,0.009076651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009312873,0.0017605363,0.023662016,0.000014908626,0.00002405629,0.00012338423,0.00024226302,0.028506849,0.9446099,0.00015774733,0.0007744237,0.000030846615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021845833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018920016,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021845833,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048122296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030252256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004565835},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2327123071","doi":"10.2514/6.2014-1238","title":"Deployment of Particle Image Velocimetry into the Lockheed Martin High Speed Wind Tunnel","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lockheed Martin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Software deployment; Wind tunnel; Aerospace engineering; Marine engineering; Aerodynamics; Particle tracking velocimetry; Computer science; Acoustics; Geology; Physics; Aeronautics; Engineering; Mechanics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.008675182000000739,"score_gpt":0.22685474609145587,"score_spread":0.2181795640914551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2327123071","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596618,0.00007005717,0.02963881,0.00039222918,0.0002139344,0.00030321744,0.0008572586,0.002720483,0.0061422177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.958121,0.00003880865,0.03703707,0.00006234159,0.000012700418,0.00007172914,0.0008577804,0.000119989636,0.003678528],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993574,0.00014729452,0.000018708868,0.00010142809,0.00022638415,0.00014883379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987741,0.00022530009,0.000055005246,0.00014020174,0.00039633855,0.00040896493],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020534962,0.00042471717,0.0005125825,0.00051725964,0.0007936474,0.0008250299,0.00068370043,0.00076280657,0.0030073766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016748848,0.0004745095,0.0002597435,0.00029140228,0.0006400296,0.0009916098,0.0008725546,0.00096334534,0.0005933781],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.010147872,0.0036890514,0.13926072,0.00023287923,0.00024360779,0.0016254287,0.0017143408,0.113417916,0.47484446,0.0074975723,0.018862309,0.22846381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010509841,0.006942479,0.11166691,0.00010066924,0.00009595342,0.00032492864,0.00057799835,0.76746714,0.0892067,0.00092022074,0.02139681,0.00024917634],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012365695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0149134165,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012365695,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006016974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00268986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024587452},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2330841609","doi":"10.11159/ijmem.2012.012","title":"Effect of Anisotropy on Particle Deposition in Impinging Jet Flow","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Reynolds stress; Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Turbulence; Particle deposition; Lagrangian particle tracking; Deposition (geology); Jet (fluid); Particle (ecology); Reynolds number; Detached eddy simulation; Nozzle; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.0045220245235097845,"score_gpt":0.23407232710476972,"score_spread":0.22955030258125994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2330841609","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98851556,0.0001273745,0.009544641,0.000032774362,0.000010529311,0.000008818502,0.000027962775,0.00007647773,0.0016559317],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99775547,0.000058253077,0.0019889157,0.0000033450124,0.0000019088177,0.000002205123,0.000015132793,0.000008587398,0.0001661406],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997813,0.000043724212,0.000016526126,0.000040917104,0.00007429714,0.000043200307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942625,0.00029661617,0.000114370996,0.000059019756,0.00007726796,0.0000264387],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041172147,0.00045717863,0.00039425603,0.00028467993,0.0003576693,0.0007588569,0.00024940676,0.00051197305,0.00027447692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013329003,0.0002353563,0.00036584277,0.00019154634,0.00047861057,0.00039969975,0.00028817065,0.00029356228,0.00007355541],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003282231,0.00009136801,0.01833693,0.00006825615,0.000023219864,0.00055811944,0.000095525924,0.85984874,0.108450554,0.0008890119,0.0000953801,0.011214684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011475084,0.000075039185,0.0052950913,0.000004320398,0.000008893138,0.000054288448,0.000016909591,0.9688575,0.025507474,0.000068468114,0.000090527916,0.000009884154],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0060827606,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025257186,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0060827606,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004952795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003820975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012094736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2335213911","doi":"10.1103/physreve.88.023019","title":"Mechanism of vibration-induced repulsion force on a particle in a viscous fluid cell","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Mechanics; Vibration; Particle (ecology); Work (physics); Viscosity; Physics; Convection; Space (punctuation); Classical mechanics; Amplitude; Materials science; Optics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.013838688499158097,"score_gpt":0.2605807976206942,"score_spread":0.2467421091215361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2335213911","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8547712,0.0018919405,0.11858446,0.00097091065,0.0005423132,0.00012027677,0.0001142261,0.000221044,0.022783663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99268335,0.00031144323,0.0038418332,0.000079416845,0.00004867152,0.000036955305,0.000034160734,0.000020813286,0.0029433614],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999851,0.000018573046,0.000006687176,0.000030186444,0.00004893103,0.00004461982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998173,0.000055310218,0.00003209792,0.000013364435,0.000023017888,0.000058956422],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017043247,0.00040387502,0.00057987333,0.00063591235,0.0011645261,0.00066784606,0.00083725626,0.0010018923,0.003559677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045409036,0.00024550522,0.0004658407,0.0001835261,0.00134435,0.0008032297,0.0009982388,0.000504124,0.0004168959],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007582475,0.00037066004,0.006855656,0.0007633918,0.00017996538,0.008048616,0.0016111714,0.22267187,0.4190607,0.30463248,0.0043659066,0.030681342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00019216459,0.00044576227,0.005250408,0.000038861224,0.000043744425,0.0012810025,0.00030713846,0.9453737,0.022153877,0.02081587,0.003976478,0.00012110853],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014387984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00059492886,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003559677,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042729324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004703749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011908293},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2335350218","doi":"10.2514/6.2012-3197","title":"Hypersonic PIV in a Ludwieg Tube Wind Tunnel at Mach 5.9","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Wind tunnel; Mach number; Hypersonic speed; Aerospace engineering; Hypersonic wind tunnel; Tube (container); Shock tube; Aerodynamics; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Shock wave","score_opus":0.012405687709431127,"score_gpt":0.21028578666301814,"score_spread":0.19788009895358702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2335350218","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89815706,0.00016359796,0.09489304,0.00006231,0.00004941849,0.00019083887,0.00087705284,0.0009834337,0.0046232073],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.87358636,0.00015518235,0.12205567,0.0000156521,0.000009182512,0.00012793446,0.0008754782,0.00006732253,0.0031072649],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99972147,0.000043098466,0.000014003063,0.00004878101,0.00012309958,0.00004957491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998167,0.000043579555,0.00002321797,0.000036616213,0.00004315386,0.0000367706],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050603744,0.0003853925,0.00034924594,0.00026889244,0.00037851193,0.00037663052,0.00042992874,0.00035719413,0.0018771564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030253205,0.00018139007,0.0001649325,0.00028696377,0.00043312006,0.00033717373,0.00054238393,0.00037140315,0.0004149515],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009840351,0.00018122258,0.00715698,0.00017714547,0.000030552103,0.0005416786,0.00034777596,0.03851718,0.91071457,0.0040236497,0.0008020694,0.036523264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017466635,0.0019809464,0.026569342,0.00004610972,0.000026363708,0.00049153477,0.00018693341,0.3743834,0.58471715,0.0015032281,0.009818123,0.00010226806],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018912517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018485087,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018912517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003258966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060619763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006279707},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2343455355","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.020","title":"Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a newly designed passive particle sampler","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Deposition (geology); Mechanics; Particle deposition; Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Fluent; Materials science; Wind speed; Particle size; Wind tunnel; Meteorology; Physics; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.00822548014480593,"score_gpt":0.2067793240809008,"score_spread":0.19855384393609488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2343455355","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9096857,0.0001745671,0.08419766,0.00030880776,0.00013655385,0.000105009756,0.0003883722,0.0006017097,0.0044016754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98635685,0.000068525806,0.010613758,0.00003216678,0.000008046535,0.00003416842,0.00008939547,0.00002095643,0.0027762458],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998129,0.00002840962,0.000009831895,0.000045382603,0.00007578934,0.00002780362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997236,0.00014365351,0.000022650693,0.000022139668,0.00005766471,0.000030299168],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036613812,0.0003132507,0.000675518,0.00022573832,0.00057832926,0.0005397247,0.0007224631,0.0008761382,0.0014863973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00055446033,0.00022209532,0.0004132645,0.00018376671,0.00045274658,0.00043128006,0.00034556436,0.00031188797,0.00020160475],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008827368,0.00041078802,0.013121914,0.00016450719,0.000045992016,0.0005211767,0.0001756534,0.84471357,0.11151114,0.0022869871,0.0010619981,0.025103541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006411997,0.0002465769,0.0019483949,0.00000459632,0.00001893439,0.00005779155,0.00002434119,0.96883595,0.027531639,0.00016699974,0.0010857284,0.000014942552],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0073068817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005122944,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0073068817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005693742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012145003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014528692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346985733","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-8867-6_68","title":"Modelling Aerosol Evolution in an Industrial Plume-1. Model Development","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Plume; Aerosol; Visibility; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Atmosphere (unit); Particulates; Meteorology; Vegetation (pathology); Geography; Geology; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.058478742192595544,"score_gpt":0.22408459933725755,"score_spread":0.165605857144662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2346985733","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0411795,0.011262282,0.85455704,0.0014740966,0.0006762703,0.00025189962,0.0019385329,0.0020327512,0.08662772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.48203957,0.018742017,0.33475533,0.00035533958,0.00034907737,0.0006310861,0.0034409717,0.001315925,0.1583707],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993014,0.000011915555,0.0000038551157,0.00001372469,0.000034486726,0.0000059547697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999311,0.00003257241,0.000004392145,0.000007327839,0.000020575475,0.0000039375705],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018322431,0.0007013191,0.00061102316,0.00026946992,0.00035336195,0.00073209545,0.0011919383,0.001459446,0.0034128993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042706032,0.00047046642,0.00078174286,0.00042286128,0.00028895886,0.0012779423,0.0005299114,0.0007157108,0.0013460784],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002745752,0.000041898234,0.00043045267,0.00024387514,0.000019289857,0.00011134081,0.000068477304,0.9061377,0.007855047,0.03363421,0.0065317606,0.044898417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009460223,0.000015433576,0.00023798231,0.000028034901,0.000009194618,0.000056879362,0.000007742497,0.9727884,0.0034006387,0.009830304,0.013605117,0.000010868388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006960766,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0061114226,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006960766,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00071178464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005867939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013840556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2351317676","doi":"","title":"Velocity Slip and Interfacial Momentum Transfer in the Transient Section of Supersonic Gas-Droplet Two-Phase Flows","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"中国化学工程学报(英文版)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supersonic speed; Mechanics; Momentum transfer; Mach number; Slip (aerodynamics); Shock wave; Momentum (technical analysis); Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.017244351245287858,"score_gpt":0.23103991552804198,"score_spread":0.21379556428275412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2351317676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98903775,0.00005059156,0.009098122,0.000048807065,0.0000074537484,0.000015448592,0.000039013677,0.000071054645,0.0016318101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99863213,0.00002881537,0.00086815126,0.0000055272553,0.000001870509,0.000010533717,0.000028601107,0.000007835201,0.00041643367],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999304,0.000010880779,0.0000031331297,0.000009499521,0.00001680451,0.000029382953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999828,0.00009239279,0.000027629136,0.00000895479,0.000017958297,0.000025001962],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018580329,0.00028864277,0.00027557637,0.00027311532,0.0003535633,0.0005265626,0.0003178256,0.0005095012,0.00092906447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007402745,0.00018959626,0.00032287394,0.00019713388,0.00056471024,0.00043994296,0.00028304826,0.0003071252,0.000078854275],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029194882,0.00014258402,0.004494395,0.00005513011,0.000018421737,0.00039905112,0.00021023894,0.93499804,0.048452634,0.0053325943,0.0001383533,0.0054666614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029117746,0.000059163256,0.0012243746,0.000002214064,0.000004688148,0.000019339615,0.000029883764,0.98861045,0.009646396,0.00023526842,0.00013257573,0.0000065639974],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008981948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028418868,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008981948,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00091157045,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006419922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01785934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2368001481","doi":"","title":"Numerical Modeling on Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chongqing University. English Edition","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Gas dynamic cold spray; Nozzle; Materials science; Shock wave; Helium; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Acceleration; Flow (mathematics); Shock (circulatory); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Atomic physics; Composite material; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Coating","score_opus":0.005711412112690682,"score_gpt":0.20074445044260658,"score_spread":0.1950330383299159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2368001481","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41047636,0.0011648741,0.52481943,0.000744497,0.0003221697,0.00027571068,0.00073727174,0.0007738945,0.060685705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93739206,0.00047218325,0.049390465,0.00009966653,0.00004527271,0.00027324428,0.00032445038,0.000088385845,0.011914254],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981564,0.00004072025,0.000008210272,0.000029660627,0.00007070165,0.000035066412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997104,0.00010629424,0.000041893203,0.00002331161,0.00009434308,0.000023696153],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003038467,0.0005865867,0.0008547845,0.00040199902,0.00064883224,0.000777206,0.0009243142,0.0012638253,0.0033081984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009411568,0.0002415094,0.00057563867,0.00042212076,0.0006738424,0.0005828008,0.00052654784,0.00049115974,0.00036623763],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032382406,0.000016412263,0.0005037464,0.00004282103,0.0000057240873,0.000104005856,0.00004124449,0.98718166,0.004040047,0.005329603,0.00023113601,0.0024712416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008091936,0.000012154979,0.00012638883,0.000003205568,0.0000020231055,0.000015174261,0.000007699378,0.9980938,0.00063075614,0.0005526545,0.00054366025,0.000004273335],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009633412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00298893,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009633412,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000735922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00092804304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019154727},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2368558112","doi":"","title":"Structure design and numerical simulation of novel supersonic swirling separator","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Zhongguo Shiyou Daxue xuebao. Ziran kexue ban","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Separator (oil production); Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Mechanics; Shock wave; Overall pressure ratio; Diffuser (optics); Mach number; Materials science; Choked flow; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Gas compressor; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.015087458871724777,"score_gpt":0.2443005095389731,"score_spread":0.2292130506672483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2368558112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7302795,0.0005029628,0.21367115,0.0006211597,0.00020010963,0.00024310769,0.00072652235,0.0011042806,0.05265118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96226525,0.00019181984,0.030281514,0.00006131263,0.000013354115,0.00026032474,0.00030204505,0.000067537614,0.0065569356],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984765,0.000023497201,0.0000066498933,0.000023064073,0.00004749341,0.000051632327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979407,0.000064398744,0.000033594682,0.000013191434,0.000062753374,0.00003196447],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029144727,0.00057595235,0.00076871185,0.00044752914,0.0009663777,0.0008470519,0.00093429646,0.0014409272,0.0040265108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047778577,0.00039344857,0.00060457166,0.00035541286,0.000624248,0.00050889427,0.000502827,0.00046406966,0.00040105815],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006772909,0.000043982054,0.0013479516,0.000065056825,0.00001412,0.00015083484,0.00007198759,0.985823,0.006913511,0.0025952444,0.00039925042,0.0025074529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014422995,0.00001542064,0.00015285563,0.0000020532204,0.0000024293029,0.000005974275,0.000012627932,0.9987685,0.00063970656,0.00013694927,0.00024533557,0.0000036050026],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015404043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006940626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015404043,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00084123877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014097568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03062874},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2377116949","doi":"","title":"Investigation of Direct Numerical Simulation Algorithms on Two-Phase Compressible Spatially Evolving Particle-Laden Ciecujet Jet","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CAE (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Direct numerical simulation; Eulerian path; Jet (fluid); Particle (ecology); Compressibility; Mechanics; Compressible flow; Stokes number; Domain decomposition methods; Physics; Particle-laden flows; Flow (mathematics); Two-phase flow; Classical mechanics; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Lagrangian; Finite element method; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.05693555925722362,"score_gpt":0.28826616170948327,"score_spread":0.23133060245225964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2377116949","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.541655,0.0009117947,0.42325684,0.000558912,0.00030337775,0.0002690717,0.00017974844,0.00074324326,0.03212198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8891493,0.00025395435,0.104930885,0.00009622507,0.000042364896,0.00014683684,0.0001801445,0.00018132571,0.005018878],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997912,0.00006849382,0.000010198227,0.000026457536,0.00008033592,0.000023220855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99838984,0.000892376,0.000079195284,0.00012454558,0.00042003198,0.00009405219],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00068886863,0.0005192108,0.00071178057,0.0004638815,0.0007491826,0.0011173066,0.0010628839,0.001074269,0.0025795444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003629275,0.00029306114,0.00044026994,0.0003626046,0.00065197,0.0006316051,0.0008323174,0.0006658321,0.00026251774],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024150545,0.00023446833,0.002699862,0.00015109105,0.000043458105,0.00019401862,0.00015485354,0.93974423,0.0074582347,0.02216204,0.00066634594,0.026249964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012018959,0.000013354456,0.00007700923,0.0000019030762,0.0000019173783,0.000008575893,0.000004822266,0.9990336,0.00041142036,0.00031395367,0.00011980719,0.000001695248],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0075875283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046677846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0075875283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075392955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091481756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01508671},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2378668105","doi":"10.14288/1.0106154","title":"Factors affecting the efficiency of a wet type dust collector","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Meteorology; Geography","score_opus":0.013201064038311703,"score_gpt":0.17864429236655108,"score_spread":0.16544322832823938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2378668105","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720563,0.0006786793,0.023594787,0.00007732396,0.000030186617,0.0002125143,0.00019081548,0.00023536473,0.0029239187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98391366,0.0004269094,0.013186838,0.000057656132,0.000017603792,0.0000790648,0.00038857272,0.00012684862,0.0018027821],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99666685,0.0005803269,0.000390571,0.0004390106,0.0015458832,0.0003773978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98645985,0.0076480773,0.00087591447,0.0010353479,0.003757772,0.0002230392],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0046639536,0.00043457397,0.00083408743,0.0008942952,0.0007802957,0.0018085893,0.0010675753,0.0006312967,0.0013830699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01720989,0.00055918354,0.00050062186,0.0007465737,0.00050306454,0.0010308581,0.0006679772,0.0003191047,0.00094519346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019659072,0.0004268335,0.1221478,0.0006910493,0.00022564585,0.0006427022,0.00073238276,0.027633509,0.76576906,0.0008513292,0.0009518486,0.077961914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000090935195,0.0020705836,0.17511825,0.0000674403,0.00028430548,0.0013339026,0.0004894236,0.031442255,0.7823683,0.0003313357,0.006309392,0.00009379647],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004179762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003699531,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0046639536,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008552868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007059022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024665654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2394139959","doi":"","title":"EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF OVER-EXPANDED SUPERSONIC STEAM JET IN SUBCOOLED WATER","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Thermophysics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CAE (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Subcooling; Plume; Materials science; Supersonic speed; Inlet; Nozzle; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Condensation; Superheated steam; Contraction (grammar); Thermodynamics; Boiler (water heating); Heat transfer; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.00783271957365276,"score_gpt":0.22468485638021735,"score_spread":0.2168521368065646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2394139959","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99914205,0.000027658936,0.00027772077,0.000008751311,0.00000461108,0.000006389932,0.00006268219,0.000015465223,0.0004546355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99935,0.000030455492,0.00020936575,0.0000036595507,0.0000038722437,0.0000048060183,0.00005944528,0.0000073879633,0.00033099364],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998647,0.000013332835,0.000005845887,0.000027918837,0.000046087003,0.00004204024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99975175,0.00009623929,0.000026839007,0.000026343827,0.00006249684,0.000036455265],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001848889,0.00023125275,0.00034771886,0.00020948522,0.00053558114,0.00026339447,0.00034944026,0.000314047,0.0025104817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003215374,0.00015015907,0.0002021969,0.00025485473,0.00052572135,0.00049238786,0.0003684521,0.00037944262,0.00014615635],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011053734,0.00020068623,0.002425812,0.00005766918,0.000009683053,0.00023506608,0.00017319582,0.000883583,0.9924246,0.00016909777,0.000085339976,0.0022299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011747977,0.0024757271,0.027178716,0.0000064844994,0.000027348111,0.00013000453,0.00031507414,0.010951865,0.957846,0.00009598026,0.0008333341,0.000021994512],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014859806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011652668,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025104817,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022218871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000219718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008398414},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2476080690","doi":"","title":"phase flows with phase transitions Eulerian fractions methodfor modelling two- On application of combined momentum and","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Eulerian path; Mechanics; Nozzle; Momentum (technical analysis); Phase (matter); Homogeneous; Two-phase flow; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics; Statistical physics; Lagrangian; Theoretical physics; Economics","score_opus":0.026971353920650344,"score_gpt":0.2805687437715172,"score_spread":0.25359738985086683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2476080690","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.031235553,0.00023150831,0.9661506,0.000054609834,0.00006747538,0.000061545696,0.00006947647,0.00031347663,0.0018159047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5104363,0.0006414842,0.48212072,0.000036900296,0.00007808098,0.00025997398,0.00018792454,0.00026908692,0.005969571],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999892,0.000032791486,0.000006873076,0.000014711375,0.00003785517,0.000015654845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970347,0.00013274023,0.000036505484,0.000046049696,0.000063334104,0.00001799192],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046974584,0.0007540725,0.00048293167,0.0003709856,0.00046380368,0.0005536265,0.00091475016,0.0006639536,0.0016099351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008157732,0.00026254854,0.00059410045,0.00024355565,0.0006100508,0.0009129133,0.00055931415,0.0007576585,0.00027718453],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008406866,0.00007344665,0.0012833033,0.00011588771,0.000026325533,0.000108031374,0.00011794302,0.8693607,0.018147547,0.06684535,0.00039413525,0.043443352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000068171553,0.000013772647,0.00011847299,0.0000035358503,0.000003888768,0.00001746229,0.0000036002734,0.9913585,0.0042067124,0.0028341634,0.0014278473,0.0000052219866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023429138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013640136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023429138,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041710935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008929133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005385697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2516018691","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22630","title":"CFD with population balance model to predict droplet size distribution in submerged turbulent multiphase jets","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulence; Mechanics; Balance (ability); Distribution (mathematics); Environmental science; Population; Meteorology; Physics; Mathematics; Demography","score_opus":0.006195522646621831,"score_gpt":0.1848233344058108,"score_spread":0.178627811759189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2516018691","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5521933,0.00052149664,0.43755576,0.0003482876,0.00010615965,0.00020723097,0.00037858056,0.0006494814,0.008039752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753338,0.00016906018,0.0216066,0.000044203294,0.000024270612,0.00012088699,0.0001467269,0.000051734263,0.0025026614],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998715,0.000028404836,0.000008265372,0.000022223272,0.00004521798,0.000024476065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99961567,0.00020752513,0.000056092438,0.00001467766,0.0000776101,0.000028386414],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004009152,0.00063832087,0.00065569446,0.0005820284,0.0004981253,0.0007015684,0.00078190304,0.0012198583,0.0008983472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010056754,0.00037520676,0.000598854,0.00041168852,0.00051972404,0.0006364693,0.0005085553,0.0005797529,0.0001663145],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021129626,0.000025999701,0.0011571419,0.00001173482,0.0000077245,0.00005482333,0.000019297342,0.99276227,0.0030520475,0.0011021064,0.00008526031,0.0017004894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002134462,0.000004379966,0.00009386149,4.5337788e-7,6.911289e-7,0.0000023712548,0.0000010763582,0.9996138,0.00017705493,0.000068431335,0.00003450736,0.0000012575624],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.022318399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059945704,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.022318399,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012168625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001170418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04437697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2523238618","doi":"10.1103/physreve.94.033303","title":"Target Lagrangian kinematic simulation for particle-laden flows","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. E","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Lagrangian; Turbulence; Kinematics; Benchmark (surveying); Physics; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Statistical physics; Mechanics; Theoretical physics; Geology","score_opus":0.019281129874367336,"score_gpt":0.316123010882091,"score_spread":0.2968418810077237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2523238618","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.052473918,0.00008325116,0.9355059,0.00014897747,0.00006620324,0.000079494435,0.00017755995,0.0004560639,0.011008607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7701062,0.00020614827,0.22262785,0.00008339706,0.000045139455,0.00033258952,0.0004855398,0.00023908872,0.005874091],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999759,0.00006616585,0.000012916383,0.00003016381,0.00010715857,0.000024664623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994702,0.00024683907,0.00006126452,0.00007080831,0.00010275329,0.000048259495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051095756,0.00037033364,0.000523878,0.0004087441,0.00052981597,0.0010817987,0.0009293716,0.0009477174,0.0019996872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018012208,0.000294621,0.0005865032,0.00042666885,0.00066668994,0.0008378936,0.0009323602,0.0008384674,0.00039894733],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000033123753,0.000034089444,0.0005273629,0.000025967689,0.000011414483,0.000053793472,0.000052067317,0.9440339,0.0024528324,0.048779238,0.00032238648,0.0036738317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000048364227,0.0000048996485,0.000026124719,0.0000012585222,8.264176e-7,0.0000041359986,0.0000018565779,0.99768996,0.00036408944,0.0015522065,0.00034815705,0.0000017152095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004035083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001999747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004035083,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00087400165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011162105,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008023202},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2527234665","doi":"10.11159/htff16.146","title":"Visual Observation of Nucleate Boiling and Sliding Phenomena of Boiling Bubbles on a Horizontal Tube Heater","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","keywords":"Boiling; Tube (container); Nucleate boiling; Mechanics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Composite material; Physics; Heat transfer coefficient","score_opus":0.0073502014471772984,"score_gpt":0.19710133105849553,"score_spread":0.18975112961131824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2527234665","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9543786,0.0005486478,0.04140567,0.00012349278,0.000032738626,0.000043799344,0.00024728876,0.00084894575,0.0023707654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98183984,0.00017503469,0.01655122,0.000023649429,0.000010897214,0.000024094012,0.00007764554,0.000029119466,0.0012685083],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989295,0.000011810318,0.0000044099875,0.00003098628,0.000038223414,0.000021627331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981374,0.0000785244,0.000028790564,0.000023237904,0.000033679553,0.000021940254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015327902,0.000223176,0.00017577423,0.00038803855,0.00015915257,0.00016924606,0.0003467225,0.00032929485,0.0018892564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020491192,0.00012800477,0.00020577006,0.00018568798,0.0002043654,0.00029191503,0.000250818,0.00047061555,0.00014128587],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000095967574,0.00002502955,0.00083645515,0.00008008303,0.0000057844563,0.00017590406,0.00009100362,0.0011970628,0.9863703,0.00021959843,0.00019526441,0.010707559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021365078,0.00041086573,0.023693528,0.000016124439,0.000027817921,0.00034792454,0.000095773925,0.07188618,0.901766,0.00020069994,0.0014989788,0.000034663044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006680364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00060731836,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018892564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014271952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001109597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0063201785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2527793868","doi":"10.2495/sdp-v11-n5-792-803","title":"Three clean products from co-mingled waste using a novel hydrodynamic separator","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Separator (oil production); Waste management; Environmental science; Clean-up; Process engineering; Environmental engineering; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Extraction (chemistry)","score_opus":0.01917492546513304,"score_gpt":0.2534061094714138,"score_spread":0.23423118400628073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2527793868","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96477914,0.00054715923,0.03170145,0.00010725497,0.000034384408,0.00012676531,0.00021966404,0.00084567897,0.0016385296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91730183,0.00049082184,0.07348472,0.00009600339,0.00002566528,0.00011533279,0.00056587067,0.00009700692,0.0078227185],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99965656,0.000032961394,0.000030587216,0.00007202706,0.00016926193,0.00003857151],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998235,0.00003211352,0.00004189107,0.000018446184,0.000055967506,0.000028072618],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035792342,0.00037436336,0.00046962875,0.00068960694,0.00041948791,0.0006578427,0.000547847,0.00044867664,0.0010609193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024168126,0.00020792334,0.00033643522,0.00040665452,0.00026950074,0.00042630822,0.000483886,0.00027888158,0.00060634036],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021791508,0.00012512747,0.0009152754,0.000113425536,0.000011827737,0.00007637817,0.00004844005,0.0003446415,0.98141986,0.000066731984,0.00011052196,0.016549839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000210863,0.0005001989,0.0032635021,0.0000048316,0.000022989243,0.0001336414,0.00002258688,0.0021483283,0.9912294,0.000016669728,0.002623925,0.000012920109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010008591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030044902,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010609193,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043769807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00046794384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0035491586},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528468446","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2016.10.012","title":"A model for shear response in swimming plankton","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress In Oceanography","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Plankton; Oceanography; Geology; Environmental science","score_opus":0.019254020422054145,"score_gpt":0.26209585214963055,"score_spread":0.2428418317275764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2528468446","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2713483,0.0014191055,0.6893823,0.0029612856,0.0007059798,0.00016306389,0.0007864962,0.00039621355,0.032837264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9344169,0.00097384525,0.023994759,0.00044655608,0.00020723765,0.00031796098,0.00035689154,0.00015314155,0.03913274],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999021,0.000023036266,0.000007665033,0.000028091323,0.000021825823,0.000017273553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997328,0.00011640458,0.000029704166,0.000017739518,0.00006045675,0.000043012726],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003253775,0.000797341,0.000801894,0.00043618324,0.00073637237,0.0010373737,0.0012909251,0.0029972629,0.0029573205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014490982,0.0004381231,0.000964855,0.0004006684,0.0007597919,0.0012434124,0.0011792172,0.00095762865,0.0006513722],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030364465,0.000039946197,0.0008939383,0.000057170702,0.000031106512,0.00015814992,0.00009274174,0.96986884,0.0047481167,0.019360978,0.000869888,0.0038487208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008664809,0.0000119030965,0.00017550474,0.0000035428088,0.0000066694142,0.0000120403065,0.0000109013545,0.9959037,0.00012676515,0.0033865431,0.00034756918,0.000006223791],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01248027,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005112102,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01248027,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006862313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00096048147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.024815202},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2528751248","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.005","title":"Are eruptions from linear fissures and caldera ring dykes more likely to produce pyroclastic flows?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pyroclastic rock; Geology; Explosive eruption; Volcano; Air entrainment; Entrainment (biomusicology); Jet (fluid); Caldera; Turbulence; Petrology; Mechanics; Seismology; Physics","score_opus":0.009954529688936613,"score_gpt":0.20096222016430423,"score_spread":0.19100769047536761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2528751248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99041677,0.0015752425,0.0013838588,0.0028720747,0.00013362025,0.000010339617,0.00014885904,0.000023105846,0.003436111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979571,0.0008031085,0.00025333534,0.00029897864,0.00025503951,0.0000019333634,0.00010271032,0.000005994649,0.00032163423],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994616,0.0000954335,0.000033587196,0.00015602681,0.00008243068,0.0001709633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99474263,0.0016927612,0.0026930466,0.00026648326,0.00032018454,0.00028488174],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015193636,0.00020008633,0.00035027595,0.00087881286,0.00037750133,0.0013360096,0.0004371264,0.0023908825,0.0054591424],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0072069177,0.0002644884,0.00033137403,0.0006162698,0.001734947,0.0022189082,0.00032447142,0.00072905194,0.00069630163],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00062837155,0.00014464115,0.95362306,0.000098343626,0.00019540534,0.0010590057,0.00021572234,0.0006988031,0.0043554762,0.0027594008,0.0010235297,0.03519807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000896943,0.00026561684,0.9806433,0.00006631453,0.00012539029,0.0030235734,0.001360361,0.0015705678,0.002741343,0.0058865976,0.00420428,0.000022936953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015831905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012231341,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0054591424,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028710524,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032844616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018262625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2530821513","doi":"10.1007/s12650-016-0397-z","title":"Simultaneous PIV/PTV velocimetry technique in a turbulent particle-laden flow","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Visualization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie","keywords":"Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence; Velocimetry; Physics; Relative velocity; Particle (ecology); Optics; Flow velocity; Mechanics; Tracking (education); Particle velocity; Phase (matter); Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Geology","score_opus":0.008634550148033984,"score_gpt":0.2646756673860309,"score_spread":0.2560411172379969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2530821513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6062662,0.0007056199,0.38781306,0.00031228727,0.00023641673,0.000093781826,0.00017318116,0.0005678787,0.0038316576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91491324,0.00017566154,0.08343738,0.000031417912,0.000041339674,0.000024403276,0.00006523914,0.000027534563,0.0012838389],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997712,0.0000414911,0.000009447707,0.00005549682,0.00009147758,0.00003086104],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981874,0.000048352213,0.000020728667,0.000026064617,0.00005486459,0.000031293057],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003730843,0.00031844978,0.00042849715,0.0005637017,0.00047463638,0.0006608964,0.00034405588,0.0005999486,0.0006192789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044327235,0.00035137145,0.00025001937,0.00036183643,0.00048303156,0.0006798808,0.0007827858,0.0005788617,0.00014932948],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00066310307,0.00012350253,0.0033829045,0.00011631035,0.000025797235,0.00038133425,0.00018945841,0.007269246,0.91783327,0.002721241,0.0005459307,0.06674798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010882487,0.00064357196,0.017076783,0.000028459845,0.00007474973,0.0010298856,0.00017885384,0.46539983,0.50997317,0.0018635138,0.0035234077,0.00009896453],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008677693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007802388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008677693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017020981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00066699495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020717382},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2534706551","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.06.023","title":"Investigation of particle-laden turbulent pipe flow at high-Reynolds-number using particle image/tracking velocimetry (PIV/PTV)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Reynolds number; Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Particle tracking velocimetry; Mechanics; Pipe flow; Materials science; Velocimetry; Two-phase flow; Particle (ecology); Physics; Optics; Flow (mathematics); Geology","score_opus":0.024702005052830843,"score_gpt":0.272954768867601,"score_spread":0.24825276381477016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2534706551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896002,0.0001788216,0.00943229,0.000029674015,0.000011956125,0.000019598387,0.0000397692,0.000052304993,0.0006355436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962353,0.0001056703,0.0031555132,0.000009657798,0.0000058095,0.000007814466,0.000045511508,0.000008771907,0.00042582102],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999907,0.000011361606,0.0000048049287,0.000020641957,0.000037637554,0.000018488658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988866,0.000039945466,0.000018559545,0.000007311626,0.000029970859,0.000015516665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022282451,0.00022961418,0.00025036812,0.00034097795,0.0004007631,0.000435632,0.0001993756,0.00036551527,0.00042215563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028038814,0.00017844052,0.00017978922,0.00021725797,0.00050988625,0.00046222273,0.00019240208,0.00031121433,0.00011157273],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002257819,0.0000867007,0.0035580695,0.000054601613,0.0000071962077,0.00028240806,0.000110506655,0.0025619993,0.98811764,0.0004773924,0.0000704369,0.0044473154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004982288,0.0007471437,0.038654238,0.00001116301,0.00002637824,0.00036383493,0.00016844194,0.11120735,0.8473236,0.0003924006,0.0010147534,0.0000408569],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007882062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043447452,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007882062,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001791007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002464029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0015672445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2536743779","doi":"10.1115/omae2016-54051","title":"Effect of Near Wall Turbulence on the Particle Removal From Bed Deposits in Horizontal Wells","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence kinetic energy; Entrainment (biomusicology); Particle velocity; Reynolds number; Particle (ecology); Reynolds stress; Particle deposition; Flow (mathematics); Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Geology; Physics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.005376953589488728,"score_gpt":0.20228219221197685,"score_spread":0.19690523862248813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2536743779","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993481,0.000062486564,0.0004196272,0.0000055166784,0.0000034000886,0.0000020421019,0.000009706572,0.000012457591,0.0001364685],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994929,0.000047373975,0.00027613438,0.0000045219113,9.872332e-7,0.0000015944437,0.000018977596,0.0000030701042,0.00015441695],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998821,0.000011320592,0.000007823521,0.000017860037,0.0000399606,0.000040873296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982184,0.000056344168,0.00004070524,0.000011267286,0.00003654617,0.00003323986],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016580796,0.00014275832,0.00026179416,0.00013447655,0.00022968183,0.0003038635,0.00013315755,0.00011523636,0.00044615034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028062725,0.00009796553,0.00020656324,0.00010008471,0.00019392226,0.00016060797,0.00017229271,0.00018911978,0.000086145854],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00051783194,0.000090499314,0.010094147,0.000075429256,0.000016692386,0.00019651384,0.00010490938,0.0029802297,0.97955257,0.000082776576,0.000059705373,0.0062286737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003130708,0.0014639022,0.070991,0.0000108545155,0.000038750004,0.000081355705,0.00030984942,0.018961404,0.9076042,0.000060066992,0.00042489346,0.000022512193],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025883042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002899938,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025883042,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016982591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018706129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0051465034},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2548117221","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2016.10.065","title":"Experimental investigation of fibre particles in a turbulent stirred tank with DPIV","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Impeller; Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Phase (matter); Rushton turbine; Particle size; Flow (mathematics); Composite material; Physics; Engineering; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.009209332629560823,"score_gpt":0.21075033232956972,"score_spread":0.20154099970000888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2548117221","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962913,0.000098207674,0.0025838423,0.00004325931,0.0000193458,0.000022279073,0.00008829192,0.000049076614,0.00080441555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99707556,0.000057391706,0.0020570173,0.000014067528,0.000007921026,0.0000150032665,0.00007477113,0.000011732402,0.00068648346],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994394,0.00008163021,0.000038691698,0.00011857886,0.00022103179,0.0001006383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993923,0.00030172235,0.00006345644,0.00006085924,0.00011209794,0.000069531015],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00071433565,0.00037054872,0.0006824541,0.000277267,0.0011584548,0.000743485,0.0005116006,0.0009233327,0.0010627107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00093055714,0.00020373095,0.0005030768,0.00034359828,0.00069206336,0.0006270413,0.00057674473,0.0007336448,0.00019990403],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0013099548,0.00018629283,0.002747154,0.000078655685,0.000013859703,0.0001581825,0.00019564234,0.0010582362,0.99089164,0.0002017501,0.000062806204,0.0030957726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012405406,0.0023995724,0.016383752,0.000009552547,0.000045263783,0.00011478816,0.00017910457,0.014168818,0.9656331,0.00009003298,0.0008209531,0.000031053023],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0025634787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001248754,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025634787,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00056708726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00058584614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005097091},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2550889248","doi":"10.1121/1.4970764","title":"Numerical investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of interacting microbubbles","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Resonance (particle physics); Dynamics (music); Physics; Bifurcation; Population; Microbubbles; Harmonic; Work (physics); Nonlinear resonance; Mechanics; Atomic physics; Thermodynamics; Acoustics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.008793177250486518,"score_gpt":0.22548567955473092,"score_spread":0.21669250230424442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2550889248","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8663512,0.00067894236,0.10455034,0.00097138376,0.00013255024,0.00011136841,0.00037326897,0.00030760613,0.026523504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97657645,0.00015914485,0.018531866,0.00008105573,0.000020036276,0.00010916668,0.00012582875,0.000029742396,0.004366797],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998586,0.000029334731,0.0000072731427,0.000023741903,0.000038951293,0.000042085074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992654,0.00044485394,0.00009112324,0.00003983401,0.00009564581,0.00006310695],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035774807,0.0004407241,0.00066225894,0.00047875612,0.00075181527,0.000561952,0.0007489503,0.0016881308,0.002398809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017572866,0.0002974785,0.00050876377,0.00035864345,0.00091702596,0.00056532305,0.00073373475,0.0007293351,0.00016304223],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000084482854,0.000059010545,0.0023880545,0.00007048723,0.000025708207,0.00024277925,0.00010085338,0.98197466,0.0058882604,0.0068752067,0.0002330527,0.0020574895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005548982,0.00000922946,0.00019552963,0.000002566404,0.0000024808394,0.000008230361,0.000012102256,0.9990584,0.0002939113,0.0003043623,0.00010442548,0.0000032445791],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010922466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046195467,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010922466,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00059799955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00083933317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.021717787},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2551164287","doi":"","title":"Turning Off Entrainment: The Role of Particle Size Distributions and Vent GeometryIn The Collapse of Volcanic Jets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2014 AGU Fall Meeting","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Volcano; Entrainment (biomusicology); Geology; Mechanics; Meteorology; Physics; Seismology","score_opus":0.004279923606137442,"score_gpt":0.19500406593474634,"score_spread":0.1907241423286089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2551164287","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960006,0.00025623658,0.0017451361,0.00021255587,0.000027445576,0.000007196606,0.00003534765,0.00007286005,0.0016425742],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995622,0.000062811734,0.000095077,0.000015208459,0.000010308642,0.0000012453637,0.00001833658,0.00002034688,0.0002143194],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983597,0.000023630884,0.0000066787843,0.00003491319,0.000038411177,0.000060419123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945325,0.0001778265,0.00010577106,0.000052336065,0.00006533666,0.00014547698],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038101632,0.0005435331,0.0005181138,0.00043898966,0.00068626134,0.001459863,0.000590872,0.0007791036,0.0019356617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019704239,0.0004792036,0.00038972238,0.00015631036,0.0011181121,0.0012129389,0.0012980736,0.00082069973,0.00023665265],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017418242,0.000803503,0.11516262,0.00026326155,0.00023953602,0.002827912,0.0012700763,0.19254497,0.6046537,0.016530693,0.0033315595,0.06063041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001238499,0.00037518927,0.2095758,0.000030708314,0.00008623249,0.00038951018,0.00066340744,0.72276855,0.057746943,0.0066891126,0.0014205162,0.00013011444],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003853207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025331646,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003853207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007829689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004264771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0076615214},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2557814580","doi":"","title":"A Robust Computational Method for Coupled Liquid-liquid Phase Separation and Gas-particle Partitioning Predictions of Multicomponent Aerosols","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Separation (statistics); Liquid liquid; Gas phase; Environmental science; Liquid phase; Phase (matter); Process engineering; Materials science; Chromatography; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Physics; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.02733994244916032,"score_gpt":0.2975264386423869,"score_spread":0.2701864961932266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2557814580","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.1130017,0.0004415548,0.8782443,0.00051539403,0.00035098588,0.00029187996,0.00034832355,0.0012417017,0.0055642123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6333973,0.0002440952,0.35774755,0.0003353337,0.00021835796,0.0007969235,0.0005870286,0.0006814104,0.0059919218],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967384,0.00008812007,0.000019694786,0.00005216532,0.00012660726,0.00003969508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987779,0.000670166,0.000094938456,0.000090484704,0.00027177308,0.000094687995],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011873336,0.00088353903,0.0013545216,0.00056519645,0.001152297,0.0012362889,0.002579661,0.002195324,0.002801308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0031472985,0.0007985633,0.0012642684,0.00041669983,0.00092779414,0.0008788958,0.0015654772,0.0017879877,0.0005303634],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000719703,0.00010454973,0.0003713095,0.00004865725,0.000049331098,0.00007695968,0.000019732186,0.9837495,0.0026035993,0.003524355,0.00047267205,0.0089072855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005750861,0.0000053310578,0.000020169227,7.7136184e-7,0.000001683139,0.00000133099,0.0000010623932,0.99967134,0.00012683534,0.00011530453,0.000048803693,0.000001715256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017783506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0123387445,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017783506,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00087676087,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003219257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03535998},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560125473","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2016-0379","title":"Investigations on the dynamics of particle clouds in stagnant water using response surface methodology","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Response surface methodology; Particle size; Environmental science; Buoyancy; Nozzle; Range (aeronautics); Mechanics; Slurry; Materials science; Design of experiments; Geotechnical engineering; Meteorology; Environmental engineering; Mathematics; Geology; Physics; Composite material; Statistics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.04592137420275787,"score_gpt":0.24069163133363003,"score_spread":0.19477025713087215,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2560125473","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96914613,0.0002717687,0.030084595,0.000023188406,0.000007749475,0.000064195454,0.00008414755,0.00008532926,0.0002329161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98122495,0.0004201722,0.017818185,0.000015361133,0.0000050964068,0.00008931052,0.00013306379,0.000012425159,0.00028137869],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99976355,0.000065303924,0.00001822424,0.000034370474,0.000089747184,0.00002878868],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958664,0.0002410767,0.00007020291,0.000022079434,0.00006501661,0.000014929823],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005550298,0.00034588657,0.0005519607,0.00022678504,0.0001731496,0.00024121784,0.0002809876,0.00030416378,0.00024817945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005593832,0.00012521305,0.00047679557,0.000323562,0.00020882273,0.0002631204,0.0001403912,0.0002649389,0.00009007967],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015163326,0.000105696876,0.0022986294,0.00016707774,0.000018966586,0.000065441935,0.000080887185,0.006460212,0.9815871,0.000101874975,0.000021801989,0.008940669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000032829223,0.0025812914,0.015967995,0.0000064634337,0.000030025285,0.00007662108,0.00011993506,0.12202201,0.85842335,0.00017924633,0.0005244937,0.00003588039],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011764421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001177925,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011764421,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018559046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023770871,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029352903},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562700725","doi":"10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v43.i5-6.110","title":"Particle Dynamics and Airflow Patterns in a Ventilated Two-Zone Enclosure","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Airflow; Enclosure; Aerosol; Turbulence; Context (archaeology); Particle (ecology); Environmental science; Meteorology; Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Flow (mathematics); Atmospheric sciences; Computer science; Physics; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Oceanography","score_opus":0.02751880305937253,"score_gpt":0.3325640733810156,"score_spread":0.3050452703216431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2562700725","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99753076,0.000038333583,0.0020847006,0.000012042186,0.000002897496,0.0000052494297,0.000045076253,0.000025593063,0.0002554677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986682,0.000024793631,0.0010735542,0.00000223454,9.705664e-7,0.000005059794,0.000056967485,0.0000025947213,0.00016570462],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990976,0.0000182643,0.000009185681,0.000029891939,0.000016873522,0.000015976626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981827,0.00007751369,0.000035837158,0.000020123809,0.000021352806,0.000026965638],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013244765,0.00026946014,0.00031770713,0.00027297006,0.00026238864,0.00048737536,0.00038859327,0.00052682223,0.0004618693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036627462,0.00014307667,0.00025975515,0.0001769917,0.00041326488,0.0002861259,0.00039188986,0.00020933709,0.00007119428],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007319137,0.00027504237,0.038717806,0.00009336283,0.00008240474,0.0010612883,0.00030243758,0.73086613,0.21904142,0.0011545753,0.00015968819,0.007513961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000039515548,0.00025315056,0.02882491,0.000009702771,0.000019224795,0.000088901674,0.000109886794,0.9525033,0.01775351,0.0002055365,0.00016557558,0.000026722922],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033810346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014111814,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033810346,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025316337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021066662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0067227483},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2574790547","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045114","title":"Hydrodynamic Interactions Among Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Liquids","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Newtonian fluid; Mechanics; Viscoelasticity; Rheology; Non-Newtonian fluid; Intuition; Surface tension; Classical mechanics; Drop (telecommunication); Physics; Bubble; Thermodynamics; Computer science","score_opus":0.007010944569250942,"score_gpt":0.2620990329799207,"score_spread":0.25508808841066977,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2574790547","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.030374033,0.921496,0.035461154,0.0018490317,0.0008450949,0.000029334118,0.000056619454,0.0000875213,0.009801212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.178867,0.7963288,0.012395303,0.000666309,0.0016400714,0.00006885619,0.000109561726,0.000052303458,0.009871805],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996809,0.000062512736,0.000021877584,0.000068964844,0.000115123345,0.000050629955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977034,0.0001158847,0.000053451207,0.00000847844,0.000032301716,0.000019557856],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000546714,0.00044259994,0.0009353034,0.0006454373,0.00056518865,0.0009283256,0.0006265658,0.0011260916,0.0009734849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005392239,0.00047277985,0.00044935098,0.00055074575,0.0013267909,0.0017013606,0.00074199995,0.0008762794,0.00040506278],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013722868,0.00009090361,0.0023378998,0.009762472,0.00021476691,0.0013559972,0.0014366214,0.023959931,0.17245461,0.50367534,0.012459594,0.2721146],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000043600176,0.000450231,0.009144216,0.0013419288,0.00025628667,0.0023522482,0.0006375438,0.028669585,0.08118704,0.24542099,0.6302903,0.00020604627],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00086511386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007377537,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011260916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006629517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044920217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004810095},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2583630226","doi":"10.1088/1742-6596/788/1/012034","title":"Effect of the condensed particles on a flow of combustion products in a Laval nozzle","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Combustion; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Rocket engine nozzle; Volume fraction; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Engineering; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.017659002275186533,"score_gpt":0.24644651625654843,"score_spread":0.22878751398136188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2583630226","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946526,0.0004237527,0.0025312142,0.000045701352,0.000033163695,0.000017515953,0.000044097294,0.00006176079,0.0021901792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99806744,0.00015492209,0.00093153544,0.000023407989,0.000010159568,0.0000059505055,0.000059207563,0.000018283385,0.0007291529],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997645,0.000051289615,0.000012962803,0.00004175865,0.00007175086,0.00005771185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958867,0.00021588126,0.00004700094,0.000022659107,0.00005410456,0.00007169611],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035749798,0.0002995435,0.0005211197,0.00028499984,0.0005562935,0.0011003636,0.00029183185,0.00045589937,0.0017200984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008172006,0.00015698564,0.0003556908,0.00017910122,0.00066503236,0.00031655398,0.00060159934,0.00035273086,0.00015796014],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00225403,0.0002900367,0.0059806188,0.00038753095,0.00013305747,0.0012603175,0.00061851484,0.07056373,0.89937073,0.0026018058,0.00038700525,0.016152577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00021845684,0.0015230101,0.010749552,0.000031701173,0.00013562743,0.0001774936,0.00020573189,0.11290888,0.8704528,0.00035919208,0.0031863756,0.00005122713],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020618103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00054539595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020618103,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003250842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032695124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005754292},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2588155486","doi":"10.1201/9781315375045-114","title":"Feature of the vortex and the jet flows around and inside the three-row pile group","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Vortex; Jet (fluid); Pile; Group (periodic table); Physics; Mechanics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.006379426489054919,"score_gpt":0.1850492841337849,"score_spread":0.17866985764472998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2588155486","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99715614,0.00004177951,0.0023380462,0.0000061650353,0.0000034087168,0.000005974115,0.000040289815,0.000028956138,0.00037915164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99813205,0.000016001559,0.0015378245,0.0000029063153,0.000001580608,0.0000041712638,0.00004645951,0.0000029848113,0.000256022],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999181,0.000007552143,0.0000019765698,0.000018391156,0.000034190176,0.000019732486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998522,0.00002733881,0.000043544125,0.00001878229,0.000025926185,0.000032220985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006833556,0.00017742849,0.00011176877,0.00034755433,0.00020191832,0.00015743791,0.00008895758,0.00017658494,0.0012758754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020069182,0.00009812288,0.0001475979,0.00012810552,0.00040751463,0.0001482822,0.00013492648,0.00023920972,0.00012284197],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013956013,0.000023140414,0.004342212,0.000034008495,0.0000041451062,0.0001275622,0.00009796899,0.00065793376,0.98962224,0.00013170588,0.000025264893,0.004794261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002420169,0.0010586971,0.3111002,0.000017622055,0.000024925204,0.0009447747,0.00048213179,0.011849582,0.6728774,0.00032866292,0.0012551877,0.00003655782],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00049341726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005342211,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012758754,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000105734835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015320173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004268229},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2589279147","doi":"10.1615/tsfp8.2030","title":"PARTICLE-TURBULENCE INTERACTIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF A ROUGH WALL","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Particle (ecology); Reynolds number; Reynolds stress; Law of the wall; Turbulence kinetic energy; Physics; Intensity (physics); Surface finish; Surface roughness; Flow velocity; Materials science; Optics; Classical mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Composite material; Geology","score_opus":0.017870677692850202,"score_gpt":0.24920358684657906,"score_spread":0.23133290915372887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2589279147","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99951315,0.00003784823,0.00034636472,0.000004131136,0.000004037217,0.0000037503992,0.0000048525117,0.000006955975,0.00007890603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991775,0.00004020221,0.00061582134,0.000005983234,0.000003068097,0.00000399232,0.000018414623,0.000003362031,0.00013163168],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967444,0.000060180562,0.00001981218,0.000050212973,0.000081873506,0.00011348229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995059,0.00022469027,0.000101958074,0.00002885684,0.00005621442,0.000082315324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003662254,0.00035431725,0.00069911,0.00029285613,0.0005026849,0.00074761466,0.00016863426,0.000366903,0.0003758986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00085549016,0.0002498585,0.00035060433,0.0001373291,0.0006390367,0.00033273685,0.00052977883,0.00038293804,0.00008136105],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00089231675,0.000086742984,0.0048765955,0.000056163317,0.000030376099,0.00028852271,0.000103818355,0.008157046,0.9829758,0.00023118143,0.000036335743,0.0022652433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014777743,0.0031524533,0.045141242,0.00001712272,0.00015824387,0.00019369058,0.00029053533,0.06458008,0.8853353,0.0003150256,0.00058540155,0.000083122286],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019598382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011590541,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019598382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024730503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027951723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003896892},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2590165606","doi":"","title":"Particle Deposition from Natural Convection Flow through a Parallel Plate Channel with Axial Heat Sources Including Variable Properties and Brownian Diffusion Effect","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mechanical Engineering Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermophoresis; Mechanics; Particle deposition; Deposition (geology); Diffusion; Particle (ecology); Natural convection; Brownian motion; Materials science; Convection; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics; Heat transfer; Physics; Nanofluid; Geology","score_opus":0.027892449443926,"score_gpt":0.2408385386332292,"score_spread":0.21294608918930322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2590165606","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88533026,0.00059849303,0.112572856,0.00004628539,0.000023387007,0.00006186957,0.0001237458,0.00017009614,0.0010728879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96524763,0.00040521444,0.033272628,0.000005835761,0.000009598484,0.000024724253,0.000108631924,0.000012939093,0.00091282045],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998646,0.000022593325,0.0000063947236,0.000032200798,0.00006386798,0.000010285242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995547,0.0002955324,0.000054105607,0.000031321928,0.000052022435,0.000012286719],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036925648,0.00025600716,0.00030447595,0.000306949,0.00016709385,0.00030585795,0.00022135474,0.00030812382,0.0002193632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007596778,0.00017978047,0.0002614402,0.00025230987,0.00028551876,0.000329625,0.00019265557,0.00021147987,0.000053212672],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031475848,0.0000778121,0.0074015665,0.0005206543,0.000029619076,0.00024021823,0.00011234635,0.096543506,0.8633288,0.0010259788,0.00017988613,0.030224899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000023963972,0.00027757487,0.011838439,0.000011024578,0.000025072244,0.00024860544,0.00002523337,0.4050147,0.5813972,0.00042475498,0.00068303547,0.000030407282],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011413954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007654644,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011413954,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029443396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00034753495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0022694468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2592700591","doi":"10.18280/mmep.030302","title":"Mathematical Modelling for the Effects of Thermophoresis and Heat Generation/Absorption on MHD Convective Flow along an Inclined Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Dufour-Soret Effects","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermophoresis; Magnetohydrodynamics; Convection; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Convective flow; Absorption (acoustics); Materials science; Heat transfer; Physics; Plasma; Nanofluid; Composite material","score_opus":0.0190483207237132,"score_gpt":0.21746597067069123,"score_spread":0.19841764994697803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2592700591","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18817773,0.0025997632,0.7626075,0.0017584253,0.00057278964,0.00026925132,0.00021938901,0.00024658948,0.043548554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95550287,0.0011430647,0.024194878,0.00017898393,0.00017066034,0.00020743955,0.00009087105,0.0000927758,0.01841851],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970955,0.00011965216,0.000017797956,0.000028304574,0.00008594903,0.000038806826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999423,0.00031532158,0.00009768728,0.000032979788,0.00009968451,0.000031239797],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00081332977,0.0008697444,0.00075824256,0.0008570673,0.0007880443,0.0013803284,0.001018583,0.0015767824,0.0015466551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019077983,0.00041143037,0.0010181575,0.0004415016,0.0012102794,0.001191264,0.0009427633,0.0010513774,0.00033099292],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006235928,0.0000835469,0.0005558859,0.00018934182,0.000026740809,0.00023330856,0.0001924303,0.9181419,0.015413802,0.059519533,0.0005248149,0.0050564036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000065211543,0.000011438293,0.000114862865,0.0000057301336,0.000004031191,0.00001997718,0.000010985359,0.9972887,0.000618568,0.0015290161,0.0003834238,0.000006859995],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040275054,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024584902,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0040275054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085292297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009083672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008008122},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605063580","doi":"10.1111/vox.12517","title":"Bacteria can proliferate in thawed cryoprecipitate stored at room temperature for longer than 4 h","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vox Sanguinis","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Canadian Blood Services","funders":"Health Canada; Canadian Blood Services","keywords":"Cryoprecipitate; Microbiology; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Serratia; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bacteria; Chemistry; Food science; Biology; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas; Immunology","score_opus":0.014757824641893033,"score_gpt":0.24766348043498934,"score_spread":0.2329056557930963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2605063580","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99317414,0.00051393686,0.0048504034,0.00009630524,0.00005261704,0.000038787904,0.00022656233,0.000044554945,0.0010028128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99091786,0.00050647627,0.005368611,0.000121283614,0.000021110432,0.000058578833,0.0005308299,0.000023031429,0.0024522091],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996289,0.000050061175,0.000028240333,0.00008019536,0.00012809134,0.00008446699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997259,0.00010220163,0.000058946756,0.000025208317,0.000065540225,0.000022207641],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003351702,0.0003470051,0.00027275778,0.00017088305,0.00022240641,0.00049309805,0.0002032709,0.00040866988,0.0010845683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006201885,0.00013080159,0.0002473392,0.00016626138,0.00022468185,0.00035495148,0.0003014334,0.00044513054,0.00027449758],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011492882,0.00004244017,0.00249351,0.000041611762,0.000009418561,0.00009020945,0.00009075783,0.00014563683,0.993845,0.000052626983,0.000056414116,0.003017507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000038641297,0.0005116815,0.010689509,0.000019165305,0.00002349468,0.00011184287,0.0001490383,0.0012036702,0.9863034,0.000071836286,0.00090231793,0.000010128449],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001169327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015355934,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001169327,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00018135134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029545865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003628254},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2610924406","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2017.210","title":"Particle resuspension by a periodically forced impinging jet","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Vortex; Downwash; Mechanics; Turbulence; Physics; Jet (fluid); Vorticity; Wake; Azimuth; Vortex tube; Large eddy simulation; Lift (data mining); Optics","score_opus":0.011993018771391152,"score_gpt":0.24252939363009948,"score_spread":0.23053637485870834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2610924406","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99491477,0.00003702178,0.003744136,0.000041874384,0.000020947109,0.0000115963685,0.000035821806,0.00006156904,0.0011322199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99866974,0.000026609137,0.0008992369,0.000010168997,0.0000063322423,0.0000053335843,0.000032775246,0.000006750119,0.000343138],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999261,0.000011145372,0.0000048537295,0.000012689617,0.000019687435,0.000025545314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981755,0.000045159086,0.00005628732,0.0000150370515,0.000017982893,0.000048045153],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010580715,0.0004175195,0.00029336556,0.00026220857,0.0003746547,0.0007964643,0.00037708067,0.00055001,0.000734889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003950385,0.00022111746,0.00042295095,0.00014213745,0.0005360697,0.00031792498,0.00046203507,0.00041788904,0.00007993747],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040509328,0.00032810663,0.018954666,0.00006207977,0.00008052835,0.0019969505,0.00019353132,0.82968295,0.13953352,0.0031110733,0.0004570398,0.0051944614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000044421504,0.000111069065,0.004204687,0.0000032658122,0.000009714849,0.000045522793,0.000033405806,0.9907844,0.004371891,0.00026276024,0.00011679335,0.000012003802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00603735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00244265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00603735,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005311096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004012056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012004435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2618688882","doi":"10.11159/htff17.137","title":"Particle Temperature Measurements in a Flow Using Laser-Induced Phosphorescence","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Australian Research Council","keywords":"Phosphorescence; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Laser; Temperature measurement; Flow (mathematics); Optoelectronics; Optics; Mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Fluorescence","score_opus":0.0204366077047125,"score_gpt":0.2324934358007263,"score_spread":0.21205682809601378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2618688882","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886574,0.00032372304,0.009953396,0.00002603348,0.000020993191,0.000026482312,0.00016054991,0.000118316166,0.00071315415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914181,0.00031049296,0.0073396075,0.000018352806,0.000011453042,0.000028088834,0.00018805053,0.0000230286,0.00066275964],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979657,0.000028083296,0.000009821838,0.00006481888,0.000069376365,0.000031399923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99979097,0.0000904734,0.000037578855,0.000011200857,0.000048150614,0.000021653295],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003958315,0.0002665846,0.0003690142,0.00048673255,0.00042976116,0.00046509737,0.0003168511,0.0004255638,0.000774541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050694484,0.00020826401,0.00029774237,0.00030901493,0.00050277193,0.00042047698,0.00024525277,0.0006594782,0.00015289235],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017844902,0.000025612972,0.0008498955,0.000034367487,0.0000062560152,0.000033404398,0.00009544166,0.00034864663,0.9964462,0.000132449,0.000029606346,0.0018196454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003031499,0.0003078893,0.008058374,0.000007752747,0.000023763507,0.0000902891,0.000054100172,0.006775374,0.9839844,0.000066077955,0.00058088324,0.000020740781],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016970687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011073796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016970687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004459371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031702121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033743978},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2625332693","doi":"10.1299/jsmepes.2016.21.a112","title":"Supersonic wet steam jet using simplified de Laval nozzle","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shinpojiumu koen ronbunshu/Doryoku, enerugi gijutsu no saizensen koen ronbunshu","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Jet (fluid); Environmental science; Materials science; Mechanics; Petroleum engineering; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.014314649573211878,"score_gpt":0.2280151854150177,"score_spread":0.21370053584180582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2625332693","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7432879,0.0027082844,0.23734288,0.00025060461,0.00030048186,0.00023444697,0.0004564661,0.0016490144,0.013769815],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9234365,0.0006286335,0.07154219,0.000046388723,0.000033475822,0.00006295139,0.00027724882,0.000033674474,0.003938947],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978155,0.000012267468,0.000014734714,0.00004830783,0.000115223804,0.00002785341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985516,0.00002875836,0.000037956877,0.000026854073,0.000035460966,0.000015821752],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018244852,0.00023372119,0.00031554577,0.00021694704,0.00015710456,0.0003861085,0.0005008278,0.00041883643,0.0013756846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00023145658,0.00019198572,0.00033340717,0.00018125695,0.00021812618,0.00041061032,0.00031375253,0.00031013263,0.00035561403],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068406094,0.000036206442,0.0009388958,0.0001794409,0.000007779563,0.0001960085,0.00006797312,0.0032884986,0.97830164,0.003033871,0.00052059547,0.013360668],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000089134715,0.000770586,0.0063141426,0.000026024694,0.000020470055,0.0008116021,0.000045513403,0.09302897,0.8796347,0.0006224882,0.018570632,0.000065749016],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007207659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000703901,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013756846,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026506875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024270306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0046020746},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2733406729","doi":"10.1149/ma2008-01/3/74","title":"Removing Nano Contaminants Using a Supersonic Argon Particle Beam from a Contoured Laval Nozzle","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Nano-; Beam (structure); Argon; Particle (ecology); Particle beam; Materials science; Atomic physics; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Optics; Mechanics; Engineering; Composite material; Geology","score_opus":0.022840039279846704,"score_gpt":0.2294356162927195,"score_spread":0.2065955770128728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2733406729","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719053,0.0006214148,0.020598592,0.00033623318,0.00011512658,0.000096613665,0.00022834033,0.00047831546,0.0056199823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9670068,0.00040718363,0.024374083,0.00022791189,0.000022902801,0.000032095624,0.00023589656,0.00009706395,0.007596013],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997807,0.0000131656825,0.000009750697,0.000038871665,0.00012464558,0.0000328499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976426,0.00007585493,0.00003952128,0.000036463265,0.000062795385,0.000021031314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003121295,0.00018979903,0.00039448103,0.00021227158,0.00047820222,0.0005472586,0.00043780162,0.00060548796,0.001836145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036559333,0.00015740999,0.00028702233,0.00016378688,0.00025391203,0.00039478784,0.0003817076,0.00040504057,0.00062156754],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000104504994,0.000013469946,0.0003240513,0.000033846976,0.000004152323,0.00006189129,0.000038836548,0.00021064313,0.9947707,0.00013341443,0.00018801732,0.0041164006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020809863,0.00010345288,0.0013813035,0.0000048658667,0.0000064472283,0.000062697996,0.000025380183,0.0018854486,0.9943685,0.00004687205,0.002086637,0.000007534461],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015687003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018962261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001836145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031987013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004557588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0061425567},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2742515379","doi":"10.4036/iis.2017.s.01","title":"Vitrification of Biological Cells Using a Cryogenic Fine Solid Particulate Spray","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interdisciplinary Information Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","keywords":"Vitrification; Liquid nitrogen; Materials science; Nucleation; Heat transfer; Chemical engineering; Nozzle; Chemistry; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.05963139961676703,"score_gpt":0.3498603216189523,"score_spread":0.2902289220021853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2742515379","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9396279,0.0014974653,0.057518914,0.000076762546,0.000038094047,0.00004822184,0.00009135594,0.00007644264,0.0010248368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93722594,0.001552441,0.059444528,0.000031515217,0.000020464324,0.000041411357,0.00022236715,0.000035610854,0.0014256566],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999211,0.0000061713204,0.000005369386,0.000022784869,0.000037249963,0.0000074551663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999335,0.00001584596,0.000016313097,0.000012944461,0.000015043071,0.0000063888733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017531526,0.00017945198,0.00021364889,0.00013243553,0.00012548723,0.00022173497,0.00030724966,0.00018519413,0.00036146012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00014275314,0.0000989992,0.00020757926,0.00009150735,0.00027936403,0.00025088474,0.00026718917,0.00037953196,0.00010699597],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000044890903,0.0000031360664,0.000069408976,0.0000120170835,0.0000013922582,0.000012046068,0.000010654347,0.00013064034,0.9984577,0.00008478956,0.000004894103,0.0012087941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000028339146,0.00006564892,0.0007686904,0.0000025176457,0.0000054320194,0.0000884626,0.0000070937485,0.0016478964,0.99616975,0.000037220518,0.0012017187,0.0000026949238],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008451194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011598141,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008451194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002433073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022855615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0017653108},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2745157472","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2017.431","title":"Initial development of a free-surface wall jet at moderate Reynolds number","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Reynolds number; Physics; Laminar flow; Free surface; Jet (fluid); Inviscid flow; Open-channel flow; Turbulence; Inertia; Classical mechanics; Materials science","score_opus":0.02581741936248819,"score_gpt":0.2703720240928274,"score_spread":0.24455460473033921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2745157472","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807711,0.00019252584,0.013598203,0.00004969964,0.000020698142,0.000029476854,0.000038876213,0.00015860927,0.0051408038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954016,0.000061431725,0.0027393256,0.0000145782815,0.0000061143196,0.00001412609,0.00007299798,0.00004150685,0.0016483202],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998958,0.0000082255565,0.0000034573582,0.0000131014995,0.000036330253,0.00004306362],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997861,0.000045339682,0.00002671174,0.000018069311,0.00003609338,0.000087760425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017174406,0.00028016476,0.00041344337,0.00025518663,0.00049073435,0.0008302674,0.0002551538,0.00037732144,0.0010251304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004984774,0.00022562662,0.00028737553,0.00010908929,0.00063704036,0.0004489738,0.0004973182,0.0006834467,0.0002527088],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005901352,0.00019975168,0.010576043,0.00014849495,0.000016984575,0.0021808483,0.00073272537,0.04593155,0.9045342,0.020943671,0.0005548488,0.013590564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015038143,0.0018980764,0.06479218,0.00009791358,0.000034155015,0.0012350241,0.000660044,0.43365878,0.48289102,0.00760918,0.0068388344,0.00013447143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005747538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00042467407,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010251304,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035397624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000470257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0034294128},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2749686510","doi":"10.11159/ffhmt17.151","title":"Thermophoresis of an Aerosol Particle in a Microtube","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Thermophoresis; Aerosol; Particle (ecology); Environmental science; Materials science; Mechanics; Meteorology; Physics; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.022657163753624244,"score_gpt":0.2454594702712524,"score_spread":0.22280230651762814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2749686510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931594,0.00041921492,0.0017696528,0.00020369134,0.00004377231,0.000020789696,0.00007585519,0.000035865643,0.004271624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899232,0.0003096105,0.0037043039,0.00007222636,0.000044608176,0.000016514552,0.0000609854,0.000014812333,0.0058537787],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999374,0.000006542528,0.0000033343638,0.000019774763,0.000022154374,0.000010810595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999897,0.000045264303,0.000021444037,0.0000099894605,0.000013242709,0.000013027569],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014803722,0.00013951136,0.00013415406,0.0001888196,0.0005552449,0.0003729467,0.00023600955,0.00026146264,0.00081373175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013492006,0.000106959546,0.0001358686,0.000117077754,0.00029435032,0.00027238514,0.0001963739,0.0002693109,0.00023518539],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007241451,0.000026245989,0.0005989601,0.000037151476,0.000009757051,0.0003673671,0.00015399417,0.00045111869,0.9944794,0.0009879638,0.00022846065,0.0025871533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000033883083,0.00039882073,0.009279421,0.000015490983,0.000019351935,0.00028050857,0.00013934137,0.0120206075,0.9724778,0.00025804868,0.005057427,0.000019286032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00075770187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010819518,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00081373175,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030663048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022878441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0027221441},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2758764178","doi":"","title":"Particle-size distributions and their effect on entrainment in turbulent buoyant plumes","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2014 AGU Fall Meeting","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Entrainment (biomusicology); Turbulence; Neutral buoyancy; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Physics; Meteorology; Environmental science; Geology","score_opus":0.004941142658706608,"score_gpt":0.2012069029907065,"score_spread":0.1962657603319999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2758764178","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975758,0.00017354974,0.0012393144,0.00005000998,0.000014388334,0.0000048264887,0.0000442398,0.000036869,0.0008610016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99953055,0.000062070416,0.0001588777,0.0000063036196,0.000004809257,0.0000019656661,0.000028650027,0.000014030048,0.00019273069],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999045,0.000017139479,0.000005876259,0.000018516103,0.000026924816,0.000027094953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992304,0.00041060176,0.00010855378,0.000028357295,0.00011591516,0.0001062277],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028762224,0.00027794854,0.00022127289,0.0004380178,0.00035336852,0.00060524966,0.00020129204,0.000272,0.0006657886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017537462,0.00024572393,0.00023057309,0.00015760839,0.00033165878,0.00051652506,0.00039894125,0.00033591664,0.00013260827],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019853571,0.00021981561,0.019991454,0.00007699875,0.00006334337,0.00043336573,0.0001702223,0.034551606,0.925458,0.001315157,0.0003371001,0.0153974835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011986701,0.0005528172,0.1447719,0.000012366249,0.00006051297,0.00025075543,0.00017271371,0.29963398,0.55265945,0.000947874,0.0007121795,0.00010557273],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002795093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016063718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002795093,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000525685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017178009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0055576563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2761429865","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23047","title":"Interaction between a hollow‐cone spray and the co‐axial swirling stratified flow in a novel spray pyrolysis furnace","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Spray characteristics; Nozzle; Materials science; Mechanics; Volumetric flow rate; Spray nozzle; Flow (mathematics); Inlet; Mass flow rate; Residence time distribution; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Ligand cone angle; Mass flow; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Conical surface; Engineering; Physics; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.015481340482853597,"score_gpt":0.22953862166360545,"score_spread":0.21405728118075185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2761429865","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9778216,0.00028240393,0.020852165,0.00004902425,0.000034438308,0.000041560776,0.000030512247,0.000114237264,0.0007740649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879594,0.00014523028,0.01107995,0.00001519463,0.000011070396,0.000017191847,0.000021920325,0.000009871289,0.00074018654],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999798,0.00001849507,0.000008013274,0.000050302242,0.00009037348,0.000034869772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986815,0.00004233812,0.00002466468,0.000007595543,0.000029650391,0.000027485854],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031100315,0.00034620395,0.0006447914,0.00026934096,0.00045657172,0.00040070523,0.0004279571,0.00050646043,0.00045080885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028407504,0.0003455306,0.00043664334,0.0001655525,0.0005057908,0.00042401545,0.00041526373,0.00030711116,0.00009780872],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028760152,0.00007484603,0.001071314,0.00008583358,0.0000115,0.00042620552,0.00008377778,0.015745413,0.9769802,0.00088797434,0.00009595621,0.0042493725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002593969,0.0007744578,0.005911497,0.000015837732,0.00002962099,0.00040862602,0.00007794942,0.5141698,0.47633064,0.00054990913,0.0014102769,0.00006192142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027159462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017659501,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027159462,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042925143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00067154784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2763350003","doi":"","title":"Buoyant plumes with inertial and chemical reaction-driven forcing","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inertial frame of reference; Forcing (mathematics); Plume; Meteorology; Climatology; Geology; Physics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.0014067071639801366,"score_gpt":0.1292993928835468,"score_spread":0.12789268571956666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2763350003","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95335966,0.00043145576,0.04189339,0.00012274623,0.00003008847,0.00008273946,0.000067767585,0.00016278117,0.003849249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889854,0.00020262317,0.008937805,0.00003067598,0.000007459277,0.00003956803,0.00008165032,0.000014406175,0.0017003843],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998772,0.000016101361,0.0000059948975,0.000016393398,0.00006221868,0.000022071388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997569,0.00007338187,0.00005601157,0.000028050623,0.000061277424,0.000024420731],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020254693,0.00028863203,0.00016979047,0.00026569676,0.00025050828,0.00046673484,0.0003257506,0.00037999882,0.0005841244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007505042,0.00021447284,0.00044619985,0.00015866451,0.00039774508,0.0006066192,0.0005415218,0.00031906605,0.00010276682],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017118105,0.00007907571,0.009196923,0.0001735701,0.000033035984,0.0006148473,0.00034116933,0.08793918,0.87301934,0.011793,0.0002836524,0.01635508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001045161,0.00038081047,0.011194964,0.00002158005,0.000032780237,0.0005005652,0.00015044579,0.66972786,0.31071556,0.004065798,0.0030346038,0.00007054481],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031494955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017214788,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0031494955,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000531161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042708268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006262362},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2768089565","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-17-0123.1","title":"Turbulence Effects of Collision Efficiency and Broadening of Droplet Size Distribution in Cumulus Clouds","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Drizzle; Coalescence (physics); Collision; Physics; Mechanics; RADIUS; Stokes number; Turbulence kinetic energy; Computational physics; Dissipation; K-epsilon turbulence model; Clear-air turbulence; Meteorology; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Reynolds number; Computer science","score_opus":0.005702677391836743,"score_gpt":0.23419874439400415,"score_spread":0.2284960670021674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2768089565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.994379,0.00020686167,0.004924631,0.000013429761,0.0000056496415,0.000008410592,0.00003267214,0.000048570742,0.0003807785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994779,0.000051919662,0.00040417092,0.0000023595612,0.0000026759476,0.0000015468125,0.000019156108,0.0000047562107,0.00003559556],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99976915,0.000030099232,0.000012213631,0.00004455315,0.000078641104,0.000065385546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99958676,0.00018357283,0.000103663966,0.00003910754,0.000038633094,0.00004829694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003224445,0.00037207117,0.000304769,0.00061880925,0.000335614,0.00045509503,0.00030701573,0.00016823084,0.00028155156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011512723,0.00013398493,0.0002751537,0.0004236236,0.0004003499,0.00048134793,0.00044231862,0.00018770038,0.000037943886],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008227575,0.00019436928,0.122037575,0.0001435935,0.00014165528,0.0014297798,0.0003956174,0.303252,0.54088444,0.0043631876,0.00022231926,0.026112791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003570452,0.00020915762,0.13445908,0.000009770181,0.000042114843,0.00028000798,0.0001222379,0.7421137,0.12155974,0.0006106451,0.0005020355,0.00005580194],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0054754196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002055082,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0054754196,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006008375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002771309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010887146},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2778248736","doi":"10.2118/189443-pa","title":"Particle Removal From Sandbed Deposits in Horizontal Annuli Using Viscoelastic Fluids","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Viscoelasticity; Drag; Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Geotechnical engineering; Shear stress; Erosion; Geology; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.020987824200689762,"score_gpt":0.26397473864522936,"score_spread":0.2429869144445396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2778248736","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979857,0.00014874863,0.0016054207,0.000005305447,0.000003586635,0.000006116925,0.000009365211,0.0000106803,0.00022510292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99457043,0.00017857742,0.00421695,0.000012370846,0.0000034617672,0.000008366375,0.00004789654,0.000008999166,0.0009529785],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999858,0.000013533333,0.000008547422,0.000019783718,0.000060984188,0.00003903546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998266,0.000061431376,0.000045351033,0.000015207711,0.00002999728,0.000021470929],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020800543,0.00020178474,0.00025609334,0.00018260202,0.00017856748,0.0002665785,0.00018735744,0.00016017456,0.0005582008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028401142,0.00010181191,0.00019284285,0.0001027925,0.00016461623,0.00022318387,0.00022027973,0.00026546986,0.00014729687],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029526456,0.000016475784,0.00031198782,0.000020419227,0.000002435519,0.000017282699,0.000022996455,0.00018764246,0.99764305,0.000015001573,0.0000055483115,0.0017277296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000040957693,0.00035178845,0.0030428092,0.0000033113938,0.0000071335025,0.000021333171,0.000037396632,0.0018208873,0.9942449,0.000011101861,0.00045165882,0.0000035498028],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00067065214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00094608363,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00067065214,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001591568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015012558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018673539},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2786204985","doi":"10.5194/acp-18-7251-2018","title":"Bridging the condensation–collision size gap: a direct numerical simulation of continuous droplet growth in turbulent clouds","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Turbulence; Condensation; Collision; Direct numerical simulation; Mechanics; Adiabatic process; Cloud condensation nuclei; Physics; Computer simulation; Statistical physics; Work (physics); Meteorology; Aerosol; Thermodynamics; Computer science","score_opus":0.006811949474717241,"score_gpt":0.22076438756349628,"score_spread":0.21395243808877903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2786204985","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828022,0.00015517557,0.010694181,0.00017132575,0.000042965337,0.00010628082,0.00018705863,0.000101009246,0.0057397312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938909,0.000058644528,0.0052467748,0.00003320869,0.000009813952,0.000052316052,0.00008199735,0.000015227393,0.0006110728],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999864,0.000027565044,0.0000061385676,0.00001807282,0.00004298081,0.000041182517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999246,0.0004966841,0.00006169581,0.0000357394,0.00007901655,0.00008095851],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033754745,0.00046414754,0.00063463306,0.00035755476,0.0006547104,0.00075260224,0.001013557,0.0010516199,0.0010445392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011171263,0.00029458196,0.0004834696,0.0004561515,0.0009108255,0.0004656714,0.00073067396,0.00069239724,0.00007382533],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001944657,0.00026070725,0.006025669,0.000057633366,0.00003671647,0.00025779477,0.00010042872,0.98378974,0.004504293,0.0024336039,0.00020531974,0.002133621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003376157,0.000035535548,0.00039916008,0.0000020071927,0.0000033040162,0.0000061739333,0.000011542579,0.9988287,0.00047003676,0.00013454865,0.000071487695,0.0000037407322],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.021789448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00986447,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.021789448,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000898217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010558049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.043325245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790106329","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24169","title":"Unsteady Analysis of Particle-Laden Gas Flows When Hit by a Moving Shock Wave","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Riemann problem; Particle (ecology); Finite volume method; Particle velocity; Total variation diminishing; Physics; Shock wave; Real gas; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Geology; Mathematics; Riemann hypothesis","score_opus":0.014205609541539339,"score_gpt":0.21614396319276052,"score_spread":0.20193835365122118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2790106329","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97715753,0.00017419779,0.019774841,0.00009261249,0.000030730793,0.00003031917,0.00003486289,0.00013166857,0.0025733227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978982,0.000041707495,0.0012292548,0.00000929062,0.0000072064545,0.00000778028,0.000032122945,0.000009201931,0.00076530175],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982315,0.00003837334,0.0000071346635,0.000021972915,0.00006934586,0.000039983403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99969256,0.00014121295,0.000049837417,0.00002162007,0.000051453764,0.000043379434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002720018,0.00036257124,0.000392385,0.00072758435,0.00048114383,0.0008396771,0.00047313486,0.00069798785,0.00076844817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00088474713,0.0002720122,0.00034812305,0.00030352676,0.0011785075,0.0004300692,0.00047792765,0.00047738606,0.00011751801],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009726282,0.00021648791,0.011993341,0.000104083054,0.00010482548,0.002455284,0.0005526868,0.83001256,0.12856069,0.011361491,0.0006056737,0.013060313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000643012,0.00004594867,0.001849911,0.0000021999272,0.000004106773,0.000033986315,0.00004065461,0.99251044,0.005064941,0.00029424558,0.00013887875,0.000008154778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003873107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010541872,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003873107,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005199589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030552832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0077011585},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792498633","doi":"","title":"Numerical solution for turbulent film condensation from vapor-gas mixtures in vertical tubes","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Condensation; Turbulence; Mechanics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Tube (container); Water vapor; Meteorology; Physics; Composite material","score_opus":0.01268461176400473,"score_gpt":0.19768864156149626,"score_spread":0.18500402979749153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792498633","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8009856,0.0012601606,0.16056934,0.00094574626,0.0003939548,0.00026824165,0.0007347715,0.000820938,0.034021232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95752573,0.00025878524,0.031447805,0.00008177319,0.000084452906,0.00011808942,0.00029677033,0.00013483869,0.01005185],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987984,0.000022201255,0.0000054222583,0.000018218921,0.00004439246,0.000030033112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959224,0.00022606729,0.000038463757,0.000012916396,0.00008342893,0.000046847614],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026237764,0.0006226956,0.0005731764,0.0005052824,0.00075952837,0.0007105627,0.0010308101,0.001390505,0.002169123],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014038754,0.000469477,0.0004558077,0.00042464977,0.0008598661,0.00044234266,0.0007211252,0.0006722904,0.00021775567],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018468201,0.000078675934,0.0020017412,0.00014536502,0.00003550957,0.0002672907,0.00010075192,0.96194303,0.015921611,0.011925968,0.0009554287,0.0064399648],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026178948,0.000022210286,0.00031285238,0.0000034976306,0.0000028386278,0.0000101048645,0.000014001828,0.99777126,0.0012901329,0.0003287187,0.00021340558,0.0000047876474],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.029655952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016549086,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.029655952,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012754824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015051385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.058966696},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792915565","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23147","title":"Study of gas solid turbulent flow in a thermal reactor: Experimental and numerical comparison","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Extrapolation; Nuclear engineering; Flow (mathematics); Turbulence; Residence time distribution; Work (physics); Finite volume method; Mechanics; Environmental science; Control volume; Process engineering; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Thermal; Computer science; Materials science; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.013504231892249152,"score_gpt":0.2389080029287408,"score_spread":0.22540377103649165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2792915565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98230344,0.00040381463,0.013264428,0.00006949608,0.000031563515,0.000047519115,0.00019502167,0.00021949032,0.0034652587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952141,0.00008217514,0.004225831,0.000004527864,0.0000067023834,0.000017068405,0.000055960554,0.000011292699,0.00038241767],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998362,0.00004287044,0.000010410654,0.00003315416,0.00005126747,0.000026130407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994941,0.00029471773,0.000046986002,0.0000537441,0.00007148035,0.0000390672],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00043912948,0.00038631543,0.0005578479,0.0005617145,0.00041158905,0.0005165452,0.0005071933,0.00072578824,0.0010602312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007265977,0.00013177206,0.00036980462,0.0004989721,0.00092408713,0.00031619446,0.000310814,0.00042676748,0.00009310846],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011082448,0.001195414,0.012391972,0.0005077109,0.000063818035,0.0005118233,0.0005016617,0.7818987,0.17108425,0.0054258187,0.00053251866,0.02477808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000048507838,0.0003154132,0.004483122,0.000012540044,0.000011973304,0.000042215623,0.000056172445,0.9725753,0.021800872,0.00025361983,0.00037551415,0.000024823721],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038757701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012600524,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0038757701,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004627218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029583497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0077064037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2794998966","doi":"","title":"Vorticity component distributions in the near field of a wall jet","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Queen's University; University of Patras","keywords":"Component (thermodynamics); Jet (fluid); Vorticity; Field (mathematics); Physics; Mathematics; Mechanics; Vortex; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.00911123322852521,"score_gpt":0.1996884107290492,"score_spread":0.19057717750052397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2794998966","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99195075,0.00017439484,0.002786612,0.00010087598,0.000039062215,0.000018749803,0.0002157164,0.0001828404,0.0045310184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99792683,0.000106364576,0.0006498028,0.000017468843,0.00003081413,0.000008962089,0.0002519666,0.000032425938,0.00097533374],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999361,0.00000996899,0.0000022253942,0.000013321281,0.000016510598,0.000021775728],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937695,0.00015216864,0.000058473972,0.000020118801,0.00013394555,0.00025842874],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018960022,0.0003219392,0.00040166726,0.0013133767,0.0005089105,0.0011770221,0.00023374436,0.0003488059,0.0029079362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007756937,0.00020869775,0.0001916945,0.00055048225,0.0006794445,0.00066303415,0.00044403865,0.0005272168,0.0004115006],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0124559915,0.002109574,0.07170296,0.00040014257,0.00027443364,0.0067936587,0.001887419,0.12481008,0.6581351,0.022232927,0.012224347,0.086973384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006689888,0.0020083534,0.46200272,0.00014064378,0.00019125473,0.0017455501,0.0014695264,0.4670805,0.049736094,0.010749942,0.0038774177,0.00032906004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011923676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00068853033,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029079362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032955618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027660455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0097280145},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795749216","doi":"10.1063/1.5010989","title":"Momentum balance and stresses in a suspension of spherical particles in a plane Couette flow","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Stokes number; Particle (ecology); Couette flow; Shear flow; Inertia; Viscosity; Suspension (topology); Reynolds stress; Two-phase flow; Volume fraction; Classical mechanics; Turbulence; Flow (mathematics); Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.010798390693683876,"score_gpt":0.2307163813845259,"score_spread":0.21991799069084203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2795749216","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99802184,0.000053833377,0.0015299118,0.000030491687,0.000004568995,0.0000053518634,0.000030316758,0.000013226097,0.0003105274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99814355,0.00007964088,0.0013748313,0.000011250197,0.000003149533,0.0000068481404,0.000088918714,0.000004993968,0.00028683612],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998807,0.000013423801,0.000009624899,0.000026158248,0.00003553632,0.000034516674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997086,0.000112260546,0.00007653766,0.000018324772,0.00004483372,0.00003952436],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026587135,0.0002482888,0.00039218552,0.00036837693,0.0004448534,0.00093161466,0.0002785101,0.00044047378,0.0003855259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006761476,0.00018055404,0.00033051425,0.0003491279,0.00071188505,0.0004390177,0.0002495471,0.00039122693,0.00008762365],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004928531,0.0002516928,0.015587818,0.000102679776,0.000092977345,0.00056646223,0.00061844755,0.3663536,0.6038906,0.0031053603,0.00018459496,0.008752867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000052262156,0.0003415964,0.013768436,0.000008978461,0.000032870168,0.000059163427,0.00014699363,0.87973374,0.104804225,0.0005590162,0.0004505746,0.000042107953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005421168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028138997,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005421168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007155952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053023145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010779202},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797831366","doi":"","title":"Stereophotography of rain drops and compound poisson - cascade processes","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"12th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation/12th Conference on Cloud Physics (10-14 July 2006)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Cascade; Poisson distribution; Environmental science; Mathematics; Statistics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.014524118119885323,"score_gpt":0.22993303887825614,"score_spread":0.21540892075837081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2797831366","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79494756,0.00045470605,0.18095642,0.00030054108,0.00013258534,0.00012760461,0.0021135062,0.0013247355,0.0196423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9828818,0.00015270307,0.014701946,0.000018562334,0.00003286074,0.000010963294,0.00048735793,0.00010857368,0.0016053251],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998808,0.000013934418,0.0000027546018,0.000026472175,0.00004928684,0.000026868978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971825,0.000072591814,0.000038661878,0.000038462662,0.000095121235,0.000037009082],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023573879,0.00021229548,0.0002719212,0.001171424,0.00029064566,0.0005466479,0.0003804053,0.00029814287,0.003491118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006920198,0.0002713954,0.0002870237,0.0010313165,0.00027261453,0.00044935828,0.00031972225,0.00039040358,0.00030083483],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010694822,0.00024911267,0.0436638,0.00027176546,0.00015533154,0.0016192449,0.0010333387,0.4742069,0.22160698,0.03351353,0.011361438,0.21124908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054398926,0.00003322043,0.052641284,0.000016857177,0.000017512131,0.00031510447,0.00014502964,0.92887163,0.010354616,0.0048605166,0.0026534838,0.000036400183],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011456953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.017786246,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011456953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060172554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005220989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022780538},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800979397","doi":"10.1007/s00193-018-0820-6","title":"Numerical investigation of particle–blast interaction during explosive dispersal of liquids and granular materials","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Shock Waves","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","keywords":"Overpressure; Explosive material; Blast wave; Mechanics; Materials science; Detonation; Shock wave; Particle (ecology); Granular material; Porosity; Physics; Composite material; Geology; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.010719821192617508,"score_gpt":0.2282376992279258,"score_spread":0.2175178780353083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2800979397","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.988172,0.00019331381,0.0054463763,0.00022104771,0.00004374118,0.00003885378,0.00009090902,0.00007380582,0.0057199458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99800724,0.00004667783,0.0010792629,0.000018632489,0.000008016256,0.000010651257,0.00003674903,0.000011615087,0.00078134215],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998714,0.000024514395,0.000008241828,0.000018072922,0.00003300541,0.000044743752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991202,0.00052624726,0.00012190097,0.000040387968,0.00007724062,0.00011400388],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000271075,0.00043630655,0.0006850087,0.00082065666,0.0010148102,0.0009036797,0.0008274481,0.0016317896,0.0019214236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016511416,0.00037891322,0.0004833793,0.00053879054,0.0012674213,0.0006440762,0.00074053276,0.0007802756,0.00015006789],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046706732,0.0003502454,0.008274413,0.00013459571,0.00008166439,0.0012439311,0.00020488743,0.96210325,0.01846242,0.0039540366,0.00045243523,0.004271105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003098623,0.00005373906,0.0021832965,0.000005316951,0.000009346823,0.00005209383,0.000065654865,0.9956483,0.0015867598,0.00024661666,0.000107486674,0.000010450829],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008515115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0044661956,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008515115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00080772984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00059070846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016931117},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802863136","doi":"10.1007/s11663-018-1272-1","title":"Effect of Shrouding Gas Temperature on Characteristics of a Supersonic Jet Flow Field with a Shrouding Laval Nozzle Structure","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supersonic speed; Jet (fluid); Nozzle; Mechanics; Kinetic energy; Materials science; Turbulence kinetic energy; Turbulence; Physics; Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.004291050292424664,"score_gpt":0.20732892084233004,"score_spread":0.20303787054990538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2802863136","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99844664,0.00006147508,0.0008944615,0.000017952209,0.000008243705,0.000003976622,0.00003713995,0.000055937257,0.00047415486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99959606,0.000020119125,0.00018597933,0.0000040127425,0.0000025273487,0.0000013301957,0.000024072737,0.000011131848,0.00015477392],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998661,0.00002259892,0.000005727678,0.00003224879,0.000031489042,0.00004180912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849486,0.0009192443,0.00019210564,0.000073288546,0.00016977226,0.00015072234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024872593,0.00020785612,0.00022876085,0.00025784288,0.00024150434,0.00037140082,0.0003117928,0.00033032367,0.0015728342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011344224,0.0001921465,0.00019300896,0.00018554709,0.000537112,0.00040964986,0.00016887224,0.00028834573,0.00011658613],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0030527941,0.0001786457,0.0055315793,0.00008441579,0.000025428244,0.00047556125,0.0002260642,0.01712428,0.96581465,0.00033781052,0.000257994,0.006890789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012477912,0.0018273474,0.041056592,0.00001754014,0.00006197586,0.00019796331,0.00017482584,0.0757129,0.8801107,0.00009651329,0.00056515157,0.00005370299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011722149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00071300124,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015728342,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033922418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022813596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005261719},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805425493","doi":"10.1029/2017ms001240","title":"An Economical Model for Simulating Turbulence Enhancement of Droplet Collisions and Coalescence","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; McGill University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Turbulence; Coalescence (physics); Mechanics; Physics; Microscale chemistry; Collision; Eddy; Inertia; Direct numerical simulation; Stokes number; Advection; Kolmogorov microscales; Large eddy simulation; Statistical physics; K-epsilon turbulence model; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; K-omega turbulence model; Reynolds number; Mathematics; Computer science","score_opus":0.020582059776580505,"score_gpt":0.2928197587428924,"score_spread":0.2722376989663119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2805425493","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6045164,0.00016753328,0.38256833,0.00025009268,0.00008925366,0.00024185736,0.00058776187,0.00091211754,0.010666634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9498388,0.00006670933,0.047761388,0.000047793284,0.000017754826,0.00024211321,0.00020450898,0.0000955619,0.0017254335],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998066,0.000046206223,0.000010377198,0.000023057275,0.00007852646,0.00003529235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926573,0.00035213315,0.00010172217,0.000072220544,0.00013426007,0.0000739239],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00057938776,0.00044909277,0.00039337002,0.0005894495,0.00058910745,0.0007095963,0.0010794413,0.0007018817,0.0011872369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014901125,0.00031887114,0.0004550688,0.00041746316,0.0006167123,0.0005134443,0.0008779592,0.0005155951,0.00013208027],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044072014,0.000027975806,0.0016540954,0.000013311509,0.000012904283,0.000067092675,0.000022011342,0.9873346,0.003571996,0.0050002327,0.00021482642,0.0020368584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005195483,0.000007444024,0.00008397408,6.197952e-7,0.0000012202821,0.0000029799776,0.000001780964,0.9990982,0.00048741535,0.00017563536,0.00013366311,0.0000018289732],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009987275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054179993,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009987275,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011482986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014034356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019858241},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805862632","doi":"10.2118/191133-pa","title":"Assessment of the Equivalent Sandbed Roughness and the Interfacial Friction Factor in Hole Cleaning With Water in a Fully Eccentric Horizontal Annulus","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Annulus (botany); Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Bed load; Materials science; Surface finish; Surface roughness; Turbulence; Geotechnical engineering; Shape factor; Computational fluid dynamics; Shear velocity; Erosion; Flow (mathematics); Velocimetry; Friction factor; Geology; Reynolds number; Composite material; Sediment transport; Geometry; Sediment; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.008182966843496472,"score_gpt":0.23766410140883748,"score_spread":0.229481134565341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2805862632","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99882835,0.000049884165,0.0010620861,0.000002158936,0.0000012924648,0.0000027189935,0.0000036604492,0.000005232387,0.000044493827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985631,0.00003273729,0.0012813214,0.0000028609618,9.4376e-7,0.000002721903,0.00001034624,0.0000025944878,0.00010327889],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998103,0.000024080857,0.000011604067,0.00004424546,0.00006817989,0.00004167606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976236,0.000081338396,0.00006240465,0.000029017427,0.0000440322,0.000020895324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034446694,0.0001854774,0.00037753946,0.00017260267,0.00020629657,0.00027759315,0.0001954953,0.00021052785,0.00030077345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00057915144,0.00012173582,0.00016121712,0.0001047086,0.00031845583,0.00028215724,0.0002457373,0.00015384496,0.000048298545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016712054,0.00003483408,0.004507943,0.000033563054,0.000008050187,0.00009313224,0.00007373222,0.0014836794,0.99007726,0.00003843116,0.000010594232,0.003471658],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003042056,0.0020538804,0.0972276,0.000009778491,0.000049446808,0.00016548816,0.00046951624,0.037499603,0.86163044,0.00009352498,0.00074082735,0.00002960476],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010351697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011830876,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010351697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016376612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010557514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020582676},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2808156806","doi":"10.1139/tcsme-2017-0058","title":"New solid particle seeding generator for laser-based velocity measurements in reacting flows","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Manitoba Hydro","keywords":"Seeding; Seeder; Agglomerate; Materials science; Volumetric flow rate; Generator (circuit theory); Range (aeronautics); Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Laser; Flow (mathematics); Flow velocity; Optics; Composite material; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Physics; Thermodynamics; Power (physics); Geology","score_opus":0.031011499819878576,"score_gpt":0.23992820647490692,"score_spread":0.20891670665502834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2808156806","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.14069314,0.0008267719,0.8486832,0.00023814572,0.00035395703,0.00083474576,0.0002968484,0.0050595035,0.0030137417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.47920617,0.00038770912,0.51447517,0.00017710034,0.00011324482,0.00085194915,0.00032917503,0.00026685713,0.004192583],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896777,0.0001174022,0.000061309926,0.000169235,0.0006260239,0.000058284375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99854565,0.00056205236,0.00027294565,0.00014342733,0.00035891237,0.00011701197],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012543919,0.0005562302,0.0008054743,0.00073181506,0.00034966203,0.0005246331,0.0013345369,0.0007766533,0.0013614115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013309428,0.00051445863,0.00024181795,0.00047138418,0.00060693675,0.0010349882,0.00075446424,0.0009002099,0.0005268556],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021662953,0.000096242606,0.0007912422,0.00015987722,0.00001253199,0.00022535468,0.00011890419,0.0023384436,0.9554887,0.0035891202,0.00093402824,0.036028817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010932435,0.0007065674,0.0012831752,0.000019004376,0.00001943028,0.00043919112,0.000016071594,0.06327874,0.92153907,0.00078557176,0.011729083,0.00007470746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00026025268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000366031,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013614115,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006174016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000591101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0066339374},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810787305","doi":"10.1063/1.5044930","title":"Suppression of jet formation during explosive dispersal of concentric particle layers","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Particle (ecology); Explosive material; Composite material; Silicon carbide; Jet (fluid); Volume fraction; Microscale chemistry; Shock wave; Brittleness; Mechanics; Chemistry; Physics","score_opus":0.01752516776886465,"score_gpt":0.23471542741292473,"score_spread":0.21719025964406008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2810787305","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979518,0.00025367754,0.0014556076,0.0000074409595,0.000004497174,0.000007356479,0.000014576821,0.000022268585,0.0002827679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982987,0.00012307618,0.0012505186,0.000007625241,0.0000017133009,0.000004257134,0.000040684878,0.000007379649,0.0002660571],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998691,0.000012513335,0.000010144466,0.00003097724,0.000045712244,0.00003142575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966073,0.00009230812,0.00011898125,0.000029385003,0.000055006636,0.000043597778],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014791249,0.00025666092,0.00025467257,0.00013398429,0.000100907506,0.00029296757,0.00023265,0.00016271562,0.000374841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042017328,0.0001702533,0.00017273899,0.00008978938,0.0002263571,0.00020126498,0.00030946865,0.00022260538,0.0000796039],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057393,0.000007682615,0.0003284675,0.000022664839,0.000004550679,0.000039516646,0.000020661993,0.00013241248,0.99837506,0.000020173986,0.0000049766822,0.0009865463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007575132,0.00022595537,0.005000098,0.0000029841474,0.000008996722,0.000087989334,0.000019402158,0.0014270098,0.99298483,0.000009024116,0.0002235115,0.0000025704944],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00064598804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00071344816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00064598804,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017008651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013058339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0012844801},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2811456569","doi":"","title":"Removing nano contaminants using a supersonic Argon particle beam from a contoured Laval nozzle","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Argon; Beam (structure); Particle beam; Nano-; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Physics; Engineering; Atomic physics; Optics; Aerospace engineering; Composite material; Biology","score_opus":0.029774295974691715,"score_gpt":0.27332084939300616,"score_spread":0.24354655341831444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2811456569","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9493362,0.00066042336,0.03942364,0.0006199085,0.00021872022,0.00015818003,0.00040399353,0.0011463657,0.008032598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94627523,0.00035800025,0.045178004,0.00030419618,0.00003404287,0.000065793945,0.00034121255,0.00017788266,0.007265691],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999619,0.000018534978,0.000021170861,0.00007909777,0.00020876885,0.000053332173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997403,0.00006548013,0.000054017433,0.0000495055,0.00006251204,0.000028104729],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045866147,0.00029529928,0.0004922363,0.00031019264,0.0007096193,0.0006475707,0.0006187553,0.0009208776,0.0018862286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037713244,0.00025612337,0.0003922152,0.00024847375,0.000332859,0.0005694803,0.0006325359,0.0006692312,0.00066741114],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008657334,0.000015872112,0.0003711476,0.0000422821,0.000004364481,0.00010190768,0.00005846181,0.00019546365,0.9955205,0.00029414432,0.0002385716,0.0030708476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021497572,0.0000880834,0.0009950222,0.0000053758436,0.000006487128,0.000076108234,0.000027336948,0.0023207497,0.9936606,0.00006683754,0.002720299,0.00001167654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00097069674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011362041,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018862286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042534253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073615735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0063100457},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884207209","doi":"10.1063/1.5031767","title":"Experimental study of turbulence decay in dense suspensions using index-matched hydrogel particles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Suspension (topology); Physics; Particle (ecology); Volume (thermodynamics); Volume fraction; Attenuation; Optics; Mechanics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.030834783748736123,"score_gpt":0.28903167462619794,"score_spread":0.25819689087746184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2884207209","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773531,0.0002689581,0.021750804,0.000027994312,0.000024901483,0.00004590811,0.000060340804,0.00006788973,0.0004000373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98258656,0.00024849278,0.01640143,0.000035058056,0.00001940443,0.00006261706,0.00012524733,0.000018645618,0.00050236715],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997528,0.000032232896,0.000023794877,0.00006364791,0.00009252631,0.00003502374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994831,0.00019056746,0.00015385526,0.000034929308,0.000077325436,0.00006020664],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044031322,0.0003130853,0.00021170241,0.00021100172,0.00025610067,0.00021773408,0.00021749134,0.00022027931,0.000304604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005412976,0.00011249233,0.0001573297,0.00020151501,0.00032755744,0.0003430628,0.0003693984,0.00055446936,0.00007263402],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000028761033,0.000022964125,0.00022646673,0.0000121683415,0.0000014989593,0.000017326465,0.00003456815,0.000098922974,0.9986186,0.00005095446,0.000008012199,0.0008796508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010271314,0.00038868314,0.0027811239,0.0000037982088,0.000006803909,0.000035001565,0.00002490502,0.0032834588,0.99316555,0.00006016073,0.00023177963,0.000008522578],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007182337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005874705,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007182337,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032769676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002181368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023775697},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886657262","doi":"10.1115/1.4041121","title":"Experimental Investigation on the Motion of Particle Cloud in Viscous Fluids","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Drag coefficient; Drag; Particle (ecology); Head (geology); Viscosity; Magnetosphere particle motion; Materials science; Nozzle; Physics; Mass ratio; Thermodynamics; Geology; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.018642082969525735,"score_gpt":0.23147470523365063,"score_spread":0.2128326222641249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2886657262","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926721,0.00025579805,0.005715111,0.0000312702,0.000019576231,0.00005071111,0.00023028997,0.00006536777,0.00095981057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99259263,0.00029323256,0.0063138157,0.00001314068,0.000010142358,0.00005425783,0.00022475631,0.000009249027,0.00048871624],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999619,0.000040888543,0.00003209106,0.000082940176,0.00012875033,0.00009643082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992849,0.0003229609,0.00009035761,0.00007376264,0.00016678087,0.000061247265],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00046369893,0.00043612605,0.00045013512,0.0004553148,0.0006997792,0.00032713584,0.0004759067,0.00050471997,0.0009843619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010967844,0.0001862469,0.0002488868,0.00050708593,0.0004463447,0.0004789079,0.0003869053,0.0003806625,0.00014336809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005211981,0.00030443096,0.0060841697,0.00023094554,0.000015703516,0.00039014104,0.00039782337,0.0060221623,0.97525513,0.00054590724,0.00019321634,0.010039274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010135967,0.004170941,0.02363219,0.000036421792,0.00004872106,0.00035839845,0.00047970648,0.06116414,0.9069186,0.00031982097,0.0026826924,0.00008694186],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012045089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00095018983,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012045089,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002497968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029330378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0032930374},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891566413","doi":"10.1007/s10494-018-9984-5","title":"Turbulent Flow of Polymer Fluids Over the Sand Bed in Horizontal Concentric Annulus","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Annulus (botany); Turbulence; Concentric; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Materials science; Geometry; Composite material; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0065762398738683165,"score_gpt":0.21217084428202476,"score_spread":0.20559460440815644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2891566413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968291,0.00009224727,0.001516188,0.00003932379,0.000013736842,0.000008945453,0.000031287203,0.00003366045,0.0014355205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99881494,0.00004439481,0.0003405047,0.000004518758,0.0000062671684,0.0000028396464,0.00002744235,0.000003903803,0.0007552763],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991107,0.000014207621,0.000006632941,0.000022899289,0.000018712932,0.000026466312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997795,0.000076803844,0.000034226246,0.000011608968,0.000033923352,0.000063902444],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013056546,0.000366946,0.00050842686,0.0005808242,0.00068124384,0.0009934376,0.0003022611,0.00045176045,0.00078107207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005965431,0.00019371492,0.00026247645,0.0003792511,0.0010487265,0.0004869997,0.0005643847,0.0003137989,0.000112534275],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0042556524,0.00075622275,0.037794556,0.0002828137,0.0001330454,0.0035527411,0.00073867384,0.70472133,0.21398045,0.017759064,0.00074191124,0.015283625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00022779811,0.0006868465,0.03624503,0.000022509512,0.000056699217,0.00025596257,0.00040730924,0.9256959,0.034378838,0.0013360698,0.00062599755,0.000061044055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005956005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017477167,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005956005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075440353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00065468164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011842668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896076660","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.3.104003","title":"Plastron morphology and drag of a superhydrophobic surface in turbulent regime","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Drag; Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Parasitic drag; Particle tracking velocimetry; Physics; Surface (topology); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Mechanics; Optics; Geometry; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.009694592610939185,"score_gpt":0.26284028439827317,"score_spread":0.253145691787334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2896076660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982279,0.000049737737,0.00064484426,0.000024278434,0.000005542444,0.000003571533,0.0000565277,0.000028773367,0.0009587286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99827695,0.00007288443,0.00085862423,0.000014857544,0.0000025117936,0.0000052739033,0.00009930675,0.0000089972145,0.00066060043],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999707,0.0000012895673,9.4759025e-7,0.0000074075415,0.000009225026,0.000010520511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999279,0.000019209396,0.000018784787,0.000005586299,0.000008834447,0.0000196502],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000039381135,0.0001056405,0.00011040064,0.00017013599,0.0001785973,0.00024830774,0.00012936202,0.00019611961,0.0009189331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009180443,0.00010373614,0.00009533161,0.00009336728,0.00025342876,0.00015770731,0.000117533025,0.00031028906,0.000117381154],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007201221,0.000023090222,0.0007524307,0.000009279514,0.0000023517216,0.00011822921,0.000051492494,0.000640027,0.99722916,0.0002411977,0.00008334448,0.0007772736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000038259564,0.00042695086,0.05762889,0.000014163239,0.000015853544,0.0003550907,0.00025065348,0.03024539,0.90920794,0.00034252624,0.0014376082,0.000036624075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001100209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009548677,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001100209,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00016522607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012787998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0030741096},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2899287142","doi":"10.1063/1.5065134","title":"Spherical particles velocity in a supersonic jet flowing out from an ejector nozzle used in cold spray","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Injector; Mechanics; Supersonic speed; Jet (fluid); Acceleration; Materials science; Spray characteristics; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Spray nozzle; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.031245533614890093,"score_gpt":0.2628302071121137,"score_spread":0.2315846734972236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2899287142","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79047334,0.00044716714,0.20632638,0.000049980335,0.000055730565,0.00004003864,0.000071774484,0.00027796673,0.0022575886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9822427,0.00023517694,0.016655419,0.000008742692,0.000007058003,0.0000113646665,0.000055605095,0.000023674798,0.0007602559],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990225,0.00001577424,0.0000045292977,0.000018180937,0.00004758967,0.000011678912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998938,0.000045429835,0.000017370012,0.000010411213,0.000024906842,0.000008002517],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002595185,0.00027899406,0.00031280215,0.00030346168,0.00016632925,0.00039732427,0.00042852777,0.0003501062,0.0002558561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004456027,0.00016521063,0.00038868553,0.00016034984,0.00033293167,0.00034752087,0.0001897782,0.00031824884,0.000090515554],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030559459,0.000092315415,0.009369146,0.00016838788,0.000037521353,0.00051757845,0.00041472333,0.25397447,0.6925986,0.009450588,0.00036859987,0.032702506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000034723587,0.00025132872,0.0056796717,0.0000070967662,0.000018107976,0.00009846558,0.000042316336,0.8671595,0.12532112,0.0005080704,0.0008536908,0.000025877225],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033180807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014680366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033180807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000429788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033498876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006597519},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2899605662","doi":"10.1007/s00348-018-2634-9","title":"A modular, 3D-printed helium-filled soap bubble generator for large-scale volumetric flow measurements","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Soap bubble; Nozzle; Seeding; Materials science; Bubble; Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Volumetric flow rate; Optics; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Turbulence; Engineering","score_opus":0.030940379874836044,"score_gpt":0.2840438232406349,"score_spread":0.2531034433657988,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2899605662","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41817707,0.0005433654,0.56240094,0.00045887398,0.0005701538,0.00064131146,0.0018957232,0.010448703,0.0048638373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.689633,0.00026205397,0.30282086,0.0002662117,0.00010321079,0.00072496943,0.0007421149,0.00044837024,0.0049991943],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995839,0.000023664612,0.0000155627,0.00009286141,0.00025447944,0.00002940506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999537,0.00017841965,0.000062302475,0.00008377416,0.00008545448,0.00005306248],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004070078,0.00047995968,0.00051663903,0.00045232294,0.00026984347,0.00029737724,0.00093954004,0.0006848012,0.0017392351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005075071,0.00044400265,0.00036403837,0.00022745808,0.0003525463,0.00046741668,0.00042842425,0.0006959086,0.00084420556],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002846816,0.000026144166,0.00012871825,0.000036969177,0.000004834275,0.00004100819,0.000012967603,0.0002521922,0.9938309,0.00014627786,0.00022312666,0.005268389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020821986,0.00010550183,0.0009805752,0.0000024765743,0.0000078436215,0.00012970946,0.0000054738925,0.00865325,0.9871307,0.00010539503,0.002839201,0.00001899233],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00032152666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007565478,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017392351,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028800915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003838055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0058183074},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900903660","doi":"10.1063/1.5075558","title":"Simulation of swirling wet steam flow through a supersonic nozzle","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","keywords":"Nozzle; Mechanics; Discharge coefficient; Inlet; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Supersonic speed; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.02800740689005725,"score_gpt":0.26298672794958294,"score_spread":0.23497932105952568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2900903660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840461,0.00008064667,0.011960014,0.00004293873,0.000021526597,0.00004764397,0.0002256735,0.000101165744,0.0034743126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940767,0.00006252539,0.004448627,0.000010252851,0.000002109936,0.000034891476,0.00014355934,0.00001277939,0.001208492],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999877,0.000020404712,0.000007512332,0.000019030713,0.000036944915,0.00003910767],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971014,0.00016366645,0.00003491862,0.000016471924,0.00004872778,0.000026045884],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002901924,0.00031436663,0.0004860619,0.00026816153,0.0003102663,0.00054185325,0.00045125274,0.00087062124,0.0013789049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000748515,0.00018282188,0.0005037337,0.00028297945,0.00042409432,0.00029902192,0.0003163422,0.00032323183,0.00010744512],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002197521,0.000077899786,0.0025880598,0.00008437808,0.00001724677,0.0003019077,0.00013933383,0.9648438,0.028126854,0.0009613121,0.00010700051,0.0025323653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019611896,0.00014765718,0.0011777944,0.0000050307126,0.0000047191616,0.000019575438,0.0000443179,0.9912158,0.0070370887,0.00010919106,0.00021120337,0.00000809945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008534403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0038665636,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008534403,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058474217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006631716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016969442},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901557657","doi":"10.1029/2018jc014495","title":"Oil Droplets Transport Under a Deep‐Water Plunging Breaker: Impact of Droplet Inertia","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Lagrangian particle tracking; Mechanics; Circuit breaker; Turbulence; Entrainment (biomusicology); Inertia; Computational fluid dynamics; Physics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.023650824441155408,"score_gpt":0.3307164952271788,"score_spread":0.30706567078602337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2901557657","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987664,0.00001310791,0.0007992397,0.00001310871,0.000003283735,0.00000826939,0.000045781566,0.000019119027,0.00033167598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99932134,0.0000124450635,0.00038967805,0.000003923493,6.7795077e-7,0.0000052936525,0.000040818206,0.0000041035355,0.00022166109],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992585,0.0000044241438,0.0000049801315,0.000017781074,0.000014982778,0.00003186559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998584,0.0000516994,0.00002629771,0.000009848596,0.000019948859,0.000033798147],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012143994,0.00041195742,0.00038912895,0.0002470048,0.00042421828,0.0007227672,0.00047495862,0.0006696941,0.0011118747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036468238,0.00022325454,0.00050457806,0.00014986498,0.00032468248,0.00044241388,0.0005030696,0.00059545017,0.000109806184],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005703182,0.00028946676,0.030028911,0.00008294556,0.000055366745,0.0008343184,0.00015737179,0.69439644,0.26697725,0.0005959871,0.00013105414,0.0058805714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006634473,0.00035727108,0.009389197,0.000005206343,0.000018053719,0.00003389795,0.000099776065,0.96067256,0.029098969,0.000097434815,0.00014254636,0.00001889523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015988361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005364464,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015988361,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009435815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006048673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031790555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2906374250","doi":"10.1002/ceat.201800208","title":"Aerosol Generation of Nonspherical Particles by Desublimation of Copper Phthalocyanine","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering & Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Scanning mobility particle sizer; Aerosol; Scanning electron microscope; Copper; Nozzle; Particle (ecology); Adiabatic process; Differential mobility analyzer; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Materials science; Particle size; Particle-size distribution; Chemistry; Composite material; Metallurgy; Chromatography; Thermodynamics; Physical chemistry","score_opus":0.010458836928096234,"score_gpt":0.21030518733329892,"score_spread":0.19984635040520268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2906374250","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9719464,0.00036905223,0.025672674,0.000045397468,0.00004470605,0.00018732324,0.00011915724,0.00028502318,0.0013301963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880953,0.000103889965,0.010496203,0.000022519393,0.0000130445405,0.0000665209,0.00009198454,0.000051160743,0.0010593846],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998246,0.000024873596,0.000007896791,0.000040182385,0.00008125903,0.000021181133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99984825,0.00005076957,0.000033345674,0.000018790673,0.000027442302,0.000021382933],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024294037,0.00025268784,0.00023268418,0.00019948513,0.00010380322,0.00020420586,0.00034985307,0.00020531853,0.0006476362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027062363,0.00009402873,0.00014714006,0.00008639034,0.0002405291,0.000209069,0.0002441581,0.0002615923,0.00015794071],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000313434,0.00002535682,0.00016507466,0.000031608484,0.000002959785,0.00007019741,0.000015447144,0.00018917584,0.9973908,0.00014416588,0.000052980766,0.0018808095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013674643,0.0001325572,0.00068797945,0.000001232501,0.0000022667214,0.000048266396,0.0000038053631,0.0020863665,0.99640083,0.000018109533,0.00060246,0.0000024243068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00016412252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00017423322,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006476362,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002202495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013133965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0021665692},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912850142","doi":"10.1016/j.ces.2018.12.051","title":"Mass transfer towards a reactive particle in a fluid flow: Numerical simulations and modeling","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Mass transfer; Thiele modulus; Sherwood number; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Mass transfer coefficient; Schmidt number; Particle (ecology); Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Reynolds number; Convection; Flow (mathematics); Churchill–Bernstein equation; Diffusion; Turbulence; Physics; Nusselt number","score_opus":0.011493406501449246,"score_gpt":0.22844099602750614,"score_spread":0.2169475895260569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2912850142","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8611185,0.00086505694,0.10273976,0.0012339792,0.00032611337,0.00018949834,0.00029204943,0.0003269579,0.032908104],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846208,0.0002189887,0.009933657,0.00008543069,0.000049942228,0.000080005426,0.00008076129,0.00006128406,0.0048692804],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998036,0.000056881418,0.00000997656,0.00003486754,0.00005819834,0.000036435817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99930274,0.0004257894,0.00007342161,0.000049098417,0.00009528466,0.000053633776],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049707416,0.00058162224,0.00074025337,0.00064429967,0.0011245998,0.001549101,0.0011403142,0.0029483682,0.0019313708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020916746,0.00049287785,0.00063508685,0.0007080987,0.0015137079,0.0012429109,0.00082034356,0.00094960607,0.00031607028],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000547077,0.00009378223,0.000519857,0.00003119527,0.0000109090015,0.000072857285,0.000054360396,0.9890022,0.0025663944,0.005636107,0.00023069842,0.0017269348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011179729,0.000010939608,0.00007211314,0.0000012173425,0.0000018004922,0.000004894502,0.000007537126,0.998841,0.00050456106,0.00043314902,0.000108238004,0.000003475405],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012788623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004515857,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012788623,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012140764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009543848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.025428355},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923139551","doi":"10.1007/s00348-019-2718-1","title":"Direct Lagrangian measurements of particle residence time","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Strouhal number; Mechanics; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Reynolds number; Jet (fluid); Physics; Turbulence; Particle tracking velocimetry; Lagrangian particle tracking; Particle image velocimetry; Particle (ecology); Laminar flow; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Velocimetry; Geology","score_opus":0.02263945631022364,"score_gpt":0.2642235616687637,"score_spread":0.24158410535854008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2923139551","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.85589737,0.00092947396,0.12157481,0.00023133149,0.00017168913,0.00016206718,0.0016555655,0.0010159569,0.01836174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9616104,0.00045426606,0.03007598,0.00013709113,0.00004440573,0.00010762561,0.0005842061,0.00013263097,0.0068534752],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99953485,0.000050420873,0.000014107982,0.00013022893,0.00020106473,0.00006950315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991596,0.00025639535,0.00014641759,0.00017515068,0.00017909269,0.0000833339],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004222693,0.00048446655,0.000345879,0.0005515077,0.0005050898,0.00057654746,0.00049703865,0.00054997776,0.003495276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009562811,0.00037597585,0.00017579853,0.0003241029,0.00073693326,0.0008514228,0.00076709973,0.0009210101,0.0013975485],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002651925,0.00010140676,0.0029098517,0.000105031046,0.000012148202,0.000058904774,0.00015244562,0.0002838601,0.9852887,0.0011388755,0.00053623435,0.009147406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000060375944,0.00028120363,0.0052968767,0.000011784965,0.00002321422,0.00016554681,0.00009900535,0.005626066,0.9840725,0.00030097654,0.004038584,0.000023821456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011251968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015910395,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003495276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044871474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004664348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011692882},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2936408075","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol2.iss1.20","title":"Numerical Simulation for Prediction of Wetness Content in Wet Steam for Convergent - Divergent Nozzle","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Mechanics; RADIUS; Bar (unit); Mach number; Intensity (physics); Optics; Attenuation; Light scattering; Scattering; Light intensity; Materials science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Physics; Thermodynamics; Meteorology; Chromatography","score_opus":0.06798053439360113,"score_gpt":0.29522468000703544,"score_spread":0.2272441456134343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2936408075","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.65789723,0.00079457916,0.3143323,0.00047872984,0.0002197439,0.00015181319,0.0007004283,0.0009008554,0.024524271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95726126,0.00029856255,0.03722745,0.000037613794,0.000014706809,0.00012950679,0.00032591244,0.00006656312,0.004638396],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986875,0.000021912268,0.000008004813,0.000021548145,0.000051306706,0.000028554548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960953,0.00018565012,0.00004896309,0.000015963378,0.000112514346,0.000027433736],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033970654,0.00043730333,0.00048349245,0.00052356906,0.00041913794,0.00051599037,0.00052532967,0.0010521074,0.0022150562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010587268,0.0002675073,0.0006082052,0.0004533149,0.0003736275,0.0004282562,0.0003814757,0.00039720745,0.00020995093],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000069315814,0.000046502053,0.0026480297,0.00010357369,0.000012771989,0.00016880881,0.00007152671,0.98252964,0.008219682,0.0015696487,0.00033346206,0.004226893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004805661,0.0000125238585,0.00018500954,0.000003155461,0.0000016350829,0.0000064782544,0.000009456895,0.9988984,0.00062433013,0.0001173758,0.00013393225,0.000002963004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009604956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004595689,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009604956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048322036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060926925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019098103},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944703568","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2019.05.010","title":"Attrition of binary mixtures of solids in a jet attrition unit","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Fluidization; Attrition; Fluidized bed; Mineralogy; Mixing (physics); Materials science; Sorbent; Particle size; Volumetric flow rate; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Adsorption","score_opus":0.012371528437644346,"score_gpt":0.2375104082590831,"score_spread":0.22513887982143874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2944703568","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99237436,0.00037733023,0.005295149,0.00009006179,0.00004340318,0.000019369068,0.000034511224,0.00004919003,0.0017166289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99628,0.00014528753,0.0016239822,0.000023104707,0.000018262483,0.000010798164,0.000058668,0.000015996624,0.0018238735],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995284,0.000060226484,0.000029598963,0.00006823409,0.0002000896,0.000113511494],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968576,0.00013884754,0.000055158303,0.000028050556,0.00004697118,0.000045254183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055965496,0.00026486767,0.0008651933,0.00057720474,0.00088204263,0.0011367357,0.00080722204,0.00066812744,0.00243303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009758022,0.0003324068,0.0003735591,0.0005013083,0.00049896684,0.0012163231,0.000791848,0.0008513631,0.00045756862],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0027177979,0.00036405266,0.0038448109,0.00027363436,0.000038864826,0.00037592876,0.00029574343,0.007588297,0.9558201,0.0034366145,0.00044263818,0.024801495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000094090894,0.0010245508,0.003453161,0.000014603167,0.000036557652,0.00011517586,0.00015511781,0.06469978,0.9280645,0.00040493024,0.0019132348,0.000024383975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00076529954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008206551,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00243303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005390034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00063474884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008139312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2948647980","doi":"10.1063/1.5094839","title":"A mesoscale study on explosively dispersed granular material using direct simulation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Defence Research and Development Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mesoscale meteorology; Mechanics; Granular material; Dissipative particle dynamics; Statistical physics; Particle (ecology); Dissipation; Multiscale modeling; CFD-DEM; Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics; Physics; Direct numerical simulation; Discrete element method; Materials science; Turbulence; Geology; Meteorology; Chemistry; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.0198906649188401,"score_gpt":0.25287058020142017,"score_spread":0.23297991528258008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2948647980","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9423988,0.0003123834,0.045616873,0.00018737045,0.00003227906,0.00007926828,0.00024259472,0.00012289413,0.011007574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99140257,0.00009759241,0.007758845,0.00001670052,0.000004499649,0.000032018474,0.000077856894,0.000010242018,0.0005997218],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999418,0.000012533797,0.000003377456,0.000011396078,0.000017256618,0.000013598199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997365,0.00013703704,0.000036425485,0.000029585422,0.000036923102,0.000023415694],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013456185,0.00032120987,0.000402036,0.00031672968,0.00036084192,0.0005013358,0.0004589884,0.00048122267,0.0008075251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00061756815,0.00016170932,0.00037694216,0.0003051493,0.00047389022,0.00030245102,0.00041056683,0.00034072253,0.00005785355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000038010316,0.000058052574,0.0030333411,0.00004781098,0.0000191323,0.00018019136,0.000049996695,0.98531497,0.0043528453,0.0042892513,0.000111741436,0.0025046922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000062236113,0.000011873786,0.00037286853,0.0000017677006,0.000002338513,0.0000070433034,0.00000782986,0.9987845,0.0003976665,0.00030855514,0.00009715417,0.0000022248207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009725637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0052366653,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009725637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047220537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040275985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019338071},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954828142","doi":"10.1108/hff-10-2018-0553","title":"Numerical assessment of miniaturized cold spray nozzle for additive manufacturing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat &amp Fluid Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"CenterLine (Canada); University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Mechanics; Discharge coefficient; Mach number; Turbulence; Heat transfer; Compressible flow; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Turbulence kinetic energy; Compressibility; Materials science; Finite volume method; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.021492214700613445,"score_gpt":0.3752494953654355,"score_spread":0.35375728066482204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2954828142","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93479496,0.00080742314,0.052767992,0.00019711324,0.00011121965,0.00015126434,0.00018447048,0.00027302234,0.010712519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9788648,0.00019361974,0.0200253,0.0000149956495,0.000007171166,0.00004167163,0.00006205472,0.000013078603,0.0007774238],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982387,0.00003678798,0.000010512568,0.000020360436,0.00008893226,0.000019597404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959534,0.00019234433,0.00006686325,0.000029502078,0.00009467948,0.000021224154],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042112064,0.0002689817,0.00038991633,0.00030016043,0.00029752246,0.000633865,0.00049977296,0.00056062394,0.0015223678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010399678,0.00012471115,0.00030240373,0.00023277981,0.0003776793,0.0002084913,0.00035095966,0.0002693507,0.00010377967],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018235488,0.00009602007,0.005030111,0.0002646334,0.000024065555,0.0004475115,0.000099074496,0.91510886,0.06167075,0.0020996416,0.00035435543,0.014622712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018008155,0.00019982344,0.0013687168,0.000012368268,0.000009880857,0.0000625675,0.000036211088,0.9913257,0.0060573933,0.00015542214,0.0007439832,0.00000990533],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019309279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013869684,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019309279,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003919704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00036785475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0050927997},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2956030242","doi":"10.1007/s00348-019-2764-8","title":"Near-wall motion of inertial particles in a drag-reduced non-Newtonian turbulent flow","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Drag; Turbulence; Mechanics; Physics; Inertial frame of reference; Newtonian fluid; Classical mechanics; Motion (physics); Flow (mathematics); Non-Newtonian fluid; Drag coefficient","score_opus":0.00957332162725931,"score_gpt":0.24617820271349433,"score_spread":0.236604881086235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2956030242","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99712926,0.000059924503,0.001265328,0.000037585185,0.000024397277,0.000011049224,0.000029518511,0.000027096337,0.0014159977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99800533,0.00003971161,0.0008018114,0.0000135869395,0.0000088570305,0.00000582463,0.00004775538,0.00001107038,0.0010661532],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989367,0.000020382218,0.000006818508,0.000023685405,0.000024214667,0.000031208252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997321,0.000086840235,0.000037929403,0.0000276862,0.000028536846,0.00008699085],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021896261,0.0003185427,0.00044371834,0.00042559908,0.000767265,0.00080853957,0.00040085134,0.00048680353,0.0012481558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006472289,0.0002272582,0.00021152606,0.00022243903,0.0011156044,0.0007381601,0.00049444765,0.0006376335,0.00016189615],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.006158737,0.0018335801,0.009462518,0.00019805894,0.00010425772,0.0018525505,0.0012641626,0.1549739,0.7916533,0.018991143,0.0013089756,0.012198801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007447359,0.003555616,0.038310852,0.000029800061,0.00007231771,0.00032796751,0.0006126182,0.7884723,0.16231783,0.0038143045,0.0015522088,0.00018951802],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0023411291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011240339,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0023411291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030153777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003130817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004655063},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2964852174","doi":"10.11159/htff19.147","title":"Estimation of Optical Uncertainties in a Particle Laden Flow","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Particle flow; Computer science; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.004838625813614451,"score_gpt":0.19470720542131548,"score_spread":0.18986857960770104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2964852174","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4535289,0.00031911297,0.5434032,0.00017422596,0.000029912391,0.000058423317,0.0002563768,0.00044185837,0.0017879469],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94326484,0.00016544094,0.05591751,0.000025596797,0.00002712186,0.000024348934,0.00016821941,0.00003612978,0.00037074278],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995203,0.0000850622,0.000021844073,0.00013577653,0.00018513639,0.00005188905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99803215,0.001194759,0.00032986276,0.00010856494,0.00024103375,0.00009360704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011429138,0.0006679428,0.00034307508,0.001997339,0.0004557447,0.0010720115,0.00051078177,0.00068783545,0.00046811273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0048635504,0.0004533808,0.00032139826,0.0005058773,0.0007094483,0.0014082326,0.0007913479,0.00063830474,0.0001228538],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004169405,0.00016841582,0.017924873,0.0001529398,0.00006860103,0.00025006136,0.00023556802,0.81969035,0.07490323,0.008203142,0.00052132254,0.07746448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000099650715,0.000037715068,0.0051883385,0.000010748958,0.000010561985,0.00004490537,0.000022127166,0.980891,0.011896554,0.0016214083,0.00023154654,0.000035177047],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037885844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001939183,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0037885844,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009977738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061500183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0075330734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969190009","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.109894","title":"Transportation and deposition of spherical and irregularly shaped particles flowing through a porous network into a narrow slot","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microscale chemistry; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Particle image velocimetry; Particle deposition; Reynolds number; Porous medium; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Deposition (geology); Physics; Classical mechanics; Porosity; Turbulence; Geology; Composite material; Mathematics","score_opus":0.007883178807649544,"score_gpt":0.22630525668184057,"score_spread":0.21842207787419102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2969190009","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962226,0.00006678989,0.0028118282,0.000018758334,0.000008562177,0.000005666133,0.000033617132,0.000015928084,0.0008162836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99430895,0.000058420184,0.0044521852,0.000004778812,0.0000035106002,0.0000053044846,0.000045184282,0.0000057087805,0.0011157964],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999933,0.0000046617147,0.000003278994,0.000025922272,0.0000143893885,0.000018644672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986184,0.000050557668,0.00004203739,0.000015655987,0.0000150772075,0.000014830327],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014643143,0.00011275749,0.00016540593,0.00016650553,0.00030968647,0.00036123313,0.00021220278,0.00021623932,0.00052080065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027033815,0.00013306884,0.00017783279,0.00012151767,0.00024948476,0.00032952413,0.00016526294,0.00020258767,0.0001016342],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004024687,0.00009748464,0.0019210718,0.000056927616,0.000011387586,0.00015655729,0.00008209335,0.012197539,0.978119,0.00287163,0.00013593453,0.003947801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004068715,0.00034998855,0.0037034913,0.0000040015752,0.000015077451,0.000081744736,0.000075880336,0.13675573,0.8576259,0.0003858782,0.00094505283,0.000016563385],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014485264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013334595,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014485264,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041227468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027973318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002991259},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970659950","doi":"10.1007/s00170-019-04166-3","title":"Study of surface quality and dust particles emission and dispersion during dry polishing of granite","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail","funders":"Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail","keywords":"Polishing; Dispersion (optics); Materials science; Surface (topology); Quality (philosophy); Environmental science; Metallurgy; Optics; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.010592063172603897,"score_gpt":0.26616382367772046,"score_spread":0.25557176050511654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2970659950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996045,0.000038067625,0.00018998921,0.0000031650056,0.0000014908541,0.0000017556102,0.000028602077,0.0000029454459,0.0001295415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993413,0.000030683026,0.00014027774,0.000002924467,8.075525e-7,0.0000014927546,0.00006730362,0.000003790209,0.00041142956],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992895,0.0000046125906,0.000003254351,0.000022312872,0.000026609274,0.000014342009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999198,0.000020867787,0.000013967759,0.000007165371,0.000028229644,0.000009945714],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101863276,0.0001648476,0.00026280948,0.0002070653,0.00034883182,0.000348626,0.00019738385,0.00023232991,0.0004225532],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001455372,0.00012439166,0.0002851428,0.00017398054,0.00021911945,0.00018169802,0.00015800037,0.00025260882,0.00010259292],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012417607,0.00008515179,0.03898541,0.00007210657,0.000042685766,0.00025698438,0.0004110862,0.0009747978,0.95214283,0.00007026507,0.000068758716,0.0056481683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000040809635,0.0010232172,0.4974722,0.000008487353,0.000103877064,0.00031593748,0.0011352113,0.009460023,0.48803702,0.00013430697,0.0022343672,0.00003459207],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006280747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0077765146,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006280747,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002605906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019136653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012488365},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971337144","doi":"10.1088/1361-6501/ab3fe1","title":"On the bias error due to obscured vectors in particle image velocimetry for concentrated solid–liquid flows","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Measurement Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Particle tracking velocimetry; Velocimetry; Mechanics; Optics; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Geology; Turbulence","score_opus":0.03637601304173944,"score_gpt":0.25901148068409074,"score_spread":0.22263546764235131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2971337144","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06817242,0.005398276,0.92141783,0.0005763503,0.00046881984,0.00008190843,0.00010887728,0.0005985989,0.0031770617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81299233,0.0053696265,0.17708603,0.00044155002,0.0004394284,0.00009634424,0.00031047198,0.0005715711,0.0026926736],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9946406,0.0012419306,0.00023337756,0.0009867594,0.0026737025,0.00022371984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98558086,0.009546738,0.001456096,0.0011929844,0.002097589,0.00012581953],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008173567,0.0007858067,0.0006876044,0.0012928451,0.00076436263,0.0010880661,0.00080099254,0.0009916339,0.00075840624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02886365,0.00042725922,0.00041969033,0.0012250475,0.0014648834,0.0017637098,0.0013852892,0.0012970904,0.0004735326],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00096205744,0.00027964488,0.040700197,0.0012082818,0.0002907429,0.0009265606,0.0008068201,0.26845267,0.20440905,0.08639124,0.0041442164,0.3914285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000038996997,0.00028315818,0.014318571,0.00033678274,0.00012115128,0.00072065886,0.00008436206,0.75885946,0.19582644,0.019695226,0.009513963,0.0002012251],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002897741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019561425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008173567,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012684701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009423062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04322648},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981910939","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2019.749","title":"Dynamics and wall collision of inertial particles in a solid–liquid turbulent channel flow","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Physics; Acceleration; Drag; Open-channel flow; Law of the wall; Materials science; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.006860454402589689,"score_gpt":0.21625338996767257,"score_spread":0.20939293556508287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2981910939","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99707913,0.000031827614,0.002541395,0.00001379083,0.0000057729585,0.000006099943,0.000014946466,0.000029459237,0.0002775735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985676,0.000020058502,0.0010083958,0.000008510996,0.0000031069983,0.0000049811943,0.0000563942,0.000008053163,0.00032292947],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998368,0.000011884109,0.000008138367,0.000031274885,0.000042524513,0.000069311434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997713,0.00003915537,0.00006123298,0.000009986899,0.000025671005,0.000092624956],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020333854,0.00028876276,0.000498587,0.00062304764,0.00065232674,0.0010582851,0.00030977742,0.00036256484,0.00055149925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003608641,0.00022537056,0.0003347678,0.00036947583,0.0008602352,0.0005101142,0.0005054732,0.00041356008,0.00011687386],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0027377694,0.00085256906,0.062897906,0.00011626911,0.0000996671,0.0020089664,0.0010666244,0.28642273,0.6125159,0.011128896,0.00085273973,0.01929985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017476127,0.0008447636,0.03808843,0.0000088734,0.00003664163,0.00015021693,0.00027281957,0.87243307,0.08615584,0.0010232748,0.0007124669,0.00009878778],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0038034373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013983067,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0038034373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007489424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007724723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0075625777},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990742996","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2019.876","title":"Material spike formation in highly unsteady separated flows","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Spike (software development); Mechanics; Materials science; Computer science; Physics","score_opus":0.007052630957599003,"score_gpt":0.20994911999645088,"score_spread":0.20289648903885188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2990742996","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8563927,0.00015971102,0.13765992,0.00012869542,0.00006145148,0.0000389813,0.000040265902,0.00028416503,0.005234139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922144,0.000047387628,0.006945677,0.000019809924,0.000015003256,0.000010896836,0.0000328542,0.000020712076,0.00069319195],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986064,0.000022587914,0.0000059532485,0.000022831387,0.00004936045,0.000038635353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966574,0.00008992928,0.00008997303,0.000036813813,0.000045629433,0.000071947],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021023018,0.00034082474,0.00030526042,0.000625013,0.00044859733,0.0008279158,0.0004894385,0.0005817708,0.00079971197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009646082,0.00020266767,0.0003599893,0.00018964036,0.0010846778,0.0006516295,0.0010007328,0.0006265318,0.000097905395],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041953137,0.0002058418,0.011177522,0.00013069928,0.00008789793,0.0035792687,0.00093557185,0.42474523,0.27655762,0.25484025,0.0013355426,0.025984973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016347318,0.00007601241,0.0025625448,0.000005786931,0.000006066607,0.00021899666,0.000072660456,0.9555686,0.01846314,0.022435516,0.00054626213,0.000028207567],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007256323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00035903257,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008279158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00058557035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024330868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004248619},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2991193650","doi":"10.1002/aic.16874","title":"Fragmentation and film growth in supersonic nanoaggregate aerosol deposition","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Materials Research","keywords":"Coating; Aerosol; Supersonic speed; Fragmentation (computing); Deposition (geology); Materials science; Nozzle; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Chemical physics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.004073816510983171,"score_gpt":0.1941266151252546,"score_spread":0.1900527986142714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2991193650","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987356,0.00014720456,0.0005825522,0.000009021819,0.0000033850738,0.000004364236,0.000028453209,0.000013921977,0.00047556887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99911004,0.00008745912,0.00043453835,0.000008373929,0.0000018641367,0.000003649691,0.000052986674,0.0000048164256,0.00029615354],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998871,0.0000055870355,0.0000046722807,0.000019420291,0.00004950191,0.000033711716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998858,0.000037312577,0.000029387053,0.000009194469,0.000022083788,0.000016209597],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000108411194,0.00014210276,0.00016147635,0.00016567363,0.0002004803,0.00024460847,0.00020802328,0.00022463966,0.00092303986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00018544152,0.00013785824,0.0001739852,0.00011866695,0.00021088285,0.00023439358,0.00021228899,0.00029295386,0.0001306017],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003240929,0.00001309053,0.0007986898,0.000019210845,0.0000061146425,0.00006210676,0.000043576507,0.00061002705,0.9972253,0.000095244584,0.00002707704,0.0010672061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009257822,0.00015346672,0.013899873,0.0000042857264,0.00000707236,0.00008893882,0.000047608017,0.010767131,0.97449636,0.000060664195,0.0004593741,0.000005954871],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027265938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022690012,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027265938,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048868486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016596013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054214597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995253413","doi":"","title":"The effects of freestream turbulence on the drag of a sphere","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Isfahan University of Technology; University of Windsor; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Freestream; Drag; Turbulence; Mechanics; Physics; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.00876821048483766,"score_gpt":0.17018782585358141,"score_spread":0.16141961536874375,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2995253413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984818,0.00009512543,0.0010695995,0.000009418091,0.000010720907,0.0000055864825,0.000021900873,0.000026916987,0.000278979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99926025,0.000056706038,0.00048169683,0.000010080558,0.000003098846,0.000003370969,0.000030271583,0.0000062973063,0.0001481279],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996444,0.000033047363,0.000019430801,0.00006113232,0.00014133238,0.000100626115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921,0.00031867067,0.00009913922,0.000069764326,0.0001373873,0.00016505478],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032469395,0.00041090866,0.00037632242,0.00030915253,0.00025268615,0.000549348,0.00022761058,0.0002037564,0.00060514326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011759066,0.0001772271,0.0002196026,0.00017595635,0.0005349358,0.00046381826,0.0005544902,0.0003304043,0.00008392926],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00055367383,0.000086447835,0.0036567561,0.000052248175,0.0000107064325,0.000100190904,0.00008535924,0.0033723728,0.9856624,0.00013258804,0.000055385895,0.0062319213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000057326582,0.002212508,0.058638882,0.0000133916365,0.000033631786,0.00014062496,0.00009326691,0.027962476,0.9100472,0.00010963045,0.0006419455,0.00004919876],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012446246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010252388,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012446246,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026242842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033039172,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0024747252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996521397","doi":"10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-182","title":"Exploring the Behavior of a Coherent Flow Field Produced by a Shrouding Laval Nozzle Structure","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ISIJ International","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Jet (fluid); Nozzle; Mechanics; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Field (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.02282106627003294,"score_gpt":0.2402100711789284,"score_spread":0.21738900490889546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2996521397","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96756124,0.0003274366,0.030665683,0.000051864194,0.000019740002,0.000025155126,0.000045515655,0.00015616814,0.0011471694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98156905,0.00011923219,0.01785144,0.0000127204885,0.0000061167184,0.000011342822,0.000044495257,0.000010883825,0.0003746939],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999225,0.000006096832,0.0000032986313,0.000021836011,0.00003247904,0.000013839301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999788,0.000055752487,0.000070103364,0.000017117796,0.000046778336,0.000022373733],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002071352,0.00022795307,0.00020207027,0.00039395638,0.00023973029,0.000328029,0.00025972372,0.00033117316,0.00047903162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00036331618,0.00013810296,0.00021873077,0.00018144058,0.00034629586,0.00047677392,0.00022498048,0.00022613275,0.000060234903],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009913083,0.00006545246,0.0029530718,0.00008886055,0.000010699872,0.00023345242,0.000120860605,0.010323594,0.9730652,0.0015264384,0.000117125135,0.01139615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008304411,0.0008651596,0.013189574,0.000021045233,0.000033409167,0.00028526835,0.0001303018,0.2644302,0.7185308,0.00070493773,0.0016717886,0.000054434135],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004816281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000450175,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0004816281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00028534458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00026517545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0020703077},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997818234","doi":"10.33697/ajur.2019.029","title":"Investigation of Constant Volume and Constant Flux Initial Conditions on Bidensity Particle-Laden Slurries on an Incline","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Undergraduate Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Slurry; Particle (ecology); Constant (computer programming); Mechanics; Volume (thermodynamics); Flux (metallurgy); Materials science; Particle size; Ridge; Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemistry; Composite material; Geology; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.04661706228798106,"score_gpt":0.3422947957023325,"score_spread":0.29567773341435144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W2997818234","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969548,0.0001578092,0.0017961783,0.000038291437,0.000009068596,0.000019784564,0.00008041901,0.000023665638,0.00092000025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99747723,0.00014330298,0.0017401859,0.00001597335,0.000005962268,0.000017855624,0.00010878745,0.000010273061,0.00048041838],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99973375,0.000024533285,0.000017637984,0.000069715614,0.000093042974,0.000061316576],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944574,0.00025480732,0.00012468263,0.000027858956,0.00010872826,0.0000381798],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031358743,0.00027579637,0.0005427972,0.0005918259,0.00042723355,0.00095542194,0.0003755621,0.00065967656,0.0008687837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014363498,0.00014027116,0.00020938201,0.00032215167,0.0006715773,0.0005104773,0.00034332063,0.00053096004,0.00012334564],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004954094,0.00025863218,0.005359817,0.00022961294,0.000014675654,0.0007713235,0.00048367956,0.01523002,0.9685602,0.0028648498,0.00017911715,0.0055527003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007228175,0.0010932898,0.013892015,0.00004375055,0.000028371074,0.000113635484,0.00046279357,0.11880052,0.8635597,0.00055170734,0.0013388268,0.000042996253],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002991435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020292443,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002991435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00079297496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00033700885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0059480667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000675894","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.5.014302","title":"Experimental investigation of three-dimensional flow around particles in a turbulent channel flow","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Chézy formula; Turbulence; Drag; Mechanics; Open-channel flow; Flow (mathematics); Channel (broadcasting); Flow separation; Materials science; Physics; Computer science; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.03541365183044313,"score_gpt":0.269583167000393,"score_spread":0.23416951516994985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3000675894","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99290586,0.00014115965,0.0054448503,0.000032800213,0.000020148935,0.000020728445,0.000130572,0.000067905195,0.0012359627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943916,0.00020452427,0.0044013807,0.000019652642,0.000013233703,0.000029790148,0.00015876605,0.000019517453,0.00076147047],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997522,0.000022587083,0.0000128568745,0.000053429238,0.00009467556,0.00006422591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989667,0.00044232883,0.00016412909,0.00012435563,0.00018225255,0.00012037581],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035338555,0.0002652508,0.00034565845,0.00030933917,0.00087987655,0.0006013096,0.00036656755,0.00055443525,0.000975264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062235864,0.00022604846,0.00021814885,0.00041828296,0.0011721831,0.00044560502,0.00046195008,0.00063473254,0.00016130444],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046922447,0.00022509268,0.0028063373,0.0000774357,0.000012115268,0.00017666143,0.00029162513,0.0011867067,0.99055016,0.0006066905,0.00011137891,0.003486415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000095237025,0.0017996249,0.039376546,0.000017932329,0.00003644673,0.00046353706,0.00037475905,0.010170533,0.94605005,0.00037470812,0.0011667277,0.00007402397],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012122056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008408914,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012122056,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029773216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039050743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0032625198},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005008534","doi":"10.1177/0954409720902897","title":"Computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method simulation of locomotive sanders","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Crosswind; Nozzle; Discrete element method; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; NIP; Particle deposition; Stokes number; Aerodynamics; Jet (fluid); Airflow; Particle (ecology); Finite element method; Engineering; Materials science; Structural engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Geology; Aerospace engineering; Turbulence; Composite material","score_opus":0.013362527112611648,"score_gpt":0.23512664565105365,"score_spread":0.221764118538442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3005008534","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.6919016,0.00052122754,0.26428542,0.00069958926,0.00023481983,0.000306047,0.0014146661,0.0005880537,0.040048506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9509456,0.00019768758,0.038733616,0.00009673061,0.00001604941,0.00028781677,0.0006446946,0.000056903402,0.009020814],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997744,0.00005188126,0.000009333395,0.000027991575,0.0000871233,0.000049376667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995136,0.00027883245,0.00004671219,0.000025732963,0.00009425366,0.000040896633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000306665,0.0004385369,0.0007159748,0.0004034698,0.00061761466,0.00084792526,0.000869114,0.0016200606,0.0029056696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011502217,0.00031839756,0.00060965325,0.0004805814,0.00069747656,0.00036937583,0.0006632134,0.00076583686,0.0003368147],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037932845,0.000045136974,0.0011449212,0.00002784104,0.000009547331,0.00006239467,0.000037021036,0.99315625,0.0015197122,0.0018396586,0.00021675482,0.0019028248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006175734,0.000007915497,0.00016556378,0.0000023477041,9.296626e-7,0.000004931563,0.000010515381,0.99899334,0.0002628131,0.00019120006,0.0003516352,0.0000026226603],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019118639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008987072,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019118639,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075491983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013694534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03801471},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3006826394","doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-2643-5_11","title":"Turbulent Suppression in Swirling Sprays","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Heat and mass transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Turbulence; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Constant (computer programming); Inlet; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering","score_opus":0.01430979399535175,"score_gpt":0.20176103548755425,"score_spread":0.1874512414922025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3006826394","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16987197,0.062233537,0.21675123,0.001204612,0.0035472147,0.00021689004,0.00012898697,0.0014130711,0.5446325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6326249,0.016059905,0.019825034,0.0004146171,0.0009648902,0.0000884231,0.00015351371,0.0005281588,0.32934055],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990535,0.000015653428,0.0000026265295,0.00001294622,0.00004885582,0.000014602515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99995613,0.000013318322,0.000003632938,0.0000048926263,0.000013828643,0.000008296866],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012909215,0.0005317521,0.0004913805,0.00034982292,0.00047165048,0.0008798674,0.0004283336,0.00041917295,0.0034443017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021647943,0.00025706255,0.00035457188,0.0002606977,0.00059828744,0.00061609334,0.00060233346,0.00080264825,0.0008497698],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00029362313,0.00021745777,0.00059970166,0.0009305589,0.000035726436,0.0012263759,0.0010252604,0.019584918,0.34685472,0.36637977,0.018977173,0.24387468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012509395,0.0010895599,0.0064754854,0.0003675675,0.00007862027,0.0031464954,0.00065264426,0.21005806,0.20985685,0.22004995,0.34797293,0.00012675062],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00052778167,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006204915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034443017,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026068927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021486542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011522353},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3009675718","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-25685-1_17","title":"Dense Particle Cloud Dispersion by a Shock Wave","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Shock wave; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Drag; Explosive material; Dispersion (optics); Shock tube; Moving shock; Flow (mathematics); Shock (circulatory); Detonation; Oblique shock; Multiphase flow; Physics; Materials science; Optics; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.015247560691492463,"score_gpt":0.19807831297092282,"score_spread":0.18283075227943035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3009675718","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0898502,0.028207297,0.34167492,0.002933943,0.0050368607,0.00021315606,0.00026697235,0.0008763167,0.5309403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5220886,0.015669858,0.031914096,0.0006395155,0.0020898294,0.000097368604,0.00022072817,0.00038989217,0.4268902],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999925,0.0000075248686,0.0000024670023,0.000010970599,0.00004282823,0.000011197436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999336,0.00002433804,0.000006163622,0.00001166325,0.000014253786,0.000009931245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011738373,0.0004993396,0.0004644297,0.00050033635,0.0005060761,0.000849824,0.0007113683,0.0007812942,0.0049782526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028967301,0.00031728667,0.00053069467,0.0004190103,0.0008855036,0.00094580825,0.0012912983,0.0013044315,0.0008835176],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012830025,0.000121443045,0.00052773237,0.00031227592,0.000064819425,0.000905985,0.00038325574,0.059225183,0.027076105,0.7418613,0.03391915,0.13547464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000102580954,0.00012592597,0.0022884477,0.00012413363,0.000044273493,0.0014274298,0.00016947213,0.2783883,0.02017443,0.5594091,0.13767204,0.00007384389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010021925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007710434,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0049782526,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006003235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023005575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010720808","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00326-7","title":"Budget analysis of a pseudo-single-phase transport model for slurry flows","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The European Physical Journal Plus","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Buoyancy; Convection–diffusion equation; Particle (ecology); Viscosity; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Phase (matter); Thermodynamics; Statistical physics; Geology","score_opus":0.03452157851170143,"score_gpt":0.2624154951689134,"score_spread":0.22789391665721195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3010720808","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.449921,0.001156704,0.50611496,0.002839031,0.00020449776,0.00031563806,0.0030224354,0.00058210787,0.03584359],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97350717,0.00041394113,0.014038709,0.0001804652,0.000058293528,0.00021948613,0.00091457274,0.00028438988,0.010383025],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99971265,0.000090183945,0.000021192764,0.00004952538,0.00005471195,0.0000717221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987715,0.0006811006,0.00011271267,0.00006316658,0.0003020651,0.00006937413],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011456399,0.00091002265,0.0013494574,0.00093434367,0.0006096526,0.0016787738,0.0020206326,0.002212062,0.004500336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0035615137,0.00089496985,0.0010786821,0.0009368169,0.00081002404,0.0031511893,0.0009314953,0.00093508465,0.00040656902],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005011595,0.000034150205,0.00041628032,0.00004726195,0.000022748181,0.000052390296,0.000014939694,0.98671615,0.0012775715,0.009658145,0.0004029129,0.0013073346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006661351,0.0000043192076,0.000067152396,0.0000019505137,0.0000047201875,0.000002814655,0.0000030345689,0.9988747,0.000112489346,0.0008406479,0.0000782269,0.0000031840793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.033456564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011499831,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.033456564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018069226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026207692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06652367},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015604588","doi":"10.3390/computation8020023","title":"Investigation of the Horizontal Motion of Particle-Laden Jets","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computation","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Compute Canada","keywords":"Reynolds number; Mechanics; Physics; Stokes number; Jet (fluid); Classical mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Scalar (mathematics); Eulerian path; Turbulence; Lagrangian; Mathematics; Geometry","score_opus":0.029526198962967605,"score_gpt":0.2130690952048322,"score_spread":0.1835428962418646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3015604588","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9620063,0.00027376425,0.0319574,0.00011334596,0.000039223876,0.0000381709,0.00007511219,0.00010570992,0.005390941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963581,0.00009851519,0.0027083727,0.00001484942,0.000005897426,0.000009941079,0.00004763225,0.000008100497,0.0007485577],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993324,0.000012088712,0.0000034108446,0.000012059257,0.000020442441,0.000018776955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99989486,0.000035443954,0.000028353645,0.000009910434,0.000013155825,0.000018327417],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014839988,0.00029177315,0.00027720517,0.0003142938,0.00035902503,0.000606408,0.00027117453,0.0004887282,0.0008195985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033675917,0.00012661504,0.00028016823,0.00020598149,0.00051279116,0.00033773205,0.00035943015,0.00023283708,0.00008605422],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016117444,0.00018469701,0.009258613,0.0000804307,0.000045160326,0.0007775367,0.00017138613,0.9180835,0.05387602,0.007978454,0.00029838065,0.009084619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013432243,0.000054605065,0.0017983826,0.0000030397177,0.000004115375,0.000023846836,0.000030970074,0.9949346,0.0025813333,0.00030462677,0.0002454009,0.0000055776254],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028639105,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00096090155,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0028639105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030298613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038984237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005694449},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016666700","doi":"10.1007/s40789-020-00314-3","title":"Numerical simulation of the dimensional transformation of atomization in a supersonic aerodynamic atomization dust-removing nozzle based on transonic speed compressible flow","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Coal Science & Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Transonic; Supersonic speed; Nozzle; Mechanics; Aerodynamics; Compressible flow; Rotational symmetry; Jet (fluid); Physics; Compressibility; Aerospace engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.009654886287311636,"score_gpt":0.24794109303230252,"score_spread":0.23828620674499087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3016666700","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91617906,0.00018508981,0.071429595,0.00018622812,0.000091932445,0.00008556316,0.000208335,0.00034593942,0.011288156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910028,0.000068917754,0.007315085,0.000013514025,0.0000040910113,0.00003206578,0.00006786649,0.000012361269,0.0014832193],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989665,0.000019560868,0.0000055272712,0.000016106653,0.000035440735,0.00002678449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998286,0.000071267634,0.000025698344,0.000017054082,0.00003548898,0.000021754146],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002017255,0.00030167607,0.00040095986,0.0003218956,0.0005489039,0.00051665085,0.0005267095,0.0007714207,0.00135427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040248292,0.00015809365,0.0004552955,0.00028981775,0.00054285204,0.00035064245,0.00035160902,0.00033558297,0.00008005884],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009478909,0.000074255986,0.002449109,0.00005055663,0.000018526554,0.00022644021,0.00009464247,0.9758031,0.014205474,0.0034644643,0.00019434345,0.0033242826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008062991,0.000020255071,0.00031795594,0.0000013146538,0.0000023365894,0.0000080646905,0.000011512641,0.9982066,0.0011956006,0.00009811873,0.0001266134,0.0000034535256],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0131116435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004384672,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0131116435,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00052362017,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00066103024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026070654},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3018530148","doi":"10.1016/j.jvir.2020.04.016","title":"Overuse/Abuse of the Definition of “Aerosol-Generating Procedures” to Limit Mask Use","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University; Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Limit (mathematics); Aerosol; Medical emergency; Meteorology; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.02986837506680936,"score_gpt":0.23399044955121,"score_spread":0.20412207448440065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3018530148","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.16120641,0.07987069,0.1781883,0.23218213,0.019394852,0.00042937833,0.001198502,0.0018174489,0.32571226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.77563566,0.013924196,0.07325374,0.115517706,0.0070256437,0.00052126194,0.00064971164,0.0007596884,0.012712453],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9611463,0.01359825,0.008448912,0.0035015992,0.011193832,0.0021110117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9117349,0.0470591,0.012221589,0.0072661974,0.018338565,0.0033796788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.030739795,0.0008051045,0.00096771173,0.0031680232,0.0030350147,0.0051594423,0.0036407525,0.005810355,0.0024437518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08609438,0.0005913599,0.0012264906,0.0022036112,0.009675831,0.0032792059,0.0043928977,0.010899366,0.0013314381],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00075502,0.00042507355,0.027507376,0.00299038,0.00021648484,0.0019429937,0.019987388,0.0018748008,0.014766418,0.47200462,0.10527442,0.35225496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008605099,0.0005613976,0.032466367,0.0076914798,0.00034288067,0.013634755,0.005682297,0.0043401658,0.020444995,0.06955598,0.84485435,0.0003393365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0048382226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005912496,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030739795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003243567,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007976924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.16256952},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3019997587","doi":"10.1115/etce2001-17068","title":"Computation of Turbulent Gas-Particle Flows Behind a Bluffbody","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Ontario Power Generation","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds stress; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Finite volume method; Large eddy simulation; Physics; Particle-laden flows; Computation; Reynolds number; Two-phase flow; Particulates; Moment (physics); Dispersion (optics); Materials science; Classical mechanics; Chemistry; Mathematics; Geology; Optics","score_opus":0.011693139277620715,"score_gpt":0.23291514945029054,"score_spread":0.22122201017266982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3019997587","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89878714,0.00009982517,0.09704852,0.00011288161,0.000024713365,0.000037417594,0.000051537932,0.00030559237,0.0035323303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98773277,0.000020481788,0.011283505,0.00001568066,0.000005989567,0.000016940387,0.000043176366,0.000026123183,0.00085529685],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981934,0.00004338502,0.000005442632,0.000019718007,0.000056607234,0.00005550473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946374,0.00029343695,0.000051611765,0.000027001566,0.000063405685,0.000100900514],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005386313,0.0004783011,0.00073875586,0.0005099268,0.0010126961,0.0007865607,0.0009123985,0.0012881935,0.0011687207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011351629,0.000384509,0.00060569745,0.00026635468,0.0013411198,0.00048390075,0.00067442184,0.0004335728,0.00019521143],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023770673,0.000077862765,0.0020301745,0.0000406462,0.000033074797,0.00025890645,0.000115274706,0.96133673,0.025692547,0.006637981,0.0001249136,0.0034141205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010517165,0.00002027948,0.00023154561,0.0000014498462,0.0000024937776,0.000009443839,0.00000634779,0.99775344,0.0016866772,0.00020863833,0.00006607444,0.000003033389],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010964374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035180768,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010964374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013096101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009973662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.021801114},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3021408737","doi":"","title":"TRacking Aerosol Convection interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER): An upcoming field campaign","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"100th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"TRACER; Aerosol; Environmental science; Meteorology; Tracking (education); Field (mathematics); Remote sensing; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.02347596681587253,"score_gpt":0.27552470356773534,"score_spread":0.2520487367518628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3021408737","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"protocol","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"protocol","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9505673,0.00024792022,0.009778359,0.00097312266,0.0002589435,0.001209622,0.02826544,0.0028424656,0.005856766],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8898224,0.0002463344,0.034250714,0.0012322699,0.00017272486,0.0012538175,0.06412159,0.0006279781,0.00827223],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999257,0.00012408504,0.000018596069,0.00021067855,0.00021917469,0.00017038181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985795,0.00014117832,0.00012843797,0.00024038866,0.00035010252,0.00056041725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0030429098,0.0010934237,0.0011246005,0.0007466079,0.0023837858,0.0011589415,0.0015619023,0.0016760828,0.0015598269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00085629674,0.00046887144,0.0006637299,0.0006918596,0.0009286927,0.001434775,0.0012713845,0.001519904,0.0010531509],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.012115022,0.02005178,0.15463462,0.00044753912,0.0009289096,0.001304369,0.0017418915,0.014924634,0.6724227,0.0017735104,0.05729224,0.062362734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0159901,0.025705663,0.49557406,0.00010424678,0.0010194613,0.0012719543,0.001493865,0.053833947,0.2965762,0.0023301933,0.10559377,0.00050650793],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03860126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05671177,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03860126,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015961895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0027825097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07675314},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023139503","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2020.101226","title":"Numerical modeling of coaxial powder stream in laser-powder-based Directed Energy Deposition process","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Additive manufacturing","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Coaxial; Laser; Beam (structure); Turbulence; Deposition (geology); Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Optics","score_opus":0.012044670196378697,"score_gpt":0.2194452917414644,"score_spread":0.2074006215450857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3023139503","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.715567,0.0014896749,0.23422126,0.00083949394,0.00022212545,0.00016998983,0.0004310024,0.00043727353,0.046622153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98501855,0.0003404332,0.0090243425,0.000031582404,0.000017392907,0.000054793793,0.000085914995,0.00002255666,0.0054044607],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998641,0.000020443833,0.000007814379,0.000026411515,0.00005680603,0.000024344472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997938,0.000098835684,0.000034911554,0.000012246427,0.000043250806,0.000016894124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021179768,0.00033852085,0.00052630546,0.00032832875,0.0006417717,0.00091059424,0.0007593572,0.0013963445,0.0019765603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062407996,0.00031654013,0.00050875894,0.0004529799,0.0006225197,0.0007190686,0.00044846433,0.00046577372,0.00022897756],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000090317226,0.00006901326,0.0010382604,0.00009086982,0.00001359649,0.0002639135,0.000055542307,0.9740825,0.014286548,0.006335626,0.00022504786,0.0034488223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006832598,0.000011780512,0.00015681576,0.0000017941435,0.0000020336977,0.000013095482,0.0000061802657,0.99809164,0.0014154409,0.0001313088,0.00016022603,0.0000028846075],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009144802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00419004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009144802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00092495733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011017323,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018183172},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3032221164","doi":"10.1007/s40430-020-02411-5","title":"Supersonic antigravity aerodynamic atomization dusting nozzle based on the Laval nozzle and probe jet","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Aerodynamics; Mechanics; Materials science; Discharge coefficient; Jet (fluid); Mach number; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.01316328147660729,"score_gpt":0.20787251251222225,"score_spread":0.19470923103561497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3032221164","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76155,0.0015245152,0.20410547,0.0006468847,0.0005074037,0.00017739658,0.00021897617,0.0014054119,0.029864006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96769875,0.00019090174,0.028495634,0.000058718182,0.000037802925,0.000029879087,0.00006133633,0.000020709356,0.0034063673],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997657,0.000027400316,0.000008897234,0.000054737615,0.0001086913,0.000034538978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998784,0.000024633668,0.00002146895,0.000025086129,0.000023653532,0.000026791207],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001976639,0.0002701995,0.0005583394,0.00024973394,0.0005077169,0.0006608778,0.0008221564,0.00096124265,0.0015372465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024043508,0.0001870112,0.0004504897,0.00015926232,0.00044618518,0.0006286396,0.0008385486,0.0003484554,0.00028225358],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00071926264,0.00020298726,0.0068474803,0.00025020636,0.00008409357,0.0020541558,0.00022100311,0.038241744,0.8787327,0.028890338,0.0017888077,0.041967288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003021414,0.0015591696,0.018889774,0.000047464884,0.00010999676,0.002534219,0.00014664969,0.678796,0.2741878,0.0041370126,0.019098748,0.00019103283],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007414681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00055271195,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015372465,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041627718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044508625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0051425695},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048518450","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2020.453","title":"Microstructure-informed probability-driven point-particle model for hydrodynamic forces and torques in particle-laden flows","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Torque; Point particle; Classical mechanics; Point (geometry); Materials science; Physics; Geology; Thermodynamics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.019312794043304483,"score_gpt":0.24001148566152317,"score_spread":0.22069869161821867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3048518450","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.062599845,0.00092315,0.9248963,0.0013960814,0.000392084,0.00013102194,0.00028993515,0.00030433375,0.009067108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94610596,0.00084789004,0.036790226,0.0004280452,0.0003685461,0.00028891565,0.0003106211,0.00019861065,0.014661066],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994184,0.00022308872,0.000030180116,0.00009786418,0.00014033914,0.00009017168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974197,0.0012113291,0.00034267158,0.0001474501,0.0005165336,0.00036236746],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017166359,0.0014108616,0.00269867,0.0016079327,0.001150443,0.0024174764,0.0037166802,0.004895291,0.0025660587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00530195,0.0014625264,0.0015952877,0.0013056023,0.0032602018,0.003163464,0.0025465086,0.002217936,0.00047027876],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000034119486,0.000036700363,0.00028600337,0.00003463746,0.0000253026,0.000080416714,0.000029511348,0.95999444,0.00048043908,0.03767292,0.00034546925,0.0009801176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035515202,0.000003389324,0.000028941738,0.0000013093878,0.0000020992456,0.0000027202886,0.0000014588302,0.9974504,0.0000193113,0.0024419383,0.00004120254,0.0000037044078],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013013469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006196134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013013469,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021379814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023490228,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02587545},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3083270730","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2020.522","title":"On the dynamics of unconfined and confined vortex rings in dense suspensions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Dynamics (music); Vortex; Mechanics; Vortex ring; Materials science; Classical mechanics; Physics","score_opus":0.013792980511539543,"score_gpt":0.20543439123887902,"score_spread":0.19164141072733948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3083270730","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96626365,0.000562303,0.019117793,0.0004246571,0.00011763098,0.000026668564,0.000059713082,0.00007552862,0.013352137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968646,0.000121790945,0.00074736605,0.00003375352,0.000032867236,0.000006152674,0.000021851725,0.000014005951,0.002157415],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990857,0.000020578524,0.0000028387892,0.000018389823,0.000019025709,0.00003046589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994438,0.00019616101,0.0000922814,0.00003951118,0.00008860543,0.00013956339],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026041776,0.00029822162,0.00047323207,0.0007375168,0.00058831036,0.0010497111,0.00062373537,0.00048979593,0.0026395256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014397441,0.00025998236,0.00022277674,0.00020162013,0.001534324,0.0012878525,0.0011357312,0.00052751007,0.00016225036],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00083974807,0.00053983304,0.005726743,0.000190009,0.00010557655,0.0011462135,0.0008705341,0.698226,0.06270185,0.20323779,0.0034736954,0.022942012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019362582,0.00007050634,0.002770173,0.000008377943,0.00000604399,0.000038089915,0.000107149135,0.9810932,0.0014929347,0.01395124,0.00042057058,0.000022332426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022117284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012725792,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026395256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005290502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003140545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00883013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3084217237","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.72","title":"On the Prediction of Incubation Period in Water Droplet Erosion of Metals","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Erosion; Incubation period; Period (music); Incubation; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geology; Geomorphology; Physics","score_opus":0.01084775026751674,"score_gpt":0.19555403187887951,"score_spread":0.18470628161136277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3084217237","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9042218,0.0005108937,0.09265923,0.00010685023,0.000027345062,0.00006857759,0.0002051903,0.00030275717,0.0018973029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948426,0.00014766853,0.0043373397,0.000009276201,0.0000029589312,0.000021409442,0.0000681574,0.000017034847,0.0005534745],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998969,0.000019453773,0.000006168047,0.000032988883,0.000020446727,0.000023955674],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989955,0.00073584233,0.00013079988,0.000031442152,0.00007816536,0.000028407516],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041555773,0.00052800763,0.0005657131,0.00047871209,0.00025836902,0.00051444565,0.00051046663,0.0010742613,0.0009475761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014904623,0.00032026836,0.00065538427,0.00020980548,0.00026523712,0.0005631923,0.00023931691,0.0004155524,0.0002070195],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006388401,0.000076134114,0.0044123577,0.000041048916,0.000011369547,0.00006941252,0.00001697452,0.98560125,0.005005889,0.00017258653,0.0000746377,0.0044544754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000219202,0.000050747665,0.00077242346,0.0000030537672,0.000004836545,0.000009258412,0.0000049788355,0.99755716,0.0015035535,0.00004207691,0.0000457874,0.0000039062006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009049088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049158884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009049088,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000603905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005472586,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017992854},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3086809700","doi":"10.1002/adma.202002266","title":"The Key Role of Intrinsic Lifetime Dynamics from Upconverting Nanosystems in Multiemission Particle Velocimetry","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Key (lock); Particle (ecology); Velocimetry; Nanotechnology; Dynamics (music); Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Optics; Mechanics; Acoustics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.0055098585922507964,"score_gpt":0.2025223919525392,"score_spread":0.1970125333602884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3086809700","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2632817,0.0076294267,0.7232231,0.0006208865,0.00028409206,0.0000912593,0.00012878576,0.0004290016,0.0043117427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8548041,0.004335087,0.13784304,0.00013327734,0.000073896874,0.00010685824,0.000103624596,0.00018074847,0.002419278],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933904,0.00016867342,0.000024812582,0.00022073493,0.00019851155,0.000048228092],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99851805,0.00096793094,0.00016370935,0.00016590075,0.00014176703,0.000042722924],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0015867543,0.0004991095,0.0005016945,0.000403886,0.00028799157,0.0011158899,0.0007395846,0.0007628708,0.000630354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0034213152,0.0004497613,0.0002585728,0.00029149925,0.001439561,0.002087846,0.00085957034,0.001534403,0.00026820603],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015666253,0.00007342793,0.0015194436,0.00039581623,0.000019718393,0.00012597724,0.0002580973,0.004921057,0.9000716,0.046986528,0.00017755237,0.04529416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001515198,0.00023459354,0.0015291192,0.000079884354,0.000020318503,0.00037235388,0.00007424463,0.068670824,0.90760124,0.016630031,0.0047160373,0.000056104764],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00022137059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023459994,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015867543,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000742296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005246221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008391619},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3096636895","doi":"","title":"Influence of particle turbulence model on a pipe elbow erosion prediction based on Euler-Euler approach","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (University of Toulouse)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Isotropy; Mechanics; Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Surface finish; Surface roughness; Physics; Classical mechanics; Materials science; Geometry; Mathematics; Geology; Optics; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.02365133403113334,"score_gpt":0.21429345034888372,"score_spread":0.19064211631775038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3096636895","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88101923,0.00046461323,0.11513617,0.00014590107,0.00006242876,0.000032063355,0.000100105586,0.00037197318,0.002667519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99363446,0.00011088492,0.00580189,0.0000071004483,0.000004978288,0.000007885096,0.000046361718,0.00001777751,0.00036859224],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999869,0.000035777506,0.000011772859,0.000029947272,0.000026975444,0.000026474538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995332,0.00023987818,0.00006955447,0.0000434535,0.00007489034,0.000038975657],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00048356596,0.00058451615,0.00055333873,0.00040426003,0.0002924585,0.00086136546,0.0003741878,0.0006660961,0.0004959064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011924369,0.00020095242,0.00049245945,0.00020142355,0.0003633117,0.00050656253,0.00032758116,0.0004390012,0.00012242766],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014391058,0.000048802605,0.004764153,0.000034766595,0.0000147337305,0.00015292663,0.000039228657,0.9788698,0.0080917375,0.0006090484,0.000110905225,0.007119961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000057690672,0.00002637809,0.00076275214,0.0000038285484,0.000003939689,0.000009410942,0.000007304088,0.99729866,0.001779411,0.00004913491,0.00004988592,0.0000035701041],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0075649377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020307223,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0075649377,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035547878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045749184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015041828},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3097100235","doi":"10.1063/12.0000843","title":"Triboluminescent sensor for detection of impacts of submillimeter explosion fragments","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIP conference proceedings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Explosive material; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Optoelectronics; Microscale chemistry; Range (aeronautics); Aluminium; Optics; Composite material; Physics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.030021871228215556,"score_gpt":0.237995007703902,"score_spread":0.20797313647568644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3097100235","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.83946407,0.0011927404,0.1514828,0.00016265131,0.000086885295,0.000085404754,0.00054094545,0.001267806,0.005716755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9372764,0.000415016,0.058374375,0.00007916554,0.000012639516,0.000045751305,0.0002944427,0.000035456516,0.0034667056],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999856,0.000009451906,0.0000043091623,0.00003440848,0.0000803832,0.000015470354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985266,0.000048534126,0.00003379025,0.00000998915,0.000031071173,0.000023987466],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014924309,0.00020714113,0.00021466453,0.00039117679,0.0001932913,0.0002517951,0.00044713405,0.00036604513,0.0015863487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032053594,0.00015799601,0.00010975457,0.00025265096,0.00015431466,0.0003475114,0.0002684117,0.00034913243,0.0003339887],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000050082883,0.0000149390235,0.0007919349,0.000024859284,0.0000032672099,0.000040108745,0.00001562929,0.0002373075,0.9927769,0.00015984775,0.00014517125,0.005740017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000152025395,0.00013743722,0.005578647,0.00000781014,0.000011148549,0.0002724906,0.000044657696,0.01750687,0.97447115,0.00007268602,0.0018702217,0.000011654734],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008461863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016361885,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015863487,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003723174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002763075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00530684},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3102676451","doi":"10.1063/5.0030891","title":"Direct interception or inertial impaction? A theoretical derivation of the efficiency power law for a simple and practical definition of capture modes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inertial frame of reference; Interception; Mechanics; Power law; Cylinder; Lift (data mining); Boundary layer; Simple (philosophy); Boundary (topology); Physics; Statistical physics; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Computer science; Geometry; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.026712192844366926,"score_gpt":0.27718468943927854,"score_spread":0.2504724965949116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3102676451","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.094420105,0.00283849,0.87602633,0.0013650894,0.00020073428,0.0000781899,0.0001030196,0.00026553893,0.02470257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9454733,0.0018308552,0.043718673,0.0004932085,0.00018432122,0.00015964684,0.000084920925,0.00021252868,0.007842529],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.99958235,0.000069024034,0.000020380441,0.00011010136,0.00013570688,0.00008238225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983536,0.00082477037,0.00022064876,0.00034823766,0.00019547538,0.000057317382],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010290256,0.000690972,0.00062710914,0.00067659555,0.00036143255,0.0010712842,0.0015024608,0.0010747946,0.0036774431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005335957,0.00036130284,0.000585447,0.00033843855,0.0022945504,0.0044205417,0.0011848892,0.0013690692,0.0012732241],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008857744,0.000088180794,0.004046609,0.00023584007,0.000049906277,0.00040938737,0.00052948936,0.047344428,0.034157127,0.866491,0.0026552714,0.043904178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029184892,0.00024548397,0.0042124116,0.00015260729,0.000031493375,0.0011242983,0.0002485024,0.51286393,0.025004134,0.44362763,0.012364002,0.00009639794],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00045144404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001800129,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0036774431,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054963736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027666468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012302339},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108181458","doi":"10.1063/5.0066443","title":"Targeted particle delivery via vortex ring reconnection","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Vortex; Physics; Vortex ring; Perpendicular; Particle (ecology); Plane (geometry); Mechanics; Core (optical fiber); Ring (chemistry); Classical mechanics; Geometry; Geology; Optics","score_opus":0.016415703345409812,"score_gpt":0.22674014152496533,"score_spread":0.2103244381795555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3108181458","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06705795,0.0014669208,0.9016163,0.0019748616,0.00041452234,0.0002773309,0.00011014304,0.00035755962,0.026724426],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.867918,0.0020972388,0.10485225,0.0005774243,0.00013147705,0.000561391,0.00008010165,0.00006635652,0.023715787],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998318,0.00004139484,0.000005509147,0.000041168154,0.00005075886,0.000029315095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998883,0.0000326113,0.00002721779,0.000016997894,0.000017688266,0.000017300843],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026112533,0.00036743804,0.00046683403,0.00029721315,0.00040964535,0.00095813704,0.0011329008,0.0011087619,0.0017965313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003511454,0.00019581037,0.00040627478,0.0001801592,0.0010410824,0.001345854,0.000711044,0.0006969473,0.00036159297],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000073817726,0.00010858961,0.00023214989,0.00013435971,0.000015760888,0.0005147863,0.00012637452,0.12280554,0.06754725,0.7945428,0.0021219228,0.011776717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059969738,0.0003395596,0.0001614993,0.000031965137,0.000015137874,0.0004722053,0.000060146263,0.85978925,0.022779364,0.09644339,0.019806275,0.000041195613],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003521434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00020046996,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017965313,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007335715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00049201184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0060100555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3110142855","doi":"","title":"Phenomenological investigation of a round liquid jet injected transversely into a subsonic gaseous crossflow","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Mspace (University of Manitoba)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.012920590014854414,"score_gpt":0.1963853988847925,"score_spread":0.1834648088699381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3110142855","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716439,0.00016473987,0.0087391585,0.00039933738,0.00006523095,0.00007464544,0.000116872005,0.00019785552,0.01859814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975333,0.000044782435,0.00069005205,0.000038950348,0.00001006978,0.0000075865414,0.000035888217,0.000019028197,0.0016201932],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999342,0.000009449193,0.0000019998668,0.000011573861,0.000018459788,0.00002424844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998349,0.0000709773,0.000021663023,0.000014304587,0.000018536966,0.00003953343],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019360818,0.00033616766,0.0004422033,0.00034905237,0.0009545775,0.0011167247,0.00061610574,0.0006654315,0.0042512673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004404824,0.00027289047,0.00046159004,0.0002453414,0.0012809944,0.0008492699,0.00066019385,0.0007831461,0.00020292039],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.005851539,0.0010684979,0.011083475,0.00030294407,0.0001325023,0.015687373,0.00215718,0.1831169,0.6713054,0.09692753,0.001848156,0.010518531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00046060616,0.0016747958,0.024738077,0.000039665614,0.00008425021,0.00091581343,0.0011303271,0.893772,0.06540671,0.009254152,0.0023847104,0.0001389581],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037769114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016680626,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0042512673,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000862146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004920803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014221907},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3112912561","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103538","title":"Spatial distribution of particles in turbulent channel flow of dilute suspensions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Settling; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Reynolds number; Dispersion (optics); Physics; Suspension (topology); Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle image velocimetry; Optics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01960463771537181,"score_gpt":0.2542907803849088,"score_spread":0.23468614266953702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3112912561","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976083,0.000086839005,0.0013760887,0.000018764193,0.0000074866857,0.000003502079,0.000045854078,0.000022093707,0.0008310326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991959,0.000030152341,0.00030436236,0.000005937246,0.0000049976416,0.000002151138,0.000050126793,0.0000029847288,0.00040341192],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992764,0.0000061259925,0.0000027998788,0.000022195478,0.0000203549,0.000020883359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973005,0.00010868681,0.00003876449,0.000009310863,0.00005728086,0.000055932982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011262563,0.00010279074,0.00015653543,0.0005806888,0.00038098218,0.0004918613,0.0001349346,0.000241369,0.0007028198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030779353,0.00012687378,0.00011722143,0.00019417927,0.00042543176,0.00025722143,0.00019408319,0.00020994274,0.00010793505],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015412386,0.00025053433,0.026577141,0.00007800133,0.000039906336,0.0004887997,0.00030980495,0.017996266,0.93767613,0.0018090334,0.00043839004,0.0127947545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000117781856,0.001043465,0.21417516,0.000013981786,0.00008057019,0.00048934633,0.0005514534,0.21534747,0.565405,0.0011973903,0.0014883577,0.00008997877],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017022217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007707099,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017022217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038849434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002554067,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033847094},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3113155721","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101736","title":"Transport of oil droplets from a jet in crossflow: Dispersion coefficients and Vortex trapping","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ocean Modelling","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Vortex; Mechanics; Oil droplet; Jet (fluid); Lagrangian particle tracking; Physics; Turbulence; Dispersion (optics); Vortex tube; Classical mechanics; Optics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.0169965099303442,"score_gpt":0.1971579575640349,"score_spread":0.18016144763369069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3113155721","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98476845,0.00021942295,0.012145257,0.0001350908,0.000047287926,0.000019359935,0.00008696817,0.000038441583,0.002539757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973506,0.00011954572,0.001136994,0.000011908755,0.000012390021,0.0000053623494,0.00005932646,0.00001900306,0.0012848713],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999236,0.000013952635,0.0000064446563,0.000015786753,0.000014134954,0.00002598698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995221,0.00020340137,0.00008695806,0.000021498294,0.00010568932,0.000060398947],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034012747,0.0005021402,0.00036869262,0.0008376988,0.00044359485,0.0012377311,0.00043909097,0.0008715932,0.0008976078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014930754,0.000293714,0.00044330867,0.00058114424,0.00064498314,0.0018017234,0.0007153858,0.0005438428,0.00011531738],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037207679,0.00027538254,0.019104809,0.00008104143,0.000052405274,0.0006908185,0.00018145467,0.92324257,0.03924609,0.008636055,0.00047609504,0.007641251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018451597,0.000033282216,0.0010257576,0.000004278682,0.0000066874304,0.00002135509,0.00003780451,0.9945661,0.0037577809,0.0004427858,0.00007478571,0.000010963991],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013502811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0056624073,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013502811,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007967516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061715476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026848435},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3114011408","doi":"","title":"Simulation and Testing of a MEMS Calorimetric Shear-Stress Sensor","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Shear stress; Intermittency; Wake; Mechanics; Microelectromechanical systems; Materials science; Wind tunnel; Thermal; Calibration; Stress (linguistics); Shear (geology); Acoustics; Temperature measurement; Physics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Optoelectronics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.01913536577824104,"score_gpt":0.2305196051536851,"score_spread":0.21138423937544407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3114011408","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9664589,0.00008333969,0.020924468,0.00040444365,0.000058527297,0.00009551135,0.00043782324,0.00036683527,0.01117011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947561,0.000029895975,0.003369622,0.00003438971,0.000003970388,0.000030606392,0.00006574815,0.000017235549,0.001692445],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998443,0.000021286021,0.0000064516476,0.000027475084,0.000065100445,0.000035338206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994665,0.00032077706,0.000041065527,0.000042224965,0.000086830165,0.000042597272],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025087016,0.0004591656,0.00046629345,0.00030286828,0.00051679986,0.00062623597,0.0009334703,0.0015029187,0.0038434565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010178603,0.00032594008,0.00037277397,0.00025992907,0.00067102263,0.0005375084,0.000364939,0.00038355662,0.0002861161],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011157043,0.00010398773,0.002988715,0.00005356527,0.000016672233,0.00026119407,0.000065239394,0.97844464,0.0137170255,0.00075576,0.00032922835,0.0031524373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001535677,0.000074321026,0.00070021953,0.000002320098,0.0000054044926,0.000018373863,0.000023824849,0.99360114,0.0052684643,0.000115361996,0.00016986686,0.0000052332703],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009192052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006188965,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009192052,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006359684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010453371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018277109},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3117269369","doi":"10.1177/1687814020977689","title":"Dust removal characteristics of a supersonic antigravity siphon atomization nozzle","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Mechanics; Discharge coefficient; Volumetric flow rate; Jet (fluid); Aerodynamics; Siphon (mollusc); Materials science; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.0038374569091124337,"score_gpt":0.20619406799263362,"score_spread":0.20235661108352118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3117269369","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99736696,0.00030679602,0.001786082,0.000014540809,0.00001659867,0.000015284515,0.00004728665,0.000046361783,0.00040003096],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99609935,0.00021728128,0.0026694178,0.000028164408,0.000006897247,0.000013291927,0.00015584339,0.00001417725,0.00079557666],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996313,0.000029424238,0.000033009885,0.00007732938,0.00017633424,0.000052600153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996245,0.000109937915,0.00007922949,0.00003295707,0.00011873413,0.00003463549],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003373131,0.00019035468,0.00029278352,0.00027045803,0.0001987517,0.0002920598,0.00037596904,0.00048409152,0.0006773669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006094827,0.00013130634,0.0003658398,0.00017141996,0.00015000737,0.00031267304,0.00019401382,0.00018248316,0.00015974551],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021477231,0.000038387978,0.0025465253,0.00008414624,0.000013838187,0.00010532555,0.00008696557,0.0008891307,0.98951006,0.000069656046,0.00009793247,0.006343205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000042676747,0.0032965161,0.03911758,0.00001081972,0.00009564605,0.00028913032,0.00014774769,0.017983308,0.9362479,0.000030089019,0.0026893695,0.000049275142],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013028528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012001896,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013028528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024814988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016423306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002590537},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122227910","doi":"10.1002/aic.17207","title":"Turbulence damping above the cloud height in suspensions of concentrated slurries in stirred tanks","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AIChE Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Slurry; Mechanics; Impeller; Root mean square; Turbulence kinetic energy; Mixing (physics); Constant (computer programming); Particle (ecology); Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.007904758461133686,"score_gpt":0.21427009339710784,"score_spread":0.20636533493597414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3122227910","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99885106,0.000087462555,0.0007426118,0.000020270681,0.000007398471,0.000006569865,0.000042617758,0.000014992261,0.00022696232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989266,0.00006132664,0.000701328,0.000008365479,0.000005101693,0.000005355086,0.00006767046,0.0000055388496,0.00021864925],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99973565,0.000039706283,0.000018840843,0.00004984161,0.000105868385,0.00005015641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99965584,0.00012802542,0.000086265165,0.000016090708,0.00006720786,0.000046532434],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030120878,0.00020693327,0.00037818155,0.0002388863,0.00031592685,0.0006531127,0.00020720455,0.0001941365,0.0004053067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007106294,0.00013208756,0.00023534754,0.0002278744,0.00033888526,0.00024752133,0.00027153696,0.0005657209,0.00010583792],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020989605,0.00003354083,0.0016608683,0.000027860207,0.000007928702,0.000039603532,0.000086123255,0.0006774439,0.9957526,0.00004114402,0.00001884839,0.0014442333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007180701,0.0015699791,0.019383194,0.000011900536,0.000027880556,0.000044207256,0.00015603052,0.015659815,0.96267825,0.00005346957,0.00032602623,0.00001744288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004786489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035657487,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004786489,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006080382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035074278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009517252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3127743378","doi":"10.1007/s40687-021-00246-7","title":"A stochastic closure for two-moment bulk microphysics of warm clouds: part I, derivations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in the Mathematical Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Closure (psychology); Mathematics; Moment (physics); Moment closure; Meteorology; Physics; Classical mechanics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.1429105808157645,"score_gpt":0.40352498399474795,"score_spread":0.26061440317898343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3127743378","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.034164205,0.0043707504,0.93854153,0.0014709862,0.00059863424,0.00011246493,0.0003855386,0.00019515956,0.020160852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8161234,0.005827066,0.13578545,0.0012492897,0.0019922769,0.00036456832,0.00074285024,0.00079474726,0.037120312],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994703,0.00018726772,0.000037381174,0.00008729721,0.00015220593,0.00006563999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998114,0.0010505881,0.00018133104,0.00016716441,0.00029323358,0.00019376214],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002530051,0.0013291454,0.0010347605,0.0012195406,0.0008820792,0.002020421,0.0017205898,0.0013267082,0.0023957368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005868851,0.00042399528,0.001935787,0.0006084336,0.0021310921,0.0036637743,0.0026822852,0.0026594617,0.0005719624],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024291352,0.00005848314,0.00047312095,0.00018312335,0.0000443093,0.00017271741,0.0001586411,0.07740473,0.0041200477,0.9080935,0.0028659194,0.0064012073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010196893,0.000020911197,0.00038446244,0.000034430635,0.000014592118,0.00009212613,0.000027694514,0.70956475,0.0007079171,0.2867056,0.0024132582,0.000024009789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033737316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018558123,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033737316,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012942029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014416937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013380349},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133356288","doi":"10.1007/s40687-021-00247-6","title":"A stochastic closure for two-moment bulk microphysics of warm clouds: part II, parameter constraint and validation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in the Mathematical Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Closure (psychology); Constraint (computer-aided design); Moment (physics); Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Moment closure; Geology; Meteorology; Physics; Geometry; Classical mechanics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.11227968294925608,"score_gpt":0.38175702388157506,"score_spread":0.269477340932319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3133356288","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.035053197,0.0005459836,0.96060795,0.00054676575,0.00017532808,0.00012341673,0.00024558514,0.00024020472,0.0024615407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8595764,0.00084707857,0.1328606,0.00039178395,0.00052833115,0.00038222683,0.0007452031,0.00062004925,0.004048326],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9988199,0.00041117708,0.00009278805,0.00019874513,0.0003275007,0.0001498211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99144757,0.005712284,0.00070136297,0.00069947256,0.00095064414,0.0004887725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005008704,0.0011812701,0.0020096907,0.0010590885,0.0012145657,0.0023260412,0.0027510384,0.0022865324,0.0011762949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01683364,0.0007783066,0.0020506314,0.00059332687,0.002685936,0.0032017115,0.004057119,0.003344582,0.00022365424],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011169325,0.0001080568,0.0012810873,0.00018960219,0.00007160389,0.00018407061,0.000105564635,0.9038384,0.0064609717,0.079000846,0.0009078934,0.007740304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008671436,0.000008506481,0.00008431228,0.000007204329,0.0000032549037,0.000008974846,0.0000036468666,0.9950983,0.00028836794,0.004319577,0.00016274776,0.0000064401447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012721959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041298578,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012721959,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011747209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033935725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02648884},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133837577","doi":"10.1007/s00348-020-03103-5","title":"Determination of fluid flow adjacent to a gas/liquid interface using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and a high-quality tessellation approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; RGL Reservoir Management","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Flow (mathematics); Particle tracking velocimetry; Velocimetry; Mechanics; Materials science; Tracking (education); Bubble; Flow velocity; Vector field; Polygon mesh; Computational fluid dynamics; Two-phase flow; Optics; Physics; Computer science; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.039875533146117186,"score_gpt":0.3231192205681397,"score_spread":0.2832436874220225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3133837577","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.31543216,0.0005870412,0.679262,0.00011024813,0.00008282892,0.00012256704,0.00031525875,0.0013705427,0.002717347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5169592,0.00036973684,0.48106962,0.00004316036,0.000019423087,0.0001003252,0.00025034018,0.00024165798,0.0009465855],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99956566,0.000061619096,0.00002612802,0.0001329988,0.00014549072,0.00006810135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999342,0.00023722115,0.00008129543,0.00010029479,0.00018218112,0.00005707256],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006822486,0.00050730136,0.00058376486,0.0020721762,0.0008191862,0.0015723289,0.0006378359,0.0008283013,0.0012105105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015237456,0.00047808394,0.00033086358,0.0010721122,0.0008155867,0.001293068,0.0006864896,0.0008255517,0.00033133675],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023295288,0.000061532,0.0028438044,0.000079075144,0.000018188062,0.00008866627,0.0001248281,0.0074135493,0.9529792,0.003429753,0.00018009686,0.032548264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021432395,0.00010460443,0.0055046384,0.000007705103,0.000023187717,0.00020347799,0.000090377835,0.16203697,0.82932216,0.00094539043,0.0016969034,0.000043065997],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005983574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0044742874,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005983574,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00089450437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010124814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011897445},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3140968007","doi":"10.5194/acp-21-12317-2021","title":"Impact of high- and low-vorticity turbulence on cloud–environment mixing and cloud microphysics processes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Ministry of Earth Sciences","keywords":"Vorticity; Turbulence; Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Entrainment (biomusicology); Meteorology; Cloud physics; Condensation; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Vortex; Cloud computing","score_opus":0.004255796140497017,"score_gpt":0.19555729708543135,"score_spread":0.19130150094493434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3140968007","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964072,0.00008746917,0.0015009684,0.0000496049,0.000013459592,0.000020509457,0.00011603363,0.000032640826,0.0017722325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99919945,0.000030094592,0.0005708788,0.0000080448135,0.0000021264552,0.0000059432837,0.000050088653,0.000006357705,0.00012713627],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998684,0.000024588171,0.000008605157,0.000017560813,0.000029461096,0.00005147607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997236,0.00014710827,0.00003955546,0.00001837033,0.000026470034,0.00004490958],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023815673,0.00035624567,0.0004458406,0.00034914506,0.00063164544,0.0010492076,0.00031956928,0.00044095438,0.0012890348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069951784,0.0002260851,0.00050366117,0.00026864084,0.0007274661,0.0004863129,0.000550651,0.00053284096,0.000088944435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019024819,0.00029400506,0.019391006,0.00005947139,0.00006979963,0.0003525797,0.00007063985,0.9409217,0.033068698,0.0022888065,0.00014556247,0.0031475234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004054271,0.00007388909,0.0077498644,0.0000059261383,0.000012244116,0.000030500623,0.000042301323,0.98648316,0.0051830714,0.00022139272,0.00014338137,0.0000136676645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014360607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059186923,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014360607,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007741352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091928826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028554022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3143035091","doi":"","title":"A review of dispersion modelling and particle trajectories in atmospheric flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Atmospheric dispersion modeling; Dispersion (optics); Particle (ecology); Environmental science; Meteorology; Statistical physics; Atmospheric sciences; Mechanics; Physics; Geology; Chemistry; Optics; Air pollution; Oceanography","score_opus":0.034201396384799194,"score_gpt":0.3099178266697874,"score_spread":0.2757164302849882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3143035091","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00015558167,0.9937715,0.003185521,0.00043227954,0.0007346282,0.0000073978786,0.00006634992,0.00003448527,0.0016123811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0012271461,0.99429625,0.0018513801,0.00015283335,0.000679853,0.000011290595,0.00007807654,0.000008992353,0.0016942177],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99960345,0.00005383699,0.00005092315,0.000085936634,0.00018036134,0.000025540165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990434,0.0005031404,0.00006349541,0.000047718237,0.00030161615,0.00004055847],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00088799745,0.0015343196,0.0028191428,0.0027604064,0.00052756164,0.0019548787,0.0019279876,0.0021437237,0.0042656474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018622918,0.0007779974,0.00074779417,0.007865257,0.0010351819,0.0020984425,0.0008973992,0.0016161281,0.003092794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052660904,0.000097120814,0.0003504707,0.013343014,0.00009820475,0.00015917722,0.00008616523,0.0074302633,0.001251864,0.014581322,0.0736023,0.8889475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016344347,0.000066617846,0.0009263569,0.0028450612,0.000092635375,0.00038813698,0.000050661627,0.002669986,0.0008081492,0.007892664,0.9841989,0.000044333396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01568888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016205152,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01568888,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015900369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0030494407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031195104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3144141660","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2021.185","title":"Long non-axisymmetric fibres in turbulent channel flow","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Interreg; Technische Universität Wien Bibliothek; Technische Universität Wien","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Rotational symmetry; Flow (mathematics); Channel (broadcasting); Open-channel flow; Materials science; Computer science; Physics; Telecommunications","score_opus":0.01011738495428005,"score_gpt":0.21981242630139358,"score_spread":0.20969504134711353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3144141660","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9492838,0.00059194356,0.0437255,0.00014044656,0.00007530421,0.000021151101,0.000055625696,0.00008133014,0.0060248855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993435,0.00014238998,0.0030218393,0.000012189828,0.000041511375,0.000009367048,0.000026289083,0.000021305266,0.0032899752],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988115,0.000031144118,0.0000060973935,0.000026125575,0.00003120786,0.00002430114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986786,0.00048706037,0.00031291568,0.00006566567,0.00017394751,0.00028178975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040819036,0.00039177126,0.00036472146,0.0007456892,0.0008446166,0.0014888806,0.00030935774,0.0006951476,0.0017094738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014691001,0.00035455768,0.00018425973,0.0003015993,0.001570659,0.0012259971,0.0006275301,0.00063923985,0.00029191058],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001992366,0.0007917443,0.018354222,0.0004327581,0.000070029826,0.0031509185,0.0020560448,0.26400208,0.23407832,0.42712632,0.0024795027,0.045465697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012570393,0.0006778079,0.044260547,0.00010365536,0.000031829215,0.0012683411,0.00083916134,0.7729159,0.017662514,0.15892601,0.0030653325,0.00012319772],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00084887794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007888205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017094738,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044546806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022880404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005718708},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3145776866","doi":"10.18280/mmep.080112","title":"Effect of Heat Transfer on the Growing Bubble with the Nanoparticles/Water Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Turbulence; Materials science; Bubble; Heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Superheating; Nanoparticle; Flow (mathematics); Heat transfer enhancement; Nanotechnology; Heat transfer coefficient; Physics","score_opus":0.009216699816375459,"score_gpt":0.1799867590146234,"score_spread":0.17077005919824795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3145776866","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98748255,0.00034759016,0.01115094,0.00005685845,0.000023555453,0.000012446422,0.00002462524,0.00005968696,0.0008417058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976829,0.00010285195,0.0017922915,0.000009222213,0.00000780152,0.000007660884,0.00001650033,0.000012920698,0.00036780344],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999131,0.00001617915,0.0000038213016,0.00001736816,0.00002809715,0.000021404028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997826,0.00013337674,0.00003202049,0.000008716561,0.000027957682,0.000015188142],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017510912,0.00023432655,0.0002257609,0.00014819244,0.00020419943,0.00024596395,0.00013670757,0.0001784383,0.00053710665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045288878,0.00011772729,0.0002354737,0.00008935462,0.00040999422,0.00042721117,0.00022748216,0.0002384819,0.000058402045],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019223883,0.000018791596,0.00055717764,0.00009569197,0.0000073313026,0.000092256465,0.00012910627,0.0051511936,0.9900395,0.0005315024,0.000038805785,0.0031463641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019299227,0.00022071111,0.0020769227,0.0000042677925,0.00001281125,0.000052830008,0.000042582527,0.059019055,0.93796957,0.00016888554,0.0004011695,0.000011788576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008315805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004185979,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008315805,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025412394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00013487182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018438101},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3150641477","doi":"","title":"Investigation of the effect of nozzle shape on supersonicJhypersonic impactors designed for size discrimination of nanoparticles","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"中国颗粒学报：英文版","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Conical surface; Supersonic speed; Materials science; Hypersonic speed; Mechanics; Spray nozzle; Particle size; Composite material; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Chemistry; Engineering","score_opus":0.012373673434574248,"score_gpt":0.22217695013526265,"score_spread":0.2098032767006884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3150641477","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9814185,0.0007188983,0.016428959,0.000039913302,0.000023510074,0.000086051,0.000064638436,0.00011360671,0.0011058882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865628,0.00041595654,0.012424347,0.000031203883,0.000005060889,0.000025963438,0.000075036616,0.000036035493,0.00042367177],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995363,0.00006145695,0.000029076897,0.000073856245,0.00022201578,0.00007741551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986675,0.00076696184,0.00021221052,0.0000712604,0.00022069474,0.000061333245],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008080593,0.0004393076,0.00046534144,0.00033170907,0.0003253623,0.00091617095,0.00048107546,0.00051396457,0.00070942397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002261155,0.00030924362,0.0004014447,0.0002851485,0.00035719175,0.00061141286,0.00038569022,0.00035295342,0.00014635785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00054495444,0.0001349118,0.004144046,0.00026554958,0.000041284326,0.00025856702,0.00013138186,0.027763428,0.94478256,0.00043467077,0.00011044771,0.0213881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000030502222,0.0009996573,0.010228485,0.000015510388,0.000046793557,0.00015410666,0.00012741225,0.06230966,0.9248531,0.000078191355,0.0011059991,0.000050551673],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012571398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021447334,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012571398,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072027976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042013184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005226016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3152777990","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2020-20274","title":"Analysis of Coupled CFD-DEM Simulations in Dense Particle-Laden Turbulent Jet Flow","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Nozzle; Materials science; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.021283545483306906,"score_gpt":0.2443664310953933,"score_spread":0.2230828856120864,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3152777990","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9314978,0.00018608973,0.058079552,0.00013100015,0.000053597316,0.00010600121,0.00028744127,0.0004633387,0.009195113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99052835,0.00003859698,0.008401623,0.000021400356,0.000006178874,0.000045054912,0.00018535565,0.000029163106,0.0007442825],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997832,0.000052552085,0.000012119933,0.000025570984,0.00008046179,0.00004602615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993112,0.000395577,0.000059900278,0.0000435473,0.00013157762,0.000058163467],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00053655374,0.00057164195,0.0005821552,0.00062772,0.00039894052,0.00062918355,0.00060031837,0.0008613958,0.0014460841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013847431,0.00029061848,0.00052194635,0.00035558912,0.00045696358,0.00036137432,0.0006172186,0.00041344596,0.000117012365],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013992982,0.00012390346,0.0044721467,0.000065815926,0.00003903747,0.00014211035,0.00005484472,0.98288673,0.0064152577,0.001038233,0.00017349317,0.0044485023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008235446,0.00002004712,0.0006220085,0.0000021888393,0.0000025479665,0.0000064862884,0.0000093442195,0.9980124,0.0011289137,0.00008131451,0.000103378276,0.0000031560044],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0071432022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003629635,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0071432022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054232066,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005340615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01420325},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3155408855","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24131","title":"Dilute gas‐particle suspension in a diffuser: A two‐fluid modelling approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Diffuser (optics); Volume fraction; Materials science; Suspension (topology); Particle (ecology); Volume (thermodynamics); Mechanics; Fraction (chemistry); Dissipation; Particle size; Range (aeronautics); Volumetric flow rate; Phase (matter); Thermodynamics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemistry; Chromatography; Composite material; Physics; Optics","score_opus":0.012810365196761589,"score_gpt":0.185747681612857,"score_spread":0.17293731641609542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3155408855","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.59322506,0.0007424635,0.37853846,0.0004987598,0.00009835053,0.00021875171,0.00042190478,0.00038170096,0.025874462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94482136,0.0005801719,0.0462672,0.000071493516,0.000035666544,0.0002131302,0.00022239739,0.000066993634,0.007721536],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988997,0.00003294326,0.0000051527836,0.0000224416,0.000033268258,0.0000162498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978215,0.00012352901,0.00002870524,0.000014430255,0.000034130248,0.000017120783],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003191476,0.0006874864,0.0010081356,0.00064999337,0.00049693557,0.0012714802,0.0010748042,0.0022409833,0.0014862502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005526211,0.0004157091,0.0010174337,0.00042453138,0.0006342355,0.0006290936,0.0006537118,0.00081678445,0.0002865523],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037738788,0.00004923836,0.00034256888,0.000034411274,0.000012612601,0.000059241986,0.000029887826,0.9891333,0.006530664,0.0022888053,0.00004655104,0.0014348681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005985244,0.0000118920625,0.00005810469,0.0000017844584,0.0000025190952,0.000005370304,0.000005608901,0.9991691,0.00045756655,0.00013831518,0.00013968386,0.0000041014864],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013141869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00498305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013141869,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085367303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010210956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026130736},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3156476480","doi":"10.5382/sp.20.13","title":"Evaluation of the Diavik Diamond Deposit","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Stornoway Diamond (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Diamond; Geology; Materials science; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.0273929967728831,"score_gpt":0.23711842816880366,"score_spread":0.20972543139592056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3156476480","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9341943,0.0012625629,0.0026143927,0.0003927231,0.000120768564,0.0005536704,0.004653952,0.00030629642,0.05590141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96954143,0.00038790784,0.0064836824,0.000069975904,0.000009335558,0.00007723947,0.0028599424,0.00011425349,0.02045633],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.99831104,0.00010691045,0.000081953025,0.00023687517,0.0010837157,0.00017947862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977843,0.00010759643,0.00013549352,0.00012542664,0.0016111807,0.00023600043],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018135235,0.0003915971,0.00039968258,0.0023164384,0.0015203094,0.0022192935,0.0010215134,0.00047980805,0.0047012893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00227089,0.00034812634,0.00024873708,0.0014762797,0.0005987022,0.0006012706,0.0011924715,0.00059110724,0.0011561309],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0042661433,0.00047302176,0.5738368,0.001619847,0.00022984308,0.006720178,0.0043129213,0.012801476,0.069772966,0.005122246,0.025614915,0.29522973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002462523,0.001981243,0.67330194,0.00065442716,0.0001764082,0.0056250547,0.013054879,0.012338984,0.057799727,0.0012485824,0.23336244,0.00020993869],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.093864456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2910375,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.093864456,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004025402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003797705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.18663615},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3158403285","doi":"","title":"Ice Formation via Deposition Mode Nucleation Onto Dust Particulates: The University of Toronto Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Particulates; Deposition (geology); Diffusion; Nucleation; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Ice nucleus; Mechanics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.008706488771473182,"score_gpt":0.1927042362672901,"score_spread":0.18399774749581693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3158403285","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98716587,0.00054540625,0.0062941113,0.00017298253,0.00004286717,0.00011558043,0.00072942505,0.00016566004,0.00476803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900305,0.00034962365,0.006224536,0.000029173423,0.00002415245,0.000040926905,0.00040431874,0.000032055257,0.002864588],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99961936,0.000032605014,0.000012128814,0.00014510484,0.00013436934,0.000056305424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99942964,0.00029367078,0.00005310426,0.00004191924,0.0000955523,0.00008607293],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004716824,0.000398226,0.00041907863,0.00024823978,0.0012209319,0.0011616822,0.00087521086,0.00046681488,0.0013916019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007073767,0.0003982759,0.0001982995,0.00024361393,0.0007462281,0.00053150306,0.0005118318,0.0006475303,0.00016632228],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001198436,0.00020925007,0.007186938,0.00016139873,0.00002431997,0.00017653892,0.00054880796,0.004964502,0.97688216,0.0013975431,0.0015446843,0.0057055117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00031482408,0.0008524246,0.015128657,0.00001529934,0.000039414397,0.00013797155,0.0001699972,0.0641652,0.9139337,0.00011751894,0.0050607016,0.00006421109],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.113798015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1443987,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.113798015,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003150894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002205284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.22627127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3160244796","doi":"10.1115/1.4051149","title":"On the Motion of Single and Twin Oblique Particle Clouds in Stagnant Water","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Oblique case; Particle (ecology); Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Centroid; Physics; Nozzle; Geology; Geometry; Mathematics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.010213199131261577,"score_gpt":0.1960207135992617,"score_spread":0.18580751446800015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3160244796","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987797,0.00003974515,0.00095846265,0.0000055868923,0.0000024694884,0.0000070132683,0.000029192342,0.000009119024,0.00016874114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992656,0.000029517952,0.00056902476,0.0000021233416,7.804368e-7,0.0000038556486,0.000024281038,0.0000018738459,0.00010285696],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999231,0.0000059476333,0.0000036025779,0.000015968797,0.000025807589,0.000025517236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983037,0.000054212484,0.000041177365,0.000009874446,0.000032676337,0.000031798103],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014599031,0.00014248292,0.00036788228,0.00026901223,0.00029455777,0.0002950263,0.00016734417,0.00016626138,0.00042068888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044899623,0.000119881515,0.00017131408,0.00021989674,0.0003926348,0.00028459227,0.00027556272,0.00015789404,0.000055252898],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041362963,0.00005616204,0.015354033,0.00007919475,0.0000149706675,0.0004991789,0.00017410431,0.013328745,0.95910156,0.00039756641,0.0000741556,0.010506599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000640305,0.0013490382,0.09780516,0.0000173698,0.0000357502,0.0002334699,0.00038437414,0.345271,0.5532128,0.0003765987,0.0011825208,0.00006783885],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005336008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034102532,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005336008,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003661589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003622496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010609925},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173259725","doi":"10.3390/fluids6080271","title":"A Study of RANS Turbulence Models in Fully Turbulent Jets: A Perspective for CFD-DEM Simulations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Turbulence modeling; K-epsilon turbulence model; Physics; K-omega turbulence model; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.03001081646881359,"score_gpt":0.282431055221363,"score_spread":0.25242023875254943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3173259725","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.11142066,0.002180394,0.86457497,0.0008502581,0.0001614456,0.00012485644,0.00043748567,0.00079973333,0.019450199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.85167813,0.0019420218,0.13982017,0.00016916427,0.00010760223,0.00017929063,0.00044938887,0.00020952443,0.005444593],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99968004,0.00013632064,0.000021731692,0.00003381652,0.00009388114,0.00003419606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993531,0.00030869193,0.0000721265,0.0000893778,0.00013994922,0.00003673999],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008177107,0.00076605804,0.00080229115,0.00056731893,0.00036698082,0.0011505735,0.0011083985,0.0011731348,0.0012144962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018584542,0.00038787714,0.00089915935,0.0004965487,0.0006178519,0.00122011,0.00068401557,0.00064458005,0.00029138007],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003627945,0.00006218588,0.0017917982,0.000098937584,0.000028214019,0.00012228153,0.000052396634,0.9531692,0.004103577,0.028293066,0.0004683271,0.011773692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002363732,0.00001495434,0.00023980014,0.000013078745,0.000001601043,0.00001941893,0.000012202375,0.997165,0.0004121671,0.001447167,0.0006657006,0.0000064806077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0053573446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002813861,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0053573446,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063778844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005505568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010652363},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3183027792","doi":"10.1063/5.0054906","title":"Impact of particle loading and phase coupling on gas–solid flow dynamics: A case study of a two-phase, gas–solid flow in an annular pipe","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Physics; Particle (ecology); Turbulence kinetic energy; Two-phase flow; Dispersion (optics); Flow (mathematics); Particle-laden flows; Reynolds stress; Coupling (piping); K-epsilon turbulence model; Phase (matter); Reynolds number; Materials science; Optics; Composite material; Geology","score_opus":0.022717513355611174,"score_gpt":0.34014666431237117,"score_spread":0.31742915095676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3183027792","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962723,0.00012302201,0.0028667229,0.000027294289,0.000008199453,0.00001466097,0.000032540316,0.000036269295,0.00061901193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985178,0.000050827402,0.001176318,0.0000039375627,0.0000032342252,0.0000061499723,0.000025408697,0.000005045387,0.00021122678],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997533,0.000051014984,0.000016636828,0.000055272933,0.00006749176,0.000056252902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99952126,0.00028750717,0.00007246056,0.00002911253,0.000047287616,0.000042364703],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041077964,0.00072275824,0.0007085675,0.0005524884,0.0006004442,0.0011311355,0.0004128005,0.0010242801,0.000524171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009128024,0.00024047635,0.000475999,0.0003713224,0.0009820346,0.0004961463,0.0005766532,0.00035935154,0.00009314185],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011783941,0.0008563223,0.023332126,0.0003285525,0.00007581676,0.004001146,0.00036191722,0.70676285,0.24947104,0.0022842938,0.0002458412,0.0111017795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000085918764,0.0010305882,0.012234659,0.00001606,0.00005663778,0.00040494782,0.00028276086,0.89221686,0.09262813,0.00041341758,0.00057083543,0.000059104175],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036956118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013191265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0036956118,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00043087982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000492505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00734818},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3193567910","doi":"10.2495/cmem-v9-n3-261-275","title":"Spherical particle migration evaluation in low reynolds number couette flow using smooth profile method","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reynolds number; Couette flow; Taylor–Couette flow; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Physics; Hele-Shaw flow; Particle method; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Geology; Mathematical analysis; Turbulence","score_opus":0.07412556431484237,"score_gpt":0.4280193354606375,"score_spread":0.3538937711457951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3193567910","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2494424,0.0002451205,0.74533945,0.00008281291,0.000047233727,0.00009836865,0.00008819879,0.00043894365,0.0042173886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89401907,0.00018178787,0.1033471,0.000015329102,0.000009541286,0.00006082033,0.00007592622,0.00005258654,0.0022377581],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998771,0.000025517524,0.0000074605564,0.000016471313,0.000050347455,0.000023062245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997609,0.00007838715,0.00003623104,0.000017438191,0.0000887457,0.000018206232],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038787656,0.00045182245,0.0003853266,0.00060717505,0.00032860055,0.0004818258,0.00050266145,0.000587326,0.0008257414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059959845,0.00015181645,0.00039636125,0.00038233635,0.00033183527,0.00043943786,0.00033577287,0.00028485205,0.00021100797],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00020064192,0.00012917406,0.00683587,0.00023433381,0.000025288871,0.000538022,0.00018392247,0.82627434,0.09520429,0.021659344,0.0006374296,0.048077457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000038025312,0.000017055028,0.00025516452,0.0000020721498,0.0000012384337,0.00001950026,0.0000069265257,0.99584454,0.0034452996,0.00024088187,0.00015935264,0.0000042221686],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0049851546,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022895017,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0049851546,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000468546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072120636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009912252},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3196022720","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0105","title":"Numerical Modeling of Particle Laden Flow in HVOF Torch with Gas Shroud","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shroud; Torch; Mechanics; Nozzle; Entrainment (biomusicology); Computational fluid dynamics; Plasma torch; Flow (mathematics); Turbulence; Combustion; Combustion chamber; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Engineering; Plasma; Metallurgy; Welding; Acoustics","score_opus":0.009928631056772308,"score_gpt":0.2082064461848071,"score_spread":0.1982778151280348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3196022720","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745389,0.00012129116,0.022549283,0.000067035486,0.00003033734,0.00004039156,0.00011209771,0.00017485477,0.0023657873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953701,0.000042018346,0.0038536482,0.0000061515107,0.0000044304584,0.000016486822,0.0000415228,0.000009317143,0.0006564206],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988043,0.000030096295,0.0000049431214,0.000021857028,0.000027786331,0.000034910678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997559,0.00013045753,0.000033275475,0.000017869435,0.000036248723,0.000026270827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025930826,0.0004201607,0.0006684389,0.0003899589,0.0007941933,0.0007037883,0.0005024244,0.0008411955,0.0008916809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006057382,0.00018423672,0.00037645176,0.0002589076,0.00091233203,0.00034158232,0.00036094963,0.000252757,0.000088881265],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016290968,0.000045398683,0.0025969164,0.000040539166,0.000013928057,0.00038729384,0.00006476269,0.9787553,0.014080116,0.0009907227,0.00016235505,0.0026997877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014074932,0.00004108101,0.0007725979,0.000002329807,0.0000032796852,0.000024502793,0.000018934508,0.9964593,0.0024113415,0.00009967822,0.0001469967,0.000005840173],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016882101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046405,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016882101,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008148631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000685922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.033567667},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3197272108","doi":"10.5194/acp-2021-594-rc1","title":"Comment on acp-2021-594","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"peer-review","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Settling; Deposition (geology); Surface roughness; Boundary layer; Momentum (technical analysis); Turbulence; Mechanics; Aerosol; Gravitation; Shear velocity; Planetary boundary layer; Flux (metallurgy); Surface finish; Roughness length; Materials science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Physics; Wind speed; Classical mechanics; Geology; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Geomorphology; Wind profile power law","score_opus":0.02853429733155371,"score_gpt":0.2873662442564741,"score_spread":0.2588319469249204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3197272108","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00066971744,0.0012039931,0.0005898254,0.47294587,0.31306463,0.00079264,0.0028594946,0.0019508244,0.20592299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0033797226,0.00087301293,0.00043138623,0.2892165,0.046912696,0.00052208145,0.0010189915,0.0006044883,0.6570411],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9963617,0.00024157627,0.0003132036,0.00037684606,0.0021563515,0.0005503578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9843127,0.0030651172,0.0005064635,0.00093376497,0.009171421,0.0020105462],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0036837887,0.0010297063,0.0010835578,0.0016485269,0.0045103664,0.004815092,0.0026052797,0.028361125,0.20643926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.035451848,0.0005323396,0.0011605672,0.0016703225,0.0017715236,0.0032876926,0.0018363773,0.0118705975,0.18162315],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012257312,0.0000071663108,0.000045831614,0.000026683474,8.1976776e-7,0.00007015411,0.000010174972,0.0000062965155,0.000034792218,0.00037367936,0.9972385,0.0021735115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011351305,0.00000853566,0.00042822407,0.000051882384,0.0000016799523,0.000026423148,0.000034252545,0.000032699005,0.00006798538,0.00032066964,0.9990089,0.000007339123],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028145062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.038007144,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.20643926,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0038434602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006101022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.69060814},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3198350446","doi":"10.1063/5.0066618","title":"Special topic on turbulent and multiphase flows","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Turbulence; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Multiphase flow; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.013787797668599954,"score_gpt":0.23381404126625668,"score_spread":0.22002624359765674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3198350446","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0024893838,0.04849864,0.003936958,0.019802127,0.7433949,0.0001905693,0.00043141033,0.00041349424,0.18084253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.009253728,0.02525232,0.0009673374,0.003957933,0.681975,0.0001941297,0.00053797907,0.00032549322,0.2775361],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99913824,0.000103857754,0.000060294216,0.0002459623,0.00029355826,0.00015804746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99834883,0.00030760834,0.000103060556,0.00009939539,0.00044658006,0.0006946316],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0012527693,0.0028647017,0.0034234214,0.0053055524,0.002478374,0.0051715886,0.0016672418,0.0061028586,0.13662097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018965588,0.00050814584,0.0026013795,0.0026289334,0.0010932164,0.0038695305,0.003800082,0.002611911,0.03687403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012172188,0.00014508501,0.00034225077,0.0011587661,0.00004051594,0.0004705253,0.00007839658,0.00040883338,0.001810827,0.012421536,0.9051835,0.077818014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028108085,0.00014940817,0.0018052266,0.0005509419,0.000038975784,0.0005679828,0.000089844194,0.0007723888,0.0005137563,0.009991165,0.98546576,0.000026430222],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00031273806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007179887,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.13662097,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012087857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010402403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4570427},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3199755187","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.195","title":"Assessment Of Turbulent Mixing In A Static Mixer Using Mean Age","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Turbulence; Static mixer; Statistical physics; Mechanics; Materials science; Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.0130893914656019,"score_gpt":0.2576731218075319,"score_spread":0.24458373034192998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3199755187","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815601,0.00043563166,0.016274484,0.00001553699,0.00001848036,0.000022504231,0.00010947002,0.000058615475,0.0015051445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921629,0.0002739679,0.006794857,0.000013997881,0.000009615045,0.000019352738,0.00014147813,0.000012071359,0.00057185366],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997583,0.000028532884,0.000021053342,0.000048354686,0.00010606552,0.00003761244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995999,0.00011398359,0.00008082523,0.000019889927,0.0001412334,0.000044226614],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007379699,0.0002992438,0.00036480406,0.00126799,0.00038952995,0.00064091955,0.00016962572,0.00030320717,0.0004943862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00065711484,0.00015236797,0.0003043445,0.0005930162,0.0003264249,0.00060964125,0.00036955014,0.00034626716,0.00012490347],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049525953,0.00010913009,0.03572081,0.00009780073,0.000029372666,0.00011386619,0.00029880682,0.0041069677,0.9398735,0.00097160117,0.00007527762,0.01810768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000028793645,0.0019343755,0.15533434,0.00002698538,0.0001207208,0.0003914645,0.0005466062,0.069173396,0.76967525,0.0006861626,0.0019601965,0.00012170789],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00091880973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010888827,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00126799,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024343029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020861857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003902793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3200720202","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.54","title":"Deposition Of A Circular Liquid Jet On A Moving Wall","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Jet (fluid); Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Optics; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.006780269582179873,"score_gpt":0.20680162378889386,"score_spread":0.200021354206714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3200720202","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97349054,0.0006894327,0.019574635,0.00009440126,0.00008293467,0.000029069968,0.00007380429,0.00021327971,0.005751824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783715,0.0003884423,0.016997654,0.000059387643,0.000018717757,0.000016387989,0.00011506415,0.000032274216,0.0040006842],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999877,0.0000062917957,0.0000069182693,0.00003214652,0.00004186951,0.000035773563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998648,0.00003073578,0.000034806944,0.00001792337,0.00002510218,0.00002649898],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014073016,0.00026610313,0.00027716337,0.00025548218,0.0003705367,0.0007207024,0.00030563376,0.0005000386,0.0009820417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028140744,0.00023781139,0.00027619582,0.0001884108,0.00034961718,0.00029049744,0.00037692254,0.00031362125,0.0003594663],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000703098,0.00002942532,0.0005759072,0.000057213598,0.000006361245,0.000569495,0.000045402605,0.005319647,0.98748463,0.0011544379,0.00014895719,0.004538322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003984069,0.0004387938,0.0033899904,0.000020045674,0.000016445478,0.0003823202,0.00006656127,0.09155635,0.9012632,0.0002753321,0.0025123085,0.000038785874],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011773849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012024232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011773849,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00039315518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045113103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0032852888},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201072699","doi":"10.1007/s00445-021-01472-1","title":"Sediment waves and the gravitational stability of volcanic jets","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of Volcanology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Buoyancy; Plume; Geology; Mechanics; Neutral buoyancy; Stokes number; Volcano; Explosive eruption; Physics; Geophysics; Meteorology; Turbulence; Seismology; Magma; Reynolds number","score_opus":0.009041987162011775,"score_gpt":0.20698670535013736,"score_spread":0.1979447181881256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3201072699","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9699962,0.0017811335,0.011901778,0.0015957583,0.00021583195,0.000008969897,0.00010360769,0.000048340375,0.01434823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99750865,0.00039144064,0.00028469428,0.000023533488,0.00009557988,0.0000014164586,0.000026893524,0.000010922036,0.0016568113],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99992776,0.000016444023,0.0000057178463,0.000010772986,0.000022468728,0.000016896387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995921,0.00013296376,0.000106823376,0.000020587457,0.000076661694,0.000070989314],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019722884,0.00026949355,0.0002435171,0.0010178641,0.00049699197,0.001926422,0.00035314422,0.0006409065,0.0012815136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017829058,0.00020775985,0.0002024944,0.00053785666,0.001364677,0.0008151741,0.00082854525,0.0006247765,0.00016936296],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008276106,0.00019511495,0.048196938,0.00019948518,0.0002021516,0.001803996,0.0016553777,0.24851301,0.04894433,0.58114994,0.0046063843,0.06370575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011132333,0.00010119174,0.067938745,0.000040761122,0.000050874885,0.00032740788,0.0007194166,0.70367354,0.0037255792,0.21899132,0.004242053,0.00007780639],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036522627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016597442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0036522627,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000588574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003207331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007262051},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3201942753","doi":"10.1029/2021gl094621","title":"Hygroscopic Seeding Effects of Giant Aerosol Particles Simulated by the Lagrangian‐Particle‐Based Direct Numerical Simulation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","keywords":"Seeding; Supersaturation; Aerosol; Adiabatic process; Cloud condensation nuclei; Turbulence; Mechanics; Coalescence (physics); Particle (ecology); Condensation; Entrainment (biomusicology); Computer simulation; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.021585894424540255,"score_gpt":0.3022488388067472,"score_spread":0.28066294438220696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3201942753","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902547,0.00006335706,0.005757875,0.00006302045,0.000018275587,0.000035156536,0.000092108676,0.00011563929,0.003599909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982439,0.000021324327,0.0014407681,0.000014856598,0.0000035012138,0.000012885817,0.000038355316,0.000010918034,0.00021343319],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999905,0.000026620766,0.0000041676167,0.0000134032625,0.000024471912,0.000026420808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99947244,0.0002922197,0.000060004575,0.000038471837,0.000066527224,0.000070396265],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00028660995,0.00039546003,0.0004598386,0.00030223542,0.0003071624,0.0004239149,0.00065518596,0.0005759971,0.0008598443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001194705,0.00020684036,0.0003910284,0.00020060131,0.0005104854,0.00028962275,0.00042107466,0.0003664718,0.000069822076],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001190285,0.00010118035,0.0045643523,0.00003441779,0.00003012076,0.00014896935,0.00005125087,0.9797595,0.012296392,0.0010896395,0.000118640004,0.0016864879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020803442,0.000024905868,0.00059813604,0.0000016121888,0.000003494644,0.0000067438223,0.0000056620174,0.9978124,0.001406869,0.000063155785,0.00005272462,0.0000034563488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.016893756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005921897,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016893756,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007658099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007505514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.033590853},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3204165318","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2021.752","title":"On the lifespan of recirculating suspensions with pulsatile flow","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pulsatile flow; Strouhal number; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Amplitude; Suspension (topology); Entrainment (biomusicology); Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Turbulence; Optics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.0138277538809638,"score_gpt":0.20890951430063445,"score_spread":0.19508176041967065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3204165318","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921108,0.00071665185,0.005776608,0.00004339678,0.00001165786,0.000015549516,0.00040078393,0.000065203465,0.0008593903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954205,0.0005007344,0.0022997935,0.000033094984,0.0000054993748,0.00005680032,0.0007143055,0.00002937337,0.00093989767],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998012,0.000018759869,0.0000136526905,0.00004934862,0.00007689941,0.000040093026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993517,0.00019189643,0.00018425079,0.000053095104,0.00016394888,0.00005507759],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000279798,0.00025337416,0.00026302758,0.00047824415,0.00021062283,0.0003670499,0.00028433139,0.00021984645,0.0008263872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007055068,0.000106518215,0.00016337557,0.00039362587,0.00025344716,0.00053545024,0.00032983968,0.00050755695,0.00022329499],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021053423,0.00004976748,0.0046392023,0.000100591285,0.000019916895,0.00010652346,0.00019554695,0.002487577,0.9770503,0.000252676,0.0000973124,0.014790039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006802633,0.00035905355,0.018219808,0.000019315023,0.00003213246,0.000079689635,0.00011051504,0.018892827,0.9606019,0.00014761493,0.0015094195,0.000020833317],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00062257965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00043902232,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008263872,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036498476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002168821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002764523},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3211442776","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1525","title":"A Fully Eulerian Approach to Particle-Laden Compressible Flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Eulerian path; Compressibility; Momentum (technical analysis); Compressible flow; Mixing (physics); Shock wave; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Particle velocity; Torch; Classical mechanics; Materials science","score_opus":0.012748031534172819,"score_gpt":0.20921995163275967,"score_spread":0.19647192009858686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3211442776","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.027528789,0.00080025505,0.9603479,0.00032148312,0.00015901674,0.00006672606,0.000087595894,0.00014374929,0.010544465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7013382,0.0022091134,0.28043026,0.00016411109,0.0004176436,0.0003017538,0.00017678866,0.000154584,0.014807653],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998621,0.000045538614,0.000005326657,0.0000119847045,0.00006229373,0.000012634298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983263,0.00006376461,0.000018752857,0.000020875681,0.000047431586,0.00001653495],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003775645,0.0005618752,0.00046300943,0.0006041592,0.00046957188,0.00072866265,0.0007762804,0.0005551417,0.0018327606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006473109,0.00028081913,0.00046437213,0.0003528972,0.0011958743,0.0010509088,0.00083410734,0.00089448574,0.00027538466],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002006005,0.00003183059,0.00025976225,0.00005561862,0.000016938116,0.00011503341,0.00009310449,0.6681177,0.004076529,0.31637886,0.00050880306,0.010325738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000062922522,0.000008169856,0.00007068354,0.0000035617093,0.0000019774693,0.000008594913,0.000005757006,0.9745842,0.0002600351,0.02337928,0.0016682312,0.000003250882],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0036151286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00208229,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0036151286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00060428964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00081729976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007188201},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3211598365","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-70672-2_5","title":"Gas and Particle Dynamics in Thermal Spray","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Overheating (electricity); Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Plasma; Heat transfer; Materials science; Thermal; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.01000127178861851,"score_gpt":0.19735883541486982,"score_spread":0.1873575636262513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W3211598365","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0032596155,0.09606536,0.047894012,0.0021340009,0.0063001974,0.00007672705,0.000117111194,0.00025330108,0.84389955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.024089865,0.04870328,0.010426775,0.0006681777,0.0018965565,0.0000822339,0.00011787104,0.00026361743,0.9137516],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990344,0.000020677073,0.0000024434175,0.000011308436,0.000053786574,0.000008407507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99995744,0.000020088279,0.0000019209147,0.000005093732,0.000011125065,0.0000043615937],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013352743,0.00076794706,0.0006498549,0.00063006475,0.0006290388,0.0011166848,0.00061790756,0.0009594543,0.017800996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00026866462,0.00034371298,0.00042427104,0.00088451203,0.0009509691,0.0017575535,0.0007235494,0.0016442288,0.0051104794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012941595,0.000051983807,0.00005942158,0.00036565503,0.000008071702,0.00012793097,0.0003195212,0.0061655766,0.0017448185,0.7671348,0.13385901,0.09015035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000061957808,0.000029186978,0.00022913376,0.00020657871,0.000007999933,0.00022255578,0.00011401975,0.0083833905,0.00092501804,0.22611424,0.76374835,0.0000133227295],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018555465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003014657,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017800996,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008025656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006206334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.059550226},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W32380844","doi":"10.1177/0846537120924606","title":"Моделирование нестационарного падения сферической капли в поле сил тяжести","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Drop (telecommunication); Mechanics; Sedimentation; Physics; Geology; Engineering; Geomorphology; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.007711309620712,"score_gpt":0.18323394082788083,"score_spread":0.17552263120716882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W32380844","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.06757977,0.0830372,0.12805077,0.021024521,0.010699297,0.0008075687,0.0020362607,0.0014437481,0.68532085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.54276294,0.09624497,0.15415445,0.0030876952,0.0030173974,0.0011588456,0.0014722684,0.0008611917,0.19724022],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9964998,0.0005700147,0.00022198584,0.000376555,0.0020601677,0.0002713749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974179,0.0006888374,0.00035054202,0.00035626808,0.0009953661,0.00019116253],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0026907285,0.00046648862,0.0005016417,0.0020747199,0.0015040024,0.0044459705,0.0007812697,0.0013070873,0.028611066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005393856,0.00053823926,0.0007311256,0.0019617213,0.0018622448,0.0018619354,0.0016495404,0.0022419537,0.012514418],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023371865,0.00015280224,0.0030178856,0.0013918249,0.00006499157,0.0017987496,0.002466551,0.0012665993,0.030663554,0.25303963,0.053223882,0.6526798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022448814,0.000090855465,0.0017854234,0.00031279246,0.000033877728,0.0010285028,0.0005990028,0.0004702414,0.013886068,0.0126620745,0.96903044,0.000078344274],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046889964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0072433613,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028611066,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0015861175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003945982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.095713556},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W36351172","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04311","title":"Numerical Analysis of Two-Phase Turbulent Flow in Horizontal Channel with Experimental Verification","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Turbulence; Drag; Buoyancy; Flow (mathematics); Coupling (piping); Two-phase flow; Particle (ecology); Physics; Open-channel flow; Classical mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Geology; Materials science","score_opus":0.009819392840869958,"score_gpt":0.21886125118022853,"score_spread":0.20904185833935857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W36351172","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.80168337,0.0006288875,0.16676173,0.0006637826,0.0002702745,0.00024764825,0.0026814153,0.0018242955,0.025238667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9776684,0.00014545793,0.01902215,0.00003072637,0.000012223446,0.0001043136,0.00048835,0.00004779328,0.0024806254],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998202,0.000027333661,0.000012995163,0.000043388034,0.000054360615,0.000041818923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931014,0.00031829468,0.00007283659,0.000046560504,0.00020858436,0.000043610136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039876695,0.00057220476,0.0005353234,0.0006041846,0.0007956431,0.00081372936,0.00066906377,0.0012884069,0.003674715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009948204,0.0002144659,0.00055104867,0.00059290626,0.00067822146,0.00055990566,0.00053901033,0.000679204,0.00030555014],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024100156,0.00029017098,0.009302898,0.00018525058,0.00003723672,0.00034229062,0.0001362138,0.9553963,0.016389035,0.0045626806,0.0012891785,0.011827674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001093207,0.00002649145,0.0007926801,0.0000047685044,0.0000030196663,0.0000095741025,0.00002287082,0.9976084,0.0010756911,0.00021001647,0.00022678265,0.000008732112],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.017695481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007314769,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.017695481,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005994196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008882365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03518498},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200137289","doi":"10.1007/s00193-021-01063-1","title":"Coupled modeling and numerical simulation of gas flows laden with solid particles in de Laval nozzles","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Shock Waves","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Central South University; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nozzle; Mechanics; Mach number; Stagnation pressure; Stagnation temperature; Materials science; Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Tuyere; Boundary layer; Supersonic speed; Physics; Thermodynamics; Stagnation point; Heat transfer; Geology","score_opus":0.012853918711198202,"score_gpt":0.24750441412252394,"score_spread":0.23465049541132574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4200137289","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9588342,0.00019235173,0.030882576,0.00027239614,0.00007435216,0.00007136595,0.00012437189,0.00027086778,0.009277678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99532324,0.00005566737,0.0027813294,0.000037536793,0.000011887779,0.000029668403,0.000055115404,0.00002974433,0.0016757885],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997148,0.00006762098,0.000017210174,0.00004814933,0.000068118585,0.00008403008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993647,0.00033128748,0.0000762878,0.0000472872,0.000087634464,0.000092821654],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041976653,0.0006401626,0.0010235553,0.0006627492,0.0009914562,0.0019444107,0.001345262,0.0021851137,0.0014858765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015432701,0.0006213703,0.0008255627,0.00047859145,0.0016287024,0.000938682,0.0014799872,0.0010176266,0.00018425412],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007795103,0.00007510503,0.0011734782,0.000012333268,0.000020278949,0.00009070496,0.000057059464,0.9934916,0.0029687188,0.0010304713,0.000057336292,0.00094498176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013876039,0.00001771926,0.00024523961,0.0000011235663,0.000002596776,0.000004840745,0.000012560717,0.99903023,0.00050007197,0.00011678307,0.000050872746,0.000004112971],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.025250837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0072465474,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.025250837,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017209632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012509342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.050207734},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205320107","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24361","title":"Numerical simulation on the larger concentration difference characteristics of dense granular jet in a coaxial gas stream","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Coaxial; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Materials science; Particle (ecology); Dispersion (optics); Volume (thermodynamics); Volume fraction; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Thermodynamics; Optics; Composite material","score_opus":0.009499546566258368,"score_gpt":0.19395441892896367,"score_spread":0.1844548723627053,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205320107","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.96373093,0.00016243992,0.029240094,0.00019122146,0.00006328962,0.00004477445,0.00014212393,0.00021034383,0.006214728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99527407,0.000048106274,0.0037525743,0.000012865075,0.0000053951717,0.000018324357,0.000057844467,0.00000962711,0.0008212502],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998554,0.00002847612,0.000010033517,0.00002366174,0.000045787972,0.000036644942],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993717,0.00032594995,0.00008242854,0.00004064042,0.00012287626,0.000056491153],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039181107,0.0005335347,0.00056272116,0.0004349494,0.00069632917,0.00072923466,0.000600201,0.001109725,0.0012293203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011858077,0.00025530736,0.00051667006,0.0004841314,0.0007580207,0.0005030265,0.00041428057,0.00049112464,0.00009860858],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012509197,0.00008727315,0.0034290995,0.000052078103,0.000012766378,0.0002718495,0.00006353096,0.98780537,0.0046483935,0.0011536663,0.000136877,0.0022140003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011737699,0.000018465184,0.00040432374,0.0000015968835,0.000002039675,0.000006942634,0.000011438655,0.9989071,0.00053030276,0.00005784544,0.000045295757,0.0000029623654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028325181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007853812,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028325181,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007876705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006718161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.056320608},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205626823","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24375","title":"Characterization of blast furnace slag particles generated by nitrogen jet granulation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Sphericity; Granulation; Materials science; Slag (welding); Jet (fluid); Nitrogen; Viscosity; Composite material; Ground granulated blast-furnace slag; Atmospheric pressure; Air blast; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Metallurgy; Mechanics; Chemistry; Chromatography; Meteorology; Physics","score_opus":0.005932410565765856,"score_gpt":0.16495387421378543,"score_spread":0.15902146364801958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205626823","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966247,0.00021221556,0.0026115088,0.000010312004,0.0000074341197,0.000018848948,0.00009902201,0.000032796615,0.0003830536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99724054,0.00010033877,0.0020965973,0.0000089911055,0.0000025247423,0.00001015361,0.00013035572,0.000016191276,0.00039429884],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998204,0.000013357877,0.00000775008,0.000030252322,0.00010941759,0.0000187956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998672,0.00003259332,0.000032874275,0.000011048973,0.000040424948,0.000015841752],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018925597,0.00014229557,0.00021531248,0.00029191116,0.00019145686,0.00020801257,0.00011927763,0.00020024377,0.0005205622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002750944,0.00010067848,0.00023262827,0.00019906768,0.00026482827,0.00018627514,0.00011900553,0.00018104915,0.00007416919],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005902798,0.000006224773,0.00062785175,0.000032387074,0.0000031739166,0.000051000825,0.00006238249,0.00023103358,0.9973098,0.000029560963,0.000020193496,0.0015673842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014041553,0.00019041855,0.028719865,0.0000047939975,0.0000107025435,0.000101318576,0.000071066934,0.0035967433,0.96648,0.00003213089,0.00076937635,0.000009483791],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016757669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0020587975,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016757669,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00021968929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100862584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033320785},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205856149","doi":"10.21272/jes.2021.8(2).f2","title":"Dimet Laval Nozzle Expansion Section Analysis and Optimization","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Nozzle; Materials science; Discharge coefficient; Rocket engine nozzle; Mechanics; Coating; Deposition (geology); Acceleration; Spray nozzle; Cross section (physics); Inlet; Section (typography); Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Geology; Computer science; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.007307254301596514,"score_gpt":0.21989389961947256,"score_spread":0.21258664531787605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4205856149","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.37223005,0.0012926444,0.5726789,0.00038141265,0.00014494183,0.0003700009,0.0016134949,0.0027074777,0.048581123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.81467617,0.00043758957,0.17693296,0.000049416227,0.000012142578,0.00028095522,0.0010825325,0.00025938542,0.006268863],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997602,0.00001698473,0.0000129831615,0.000031752905,0.00013246032,0.00004564245],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997594,0.00006881744,0.00003583276,0.000014741161,0.00011036614,0.000010782889],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00049191614,0.00042334627,0.00051494554,0.00078831584,0.0004472325,0.0008454923,0.00058548583,0.00050302426,0.0041958294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007674752,0.0003090388,0.000656783,0.00069638033,0.00017645804,0.00046608906,0.00030916845,0.0004059668,0.00063032395],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002787324,0.00021356158,0.008362135,0.0006160691,0.000044294746,0.0003201594,0.00015587988,0.7270539,0.12669732,0.011545961,0.004777598,0.11993438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029785515,0.000100661484,0.00211659,0.000015182777,0.000016794442,0.000059866186,0.0000424276,0.95162535,0.040349558,0.00052753155,0.0050887982,0.000027495656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0037704292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034013968,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0041958294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008561556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010644002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014036477},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206001545","doi":"10.1007/s00348-021-03379-1","title":"Experimental study of sand-water swirling jets in stagnant water","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nozzle; Momentum (technical analysis); Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Drag; Particle (ecology); Drag coefficient; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.02006308474517984,"score_gpt":0.2731745882848661,"score_spread":0.2531115035396863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206001545","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968072,0.00014043484,0.001963362,0.000023386037,0.000017535256,0.000030304098,0.000085840686,0.0000770247,0.0008548593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974101,0.00010597555,0.0015511865,0.0000119040715,0.000009024775,0.000015924943,0.000085606305,0.000020011725,0.00079022744],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99968946,0.00004065272,0.00001824581,0.000056638117,0.000105936706,0.00008912015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991736,0.00037489287,0.000084689724,0.00008227995,0.00018816725,0.00009632426],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044091867,0.00046059932,0.00047498127,0.00034499855,0.0008333832,0.0004862311,0.00049226236,0.0004947784,0.0020806885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009179417,0.0002146852,0.00026224632,0.00041311065,0.00068293884,0.00048744108,0.0004517729,0.0005240781,0.00023309897],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006252071,0.00029310235,0.0013160612,0.0000855187,0.0000085654965,0.00023060781,0.00023551636,0.0007775536,0.9925929,0.00022969695,0.00011033178,0.003495006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010911833,0.0029752424,0.010134812,0.000009883762,0.000020052303,0.00014503194,0.00023548979,0.009885869,0.975272,0.00013721766,0.0010442948,0.000031035524],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011094803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009505448,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020806885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030101588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035014687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006960571},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206072296","doi":"10.3390/app12010343","title":"Numerical Simulation of Non-Spherical Submicron Particle Acceleration and Focusing in a Converging–Diverging Micronozzle","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Nozzle; Aerodynamics; Acceleration; Materials science; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Classical mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.016735738084346502,"score_gpt":0.2556595049774137,"score_spread":0.23892376689306719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206072296","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8943201,0.00042814287,0.08756508,0.000517084,0.00013848077,0.00009670974,0.00034148153,0.0003092969,0.016283693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9791133,0.00015020405,0.017233336,0.000055767963,0.000009439644,0.00007769325,0.00014277294,0.000024377723,0.0031930937],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998834,0.000022569673,0.000006295341,0.000017667158,0.000031281474,0.000038831568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999587,0.0002066043,0.00006571587,0.000021290125,0.00006912021,0.00005035037],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031915674,0.00038724698,0.0005771253,0.00039851537,0.0007344392,0.00067436177,0.0005980409,0.0012991398,0.0012159188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008379023,0.00022111702,0.0005043403,0.00038656226,0.00072046346,0.0004158974,0.00048577058,0.00051562313,0.00011992656],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006359007,0.00005080966,0.0017064384,0.00004294627,0.00001315591,0.00019367751,0.00008732028,0.98627675,0.005905313,0.0034275937,0.0002052572,0.0020271493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008239324,0.000014233453,0.00022856599,0.0000022106942,0.0000016868673,0.0000084019675,0.000015662592,0.9988901,0.0005483622,0.00014876788,0.00013030577,0.0000034633006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01588072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055280826,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01588072,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007227878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011974353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031576574},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206737773","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.7.014302","title":"Cluster formation during particle settling in stratified fluid","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Settling; Cluster (spacecraft); Particle (ecology); Physics; Computer science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.012817699854347884,"score_gpt":0.26184062743103603,"score_spread":0.24902292757668815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4206737773","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98253524,0.0007106053,0.012517894,0.00011033651,0.000056416535,0.00004913727,0.00011893256,0.00016851285,0.0037327944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99639446,0.00015129219,0.0012443779,0.000022831793,0.000010324892,0.000015416914,0.00010733861,0.00002491898,0.0020290494],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987066,0.000007177712,0.000003905448,0.00003523515,0.000035666984,0.000047309604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998202,0.000028597171,0.00003410018,0.000014718976,0.000041873238,0.000060656603],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014225635,0.0001660855,0.00033950064,0.00037801685,0.00093462947,0.0006545937,0.00026848438,0.0002985886,0.0014962872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040756725,0.0002775701,0.00020493263,0.0002026553,0.0005113698,0.00036890584,0.00045938714,0.00033797973,0.00045948723],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005844843,0.000090702946,0.01075763,0.00013587807,0.000052575553,0.00075446005,0.00069362024,0.015414724,0.94291973,0.0072665443,0.0020067275,0.019322902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012008037,0.0005446255,0.08275363,0.000025390982,0.00005483228,0.0004598013,0.00042991855,0.13538906,0.76531756,0.005388996,0.009428426,0.000087756955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004544757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0041008038,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004544757,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008986819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061870983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009036601},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210515810","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-69858","title":"Prediction of Shock Wave Position Considering Non-Equilibrium Phase Change of Wet Natural Gas in Nozzle","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Shock wave; Nozzle; Shock tube; Moving shock; Oblique shock; Shock (circulatory); Isentropic process; Separator (oil production); Thermodynamics; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.030461989235320196,"score_gpt":0.2462677884667685,"score_spread":0.2158057992314483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4210515810","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87197083,0.00010301542,0.12498572,0.000063781714,0.000027185646,0.000029990122,0.000103376595,0.00035482863,0.0023611202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99576277,0.000047005324,0.0037431607,0.0000037414115,0.0000018950302,0.000008099426,0.000041654064,0.000010715557,0.00038107048],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999254,0.000009371518,0.000004967701,0.00001483325,0.000026531436,0.000018845354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998215,0.000082060425,0.000024356414,0.00000950154,0.000050133312,0.000012479001],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023119412,0.00029595118,0.00020018747,0.000418562,0.00024853463,0.00041270882,0.00033411355,0.0005585646,0.0007769798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007141247,0.00016692108,0.00033485878,0.00021061781,0.0002679706,0.0005222106,0.00022624749,0.00024086988,0.00011249093],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013267055,0.00004497722,0.015510862,0.00008957201,0.000013382686,0.0004643251,0.00011244526,0.9270559,0.037399206,0.0023020357,0.00025013133,0.016624555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005365016,0.000023771281,0.0015933295,0.0000024602782,0.000002025376,0.000014160908,0.00001780098,0.99306184,0.0050796093,0.0001370472,0.00005768145,0.0000049048354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059004086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019208904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0059004086,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044200668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045221453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011732161},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211030913","doi":"10.3390/nano12040599","title":"An Analysis for Variable Physical Properties Involved in the Nano-Biofilm Transportation of Sutterby Fluid across Shrinking/Stretching Surface","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nanomaterials","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Nusselt number; Nanofluid; Viscosity; Thermal conductivity; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.01912543262660968,"score_gpt":0.2561570181865449,"score_spread":0.23703158555993523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4211030913","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.928232,0.00019087103,0.070466794,0.00004292221,0.00000767666,0.000025892947,0.000051952524,0.00008170629,0.00090025377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896773,0.00011558432,0.009740126,0.00000552608,0.0000020351697,0.00001578473,0.00004501581,0.0000089546875,0.00038964368],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999423,0.000012107028,0.000003883361,0.000014203472,0.000018149478,0.000009272853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997271,0.00014904427,0.000055807177,0.000019769945,0.000039637955,0.00000868801],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025598373,0.00029774292,0.00021185406,0.00056291965,0.00017598656,0.0003140374,0.0001582048,0.00025017458,0.0005485846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007220429,0.000059823713,0.0003432519,0.00022481747,0.0002466337,0.00035160469,0.00014916554,0.00020776817,0.00006622944],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002266605,0.00011045107,0.011912766,0.00024264512,0.000028576014,0.00033013444,0.00016742203,0.09266458,0.85756636,0.003980526,0.0001276586,0.032642163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005659039,0.00026155516,0.019130914,0.000008795965,0.000032240987,0.00014925764,0.0001289021,0.76522315,0.21366224,0.0008561926,0.00051192095,0.000029213043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00092620344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005641443,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00092620344,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000180957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019212929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018416047},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213416983","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2022.2030463","title":"Development and testing of a universal aerosol conditioner","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Aerosol; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Chemistry; Dilution; Volumetric flow rate; Gas phase; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.01265866957341514,"score_gpt":0.21006986257210897,"score_spread":0.19741119299869384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4213416983","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.71292764,0.001457975,0.27097103,0.00035304757,0.00033386558,0.0022110564,0.00073275145,0.007547403,0.0034653416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8292096,0.00045537986,0.16495211,0.0002043378,0.00005550429,0.00057219324,0.00053780834,0.00024083424,0.003772124],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99657273,0.00035883384,0.0002662037,0.00068486016,0.0018609168,0.00025641656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99648523,0.0009919528,0.0003151088,0.0005466647,0.0014074132,0.00025359576],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0035681145,0.00067436276,0.0011572085,0.0006938679,0.0006072683,0.0007386862,0.0022307658,0.0012982986,0.0028937608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005707961,0.00041856596,0.0004170877,0.0003603993,0.00089435955,0.0013632767,0.00086817617,0.00067342474,0.00059216394],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00068782165,0.0005850957,0.0055759666,0.0009147764,0.00008261656,0.00031030815,0.00033696243,0.010726811,0.85673654,0.0024338476,0.0017213089,0.11988789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017634517,0.004802598,0.005747714,0.00006702557,0.00009164779,0.0007865729,0.00006157456,0.049343187,0.9245324,0.00020223917,0.014106506,0.00008217143],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009910384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00048756262,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0035681145,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006778593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013567584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018870234},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224077184","doi":"10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002004","title":"Investigating the Effectiveness of Vortex-Enhanced Particle Settling in a Hydraulic Separator Using Physical Modeling","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Settling; Separator (oil production); Mechanics; Vortex; Hydraulics; Inflow; Particle (ecology); Inlet; Particle size; Environmental science; Materials science; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Environmental engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.008541486940930392,"score_gpt":0.2131355044258668,"score_spread":0.20459401748493639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4224077184","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8633196,0.0005063274,0.13240327,0.00014637654,0.00003385928,0.00009255707,0.00008709074,0.00026274082,0.0031481967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833915,0.00026721688,0.015394079,0.000015545449,0.000004477871,0.000033534103,0.00004821888,0.000011144564,0.0008342802],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998516,0.000030588755,0.00001580292,0.00003128239,0.000050144623,0.000020430833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997578,0.00013573887,0.0000372241,0.000017711378,0.000042580195,0.000008988032],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00054689986,0.00029204838,0.00036931914,0.00031864413,0.0003432645,0.00061314076,0.00038852807,0.00047939183,0.00048396506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00079552596,0.00016247516,0.00036590258,0.00022775603,0.00032192387,0.000698104,0.00030251534,0.00025031273,0.00011280071],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026655407,0.00026906544,0.006178589,0.00043677795,0.000052512343,0.00023012387,0.0001867085,0.45364603,0.4978493,0.004312587,0.00020046301,0.036371306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020392503,0.0003204279,0.0014849233,0.000010633101,0.000021041196,0.000036384474,0.00003798249,0.83619887,0.1605213,0.00040323654,0.000926639,0.000018133924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019488751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018245747,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019488751,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000462975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00073226675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0038750768},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225093780","doi":"10.1063/5.0091511","title":"Effects of immiscible interface and particle channelization on particle dynamics of oblique oily sand jets","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"RES’EAU-WaterNET","keywords":"Jet (fluid); Particle (ecology); Nozzle; Mechanics; Physics; Oblique case; Particle size; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.006897695637504067,"score_gpt":0.22191888468805837,"score_spread":0.2150211890505543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4225093780","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99793184,0.00015553208,0.0016128148,0.000005858802,0.0000039701767,0.000005900216,0.000015089953,0.000015230657,0.0002538339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989405,0.00014284563,0.0007438181,0.0000054620214,0.0000016980591,0.000004063906,0.000019774123,0.0000057411467,0.00013606281],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989426,0.000006170914,0.0000067972555,0.00002026242,0.000036506113,0.000035986537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978465,0.00006731903,0.00007578286,0.000010992077,0.000027610002,0.00003356903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00011022571,0.00023380165,0.00023935207,0.00019840636,0.0001693229,0.00040120177,0.000100885474,0.00013454723,0.00035240455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035322385,0.00014607386,0.0001897784,0.00014860053,0.00028266615,0.0003646862,0.00023450734,0.00021996051,0.000051910127],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018657665,0.000022490794,0.0060200896,0.000047211546,0.000009043419,0.00022336563,0.000093997,0.0020986262,0.98644155,0.00014990011,0.000015013208,0.0046921447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019431138,0.00024674775,0.038551114,0.000006763941,0.000023676093,0.00012422919,0.00019175507,0.03156986,0.92846256,0.000112951035,0.00066839467,0.00002248371],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016176499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012152797,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016176499,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029899427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021480561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003216505},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4230166070","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14655153.v1","title":"Measuring the mechanical properties of apoptotic cells using particle tracking microrheology","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Microrheology; Viscoelasticity; Tracking (education); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Dynamic modulus; Elastic modulus; Rheology; Mechanics; Biological system; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Composite material; Physics; Polymer","score_opus":0.07745874700872282,"score_gpt":0.23494684838277988,"score_spread":0.15748810137405705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4230166070","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8107651,0.0018264806,0.1830215,0.00020557229,0.00007451877,0.00010981812,0.00037368597,0.00042136307,0.0032018125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8964411,0.002549638,0.096944034,0.000058831873,0.000021064032,0.00010870029,0.00020958285,0.000053204534,0.0036139167],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99969876,0.00002985606,0.00001475951,0.000057980298,0.00016784563,0.000030888637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966204,0.00014116595,0.000078647456,0.000042319625,0.000055593042,0.000020157273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038824056,0.0003549622,0.0003133899,0.00048501435,0.00025578076,0.0006463074,0.00032015174,0.0005400718,0.0009879114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007160297,0.00016215647,0.00016876729,0.0003622033,0.00035394623,0.0005419393,0.0003509173,0.0005690318,0.00034206265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003896167,0.00004353333,0.0009926299,0.00006815478,0.0000059152526,0.0000575467,0.00011148231,0.0049734693,0.976225,0.00090228627,0.00009488045,0.016486077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000074847226,0.00018887417,0.002347845,0.0000096948315,0.0000066115845,0.00009895983,0.000045441604,0.030411312,0.96481955,0.0007135855,0.0013370386,0.0000136615945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029643942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038674305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009879114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032800713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027257684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033048987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232292403","doi":"10.5194/acp-2021-101-rc1","title":"Comment on acp-2021-101","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"peer-review","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Ministry of Earth Sciences","keywords":"Vorticity; Turbulence; Mixing (physics); Entrainment (biomusicology); Condensation; Mechanics; Supersaturation; Meteorology; Evaporation; Cloud physics; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Vortex; Thermodynamics; Cloud computing","score_opus":0.02885518637201104,"score_gpt":0.28725713692151444,"score_spread":0.2584019505495034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4232292403","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0010028845,0.0010168058,0.0010430139,0.28949058,0.32204956,0.0012087438,0.0047784774,0.0033270917,0.37608284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004622009,0.00083936926,0.00067651225,0.16977859,0.040059727,0.0005495895,0.0016717131,0.0008798062,0.78092283],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99767023,0.00015431276,0.00018783147,0.00020468322,0.0014253717,0.00035760287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98947257,0.0024186745,0.00034935548,0.0007610051,0.005656311,0.0013421328],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025930258,0.0007596572,0.0008409707,0.001405684,0.003264933,0.0033824167,0.0020228934,0.01647566,0.29109988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02405514,0.00041179644,0.000868575,0.0013759446,0.0013081303,0.002490072,0.0015450596,0.007448098,0.22978207],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019024303,0.000012080029,0.000064531756,0.00003351285,9.5344376e-7,0.00008449518,0.000011200237,0.000009622621,0.000059923084,0.0004731474,0.9952284,0.00400324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011244716,0.000009863345,0.00044349197,0.000051249648,0.0000011528235,0.000028940785,0.00003215985,0.000037174425,0.00008881932,0.00028091398,0.99900836,0.000006596643],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018621296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.025427075,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.29109988,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026173051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0038224729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9738261},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232534409","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200012)17:4<180::aid-ppsc180>3.3.co;2-3","title":"An Improved Method to Determine Particle Dispersion Width for Efficient Modeling of Turbulent Two-Phase Flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Sauter mean diameter; Mechanics; Dispersion (optics); Lagrangian particle tracking; Mean flow; Large eddy simulation; Flow (mathematics); Jet (fluid); Eulerian path; Computational fluid dynamics; Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematics; Lagrangian; Applied mathematics; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.020224310583426813,"score_gpt":0.2896471083901403,"score_spread":0.26942279780671347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4232534409","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007085125,0.000026929903,0.9924516,0.000009665233,0.000005933807,0.000010714612,0.000010820709,0.00013455952,0.0002646671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.32161227,0.00013310731,0.6762466,0.000021310558,0.00001918251,0.00022452703,0.00012046156,0.00016461313,0.0014579487],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966395,0.00007361926,0.0000209985,0.000039152023,0.00018060567,0.000021625183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946326,0.00021330439,0.000056933244,0.000092487775,0.000156932,0.000017033693],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007765552,0.0005609318,0.0005107608,0.0005666534,0.00032871525,0.0004382346,0.0011030298,0.00065104483,0.0007065561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016526458,0.0003524564,0.0006255723,0.0003997337,0.00034177548,0.0009933913,0.0006127096,0.00072323263,0.000297144],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000043395576,0.00006137783,0.0014830916,0.00006920402,0.000033680226,0.000099613884,0.00008191741,0.8479768,0.041482255,0.028777905,0.0004509804,0.079439715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000035508715,0.000007952699,0.00010158236,0.0000015896102,0.0000021453404,0.000013468819,0.0000016908166,0.99630237,0.002278236,0.000868863,0.0004133817,0.0000052130113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002048158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012700562,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002048158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000376097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00072240084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0041068792},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233412875","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2012.684411","title":"Response to the “Letter to the Editor”","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Letter to the editor; Library science; Computer science; Meteorology; Geography; Political science; Law","score_opus":0.00712302404686064,"score_gpt":0.23062862640401768,"score_spread":0.22350560235715705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4233412875","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"commentary","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00044501177,0.0013680465,0.00042952807,0.4363234,0.5508593,0.00011277646,0.00044450618,0.0005689356,0.009448536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0039833207,0.0019885222,0.0008797084,0.70074505,0.20279522,0.00017127163,0.0004208947,0.00034176715,0.08867417],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9972277,0.0006009746,0.0004314225,0.0002930059,0.0010528408,0.00039412273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9897165,0.002959976,0.0006753499,0.00034798065,0.0050358013,0.0012645174],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029538288,0.0018666586,0.0016884981,0.0013674631,0.0025473295,0.003447529,0.0021154336,0.018427819,0.07643276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.030866878,0.0007806136,0.0015260021,0.00074014056,0.0012380683,0.0023291758,0.0015569141,0.013973531,0.07923683],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000037597267,0.00001021852,0.000041161755,0.0000327963,0.00000408667,0.000108594046,0.000009421323,0.000013206483,0.000066024986,0.000120466604,0.99734807,0.002208384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004877205,0.00006248389,0.0007736497,0.0001701218,0.00001891095,0.00040430579,0.00014817867,0.00017944076,0.00036241306,0.00066001806,0.99713194,0.00003969892],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021024444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0025189694,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07643276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002394733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026797329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25569308},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235105819","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14657025","title":"Prediction Of Particle Laden Flow In Gas Pipe","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Two-phase flow; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Eddy; Dispersion (optics); Particle size; Particle number; Natural gas; Materials science; Physics; Chemistry; Geology; Thermodynamics; Volume (thermodynamics); Optics","score_opus":0.021720638879469425,"score_gpt":0.22023665406470108,"score_spread":0.19851601518523165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4235105819","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8773051,0.00019333528,0.11959876,0.00014614059,0.000036263973,0.000051535895,0.000118233416,0.00027970682,0.002270883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915925,0.00006161636,0.0071260408,0.00000927251,0.000006030488,0.000018830444,0.000056455166,0.000017015509,0.0011122106],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999225,0.000019310608,0.0000030996168,0.000017125423,0.000021366868,0.000016627318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970466,0.00017150251,0.000050801413,0.000007737559,0.000036238886,0.000029058618],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029884436,0.0004524491,0.00037379886,0.0004289193,0.00034072483,0.000646001,0.00038515523,0.0011051022,0.0005930572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00084364536,0.0002797812,0.0003432072,0.00022870023,0.0007352225,0.00040202294,0.00031081343,0.00033123663,0.000084464635],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004011044,0.000020492935,0.0011534635,0.000012299321,0.000003917723,0.00004665574,0.000014886693,0.9952685,0.0018616213,0.000574925,0.00003384635,0.000969239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000030340886,0.000009436834,0.00014343383,4.841333e-7,5.0780346e-7,0.0000021625315,0.0000021458989,0.9995161,0.0002174174,0.000084654304,0.000019649304,9.758185e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0116465045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030940864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0116465045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008154021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023157418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4236903221","doi":"10.1115/imece2009-10501","title":"The Effects of the Distance Between Nozzle and Substrate on Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Gas dynamic cold spray; Nozzle; Materials science; Helium; Shock wave; Acceleration; Substrate (aquarium); Volumetric flow rate; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Compression (physics); Mechanics; Supersonic speed; Composite material; Atomic physics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Coating","score_opus":0.0031090981886709125,"score_gpt":0.2127341808926328,"score_spread":0.20962508270396188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4236903221","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871609,0.000565604,0.008957989,0.00008663328,0.00003525373,0.00001870534,0.000039954262,0.000064929154,0.0030700313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997129,0.0001632976,0.0022724434,0.000010821641,0.0000034975033,0.0000057939646,0.000026658236,0.000012697009,0.0003758973],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997999,0.000032204367,0.000011113261,0.000041549745,0.00006676687,0.000048550177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991617,0.00055984553,0.000100084755,0.000029966555,0.00010085223,0.000047548983],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031916858,0.000317075,0.00034710232,0.00022444119,0.00035886848,0.0006570103,0.0004103831,0.00045606328,0.0016313499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017151909,0.00023142899,0.00025877802,0.00012697086,0.0003624682,0.00052631175,0.0004416329,0.00038753188,0.00015901316],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0015660053,0.00021616778,0.016826244,0.0007173039,0.000080410144,0.0017611822,0.00047322307,0.57150435,0.3753813,0.0056302315,0.00031554117,0.02552801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002588263,0.0014544193,0.015684392,0.00006577885,0.00014473218,0.00050951896,0.0005047912,0.73893505,0.23816495,0.00080347393,0.0033618219,0.000112278314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0019624198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018846564,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019624198,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046895546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005144768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054574013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4238385650","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_643","title":"Transport with Jets and Plumes of Chemicals in the Environment","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Astrobiology; Physics","score_opus":0.008730385723295087,"score_gpt":0.16736448096409595,"score_spread":0.15863409524080085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4238385650","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.006628663,0.24118397,0.1565878,0.0052444343,0.007827206,0.00011314934,0.00045853638,0.0006302422,0.58132595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04259189,0.16457547,0.049000103,0.001527967,0.0030316005,0.00012806366,0.0005509625,0.00045990275,0.7381341],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998511,0.000017243505,0.0000060543207,0.000029598072,0.00008207029,0.000013886156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999367,0.000034756442,0.0000035324133,0.0000063594,0.000012911657,0.000005717466],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016818897,0.0009807177,0.00077508664,0.00087079254,0.0006401611,0.002602715,0.00079408276,0.0019925865,0.009408163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003143585,0.00042408702,0.0008189201,0.0013486049,0.0011249144,0.0035494652,0.0012426777,0.0018503317,0.0035554492],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000031103184,0.000090838126,0.0001410736,0.00083023263,0.000023347675,0.0003895776,0.00038222747,0.0095908,0.0085709775,0.69315904,0.096803576,0.1899872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008736762,0.000034028515,0.00022133371,0.00024343157,0.000012965972,0.0007746468,0.00012236972,0.008102814,0.003559057,0.2667135,0.7201736,0.00003351757],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008493363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012195151,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009408163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00072295417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005549132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031473458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239090100","doi":"10.5194/acp-2021-101-ac1","title":"Reply on RC1","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"peer-review","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Ministry of Earth Sciences","keywords":"Vorticity; Turbulence; Entrainment (biomusicology); Mixing (physics); Condensation; Mechanics; Supersaturation; Meteorology; Cloud physics; Evaporation; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Vortex; Thermodynamics; Cloud computing","score_opus":0.02662595185188911,"score_gpt":0.28187760902843684,"score_spread":0.25525165717654774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239090100","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00023465406,0.0015304468,0.0001639753,0.8729511,0.11191143,0.000086737266,0.00031877984,0.00019392102,0.012609039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0025655457,0.0010205255,0.00020408076,0.8903072,0.042711444,0.00012928763,0.00015178857,0.00011600182,0.062794045],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9971495,0.0004915345,0.00036251123,0.00047977577,0.0011122525,0.00040441495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98948365,0.0031133492,0.00040053297,0.00054553343,0.004831389,0.0016255205],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003574641,0.0007892904,0.0010003657,0.0011209293,0.0030145908,0.0034172938,0.0029945879,0.026851943,0.07342807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.033210315,0.00053987314,0.0010620676,0.0008872629,0.001977425,0.00357215,0.0021064668,0.020940173,0.057729874],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000012861542,0.000004315051,0.00006795585,0.000019467281,0.0000019742088,0.00010254346,0.000015896008,0.0000057072148,0.000029821393,0.00030731707,0.99714476,0.0022873143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010748474,0.000008583065,0.00034962676,0.000055514054,0.0000035539003,0.00012637621,0.00007399992,0.000028136506,0.00007872287,0.00045829877,0.998793,0.000013461654],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0099449735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.012898665,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07342807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0042502014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0043481397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24564135},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239300488","doi":"10.5194/acp-2018-28","title":"Bridging the condensation-collision size gap: a direct numericalsimulation of continuous droplet growth in turbulent cloud","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Condensation; Collision; Adiabatic process; Cloud condensation nuclei; Mechanics; Bridging (networking); Physics; Direct numerical simulation; Work (physics); Statistical physics; Meteorology; Aerosol; Thermodynamics; Computer science","score_opus":0.013245246507544856,"score_gpt":0.24387383476671137,"score_spread":0.23062858825916652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4239300488","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9401966,0.00048206255,0.045192827,0.0002669379,0.00011617053,0.0001805145,0.00043524662,0.00021473641,0.012915047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98878807,0.00009605511,0.009846166,0.000031780488,0.0000185331,0.000048281854,0.00009360799,0.000030368796,0.0010471846],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998797,0.000027589698,0.00000543376,0.000018789076,0.000034778004,0.00003364909],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99946254,0.0003074412,0.00007175813,0.000042552154,0.000060074235,0.000055687215],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00036217223,0.00052829477,0.0006330645,0.0004070736,0.00053450937,0.00067037897,0.00097537175,0.0008608519,0.0015794022],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000927872,0.00024692685,0.0005337684,0.00039721915,0.0008122331,0.0004986262,0.00077873986,0.0005280539,0.00009714986],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012781553,0.00015497807,0.0028409343,0.000067051034,0.000022580605,0.00017393606,0.000074103235,0.9832602,0.0058024074,0.0047620186,0.00019640508,0.0025175526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016064838,0.000016955526,0.00018546314,0.0000015029435,0.0000023083946,0.00000585565,0.00000504092,0.9989629,0.00051110244,0.00019765564,0.000092684495,0.000002572814],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019574512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009078584,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019574512,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010081053,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009551634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038921177},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243368514","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14657025.v1","title":"Prediction Of Particle Laden Flow In Gas Pipe","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Two-phase flow; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Eddy; Dispersion (optics); Particle size; Particle number; Materials science; Physics; Chemistry; Geology; Thermodynamics; Optics; Volume (thermodynamics)","score_opus":0.021720638879469425,"score_gpt":0.22023665406470108,"score_spread":0.19851601518523165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243368514","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8773051,0.00019333528,0.11959876,0.00014614059,0.000036263973,0.000051535895,0.000118233416,0.00027970682,0.002270883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915925,0.00006161636,0.0071260408,0.00000927251,0.000006030488,0.000018830444,0.000056455166,0.000017015509,0.0011122106],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999225,0.000019310608,0.0000030996168,0.000017125423,0.000021366868,0.000016627318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970466,0.00017150251,0.000050801413,0.000007737559,0.000036238886,0.000029058618],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029884436,0.0004524491,0.00037379886,0.0004289193,0.00034072483,0.000646001,0.00038515523,0.0011051022,0.0005930572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00084364536,0.0002797812,0.0003432072,0.00022870023,0.0007352225,0.00040202294,0.00031081343,0.00033123663,0.000084464635],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004011044,0.000020492935,0.0011534635,0.000012299321,0.000003917723,0.00004665574,0.000014886693,0.9952685,0.0018616213,0.000574925,0.00003384635,0.000969239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000030340886,0.000009436834,0.00014343383,4.841333e-7,5.0780346e-7,0.0000021625315,0.0000021458989,0.9995161,0.0002174174,0.000084654304,0.000019649304,9.758185e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0116465045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030940864,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0116465045,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008154021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00079109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023157418},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4243963672","doi":"10.5194/acp-2021-101-ac3","title":"Reply on RC2","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"peer-review","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Ministry of Earth Sciences","keywords":"Vorticity; Turbulence; Entrainment (biomusicology); Mixing (physics); Condensation; Mechanics; Supersaturation; Meteorology; Cloud physics; Evaporation; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Vortex; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Cloud computing","score_opus":0.02662595185188911,"score_gpt":0.28187760902843684,"score_spread":0.25525165717654774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4243963672","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00028907394,0.0016292812,0.0002038676,0.8293221,0.15138943,0.00009488548,0.00035158612,0.00023309914,0.016486637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0032835156,0.0011389245,0.00023620488,0.84540695,0.055850126,0.00013901085,0.00016853005,0.00014927903,0.09362757],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977581,0.00038465104,0.000263362,0.000385688,0.00089226686,0.00031596387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9926394,0.0020597475,0.00027064016,0.00041077318,0.0033855888,0.0012338147],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027789671,0.00075203343,0.0008747365,0.0009696841,0.0025525934,0.0031395883,0.002590213,0.021737061,0.07877834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02559636,0.00044211966,0.0009743088,0.00073991413,0.001694717,0.0032037015,0.0018625037,0.017641934,0.058685772],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014578382,0.000004626216,0.00006499254,0.000017049464,0.0000020472776,0.000116377894,0.00001380593,0.000006341562,0.000033645796,0.00031129463,0.9970169,0.0023983072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010305354,0.000007803968,0.00028319002,0.000042445037,0.0000031329482,0.00012365723,0.000064490276,0.000028849705,0.00008082878,0.0004229533,0.9989214,0.0000108814365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008413423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011443336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9212217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034102076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033334882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2635398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246627649","doi":"10.1115/gt2011-45992","title":"The Whole Annulus Computations of Particulate Flow and Erosion in an Axial Fan","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Annulus (botany); Turbomachinery; Axial compressor; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Erosion; Stator; Rotor (electric); Flow (mathematics); Impeller; Turbine; Marine engineering; Inlet; Geology; Engineering; Gas compressor; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Materials science","score_opus":0.020176199688594233,"score_gpt":0.22864312636285267,"score_spread":0.20846692667425842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246627649","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9742468,0.00007052699,0.022425054,0.000045652527,0.000015901227,0.000017144763,0.000079189136,0.00013808698,0.0029616614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873652,0.00004150249,0.011589541,0.00000795092,0.000004430497,0.000015205054,0.000089697984,0.000021462572,0.00086505106],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999497,0.000013337047,0.0000033023784,0.000008696975,0.00001392588,0.0000109847415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973303,0.00016636467,0.000027454556,0.00001291415,0.000033412336,0.000026865955],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022512337,0.0003834005,0.00037783847,0.00027080017,0.00031355518,0.0004202306,0.00046937366,0.0006072324,0.000817014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007666762,0.00017231538,0.0002967041,0.00021714965,0.00042021173,0.00022623842,0.00025299808,0.00027058233,0.00010349703],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015034436,0.00005835644,0.0029278386,0.00003331366,0.000011622127,0.00021365816,0.000075967415,0.9850756,0.005426556,0.0013886327,0.00013407774,0.004504117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000068835084,0.000035627443,0.00060436106,0.0000017498936,0.0000019804813,0.00001461669,0.000011250932,0.9985964,0.00055823097,0.000078363446,0.00008840155,0.000002134719],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010643956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0061009005,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010643956,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035797496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00058484444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.021164},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246630239","doi":"10.1115/gt2005-68664","title":"Effects of Surface-Roughness Geometry on Separation-Bubble Transition","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Pratt and Whitney Canada","keywords":"Surface finish; Surface roughness; Skewness; Materials science; Bubble; Mechanics; Inviscid flow; Roughness length; Instability; Optics; Range (aeronautics); Geometry; Composite material; Turbine; Physics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.005245366514924876,"score_gpt":0.23301413459148415,"score_spread":0.22776876807655927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246630239","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976185,0.00011067192,0.0019834249,0.000010138548,0.0000049683413,0.000011345715,0.000040577288,0.00003836058,0.00018191394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99938667,0.000034424982,0.0004892219,0.0000052724345,0.0000015175924,0.0000036903796,0.000035293648,0.0000050482317,0.000038662583],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996675,0.000050898547,0.000021398831,0.000056718545,0.00012511712,0.00007824122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990326,0.00052128156,0.00015274216,0.00009116233,0.0001306534,0.000071502975],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025685408,0.00030156536,0.00029004522,0.00023443962,0.00021611007,0.0004142239,0.00017478199,0.000278228,0.00048574765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015187445,0.00020524277,0.00021939729,0.00013713713,0.00029576107,0.00028890156,0.00025230795,0.0003465396,0.00010179656],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00030294104,0.000028590763,0.0056988783,0.000036108762,0.00001326066,0.00016912373,0.00007050644,0.0023789718,0.98732126,0.000040267718,0.00003017299,0.003909879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003140409,0.0013013196,0.07101298,0.000006311116,0.000037426606,0.00034629356,0.00015631555,0.016563922,0.91006064,0.000074297655,0.00037153417,0.000037593447],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00078225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007217884,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00078225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001954008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009482922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0016250014},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246819770","doi":"10.22215/etd/2008-08209","title":"Aerosol deposition measurements as a function Reynolds number for turbulent flow in a ninety-degree pipe bend","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Canadian Heritage; Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds number; Turbulence; Degree (music); Flow (mathematics); Physics; Meteorology; Mechanics; Acoustics","score_opus":0.03275573315525601,"score_gpt":0.26231489819981585,"score_spread":0.22955916504455984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246819770","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99651897,0.000045909444,0.0020644234,0.000017512973,0.000014143052,0.000012376054,0.00018132049,0.00010682983,0.0010386609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996829,0.000035948346,0.001526957,0.000009349932,0.0000025089637,0.000007878224,0.00025340394,0.0000124888575,0.0013225056],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998342,0.000012105395,0.000008600875,0.00004420982,0.000070353206,0.00003057285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968266,0.00010437559,0.000035332458,0.00003012296,0.00009575403,0.000051918563],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023023853,0.00025350298,0.00023499865,0.00026549873,0.0003193083,0.00027121848,0.00027318305,0.00039903732,0.0016763692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037259862,0.00017797238,0.00023689485,0.00017932575,0.00017284114,0.00019131489,0.00019963107,0.0004358237,0.00042986707],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011884765,0.0002337443,0.015639491,0.000042984753,0.000015094364,0.00016335545,0.0001362028,0.0041922354,0.969098,0.00013812118,0.00043125576,0.008720954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011021699,0.002111988,0.23041677,0.000015931533,0.000036027213,0.00025457636,0.00024299257,0.030696511,0.7349154,0.000103062775,0.0010416508,0.00005489347],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012122478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014739198,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016763692,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022202797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017242617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005608022},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4246857986","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14655153","title":"Measuring the mechanical properties of apoptotic cells using particle tracking microrheology","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Microrheology; Viscoelasticity; Tracking (education); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Dynamic modulus; Elastic modulus; Mechanics; Biological system; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Composite material; Physics; Polymer","score_opus":0.07745874700872282,"score_gpt":0.23494684838277988,"score_spread":0.15748810137405705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4246857986","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8107651,0.0018264806,0.1830215,0.00020557229,0.00007451877,0.00010981812,0.00037368597,0.00042136307,0.0032018125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8964411,0.002549638,0.096944034,0.000058831873,0.000021064032,0.00010870029,0.00020958285,0.000053204534,0.0036139167],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99969876,0.00002985606,0.00001475951,0.000057980298,0.00016784563,0.000030888637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99966204,0.00014116595,0.000078647456,0.000042319625,0.000055593042,0.000020157273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038824056,0.0003549622,0.0003133899,0.00048501435,0.00025578076,0.0006463074,0.00032015174,0.0005400718,0.0009879114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007160297,0.00016215647,0.00016876729,0.0003622033,0.00035394623,0.0005419393,0.0003509173,0.0005690318,0.00034206265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003896167,0.00004353333,0.0009926299,0.00006815478,0.0000059152526,0.0000575467,0.00011148231,0.0049734693,0.976225,0.00090228627,0.00009488045,0.016486077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000074847226,0.00018887417,0.002347845,0.0000096948315,0.0000066115845,0.00009895983,0.000045441604,0.030411312,0.96481955,0.0007135855,0.0013370386,0.0000136615945],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00029643942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00038674305,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009879114,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032800713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027257684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033048987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249265342","doi":"10.22215/etd/2010-09297","title":"A systematic study of airfoil-vortex interactions by means of particle image velocimetry","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Library and Archives Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Airfoil; Vortex; Physics; Mechanics","score_opus":0.0053865370858446554,"score_gpt":0.2574766575982231,"score_spread":0.25209012051237845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4249265342","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88929737,0.0020554815,0.10152649,0.000067611785,0.00008593034,0.00043473204,0.00063552597,0.0004735734,0.0054231603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9282668,0.00090438797,0.067253195,0.00003056787,0.00002241618,0.0002539947,0.00054943195,0.000096794276,0.0026223385],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995401,0.00008272753,0.000017792463,0.00011622698,0.00019126676,0.00005204162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994222,0.00015562566,0.00008252111,0.00014213173,0.00017260396,0.000024884059],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059270434,0.0004266717,0.0005207128,0.0010616077,0.00076362264,0.00062113226,0.00044053403,0.0005280753,0.0010199011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008551369,0.00026124634,0.00030651153,0.0006086784,0.00046229325,0.0005518516,0.0004999114,0.00043704227,0.00032374653],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000932385,0.00015586897,0.003822915,0.00014179586,0.000029196113,0.000066069166,0.00013119927,0.0015868876,0.9636351,0.0010492224,0.0002742037,0.029014321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002815459,0.00056246604,0.021288259,0.000026161602,0.000045710527,0.00023085476,0.00010233026,0.026046865,0.9459005,0.0002531732,0.0054766103,0.000038901573],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013458085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001528633,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013458085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027760188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00064324716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003411889},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250076383","doi":"10.1007/s11663-001-0048-0","title":"Dimensionless correlations for forced convection in liquid metals: Part II. two-phase flow","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Dimensionless quantity; Convective heat transfer; Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Phase (matter); Flow (mathematics); Convection; Metal; Intensity (physics); Liquid metal; Chemistry; Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Optics; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.020053861824263653,"score_gpt":0.26601924709600144,"score_spread":0.24596538527173778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4250076383","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.32828942,0.05198267,0.5864292,0.0021807307,0.002726462,0.0002574178,0.00057992956,0.0008689707,0.026685188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9652789,0.0056161857,0.020401707,0.00017764355,0.0007012046,0.00017314756,0.00034996707,0.0002694755,0.007031653],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996642,0.00012584525,0.000026539232,0.00004757426,0.00009454028,0.000041367264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985794,0.00078133325,0.00022405296,0.0001110186,0.00020193796,0.00010240395],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010873983,0.0006529677,0.00064965367,0.0019500008,0.00044136037,0.0018074817,0.00074826676,0.00081309106,0.0027825003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0059800637,0.00031911262,0.0006198768,0.001086485,0.0013246433,0.0026878882,0.0009180493,0.001253523,0.00042784552],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022737274,0.00015949683,0.002242854,0.0007962509,0.00004385423,0.00039136232,0.00033859236,0.13629214,0.029644428,0.7717165,0.009079869,0.04906738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005206136,0.00008427826,0.0033997872,0.000106518,0.00001693176,0.00025439664,0.000056573273,0.82926726,0.0081585795,0.15122503,0.0072793853,0.000099212426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007552566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005184804,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027825003,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00080792303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00078576995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009308398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4250637802","doi":"10.1063/1.4739064.1","title":"10.1063/1.4739064.1","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"Default Digital Object Group","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Laminar sublayer; Mass transfer; Mechanics; Shear stress; Eddy; Large eddy simulation; Sediment transport; Reynolds stress; Flux (metallurgy); Open-channel flow; Chemistry; Sediment; Mass flux; Reynolds number; Physics; Geology; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.008794179849008725,"score_gpt":0.21770816637224874,"score_spread":0.20891398652324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4250637802","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.007972442,0.007063047,0.04393664,0.0029781365,0.0044843513,0.0006061809,0.024127953,0.018005,0.89082617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06642192,0.005150139,0.029383847,0.0018451349,0.0010977697,0.001324081,0.056165718,0.005367361,0.83324397],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99939585,0.00008233279,0.000029675415,0.00014628483,0.0002512145,0.000094654446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996296,0.000055357563,0.000027982984,0.00012255812,0.00009239808,0.00007214371],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00051009114,0.0013926844,0.0016630992,0.0016706494,0.0010972442,0.0030168907,0.0031044849,0.0032869815,0.73174995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009538557,0.0005184762,0.00080433005,0.0030871902,0.0008946668,0.0019233668,0.0034685803,0.0022618135,0.69822675],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034559763,0.00036308428,0.0018923053,0.0014920188,0.000125798,0.00054533634,0.00014350055,0.006558372,0.016739555,0.04294194,0.53180915,0.39704326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006289284,0.000037070735,0.00074527465,0.00019123286,0.000022663175,0.00027189497,0.000038479368,0.014154817,0.0019942017,0.009093004,0.9733439,0.000044522054],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016488896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012470821,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.26825005,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0013237175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061165297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38262612},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251671504","doi":"10.1515/iupac.76.0116","title":"Aerodynamic Diameter (of a Particle)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"dataset","venue":"IUPAC Standards Online","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Glossary; Toxicokinetics; Aerodynamic diameter; Hazard; Relation (database); Computer science; Toxicology; Medicine; Chemistry; Pharmacology; Data mining; Linguistics; Biology; Philosophy","score_opus":0.009373371524164231,"score_gpt":0.3427717117673606,"score_spread":0.33339834024319637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4251671504","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"dataset","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"dataset","genre_consensus":"dataset","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000272245,0.0001990959,0.00014363292,0.000029214267,0.000025484807,0.0000140223865,0.99812764,0.00040474985,0.00078391645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000771737,0.00020287732,0.0005788202,0.00004635994,0.000012487941,0.000100552024,0.9975061,0.00007617273,0.00070489245],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99886,0.00012239662,0.00024240797,0.00040851868,0.00027679108,0.00008980625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976421,0.00081399037,0.00040459714,0.00048314797,0.0005371125,0.00011910198],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00087247946,0.0020855782,0.0018131764,0.0043389467,0.0006406384,0.002523165,0.0019389099,0.0014015103,0.044694472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005580661,0.000559974,0.0013507542,0.0057060644,0.00036041634,0.002048126,0.0016156881,0.0015979458,0.08392112],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009973031,0.000036849153,0.0039644935,0.0021795204,0.000055250697,0.00003713236,0.000049261624,0.00061527046,0.00027402004,0.000713086,0.9798836,0.012091704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000132685,0.000026495754,0.012442691,0.00058325694,0.00004381851,0.00015259953,0.000091926624,0.0008469809,0.00049488386,0.0016939188,0.98344135,0.00004947845],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011692933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.016891103,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.044694472,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011063815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012808212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14951795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254246338","doi":"10.22215/etd/2007-08248","title":"Particle image velocimentry measurements of an airfoil-vortex interaction event in a two-dimensional wind tunnel","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Heritage","funders":"","keywords":"Wind tunnel; Airfoil; Event (particle physics); Vortex; Physics; Engineering; Computer graphics (images); Optics; Aerospace engineering; Meteorology; Computer science; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.020084289893373245,"score_gpt":0.3253143725375567,"score_spread":0.30523008264418344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4254246338","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965264,0.000020927186,0.0018848763,0.00003124473,0.000026542357,0.000031896245,0.00025423584,0.00015008902,0.0010738068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964858,0.000019085213,0.0020857407,0.000012857273,0.000005127187,0.000020469492,0.000365518,0.000014748346,0.0009906639],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986887,0.000013066845,0.00000623088,0.000023120101,0.000052232597,0.00003653733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997178,0.000055721892,0.000028525608,0.000018217255,0.000068231995,0.000111549634],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000285935,0.00027697848,0.0003539366,0.00063751807,0.0006130306,0.00044949856,0.00032090343,0.00067505916,0.0019039171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004698419,0.00020288692,0.00020776657,0.00022384794,0.00027293572,0.00029033268,0.00038841364,0.00074559153,0.00021186435],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0042741736,0.0028543284,0.08810778,0.00021518978,0.00014677466,0.0035134666,0.0015727407,0.029754575,0.82323253,0.0011140506,0.0041899513,0.041024428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00039141095,0.0039152163,0.52969676,0.000057682453,0.00007214757,0.0008670422,0.0010329476,0.26065642,0.19954355,0.00031506817,0.003284625,0.0001672469],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0030119827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003765863,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0030119827,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022564146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032431926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006369233},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255031183","doi":"10.22215/etd/2014-10069","title":"Particulate Deposition Prediction of Diluted Two-Phase Impinging Jet","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","keywords":"Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Particle deposition; Jet (fluid); Reynolds stress; Deposition (geology); Turbulence; Computational fluid dynamics; Lagrangian particle tracking; Particle (ecology); Shear stress; Flow (mathematics); Reynolds number; Materials science; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.007963836651108933,"score_gpt":0.2587199246811034,"score_spread":0.25075608802999444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4255031183","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9551848,0.0005782834,0.038626302,0.00008971922,0.00006756886,0.000044988377,0.0001878442,0.00016135036,0.0050591636],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911999,0.0002959997,0.0067764795,0.000012231065,0.000016151627,0.000013243777,0.00018195242,0.000015911384,0.0014881145],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998965,0.000011021072,0.0000056821823,0.00003579252,0.000038407936,0.000012509752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998228,0.000069226306,0.000016826805,0.000009582871,0.00006882882,0.000012839488],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032625842,0.0006306653,0.0005493585,0.00037687403,0.00029841557,0.00083313545,0.00037037244,0.00065704813,0.00064192584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005258607,0.00019269362,0.000639401,0.00019917687,0.0001966456,0.00041597532,0.00024325072,0.00031764596,0.00015207652],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001715084,0.00017164455,0.012097082,0.0001541339,0.000036200334,0.00043476233,0.000057522786,0.90286595,0.064738765,0.0011943879,0.00040071152,0.017677313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010735345,0.000043264597,0.002059896,0.000003236982,0.0000069875487,0.000016591493,0.0000073409415,0.98961264,0.00802155,0.00011386286,0.000099248,0.0000045252464],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011631585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003849751,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011631585,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061550125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000620703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023127735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255360846","doi":"10.5194/acp-2021-101-ac2","title":"Reply on RC2","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"peer-review","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Ministry of Earth Sciences","keywords":"Vorticity; Turbulence; Mixing (physics); Entrainment (biomusicology); Condensation; Mechanics; Supersaturation; Meteorology; Cloud physics; Evaporation; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Vortex; Thermodynamics; Cloud computing","score_opus":0.02662595185188911,"score_gpt":0.28187760902843684,"score_spread":0.25525165717654774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4255360846","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00028907394,0.0016292812,0.0002038676,0.8293221,0.15138943,0.00009488548,0.00035158612,0.00023309914,0.016486637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0032835156,0.0011389245,0.00023620488,0.84540695,0.055850126,0.00013901085,0.00016853005,0.00014927903,0.09362757],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9977581,0.00038465104,0.000263362,0.000385688,0.00089226686,0.00031596387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9926394,0.0020597475,0.00027064016,0.00041077318,0.0033855888,0.0012338147],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0027789671,0.00075203343,0.0008747365,0.0009696841,0.0025525934,0.0031395883,0.002590213,0.021737061,0.07877834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02559636,0.00044211966,0.0009743088,0.00073991413,0.001694717,0.0032037015,0.0018625037,0.017641934,0.058685772],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000014578382,0.000004626216,0.00006499254,0.000017049464,0.0000020472776,0.000116377894,0.00001380593,0.000006341562,0.000033645796,0.00031129463,0.9970169,0.0023983072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010305354,0.000007803968,0.00028319002,0.000042445037,0.0000031329482,0.00012365723,0.000064490276,0.000028849705,0.00008082878,0.0004229533,0.9989214,0.0000108814365],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008413423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011443336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9212217,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0034102076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0033334882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2635398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255590352","doi":"10.5194/acp-2021-101","title":"Impact of high and low vorticity turbulence on cloud environmentmixing and cloud microphysics processes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Ministry of Earth Sciences","keywords":"Vorticity; Turbulence; Mixing (physics); Entrainment (biomusicology); Mechanics; Cloud physics; Condensation; Meteorology; Turbulence kinetic energy; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Environmental science; Vortex; Cloud computing","score_opus":0.007472778328391339,"score_gpt":0.22052512320944892,"score_spread":0.2130523448810576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4255590352","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974571,0.00007690311,0.0012118656,0.000027680764,0.000007900364,0.000010634762,0.000081725266,0.000026068401,0.0011002513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99959487,0.000022504708,0.00023625355,0.0000024884616,0.0000013869119,0.0000022224847,0.000038449845,0.000003988849,0.000097827346],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989057,0.000019164181,0.0000064497985,0.0000150233,0.000026891801,0.000041814572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982077,0.000094099465,0.000027157977,0.0000110348765,0.000017405588,0.000029509465],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001690464,0.00029619364,0.00028003522,0.0002937392,0.00038844158,0.00082763063,0.00015844905,0.00021491766,0.0009065942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00051205186,0.00011910715,0.00027336125,0.00022396789,0.0004423458,0.00033104437,0.00033026762,0.00028745527,0.00007072501],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006707945,0.00052828685,0.0713675,0.00016483935,0.00011328259,0.0010547439,0.00011791192,0.6704218,0.23809877,0.005147628,0.00035230475,0.011962214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000044574957,0.00017609706,0.037402898,0.000008193637,0.000024239143,0.00007840895,0.00007621445,0.9155579,0.045740873,0.00058009184,0.00029110129,0.000019403691],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057301163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022389265,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0057301163,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041161652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003801142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011393547},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281867008","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.106035","title":"Internal mixing air-assisted spray nozzle for large droplets: Experimental measurements and numerical simulations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Central South University","keywords":"Nozzle; Volume of fluid method; Spray nozzle; Spray characteristics; Mechanics; Breakup; Materials science; Mixing (physics); Weber number; Computer simulation; Computational fluid dynamics; Aerodynamics; Range (aeronautics); Jet (fluid); Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Composite material; Turbulence","score_opus":0.03096032543427433,"score_gpt":0.2956811310704925,"score_spread":0.26472080563621814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4281867008","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99216616,0.00032182958,0.006206357,0.000042007625,0.000022500935,0.000039742183,0.00012979872,0.00011469224,0.00095702056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997113,0.00009776301,0.0024821474,0.0000067559486,0.000004721448,0.000008695318,0.000061639024,0.000008731607,0.00021645555],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99960715,0.000028288883,0.000020088692,0.00006832927,0.00023519761,0.00004085582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959785,0.00015257197,0.00005152377,0.000037979473,0.00013249945,0.000027641696],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006847813,0.00034176945,0.0005079357,0.00026605977,0.00039393295,0.00056447426,0.00060306676,0.0006109759,0.0008947559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00089916924,0.0001950635,0.00032770267,0.0003072699,0.0005596704,0.0007949012,0.0005072404,0.00043110354,0.00012964752],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043465052,0.0001929184,0.0037285697,0.00013115093,0.000015538795,0.00015345808,0.000115594674,0.011980412,0.9738191,0.00053220225,0.00022841913,0.008668031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013426496,0.0012132426,0.009848676,0.0000134078855,0.000024743582,0.0001586824,0.000078873105,0.19757122,0.7897655,0.00019999372,0.00095486315,0.000036520276],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010366372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00056838786,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010366372,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00049432565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031833624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0036215186},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4282978804","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24504","title":"A multispecies <scp>1D</scp> concentration distribution model for coarse‐particle slurries","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Saskatchewan Research Council (Canada)","funders":"Syncrude; Imperial Oil Limited; Canadian Natural Resources Limited","keywords":"Settling; Slurry; Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Turbulent diffusion; Mechanics; Diffusion; Particle-size distribution; Pipeline transport; Thermal diffusivity; Environmental science; Particle size; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Geology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering; Chemical engineering","score_opus":0.011872541213653798,"score_gpt":0.19313421903390346,"score_spread":0.18126167782024966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4282978804","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.30923113,0.0006228091,0.6646159,0.0010211624,0.00020944471,0.00024826365,0.0009108311,0.00082054385,0.022319945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9666825,0.00025076536,0.022967014,0.00013329914,0.00004365089,0.00021597478,0.00033698513,0.00009423927,0.009275434],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979025,0.000047901332,0.000013478732,0.000051090778,0.000058337817,0.00003903028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999388,0.00023884176,0.00008672975,0.000032240227,0.0002118367,0.000042384432],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067022437,0.0007143823,0.0008488711,0.0007335879,0.00079510384,0.0012466689,0.001763479,0.0018921366,0.0015584194],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013002558,0.00056848757,0.0011396566,0.00050823693,0.0006999086,0.0009133266,0.0007578568,0.0008978068,0.00039107515],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000010346844,0.000015390458,0.00044362794,0.000012054078,0.0000059877175,0.00004785843,0.000010275414,0.9957723,0.0011311632,0.0015136463,0.0001564882,0.00088089204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000021895912,0.0000024154604,0.00004059037,6.276569e-7,7.7915405e-7,0.0000024932194,0.0000010966237,0.999711,0.00007724437,0.00009676324,0.00006328476,0.0000014607872],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04674143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.015105083,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04674143,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002172946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016577179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09293872},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283157830","doi":"10.1063/5.0099935","title":"Evolution of Rayleigh−Taylor instability at the interface between a granular suspension and a clear fluid","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Compute Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response Network","keywords":"Physics; Instability; Lattice Boltzmann methods; Growth rate; Mechanics; Rayleigh–Taylor instability; Suspension (topology); Shear flow; Thermodynamics; Geometry","score_opus":0.013116866714984528,"score_gpt":0.2376935541643831,"score_spread":0.22457668744939857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4283157830","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958448,0.000077706005,0.0033712403,0.000022321097,0.0000061005076,0.0000074535637,0.00003226052,0.000058653775,0.0005795416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99754506,0.000033942346,0.0019739121,0.000008558218,0.000002747355,0.000008454721,0.00005508761,0.000009700155,0.00036256685],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987996,0.000009877827,0.000008947138,0.000024554101,0.00004649744,0.00003020451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960035,0.000103201564,0.00012859648,0.00001648734,0.00006422357,0.00008721445],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021073091,0.000258111,0.0003485054,0.000587962,0.0003644733,0.00068763486,0.00031426744,0.0003958991,0.0010145197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068939175,0.00017081512,0.00027577352,0.00024754208,0.0005088021,0.00043710374,0.0005899871,0.0005386483,0.00016177425],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00078014575,0.00017976064,0.022122324,0.00009974643,0.000050605802,0.0013051478,0.00080042833,0.045729168,0.913748,0.0031767564,0.00022346777,0.011784401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059278205,0.0006185564,0.036845785,0.000023992396,0.000039546096,0.00036279872,0.00062913785,0.6657219,0.2934981,0.0011437539,0.0009651768,0.00009192955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018082528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007843336,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018082528,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040043544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027437278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0035954118},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285144828","doi":"10.1007/978-981-19-1065-4_9","title":"Dynamic Interaction of Twin Particle Clouds in Stagnant Water","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Nozzle; Particle image velocimetry; Particle tracking velocimetry; Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Geology; Thermodynamics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.007965093705042855,"score_gpt":0.21024789728199922,"score_spread":0.20228280357695635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4285144828","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.91240495,0.0011610251,0.04325167,0.0011565494,0.00065651117,0.00008023658,0.00023708763,0.00025170977,0.040800143],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990739,0.00023307076,0.0016624007,0.00006797304,0.00006306401,0.000013657786,0.00008406639,0.000054541455,0.0070822737],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99984443,0.000017221944,0.0000036148865,0.000028282677,0.000045115357,0.000061282444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976426,0.00007804585,0.000023232256,0.00001549105,0.00003060038,0.0000883021],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014021607,0.00036429008,0.0008801424,0.00052689505,0.0010215986,0.0015060611,0.00089254545,0.0010258709,0.003404602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008728569,0.0004364877,0.0004364584,0.0004688853,0.001336184,0.0015718327,0.0017539564,0.0009969947,0.00028594155],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009467606,0.00039403178,0.0048460294,0.00022113281,0.0001403199,0.0034623072,0.0007379925,0.7321895,0.069399096,0.15409903,0.008830399,0.024733372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000046227702,0.000059820355,0.0027262787,0.000007786133,0.000014802932,0.0001504004,0.00023430468,0.97512656,0.0035481553,0.016399378,0.0016434572,0.000042877644],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0074898303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0035818273,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0074898303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009845237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005438184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014892459},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288474148","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4173732","title":"A Light Extinction-Based Concentration Measurement in Two Phase Gas-Solid Flow","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Extinction (optical mineralogy); Gas phase; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Two-phase flow; Environmental science; Mechanics; Optics; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.010336603052729477,"score_gpt":0.2538947863564739,"score_spread":0.2435581833037444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4288474148","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8375117,0.0015239526,0.1491715,0.00045029956,0.00028697934,0.00031146855,0.0004271064,0.0022047265,0.0081122015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9565391,0.00041670335,0.040196527,0.0001887726,0.00007040724,0.00006434109,0.00011903387,0.00006368071,0.0023414565],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990941,0.00017048129,0.000016628395,0.00022966441,0.00042417456,0.00006489793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994978,0.0001774045,0.000051919757,0.000054258573,0.00016676706,0.00005184608],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006017037,0.0005894065,0.0005656583,0.00092711195,0.000661904,0.0009721331,0.0015654155,0.0013739126,0.001558573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00083556946,0.0003653602,0.0002698957,0.0005634024,0.0009783598,0.00091704127,0.0010221764,0.00082752627,0.0005241775],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042766696,0.00015224001,0.0018552857,0.000101251266,0.000020938323,0.00010554,0.00009854818,0.00064139895,0.97673094,0.00056656613,0.00029721562,0.019002384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005385913,0.00038887784,0.003092218,0.000011211923,0.000026529218,0.00021503153,0.000046030997,0.035594426,0.9592305,0.00018379207,0.0011223579,0.00003513663],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014015064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012444486,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015654155,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006332126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00057222607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0052139163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292356896","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-20mlx","title":"Colloid filtration theories for fibrous bed coalescer design","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"Syncrude (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Syncrude","keywords":"Filtration (mathematics); Colloid; Coalescence (physics); Range (aeronautics); Materials science; Mechanics; Chromatography; Process engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics","score_opus":0.02670085587336317,"score_gpt":0.2534130761568932,"score_spread":0.22671222028353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4292356896","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.015524377,0.0019822002,0.9559105,0.00036167447,0.00014846488,0.00012711414,0.00010081589,0.0002038196,0.025640981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7037095,0.0060474942,0.23876473,0.0009132793,0.00043277585,0.0011270609,0.00055939006,0.00030303435,0.04814278],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9994911,0.000079326426,0.000024837762,0.00007149671,0.00027698127,0.000056298682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994869,0.00020643197,0.0000685825,0.000034663102,0.0001781003,0.000025236926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00095088856,0.0009660937,0.00056141854,0.001283559,0.0004838742,0.0010399177,0.001179383,0.0013080568,0.004418028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016326753,0.00041448994,0.0015022104,0.0005885684,0.000717273,0.0012442316,0.00070974923,0.0010298344,0.0012448261],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000661328,0.00010380296,0.0011617173,0.0003898057,0.000046933303,0.00029124352,0.00018362325,0.48367333,0.018911844,0.4212383,0.0041221227,0.06981105],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020968026,0.00015030036,0.00042406638,0.00004708134,0.000023092562,0.00019583877,0.000025774047,0.8960461,0.005157915,0.083516225,0.014356074,0.000036541034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015368661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007112727,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004418028,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0014422986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007924994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0147797465},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293571899","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106830","title":"On the application of sound radiation force for focusing of powder stream in directed energy deposition","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ultrasonics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nozzle; Materials science; Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Ultrasound energy; Acoustic streaming; Ultrasound; Intensity (physics); Particle size; Acoustics; Process (computing); Sound intensity; STREAMS; Focus (optics); Eulerian path; Optics; Computer science; Sound (geography); Ultrasonic sensor; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Lagrangian; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.006729111491333847,"score_gpt":0.2151401085296052,"score_spread":0.20841099703827135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4293571899","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.41075754,0.020514056,0.4908936,0.001819759,0.00095506996,0.00023780465,0.00010545385,0.00033117653,0.0743854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9245047,0.0063181035,0.054482993,0.00026288177,0.00021645852,0.000056199682,0.000051504096,0.000078032375,0.014029121],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989796,0.000021936828,0.000004880058,0.00002113422,0.000041269388,0.000012838616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999114,0.00004684492,0.0000062765616,0.000007288025,0.00002158545,0.000006537823],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024371894,0.0002206722,0.00037215577,0.00037134718,0.00034346024,0.00034460064,0.000358613,0.00041192013,0.0016084464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003531693,0.00012732342,0.00038976656,0.00021079903,0.00044458502,0.0003700014,0.00048164028,0.00032217838,0.00023789235],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005924011,0.00013177795,0.0012296166,0.0008877,0.00006079695,0.00070773915,0.0006696403,0.023786265,0.6743758,0.11322048,0.0031951363,0.18114275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011642694,0.0007227831,0.0035115804,0.00007921763,0.00011298906,0.00067886914,0.00021365152,0.598204,0.3488318,0.017854095,0.029582985,0.00009159413],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00083238597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005564701,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016084464,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020715495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018276088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0053808093},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294363575","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00483-7","title":"Coefficient of restitution of sub-10 nm silver nanoparticles on an adhesive surface under repulsive and sticky conditions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The European Physical Journal D","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Coefficient of restitution; Nanoparticle; Collision; Yield (engineering); Materials science; Mechanics; Deformation (meteorology); Critical ionization velocity; Particle (ecology); Viscoelasticity; Filtration (mathematics); Composite material; Chemical physics; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.013686630473451094,"score_gpt":0.24303389485665122,"score_spread":0.22934726438320013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294363575","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933286,0.000418159,0.0021604828,0.00012724435,0.000064793,0.000014667112,0.0002495761,0.000102930004,0.0035335727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970072,0.0001946869,0.00042973933,0.000028693434,0.000009567849,0.000014597507,0.00020530057,0.000022959191,0.002087239],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997409,0.000023223914,0.000011139419,0.00005239143,0.00007621425,0.00009626348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990018,0.0004425847,0.00017229031,0.000069027185,0.00022426619,0.00009009112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027895896,0.0003574881,0.0002773696,0.0005996258,0.00033565814,0.00044664307,0.0006901987,0.0003579654,0.0044523533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012635153,0.00014042172,0.00025778144,0.00032687926,0.00038640053,0.00042679027,0.00027675886,0.00071680284,0.0005678734],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007181416,0.00012432468,0.0012115798,0.00029085597,0.00005670597,0.00042622743,0.0003396991,0.005931657,0.980227,0.0020014052,0.0013649401,0.0073075453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003616629,0.00036668743,0.010483383,0.00003093552,0.000038684746,0.00013524147,0.00027454848,0.04605034,0.94103205,0.0004793931,0.0010055226,0.000067042536],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032807214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024363734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0044523533,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054313435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003606607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014894605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294704528","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0289","title":"Simulation of Particle-Shock Interaction in a HVOF Process","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Mechanics; Nozzle; Shock (circulatory); Particle (ecology); Bow shock (aerodynamics); Substrate (aquarium); Flow (mathematics); Thermal spraying; Particle velocity; Composite material; Aerospace engineering; Shock wave; Physics; Engineering; Geology; Coating","score_opus":0.011452483473095918,"score_gpt":0.2609916120627024,"score_spread":0.24953912858960647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294704528","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98950535,0.000042023217,0.004854197,0.0000819542,0.000015222006,0.000037394475,0.00019521831,0.00007117479,0.0051975106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962543,0.000028845485,0.0023028648,0.000018375147,0.0000028697002,0.000030818923,0.00016128892,0.000013055653,0.0011874964],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998585,0.000029573179,0.0000048868606,0.000016022848,0.000037189242,0.00005379606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99932194,0.0004308895,0.000049210605,0.000030729112,0.00008069526,0.00008663136],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025511975,0.0003954157,0.0005899151,0.00037511805,0.000656675,0.00068118016,0.0007110921,0.0016418877,0.0029519913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010731764,0.0003069689,0.0005217233,0.000327783,0.0006544237,0.00039590945,0.00054826314,0.0006245638,0.00016166353],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014144005,0.00009393963,0.0031548091,0.000020487027,0.000019968616,0.00024918612,0.000060784587,0.9917691,0.0022881953,0.0008829101,0.0001537905,0.0011654752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003052869,0.00007014675,0.0008749616,0.0000027457434,0.000004166417,0.000017981927,0.000035557732,0.99784267,0.0007777585,0.00017025248,0.00016821796,0.000005023468],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013669072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0059495266,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013669072,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007035932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007408801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027179003},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294732539","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0084","title":"A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Cold Spray Process: Effect of Substrate Location and Shape","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Substrate (aquarium); Rotational symmetry; Mechanics; Gas dynamic cold spray; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Process (computing); Coating; Work (physics); Volumetric flow rate; Supersonic speed; Choked flow; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Physics; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.005966840551601551,"score_gpt":0.22742522090092765,"score_spread":0.2214583803493261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294732539","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8488661,0.00041865406,0.13629164,0.00029710022,0.00004405362,0.000101914244,0.00023903925,0.0003397626,0.013401731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914585,0.00016425924,0.0060458356,0.00002443401,0.000006113124,0.000027908109,0.000058516795,0.000028029632,0.0021864267],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999244,0.000014495235,0.0000028206186,0.000012893829,0.00003328311,0.00001211158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998,0.00009522304,0.00003106127,0.000015173929,0.000043115422,0.0000153453],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017950333,0.0003272918,0.0005247276,0.00023282664,0.0004058987,0.0009614845,0.00033936457,0.0006441968,0.0018084963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00052765966,0.00028928136,0.000494287,0.00016950075,0.0006453023,0.0003300709,0.000219522,0.0003437975,0.00019532705],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011597122,0.00005166323,0.0010880257,0.00006437901,0.000017772876,0.00021030176,0.00008904703,0.9193927,0.0716839,0.0034543786,0.00024115562,0.0035906804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009594789,0.000036453624,0.00044290125,0.0000019373515,0.0000035346036,0.000021926926,0.0000110816,0.99504894,0.0040708245,0.00015328475,0.00019191483,0.000007647919],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0062361564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024624576,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0062361564,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006071077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007076002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.012399733},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294830359","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0191","title":"Numerical Simulation of the Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"CenterLine (Canada); University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Anemometer; Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Particle (ecology); Supersonic speed; Computer simulation; Process (computing); Plane (geometry); Flow (mathematics); Particle velocity; Materials science; Spray nozzle; Acoustics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Physics; Computer science; Turbulence; Geology","score_opus":0.004660809394555,"score_gpt":0.2236982509349123,"score_spread":0.2190374415403573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294830359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7861943,0.00043383412,0.17801806,0.0004164174,0.00015146832,0.00019680393,0.00048702376,0.0005613837,0.0335406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9816359,0.00011054366,0.0134333875,0.00004197045,0.000011838183,0.000101107355,0.0001545106,0.000025843265,0.0044849375],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998561,0.000028936383,0.0000045831234,0.000022604234,0.000052777665,0.000034943278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973136,0.00012480668,0.000024688627,0.00002344802,0.0000570869,0.00003862306],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029126534,0.00037898982,0.00072004605,0.0003223154,0.00056444335,0.00064883806,0.00065987743,0.0010053861,0.0022507613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00083818426,0.00024839985,0.00040595655,0.00031437472,0.0008706752,0.00041113576,0.00053730945,0.00045076568,0.0002446556],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006167476,0.000024535777,0.00040201386,0.00001934887,0.00000664931,0.000104391926,0.000035889207,0.9906921,0.004481589,0.0025495137,0.00016216486,0.001460241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016347316,0.000022845643,0.000117468546,0.0000022825488,0.0000018227262,0.000010518736,0.0000070163774,0.9982253,0.00095749437,0.0003007929,0.00033379177,0.000004376377],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013788063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003966102,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013788063,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00095466705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011242336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027415633},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294831011","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0883","title":"Photographing Impact of Plasma-Sprayed Particles on Metal Substrates","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Inconel; Pyrometer; Materials science; Molybdenum; Substrate (aquarium); Plasma; Thermal spraying; Particle (ecology); Metallurgy; Inconel 625; Thermal; Composite material; Optics; Temperature measurement; Coating; Corrosion; Alloy","score_opus":0.009254229405290188,"score_gpt":0.22649037547809112,"score_spread":0.21723614607280092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294831011","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868728,0.00069473876,0.006770646,0.000065031396,0.000048928152,0.000071765084,0.0002856174,0.00013488228,0.0050554746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9783347,0.00056005485,0.013505067,0.000053676962,0.000014979199,0.00004492292,0.0004288045,0.00005669806,0.0070011495],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993443,0.00000353949,0.0000028928673,0.00001661192,0.000025374276,0.000017208571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999884,0.00003721201,0.000012648103,0.000017043758,0.000028750168,0.000020323792],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008495067,0.0002689412,0.00019302683,0.000417844,0.00020502391,0.00019340559,0.00028625224,0.00025345077,0.003493823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00010573595,0.00018916055,0.00019510163,0.00022030894,0.00018539006,0.00014868443,0.00018467219,0.00059262605,0.00028645835],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000080704674,0.000014197712,0.00043678744,0.000045240493,0.000006039059,0.00025386584,0.0000781541,0.00019776277,0.99622595,0.000118414,0.00010817322,0.00243463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000032908363,0.00030490416,0.034896437,0.000021467944,0.000018927423,0.00062742684,0.00017060728,0.004921596,0.9559458,0.00008970648,0.00295755,0.000012685102],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016134836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019339399,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003493823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030613682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016318113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011687994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4294831121","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0889","title":"Impact of Partially Molten Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Particles on Glass Surfaces","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Pyrometer; Materials science; Cubic zirconia; Particle (ecology); Plasma; Ceramic; Molten metal; Yttria-stabilized zirconia; Composite material; Optics; Temperature measurement","score_opus":0.009885986878515135,"score_gpt":0.23378298492124455,"score_spread":0.22389699804272942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4294831121","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99837875,0.00015145965,0.0010096199,0.000009564787,0.000007554329,0.00001223355,0.000054592285,0.000024520978,0.00035164965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99763405,0.00013713869,0.0014058438,0.000011909129,0.000003882571,0.0000081946555,0.00010737564,0.000012664297,0.0006788356],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999099,0.0000053088875,0.0000028319032,0.00001832958,0.000031448104,0.00003216156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999905,0.000033506993,0.000018921975,0.00000918695,0.000017151258,0.000016150161],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000082835264,0.000266145,0.00026396415,0.00019374226,0.00018045318,0.00023142525,0.0001801671,0.00017495338,0.0013792076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00016156197,0.00017081447,0.00025443183,0.00011398263,0.00025306226,0.00019632843,0.00021476237,0.0002773939,0.00011624422],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105704974,0.0000051401476,0.00031149742,0.00001982563,0.0000051850293,0.00009472757,0.000037165642,0.00024652306,0.99821067,0.000037332,0.000018003851,0.0009082415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020201482,0.00025825438,0.012761596,0.0000055894347,0.000011051408,0.00010559815,0.000088923916,0.004312437,0.98194677,0.000042575644,0.00043897342,0.000008068284],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002556818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021006155,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002556818,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033603213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020182594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005083859},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296918970","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0625","title":"Effect of Using Liquid Feedstock in a High Pressure Cold Spray Nozzle","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Spray characteristics; Spray nozzle; Materials science; Mechanics; Evaporation; Injector; Two-phase flow; Agglomerate; Thermodynamics; Flow (mathematics); Composite material; Physics","score_opus":0.004473141743739298,"score_gpt":0.22535792098313628,"score_spread":0.22088477923939698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4296918970","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960426,0.00040700022,0.0025749884,0.000028025732,0.000027309345,0.000013439623,0.00003716625,0.00008901889,0.0007804684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983474,0.00016144676,0.0010019068,0.000011504563,0.0000056127983,0.0000037394252,0.000030959905,0.000020338708,0.00041704136],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997273,0.000029185256,0.00001613884,0.00006291793,0.00010981697,0.000054680415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960464,0.0001778887,0.00009361979,0.00002433711,0.000062913685,0.00003655346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023441571,0.0004036339,0.00049765967,0.0001817079,0.00025388176,0.0008229625,0.00040036562,0.00038791166,0.0014529693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006240966,0.00021844773,0.00030846216,0.00017977465,0.00034731915,0.00065034657,0.0003214761,0.00037094986,0.0001794609],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00048471897,0.00006930804,0.00054340024,0.00013896743,0.00001550574,0.00015980356,0.000038071015,0.0048681893,0.98947436,0.00012905619,0.000043667118,0.004035095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002353695,0.00081671844,0.0013992253,0.0000059437502,0.000027921007,0.00003573863,0.00002894749,0.0114995,0.9856882,0.000017447494,0.00044735835,0.000009393646],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013043047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008989379,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014529693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038153952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029665206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004860699},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4300765101","doi":"10.1615/tsfp9.760","title":"DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT IN A TURBULENT SHEAR FLOW","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of Ninth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Shear flow; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.01510761156580139,"score_gpt":0.23139489408400604,"score_spread":0.21628728251820464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4300765101","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98880297,0.00025036844,0.008908808,0.00006629163,0.000023857432,0.0000120101095,0.00014039334,0.00004717892,0.0017480524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99749374,0.00010552092,0.000909891,0.000009030861,0.000008157598,0.000003958312,0.000100232435,0.000014363872,0.001355134],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999368,0.000005068338,0.0000030283481,0.000025508074,0.000014214641,0.000015455591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988675,0.000033773526,0.000016912894,0.0000071672116,0.000031373595,0.000023976092],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014286807,0.00015779004,0.00024316167,0.0005841099,0.0002668954,0.0007681114,0.00018638707,0.00030488262,0.0011466794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038663487,0.00016522086,0.00020314203,0.00027501862,0.00037517794,0.000709236,0.00028160177,0.00022727033,0.00026561596],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011668385,0.000118057294,0.009112862,0.000046027246,0.00003152321,0.00038165555,0.00010806986,0.02490793,0.94519293,0.011472281,0.00056500704,0.006896872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013057872,0.00044391153,0.022832507,0.00000757739,0.000034673314,0.00028843374,0.00014730306,0.54722613,0.4237411,0.003915143,0.0011662871,0.000066375884],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0017266169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00058106286,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017266169,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006090515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027243135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0044190288},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301040521","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0776","title":"Prediction of Coating Microstructure","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Coating; Materials science; Porosity; Volume fraction; Surface roughness; Composite material; Thermal spraying; Surface finish; Microstructure; Mechanics; Physics","score_opus":0.010255230278058193,"score_gpt":0.19756042247130623,"score_spread":0.18730519219324804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4301040521","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.76795864,0.00012691887,0.2282218,0.00009597779,0.000025930802,0.00003311856,0.00018323719,0.00042662185,0.0029277408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912459,0.00003181934,0.008358433,0.0000058724686,0.0000025952106,0.000010298181,0.000054191245,0.000014939618,0.00027597012],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989235,0.000019306344,0.000004335995,0.000024719959,0.000038584694,0.000020731657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995023,0.00020834572,0.000070931026,0.000058904465,0.00013005927,0.000029481727],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033145238,0.00030551988,0.0003264361,0.0003167357,0.0001829881,0.00044816476,0.00030399128,0.00049154705,0.00049275643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001409006,0.00027181074,0.00028301345,0.0001408749,0.00029657144,0.00027877762,0.00020041951,0.0002471921,0.0001241677],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008703646,0.000006762381,0.0011573894,0.0000049632,0.0000033181504,0.000012061296,0.0000030174901,0.9940812,0.0030240717,0.000284003,0.000031026833,0.0013835469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010414941,0.0000033716933,0.00025225093,3.4808215e-7,5.0544423e-7,0.0000016751355,3.652848e-7,0.9991301,0.00053830433,0.000053970354,0.000017279319,6.8483905e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0087010795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005344734,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0087010795,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00090896594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00069323904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017300904},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4301718286","doi":"10.1615/tsfp7.2290","title":"DROPLET TRANSPORT IN HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER WAKE FLOW","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of Seventh International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Wake; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Turbulence; Physics; Range (aeronautics); Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Stokes number; Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Materials science","score_opus":0.013440034419441147,"score_gpt":0.21595213798463764,"score_spread":0.2025121035651965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4301718286","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99023014,0.000220866,0.008711249,0.000029002385,0.000014379394,0.000017111392,0.000015432928,0.00003282235,0.0007288756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957853,0.00013241709,0.0035230226,0.000012828142,0.000010347315,0.0000065942118,0.000028125793,0.00001041545,0.0004909348],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999107,0.000013656491,0.000004682704,0.000017524952,0.000028018763,0.000025489657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998728,0.000043953987,0.000027227154,0.00000909044,0.000029915245,0.000017009987],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016016403,0.00021597536,0.0002566115,0.00036475295,0.00033480293,0.0004902133,0.0001893076,0.00023413962,0.00033926655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00040244573,0.00013918914,0.00023928499,0.00014020283,0.0004158952,0.0005924115,0.0002907623,0.0002766143,0.000113874536],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024608552,0.00011473031,0.0069415485,0.00006823786,0.000014914749,0.00078272965,0.000119625794,0.027259182,0.9527057,0.003809797,0.00013485468,0.007802636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016241186,0.0015897644,0.022237752,0.000019874225,0.00003600467,0.00092661846,0.00020001696,0.50321305,0.46582058,0.004100115,0.0016252312,0.000068620924],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008087857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036046718,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008087857,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033112263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024992594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0024024248},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306367171","doi":"10.3390/coatings12101546","title":"Numerical Study on Particle Behavior and Deposition Accuracy in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Coatings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Deposition (geology); Materials science; Particle (ecology); Gas dynamic cold spray; Spray nozzle; Substrate (aquarium); Particle deposition; Composite material; Projectile; Aluminium; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Mechanical engineering; Coating; Metallurgy; Engineering; Geology","score_opus":0.01388495606643646,"score_gpt":0.2539728260535897,"score_spread":0.2400878699871532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4306367171","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.89973766,0.00072787853,0.080801904,0.0004726284,0.00011427469,0.00008497382,0.0003005679,0.0002990411,0.017461102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872794,0.000109703076,0.011346816,0.000021861519,0.000007748131,0.000026942593,0.00008412903,0.000020543675,0.0011028673],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997758,0.00004074955,0.000015853755,0.000037026464,0.00007766911,0.000052806507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865866,0.00077258085,0.0001904731,0.00008772309,0.00023441287,0.0000560852],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005075156,0.00045798707,0.00052278186,0.00060465146,0.0007018322,0.00087699766,0.0007173629,0.0015672648,0.0015823735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0022271283,0.00028250206,0.0006286096,0.00043114132,0.00083179725,0.0005446824,0.0005308869,0.00058049243,0.00013866031],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00011162879,0.0000617539,0.006414149,0.00009941128,0.00002204153,0.00033985672,0.00011390192,0.9775524,0.008905439,0.0025505195,0.00022796412,0.003600845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005853996,0.000022142403,0.00056462514,0.0000049433997,0.000004003432,0.00002204262,0.000023163804,0.9979114,0.0011724603,0.00013920953,0.00012466208,0.0000054222824],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0113896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046064775,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0113896,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075237174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000731342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022646666},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306773895","doi":"10.3390/w14203290","title":"Two-Phase Flow Modeling for Bed Erosion by a Plane Jet Impingement","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Finite volume method; Jet (fluid); Erosion; Flow (mathematics); Scaling; Two-phase flow; Plane (geometry); Impact crater; Momentum (technical analysis); Geology; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.016295933078170392,"score_gpt":0.25198666402772524,"score_spread":0.23569073094955484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4306773895","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.40432045,0.00031999595,0.5904638,0.00012205894,0.00005641185,0.00009200848,0.00014064784,0.00024280361,0.004241816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95874286,0.0002686379,0.03857268,0.00001737855,0.000015783653,0.0000832176,0.00009290432,0.000030035262,0.0021765763],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994016,0.000013726725,0.0000040900995,0.000013326024,0.00001793669,0.000010822756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999879,0.00006140051,0.000024132954,0.000009979225,0.000017387156,0.000008166124],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016674148,0.00040236555,0.00044141195,0.00030715275,0.00025725356,0.0005824624,0.0005022338,0.0006856406,0.0007110487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043700935,0.00018324268,0.00048272547,0.00024621314,0.00039337657,0.00042763713,0.0002488946,0.00042503167,0.00010429903],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030498622,0.00004360967,0.00075247814,0.0000221583,0.0000063156936,0.00006195094,0.000032573793,0.9839954,0.008999807,0.0028977934,0.00004443156,0.0031128987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000044855337,0.0000070051115,0.00012207426,7.0356447e-7,9.112245e-7,0.000005284968,0.000002644318,0.999252,0.00036506105,0.0001553791,0.000082971186,0.0000014662326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005089039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018915497,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005089039,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036716773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00040459272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010118842},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4306837442","doi":"10.3390/coatings12101578","title":"Compressibility and Rarefaction Effects on Particle Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Aerosol Deposition Process","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Coatings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Knudsen number; Rarefaction (ecology); Mechanics; Mach number; Compressibility; Heat transfer; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Heat transfer coefficient; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.006512264878271721,"score_gpt":0.22149990602210343,"score_spread":0.2149876411438317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4306837442","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93578136,0.0013377679,0.058227707,0.00020557786,0.000087957975,0.000079719815,0.000098279874,0.0001162397,0.0040653734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99677676,0.0003931777,0.0019094083,0.000012387392,0.000014543088,0.000019650544,0.000026153779,0.000011159913,0.0008369178],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982965,0.000036279103,0.0000110796855,0.00003233091,0.000052238618,0.000038470946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996201,0.00022603113,0.0000667895,0.000020424523,0.00004415106,0.000022466806],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030990888,0.00062850513,0.00040732784,0.00041561358,0.0004904208,0.00069520756,0.0004271513,0.0007016634,0.0005335082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00097183115,0.000272069,0.0006226479,0.0002101835,0.0006113796,0.00080626993,0.0006354474,0.00042011458,0.00007965296],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00036563698,0.00021279916,0.011580983,0.00024911316,0.000061978426,0.0010212265,0.00045275962,0.8152508,0.1445343,0.0077817766,0.00021143492,0.018277196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015324842,0.000065285196,0.0021962994,0.0000070626525,0.000011202669,0.000058665333,0.000021363763,0.9840359,0.012947939,0.0003333189,0.00028976417,0.000017906972],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009765129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028104833,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009765129,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00055402715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006295578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01941657},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4308460407","doi":"10.1115/1.4056177","title":"Particles Transportation and Deposition Behavior During Horizontal Wellbore Exploitation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Mechanics; Spark plug; Volumetric flow rate; Materials science; Shearing (physics); Wellbore; Particle deposition; Petroleum engineering; Turbulence; Geology; Composite material; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.00390418543404054,"score_gpt":0.1845642803046557,"score_spread":0.18066009487061516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4308460407","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.999113,0.000048484075,0.00049812684,0.0000082465795,0.000002213865,0.0000019642625,0.000040288043,0.000020188785,0.00026734915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999302,0.000027162478,0.00028865994,0.000002592627,6.317212e-7,0.0000022077031,0.000059899554,0.0000040334858,0.0003128257],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999385,0.000004411787,0.000003364672,0.00001804489,0.000017605493,0.000018068997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99989724,0.00002789795,0.000021795076,0.000007424777,0.00003034677,0.0000151631075],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001193335,0.00016204812,0.0001731874,0.0002624239,0.00031382192,0.000247838,0.00014068629,0.00014685735,0.0009888178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00017399731,0.00011624211,0.00017756016,0.00017183875,0.00020153959,0.00028740487,0.00016806825,0.00021800623,0.00015803578],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006230947,0.00006693663,0.021605346,0.00006215649,0.000020709951,0.0004596518,0.00035643193,0.008577622,0.95877916,0.00029168095,0.00022230372,0.008934945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003089494,0.0007380456,0.107396446,0.0000137028,0.000042673615,0.000184072,0.00070790574,0.087993465,0.8013401,0.0001997273,0.0013069226,0.00004600396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032022593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022588077,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032022593,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027375977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015108199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006367266},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310209594","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2022.119432","title":"Characterization of the aerosol produced from an aerated jet","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Aeration; Sink (geography); Mechanics; Jet (fluid); RADIUS; Particle (ecology); Aerosol; Environmental science; Chemistry; Materials science; Physics; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.04782359663608513,"score_gpt":0.3042764116683903,"score_spread":0.25645281503230516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4310209594","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959401,0.00021121702,0.0028274704,0.000023914594,0.000029627621,0.000020503401,0.00016048343,0.000037567297,0.0007490665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99476236,0.000177345,0.0034014052,0.00003528906,0.000014524014,0.000015149828,0.00034189847,0.000026505204,0.0012257496],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978155,0.000015827529,0.000012157512,0.00004288224,0.00011708755,0.000030506064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980265,0.00005566193,0.00002476408,0.000015663258,0.00007690193,0.000024385776],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021528579,0.00021449532,0.00026762031,0.00038227387,0.0003954334,0.00039659033,0.00025890855,0.0005057086,0.0010932882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032211113,0.0000958361,0.00034189734,0.00020939019,0.0002555353,0.00030111635,0.0001827778,0.0002893644,0.0001901983],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007066616,0.000014935413,0.0005077285,0.000010508887,0.000003841405,0.000092098126,0.000017296079,0.00008302347,0.99842864,0.000017362534,0.000012080805,0.0007417087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017012022,0.00042031446,0.019214379,0.0000044219205,0.00001891284,0.00022572234,0.00007154608,0.0025599361,0.9767262,0.000030127381,0.0007025677,0.000008915077],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00071613136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005172261,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010932882,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013171879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017232524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0036574602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311545803","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24795","title":"Hydrodynamics of inhomogeneous agglomerates for a fractal dimension of 2.5 at intermediate <scp>R</scp>eynolds numbers: Effect of agglomerate sizes and <scp>R</scp>eynolds numbers","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Agglomerate; Fractal dimension; Drag; SPHERES; Materials science; Dimensionless quantity; Reynolds number; Porosity; Composite material; Fractal; Mechanics; Physics; Mathematics; Turbulence; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.00389203460690582,"score_gpt":0.1884107460086268,"score_spread":0.184518711401721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4311545803","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99801934,0.00015089614,0.0013548869,0.000022983288,0.000012631138,0.0000078055655,0.000042415042,0.000043358028,0.00034566387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990489,0.00006152584,0.000683373,0.00001252602,0.0000036325644,0.0000055435285,0.000047330086,0.0000093121525,0.00012778906],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99972683,0.000036600417,0.000018973114,0.00004972822,0.000071559145,0.000096387615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993782,0.0002701879,0.00011207638,0.000043582673,0.000108305416,0.000087590786],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041763176,0.0003672426,0.00037931022,0.00037407724,0.00030710618,0.00046847187,0.00019658467,0.00030781113,0.00040217015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00078567077,0.00017681257,0.00041193663,0.00020841658,0.00049244886,0.00038030033,0.0002912537,0.00039225974,0.00009351831],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007050616,0.00014328006,0.004725331,0.00009417924,0.000037693706,0.00031405358,0.00016459601,0.04609053,0.94348806,0.0005557314,0.00030522194,0.0033762958],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006981682,0.00088620075,0.03715319,0.000019316765,0.000051630985,0.00010068466,0.00016845402,0.16479224,0.79499096,0.00022050773,0.0014610883,0.00008580485],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002886467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017205332,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002886467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006448415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002906487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0057393312},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312344404","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-80013","title":"Particle Rebound/Deposition Modelling in Engine Hot Sections","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Department of National Defence; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Particle deposition; Particle (ecology); Nozzle; Range (aeronautics); Mechanics; Calibration; Materials science; Particle size; Computational fluid dynamics; Environmental science; Meteorology; Physics; Geology; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.013999217990195309,"score_gpt":0.2012327147169927,"score_spread":0.1872334967267974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312344404","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9340932,0.00076117454,0.06012244,0.000025154586,0.000023615947,0.000098041775,0.00053898763,0.00029643797,0.004041026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921909,0.00033296327,0.005128553,0.000009921542,0.0000029132723,0.000033696928,0.00034988153,0.00003630354,0.0019148254],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99978405,0.000022117161,0.000013803076,0.00007022701,0.00007384539,0.00003589723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998109,0.00006800648,0.00003566985,0.00002871398,0.000047150214,0.000009576864],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041050796,0.00061829545,0.0006364444,0.00052925566,0.00033113055,0.0009423542,0.0007764787,0.00069145154,0.0007719517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003821099,0.00039310948,0.0008328148,0.00048613257,0.00032277574,0.00046600262,0.0004962769,0.0003480336,0.00030511728],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012922946,0.00006804792,0.011564474,0.00016866984,0.000059997466,0.00029468178,0.00010624886,0.9427072,0.03441535,0.00053125515,0.00015035536,0.00980459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009558947,0.00007854944,0.009423027,0.00001421893,0.000028408924,0.00007552744,0.000060430884,0.9644405,0.02490878,0.00019795637,0.00074641756,0.00001656544],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014358272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009049147,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014358272,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00093016715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045931837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028549433},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312577976","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2002p0918","title":"Effect of Flow Regime on Particle Velocity in the HVOF Process","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Dairy Network","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Drag; Deposition (geology); Nozzle; Flow (mathematics); Thermal spraying; Materials science; Flow velocity; Particle (ecology); Particle velocity; Jet (fluid); Particle deposition; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Geology; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.010668041458048168,"score_gpt":0.2333546712636437,"score_spread":0.22268662980559553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312577976","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99655354,0.000110150926,0.0027148586,0.00002035284,0.0000057206694,0.000006149147,0.000023606352,0.000024150308,0.00054146844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993191,0.0000534311,0.00050613924,0.000004683845,0.0000014387322,0.0000022564714,0.00001454818,0.0000036253816,0.00009477625],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998895,0.000019016657,0.0000060428433,0.000024796364,0.000028907312,0.00003164479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995803,0.00028938154,0.000057967787,0.00001746591,0.000033869175,0.00002111244],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026028024,0.00017106663,0.00026559265,0.00019450762,0.0002282678,0.0005722457,0.0001238966,0.00026089788,0.0005436956],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009743947,0.00013820664,0.00016192549,0.000112674075,0.00034488918,0.00040099697,0.0001980025,0.00022845417,0.00007494271],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012763236,0.00029169468,0.010520149,0.00011240106,0.00003074562,0.00035920518,0.00024311438,0.12641467,0.8383489,0.0014675193,0.0001728781,0.020762328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000107831394,0.0012004204,0.016545648,0.000027441247,0.0000290985,0.00015688868,0.000100940735,0.42905688,0.5512403,0.0004718003,0.0010166032,0.000046146477],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010920194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004700157,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010920194,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030243924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001883905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002194345},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312635800","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-80469","title":"Improvement of Silicon Nitride Turbine Blade Impact Resistance Under Uniaxial Compression Loading","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Turbine; Materials science; Turbine blade; Ceramic; Silicon nitride; Rotor (electric); Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Composite material; Engineering; Silicon; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.009719220768325137,"score_gpt":0.23894836485105733,"score_spread":0.2292291440827322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4312635800","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985643,0.0000711801,0.0007317976,0.00000847554,0.000007178062,0.000005802183,0.000029210023,0.000034482837,0.00054762606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987149,0.000046592988,0.0006211581,0.0000042721954,0.0000015124068,0.0000044001818,0.000043521817,0.00001047968,0.0005531128],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998741,0.000008298258,0.000008124061,0.000024086507,0.00005941126,0.000026065689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997383,0.000045752233,0.00007298868,0.00003204186,0.00007998461,0.000030987812],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001816232,0.00023996789,0.00019289363,0.00018523633,0.00016556261,0.00015464137,0.00015654543,0.00018344038,0.001102638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003332146,0.00013584086,0.00011144258,0.00012500392,0.0001788541,0.00017284839,0.00013923654,0.0001895563,0.00018478051],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010245973,0.000015228668,0.000470322,0.000023622844,0.000002441034,0.000052422667,0.000033494656,0.00044120452,0.997247,0.000018734852,0.00003319051,0.0015598449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006578789,0.00030230914,0.008006612,0.0000029547969,0.0000060620396,0.00004103329,0.000039668892,0.0031185746,0.9881196,0.00000596197,0.0003462057,0.0000043880095],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006243965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016182,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001102638,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015318362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001159545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0036886334},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313435724","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0789","title":"Three-Dimensional Modelling of Cold Spray for Additive Manufacturing","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thermal spray","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Frustum; Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Dispersion (optics); Substrate (aquarium); Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Object (grammar); Computer science; Quality (philosophy); Process engineering; Engineering; Optics; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Physics","score_opus":0.016509286244222585,"score_gpt":0.20772094032030103,"score_spread":0.19121165407607843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313435724","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7180307,0.00048055802,0.25246185,0.00030670947,0.00012650968,0.00023503472,0.00048770555,0.00044392058,0.027427016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98235804,0.00021265462,0.013971098,0.000033017306,0.000009056358,0.00009427155,0.00011075873,0.00003600847,0.003175089],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999001,0.000021839352,0.0000043886726,0.000011994079,0.00004163221,0.000020096935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99982554,0.000088478635,0.000019380132,0.0000150426795,0.000034411467,0.000017137227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002166438,0.00040554962,0.00049440505,0.0003633662,0.0005427695,0.0010572457,0.0005957766,0.0011668302,0.0024115613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005421121,0.0002696637,0.00059057784,0.0002793297,0.0007304463,0.0003541773,0.00049699243,0.0004119818,0.00025598056],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002133655,0.000017551687,0.00039813804,0.000015213015,0.000005626084,0.00008792154,0.000031091542,0.9926077,0.004225064,0.0016497864,0.000055877692,0.00088467746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000070639703,0.000017810567,0.00020707103,0.0000028838456,0.0000019209565,0.000013841283,0.000011739151,0.9985991,0.00069981784,0.00018096366,0.0002526153,0.000005189145],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.010834535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0047294283,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.010834535,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00069060765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011264865,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.021542966},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313551387","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24824","title":"Influence of weak electrostatic charges and secondary flows on pneumatic powder transport","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; European Commission","keywords":"Mechanics; Secondary flow; Turbulence; Duct (anatomy); Vortex; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Electrostatics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Materials science; Chemistry; Geology","score_opus":0.005096649309493081,"score_gpt":0.182499138639862,"score_spread":0.17740248933036892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313551387","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895571,0.00016578566,0.007547623,0.00007922678,0.00003767529,0.000017464685,0.00004884322,0.00007465529,0.002471652],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99931276,0.00004927533,0.0003363314,0.0000065820473,0.0000032002558,0.0000036058045,0.000013643913,0.0000044756616,0.00027009528],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990046,0.000016291617,0.000005338726,0.00001426154,0.000023598555,0.000040033046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997228,0.00015289172,0.00003145365,0.0000117968275,0.00004255532,0.00003845807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018656558,0.00027105588,0.0002818526,0.00024960874,0.00036186716,0.00062118436,0.00019172905,0.0003260156,0.0015316643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006729609,0.000099608464,0.00022241955,0.00012461332,0.0005533409,0.00035535512,0.000412156,0.00028182764,0.00010123105],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006734425,0.0002416624,0.00946565,0.00030116297,0.00005095739,0.0013740812,0.00022863342,0.3795902,0.57585627,0.011144834,0.0008719886,0.020201195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007390164,0.00039301865,0.0074812565,0.000017512815,0.000031859352,0.00012098243,0.000098712284,0.8370673,0.15184794,0.0011753141,0.0016582081,0.0000341178],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027752763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010862625,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027752763,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042652592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006034122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005518198},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313576923","doi":"10.3389/fmech.2022.924755","title":"Environmental particle rebound/deposition modeling in engine hot sections","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Particle deposition; Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Nozzle; Range (aeronautics); Mechanics; Environmental science; Particle size; Work (physics); Materials science; Meteorology; Nuclear engineering; Aerospace engineering; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.00944951416432309,"score_gpt":0.1883883779990408,"score_spread":0.1789388638347177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4313576923","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.903759,0.0004645978,0.08884999,0.000034764544,0.000019348754,0.00008575022,0.00033853922,0.00022201348,0.0062259086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904613,0.00027102258,0.006566482,0.0000106646285,0.000003860653,0.000040104358,0.000180297,0.000035636673,0.0024306115],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998646,0.000018231713,0.000008369773,0.000040765564,0.000042994317,0.00002500567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998387,0.000053640793,0.000033312266,0.000020727382,0.000045002515,0.000008620358],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002778701,0.0005932695,0.0004255376,0.00039215764,0.0002961917,0.0006484499,0.0006995598,0.00074621243,0.00059272547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033582473,0.0003683448,0.0006268788,0.00031393775,0.00032269637,0.00042337293,0.0004771238,0.00031157114,0.00022173751],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000029964722,0.00003129403,0.0045730113,0.00003862672,0.000014853177,0.00011554849,0.000040152758,0.9798819,0.011714084,0.00031802407,0.000057358353,0.0031850822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004298786,0.000036012076,0.0034216624,0.0000040073214,0.000009608601,0.00003080258,0.00002859522,0.9900041,0.0060051843,0.00015127924,0.0002975862,0.000006877935],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012912641,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007931249,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012912641,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066185987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045202812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02567494},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318479262","doi":"10.1063/5.0133499","title":"Steady three-dimensional unbounded flow past an obstacle continuously deviating from a sphere to a cube","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Obstacle; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Reynolds number; Geometry; Immersed boundary method; Boundary (topology); Finite volume method; Regular grid; Mathematical analysis; Polygon mesh; Curvature; Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Mathematics; Grid","score_opus":0.021865215465215044,"score_gpt":0.24776663733823734,"score_spread":0.22590142187302228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318479262","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900131,0.00004576671,0.005653971,0.000105208084,0.000017890568,0.000030372457,0.00023655637,0.00009453925,0.0038024872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99420446,0.000041118663,0.0044233087,0.000036787103,0.000005590695,0.00003157091,0.0003468175,0.00002331081,0.0008870834],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986935,0.000016231326,0.000006165401,0.00002030941,0.000039140876,0.000048792135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99960095,0.00017364336,0.00005087448,0.00003088982,0.000067134344,0.00007660083],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001905706,0.00037527006,0.0005347171,0.00037968703,0.0006705342,0.00086182525,0.0006025786,0.0007415794,0.0014224728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008962627,0.00015190913,0.00045239693,0.00043958388,0.0010213591,0.00030207064,0.00057284435,0.0006794743,0.000115735],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002533615,0.00021770195,0.006319913,0.000056135897,0.000038950562,0.0005699849,0.0002825541,0.9727595,0.011587972,0.0048690173,0.00037945595,0.0026653616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031080726,0.000098426695,0.0021733392,0.000009724228,0.000006895655,0.00004119479,0.00010960612,0.9944231,0.0022709144,0.00055854785,0.00026265898,0.000014495581],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013951814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054942905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013951814,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005911131,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010594442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027741194},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4318716386","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4329734","title":"High Spatial Resolution Fluid Thermometry in Boundary Layers by Macroscopic Imaging of Individual Phosphor Tracer Particles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Image resolution; Optics; Luminescence; Laminar flow; Boundary layer; Materials science; Scattering; Particle (ecology); Computational physics; Particle image velocimetry; Physics; Mechanics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.0058291711663344264,"score_gpt":0.22671695296466685,"score_spread":0.2208877817983324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4318716386","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54223496,0.00089637295,0.45386532,0.000088314744,0.00005266664,0.00004490207,0.00009624821,0.00082363276,0.001897563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.84399194,0.0004596533,0.1540906,0.000039263563,0.00002005861,0.00006783592,0.00007320011,0.00012387338,0.0011337353],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998385,0.000018631108,0.0000060173243,0.000058543166,0.00005656553,0.000021710837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983907,0.000062316954,0.000041956537,0.000018541394,0.000021988862,0.000016133903],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038108206,0.00035507808,0.00035055686,0.00043004742,0.00015443993,0.0006456025,0.00048363814,0.00040450017,0.00049144466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00062750763,0.00027944156,0.00026442762,0.00021593666,0.0006561827,0.00068268797,0.000736111,0.00053467194,0.00020848752],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006690217,0.000016857848,0.00038239794,0.000055039884,0.000004545873,0.000063170555,0.00007454548,0.0040249503,0.98449254,0.0023259236,0.000058428228,0.008434727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000017748247,0.000113596194,0.0011193157,0.000015285916,0.000010572645,0.00016085415,0.000030199368,0.08286185,0.9136205,0.00080776826,0.0012146443,0.00002768088],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006900303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004739205,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006900303,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042851426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003390187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0031090975},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320001014","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-32-390133-8.00014-1","title":"Results from particle-resolved simulations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"High fidelity; Particle (ecology); Variety (cybernetics); Computer science; Fidelity; Point (geometry); Turbulence; Aerospace engineering; Statistical physics; Computational science; Mechanics; Physics; Engineering; Mathematics; Geology; Artificial intelligence; Geometry","score_opus":0.028022594643482723,"score_gpt":0.23962437509692805,"score_spread":0.21160178045344533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320001014","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.2954721,0.006401389,0.2305557,0.002517013,0.0030835662,0.00030217035,0.028253129,0.0152132,0.41820163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.82199794,0.0021526199,0.10138064,0.00045928403,0.0003491557,0.0003498203,0.019406185,0.0072872774,0.046617124],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993291,0.00016073755,0.000035519526,0.00008001236,0.0003246068,0.000070094844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99733377,0.0014433188,0.00006990921,0.00046349963,0.000602676,0.00008686281],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006948002,0.0012506394,0.0017703149,0.00083786837,0.0010760322,0.0018514944,0.001996957,0.001895239,0.026331626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003944708,0.0005159176,0.0007590305,0.0017110711,0.0006295812,0.0012599018,0.00061112153,0.0013602393,0.005782606],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004374466,0.0006013862,0.0015187924,0.0007161908,0.00016485086,0.0002781565,0.00024356313,0.82865834,0.008296542,0.028365541,0.073436625,0.05728264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005286058,0.000034838096,0.0009077675,0.000052012176,0.000026632546,0.000037194368,0.00006488416,0.97098565,0.00847088,0.009764168,0.0095750475,0.00002813113],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009339689,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006119558,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.026331626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006523308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006706528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.088088095},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4320879407","doi":"10.1029/2022jb025809","title":"Experimental Measurement of Enhanced and Hindered Particle Settling in Turbulent Gas‐Particle Suspensions, and Geophysical Implications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Settling; Particle (ecology); Turbulence; Drag; Mechanics; Particle velocity; Drag coefficient; Materials science; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Physics; Geology; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.06619093333015237,"score_gpt":0.35328216321416855,"score_spread":0.2870912298840162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4320879407","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99608827,0.00008690305,0.003361546,0.000019566198,0.000010106935,0.000009948505,0.000050870007,0.000029097995,0.00034370855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976998,0.000043816908,0.0020340884,0.000010632592,0.0000035654925,0.000008510122,0.000058585934,0.000005732359,0.0001352658],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997725,0.000042613196,0.000019606847,0.00005654324,0.00007999291,0.000028666911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994398,0.00028207793,0.0000829867,0.000037528986,0.00010898672,0.000048545277],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040401463,0.0002722797,0.00016744074,0.00030682902,0.00040780692,0.00037007406,0.0002960034,0.00040219352,0.00052777387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009718529,0.00015501001,0.00011164415,0.00022683087,0.0005201036,0.00027666969,0.00034026892,0.000435011,0.00008965155],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010762915,0.000039722992,0.002179003,0.000024150817,0.00000469986,0.000030609808,0.0000661794,0.0006255222,0.9955799,0.00013080584,0.000029621764,0.0011821223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027196995,0.00046539138,0.0099588465,0.0000066848347,0.000010787578,0.000050986393,0.000085142194,0.012015395,0.97691464,0.00012610448,0.0003236758,0.00001505032],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012699715,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009183659,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012699715,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002683229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00016018373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0025252104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321439769","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-84936-8_50","title":"Powders and In-Flight Particle Diagnostics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Characterization (materials science); Particle (ecology); Plasma; Coating; Particle-size distribution; Thermal spraying; Particle size; Substrate (aquarium); Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Engineering","score_opus":0.01534580876104144,"score_gpt":0.2032291374902521,"score_spread":0.18788332872921065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4321439769","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0046145064,0.09724732,0.11348122,0.0026721302,0.0047936146,0.00008913193,0.0003220417,0.00072837784,0.7760515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.029836785,0.04621428,0.039969616,0.0011977062,0.0012160765,0.000058298123,0.00037362412,0.00049603806,0.8806375],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99975616,0.00002773158,0.0000067156966,0.000031194413,0.00016340696,0.000014787564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988854,0.00006274148,0.0000055188093,0.000013053861,0.000024514256,0.0000055623586],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025182634,0.00063860504,0.0006118553,0.0007058296,0.0005113042,0.002159402,0.0006951248,0.0014504906,0.016298288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00037869997,0.00042098336,0.00030772339,0.0007390537,0.0008868843,0.0021721947,0.00091453356,0.0017702146,0.0070217927],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000059704005,0.000098636825,0.00018730883,0.0006569755,0.000014816543,0.000321287,0.00031271996,0.0026361805,0.019586593,0.4632655,0.12716629,0.38569403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005725029,0.00003751207,0.00029797095,0.00013335633,0.000007087376,0.00072166725,0.00006933826,0.003570111,0.010641518,0.07169059,0.9128105,0.000014636463],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00059348915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00096551614,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.016298288,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005506806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000430154,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05452323},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323781399","doi":"10.14311/tpfm.2023.024","title":"Investigation of the Impurity Transfer Process in the Boundary Layer above a Concave Wall","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Vortex; Boundary layer; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Transverse plane; Wavelength; Mass transfer; Convection; Physics; Optics; Materials science; Anatomy; Biology","score_opus":0.023654331194226857,"score_gpt":0.2449646690343283,"score_spread":0.22131033784010143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4323781399","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99321693,0.00006138611,0.004733255,0.00004803716,0.000008242835,0.000010608081,0.000021482892,0.00005433863,0.001845614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983449,0.00002971596,0.0011017196,0.0000059127033,0.0000015615582,0.0000034936593,0.00002031617,0.000006711815,0.0004857034],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999341,0.000009871449,0.0000020872333,0.000009202423,0.000014524684,0.00003016308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99985254,0.00005444892,0.000026951497,0.000010853516,0.0000261183,0.000029062807],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015186076,0.00031625837,0.00045650578,0.0002786623,0.0006053803,0.0007322015,0.00033245242,0.0005981255,0.00077357027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044304147,0.00015953682,0.00031450484,0.00014239356,0.00060296326,0.00032974628,0.00028907845,0.00035536374,0.00014526809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00059728324,0.0003539117,0.018175283,0.00013701277,0.00004724111,0.0016067675,0.00046979496,0.49497834,0.4672015,0.008605502,0.00032694996,0.007500372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002321087,0.00015387818,0.0054127662,0.000008607636,0.000012316461,0.00008154969,0.00011217736,0.9556648,0.037968326,0.00030759218,0.00023709454,0.000017633129],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004764739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011552772,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004764739,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00054061925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042497777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0094739795},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4324335359","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2023.104446","title":"A light extinction-based concentration measurement in two phase gas-solid flow","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science; Optics; Particle (ecology); Extinction (optical mineralogy); Jet (fluid); Phase (matter); Planar; Nephelometry; Mechanics; Environmental science; Computational physics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.02651725468357012,"score_gpt":0.32125654500521345,"score_spread":0.2947392903216433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4324335359","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.828356,0.001749934,0.15892601,0.00048601787,0.00029422485,0.00032712048,0.000413637,0.0023444558,0.007102561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94431126,0.00047997432,0.052178122,0.0002435502,0.0000666982,0.000078792466,0.00012680002,0.00006747786,0.0024471316],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99903536,0.00017285979,0.000019067773,0.000234177,0.0004711969,0.00006733026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999464,0.00018106651,0.00005447886,0.000051209696,0.00019659646,0.00005270241],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00066083693,0.0005987107,0.00052062,0.0008707295,0.00063122413,0.0008613622,0.0014930448,0.0013035156,0.0013391313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008126686,0.00040810576,0.0002896589,0.0005247586,0.0007970956,0.0008931648,0.0008665824,0.00077467907,0.0004667853],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034264466,0.00014055725,0.0017081358,0.00008665256,0.000018854354,0.00007875409,0.00007919923,0.0004162847,0.9798921,0.00035132564,0.00024991937,0.016635777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000045480152,0.00030120995,0.002829437,0.000009059315,0.000025686288,0.00018482738,0.00004025385,0.024261875,0.97111446,0.00010412476,0.0010528299,0.000030809526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001428696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015505523,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014930448,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000681473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006555223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0049444437},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4353090565","doi":"10.3390/en16062910","title":"Preferential Concentration of Particles in Forced Turbulent Flows: Effects of Gravity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Stokes number; Turbulence; Range (aeronautics); Physics; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Stokes' law; Particle number; Probability density function; Number density; Vorticity; Classical mechanics; Reynolds number; Stokes flow; Vortex; Mathematics; Geology; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Flow (mathematics); Statistics","score_opus":0.007652672118803011,"score_gpt":0.21659641072521507,"score_spread":0.20894373860641205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4353090565","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963924,0.00008186989,0.0023705286,0.00005200564,0.000012870409,0.000010855192,0.00007794295,0.000042679487,0.00095882255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99910957,0.000037473965,0.00068447774,0.0000066997018,0.00000260134,0.000005181045,0.000036585494,0.000007277751,0.000110229106],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987686,0.000018852528,0.000008811943,0.000021019745,0.000022690881,0.00005173034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995493,0.00018303524,0.00009031982,0.000031526506,0.00006877017,0.00007706964],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024444362,0.00044564367,0.00040441303,0.0005785468,0.00060677796,0.0006755624,0.000359779,0.00044501325,0.0005483062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010935048,0.00022705852,0.00046177884,0.0004408224,0.000909776,0.0005723889,0.00068142207,0.00035293942,0.000056732893],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004430401,0.00021470254,0.021206647,0.00010390013,0.00006316188,0.00054042554,0.00019248217,0.927662,0.038846433,0.00515138,0.00048854493,0.0050872997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029325669,0.000060355585,0.006207605,0.0000070684023,0.000008535616,0.000029879835,0.0000379838,0.9887095,0.0043145856,0.000473921,0.000108036984,0.000013134526],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011658619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0057854503,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011658619,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006532494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00063144416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.023181498},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362635748","doi":"10.1115/1.4062261","title":"In Memoriam: Raymond Viskanta","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Purdue University","keywords":"Philosophy; Art","score_opus":0.009427795329959356,"score_gpt":0.2280491859011466,"score_spread":0.21862139057118724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362635748","genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00037128275,0.012908908,0.00036044812,0.4160906,0.547354,0.000053116968,0.0003298595,0.00038486024,0.022147026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008912386,0.014164679,0.0007461103,0.3306652,0.22394516,0.00020391092,0.00041608477,0.00044399648,0.42050242],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99785054,0.0003886973,0.000119344615,0.00055252877,0.00083651673,0.00025246612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99335265,0.001185237,0.00037352316,0.00024868568,0.0031563875,0.0016835062],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017276355,0.0015899424,0.0014142757,0.001014701,0.004327313,0.006457084,0.0020093503,0.00544065,0.06424034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.016313432,0.000515321,0.00090442307,0.00046558035,0.0014850858,0.003439756,0.0033141894,0.01562881,0.05057375],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008987419,0.000004538222,0.000023703731,0.000016272437,0.0000017142373,0.00005496612,0.0000267387,0.000007387824,0.000020263857,0.00023628652,0.996671,0.0029279974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005328631,0.00000886836,0.00009134836,0.000079484365,0.0000028253814,0.0002276109,0.00013081344,0.000020914027,0.000058164813,0.00028422996,0.9990828,0.0000075850326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004802354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0065883356,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06424034,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002696534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044159796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.21490532},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362710259","doi":"10.4209/aaqr.230008","title":"Characterisation of the Aerodynamic Aerosol Classifier Transfer Function for Particle Sizes up to 5 Micrometres","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Aerodynamics; Particle size; Condensation particle counter; Materials science; Mechanics; Particle number; Chemistry; Meteorology; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.11438861776250868,"score_gpt":0.3654769482892385,"score_spread":0.2510883305267298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4362710259","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7067262,0.0025406072,0.2741469,0.00035153385,0.00036909693,0.0007402983,0.0013537356,0.00223868,0.011533015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.91779464,0.00085625757,0.07493193,0.00031726583,0.00007347462,0.00048637358,0.0011660818,0.00023217264,0.0041418574],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9983896,0.00008859574,0.00006805535,0.0002549394,0.0010798011,0.00011895536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99706477,0.0011954014,0.00019366204,0.00017920157,0.0013152446,0.000051727227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021219077,0.00057774223,0.00043343662,0.001179801,0.0004986091,0.0007617576,0.00077540433,0.0010197603,0.0018655049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0049220924,0.00024403985,0.0005008237,0.0005897948,0.0004941254,0.0009232681,0.0005432128,0.0008914078,0.0012844886],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002694352,0.00015004854,0.010863118,0.00034827675,0.00003906903,0.00024785008,0.00042587158,0.0059681404,0.89369726,0.0014764303,0.002190198,0.08432427],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002253474,0.0007111909,0.021639725,0.00004045687,0.000053790456,0.00041933623,0.00012257014,0.0576643,0.90594524,0.0006089967,0.01269533,0.00007643635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020107469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019982366,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021219077,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007289234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00071061216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011221886},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4367459929","doi":"10.1504/ijcsm.2023.10055914","title":"Particle resolved direct numerical simulation of heat transfer in gas-solid flows","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Heat transfer; Particle (ecology); Statistical physics; Physics; Environmental science; Geology","score_opus":0.021123340784513178,"score_gpt":0.3073194511817594,"score_spread":0.28619611039724624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4367459929","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.23364814,0.00062593777,0.75356954,0.00025060526,0.0002737053,0.00016545887,0.0001660705,0.00055282714,0.010747717],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8723097,0.00023393868,0.124052934,0.000047880327,0.000029662791,0.00016739008,0.00011292616,0.00005649413,0.002989138],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982196,0.00004964183,0.0000074088275,0.00001968959,0.00008108804,0.000020347044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997327,0.00015067405,0.000023990558,0.000024727042,0.000041815067,0.000026155223],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003493365,0.0003509048,0.00061336224,0.00025456748,0.0003788112,0.00066787336,0.00088927214,0.0011450857,0.001294233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00094077084,0.00023614505,0.0004952618,0.00024050089,0.00066077645,0.0005247574,0.00075850775,0.00061387697,0.00018024184],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000809402,0.00008500049,0.00088807335,0.00010863074,0.000020385956,0.00016586862,0.00008444178,0.9739242,0.008407436,0.007795919,0.00027121825,0.008167848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008953372,0.000011989199,0.000062302184,0.0000017157995,0.0000011731148,0.00001038752,0.0000040616746,0.9982692,0.0010346726,0.0003323225,0.00026107486,0.0000020878797],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028385618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012503029,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0028385618,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033744657,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00061674666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005644083},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377194654","doi":"10.1002/cjce.24971","title":"Effects of particle concentration and size on the dissipation rate and turbulent kinetic energy of oil","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Turbulence kinetic energy; Dissipation; Kinetic energy; Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.0047846086425328,"score_gpt":0.1726496883566081,"score_spread":0.1678650797140753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4377194654","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971572,0.00042800017,0.0017441219,0.000026004855,0.000021650427,0.000008659151,0.00004578188,0.00002469368,0.0005437996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990054,0.00014024624,0.0005940911,0.000009949875,0.0000035422872,0.0000048564193,0.000029895022,0.000008868349,0.00020316114],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997031,0.000043524764,0.000021138727,0.000057759018,0.00012603632,0.000048340262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99816716,0.00121094,0.00020797337,0.000060434933,0.0002739121,0.00007955425],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000439298,0.00023769125,0.000255433,0.00032124447,0.000218338,0.00039972356,0.00016664229,0.00019117958,0.0006124597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019112144,0.00017475034,0.00024210745,0.00017028903,0.0003635927,0.0003495877,0.00018142484,0.00025504266,0.000107876396],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00080324814,0.00012402443,0.005491841,0.000093966955,0.000027077484,0.000089169225,0.000060467464,0.0046757706,0.9813969,0.00016872036,0.00008095824,0.0069878916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015412435,0.0005347442,0.015607465,0.000005460284,0.00003459748,0.000036549016,0.0000455184,0.011363307,0.9719312,0.000045351968,0.00036001668,0.000020302725],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0032405467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016678197,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032405467,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003706904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022941921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0064433813},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4378221233","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4458949","title":"Optical Measurement of Areal Density of Particles on a Surface","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Surface (topology); Materials science; Environmental science; Geometry; Mathematics","score_opus":0.031683446944679484,"score_gpt":0.24718674451954217,"score_spread":0.2155032975748627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4378221233","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9484523,0.0004449146,0.04025882,0.00019798041,0.00012065308,0.000058318034,0.00028399492,0.00023764514,0.009945326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845353,0.00024112727,0.0126003,0.00008424589,0.00007663254,0.000031041523,0.00010969047,0.000018895016,0.00230277],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99979895,0.000020806647,0.0000037913587,0.000049409115,0.00009066933,0.000036291],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99949324,0.00020744906,0.000076762226,0.00004663855,0.0001225932,0.000053292213],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016482623,0.00028170945,0.00024679178,0.0011364948,0.0004610566,0.0005910179,0.00045768113,0.00049307384,0.0020820908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00058690854,0.00024629483,0.0001892208,0.00058262114,0.0006033013,0.0006505529,0.00064159126,0.00044598768,0.000263285],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024552416,0.0001803028,0.010341223,0.00011154885,0.000029709801,0.00010948126,0.00021211215,0.0018424257,0.957037,0.0027805183,0.0006821635,0.026428076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000081621925,0.0006136512,0.062400576,0.000026357413,0.000057163023,0.0006245896,0.0004922451,0.084791355,0.845971,0.0019122387,0.002959555,0.000069630674],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013804947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0012132932,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020820908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00048028122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027535603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0069652796},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381619402","doi":"10.11159/ffhmt23.156","title":"The Fluid Dynamics of Rising and Evaporating Droplet in an Immiscible Liquid","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dynamics (music); Mechanics; Fluid dynamics; Materials science; Physics","score_opus":0.02052799245675041,"score_gpt":0.24950023307863295,"score_spread":0.22897224062188254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4381619402","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.94579697,0.00031502664,0.047605615,0.00021621607,0.000042045394,0.00005814645,0.00009550601,0.0000815379,0.005788933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99071056,0.00014068538,0.0059951446,0.00002378941,0.000009520506,0.000016529248,0.000054648706,0.000015079015,0.003034093],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999424,0.000006795807,0.000002913259,0.000012378936,0.00002274736,0.000012716307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998946,0.000044763612,0.00001812082,0.000005655605,0.00002146338,0.000015433081],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016488391,0.00022690032,0.0002936636,0.00029132562,0.00032440462,0.00050926546,0.0004245694,0.0004644569,0.00074754696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005236916,0.00015901696,0.0002499057,0.00015108386,0.00069983624,0.0008521975,0.00040147814,0.00047823892,0.00010412175],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046396535,0.00014665147,0.007167874,0.0002811904,0.000039225815,0.0019538954,0.0010465741,0.27020586,0.62979597,0.0671438,0.00053982047,0.021215178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029470992,0.0001187347,0.0022586165,0.0000071119375,0.0000080925365,0.00020208165,0.00010810784,0.94187564,0.05220028,0.0022123535,0.0009541866,0.000025354055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0024404319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011602632,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0024404319,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004888088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000485525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0048524737},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382240461","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.8.064305","title":"Dynamics, wakes, and regime transitions of a fixed angular particle in an unbounded inertial flow. II. From tetrahedron to sphere","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Reynolds number; Vortex; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Tetrahedron; Wake; Polyhedron; Inertial frame of reference; Vortex shedding; Classical mechanics; Angular momentum; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Geometry; Turbulence; Mathematics; Geology","score_opus":0.013785551449404347,"score_gpt":0.2752960202664545,"score_spread":0.26151046881705015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382240461","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98489076,0.000120493285,0.008741414,0.00014140083,0.000024950235,0.000028751198,0.00013142216,0.00006778052,0.005852868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996021,0.00006972862,0.0029070945,0.000025307338,0.0000055678374,0.000013410052,0.00014321145,0.000019028706,0.0007955907],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999572,0.0000064381707,0.0000022508002,0.0000055731803,0.0000090964795,0.000019428675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99986255,0.000047257905,0.000025336281,0.000013210467,0.000016695645,0.000034930305],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013824168,0.00020622477,0.00021826557,0.0004790917,0.00038140497,0.00049785135,0.00032337822,0.0004538246,0.0015800828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00066361576,0.00013936272,0.00040887328,0.00024054125,0.0008177898,0.00047283506,0.00048214788,0.00045812418,0.00009699712],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024035135,0.00014896908,0.0077481037,0.000053647538,0.000019657646,0.0005505109,0.00016588853,0.9566538,0.011475749,0.015460168,0.0006009054,0.006882312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000019966536,0.00006503699,0.003383352,0.000009145862,0.0000050645813,0.000041933014,0.00008580316,0.99230146,0.0011357706,0.0026644906,0.00027836594,0.000009612436],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0105379475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0057119136,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0105379475,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045352321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005530155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020953238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382240513","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.8.064304","title":"Dynamics, wakes, and regime transitions of a fixed angular particle in an unbounded inertial flow. I. Regular tetrahedron angular position","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Tetrahedron; Physics; Angular momentum; Vortex; Angular velocity; Inertial frame of reference; Flow (mathematics); Vortex shedding; Sphericity; Position (finance); Classical mechanics; Cube (algebra); Angular displacement; Geometry; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Mathematics; Turbulence; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.011233335978351473,"score_gpt":0.2689692991605264,"score_spread":0.25773596318217495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382240513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824456,0.00019536508,0.013001547,0.00006704936,0.000022235761,0.00001728169,0.00003196933,0.000031244403,0.0041875876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971239,0.00008901113,0.0022250803,0.000011702016,0.000008389238,0.000006853121,0.000024557023,0.0000059116483,0.00050448347],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999707,0.000004510167,0.0000015958024,0.0000051202364,0.0000072148605,0.00001083426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999112,0.000017930357,0.000032063694,0.000007594247,0.000008774676,0.00002237713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007503574,0.000145194,0.00016491537,0.00031816572,0.00028836742,0.00033118358,0.00019389804,0.00020297825,0.0005943261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022774778,0.00008674333,0.00021132929,0.00012010279,0.00077522546,0.00027856906,0.00037068772,0.00025779053,0.000088335095],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009462021,0.00057380565,0.02798322,0.00025485718,0.00007906376,0.0039708167,0.0016136629,0.42620805,0.38640574,0.11074647,0.0016541803,0.03956401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000030471087,0.00042199044,0.01780106,0.000024120183,0.000016196938,0.00035288662,0.00034423533,0.9504821,0.016334906,0.012996107,0.001147287,0.00004865817],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012004966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006305961,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012004966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019001849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018385363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023870468},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382286183","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2023.401","title":"Modulation of forced isotropic turbulence by an anchored droplet with near-Kolmogorov diameter and varying volatility","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Lambda; Turbulence kinetic energy; Taylor microscale; Kinetic energy; Turbulence; RADIUS; Reynolds number; Isotropy; Mathematical physics; Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics; Optics","score_opus":0.009179170187019048,"score_gpt":0.2143562990247922,"score_spread":0.20517712883777314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4382286183","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988888,0.000023687295,0.00076047366,0.000010387714,0.0000063202724,0.000004889968,0.000050677,0.000012134546,0.00024261989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989592,0.000032116153,0.0007483309,0.000011079376,0.0000033294627,0.0000069018547,0.00005381014,0.000006960293,0.00017823066],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999223,0.000007453242,0.000005804878,0.000016132832,0.000024432156,0.000023833343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999242,0.000015975014,0.000018238472,0.000009159219,0.000010208993,0.00002216581],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000904129,0.00016244542,0.00016114488,0.00008509409,0.00010133555,0.00031112443,0.00020256566,0.00009811184,0.00046902258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00020811612,0.00007613391,0.00017915314,0.00010065428,0.00017939108,0.0001432264,0.0002536335,0.0003087976,0.00005830194],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017873419,0.00004042659,0.00088084606,0.000014708395,0.0000054750167,0.0000546809,0.00002979943,0.00073519786,0.99670887,0.00023015942,0.00003468511,0.0010864552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000068309426,0.0006723564,0.023280146,0.0000057765474,0.00002335879,0.0000715242,0.000079017846,0.039435677,0.9355529,0.00016418319,0.00061946816,0.000027335615],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012679918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010740443,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012679918,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027486344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00018930217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0025211573},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4383554993","doi":"10.20944/preprints202307.0409.v1","title":"An Analysis of CFD-DEM with Coarse Graining for Turbulent Particle-Laden Jet Flows","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Granularity; Mechanics; Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulence; Stokes number; Reynolds number; Jet (fluid); Physics; CFD-DEM; Scaling; Nozzle; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Statistical physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Geometry; Geology","score_opus":0.1299835835973317,"score_gpt":0.3464047042664069,"score_spread":0.2164211206690752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4383554993","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.795227,0.00050217286,0.18943916,0.00044618308,0.00014311586,0.00019129441,0.0011047014,0.0018948102,0.011051461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94652075,0.00012410789,0.051475435,0.000066912056,0.000015461046,0.000086682674,0.0005918186,0.0002040797,0.0009147804],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970776,0.000059610782,0.000025133017,0.000045190056,0.00011455333,0.000047775524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981602,0.0010930989,0.00012017337,0.00026180374,0.00029575912,0.00006891715],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010957719,0.00079554797,0.00063969847,0.0007396332,0.0006697346,0.00093629665,0.0007192858,0.0010945492,0.0013355414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036172813,0.0004002967,0.00063535926,0.00061847497,0.00064231537,0.00079093553,0.00055323826,0.0007823373,0.00015949817],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000091627895,0.00009365026,0.004076079,0.00008740685,0.000024692074,0.00008529922,0.000066717126,0.978526,0.0072904862,0.0027110907,0.00026042658,0.0066865063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000056959934,0.000011086478,0.0006895933,0.0000051172233,0.0000023388327,0.0000071104173,0.000010137854,0.9965527,0.002008382,0.00038587415,0.00031678617,0.000005191036],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.013278148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007913204,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013278148,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009923015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001031771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.026401758},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384572967","doi":"10.1615/atomizspr.2023048402","title":"A STOKES NUMBER-BASED STOCHASTIC IMPROVEMENT FOR DISPERSION MODEL FOR LARGE EDDY SIMULATION","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atomization and Sprays","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","funders":"","keywords":"Large eddy simulation; Mechanics; Calibration; Direct numerical simulation; Nozzle; Stokes number; Dispersion (optics); Eulerian path; Statistical physics; Particle (ecology); Physics; Turbulence; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Reynolds number; Thermodynamics; Lagrangian; Optics","score_opus":0.01870225947696422,"score_gpt":0.27935641139101813,"score_spread":0.2606541519140539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384572967","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.013684011,0.00009786262,0.9844816,0.00009050235,0.00004164142,0.000044608394,0.000051689083,0.000285321,0.0012228413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.669291,0.00031076555,0.32607338,0.00009798182,0.00010812882,0.00032822756,0.00029242388,0.0002796482,0.0032184105],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99967337,0.00009678128,0.000016840857,0.000040726023,0.00014527676,0.00002706328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994936,0.00018041927,0.00007278164,0.00006628968,0.00014991457,0.00003703462],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00093202794,0.0005273874,0.00056176353,0.0003733953,0.0003811093,0.0004957606,0.0011519277,0.00072636467,0.0007159144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00169902,0.0002741905,0.0006931343,0.000297114,0.0005058026,0.00069051445,0.0008928525,0.0011386274,0.00019741699],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000022251807,0.00003830326,0.0005081401,0.000020160911,0.000014801992,0.000028352944,0.000021370923,0.9699691,0.005668894,0.015885727,0.00032653013,0.00749649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010817441,0.0000023234904,0.000019506886,4.5826562e-7,5.094752e-7,0.0000010286776,2.5017897e-7,0.999423,0.00016972018,0.00027570644,0.00010521486,0.0000011806001],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0052410164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033536623,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0052410164,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00066469656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000921061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010420978},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384926221","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2023.103698","title":"Ultrasound particle lensing: Powder stream control in directed energy deposition using acoustic radiation force fields","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Additive manufacturing","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Deposition (geology); Acoustic streaming; Particle (ecology); Focus (optics); Particle size; Ultrasound; Laser; Acoustics; Optics; Ultrasonic sensor","score_opus":0.009468781952740368,"score_gpt":0.21928244031518176,"score_spread":0.2098136583624414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4384926221","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4771824,0.0018915416,0.5067629,0.00038963705,0.00016978226,0.00010082307,0.00005425221,0.0007194874,0.01272911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9459502,0.00047194725,0.04797776,0.00006817693,0.000048357917,0.00002730563,0.000021693304,0.00006024677,0.0053742905],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998573,0.000019269744,0.0000074112804,0.000032230186,0.0000705793,0.000013198182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997743,0.00010144321,0.000045873327,0.00001690335,0.00004237357,0.000019084406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023642756,0.00025496047,0.00023972939,0.00019709629,0.00022831743,0.00056876725,0.00038833774,0.00032588074,0.0011152916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00054446695,0.00017222881,0.00014207131,0.00021615789,0.00041285614,0.00046653065,0.0004150888,0.00026945758,0.00019868257],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042269635,0.00008405306,0.0005662002,0.00015357243,0.000015927293,0.000066135646,0.00013785614,0.01295085,0.89361644,0.007029812,0.00050272385,0.08445367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059465896,0.0003249483,0.0009006329,0.000009323186,0.000025366186,0.00008513045,0.000029348555,0.2591076,0.73448104,0.0009778575,0.0039745383,0.000024751747],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00082676124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010370199,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011152916,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035836696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027379423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0037310123},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385201600","doi":"10.3390/fluids8070215","title":"An Analysis of CFD-DEM with Coarse Graining for Turbulent Particle-Laden Jet Flows","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Granularity; Turbulence; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanics; Stokes number; Reynolds number; Jet (fluid); Physics; CFD-DEM; Scaling; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Nozzle; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Geometry; Geology","score_opus":0.02071915515899355,"score_gpt":0.2668086602775716,"score_spread":0.24608950511857805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385201600","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8066798,0.0004452557,0.18018496,0.0003974321,0.0001353774,0.00018539261,0.00087403436,0.0016784411,0.009419351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94843537,0.0001096268,0.049916506,0.0000635628,0.000013350937,0.00008168883,0.0004603157,0.00016751664,0.00075211946],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99972767,0.000056323926,0.000024053368,0.000040864095,0.000104193714,0.000046934278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99814963,0.0010979817,0.00011875358,0.000245366,0.00031737765,0.00007097406],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010994194,0.00077100337,0.0006389959,0.00073302817,0.0006801715,0.0008686673,0.0007179176,0.0010605378,0.001227819],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0036214686,0.00040632585,0.0006314778,0.0005825834,0.0006129593,0.00078940997,0.00052544434,0.0007769516,0.00014150374],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008968241,0.00009751259,0.0041774185,0.00007990223,0.000024192404,0.00008240889,0.00006621323,0.97878677,0.0073494036,0.0022794104,0.0002293364,0.0067377468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000052189644,0.000010800082,0.00061805686,0.0000045232623,0.000002167067,0.0000061449223,0.000009414773,0.99703777,0.0017587602,0.000286576,0.00025548588,0.0000051270235],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.014910774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009460991,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014910774,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010023672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010830902,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.029648006},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385343925","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2023.516","title":"Separate and joint clustering characteristics of large-Stokes-number sprays subjected to turbulent co-flows","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Stokes number; Kolmogorov microscales; Turbulence; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Length scale; Probability density function; Range (aeronautics); Number density; Physics; Materials science; Hydraulic diameter; Turbulence kinetic energy; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.016681866654683256,"score_gpt":0.26445022133352786,"score_spread":0.24776835467884462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385343925","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99750465,0.000089444555,0.0021565359,0.000006860159,0.0000034939592,0.000013521762,0.000028624505,0.000020939859,0.00017597759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974201,0.000064330314,0.0020294935,0.000008258288,0.0000031614702,0.000010932821,0.00006689345,0.000017503618,0.00037925292],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998118,0.000012071761,0.000008707485,0.000046539917,0.00008815804,0.00003273256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957377,0.000088602246,0.00011218815,0.000022985916,0.00013259864,0.00006975926],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024005964,0.00024276692,0.0003214828,0.00044953093,0.00018237547,0.00024980775,0.00015934525,0.0001969956,0.0005137033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046184903,0.00013808387,0.0002091675,0.00019927051,0.00036071005,0.00027076298,0.00029538234,0.00025781413,0.00006681871],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006698937,0.00001627196,0.0018471954,0.00001606257,0.0000063720336,0.00003453445,0.000053147167,0.00041116803,0.99594915,0.000054936,0.000012208086,0.0015319244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000010925534,0.00045375546,0.052203454,0.000004957694,0.000028739858,0.00012589115,0.000111236586,0.015122521,0.9315073,0.00009161528,0.00032181112,0.000017839402],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007250468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008579449,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007250468,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025601668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012772155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018575191},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385859615","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-34593-7_47","title":"Flow Field Characteristics of Particle-Laden Swirling Jets","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Vortex; Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Nozzle; Particle tracking velocimetry; Spiral (railway); Physics; Materials science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Engineering","score_opus":0.011943750081778542,"score_gpt":0.204514314730174,"score_spread":0.19257056464839548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4385859615","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98517936,0.0005003734,0.006005333,0.000052934283,0.000036458896,0.000032497363,0.00031730416,0.00023173835,0.007644067],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99556524,0.00016130069,0.0006943466,0.0000135408,0.000012819609,0.00000683837,0.0002974332,0.000031216678,0.0032172378],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999941,0.000006958295,0.000002604036,0.000014995715,0.000020278792,0.000014188859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955887,0.00020006021,0.000045490044,0.000018201927,0.00010981564,0.000067454195],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015788847,0.00019516377,0.00025808465,0.00071619387,0.0002491218,0.00070191146,0.0002458296,0.00035492683,0.003190291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043505913,0.00011408234,0.00015821023,0.0004675742,0.00023715296,0.00047237915,0.00015481487,0.00033757964,0.00039096113],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0031985135,0.0007415538,0.01375863,0.00017502648,0.00003637528,0.0011922424,0.0005179823,0.057496425,0.83566636,0.003584265,0.0029676808,0.08066501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023031452,0.0024180242,0.15602595,0.00005641667,0.00005751864,0.0007532528,0.00067284366,0.48992017,0.34206283,0.0026699263,0.0049739303,0.00015885131],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010834768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00045433172,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003190291,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029875778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014294275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010672569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386067716","doi":"10.11159/iccpe23.103","title":"Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Nonlinear Flows","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nonlinear system; Mechanics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.006733045951369238,"score_gpt":0.1987056339686928,"score_spread":0.1919725880173236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386067716","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.10058167,0.23046093,0.36492524,0.012125447,0.006476629,0.00017888568,0.0005792334,0.0015275918,0.28314433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.794685,0.08256533,0.04527786,0.0012689234,0.010839671,0.00023578564,0.00035872665,0.00038128108,0.06438745],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99977857,0.000054258086,0.0000072035614,0.000050840114,0.00009111754,0.000018062492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976224,0.000109662986,0.000038846974,0.00001590603,0.000039141687,0.000034209537],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034719615,0.00055213756,0.0004769987,0.0010099568,0.00076388975,0.0011106377,0.00048632605,0.0012653947,0.0029661579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011502594,0.00027587896,0.00018002439,0.0006579383,0.002505823,0.0018886664,0.00096264214,0.0012583702,0.0006596036],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000054971726,0.000036499197,0.00060835946,0.000253682,0.000009015131,0.00014651999,0.00026005777,0.023243379,0.004158917,0.9282079,0.010246084,0.03277465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000025035639,0.000044482003,0.0011677437,0.000098679346,0.000009587787,0.0002026378,0.0000667561,0.11291204,0.0010633989,0.8264155,0.05796002,0.0000341232],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021812392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010570377,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029661579,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00085908565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005467393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009922802},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386082879","doi":"10.11159/htff23.126","title":"On the Heat Transfer in Particle-laden Turbulent Flows: the Effect of Collision in an Anisothermal Regime","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Collision; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Particle (ecology); Physics; Materials science; Computer science; Geology","score_opus":0.006866512345964887,"score_gpt":0.20839904902235956,"score_spread":0.20153253667639467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386082879","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98793703,0.00042485874,0.009861639,0.000068875444,0.000015283606,0.000021660882,0.000016077287,0.00002741738,0.0016271209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983145,0.0001359481,0.0012946874,0.000010910447,0.000006172309,0.0000071426734,0.000007144466,0.000010880149,0.00021269034],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998068,0.000052198684,0.000009217394,0.000035679266,0.00004686437,0.000049324946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891853,0.00078726496,0.0001398146,0.00003901009,0.000055540204,0.00005990227],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038238193,0.00047168034,0.0007140811,0.0003888356,0.00073303445,0.00080177636,0.0004583059,0.00050009723,0.00083469565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016374041,0.00023067449,0.0004672316,0.00039377017,0.0012723184,0.0008730107,0.0007725198,0.00043488,0.00009228965],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046483707,0.00019239445,0.007837265,0.0001965226,0.000101101745,0.0008310517,0.000493648,0.9088185,0.06867417,0.0063295565,0.00007922471,0.005981749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004456373,0.00019406306,0.003883979,0.000005363672,0.000033489498,0.00007538975,0.000071294984,0.9817556,0.012890565,0.0008117872,0.00020907355,0.000024717354],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033754283,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013402802,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0033754283,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004086157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055003987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006711602},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386204378","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2023.103755","title":"Unraveling jetting mechanisms in high-velocity impact of copper particles using molecular dynamics simulations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Additive manufacturing","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Ottawa","funders":"Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior","keywords":"Materials science; Molecular dynamics; Particle (ecology); Copper; Gas dynamic cold spray; Amorphous solid; Nanoscopic scale; Composite material; Extrusion; Particle velocity; Substrate (aquarium); Chemical physics; Slip (aerodynamics); Mechanics; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Crystallography; Thermodynamics; Coating","score_opus":0.01554573480543218,"score_gpt":0.265967883108256,"score_spread":0.2504221483028238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4386204378","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9523811,0.0006018997,0.032349315,0.00047675596,0.00014694348,0.00008418032,0.0001448285,0.0002951212,0.013519846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99599093,0.00015683261,0.002908059,0.000034369346,0.000014786556,0.000027901047,0.000045215547,0.00003232716,0.00078942894],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981517,0.000023478002,0.000007241212,0.000019907971,0.00006374981,0.00007042672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995819,0.00020155241,0.000056150806,0.0000436143,0.00006591022,0.000050931183],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003020675,0.0006902033,0.0006897604,0.000671131,0.00096673076,0.0012647164,0.0009981984,0.0013178292,0.0017856439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012534866,0.00054077804,0.0006719659,0.0005568171,0.0010811033,0.0010848235,0.00063374,0.0011348979,0.00017201039],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013048369,0.00016450697,0.0024689992,0.000107602806,0.000044649212,0.00027474092,0.00015051443,0.9668258,0.014054859,0.011107981,0.00039087044,0.004279012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015225913,0.000014211573,0.00048475884,0.000004149319,0.0000036158574,0.0000070233937,0.000018267663,0.99773514,0.0010684408,0.0004742419,0.00016810826,0.0000068363743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015675262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007468306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015675262,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012097959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014657974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031167984},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387532368","doi":"10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.10.017","title":"High speed impact and solid-state deposition of alumina particles: A molecular dynamics study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the European Ceramic Society","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Molecular dynamics; Deposition (geology); Substrate (aquarium); Chemical physics; Nanoparticle; Plasticity; Adhesion; Crystal (programming language); Nanotechnology; Dynamics (music); Nanoscopic scale; Composite material; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Computational chemistry; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.008787228820995582,"score_gpt":0.24847407749919195,"score_spread":0.23968684867819637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387532368","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99790275,0.00015982002,0.00070840213,0.000043137316,0.000008666286,0.000008138521,0.000041991974,0.000012264249,0.0011147583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991111,0.00011875716,0.00030484868,0.000006201671,0.0000035488877,0.0000046169916,0.000056622248,0.000004714776,0.00038948632],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999907,0.000006224531,0.0000028499283,0.000016204005,0.000038283128,0.000029366243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998357,0.000083228224,0.000023971577,0.000014864814,0.000022511525,0.0000196125],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001314889,0.00029495204,0.00035852788,0.00026704554,0.00051117607,0.0005192272,0.0004207264,0.0004196337,0.0024798468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039370672,0.00024027903,0.00036786878,0.00027452142,0.00047394418,0.0005764211,0.0002885993,0.000499914,0.00018606496],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019003045,0.0007993038,0.010539341,0.0003583039,0.00023148977,0.00089624035,0.00086601835,0.09611892,0.8641354,0.009406203,0.00096564624,0.013782929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00028450973,0.0010564515,0.04629185,0.000015733905,0.000074888805,0.0002887631,0.0005023907,0.5760178,0.37126094,0.0013359544,0.002779734,0.00009097576],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003767949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0018990493,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003767949,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00061162235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00042648177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008295953},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387867437","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3474771/v1","title":"Gravitational variation through magnetic fields for particles in fluids","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nautical Research Society","funders":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems; Université de Lyon; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Gravitation; Physics; Classical mechanics; Astrophysics","score_opus":0.10705266551049589,"score_gpt":0.39807147072503496,"score_spread":0.29101880521453904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4387867437","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7945153,0.004812429,0.17132302,0.00068693585,0.0006575054,0.000096265874,0.00021466297,0.00059432676,0.027099555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98005325,0.00074620004,0.011191938,0.00005282449,0.000084268344,0.000018650171,0.00008234477,0.000056029403,0.0077146636],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999465,0.000012281808,0.0000022517079,0.00000993125,0.000023275168,0.000005751237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999237,0.000026345817,0.000021473483,0.0000070306014,0.000013316873,0.000008138345],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000971758,0.00020606261,0.00014918574,0.00026843473,0.00022763187,0.00039022794,0.00013731666,0.0002250933,0.0018765024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00038171507,0.000063213585,0.00013333505,0.00017865059,0.000408553,0.00021627666,0.0002190595,0.00016289337,0.00026018123],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00040887287,0.000114965085,0.0032933778,0.0004689922,0.000043183256,0.00040713986,0.00026659764,0.042214956,0.7924898,0.08132879,0.0032406275,0.07572266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000095633615,0.00053281983,0.019503227,0.000054850243,0.000067101326,0.000979022,0.00016956677,0.5581741,0.3495054,0.025251316,0.045585606,0.00008139744],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004970128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00044116483,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018765024,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00026192347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000149596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0062775016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388470014","doi":"10.11159/jffhmt.2023.018","title":"The Impact of Collisions on Heat Transfer in a Particle-Laden Shearless Turbulent Flow","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Flow Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Particle flow; Flow (mathematics); Environmental science; Particle (ecology); Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Statistical physics; Meteorology; Geology","score_opus":0.015882415054950517,"score_gpt":0.25514107691933896,"score_spread":0.23925866186438843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388470014","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8169528,0.04733312,0.11300795,0.0011248762,0.0018234468,0.0001441495,0.00037568982,0.00049869256,0.018739285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886891,0.0049916455,0.0024542606,0.00008137303,0.0003320002,0.0000220624,0.00010007307,0.0000621113,0.0032673941],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996501,0.000054626576,0.000017682469,0.00009756032,0.00012499189,0.000054993096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99936277,0.00035548466,0.00012009403,0.000042889755,0.000068005436,0.00005077997],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00038007434,0.00076941645,0.0008894666,0.00049539213,0.0009024479,0.0013859391,0.00061368244,0.0010026223,0.0025061355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012902091,0.00049770967,0.0006916549,0.00058753433,0.0015407637,0.0012175065,0.0010831666,0.0009972298,0.0003423303],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010940249,0.00051773305,0.020580875,0.0017955434,0.0005087601,0.0015651437,0.0008627025,0.54585564,0.22031488,0.11592223,0.0034498095,0.08753272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000065067856,0.0003542927,0.013234116,0.000052811938,0.00009121483,0.0003520375,0.00012772466,0.9279355,0.03339313,0.016932286,0.0073404294,0.00012149555],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020564075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004974142,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0025061355,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008048399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00055001443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00838387},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388968604","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2023.11.046","title":"CFD-DEM validation and simulation of gas–liquid–solid three phase high-speed jet flow","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Mitacs; Compute Canada","keywords":"Drag; Mechanics; Volume of fluid method; Jet (fluid); Computational fluid dynamics; Entrainment (biomusicology); Particle (ecology); Stokes number; Flow (mathematics); Multiphase flow; Two-fluid model; Two-phase flow; Materials science; Physics; Reynolds number; Geology; Turbulence","score_opus":0.013882196882523668,"score_gpt":0.24154933718616364,"score_spread":0.22766714030363996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4388968604","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9255901,0.00025101306,0.04026295,0.0005283437,0.0002498054,0.00018142973,0.003272262,0.0022403102,0.027423894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861248,0.00006127286,0.010936798,0.000046616467,0.00001588466,0.000053648524,0.0013467129,0.00008222127,0.00133205],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997385,0.00005685374,0.000017780692,0.00003389447,0.0000900693,0.00006292649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989723,0.00050233415,0.00005720885,0.00012000865,0.00026259536,0.0000856455],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006413932,0.00066235365,0.0007045829,0.0006911235,0.00083460496,0.0009662662,0.0011310321,0.0016621351,0.003612265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018792357,0.00035877305,0.00074846257,0.0008086756,0.000878542,0.0005930866,0.0005729593,0.0010493721,0.0004607464],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001402887,0.000181652,0.0026902182,0.000069561815,0.000018377443,0.00018109329,0.00005999589,0.987205,0.003070549,0.0014687316,0.00088193594,0.0040325574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000037448033,0.000021946958,0.0007349727,0.0000050038248,0.0000026773969,0.000012169126,0.000018890722,0.997341,0.0013354928,0.00015586779,0.00032818515,0.000006368214],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.018934058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010171419,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.018934058,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007894705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015197109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.037647724},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389540961","doi":"10.17118/11143/20979","title":"Spatial large eddy simulation of contrail formation in a near field of anaircraft engine : comparative study of different ambient humidity","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Humidity; Environmental science; Aerospace engineering; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Field (mathematics); Eddy covariance; Remote sensing; Physics; Engineering; Geology; Mathematics","score_opus":0.026405621285401606,"score_gpt":0.29632228211892303,"score_spread":0.26991666083352145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389540961","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946701,0.00008210508,0.0025083458,0.00008372781,0.00001753451,0.000026002259,0.0001721227,0.00007171831,0.0023682928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979352,0.000034508434,0.0012619569,0.000015404219,0.000004583121,0.000014009044,0.00015017083,0.00000929458,0.0005749276],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989986,0.000019996467,0.000008575884,0.000019168418,0.000020298681,0.000032061555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995289,0.0002452172,0.00005510685,0.000026407444,0.000075476455,0.000069022586],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003136057,0.00048236392,0.00046124475,0.00039846482,0.00043211933,0.00075443194,0.00056300015,0.0009953163,0.0009914185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00075603067,0.00020800107,0.00057062536,0.00031846314,0.00056060764,0.00040088806,0.0004055063,0.00049157895,0.00007726707],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022088297,0.00024956858,0.011947974,0.000048093563,0.00003686294,0.00031567024,0.000066141016,0.9783059,0.0057914983,0.00058192527,0.0001980526,0.0022374075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001414687,0.000034527166,0.0028464424,0.0000029162914,0.0000050415956,0.000008275517,0.0000305273,0.99623483,0.00071414234,0.000043551,0.00006083841,0.000004783928],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.032648418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013751398,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.032648418,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00051022874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006386714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06491673},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389541078","doi":"10.17118/11143/20866","title":"Viscous capturing of heated particles in one- and two-way coupledturbulence","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Physics; Computer science; Mechanics; Statistical physics","score_opus":0.021451852261320976,"score_gpt":0.2371332518145153,"score_spread":0.21568139955319432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389541078","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99304056,0.000052824544,0.004987389,0.00004230572,0.00002467699,0.000019169403,0.000016503041,0.000044495624,0.0017721119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988663,0.000012303247,0.0007405778,0.000009064235,0.0000016506884,0.0000046336527,0.000010126853,0.0000037102327,0.00035153213],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988735,0.000016347884,0.0000049698056,0.000022117421,0.00003181114,0.000037301706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997731,0.000063567735,0.000041734762,0.00002430528,0.000038297498,0.000059051046],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002444807,0.00033109708,0.00038134572,0.00039058874,0.0005243194,0.0009475861,0.0005505555,0.00062960107,0.0009810335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00075749063,0.00022357405,0.00035605603,0.00021074095,0.0008743515,0.0006503974,0.00085005397,0.00046068162,0.00009627908],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041679334,0.0005162944,0.011200139,0.00017358185,0.00011490447,0.0008505345,0.0004820734,0.814868,0.14947115,0.011042671,0.00059004175,0.010273758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018612674,0.00007373738,0.001578422,0.0000035984342,0.000007322626,0.000026639846,0.000031608248,0.99015313,0.0075666923,0.00038871192,0.00013892663,0.000012542007],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00528168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002234946,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00528168,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007472585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00044388906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010501862},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389584779","doi":"10.17118/11143/20892","title":"A fast tabulated equation of state for CFD simulation of two-phaseflows","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Equation of state; Computer science; Phase (matter); Mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.03649787509216823,"score_gpt":0.30682543378522265,"score_spread":0.2703275586930544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389584779","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.028135834,0.00029935993,0.94920224,0.00015911947,0.00026094585,0.00017335622,0.0017913075,0.008924036,0.011053806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2887698,0.0006499197,0.6900243,0.0001895502,0.000071745,0.00090679614,0.0044221557,0.0025921105,0.012373494],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999699,0.00006089162,0.000022557464,0.000021805494,0.00017022941,0.000025671106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992792,0.0002758761,0.000045601264,0.000095877,0.0002747487,0.00002872045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006869461,0.00047178494,0.0006026358,0.00035291136,0.0005165814,0.0011778516,0.0014825764,0.0007866795,0.009536266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017689806,0.00039513403,0.00054694596,0.0005025065,0.00030630062,0.00097361655,0.00067610404,0.000891675,0.0020835071],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00021782711,0.00019003512,0.004051398,0.0006740441,0.00010859054,0.0005836877,0.00027867526,0.745226,0.03234497,0.07606407,0.021452667,0.11880786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002562636,0.000023521497,0.00015141783,0.000023811544,0.000005048204,0.00003575764,0.000012098572,0.978685,0.006761206,0.0014079016,0.012853484,0.000015017452],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00253631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027655198,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009536266,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004989583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015776445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.031902015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389978136","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4668978","title":"Air Sheet in a Water Cross-Flow: Analysis of Flow Structure","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Flow (mathematics); Air water; Environmental science; Mechanics; Geology; Physics","score_opus":0.008020363337669239,"score_gpt":0.25142879409707036,"score_spread":0.24340843075940113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4389978136","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95407826,0.00033508046,0.035169255,0.00013192973,0.00004752624,0.000047288788,0.00009501537,0.00011685094,0.009978876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99461865,0.00013019402,0.0021709118,0.000016370665,0.000020574342,0.000008885115,0.000045046363,0.000018884364,0.002970433],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999967,0.0000065031327,0.000001314538,0.000008516261,0.000008539863,0.000008145359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99990654,0.000028270006,0.000015082225,0.0000074143313,0.000022108861,0.000020562216],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013631149,0.00032311596,0.00028058764,0.0007318862,0.00038394035,0.00071215275,0.00038419428,0.00057364727,0.0021167768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004228407,0.00016966989,0.0003130208,0.0003801568,0.0008529112,0.0005661956,0.00037462593,0.00037459523,0.00016967668],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006234535,0.00028272672,0.012827111,0.00016595438,0.00004861604,0.0015168114,0.00031176375,0.79083794,0.115460746,0.046646975,0.0012466531,0.030031262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015715212,0.00007379012,0.005601186,0.0000046333116,0.000009530431,0.00008171787,0.00007401664,0.9874277,0.0036801428,0.0025993672,0.00042295514,0.000009277912],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002819509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014008931,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002819509,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037703646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00037560237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00708127},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390274583","doi":"10.3390/fluids9010008","title":"Study of Insect Impact on an Aerodynamic Body Using a Rotary Wing Simulator","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Airflow; Laminar flow; Airfoil; Wing; Environmental science; Materials science; Aerodynamics; Insect flight; Insect; Marine engineering; Mechanics; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Ecology; Biology","score_opus":0.03476048732370075,"score_gpt":0.31071826116064294,"score_spread":0.2759577738369422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390274583","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98902893,0.00014235334,0.008859857,0.000035026063,0.000029134655,0.00007740952,0.00024890655,0.00009560796,0.001482855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872198,0.00021779325,0.010500523,0.000023643071,0.000005989774,0.000048143258,0.00030718927,0.000021523954,0.0016554006],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999038,0.0000073724573,0.000004839681,0.000018902003,0.000040262636,0.000024764222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999845,0.0000509172,0.000017788965,0.000021220387,0.000033758042,0.00003128254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019539765,0.00033500727,0.0002615781,0.00023157975,0.0002672748,0.00022894744,0.00029061793,0.00038241385,0.0016117723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024961325,0.00010742064,0.0003157215,0.00012276949,0.00023153935,0.0002321304,0.00036486596,0.0004336228,0.00018785812],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017306354,0.00015149616,0.0045921914,0.000111413785,0.000014588339,0.00024817482,0.00019359033,0.00825805,0.97641057,0.00035775162,0.00020695894,0.00928219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009015958,0.005282076,0.076527834,0.00005931991,0.00007720692,0.00042272592,0.0006862857,0.20968498,0.70100754,0.0003880059,0.0057080872,0.00006578237],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00089249015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001197108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016117723,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00014464968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025763526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005391896},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390531944","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2024.104720","title":"Hydrodynamic force interaction of two fixed spheres in a wall-bounded linear shear flow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia; Mitacs; Compute Canada","keywords":"SPHERES; Physics; Reynolds number; Lift (data mining); Drag coefficient; Vorticity; Bounded function; Unit sphere; Drag; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Geometry; Mathematical analysis; Vortex; Mathematics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.013322651153836466,"score_gpt":0.3071954836257351,"score_spread":0.29387283247189866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390531944","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93504435,0.0002439568,0.0414223,0.00045721186,0.00016790828,0.00007432347,0.00009835092,0.00025420287,0.022237493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915004,0.000060347396,0.0023463594,0.000053927703,0.000033927772,0.00001609478,0.000067591616,0.00004614749,0.0058752513],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99966574,0.00005346315,0.000011408392,0.00006144809,0.000102702856,0.000105152125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995864,0.00009201035,0.000055624634,0.00001974894,0.000055965498,0.00019016431],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027804606,0.00069921085,0.00096985494,0.0014469174,0.0013808834,0.0018303642,0.00079991546,0.0015022325,0.0029816166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007386302,0.00036496512,0.0006609884,0.00045317423,0.002132212,0.0011117688,0.00201537,0.0007136287,0.00043185582],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0019955102,0.0010149537,0.006822914,0.00029420265,0.00021061135,0.0055996543,0.0013449208,0.58552176,0.23273864,0.13740782,0.003489464,0.02355953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009536979,0.00023180684,0.0055117165,0.00000982363,0.00003417635,0.00019879008,0.00022848915,0.9743527,0.0116469795,0.0068264497,0.00078204455,0.00008155108],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005807312,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022118904,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005807312,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010272866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009455983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011547029},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390822091","doi":"10.1080/14685248.2023.2293700","title":"Quantifying instantaneous flow reversal of tracer particles in subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows past a circular cylinder","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Turbulence","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transonic; Supersonic speed; Mach number; Wake; Physics; Mechanics; Vortex shedding; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Freestream; Laminar flow; Reynolds number; Turbulence; Classical mechanics; Aerodynamics","score_opus":0.024875745454897253,"score_gpt":0.24446327491893222,"score_spread":0.21958752946403495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4390822091","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99813914,0.000034384928,0.0014408987,0.000003946903,0.0000025095242,0.0000034250431,0.00010067716,0.000043195705,0.00023177036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99843806,0.00003564422,0.0010952656,0.000003041173,0.0000026847142,0.0000036639565,0.0002680718,0.000007848971,0.00014563069],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99995446,0.0000041483727,0.000002868568,0.000010742895,0.000014975423,0.000012797558],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996841,0.0000696647,0.00008848772,0.000025556212,0.000078935176,0.00005332089],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015137543,0.00011700523,0.00012434636,0.00082841655,0.000117596814,0.00023786217,0.00013815485,0.000109849534,0.00047645863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005626825,0.00007328006,0.00009827552,0.0003493445,0.00018092337,0.00026323958,0.00017594695,0.00012922035,0.00007487407],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009721574,0.00011244286,0.38903463,0.0001100368,0.00006755795,0.0004561882,0.0004918614,0.013873637,0.53921676,0.0007645243,0.00039397785,0.054506212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000011513809,0.00045399135,0.8186537,0.000008956434,0.000031449712,0.00020393751,0.0003079331,0.07731102,0.10198482,0.00016302902,0.0008264978,0.0000431002],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0028732903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029917108,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0028732903,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00015281132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014888262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005713165},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391141930","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2023.1049","title":"Viscosity-modulated clustering of heated bidispersed particles in a turbulent gas","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Viscosity; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.01115428117522933,"score_gpt":0.23239508240219833,"score_spread":0.221240801226969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391141930","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99459153,0.00007954804,0.0041177613,0.000055572786,0.00001436284,0.0000101250835,0.000025290597,0.000052904725,0.0010529782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982572,0.000029246941,0.0014409366,0.000009275589,0.0000025137879,0.0000053457693,0.000019396142,0.000008562767,0.00022745036],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999083,0.00001759652,0.000004498198,0.000016459659,0.000020419233,0.000032708416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997354,0.0000960361,0.00006470824,0.000018850687,0.000032890483,0.000052093408],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022121846,0.00032957346,0.00035229517,0.00038705545,0.000585218,0.0007167421,0.00038617253,0.0004316161,0.0004574025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00059292605,0.00023936213,0.00033866693,0.00027728392,0.0009636993,0.00037941636,0.00040034478,0.0003353554,0.00005616316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044256434,0.00023800664,0.007498316,0.000096707365,0.00006134994,0.00061993196,0.00032493667,0.8883479,0.09187077,0.006440576,0.00033183215,0.0037270733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000031313146,0.00006938776,0.0012875935,0.000004101508,0.00000803725,0.00001937599,0.000023615608,0.992392,0.005710823,0.00034567653,0.00009729522,0.000010857064],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0069808476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0029929741,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0069808476,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00075703283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00048380226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013880432},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391179833","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2024.104734","title":"Inertial particle clustering due to turbulence in an air jet","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stokes number; Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds number; Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Physics; Particle number; Computational physics; Thermodynamics; Geology","score_opus":0.014800356536165231,"score_gpt":0.2958634059780194,"score_spread":0.2810630494418542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391179833","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99054784,0.000084543935,0.00810588,0.000043645174,0.00002280744,0.000024992118,0.000035084537,0.000098174496,0.0010369477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973028,0.00005027207,0.0022839687,0.000017230437,0.000008185132,0.000012018383,0.000048187416,0.000010989118,0.00026637124],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998042,0.000020835787,0.0000135272885,0.000028681656,0.00006451023,0.00006833759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99973255,0.00007089204,0.000081944905,0.000027170292,0.000043202526,0.000044161254],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024456604,0.00032639687,0.0002981474,0.000516624,0.0005598603,0.0006590953,0.00022706587,0.00031726944,0.0003980203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005192749,0.00019985752,0.00036814486,0.0003397182,0.0005661457,0.0002581078,0.00040722147,0.00028278367,0.000082651895],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037722243,0.0003445277,0.02814651,0.000077842284,0.00005553288,0.0013715104,0.0002284526,0.48346338,0.46411642,0.0062147994,0.000639888,0.01496396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000084221625,0.000298299,0.026105851,0.000008269804,0.000021727215,0.00013248039,0.000052736974,0.9199748,0.051416487,0.0012918442,0.0005717891,0.00004147299],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041946922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024538098,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0041946922,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006792917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039991416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008340597},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391280895","doi":"10.1061/joeedu.eeeng-7314","title":"Enhancing Sedimentation Using Newly Proposed Virtual Bed Concept","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Sedimentation; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Computer science; Sediment; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology","score_opus":0.00534759524752057,"score_gpt":0.2046753917537314,"score_spread":0.19932779650621082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391280895","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.44405353,0.0038075424,0.5399088,0.00039867344,0.0005862697,0.00028172834,0.00017913636,0.0016635577,0.009120722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8420269,0.0011304497,0.15011929,0.00014920121,0.000054105272,0.00014532401,0.00016649424,0.0000330108,0.006175234],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997296,0.00003813598,0.000020420508,0.00004538691,0.00012271156,0.00004378266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997831,0.000041353174,0.000025975847,0.000027507222,0.0000866672,0.000035479585],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003912926,0.0005138568,0.00048353992,0.00068505964,0.00034511896,0.0007496711,0.0011992245,0.00065240817,0.0010758513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033116466,0.0003014202,0.00040733113,0.00027014696,0.0004562613,0.00081087474,0.00079542666,0.0004837573,0.00043426213],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031304825,0.00018528834,0.0023877288,0.0007514361,0.00004619261,0.0004927039,0.00016098068,0.02138522,0.8685368,0.006863821,0.0010917499,0.09778497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00016958777,0.0023496784,0.0044619325,0.00008013533,0.000108733424,0.0013505786,0.0002212962,0.22501335,0.7361723,0.0019137961,0.028003944,0.00015468808],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0011332019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015532648,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0011992245,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004224773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005353742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0035991073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391301262","doi":"10.2514/6.2024-1292","title":"A Comparative Study of Experimental and Simulation Data for Micrometer Particle Acceleration in a Low-Pressure Supersonic Jet Impingement System","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supersonic speed; Acceleration; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Micrometer; Particle (ecology); Aerospace engineering; Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics; Engineering; Optics; Geology","score_opus":0.07287279026711753,"score_gpt":0.3459280163535951,"score_spread":0.2730552260864776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4391301262","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.993327,0.00012264194,0.0041392553,0.000028204446,0.000009023937,0.000022315127,0.0003923124,0.0003058279,0.0016534572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99721104,0.000074322,0.001821168,0.0000052791956,0.0000026108776,0.00001822159,0.0005754928,0.000024279527,0.0002675999],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99971443,0.000028430997,0.000022781984,0.00004922481,0.00014918373,0.000035883808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983885,0.00082752685,0.00015616907,0.00014943225,0.00043443867,0.00004397622],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00058445823,0.00028488765,0.00033380344,0.00050291163,0.00033300914,0.00039767267,0.00042479733,0.00034702473,0.0017712733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014683448,0.00016075553,0.0002607151,0.0005827153,0.00031167007,0.00034159241,0.00015658903,0.00033522258,0.00024929622],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022555904,0.0009662564,0.045641955,0.0006937422,0.00009144931,0.00054345065,0.00057073164,0.1684402,0.7211423,0.0010884982,0.0013305409,0.057235297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008715394,0.0017386087,0.10404279,0.000024125658,0.000052977157,0.00015511109,0.00018597078,0.45165962,0.43940562,0.00019692734,0.0023841735,0.00006695612],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034531085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003747403,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034531085,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004516554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029786472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006866038},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392246278","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2024.106354","title":"Effect of Lagrangian time scales on the statistical simulations of droplet penetration through turbulent pipe flows","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Large eddy simulation; Dissipation; Penetration (warfare); Random walk; Direct numerical simulation; Physics; Statistical physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.008538624596303558,"score_gpt":0.2703614212693672,"score_spread":0.26182279667306363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392246278","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763352,0.000114540635,0.021383805,0.000077653815,0.000016596863,0.000031231684,0.00010131666,0.00015458083,0.0017848858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953056,0.00006655529,0.0042684646,0.000012028887,0.0000035484084,0.000023638726,0.000043320993,0.000026790938,0.0002501224],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998267,0.000056785277,0.00001286702,0.000021272883,0.000037681042,0.00004471258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99806017,0.0013925618,0.00020085464,0.000078611636,0.0001536752,0.00011406945],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007201645,0.00047533205,0.00049147,0.00044809323,0.0004008141,0.0006201007,0.0006595121,0.0006611254,0.0006240562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002813592,0.0003509928,0.00046906035,0.00037019068,0.0007079691,0.0006205574,0.0005140136,0.0005342491,0.00006883602],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00016922616,0.00008239398,0.0038117159,0.00005139872,0.000023385692,0.00016169508,0.00010157584,0.9780909,0.013335789,0.0016756362,0.000063576415,0.0024327189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008804445,0.000055935085,0.0005244452,0.0000037932036,0.000004228284,0.000007929333,0.000009703815,0.9969817,0.002283214,0.00007804849,0.000036709513,0.00000543227],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046817204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022321725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0046817204,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007159396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00070240867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009308934},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392370712","doi":"10.28924/2291-8639-22-2024-40","title":"Entropy Analysis of Nanofluid flow in a Fluidized Bed Dryer in Presence of Induced Magnetic Field","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Analysis and Applications","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"African Union","keywords":"Nanofluid; Magnetic field; Entropy (arrow of time); Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Mathematics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Physics; Heat transfer","score_opus":0.0064369541667079165,"score_gpt":0.2673203589042666,"score_spread":0.26088340473755867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392370712","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9766442,0.00026302203,0.021309039,0.00009556975,0.000021424376,0.000023103476,0.000061714585,0.000085230065,0.0014966278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969958,0.000079725956,0.0022682308,0.000007645152,0.000004728941,0.000007652148,0.00004490041,0.0000073878573,0.0005839243],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991953,0.000018741399,0.00000446069,0.0000142802255,0.00003088741,0.000012150451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999765,0.00014201122,0.000030661984,0.000006828074,0.000041117455,0.000014476319],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002508955,0.00016186805,0.00031712913,0.00048133187,0.00032506714,0.0003680517,0.00017803417,0.00026831598,0.0005374275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00044659968,0.00008348147,0.00025804824,0.00019327048,0.00043096073,0.0003688981,0.00019775721,0.00022597605,0.00005050928],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012708935,0.0002428809,0.018269356,0.00043509575,0.00005323182,0.0010547291,0.0007211258,0.16741365,0.7709871,0.0060345223,0.0004932044,0.033024207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002575639,0.00037137393,0.0168622,0.000013567771,0.000019221321,0.00012863503,0.00017282306,0.8435602,0.13720478,0.001005567,0.0006017684,0.000034074394],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00085707626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00052138057,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00085707626,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00030780528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017434325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0022332668},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392499133","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.072","title":"Particle separator with vortex claw: an efficient and new technology","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Separator (oil production); Settling; Inflow; Mechanics; Vortex; Turbulence; Particle (ecology); Particle size; Environmental science; Marine engineering; Materials science; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Engineering; Geology; Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.00730269814706704,"score_gpt":0.23136265046066357,"score_spread":0.22405995231359652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392499133","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.15855372,0.0344396,0.79549026,0.0015017872,0.00072399015,0.00029033978,0.00015480477,0.0014237157,0.007421886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5221956,0.016140878,0.44818884,0.0006471692,0.0004427724,0.0002954517,0.0003644669,0.00014708278,0.011577725],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99934596,0.00007419244,0.000048368864,0.00012850248,0.00035198918,0.00005092334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997229,0.000051485364,0.000084767235,0.00002917511,0.000078385885,0.000033303993],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000679873,0.00048499653,0.0007330295,0.0012348432,0.00049346173,0.0009926065,0.0008805383,0.00092166057,0.0007308972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00045762182,0.0003602796,0.00051732326,0.0008185796,0.00064846623,0.0018959687,0.0006648442,0.0007948815,0.0004894644],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00022324419,0.00013108464,0.0018778018,0.0011285684,0.00006247769,0.0002885093,0.00022200281,0.0031167965,0.7397763,0.011007449,0.001697375,0.24046841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00013475821,0.0016117475,0.0020062982,0.00011558118,0.00013786317,0.001096838,0.00011875711,0.061004613,0.8171927,0.0034226603,0.113039225,0.00011897975],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043174817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006598422,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012348432,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005609636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00087909633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004070163},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392679153","doi":"10.1007/s00348-024-03784-2","title":"Experimental investigation of gravitational instabilities at the particle suspension-fluid interface","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada","keywords":"Suspension (topology); Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Gravitation; Interface (matter); Materials science; Classical mechanics; Physics; Bubble","score_opus":0.02184918253048051,"score_gpt":0.28780297197804616,"score_spread":0.26595378944756565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392679153","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.991115,0.00025841253,0.0048417985,0.00013733467,0.000032164666,0.000044282806,0.00014147474,0.00009276398,0.0033368797],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963387,0.00013436179,0.002221305,0.00002663838,0.000020304835,0.00003118354,0.00012504193,0.000021747252,0.0010807008],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996101,0.00006351144,0.000021038923,0.00007427641,0.00012480274,0.00010630203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992335,0.0003139719,0.0001172649,0.0001222354,0.00016137538,0.00005169252],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005439039,0.00048985315,0.00024282899,0.00036696755,0.0010465867,0.0004201014,0.00065044913,0.00071608083,0.0031089727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010456095,0.00021910504,0.00021394363,0.00029619082,0.00094122847,0.00069927884,0.00083754794,0.00070681435,0.00037285197],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002827842,0.00015009691,0.00082109607,0.00004521264,0.000005439253,0.00006591771,0.00011458457,0.0002697139,0.9956611,0.00075361656,0.00013498323,0.0016953415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000098630895,0.00067665236,0.0035021536,0.0000049057317,0.000009696984,0.00011808986,0.00011020862,0.003977451,0.9902176,0.0002787261,0.0009927511,0.000013036952],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00088124466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051349326,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0031089727,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032360858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000296336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010400593},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392930316","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119657","title":"Impact of Laval nozzle structure on the flow characteristics of supersonic gas-solid two-phase flow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Flow (mathematics); Supersonic speed; Choked flow; Materials science; Mechanics; Gas phase; Aerospace engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.008258851748447373,"score_gpt":0.2746815773807941,"score_spread":0.2664227256323467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4392930316","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972867,0.00011356397,0.0013997251,0.000022036469,0.0000061113456,0.0000045565644,0.000035151097,0.00004259514,0.001089668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999713,0.000020131556,0.00012608505,0.000002974013,0.0000011782573,9.0895975e-7,0.00002856121,0.000008749984,0.00009828799],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983346,0.00002889373,0.0000081687285,0.000032561526,0.000047406033,0.000049415816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989668,0.0006417494,0.00012554249,0.0000399351,0.00015058691,0.00007534161],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026656123,0.00017836313,0.00025650192,0.00032311134,0.00030979927,0.0010543308,0.0002499169,0.00039384264,0.0012593127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016731302,0.00014186351,0.00015504549,0.00021177366,0.00041467845,0.0005899849,0.00025398174,0.00028788476,0.0001871869],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002980182,0.00021680444,0.01671222,0.00014558644,0.000027384327,0.0004516652,0.00017724941,0.041625503,0.91500306,0.0018362224,0.0003264574,0.020497624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015401967,0.0015228025,0.05291947,0.000023246042,0.00005915943,0.00021009233,0.00022700502,0.19622028,0.7471055,0.00041608917,0.0010819284,0.000060569055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00093792035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006463822,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012593127,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00047747092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003359519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0042128563},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393865524","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.131188","title":"Experimental investigation of atomization characteristics of sonic blasting nozzle based on De-Laval dynamics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Sonic boom; Mechanics; Fluent; Aerodynamics; Marine engineering; Environmental science; Materials science; Engineering; Computational fluid dynamics; Mechanical engineering; Supersonic speed; Physics","score_opus":0.006508252235344297,"score_gpt":0.20910880551398686,"score_spread":0.20260055327864257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4393865524","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943243,0.00017286287,0.0029806492,0.000038102582,0.000020446332,0.000023361583,0.00014188915,0.00008202763,0.002216408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980405,0.000062886145,0.0010110253,0.000007693029,0.000004467296,0.000009391645,0.000080219565,0.000011830391,0.0007718818],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996743,0.000022577697,0.000009963319,0.000079259895,0.0001610271,0.000052897914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994974,0.00018419068,0.00008039945,0.00006613106,0.00013815322,0.000033693243],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00035314253,0.00026741013,0.00029950638,0.00020955715,0.00047446447,0.0003579284,0.00065633404,0.00063433306,0.0028261181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00069199805,0.0002299097,0.00022920055,0.00025168664,0.00047745544,0.0006124846,0.00034031432,0.00038997937,0.0001781549],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003942101,0.00006138524,0.0022408352,0.00007341305,0.0000075566045,0.000121537814,0.0001780722,0.0006975613,0.9916564,0.00030694963,0.00015245622,0.0041095074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000041099265,0.0006608139,0.02641313,0.000010367922,0.000021437094,0.00016148631,0.00013950867,0.0093829725,0.9617727,0.00007919522,0.0012970007,0.000020470523],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005543877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00047323163,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0028261181,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031688067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019855378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00945431},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394680512","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4789780","title":"Simultaneous Flow and Particle Velocity Measurements in Multiphase Flows with Applications in Hydraulic Engineering: A Review and Synthesis of Current State","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Current (fluid); Particle (ecology); Multiphase flow; Flow (mathematics); State (computer science); Mechanics; Particle velocity; Computer science; Environmental science; Geology; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering; Algorithm; Oceanography","score_opus":0.02166759306003984,"score_gpt":0.28493383285910756,"score_spread":0.2632662397990677,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4394680512","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00025852243,0.996906,0.0019980315,0.00016528183,0.00018902041,0.000010565297,0.00004511492,0.000014415773,0.00041310943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0030883355,0.99223197,0.0033587534,0.00028388755,0.00057760405,0.000029188563,0.00009466885,0.00001007064,0.00032547122],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99800783,0.00028928695,0.00021264266,0.0006973143,0.0006941391,0.00009894254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9933466,0.004401689,0.00069134886,0.00020923061,0.0011947226,0.00015652814],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0041855,0.0021975227,0.004458891,0.0054729693,0.00038905974,0.0024813996,0.0029284954,0.003184487,0.0019454558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0067326315,0.0014249261,0.0015106932,0.0069754985,0.0018971214,0.004663004,0.002017363,0.0023949621,0.0015688571],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00018708117,0.0001340906,0.0011002934,0.04495585,0.00029451374,0.0001401128,0.00011898999,0.0010769676,0.009360168,0.0051493174,0.0070379404,0.93044466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009805611,0.0009021299,0.0077848868,0.015935596,0.0019772889,0.003959317,0.00054850825,0.0044456064,0.031236218,0.014063576,0.9184188,0.0006300955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001221557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013987796,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0054729693,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007273365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021558837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.022135317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395014398","doi":"10.1063/5.0195317","title":"Fully resolved simulation of spherical and non-spherical particles in a turbulent channel flow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Turbulence; Mechanics; Particle-laden flows; Particle (ecology); Classical mechanics; Vortex; Flow (mathematics); Open-channel flow; Flow visualization; Immersed boundary method; Boundary (topology); Reynolds number; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.015499254133032233,"score_gpt":0.2494810743986401,"score_spread":0.23398182026560785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395014398","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95506424,0.00006694494,0.04008978,0.000070402195,0.00002842003,0.000041541574,0.000109336994,0.00019877756,0.0043305485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890294,0.000026205316,0.010029926,0.000017552524,0.0000038028804,0.000028054017,0.000068697,0.000022147371,0.0007742466],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998952,0.000020009802,0.000004947628,0.000011528687,0.000036335776,0.000031831663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99976295,0.00012417877,0.000026588292,0.000016341142,0.00003218282,0.000037822065],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022647885,0.00024441475,0.00037543662,0.00025400257,0.00043336125,0.0005434808,0.00036654115,0.00059466047,0.0007826411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00064790656,0.00017361034,0.0002880789,0.00022726493,0.00058268255,0.0003168088,0.0004309932,0.00028058203,0.000082076964],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001250701,0.00010019988,0.0026857008,0.000028498092,0.000015441867,0.00016298423,0.0001292124,0.977398,0.011444311,0.0042243805,0.00019328775,0.0034928867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016974614,0.000025389834,0.00038003683,0.0000015097154,0.0000015833954,0.0000116176525,0.000012885054,0.99814105,0.0010861118,0.0001770424,0.00014143159,0.000004293169],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00765637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0040628207,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00765637,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00045770252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010875184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015223622},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395481267","doi":"10.1017/9781009343657.009","title":"Background for Optical Experimentation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.03106644928383047,"score_gpt":0.23191362638674892,"score_spread":0.20084717710291844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4395481267","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0020698872,0.037385527,0.2020917,0.005987618,0.0070105037,0.0010241263,0.003267366,0.0055670375,0.7355962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.020137575,0.040852148,0.18744615,0.004719194,0.0024260334,0.0021800594,0.0039542066,0.0023969586,0.7358877],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99840003,0.00014812424,0.00009064753,0.00037799912,0.0008851636,0.00009805617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99877995,0.0003065335,0.000052294672,0.00029087017,0.00048972707,0.00008066457],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001214247,0.0015485185,0.001245342,0.002065314,0.0020713303,0.0031477637,0.0024054365,0.0024773108,0.15815122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028680381,0.0012603501,0.0009788587,0.001935131,0.0015598944,0.004354788,0.0027705834,0.0035452717,0.09340529],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012368569,0.00023373002,0.00040954718,0.0027623656,0.000015573034,0.00048576822,0.0009908014,0.0020394803,0.023998795,0.18550603,0.34177947,0.44165474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000064388446,0.000029852696,0.00017608968,0.00033039477,0.000003021489,0.0002661374,0.00006932518,0.0004132482,0.0014324342,0.013267442,0.98398757,0.000018142146],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001701811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019884394,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.15815122,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0016440003,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0018869459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5290686},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396669773","doi":"10.1115/1.4065475","title":"Effects of Impact Energy and Aspect Ratio on the Motion of Particle Clouds in Stagnant Water","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Motion (physics); Particle (ecology); Energy (signal processing); Environmental science; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Classical mechanics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.004771373693756547,"score_gpt":0.2043100846253999,"score_spread":0.19953871093164335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396669773","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992705,0.00008752073,0.00043518463,0.0000056946124,0.0000034667116,0.000008645419,0.00004311371,0.000014403379,0.00013155933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992957,0.00010297607,0.00041437623,0.000006620147,0.0000017426923,0.000008274165,0.00005044382,0.0000035089026,0.0001163091],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99981076,0.000022878088,0.000013015456,0.000029595069,0.000053802574,0.000070070135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956995,0.00020902575,0.000076885204,0.000016637981,0.000058002355,0.000069513204],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023261894,0.0003436312,0.00045584963,0.00025306034,0.00031277112,0.00041674828,0.0002250223,0.00019303584,0.0007671052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00068875443,0.00014558341,0.00023173016,0.00021641175,0.00034445792,0.00031187278,0.00029226285,0.00025214153,0.00009194329],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006959217,0.0000888403,0.0032951513,0.00007012093,0.000011176781,0.00013020042,0.00006459085,0.0014600124,0.9917264,0.00005151115,0.0000259695,0.0023800612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004419625,0.002847445,0.025143938,0.000008839621,0.000030586445,0.000069374546,0.00017596301,0.011202889,0.96005607,0.000050493352,0.00034085984,0.000029452902],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021370172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016761117,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021370172,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003178968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00035828174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0042491555},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396678117","doi":"10.1063/5.0205854","title":"Interactions of shock waves with polydisperse particle clouds: Effects on mitigation and topological heterogeneity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Labex EMC3","keywords":"Physics; Shock wave; Mach number; Attenuation; Mechanics; Shock (circulatory); Dispersion (optics); Particle (ecology); Moving shock; Supersonic speed; Dispersity; Computational physics; Optics; Materials science","score_opus":0.011364642170106576,"score_gpt":0.25651429811335175,"score_spread":0.24514965594324517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4396678117","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9798432,0.00019589432,0.018528031,0.00003898706,0.000021806321,0.00002543647,0.000022922326,0.000057441266,0.0012662938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99810684,0.00006443259,0.0015990424,0.000008381851,0.0000034751731,0.000004741512,0.000013770134,0.000004624534,0.00019464306],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998417,0.000018737903,0.000006240689,0.000024260584,0.000048990576,0.00006010224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99956566,0.00018057154,0.00012600241,0.00003945627,0.00004437017,0.000044061002],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001689581,0.00038562532,0.00028782577,0.0003269098,0.00035892698,0.0006609692,0.00031986128,0.00031399488,0.00059893564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007044422,0.00014138236,0.00027824388,0.00016973964,0.00041987217,0.00045277915,0.00059829373,0.0002679374,0.000086769796],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046707704,0.0003365091,0.015069223,0.0001660909,0.00009528153,0.0009151254,0.000120053206,0.5585673,0.39646274,0.0044703977,0.00027364053,0.02305655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000035575198,0.000376398,0.0065941545,0.000010984252,0.000042402156,0.0001968801,0.00011918354,0.8412324,0.15005368,0.000684267,0.0006309724,0.000023121955],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014337663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010894632,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014337663,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00029156485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003187669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0028508902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4397008821","doi":"10.1016/j.jnnfm.2024.105261","title":"On the use of sinusoidal vibrations for disaggregating clusters of non-settling inertial particles immersed in yield-stress fluids","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Iran National Science Foundation","keywords":"Settling; Yield (engineering); Inertial frame of reference; Vibration; Mechanics; Stress (linguistics); Classical mechanics; Materials science; Physics; Acoustics; Composite material; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.03200087120808548,"score_gpt":0.2556336471905256,"score_spread":0.22363277598244014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4397008821","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54782903,0.00074552104,0.44597358,0.0003593658,0.00011845051,0.0000864162,0.000049836643,0.0002614969,0.0045762607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94136786,0.00025018654,0.057366043,0.000050850045,0.000021872253,0.000020058516,0.000029336325,0.00004290252,0.0008508325],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998659,0.000041269286,0.000008745115,0.000024632656,0.000043085252,0.000016426031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991788,0.0005686395,0.000035230318,0.00010715145,0.00007727448,0.000032794578],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005873487,0.00015695153,0.00031248294,0.00032596153,0.00030536114,0.00047923008,0.00043322658,0.0005490891,0.0009904362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018891547,0.00015388927,0.00032344635,0.00025691406,0.0006397168,0.00050560234,0.0007172115,0.00030668045,0.00014796595],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012442657,0.00032514735,0.007138338,0.00036926227,0.00009775,0.00046695373,0.0008613883,0.27269146,0.4001676,0.022506878,0.0011062766,0.29302472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015102181,0.00009428346,0.0011667524,0.000005488008,0.0000114170225,0.000042932144,0.00006277752,0.97836256,0.018087327,0.0016113687,0.00052663276,0.000013335345],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015880966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002050559,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015880966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020829996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019030024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033133626},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4398255920","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118231","title":"Air-water-sand three-phase jets in crossflow, Part I: Distributions of bubble size, gas void fraction, and sand concentration","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ocean Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Alberta","keywords":"Bubble; Porosity; Mechanics; Fraction (chemistry); Air bubble; Environmental science; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Physics; Chromatography","score_opus":0.00668531930907949,"score_gpt":0.22842735968795935,"score_spread":0.22174204037887987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4398255920","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966376,0.00012388386,0.0028857132,0.000012734677,0.000003894052,0.0000083840205,0.0000514408,0.000039570896,0.0002367254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983069,0.000065365246,0.0012990847,0.000010749965,0.0000027262568,0.0000065465083,0.00009232052,0.000006124807,0.00021019821],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991405,0.0000071974227,0.0000051116285,0.00003327642,0.000019363999,0.00002099106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997421,0.000097038035,0.000071489834,0.000010827177,0.000044835735,0.000033733646],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019091817,0.00028971443,0.000275118,0.00044293085,0.00019533971,0.0004358509,0.00015956283,0.00029973235,0.0005196297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00039120903,0.00015772552,0.0002254961,0.00026005128,0.00044498313,0.0005034997,0.00038688924,0.00032408282,0.000072013376],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002623766,0.00009194917,0.025276128,0.000044098724,0.00001905043,0.00040715619,0.0002304244,0.004593861,0.96161157,0.00042087946,0.0000868997,0.006955617],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000054081826,0.0007577753,0.18433312,0.00001605479,0.000035661596,0.00029576613,0.00038391765,0.16468878,0.6479554,0.0006856861,0.0007415823,0.000052104704],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003087375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019654816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003087375,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00042488278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00015830786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0061388016},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399215883","doi":"10.1122/8.0000724","title":"Newtonian coalescence in colloidal and noncolloidal suspensions","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Rheology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board","keywords":"Coalescence (physics); Colloid; Non-Newtonian fluid; Rheology; Materials science; Newtonian fluid; Colloidal particle; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Chemical engineering; Physics; Composite material; Astrobiology","score_opus":0.0031021367390154965,"score_gpt":0.21055984739029196,"score_spread":0.20745771065127647,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399215883","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99437696,0.0002535008,0.0046477006,0.000018608229,0.0000032641847,0.0000099600875,0.000011321724,0.000020514568,0.00065803225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99882644,0.000061337625,0.0009131069,0.0000056315107,0.0000016384035,0.000004114192,0.000014571076,0.0000028872266,0.00017021406],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.999864,0.000014981267,0.000009506303,0.000039804392,0.000049950748,0.000021682132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997614,0.00007120021,0.00009654836,0.00001427794,0.000024574874,0.00003199954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019223684,0.00013913926,0.00014245398,0.00044540304,0.00022415142,0.00028465985,0.00022121043,0.00019267837,0.00028772836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00071676465,0.0001161661,0.00011022707,0.00020194991,0.00047171838,0.00046737076,0.00034026615,0.00022037847,0.000047621572],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015252829,0.00009477979,0.0064044558,0.00010244163,0.00001657612,0.0005531023,0.00066718867,0.0058392035,0.96789753,0.0064178426,0.000097772485,0.011756589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000048598373,0.00038810482,0.030721014,0.000015230506,0.000019002853,0.0005797118,0.00033309087,0.20861116,0.7538775,0.003946859,0.001421799,0.00003792238],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00067553605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005794706,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00067553605,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025133867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014133114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018236041},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399259166","doi":"10.1021/jacs.4c03041","title":"Surfactant Partitioning Dynamics in Freshly Generated Aerosol Droplets","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; Basic Energy Sciences; European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Chemistry; Aerosol; Pulmonary surfactant; Diffusion; Chemical physics; Kinetics; Adsorption; Chemical reaction; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry; Materials science","score_opus":0.00782607966338765,"score_gpt":0.2316188254306916,"score_spread":0.22379274576730396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4399259166","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982017,0.00016000487,0.0010515931,0.00001530202,0.0000048072816,0.000011018646,0.00010147973,0.00002120645,0.0004329614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976446,0.0002201657,0.0013169195,0.000021003221,0.0000048310585,0.000021735028,0.0002546459,0.000015178082,0.0005008705],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999362,0.0000039115635,0.00000332105,0.000021832935,0.00002148961,0.000013200836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999212,0.000027221098,0.000016010685,0.0000046672917,0.000017213591,0.000013753759],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000066048866,0.00013535973,0.00012343717,0.00018308128,0.0001341318,0.00030681794,0.00021244673,0.00019550702,0.0005924431],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00021132467,0.00008646551,0.00008720146,0.00012893481,0.00018141256,0.0002877251,0.00014150902,0.00037206372,0.0001589225],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000044419634,0.000019163841,0.0016267826,0.000014016035,0.0000047238723,0.00008774846,0.0000656752,0.0003615586,0.99589974,0.0001669788,0.000033309818,0.0016758688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016818774,0.00018904207,0.016924633,0.0000047502285,0.000007970422,0.0001228917,0.0001049724,0.013815243,0.96783733,0.0001813034,0.0007796569,0.000015356842],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010425845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00064375525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010425845,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00032377677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000120885954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0023491383},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400475693","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4889123","title":"A Polydisperse Gaussian-Moment Model for Dilute Turbulent Multiphase Flows","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada); Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Moment (physics); Turbulence; Second moment of area; Statistical physics; Gaussian; Mechanics; Physics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.012842122261774782,"score_gpt":0.25902863282106275,"score_spread":0.24618651055928797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400475693","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18525119,0.0027797332,0.79098636,0.0023887139,0.00056514115,0.00011352831,0.00058574864,0.00040293986,0.016926594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9572378,0.0012577821,0.022316197,0.00036339485,0.00038829359,0.00011433167,0.00032494395,0.00014921377,0.0178481],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996692,0.0001120076,0.00001684729,0.00006228373,0.00008691838,0.000052842886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999193,0.00033295437,0.0001281056,0.0000732645,0.00015090643,0.00012182456],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009052938,0.0008840047,0.0015242179,0.0009819714,0.0007881942,0.0017898073,0.0020676816,0.0028802084,0.0011272174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024155097,0.00058769534,0.0010445511,0.0008487421,0.001485709,0.0021191612,0.0013392901,0.0012864163,0.0003484818],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009410436,0.000091832524,0.0004900003,0.00008745481,0.00003873843,0.000188935,0.00007704064,0.7641219,0.0032637508,0.22686715,0.001541408,0.0031377368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000076417955,0.000007096669,0.00006246531,0.0000028740699,0.000004246369,0.000010942118,0.0000033545123,0.98182195,0.000093568844,0.017801773,0.00017427196,0.000009903006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0058534225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031012269,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0058534225,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012811073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013136243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011638701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400576950","doi":"10.1080/00295450.2024.2365486","title":"CFD Modeling of Aerosol Transport and Deposition Using a Drift-Flux Model","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nuclear Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Aerosol; Flux (metallurgy); Deposition (geology); Computational fluid dynamics; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Radiation transport; Nuclear engineering; Mechanics; Materials science; Physics; Geology; Engineering","score_opus":0.012557074387179202,"score_gpt":0.22134866231688025,"score_spread":0.20879158792970104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400576950","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.4465975,0.0007434398,0.5204344,0.0005862482,0.00029194483,0.00027893498,0.0023664269,0.0015310227,0.02717014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9130419,0.00069250976,0.075943984,0.00008373725,0.00004190819,0.00020306773,0.000985457,0.0001636754,0.008843834],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985266,0.0000238978,0.0000125105635,0.000033147055,0.000056512894,0.00002129962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997855,0.00007918869,0.000019460547,0.000019742214,0.000081831466,0.0000143440275],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030961502,0.0006815805,0.00069528713,0.0005069226,0.00063659425,0.00069637765,0.00077235233,0.0009974935,0.0014904978],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00058123487,0.00028796276,0.00078119076,0.00043267914,0.00033154752,0.00063979754,0.00045764213,0.00055800023,0.00039629402],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003710117,0.000028977815,0.0015702922,0.00003671428,0.000009890583,0.00009467595,0.000036187565,0.9791989,0.010623087,0.0028865847,0.00041489134,0.0050627254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004400779,0.000009108178,0.0002399531,0.0000022809024,0.000002155692,0.000012310925,0.000004118829,0.9970849,0.0018145747,0.0002543405,0.00056715927,0.0000047168055],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019086353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0063515846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019086353,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011569186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001461073,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.037950516},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400600568","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.07149","title":"Iron Snails: non-equilibrium dynamics and spiral abundance patterns","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; University of Oxford; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; York University; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Yale University; University of Toronto; Carnegie Mellon University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; European Space Agency; Johns Hopkins University; Ohio State University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; University of Colorado Boulder; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","keywords":"Abundance (ecology); Spiral (railway); Dynamics (music); Ecology; Statistical physics; Biology; Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.02536621535822985,"score_gpt":0.1727648307627967,"score_spread":0.14739861540456684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400600568","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937045,0.00006921941,0.0032399248,0.00011518226,0.0000029805512,0.0000023869595,0.00009898416,0.000039775798,0.0027270014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99884903,0.000024353734,0.00060658256,0.000009404535,0.0000022437305,0.0000013352759,0.00006132767,0.000007733768,0.00043790365],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99996066,0.00000893811,0.0000021540354,0.000012182685,0.0000064722426,0.000009599415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996369,0.00007479168,0.00015058908,0.000038615763,0.000038267965,0.00006075704],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015336323,0.00007614494,0.00009463654,0.00038588402,0.00022251521,0.00067409803,0.00018303521,0.00018894207,0.0015147763],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010456443,0.00011488023,0.00012289446,0.00021199792,0.00062729034,0.0004854621,0.0002701879,0.000161738,0.00022271834],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00024075346,0.000047880294,0.8350306,0.000053178745,0.000043856966,0.00055062916,0.0014917208,0.019266345,0.03641541,0.0756096,0.0020429792,0.029206906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022617574,0.000067652385,0.7723819,0.000027134616,0.000019134935,0.0006479241,0.00088822044,0.15292326,0.003989712,0.06461424,0.0043897615,0.0000284306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034087382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028636314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034087382,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004075836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012951555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0067777634},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400985687","doi":"10.1016/j.proci.2024.105600","title":"Astigmatic interferometric particle imaging of reacting Jet A-1 sprays: Joint droplet and cluster characteristics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Cluster (spacecraft); Interferometry; Jet (fluid); Joint (building); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Optics; Physics; Mechanics; Geology; Computer science; Engineering; Structural engineering","score_opus":0.014852205438703855,"score_gpt":0.21901713067246878,"score_spread":0.20416492523376492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4400985687","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99112624,0.0001645745,0.0060875677,0.0000616866,0.000008672412,0.000013994155,0.00007424047,0.00007374525,0.002389311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99515814,0.00008516421,0.0036784012,0.000027166694,0.000008687445,0.000007946643,0.00010602598,0.0000402285,0.0008881452],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999043,0.000011874545,0.0000028500428,0.000017180551,0.000045100936,0.00001873729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998217,0.000052995096,0.000032848933,0.000013374784,0.000056079607,0.00002294273],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020653904,0.00020756322,0.00015022654,0.0007293177,0.00027433483,0.0004708774,0.00025090075,0.00028665093,0.00164174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003965236,0.00016066665,0.00015307411,0.0003963437,0.0003528111,0.00046461239,0.00034782663,0.00036240777,0.00016470165],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002567201,0.000045248496,0.0039307103,0.000025023339,0.000010543697,0.00010521484,0.00015680403,0.0013482727,0.9880063,0.00052802084,0.0002811745,0.0053058974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006007491,0.00030777266,0.10251809,0.000008529824,0.000033745957,0.0005866215,0.0002944193,0.08719616,0.8068968,0.00051007606,0.001544537,0.000043140215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0016925691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017358492,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016925691,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00036502338,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020652366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0054922104},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401155771","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102666","title":"Simultaneous flow and particle measurements for multiphase flows in hydraulic engineering: A review and synthesis of current state","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Current (fluid); Mechanics; Multiphase flow; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); State (computer science); Computer science; Geology; Physics; Thermodynamics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.07716395777817536,"score_gpt":0.3134274286349508,"score_spread":0.23626347085677546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401155771","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00065787067,0.9919934,0.0052084806,0.00035090046,0.0003039349,0.000022052127,0.00006687952,0.000045062807,0.0013514635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0042989245,0.98961496,0.0047438224,0.0002579562,0.00037896432,0.000037398335,0.00011362556,0.000016586297,0.0005378031],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9990257,0.00015747994,0.00013756948,0.00024867913,0.0003794038,0.000051180454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971148,0.0018649502,0.00031991123,0.000084266125,0.0005537537,0.00006237748],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023529083,0.0013576878,0.0018405415,0.0046742694,0.0004900953,0.0019856535,0.0013827236,0.0016054895,0.0030096208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0028331885,0.00086670864,0.0011581563,0.0046021175,0.001028065,0.003527179,0.0011495611,0.0014652307,0.0014700246],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008427442,0.00011913467,0.00090552313,0.060723472,0.0001783819,0.00020101933,0.00024225302,0.0015354782,0.012297082,0.007395881,0.011106304,0.90521115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000018309276,0.00045568874,0.003835994,0.013395685,0.0007555329,0.0018168421,0.00043943687,0.003752487,0.018992396,0.0069763176,0.9492784,0.00028297002],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015313661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016318525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0046742694,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00063185015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017821013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0124435425},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401172862","doi":"10.1115/1.4066089","title":"Stability of Plane Parallel Flow Revisited for Particle–Fluid Suspensions","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Stokes number; Reynolds number; Particle (ecology); Newtonian fluid; Mechanics; Particle-laden flows; Physics; Compressibility; Plane (geometry); Work (physics); Suspension (topology); Inclined plane; Stokes flow; Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Fluid dynamics; Two-phase flow; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Geometry; Turbulence","score_opus":0.019149306200163273,"score_gpt":0.240612483277714,"score_spread":0.22146317707755073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401172862","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.29649287,0.0012929698,0.6851183,0.00095103227,0.00029173348,0.00015298187,0.00012992359,0.00022729003,0.0153428465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9757479,0.0005707226,0.018404486,0.0001267599,0.00012489707,0.00009003139,0.00008203168,0.000033484506,0.0048196334],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999616,0.00010187649,0.000013485447,0.00007011765,0.00014925541,0.00004915542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99957293,0.00011649269,0.000120585864,0.00004171706,0.00010589295,0.00004232074],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007020185,0.0007144841,0.00064748654,0.0011928339,0.00071649323,0.0010813974,0.00088596105,0.0013606981,0.0011253362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014489265,0.0002118389,0.0008982782,0.00031645896,0.0016120143,0.00119606,0.0009511712,0.00086657616,0.00028874792],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013337359,0.00006516129,0.0017859858,0.000099507604,0.00005024194,0.00052691257,0.00023896326,0.5446197,0.046419322,0.39641055,0.00096829934,0.008681849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000040673262,0.000027314096,0.00015748847,0.0000032858147,0.0000025093345,0.00004376259,0.000011656982,0.9832397,0.0014046034,0.014611423,0.0004866191,0.000007615903],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018386022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00034080312,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018386022,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009491538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005888913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006886661},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401915513","doi":"10.1063/5.0222293","title":"Rayleigh–Taylor mixing in porous media at an extreme viscosity contrast","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"RES’EAU-WaterNET","keywords":"Physics; Mixing (physics); Rayleigh–Taylor instability; Porous medium; Viscosity; Contrast (vision); Mechanics; Statistical physics; Porosity; Thermodynamics; Optics; Instability","score_opus":0.023620519787131842,"score_gpt":0.2416409613408293,"score_spread":0.21802044155369746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401915513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865001,0.00016886047,0.012490679,0.00002906005,0.0000054610546,0.000009990556,0.000026844082,0.000070334005,0.0006987141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971865,0.00004631336,0.0026432888,0.0000053632366,0.000003477466,0.000006974204,0.00001462279,0.0000033540841,0.00009014138],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987066,0.000014558375,0.000007284851,0.000028947376,0.0000449973,0.00003353311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995876,0.00017086914,0.00015213121,0.000015992604,0.000037946644,0.000035530415],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017819482,0.00018491519,0.000155608,0.0002699222,0.00023444388,0.0002794823,0.00018654992,0.00017938903,0.00026380917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00066068606,0.00011334737,0.00012406152,0.0001526386,0.00059751305,0.00036011852,0.00032792363,0.00031731874,0.000057455385],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000069538015,0.000017286482,0.0015203079,0.00002629301,0.0000043139125,0.00012748313,0.00006622107,0.0026342783,0.99240255,0.0013411859,0.000024940797,0.0017657537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016881253,0.00019226623,0.008328988,0.000009122982,0.0000111926565,0.00020741666,0.000046830835,0.072359584,0.91712904,0.0011195806,0.0005564623,0.000022748383],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00058980525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003745604,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00058980525,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00024288871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014012345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0017622709},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401941073","doi":"10.1115/gt2024-129243","title":"Calibration and Validation of a Novel Particle Rebound and Deposition Model","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Calibration; Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology); Computer science; Model validation; Environmental science; Geology; Statistics; Data science; Mathematics","score_opus":0.018501050130088348,"score_gpt":0.237905404001519,"score_spread":0.21940435387143065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4401941073","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3166983,0.00030390068,0.6723869,0.00016416695,0.00012975496,0.00041005004,0.0007272942,0.0014469946,0.0077325655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93314546,0.00019810794,0.06271237,0.000037338432,0.000012806609,0.00032010587,0.0004993021,0.000121960475,0.0029525587],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996246,0.000056434845,0.00003260453,0.000094002964,0.00014053486,0.0000517541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99944085,0.00019208273,0.00006276136,0.000078822326,0.0002027976,0.000022604263],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00084937393,0.00078005,0.000776599,0.00059758476,0.00045162588,0.0009290989,0.0016018181,0.0012461827,0.0011035263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011572834,0.00047109398,0.0008263765,0.00036151562,0.0004346883,0.00071006076,0.00073124515,0.00090040296,0.00035999942],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024617619,0.000049977323,0.001038796,0.00004082198,0.000011699866,0.00004060939,0.000023374361,0.9852019,0.0072448975,0.0006219165,0.00015446557,0.0055468385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000058745445,0.000012332148,0.00018636168,0.0000033254641,0.000002369663,0.0000059948557,0.0000032081175,0.99703455,0.002432733,0.00007054353,0.00023896497,0.0000037149462],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012279479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0049945414,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012279479,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010663576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001416609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02441603},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402236923","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-4rh6c","title":"Predicting Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Submicron Proxies for Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Aerosol; Separation (statistics); Liquid liquid; Liquid phase; Phase (matter); Environmental science; Materials science; Chromatography; Meteorology; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Computer science; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.015001678160787532,"score_gpt":0.2831691444867964,"score_spread":0.2681674663260089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402236923","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92831326,0.00042098996,0.068358794,0.00018680897,0.000033821943,0.000047590536,0.0008023666,0.00044298725,0.0013933417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98440707,0.00015327135,0.014663885,0.000019033867,0.000009798506,0.000025324709,0.00040524578,0.000060159175,0.00025624805],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994576,0.000007687916,0.000002893656,0.000021675762,0.000012647219,0.000009339367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978787,0.00011314933,0.000041097228,0.000015083082,0.000026908407,0.000015883063],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029424427,0.0004525958,0.00021248056,0.00034557658,0.0002624577,0.00045276122,0.00030771873,0.00069944415,0.00036159073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00079233863,0.00016250102,0.000291895,0.00019633684,0.00022945025,0.0006540948,0.00017831994,0.000446797,0.00014288566],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009742325,0.00012208233,0.02593199,0.00012138762,0.000032111646,0.00012435528,0.00006562312,0.8559744,0.10096468,0.0025038254,0.0006301499,0.013431965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000056914496,0.000011195884,0.0020922264,0.00000239764,0.0000031290272,0.0000069048374,0.00000715324,0.98451257,0.01275414,0.0004200624,0.00017981898,0.0000047402114],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008703185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0063941805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008703185,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007287689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006945272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017305017},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402308543","doi":"10.11159/jffhmt.2024.028","title":"Mean Heat Flux Modulation by Particle Thermal Feedback in a Thermally Inhomogeneous Flow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Flow Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Heat flux; Thermal; Heat flow; Modulation (music); Flow (mathematics); Flux (metallurgy); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Physics; Heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Acoustics; Geology","score_opus":0.008252039081758642,"score_gpt":0.20831055834416742,"score_spread":0.20005851926240878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402308543","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95458853,0.00015981255,0.041032683,0.0003382256,0.00012989249,0.000028492695,0.00003904393,0.00024222232,0.0034410355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981664,0.0000270749,0.0011668087,0.00002017633,0.000034249162,0.000005827115,0.000007946179,0.000020022164,0.0005515771],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998754,0.000034940185,0.0000047517174,0.00003917883,0.000022606395,0.000023057828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994991,0.00026739304,0.000058970378,0.000026316378,0.000050464576,0.00009766789],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00024603057,0.00041759695,0.00068558246,0.00039663076,0.0006439525,0.0008994606,0.0005355181,0.0008734417,0.0014043233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012792477,0.00040583365,0.00029481683,0.00020008652,0.0015991657,0.00094266847,0.0008442517,0.0006139077,0.000116967065],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0023051067,0.0005300514,0.0035556538,0.00018368014,0.000089248235,0.0015991023,0.00043560605,0.31393826,0.6283179,0.03534216,0.0013247008,0.012378463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007668418,0.00012115154,0.001939572,0.000002445919,0.000012950997,0.000053647993,0.000024092424,0.98456836,0.011221143,0.0018299139,0.0001231255,0.000027031738],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012512052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004282846,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014043233,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005943445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003149591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004697919},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402314313","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2024.113390","title":"A particle-in-Fourier method with semi-discrete energy conservation for non-periodic boundary conditions","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"E-One Moli Energy (Canada)","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Periodic boundary conditions; Energy conservation; Conservation of energy; Fourier analysis; Fourier transform; Mathematical analysis; Boundary (topology); Fourier series; Energy (signal processing); Boundary value problem; Mathematics; Physics; Statistics","score_opus":0.010653023502881531,"score_gpt":0.2826195221820429,"score_spread":0.27196649867916134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402314313","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.008061972,0.00007284365,0.9886285,0.00011734073,0.000081944534,0.00008076301,0.000051693205,0.00026715247,0.002637729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.13951975,0.000118761185,0.8559549,0.0001004678,0.000060203147,0.0003399667,0.00011457415,0.00022948891,0.003561886],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998061,0.000041035317,0.0000093599865,0.000017497883,0.00010866585,0.000017244898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996687,0.000113266804,0.000032279655,0.00008880804,0.000060203238,0.000036766596],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045540926,0.00038833995,0.00066917826,0.00039215205,0.000452519,0.0005966682,0.0020339119,0.0013761242,0.002986568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011861472,0.00029282205,0.00044755728,0.00031436753,0.0007812276,0.0007289811,0.0010461659,0.0013306545,0.0008466315],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00017812492,0.00033255812,0.0014476351,0.00039727817,0.00006327818,0.00059031526,0.00028440607,0.65207833,0.044661514,0.14888208,0.0049351836,0.14614928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000022667717,0.000021183656,0.00005663577,0.000006253158,0.0000029105577,0.00007190484,0.0000060448137,0.9926703,0.001850538,0.0029100918,0.0023732807,0.000008239069],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0018649003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0013808913,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002986568,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00038498326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00075167516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009991109},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402728295","doi":"10.1063/5.0226876","title":"On particle-modified velocity fields of particulate Taylor–Couette flow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Taylor–Couette flow; Mechanics; Particulates; Couette flow; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Flow velocity","score_opus":0.016490683439459374,"score_gpt":0.2479537723914353,"score_spread":0.23146308895197593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402728295","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.244086,0.003069056,0.72045183,0.00060167385,0.00044774645,0.00012875117,0.00010183715,0.0002631272,0.030850012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.96027523,0.0018004626,0.026229119,0.00016652874,0.00026141695,0.00006671961,0.00010680886,0.00006058031,0.011033131],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99986327,0.000036760044,0.0000048181355,0.000024847152,0.000043026714,0.00002731889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99970454,0.000100758065,0.00007687326,0.000022162081,0.000061855935,0.00003383045],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00034537257,0.0007616114,0.0006202201,0.00086667563,0.00053469563,0.0009868555,0.0006981579,0.0012142592,0.0012799351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012968793,0.00029259935,0.00056936115,0.0004987709,0.0016023299,0.0015543906,0.00078771217,0.0008693936,0.00031159996],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009010265,0.000088102344,0.0011254109,0.00021363024,0.000023519684,0.00059167034,0.0002668447,0.49779168,0.025618944,0.46225014,0.001104884,0.010835136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000973183,0.000024486708,0.00016008598,0.000008303754,0.0000035197813,0.000043801232,0.000013157437,0.98430693,0.0010220828,0.013618038,0.0007754967,0.0000143816],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027354588,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010643607,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027354588,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007857857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006749331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0057013035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402796138","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4966567","title":"On Euler-Lagrange Urans Turbulent Models for Predicting the Transient Dispersion of Aerosols Indoors","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Turbulence; Dispersion (optics); Euler's formula; Mechanics; Physics; Applied mathematics; Meteorology; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Optics","score_opus":0.012037889599942946,"score_gpt":0.2312959140163403,"score_spread":0.21925802441639736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402796138","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.43728545,0.0032006165,0.529866,0.0019668224,0.00070540357,0.00018681648,0.00060132664,0.0007201411,0.025467422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.95092505,0.0015885534,0.034089364,0.00025213117,0.00026299784,0.00017180888,0.00042418262,0.00028918343,0.011996739],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999665,0.00015431973,0.000019286168,0.00004498376,0.000072769486,0.00004358051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99886775,0.00070090493,0.000092456205,0.00006531544,0.00020410094,0.00006953112],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001152671,0.0011618093,0.0012450075,0.00090107747,0.0009342494,0.0015258213,0.001480315,0.0018265663,0.0013457516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0039866543,0.00070992234,0.001041371,0.0007678534,0.001466311,0.0016440457,0.0020191234,0.0016260474,0.0004543969],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000021382426,0.00002512373,0.00032863586,0.000012666096,0.0000116750325,0.000022445034,0.000018647452,0.9917705,0.00024751885,0.005582359,0.00018124208,0.0017777554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000012802395,0.000002767367,0.000024452846,0.0000011275513,8.181718e-7,6.5186384e-7,0.0000020028713,0.99927646,0.000029223385,0.0006166784,0.000042623913,0.000001801736],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0399132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.011720964,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0399132,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012335547,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014760625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0793618},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402940244","doi":"10.1007/s10409-024-24143-x","title":"On Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of particulate two-fluid flow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Mechanica Sinica","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Instability; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Particulates; Helmholtz free energy; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.013772765360341685,"score_gpt":0.2532366474417651,"score_spread":0.2394638820814234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402940244","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5547643,0.009339552,0.29576138,0.003671528,0.0021437483,0.00022072277,0.00030870887,0.0005036106,0.13328637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97993714,0.001440539,0.007763892,0.00023380338,0.00052023196,0.000047231766,0.0000880871,0.00008989063,0.0098791],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995603,0.00014888828,0.000020241594,0.00007198971,0.00013731781,0.00006125416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993869,0.00024099545,0.000079330945,0.000049522794,0.00016167469,0.00008149028],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005929727,0.000724183,0.0008221293,0.0016841415,0.0011818801,0.0015829982,0.0009441574,0.0011786838,0.0032499202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002922962,0.0002536207,0.0006274326,0.0007973041,0.0025654216,0.002197156,0.001705194,0.0015666418,0.0004859799],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004104599,0.000094750416,0.0010742719,0.0004299606,0.00005113786,0.0009113237,0.00081911765,0.049131565,0.0270554,0.9015234,0.0030545658,0.015443961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004255653,0.00009167321,0.0015986988,0.000060106828,0.000022433844,0.00043661412,0.00020624712,0.5103143,0.004242643,0.47996062,0.0029224572,0.000101638514],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015034749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004482188,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0032499202,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00076590956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005242989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010872066},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402966765","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110928","title":"Investigating cold plasma jet effectiveness for eggshell surface decontamination","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Food Control","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Rural Health Research Society; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Government of Saskatchewan; Agricultural Development Fund; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Poultry Research Council; Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Human decontamination; Jet (fluid); Environmental science; Eggshell; Plasma; Waste management; Biology; Ecology; Mechanics; Engineering; Physics","score_opus":0.010111834520167192,"score_gpt":0.23164131553098175,"score_spread":0.22152948101081454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4402966765","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99395037,0.002271383,0.0028265999,0.000048930404,0.000029300189,0.000034949477,0.00008504042,0.000026494205,0.00072703627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934702,0.0017849313,0.00363166,0.00004075723,0.000009957916,0.000033840206,0.000114407034,0.00001763739,0.00089659117],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997627,0.00003470608,0.000015797028,0.00005219743,0.000099404104,0.00003510588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997693,0.00009014168,0.000045302957,0.000014544132,0.0000681431,0.000012626139],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00029165688,0.0002861581,0.00021680912,0.00019078734,0.00012922479,0.00034226,0.0002285995,0.00037217812,0.0008353354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042197097,0.00012975339,0.00028380787,0.00014128897,0.00017662115,0.00032333905,0.00019443381,0.00033221763,0.00013564593],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068962494,0.000019495277,0.00035005182,0.000099674224,0.000005365999,0.000020820511,0.000033178745,0.00006976375,0.99707234,0.000014461873,0.00001639497,0.0022295285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000053230356,0.0009182758,0.005130552,0.000007968891,0.000025069283,0.00006915472,0.00008719685,0.0006183799,0.99237144,0.000014409443,0.00074410526,0.000008189406],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004997396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007177052,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008353354,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00013259651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00010553831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0027944446},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403024800","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108120","title":"Comprehensive numerical and experimental analysis the impact of employing vortex generators on evaporative cooling process","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Evaporative cooler; Mechanics; Vortex; Process (computing); Materials science; Vortex generator; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Computer science; Physics; Engineering","score_opus":0.03498732949201011,"score_gpt":0.3589495621959571,"score_spread":0.323962232703947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403024800","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99200374,0.0001923733,0.005860641,0.000033843018,0.000021769905,0.00002057439,0.00008398688,0.000064724365,0.0017183394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99877316,0.000043046213,0.0007961375,0.000002071405,0.0000021364738,0.0000088529205,0.000027974613,0.000004522501,0.00034208986],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989355,0.000020355332,0.000004313753,0.000018179322,0.00004437093,0.00001931075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99972516,0.00013445869,0.000031438063,0.000029926834,0.00006973024,0.000009269902],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002920754,0.00017975716,0.00030800843,0.00018189338,0.0003906804,0.0003401353,0.00031425725,0.00025719567,0.0017520256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005622933,0.00011580058,0.00017979469,0.00021665433,0.00034079904,0.00035313665,0.00018684153,0.00024156652,0.00011763573],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012058489,0.00063212786,0.005170518,0.0004665097,0.000028540058,0.00015807523,0.00019503944,0.105876625,0.84600216,0.0023196002,0.000882738,0.037062164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005546165,0.0013126521,0.00830671,0.000014119763,0.000041943855,0.000040111605,0.000110076515,0.28830576,0.699657,0.00034971218,0.0017798892,0.000026547496],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048079333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063332816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0017520256,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00022465829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023621554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0058611035},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403265385","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-61519-1_10","title":"Effect of Release Height on the Motion of Particle Cloud in Stagnant Water","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Cloud computing; Particle (ecology); Motion (physics); Environmental science; Mechanics; Geology; Physics; Computer science; Classical mechanics; Oceanography; Operating system","score_opus":0.005308297835119374,"score_gpt":0.1911028673410181,"score_spread":0.18579456950589873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403265385","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938606,0.00053202105,0.0016955673,0.00013991212,0.0000718438,0.000011416436,0.00019343905,0.000082502665,0.0034127648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99899095,0.00014307862,0.00023943456,0.00001312855,0.000011729185,0.0000019585773,0.000052311105,0.000023036091,0.000524293],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991107,0.000009263653,0.0000029099606,0.000013542599,0.000016173934,0.00004698499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992249,0.0005365024,0.000053936783,0.000030237186,0.000058002242,0.00009637754],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017607551,0.00020226208,0.00035680732,0.00023099867,0.00040870416,0.00052659726,0.00032618007,0.0003530692,0.0024512387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010492647,0.00014481004,0.00034433068,0.00018633429,0.00044595113,0.0003702332,0.00033860913,0.00042981852,0.00018022912],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.008125401,0.0004787654,0.0112673845,0.0005110653,0.00011019851,0.0033300817,0.00032135262,0.19133957,0.74788105,0.0038977046,0.0025853505,0.030152002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00040258665,0.002524972,0.05913864,0.000046861547,0.00020348799,0.00042337674,0.00049535016,0.5365663,0.397691,0.0009789263,0.0013739914,0.00015451005],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034594773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016837488,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0034594773,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003372022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027919817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008200228},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403320457","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126278","title":"Two-phase flow properties for air sheets injected from rectangular slots in high-velocity crossflow","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Two-phase flow; Phase (matter); Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.012291783008734647,"score_gpt":0.26004659606481956,"score_spread":0.2477548130560849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403320457","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970885,0.00012249713,0.0019079891,0.000021908074,0.000021991156,0.0000076047827,0.00007669251,0.000057686848,0.00069517887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990858,0.000032065836,0.00038065456,0.0000055625596,0.0000041355493,0.0000040160908,0.00008909709,0.000010675894,0.00038801943],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985695,0.000025820036,0.00000816016,0.000036798847,0.00003773832,0.000034554323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992349,0.00038574333,0.00012370666,0.000039450173,0.0001567176,0.000059362126],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003280559,0.0003103974,0.0002770429,0.00041278786,0.0003153972,0.00053311855,0.0002771478,0.00040914462,0.0018470964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007560905,0.0001550591,0.0003167626,0.00029153927,0.0006555773,0.00069131254,0.00023035402,0.000410533,0.00023060037],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00400074,0.00047394074,0.012160209,0.00016596237,0.000031765645,0.00035925407,0.00041043208,0.024534458,0.9432025,0.001522218,0.0004948835,0.012643543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011148459,0.0016796722,0.02869303,0.00002305011,0.00003914171,0.00009840319,0.00026753248,0.15838508,0.80956006,0.00036560034,0.00072759844,0.000049292918],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007953739,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00033432353,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018470964,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027271148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002132329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006179154},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403360510","doi":"10.17223/19988621/88/6","title":"Numerical modeling of polydisperse two-phase flows in an ax-isymmetric de Laval nozzle with account for the Magnus force acting on rotating droplets","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Matematika i mekhanika","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Tomsk State University","keywords":"Magnus effect; Nozzle; Mechanics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Phase (matter); Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.016704231463091763,"score_gpt":0.2676864985741617,"score_spread":0.25098226711106997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403360510","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.72198796,0.0008706589,0.26412842,0.00038309905,0.00012223166,0.00012372133,0.00021571272,0.00027547168,0.011892765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669156,0.00029308262,0.029457893,0.00003286004,0.000019449093,0.00008807745,0.000097562785,0.00001906255,0.0030764209],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998647,0.00003578309,0.000010492984,0.000022716045,0.000035216195,0.00003114616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997043,0.00014011728,0.000058507187,0.000020301273,0.00005161587,0.00002508633],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039162624,0.00042718268,0.0005960808,0.00040615277,0.00057849655,0.00082893024,0.00074150873,0.0011989704,0.0006041762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00070637563,0.00021600007,0.00059323356,0.0003900703,0.00072310126,0.00044596964,0.00042089046,0.00041285125,0.00009862842],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003009787,0.00003393162,0.00081102713,0.00002617231,0.000009335522,0.00010191032,0.000037298243,0.9876274,0.006222433,0.0031994164,0.00005598873,0.0018449563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000034815246,0.000011354016,0.00013431412,0.0000014479947,0.0000016240388,0.000011135897,0.000005363989,0.99904555,0.000512685,0.00016610495,0.000103674756,0.000003148888],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0072486745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0022572384,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0072486745,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00073843176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00091280066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01441294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403605223","doi":"10.1115/1.4066931","title":"Particulate Flow of a Viscous Fluid Driven by a Torsionally Oscillating Disk","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mechanics; Particulates; Flow (mathematics); Viscous liquid; Fluid dynamics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Chemistry","score_opus":0.004730758600632461,"score_gpt":0.2077426415121313,"score_spread":0.20301188291149883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403605223","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.87451077,0.00029274437,0.121614635,0.00014286242,0.00008750645,0.00003133253,0.000057496436,0.00007885911,0.003183862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938019,0.00011313381,0.0045765718,0.000013593086,0.000020162022,0.00001491895,0.0000249997,0.000004923606,0.0014297867],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999398,0.000013026798,0.0000034454433,0.000016274475,0.000019620436,0.00000779529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999925,0.000015983498,0.000026250023,0.000009144512,0.000011336852,0.000012265229],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009621171,0.00042705564,0.00034663742,0.0002536502,0.00022424161,0.00043925026,0.00046060656,0.00050484267,0.00034243087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022194163,0.00009007607,0.0002821653,0.00016019779,0.000607213,0.00043668645,0.00044187886,0.0002516403,0.00008566589],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003257581,0.00021411396,0.005597468,0.00015244362,0.00005862413,0.0017589555,0.00029262027,0.45823497,0.47506756,0.047422092,0.00055459293,0.010320928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021585378,0.00010831376,0.00089318136,0.0000030845247,0.0000064291303,0.00008417364,0.00003262797,0.990139,0.0072800512,0.0010237481,0.00039737517,0.000010454993],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010868789,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036137708,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010868789,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031006493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022762794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002249658},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403629513","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00199","title":"Model-Measurement Comparisons for Surfactant-Containing Aerosol Droplets","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Academy of Finland; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Aerosol; Pulmonary surfactant; Materials science; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Engineering","score_opus":0.0290830777632161,"score_gpt":0.23361974679225833,"score_spread":0.20453666902904222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403629513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9361632,0.0007153217,0.049617663,0.00025978178,0.00009073715,0.00026469416,0.00333405,0.0012722694,0.008282401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900157,0.00022542998,0.007381931,0.00005288478,0.0000073889764,0.00014201617,0.0017185687,0.00009344771,0.00036270442],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99922824,0.0001359165,0.00008338089,0.00022100532,0.00027608284,0.000055370707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988977,0.00046275012,0.000096431184,0.0001840505,0.00033694276,0.000022040158],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0014979552,0.0006766133,0.0004489982,0.00065096543,0.00054879923,0.0009227532,0.0012741418,0.0010238186,0.0015593991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0029464583,0.0002306118,0.0008786664,0.00069186056,0.0002560401,0.0013343106,0.00060589693,0.00061089266,0.0006320239],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011942603,0.0013554597,0.0620504,0.0009001592,0.00036661283,0.00039478033,0.0003249974,0.669594,0.18639223,0.0036590712,0.003074595,0.07069344],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00010113724,0.00064272544,0.025476586,0.000029550458,0.000092098446,0.00011265514,0.00015588007,0.8722843,0.09634084,0.0010331839,0.0036550444,0.00007600887],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012956744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00934193,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012956744,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00136133,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00053777517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.025762618},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403679920","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2024.105018","title":"Exposure of fractal aggregates to accelerating flows at finite Reynolds numbers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Compute Canada; Université de Lorraine","keywords":"Reynolds number; Mechanics; Fractal; Statistical physics; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics; Turbulence; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.014408412002892522,"score_gpt":0.27361862056142566,"score_spread":0.25921020855853316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4403679920","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99620545,0.00013743201,0.0031162754,0.000018977367,0.00001199056,0.000008785156,0.00004492022,0.000049169026,0.00040694993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99845624,0.000059635146,0.0011654936,0.000013652111,0.0000048313286,0.0000071006184,0.000059292117,0.000005517998,0.00022816469],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99991226,0.000007213806,0.000004969541,0.00001949995,0.000028872759,0.000027129085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998216,0.00003483772,0.000056099238,0.00002532551,0.000028461447,0.000033650536],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000107148815,0.00011624732,0.00015475097,0.00021685977,0.00018912302,0.00024984303,0.0001151944,0.00017322623,0.0003930705],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00027550178,0.00009990164,0.000197761,0.00009494577,0.00021658989,0.00013762261,0.00017059749,0.0002961931,0.00004924871],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008545404,0.000024369618,0.0022265643,0.000029918592,0.000010560587,0.00015954277,0.00010412414,0.0046542403,0.98805374,0.0005467606,0.00011967803,0.0039848513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002665681,0.000514802,0.072356075,0.000016403437,0.000030194975,0.0004595899,0.000121619625,0.0756207,0.8461603,0.0013258685,0.0033276426,0.000040234656],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007650207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004625608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007650207,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020080073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00012250531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0015211701},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404124313","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2024.106488","title":"Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of aerosol deposition: Investigating nozzle effects on particle dynamics and deposition","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Deposition (geology); Aerosol; Nozzle; Particle deposition; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Particle dynamics; Mechanics; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Chemistry; Aerospace engineering; Physics; Molecular dynamics; Geology; Engineering; Oceanography","score_opus":0.0108425464137184,"score_gpt":0.2812714228363888,"score_spread":0.2704288764226704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404124313","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955219,0.00017734893,0.002848097,0.000037751957,0.000024866285,0.000021645203,0.000084606705,0.000025717407,0.0012579054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978181,0.000086605076,0.0017233777,0.000007666702,0.0000055378127,0.000011227807,0.000039699426,0.000006388023,0.0003013227],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996593,0.000059281298,0.000031260268,0.0000612434,0.00015133334,0.00003761058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987897,0.00076577044,0.00010901945,0.000121688434,0.00018552139,0.000028300788],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00059836474,0.00026371007,0.00040984908,0.00023228273,0.00045258543,0.00048023267,0.0005425701,0.00069819676,0.0012505632],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0019008116,0.0002638006,0.0003440639,0.0002762938,0.0005209143,0.0004274348,0.00041581134,0.0003839898,0.00013162513],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0010829142,0.00082399097,0.01299377,0.00034102946,0.000055925997,0.0002806179,0.00019665255,0.09778006,0.8740715,0.0015458992,0.00021737207,0.0106102545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015743179,0.0010185414,0.015938725,0.000014195722,0.0000410166,0.0001402284,0.00007831414,0.46170622,0.5198789,0.00028166795,0.00070549303,0.00003919187],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0020566012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011398927,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0020566012,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005229391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003555581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004183531},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404414556","doi":"10.1063/5.0240541","title":"Rotational flow field of a particle-laden fluid on a co-rotating disk","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Fluid dynamics; Field (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.015295369549909505,"score_gpt":0.2780248355073667,"score_spread":0.26272946595745716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404414556","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7839686,0.0018747984,0.19231956,0.0006493441,0.00029314577,0.00008994391,0.00012035767,0.00023043697,0.020453796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782178,0.0004663287,0.014772195,0.00004748403,0.00007183556,0.000022114455,0.00007909806,0.000024014445,0.0062990445],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998572,0.000026179769,0.0000073615893,0.00004582501,0.000040303443,0.000023152134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997389,0.00006644558,0.000058810125,0.000023062265,0.00007308164,0.000039782713],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014922502,0.0006436951,0.00060004037,0.0005495939,0.00056845316,0.0009388072,0.0005015506,0.0009526696,0.0009981223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008543842,0.00020079939,0.00032441202,0.0003003863,0.0012401384,0.0009349519,0.0006843063,0.00045250083,0.00032974945],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009793496,0.00026579166,0.0063957637,0.00042035241,0.00006856544,0.0040242556,0.0010149461,0.37557226,0.36581045,0.20275298,0.0020917242,0.040603425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007271906,0.00019458441,0.0017396319,0.000015690526,0.000016532167,0.0004561525,0.00016017025,0.9699239,0.018590972,0.006118828,0.0026673297,0.000043553053],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0022882007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00063627004,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0022882007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005587478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005618184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0045498013},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404551005","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2024.926","title":"Three-dimensional clustering characteristics of large-Stokes-number dilute sprays interacting with turbulent swirling co-flows","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Stokes number; Kolmogorov microscales; Turbulence; Stokes' law; Physics; Length scale; Cluster (spacecraft); Range (aeronautics); Scale (ratio); Number density; Mechanics; Stokes flow; Reynolds number; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Flow (mathematics); Turbulence kinetic energy","score_opus":0.01110022177820447,"score_gpt":0.25264482824238876,"score_spread":0.2415446064641843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404551005","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99625623,0.00006549546,0.0033168544,0.00000994488,0.0000023874313,0.000013199249,0.000024384262,0.000024455643,0.0002870784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99641895,0.0000657048,0.0032024623,0.000009752466,0.0000025003399,0.000009281743,0.000052266274,0.000009013562,0.00023008019],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989986,0.000007005042,0.0000038748512,0.000019319068,0.00004843728,0.000021531805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997377,0.000062392275,0.0000752728,0.00001136547,0.00006920799,0.000043931454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015460835,0.00020858277,0.0002561153,0.00046096015,0.0002585304,0.00023883276,0.00017363932,0.0002206522,0.0003609854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003005066,0.0001297159,0.0002032327,0.00022170474,0.00027884752,0.0001937696,0.00021103754,0.00023663955,0.000056674708],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000638848,0.00002240686,0.003293451,0.000023112138,0.000009048969,0.00011575823,0.00011084646,0.0020976127,0.9919418,0.0001447751,0.00003397627,0.0021431854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000023629425,0.0003462501,0.11138744,0.000008040995,0.000032379077,0.00039802512,0.00030130695,0.11501815,0.77140695,0.00031245404,0.0007080795,0.00005724949],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014496924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014119719,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014496924,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003352309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017964836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0028825402},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404828331","doi":"10.3390/mi15121432","title":"CFD Analysis of Particle Dynamics in Accelerated Toroidal Systems for Enhanced PIVG Performance","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Micromachines","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Toroid; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Physics; Displacement (psychology); Particle image velocimetry; Particle displacement; Flow (mathematics); Settling; Particle tracking velocimetry; Computational physics; Materials science; Plasma; Turbulence; Nuclear physics; Optics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.011663431848407868,"score_gpt":0.2536928443090629,"score_spread":0.24202941246065504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404828331","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.92816275,0.00026084218,0.06828158,0.0001287932,0.00004210771,0.00004865003,0.00013644705,0.00036247552,0.0025763258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872602,0.00009925107,0.012109979,0.0000075565986,0.000003154833,0.000014638457,0.000057043322,0.000014857541,0.00043338994],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99993896,0.000011108132,0.000002794234,0.00001073511,0.00002276968,0.00001373247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99983776,0.00007959747,0.000017527916,0.000011624379,0.000041893025,0.000011638822],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00017019991,0.00024040895,0.000282747,0.00022888654,0.00029072713,0.0003571335,0.00017272812,0.00023406865,0.00048129493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005944862,0.00012748694,0.00016974255,0.00019455976,0.0003163983,0.00022311258,0.00018427466,0.00019729995,0.000090125905],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031718035,0.000071863426,0.02004603,0.00013906109,0.000022004526,0.00047246195,0.00033860683,0.71376044,0.22653015,0.004126388,0.0007767785,0.03339902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008914841,0.00005010365,0.0032720251,0.000003509796,0.0000042772567,0.000030908202,0.000043565236,0.97518677,0.020398034,0.00017604607,0.00081527967,0.000010660645],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0101309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0054538767,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0101309,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046270434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009003004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020143867},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404860216","doi":"","title":"Brownian rod-like particles suspension in non-homogeneous system: flow-microstructure coupling","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Suspension (topology); Homogeneous; Brownian motion; Coupling (piping); Microstructure; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Composite material; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.0075987175829397265,"score_gpt":0.20573425998436723,"score_spread":0.1981355424014275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4404860216","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9246652,0.001474887,0.06800346,0.0002100885,0.00009910194,0.00007453184,0.00015343602,0.0002671884,0.0050521386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929704,0.00040791018,0.004729288,0.00004146712,0.000039575072,0.000027131904,0.00007876509,0.00002330018,0.0016822541],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99987257,0.00002316161,0.0000061659443,0.00003954653,0.00004230562,0.000016229584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988794,0.000030452828,0.000044172033,0.0000072230887,0.000014719061,0.000015428857],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016481648,0.0003813597,0.00044364433,0.0003264582,0.00027099077,0.0005864182,0.0002907521,0.00044277232,0.0008685283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028477848,0.0001246176,0.00023218551,0.00025667023,0.0005069719,0.00040378224,0.00035499534,0.00018801942,0.00014114044],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00028716362,0.00023548616,0.004746662,0.00042610604,0.000080796126,0.00095372077,0.00015302742,0.2547591,0.7121509,0.01375625,0.0008890003,0.011561806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003089397,0.00022181334,0.006651666,0.00001031548,0.00002877449,0.00016135264,0.000035560228,0.92619497,0.06323011,0.0022264859,0.0011759422,0.00003209212],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012743517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00092599425,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0012743517,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041319418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00021619396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029979348},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405496639","doi":"10.1063/5.0242015","title":"Analysis of thermophoresis and transpiration impacts on electromagnetic convective non-Darcy radiative flow past a rotating cone","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Thermophoresis; Radiative transfer; Mechanics; Convection; Flow (mathematics); Thermal radiation; Atmospheric sciences; Classical mechanics; Heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Optics","score_opus":0.007322740780028861,"score_gpt":0.23150104938159327,"score_spread":0.2241783086015644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405496639","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.73335075,0.00085204653,0.2572417,0.00017161241,0.00005059349,0.00007136759,0.00008938808,0.00015052716,0.008021931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922929,0.0002891133,0.006022332,0.000013407517,0.0000075104567,0.000016249669,0.000024827741,0.000014964073,0.0013188008],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998965,0.000026546566,0.0000042783267,0.000019066872,0.00003278007,0.000020757938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99978346,0.00008781319,0.00005947838,0.000016813807,0.000037022193,0.00001533498],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002956759,0.00044835624,0.0003759755,0.00039102376,0.00027586106,0.00063256844,0.00037102768,0.00038743272,0.0004169845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007649313,0.00013099507,0.00037624675,0.00023318696,0.00051234115,0.00051587017,0.00029796813,0.0002754117,0.00009695311],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009885577,0.00008313083,0.004189136,0.00010907476,0.000018749397,0.0007074431,0.000114681054,0.87530786,0.08349768,0.023771824,0.00022938015,0.011872168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000022047236,0.000027422468,0.00065464596,0.0000021427443,0.0000025475144,0.000041052816,0.00001267339,0.99606884,0.0026331446,0.00040288168,0.00014762962,0.0000047323992],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0026944294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001127617,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026944294,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00033108002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005185187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005357504},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405632470","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2024.105111","title":"Correlations for aerodynamic force coefficients of non-spherical particles in compressible flows","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Aerodynamics; Aerodynamic force; Mechanics; Compressibility; Materials science; Compressible flow; Physics; Classical mechanics","score_opus":0.013307458215658666,"score_gpt":0.2957869274306945,"score_spread":0.28247946921503586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405632470","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.93995726,0.00035132928,0.055267468,0.00008896704,0.00003480479,0.000060230606,0.00015753153,0.00022000956,0.003862402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99471635,0.000075629134,0.0048267217,0.000009478436,0.0000033559952,0.000013866532,0.00008008411,0.000019942381,0.00025454996],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996798,0.000056248875,0.000020806945,0.00003849355,0.0001624695,0.00004223873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99825364,0.001080052,0.00022312027,0.0001259124,0.00026897714,0.000048307473],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00067266077,0.00036376758,0.00034355326,0.0007812049,0.00040405025,0.0005831809,0.00041654074,0.000490721,0.00056993857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004142076,0.00022325112,0.00026419378,0.00041650364,0.00063655054,0.0005435473,0.00028191067,0.00040192102,0.000111115754],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010641524,0.000084959276,0.01961947,0.00009262258,0.000027684699,0.00038489388,0.00015731443,0.9421587,0.018073795,0.0061853146,0.00032591863,0.012782916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007127068,0.000018417824,0.0034239956,0.0000052831097,0.0000024424878,0.000037035883,0.000025531095,0.991268,0.0045779794,0.0004432801,0.00018035834,0.000010597043],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056723687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030167645,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0056723687,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00035379408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00050099305,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011278689},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405923237","doi":"10.1016/j.cherd.2024.12.040","title":"Analysis of cohesive mannitol particle mixing: A comparative study of machine learning methods","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"MacEwan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Mannitol; Particle (ecology); Computer science; Materials science; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics; Geology","score_opus":0.02172980203608886,"score_gpt":0.2936724607547832,"score_spread":0.27194265871869433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4405923237","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.22025222,0.0028052318,0.7728848,0.0003804246,0.000053367017,0.00012935027,0.000171857,0.0008175454,0.0025052128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7263144,0.0014416995,0.27074385,0.00006110081,0.00003731066,0.00011703693,0.00025707702,0.00008004756,0.0009473968],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993998,0.00019893941,0.000054252945,0.000117223244,0.0001934344,0.000036372745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969394,0.0022314924,0.00025109077,0.00014321068,0.0003844113,0.000050275852],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0029678463,0.00074934145,0.00077832554,0.0023023393,0.0003041174,0.0007717321,0.000571056,0.0007723317,0.0007451437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004626722,0.00020730354,0.00071301276,0.0011120596,0.00032122488,0.0010220648,0.00045735427,0.00075161713,0.0001956163],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035827025,0.00030565073,0.017081652,0.00060860184,0.00019829527,0.000103469705,0.0002231291,0.4988556,0.013160988,0.0050389664,0.0005142632,0.4635511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000039595607,0.00005781963,0.0028583568,0.000020875977,0.000013129827,0.00002431157,0.00004042351,0.99184275,0.0038501031,0.00074976095,0.00052478875,0.000013814215],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002305601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002230717,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0029678463,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004785182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00065900857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015695691},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406105193","doi":"10.1093/mnras/staf012","title":"An analytic model of gravitational collapse induced by radiative cooling: instability scale, density profile, and mass infall rate","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Government of Canada; Ministry of Colleges and Universities; California Department of Fish and Game","keywords":"Physics; Gravitational instability; Gravitational collapse; Radiative cooling; Radiative transfer; Astrophysics; Instability; Gravitation; Scale (ratio); Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Optics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.0076494015551216155,"score_gpt":0.2179301188247326,"score_spread":0.21028071726961098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406105193","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.7781843,0.00051983364,0.18838593,0.0011424639,0.00004069878,0.00009196591,0.00032960606,0.00034330608,0.030961895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936419,0.00013434372,0.0030272342,0.000041044284,0.000020990758,0.0000330424,0.00003744081,0.000036176367,0.0030278],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990857,0.000029642315,0.0000027457713,0.00001114066,0.000023330533,0.00002454544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997844,0.0000567904,0.00005125895,0.000017828459,0.000052318417,0.00003736412],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00030649398,0.0005431242,0.0004360371,0.0008037676,0.000552726,0.0006595596,0.0011754743,0.00070797594,0.001636349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0011224914,0.00026018074,0.0005425422,0.0002933717,0.0012725415,0.0007926351,0.00083262793,0.0004925076,0.00022980648],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052499134,0.000043823606,0.0014503461,0.000028476234,0.00001742722,0.0003894321,0.00016986587,0.7908242,0.011188862,0.19345945,0.000639682,0.0017360853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000062373288,0.000007829102,0.00022337213,0.0000017158085,0.0000020566486,0.000020787327,0.000012689274,0.9924414,0.00018104154,0.0069567272,0.00014119995,0.000004960649],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015275036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004022679,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015275036,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0018179328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00076037674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.030372262},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406146683","doi":"10.1063/5.0241372","title":"Evolution of particle cloud after being impacted by a planar shock: Particle-resolved simulation and theoretical model","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Laboratory of Shockwave and Detonation Physics; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Physics; Mechanics; Mach number; Drop (telecommunication); Shock wave; Particle (ecology); Geology","score_opus":0.006683749817970066,"score_gpt":0.2414806922019273,"score_spread":0.23479694238395724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406146683","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.78385794,0.0005539693,0.19078702,0.0004934843,0.00015704172,0.0002022555,0.0008244968,0.00071059633,0.022413082],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837691,0.0002636609,0.012773785,0.00006468915,0.000029633213,0.00012960783,0.00030828876,0.00006352598,0.002597592],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998646,0.000019650193,0.000006049549,0.000018696064,0.00003958028,0.00005135221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997377,0.00009578305,0.000046517212,0.000023254559,0.000046655965,0.000050165985],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00023356972,0.0005869796,0.000822279,0.00070630864,0.0010042082,0.00092563406,0.0014173737,0.0020033286,0.0020300692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006838197,0.00034788117,0.00089404685,0.00072469696,0.00095493405,0.00070547685,0.00077921496,0.0006864056,0.00021341821],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000026425882,0.000041561103,0.001380503,0.000026770935,0.000012313778,0.00022802304,0.00003217789,0.9926616,0.0020072171,0.0025654,0.0001387614,0.0008792656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005802069,0.0000061947753,0.00015632134,0.0000014141702,0.0000020789712,0.000010658365,0.000006484248,0.9993926,0.00018026879,0.00017091744,0.000064129374,0.0000030854048],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019500311,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00470835,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019500311,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010126439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011055176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038773596},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406391617","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)84111-2","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)84111-2","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geostrophic wind; Inertial wave; Dispersion (optics); Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Inertial frame of reference; Geology; Physics; Classical mechanics; Wave propagation; Longitudinal wave; Optics; Mechanical wave","score_opus":0.005146977112800421,"score_gpt":0.16611556990272694,"score_spread":0.1609685927899265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406391617","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00050860556,0.0005170906,0.00093768834,0.00035432342,0.00035367694,0.00011250162,0.00065360137,0.00089824485,0.9956643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006534967,0.00023723426,0.00042210505,0.00018713658,0.00006759055,0.00005317587,0.000322009,0.00015527014,0.99790204],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925476,0.000049470273,0.00006266464,0.00029611058,0.00018846091,0.00014858253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976648,0.00058381725,0.0001663895,0.0002904645,0.0005998097,0.00069480203],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001091295,0.002890778,0.0018974881,0.0030356122,0.0027558214,0.0042738332,0.0035098086,0.0056601823,0.98670423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015941702,0.0010046752,0.0015243602,0.0027591465,0.0022757354,0.00618193,0.0031693066,0.0030595993,0.991568],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042365663,0.00023558161,0.00095596496,0.00080987136,0.000050414812,0.0003227808,0.00015673862,0.000543584,0.002895757,0.008477684,0.3480023,0.6371257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004864344,0.00012508126,0.00053577486,0.00034870952,0.000017167218,0.00043561493,0.00012229157,0.0002553773,0.00041967857,0.0007402096,0.99692494,0.000026532342],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034550796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026394816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01329577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011827187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010912046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018964708},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406398025","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)93453-3","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)93453-3","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plume; Boundary layer; Turbulence; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Atmospheric sciences; Layer (electronics); Environmental science; Physics; Materials science; Meteorology; Nanotechnology","score_opus":0.0048910213284194355,"score_gpt":0.1626925430900209,"score_spread":0.15780152176160148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406398025","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005893049,0.00045125457,0.00085731776,0.00036332812,0.00033872685,0.00011842934,0.00073998224,0.0009198857,0.99562174],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009544004,0.00029074552,0.0004626601,0.00025845412,0.00008146065,0.000060006114,0.00043033645,0.0001862735,0.99727577],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99931157,0.000047108515,0.00006322878,0.00025833197,0.00016681936,0.00015297477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975272,0.000633087,0.0001460776,0.00028963113,0.0006271702,0.0007768907],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011265981,0.002930274,0.0018996394,0.0028086703,0.0028977313,0.004268719,0.0032789349,0.00548469,0.9882565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016667838,0.0011059749,0.0014783224,0.002580331,0.0026631686,0.0056697065,0.0032932672,0.002936691,0.99241924],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047955333,0.0002989271,0.001367913,0.00081006665,0.000061655286,0.00038667262,0.00016513787,0.0006604772,0.0033866214,0.0066772695,0.37390888,0.6117969],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006931505,0.00017699662,0.0009937587,0.0004452288,0.000023728884,0.00056980667,0.00018892581,0.00032097023,0.00062514277,0.0010138449,0.9955369,0.000035217086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041475217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033249,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011743486,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011225898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010309332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016750634},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406439018","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)92080-x","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)92080-x","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Settlement (finance); Boundary layer; Turbulence; Boundary (topology); Larva; Layer (electronics); Mechanics; Geology; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Physics; Biology; Mathematics; Computer science; Ecology; Composite material; Mathematical analysis; World Wide Web","score_opus":0.0048946291932979846,"score_gpt":0.16273213374138212,"score_spread":0.15783750454808415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406439018","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005130674,0.00041608125,0.0007324372,0.00034810623,0.00031198983,0.000104014325,0.0006594686,0.000835816,0.996079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008201125,0.00027590772,0.00041077798,0.00023961632,0.00007866617,0.000056757654,0.0003971228,0.00017833285,0.9975426],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993623,0.000045759803,0.000058589776,0.00023276407,0.00015984845,0.00014069387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99765897,0.0005902908,0.00014255602,0.00028313306,0.000563369,0.00076157745],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010553368,0.0029162131,0.0017998264,0.0027261167,0.0028077343,0.00399021,0.0033263953,0.005435652,0.98815805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016473087,0.0010749559,0.0013524592,0.0024101518,0.0025971073,0.005654847,0.0030033332,0.002843975,0.9919058],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004404249,0.00026595592,0.0012100227,0.00082972954,0.000053091117,0.0003670454,0.0001644022,0.00059964595,0.0030706835,0.007747262,0.40438646,0.58086526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000058164074,0.00014005123,0.0008481143,0.00036587278,0.00001867962,0.00047738382,0.00016604568,0.00024299207,0.00051643624,0.000940489,0.99619776,0.000027977352],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0044673705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036011883,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011841953,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001091412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001033884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016891122},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406452851","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)81065-x","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)81065-x","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Dissipation; Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Shear (geology); Physics; Materials science; Geology; Thermodynamics; Composite material","score_opus":0.005086180934212412,"score_gpt":0.1658183132145824,"score_spread":0.16073213228036998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406452851","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004721021,0.0004865789,0.0009196512,0.00033984936,0.00032729935,0.000099978046,0.00059433794,0.00087152486,0.99588865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00065003644,0.00021783973,0.00039169326,0.00016634616,0.000061386876,0.000048162485,0.00031430606,0.00014676386,0.9980034],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99936885,0.00004440418,0.000053963075,0.00023673594,0.00017142709,0.00012464939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978917,0.00050114945,0.00015904056,0.00027545996,0.00051139935,0.00066124665],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00097058056,0.0025828849,0.0016208406,0.0028169039,0.0023768502,0.0038656823,0.0032737807,0.0051592905,0.9855489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015443432,0.000867544,0.0013183835,0.00249422,0.0020036956,0.005593733,0.0029239168,0.0026540642,0.9903742],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003459077,0.00020361801,0.00087529887,0.00072740886,0.000043136097,0.00028773074,0.00014476788,0.0004924439,0.0025880511,0.008875135,0.34157327,0.64384323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000038582697,0.00010093519,0.00049621385,0.0002903809,0.000014290502,0.00037150312,0.000106230254,0.00022756771,0.00038806399,0.0007821328,0.9971629,0.000021216933],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0033100494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024896825,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0144510865,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010221252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001062282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020612717},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406476391","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(97)81952-7","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(97)81952-7","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ridge; Plume; Geology; Panache; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Geography; Meteorology","score_opus":0.005829000813710765,"score_gpt":0.16628772506504028,"score_spread":0.1604587242513295,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406476391","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.000503755,0.0005618737,0.00091919344,0.00035016882,0.00036695154,0.000108645945,0.00067758164,0.00087911746,0.9956327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006950102,0.00024580004,0.0003873309,0.00017810408,0.0000655931,0.00005580102,0.00038389192,0.00016229789,0.99782616],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99923515,0.000052120602,0.000066831184,0.00028626664,0.00020191453,0.00015768551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997675,0.000568776,0.0001741631,0.00029187754,0.0006146024,0.0006755548],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010882325,0.002803692,0.0019137182,0.0029691346,0.0024658872,0.0043559475,0.00353308,0.0054913787,0.9860093],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015708356,0.00095531176,0.0014605445,0.0028502673,0.0021324574,0.005767286,0.0031356257,0.0027939118,0.99135137],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003977829,0.00020248017,0.00085241324,0.0007561378,0.000050356954,0.00029790588,0.00013520994,0.0005346841,0.0026898286,0.008045124,0.33368653,0.65235156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000047792273,0.00012088361,0.0005235354,0.0003533975,0.000016756565,0.00039972953,0.000110565605,0.0002503761,0.0004231676,0.00078354654,0.99694437,0.00002593472],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003292981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002588596,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0139907,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012048486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011481625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019956052},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406480181","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(95)99104-y","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(95)99104-y","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Entrainment (biomusicology); Boundary layer; Turbulence; Mechanics; Deposition (geology); Layer (electronics); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Geology; Physics; Composite material; Geomorphology; Acoustics; Oceanography","score_opus":0.004916270687248986,"score_gpt":0.1623580491766312,"score_spread":0.1574417784893822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406480181","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00057988794,0.0005160164,0.00085455197,0.00036382748,0.0003448362,0.00012791737,0.00075382245,0.0009364175,0.99552274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00082497904,0.0003032712,0.00046505328,0.0002584864,0.00007396824,0.00007090137,0.00042940804,0.00018974135,0.99738413],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925596,0.000055926936,0.0000709892,0.00028892784,0.00016438609,0.00016377128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976926,0.00063639536,0.00014388846,0.00028711997,0.00053819956,0.00070184615],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011539892,0.0032331052,0.0021300633,0.0030954885,0.0032798047,0.0043888763,0.0038911614,0.006456218,0.98848814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016885181,0.0011813247,0.0016637509,0.002686135,0.0027962148,0.0064499145,0.0035215006,0.0031194168,0.99255496],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005098623,0.0003106424,0.0012837352,0.0009432886,0.000059519272,0.00037904893,0.00017811282,0.00064733106,0.0031737546,0.0074904324,0.38941005,0.5956142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000073939234,0.00018029465,0.00084125093,0.00047485554,0.000022873284,0.00052786816,0.00019976488,0.00030614214,0.00055870926,0.001004493,0.9957749,0.000034864126],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004754345,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036115355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011511862,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012205824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010749266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016420305},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406480697","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(93)95240-7","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(93)95240-7","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Distribution (mathematics); K-epsilon turbulence model; Statistical physics; Mechanics; Physics; Environmental science; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.004364496594885051,"score_gpt":0.15709190294191497,"score_spread":0.15272740634702991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406480697","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00057551713,0.0004759677,0.0008846896,0.00035148798,0.00034348725,0.00012074924,0.0007115016,0.00097020535,0.99556655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00089231075,0.0002955529,0.0004314643,0.0002559715,0.00007997409,0.00006198955,0.00041820944,0.00019449956,0.99737],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992717,0.00005190524,0.00006623806,0.00028152828,0.00016583213,0.00016282871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976655,0.0006265272,0.00014189302,0.00027166985,0.00056246226,0.00073196215],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011974775,0.0032122643,0.0020571013,0.0030324012,0.003033637,0.004369338,0.003564033,0.0061038565,0.9886121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015915699,0.0011894158,0.0015417138,0.0026807294,0.0027715217,0.00584409,0.0035152996,0.002945167,0.9924787],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047754805,0.00031008184,0.0013124063,0.0008475165,0.000060802246,0.0004277948,0.00016546689,0.000721009,0.0036264115,0.007006286,0.38333845,0.6017062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007316107,0.00019543679,0.00089814665,0.00046303892,0.000023674174,0.00057692354,0.0002083547,0.0003464015,0.0006489864,0.001064638,0.9954672,0.000033921006],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0041102804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033004344,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011387885,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001169082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010177996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016243458},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406491633","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)91092-8","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)91092-8","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Settling; Turbulence; Homogeneous; Gravitation; Mechanics; Physics; Classical mechanics; Environmental science; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.004906109218593187,"score_gpt":0.16288669074874684,"score_spread":0.15798058153015365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406491633","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005425909,0.00047716458,0.0007960646,0.00037001612,0.00035677123,0.00011961239,0.0007257485,0.0008963874,0.99571556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000854991,0.00030559144,0.00044151727,0.00027282134,0.000087347995,0.0000664771,0.0004586806,0.00019042256,0.99732214],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99925894,0.000051333147,0.00007239673,0.0002748503,0.00017662515,0.00016574874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99745864,0.00065094396,0.00014563679,0.0002993253,0.00065657706,0.0007888906],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011865513,0.003158708,0.0020360267,0.0029047679,0.0029924735,0.004374307,0.0036055862,0.0060524484,0.9886009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017059832,0.0012043437,0.0015780855,0.0026473538,0.0027526647,0.006109242,0.003435615,0.003170991,0.992802],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00049361173,0.00029118397,0.0013035674,0.0009003284,0.00006432544,0.00037925394,0.00015652942,0.00064460386,0.0031960367,0.0068726568,0.39915502,0.58654284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007381085,0.00016992378,0.000914584,0.000476141,0.000022687811,0.0005496156,0.00018279166,0.00029388265,0.000572661,0.0009384141,0.9957709,0.00003454108],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0042693513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034224489,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01139909,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012127149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010408459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016259432},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406498254","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)85702-4","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)85702-4","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Reynolds number; Mechanics; Flow (mathematics); Motion (physics); Physics; Geology; Classical mechanics; Turbulence","score_opus":0.00485417212328905,"score_gpt":0.16150067996836015,"score_spread":0.1566465078450711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406498254","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005431552,0.00049812073,0.000823794,0.00031366013,0.0003339522,0.00010720691,0.00070729473,0.000853424,0.99581945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008440938,0.00030024277,0.0004269669,0.00022858677,0.00007964226,0.00005479828,0.0004337413,0.00016933604,0.9974625],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99933416,0.000046476358,0.000064413514,0.00025001404,0.00016197203,0.00014287738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99761766,0.00062008406,0.00014555379,0.00029036548,0.0006004446,0.00072580046],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011156874,0.0030637416,0.0018338183,0.002744295,0.0027611258,0.004297243,0.0033733584,0.005355612,0.986932],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014949733,0.0011137389,0.0015129289,0.0025897387,0.0025237699,0.0058396785,0.0031656479,0.0030369253,0.99225885],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00047631815,0.00026409002,0.0012071675,0.0009104026,0.000060753737,0.0003554472,0.00015636299,0.0006438718,0.003571237,0.007051715,0.36361766,0.6216851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000064995365,0.00016601423,0.00082966115,0.00044022276,0.000021752376,0.0005113176,0.00017882585,0.00030320595,0.0006396974,0.00096880924,0.9958419,0.00003362067],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00382436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0031704078,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01306802,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010865781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009703754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018639922},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406512514","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)82609-4","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)82609-4","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Distribution (mathematics); Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Liquid flow; Mechanics; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis","score_opus":0.005065682242119151,"score_gpt":0.16555861674822486,"score_spread":0.16049293450610572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406512514","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00049485633,0.00052124885,0.00095947465,0.00034549207,0.00033815403,0.0001082014,0.0006957922,0.0009480026,0.9955888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006719684,0.00023032857,0.0004171959,0.00017910759,0.000066423374,0.00005375709,0.000356942,0.00016235387,0.9978619],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.999315,0.00004428558,0.0000578939,0.00026753356,0.00018067009,0.00013451201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99773836,0.0005492686,0.00017366778,0.0002875823,0.00058177544,0.0006694573],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010647785,0.0027166295,0.0018451008,0.0030325064,0.0025464746,0.0042483434,0.0035920592,0.005456091,0.9864119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001589424,0.00096467027,0.0014671409,0.002798979,0.002142724,0.005874254,0.0031709988,0.0028992265,0.9918338],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037609067,0.0002118264,0.0008689583,0.0007586633,0.000050645245,0.00029746338,0.0001408997,0.0005200327,0.0028230941,0.008034895,0.34550968,0.6404078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000047659294,0.00011770954,0.0005111619,0.00034035562,0.000016448934,0.0004046596,0.000110503766,0.00025864123,0.0004323568,0.000786179,0.99694854,0.000025799443],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003278706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0024602285,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013588071,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011102178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010787509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019381642},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406512863","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)82680-x","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)82680-x","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Planar; Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Particle (ecology); Physics; Geology; Computer science; Oceanography; Computer graphics (images)","score_opus":0.0050750520972296575,"score_gpt":0.16565128231941403,"score_spread":0.16057623022218437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406512863","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00048278406,0.0004922667,0.0009103083,0.0003269091,0.00031334796,0.0000997451,0.0005854347,0.0008674343,0.99592185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000629902,0.00021958834,0.00039744267,0.00016971224,0.00006155868,0.00004818097,0.0002977276,0.00014836936,0.9980276],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99937624,0.000042575877,0.00005255755,0.00023840317,0.00016680246,0.0001234293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978946,0.0005152027,0.00016497873,0.0002666305,0.00048813332,0.0006705219],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096907397,0.0026843166,0.0016621264,0.0028848834,0.0024394593,0.0038554203,0.0033640696,0.0051856083,0.9855338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015133115,0.00090588705,0.0013254875,0.0025202923,0.0020350658,0.0056924266,0.0029395043,0.0026786039,0.9903176],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035407234,0.00021454551,0.00085210876,0.0007438795,0.000043011685,0.00030659567,0.00014900073,0.0005032148,0.0026806952,0.008638437,0.3319584,0.6535561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004105734,0.0001090071,0.00052031566,0.00030307603,0.000014924669,0.00038879507,0.000113849535,0.0002347878,0.00040179756,0.0007977846,0.9970522,0.000022358243],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003377017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026539455,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014466226,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010232237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001051109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020634294},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406513329","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)82681-1","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)82681-1","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internal wave; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Physics; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.005063421341167429,"score_gpt":0.16559881203859136,"score_spread":0.16053539069742392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406513329","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00046114722,0.0004618164,0.00085119484,0.00033666517,0.00031764692,0.000100479214,0.0005885886,0.0008198576,0.9960626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006142506,0.00021246636,0.0003837719,0.00017209677,0.00006192542,0.000049314687,0.0003079568,0.00014350907,0.99805474],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993414,0.00004364487,0.00005426944,0.0002544726,0.00017690171,0.00012921427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99782264,0.0005274568,0.00015854965,0.0002642266,0.0005683426,0.0006588424],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009773565,0.0025390463,0.0017099655,0.0028109136,0.002462407,0.0039964137,0.0032572667,0.005239682,0.9856976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016010755,0.00086797064,0.0013273313,0.0024637158,0.0018970545,0.0055080676,0.0029232705,0.0026687535,0.99061793],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00034132533,0.00020168285,0.0008086139,0.0006681771,0.00004047857,0.00028140604,0.00013316,0.00048092444,0.0024884767,0.0075733415,0.34041157,0.6465708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004017154,0.00010961858,0.00050060323,0.00030564322,0.000014276854,0.00036341525,0.00010592101,0.00023308345,0.00035864481,0.0007235506,0.9972229,0.0000221456],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003318675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026354552,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.014302373,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010588957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010828283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.020400524},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406516309","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(97)83376-5","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(97)83376-5","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Turbulence; Shear (geology); Geology; Materials science; Mechanics; Meteorology; Composite material; Physics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.005818455305135352,"score_gpt":0.16620498355300775,"score_spread":0.1603865282478724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406516309","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00048537183,0.00051588245,0.0009543416,0.00032008963,0.0003308386,0.00011246217,0.00070450123,0.00095194235,0.9956246],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00068602205,0.00023417066,0.00041293612,0.0001718254,0.000065296925,0.00005585584,0.0003855038,0.00017418509,0.9978143],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992235,0.000051441097,0.000064687454,0.00029692502,0.00020783242,0.00015565363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99749064,0.0006167475,0.00018453047,0.00031730608,0.0006602451,0.000730573],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011164417,0.0028938912,0.0019458169,0.0032114964,0.0025256022,0.004369658,0.0037249897,0.005531738,0.9871377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016276591,0.0009863611,0.0015402334,0.0030455783,0.002127284,0.005735215,0.003370634,0.002858742,0.99205387],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038514985,0.00021153092,0.0008657248,0.00073807966,0.00005111594,0.0002924432,0.00013406722,0.0005393051,0.0027501988,0.0074827517,0.3334708,0.65307885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000050431237,0.00012589265,0.00054931385,0.0003583647,0.000017987797,0.00040032857,0.000110761444,0.0002658352,0.00046711898,0.00076962286,0.9968566,0.000027713426],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034488596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0026659009,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012862325,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0012083269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011601322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018346488},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406526957","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)89913-3","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)89913-3","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Eulerian path; Mechanics; Lagrangian; Spray drying; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Engineering","score_opus":0.004871683248746029,"score_gpt":0.1617032281321807,"score_spread":0.15683154488343465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406526957","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005692088,0.0005109086,0.00084290723,0.0003493282,0.00034761787,0.00012073663,0.000738671,0.00088528666,0.99563533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008592058,0.00030655036,0.00043549156,0.00024674312,0.000080099715,0.00006055489,0.00043875378,0.00017977942,0.9973928],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992797,0.000050520135,0.00007058246,0.00027585283,0.00016803163,0.00015522478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975811,0.0006375546,0.00015087765,0.00029397276,0.00061025785,0.00072612456],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011670891,0.0031733871,0.0020127639,0.0028623138,0.0028809411,0.0044624787,0.0035289726,0.005585736,0.9871336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016080597,0.0011419343,0.0015597749,0.002706775,0.0027018033,0.006133291,0.003326996,0.0031451345,0.9925385],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004982731,0.00028112912,0.0012722297,0.0009148377,0.00006451082,0.0003908444,0.00016610489,0.00068193435,0.003469924,0.006967369,0.37527326,0.61001956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006942988,0.00017617812,0.0008809598,0.00048813908,0.000023554254,0.0005519074,0.0001935176,0.00032157704,0.00058085326,0.001007075,0.99567044,0.00003643304],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0040606274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033654387,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012866378,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011476355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009854189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01835227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406528624","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)82149-1","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(96)82149-1","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dispersion (optics); Mixing (physics); Mechanics; Materials science; Environmental science; Physics; Optics; Quantum mechanics","score_opus":0.004856873868160659,"score_gpt":0.16153090117154806,"score_spread":0.1566740273033874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406528624","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00054409524,0.00047310127,0.0008332251,0.0003218807,0.00033042557,0.000110897185,0.0006220813,0.0008186866,0.9959455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000765912,0.00028902045,0.00040449895,0.00021834453,0.00007428466,0.00005410801,0.00037627635,0.00016321903,0.9976544],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99930215,0.00005084633,0.00006428602,0.00027346177,0.00016077216,0.00014840279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99770844,0.0006148089,0.00013681696,0.00026880484,0.00054678216,0.000724368],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0011076835,0.0030125855,0.001966027,0.0027022748,0.002705829,0.0041532684,0.0034495906,0.0056156227,0.98702973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015788835,0.0010643369,0.0014791524,0.0024050395,0.0024736358,0.005751662,0.003198808,0.0028533007,0.99165934],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046215038,0.00027638086,0.0011627093,0.00089709886,0.00005632394,0.00038104632,0.00016651652,0.00066546706,0.0035370556,0.0072477697,0.37527317,0.6098743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059848047,0.00017367554,0.00080971356,0.00043495183,0.000020862431,0.0005138701,0.00018635775,0.00031394488,0.0005536705,0.0009524393,0.9959501,0.00003053898],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035163353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002985882,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012970269,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010389928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009277707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.018500507},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406530394","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)92549-6","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(94)92549-6","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Zooplankton; Oceanography; Environmental science; Fishery; Biology; Geology","score_opus":0.00490425579694233,"score_gpt":0.16285831587989838,"score_spread":0.15795406008295604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406530394","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0011209062,0.0010706637,0.0014125403,0.0008629812,0.0005523901,0.00031424407,0.0012967583,0.0013081508,0.9920614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001136032,0.0005345781,0.0006810221,0.00047233637,0.00011275026,0.00013732552,0.0006163372,0.00027980492,0.99602985],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99835324,0.00012812507,0.00018678051,0.0006400214,0.00032560067,0.00036623355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99622476,0.00095619087,0.00023967159,0.0004123813,0.0009695218,0.0011975011],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0025019408,0.004859289,0.0032494862,0.0039057713,0.0029951332,0.0061336574,0.005445503,0.009500998,0.99110186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001845395,0.0017247531,0.002464574,0.002746372,0.004160339,0.008653319,0.004745175,0.0036301713,0.9929796],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008590021,0.00076741446,0.0018609993,0.0014378631,0.00011805141,0.000797104,0.00021421778,0.00088970666,0.0061892434,0.005266999,0.2400494,0.74155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014380994,0.0003742131,0.001548655,0.0010179968,0.000038687765,0.0010330748,0.00030857418,0.00044631638,0.0007945971,0.0010925141,0.9931471,0.000054512155],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0031698325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030633206,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009500998,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0017927308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012236043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.013231635},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406534021","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(93)95241-w","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(93)95241-w","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Plume; Turbulence; Grid; Diffusion; Environmental science; Shear (geology); Line (geometry); Turbulent diffusion; Meteorology; Geology; Mechanics; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Geodesy; Mathematics; Geometry; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.004354404665508464,"score_gpt":0.15697388459546907,"score_spread":0.1526194799299606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406534021","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005417704,0.0003835592,0.0008485576,0.0003349822,0.00029681332,0.00012201423,0.0007114701,0.00091508764,0.99584574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00080611644,0.00024659047,0.00043043477,0.00023422317,0.00007144568,0.00005953154,0.00041551568,0.00018435004,0.99755174],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99942267,0.000040170293,0.00005029578,0.00021541232,0.00014046038,0.00013105202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979937,0.00051012204,0.00012157927,0.00023840848,0.00047491342,0.0006612783],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009935393,0.002962177,0.0017688476,0.002769755,0.0028742042,0.0037601318,0.0032481935,0.005386938,0.98772603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0015238211,0.0010281383,0.0013913765,0.0023515911,0.0022869555,0.0056059444,0.003136028,0.002594395,0.99158305],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00039379686,0.00028229074,0.0011051408,0.00074875646,0.00004743291,0.00035900707,0.00016337803,0.0005548717,0.0032304216,0.0061947126,0.38654056,0.6003796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000620671,0.00015799678,0.0008871001,0.00037970307,0.00002022079,0.00049354904,0.00018862657,0.00024900844,0.00058602355,0.00092433597,0.99602306,0.00002817294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0046651848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036197915,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.012273967,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00097385637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009518997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017507315},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406535785","doi":"10.1016/0967-0653(93)93740-i","title":"10.1016/0967-0653(93)93740-i","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Aerosol; Jet (fluid); Dispersion (optics); Mechanics; Grid; Environmental science; Meteorology; Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Materials science; Optics; Geology; Geodesy","score_opus":0.004354404665508464,"score_gpt":0.15697388459546907,"score_spread":0.1526194799299606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406535785","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004567767,0.0003630617,0.0006681657,0.0003127141,0.0002860871,0.00010160108,0.00060675,0.00076932134,0.99643564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007369145,0.00020760826,0.00034063356,0.00021521366,0.00007002934,0.000048641832,0.00035168848,0.00015281687,0.9978764],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993887,0.000041094223,0.000049762628,0.00022836254,0.00015213952,0.00013989375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997827,0.00053449743,0.00012898045,0.00025206397,0.000522933,0.0007345479],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009701886,0.0027220661,0.0017431289,0.0029742236,0.0030078501,0.004114503,0.0032237556,0.00556149,0.9885549],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001472116,0.001012385,0.0013655046,0.0023710942,0.0024280965,0.005231908,0.003173669,0.002740616,0.9913408],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037819232,0.00031024544,0.0012538721,0.00073263404,0.000045911493,0.00039390245,0.00017133514,0.00055902987,0.0033993176,0.007063303,0.4011794,0.5845128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000050096918,0.00013914668,0.0008260413,0.00036093453,0.000016751472,0.0004446581,0.00016922518,0.00025873422,0.00051625265,0.00086281716,0.9963296,0.000025797326],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0043983567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0036497598,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011445105,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010645894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010473776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016325057},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406585196","doi":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)84761-3","title":"10.1016/s0967-0653(98)84761-3","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shear (geology); Geology; Mechanics; Physics; Petrology","score_opus":0.005077898505030638,"score_gpt":0.16567475134395004,"score_spread":0.16059685283891942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406585196","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004851982,0.00051860523,0.0009007321,0.0003409826,0.00032940577,0.00010712327,0.0006515368,0.00089101074,0.9957754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00064855,0.0002340784,0.0003930591,0.00018275964,0.00006572562,0.000051757113,0.00032849275,0.00015502448,0.9979406],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99927527,0.000047519752,0.00006109984,0.00028331118,0.00019108118,0.0001417239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99751353,0.0006165322,0.0001843521,0.00031006834,0.00065443205,0.0007211444],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001071145,0.0028098337,0.0018849389,0.0030568559,0.0025983355,0.0043745167,0.003558848,0.00567214,0.98646146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016382157,0.00096314953,0.0014743163,0.0028064928,0.002130267,0.0059814528,0.0031688106,0.0029854379,0.9916853],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00037929154,0.00022237345,0.0008942825,0.00075240375,0.000049622242,0.00029788754,0.00014402009,0.0005459465,0.002682561,0.0077452105,0.342363,0.6439234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000047715093,0.00012556418,0.0005328898,0.0003603363,0.000017263012,0.0004091994,0.00011573617,0.00026399235,0.000412588,0.0007524851,0.9969351,0.00002708068],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0035162685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002671631,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.013538539,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011678571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011203544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01931107},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406627950","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5826333/v1","title":"Modulation of Biofilm Growth by Shear and Fluctuations in Turbulent Environments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Generalitat de Catalunya","keywords":"Biofilm; Turbulence; Modulation (music); Shear (geology); Statistical physics; Mechanics; Geology; Materials science; Physics; Acoustics; Composite material; Bacteria","score_opus":0.025054544671890003,"score_gpt":0.3200614850049744,"score_spread":0.2950069403330844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406627950","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98897177,0.00064055267,0.00783179,0.00021427177,0.000051869898,0.0000064173514,0.00005427972,0.0000394368,0.002189561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979511,0.00027350127,0.0009981061,0.000014675356,0.000012002467,0.0000051233387,0.000023547183,0.000013257081,0.00070863916],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998989,0.0000229105,0.0000038073515,0.000023283032,0.000026790043,0.000024241042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999856,0.00006766279,0.000021065702,0.000008471349,0.000018074297,0.000028691076],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014432934,0.00029774915,0.00025591734,0.00017728965,0.00022990552,0.00075488276,0.00012727547,0.00029893042,0.0006029101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004854526,0.00018062654,0.0001350829,0.00015775334,0.0003445034,0.00037279865,0.00031416496,0.00034828237,0.00011562679],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004171266,0.0000919157,0.0023388797,0.00007729854,0.000018495684,0.00010144454,0.000110284425,0.014366048,0.9658662,0.0051403274,0.00044515147,0.011026792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000097297794,0.000418926,0.03936703,0.000021355496,0.00003246888,0.00017357046,0.00029189893,0.45500585,0.48922312,0.01310686,0.0021904681,0.000071196875],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00066859723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00053272716,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00075488276,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025411352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001862018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002016902},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406629662","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-4rh6c-v2","title":"Predicting Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Submicron Proxies for Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ChemRxiv","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Basic Energy Sciences; Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Aerosol; Liquid liquid; Separation (statistics); Liquid phase; Environmental science; Phase (matter); Materials science; Chromatography; Meteorology; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Computer science","score_opus":0.014567423681056341,"score_gpt":0.285657399812817,"score_spread":0.27108997613176067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406629662","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9279017,0.00042222373,0.06874933,0.00018527835,0.00003395746,0.000048008784,0.0008088293,0.00044323865,0.0014074903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843971,0.00015357253,0.014669731,0.000018993784,0.000009728369,0.000025371784,0.00040611663,0.00006024319,0.0002591602],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999461,0.0000076113924,0.0000028763732,0.000021534957,0.000012605211,0.000009292452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997899,0.000112009904,0.000040542043,0.000014988817,0.000026782116,0.000015726177],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002930572,0.0004510367,0.00021208708,0.00034304513,0.00026084515,0.0004516114,0.00030625446,0.00069673976,0.00036458642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007862752,0.00016120267,0.00029174087,0.00019594019,0.00022812595,0.00065161526,0.00017706444,0.00044597386,0.00014298486],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009834654,0.00012290469,0.025970608,0.00012340878,0.000032211716,0.00012652899,0.00006654282,0.854088,0.10264841,0.002531927,0.0006342594,0.013556804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005711606,0.000011297856,0.0021161109,0.0000024239855,0.000003145234,0.0000070130513,0.0000072462003,0.98427886,0.012960236,0.0004207135,0.00018246219,0.0000047719022],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00863365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0063393987,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00863365,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007245416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00068966905,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017166793},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406653702","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-7020-7005-1.00009-5","title":"10.1016/b978-0-7020-7005-1.00009-5","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Time to knit","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","score_opus":0.006496164079692978,"score_gpt":0.1608363770113014,"score_spread":0.15434021293160843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4406653702","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00021426649,0.0005333558,0.001764889,0.0002555852,0.00018118658,0.000041852018,0.0006466898,0.0011335604,0.99522865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00065339025,0.00031089442,0.00060393655,0.0000912543,0.000039006445,0.000031676533,0.00046204915,0.00027525786,0.9975325],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9995858,0.000022989438,0.000025065086,0.00013969388,0.00015473943,0.00007174111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987023,0.00036348728,0.00009496495,0.00020158777,0.00028677832,0.00035086757],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007289144,0.0018451693,0.0011841046,0.0018546749,0.0011734281,0.0038685952,0.00267485,0.0035226266,0.9715404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013150739,0.00068600534,0.0007403331,0.0018997814,0.0009063269,0.0042911223,0.0025592088,0.0018419517,0.98631686],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010981588,0.00010318029,0.0002821216,0.00039009302,0.000014852401,0.00010611147,0.000063132844,0.00033982034,0.0028970032,0.0066957986,0.30462292,0.6843752],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012982624,0.00003537221,0.00034930016,0.00019258047,0.000007035217,0.00019246075,0.000048810805,0.00015573467,0.000501242,0.0012227456,0.99727064,0.0000110513065],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002238836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002150808,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028459609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008578325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006968467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04059416},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407096966","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120741","title":"Dynamics of proppant particle settling within low Reynolds numbers: Roles of particle shape, surface wettability, wall factor, and fluid elasticity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Wetting; Settling; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Elasticity (physics); Materials science; Particle (ecology); Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics","score_opus":0.007643567727709072,"score_gpt":0.2317128398928739,"score_spread":0.2240692721651648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407096966","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945503,0.00016830051,0.004804045,0.00002006935,0.0000050540325,0.0000074557474,0.00003976086,0.00002797072,0.00037707575],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99735874,0.00014475778,0.0017509139,0.000006446764,0.00000237375,0.000008891538,0.00007118825,0.000009425971,0.0006472416],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999273,0.000005922708,0.0000043860346,0.000017309969,0.000027505468,0.000017552906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981886,0.000064326254,0.000055673874,0.000008733119,0.000036843972,0.000015566317],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015075847,0.00018418349,0.00018010955,0.00025137942,0.00014325591,0.00029934052,0.00014680484,0.00016396736,0.0005341977],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00033781643,0.000088586894,0.00015801076,0.00014432563,0.0002220428,0.0004108519,0.00015700916,0.00028598108,0.0001217876],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014263275,0.00003480663,0.0059014126,0.0000662369,0.000009305179,0.0001820026,0.0001462503,0.004456067,0.9810162,0.00047126238,0.000059948863,0.0075136996],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001366731,0.00033922493,0.036088575,0.000013150167,0.000016068878,0.00016303577,0.00018131982,0.124997914,0.8367949,0.0004424099,0.00090890494,0.000040768467],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009965161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00065990293,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009965161,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00020224781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00017606794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0019814372},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407229178","doi":"10.1007/s10665-025-10428-9","title":"A modified Orr–Sommerfeld equation for axisymmetric stability of particulate pipe flow","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Mathematics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Rotational symmetry; Particulates; Mechanics; Stability (learning theory); Flow (mathematics); Mathematics; Materials science; Physics; Computer science; Chemistry","score_opus":0.028245588602343993,"score_gpt":0.24876344911075418,"score_spread":0.22051786050841019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407229178","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.18175624,0.0023506358,0.75872266,0.0020794878,0.001261892,0.00017438298,0.0003490491,0.00025409186,0.053051468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.90420705,0.0010837545,0.05308623,0.0004969267,0.0007531698,0.0001168361,0.00023778419,0.00023275819,0.03978554],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996716,0.00010079367,0.000019038456,0.000056712557,0.000121472694,0.000030370116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963427,0.00010455992,0.0000628382,0.000045200224,0.000114577575,0.000038675407],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009147588,0.0006151971,0.00086743245,0.00092141517,0.0005452808,0.0012460586,0.001322021,0.0018329307,0.002881044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0020630173,0.00029845626,0.0010170019,0.00045422607,0.0014420088,0.0023453126,0.0013600885,0.0012396879,0.0005493145],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113346425,0.00006713543,0.00077535125,0.00016168694,0.000052430383,0.0006404666,0.00029970997,0.09618863,0.04307769,0.8421723,0.0029083202,0.013543009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002096734,0.000041360934,0.0006781802,0.000011800002,0.000013425689,0.00021966975,0.00003971392,0.90081567,0.0015279923,0.094313614,0.0022712997,0.000046369034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015912153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009987943,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002881044,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00084538077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008777505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009638071},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407370379","doi":"10.3390/coatings15020215","title":"In-Flight Particle Oxidation Evolution in HVAF: A Numerical Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Coatings","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Consortium de Recherche et d’innovation en Aérospatiale au Québec; McGill University","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Environmental science; Mechanics; Physics; Geology; Oceanography","score_opus":0.006875195585167615,"score_gpt":0.2512330756759086,"score_spread":0.24435788009074097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407370379","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.97888297,0.00030200518,0.010015537,0.00024882672,0.000045862427,0.00005421439,0.0004746734,0.000099948695,0.009875859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922403,0.0001268274,0.0056307376,0.000037838814,0.000010444339,0.000032082655,0.00020991024,0.000018544619,0.0016933867],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999136,0.000015014049,0.0000046172468,0.00001366552,0.000022991842,0.00003003788],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995235,0.0002732971,0.000068483045,0.000025043,0.000070618,0.000038969447],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002706231,0.00034511913,0.00047954495,0.00051719823,0.0005821474,0.00066927867,0.0006843875,0.0016566426,0.0018178056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009940284,0.00020598227,0.00059699756,0.00043231135,0.0005783042,0.00037725634,0.00038620457,0.0005543579,0.00013673314],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00012415004,0.00017478337,0.009327658,0.00008964394,0.00003314606,0.00038155846,0.00010084265,0.97944975,0.004448909,0.002069063,0.00046105398,0.003339321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009714448,0.000024514313,0.0010233497,0.0000047392596,0.000003741355,0.000021818647,0.000035488083,0.99824166,0.00032821193,0.0001234732,0.00017876645,0.000004485911],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.028056286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01283909,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.028056286,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00064745813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060728594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.055785954},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407374365","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109754","title":"Viscosity-driven clustering of heated polydispersed particles in subsonic jet flows","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Jet (fluid); Viscosity; Mechanics; Materials science; Cluster analysis; Physics; Thermodynamics; Computer science","score_opus":0.007768149351674317,"score_gpt":0.24786450463615595,"score_spread":0.24009635528448164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4407374365","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954919,0.00007230031,0.0035293128,0.00004092665,0.0000118422195,0.00001064565,0.000042286814,0.000049389095,0.00075145345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975744,0.00005389809,0.0019530475,0.000015997988,0.000004325498,0.000009285454,0.000057248944,0.000012072853,0.0003198341],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999442,0.000006046962,0.0000026652,0.000013119264,0.000010337572,0.00002357262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998746,0.000033344546,0.000035053363,0.000007885867,0.000015812979,0.000033264827],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000117811294,0.00023887605,0.00023509905,0.00031891826,0.00037665063,0.0006373209,0.00025515916,0.0003112428,0.00044844276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035166065,0.0001961632,0.00027645665,0.00017926967,0.00057313434,0.0003201142,0.00027129168,0.00029206366,0.000062209045],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00038712603,0.00028783325,0.013580327,0.00010604022,0.000053729495,0.00090560253,0.000463063,0.64407194,0.32707927,0.0061449385,0.0004965772,0.0064235916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003445552,0.00008835439,0.0057915943,0.0000056893186,0.000010230709,0.000041585714,0.000057460413,0.97220075,0.020741412,0.00070061017,0.00030916923,0.00001871516],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0056135007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0028122412,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0056135007,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006360767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038039187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011161685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408435370","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu25-7437","title":"Simulated Changes in Large-scale Atmospheric Circulation Energetics from Volcanic Aerosol Forcing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Energetics; Aerosol; Volcano; Atmospheric sciences; Forcing (mathematics); Circulation (fluid dynamics); Environmental science; Atmospheric circulation; General Circulation Model; Climatology; Scale (ratio); Meteorology; Geology; Physics; Climate change; Oceanography; Mechanics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.009884979089369736,"score_gpt":0.2303316643892579,"score_spread":0.22044668529988815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408435370","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973441,0.000038276074,0.00037655447,0.00007752387,0.000014893927,0.00000746527,0.0006719362,0.000050427905,0.0014189187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99855167,0.000024116875,0.00040972675,0.000023914641,0.0000043244454,0.000013730744,0.0007515315,0.0000151396125,0.00020591904],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998735,0.000035514957,0.000007748112,0.000027787306,0.000018588207,0.00003677964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995359,0.0002476254,0.000060361774,0.000035209483,0.000057802255,0.00006302562],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003577063,0.0004945354,0.00038162665,0.00030278802,0.00043196022,0.0007206124,0.0006489773,0.00089641474,0.0014733494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012440503,0.0002941035,0.0006266885,0.0005020172,0.0004018919,0.00052725145,0.000383281,0.0008068044,0.00012812114],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027919243,0.00016545723,0.030488344,0.000036077385,0.0001450765,0.0001064618,0.000055112687,0.9621831,0.0034931442,0.0005652386,0.00057673856,0.0019059153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00011462769,0.00011124262,0.021664178,0.0000071422915,0.000042895663,0.00002448493,0.00007104666,0.9755931,0.0016236306,0.00032723817,0.0003987345,0.00002164562],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.030338284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.026107905,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.030338284,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010452046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006771261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.060323417},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408856892","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5195339","title":"A Parametric Study of Turbulence Modulation in High-Reynolds-Number, Particle-Laden Flow in a Vertical Pipe","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Reynolds decomposition; Mechanics; Parametric statistics; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Geology; Reynolds equation; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.009492156686378954,"score_gpt":0.251764483979902,"score_spread":0.24227232729352302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4408856892","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942854,0.000056287103,0.0032678912,0.000055851364,0.00000837417,0.000011614814,0.000023560959,0.000034912013,0.0022560107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99942374,0.000015910276,0.00027897308,0.000002598094,0.0000023205844,0.000002568822,0.000004635699,0.000002971038,0.00026644557],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99989736,0.000026609549,0.000003561666,0.000019898522,0.000024532574,0.000028004604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996922,0.00016643485,0.000055572298,0.000033864504,0.00002044449,0.00003144678],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00019972588,0.0002874213,0.00029194314,0.0002578618,0.0003847081,0.0005387782,0.00042421115,0.00046619284,0.0010106912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007775309,0.00020335619,0.00022611703,0.00028534132,0.0009671905,0.0003756767,0.0006505306,0.00034736816,0.000068394686],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.002526824,0.00073086686,0.011206727,0.00024930225,0.000062059844,0.0029977227,0.0010822123,0.19214335,0.7543128,0.012694144,0.0007578455,0.021236245],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015450385,0.0022041881,0.023318138,0.000022690601,0.000058873404,0.0008014095,0.00038023895,0.8851157,0.0847082,0.0021561654,0.0010003604,0.00007950568],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00043937776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019545355,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0010106912,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00019956409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001624352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0033810735},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409365182","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95822-0","title":"Modulation of biofilm growth by shear and fluctuations in turbulent environments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación","keywords":"Biofilm; Turbulence; Modulation (music); Shear (geology); Statistical physics; Materials science; Biology; Mechanics; Physics; Acoustics; Composite material; Bacteria; Genetics","score_opus":0.005190260465764667,"score_gpt":0.209876703213631,"score_spread":0.20468644274786632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409365182","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996003,0.00030434754,0.003126196,0.000038606275,0.0000117525415,0.0000118607,0.000050048075,0.000018726154,0.00043547072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987288,0.00018762343,0.00093638356,0.0000114007535,0.0000047543094,0.00001045768,0.00002870726,0.000003898124,0.00008800596],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99985313,0.00002713602,0.000013034268,0.00002640979,0.000041983665,0.000038341164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998093,0.00006552158,0.000060681406,0.000012903612,0.000024942032,0.000026650581],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018551084,0.00034557938,0.00025781462,0.00019396849,0.00022921366,0.000582607,0.00014059845,0.00017862317,0.00025766375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00035595166,0.00017776954,0.00022874297,0.00015610541,0.00033512004,0.0002899877,0.00040113254,0.00028895665,0.00006528814],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019302552,0.000038003178,0.004107096,0.00008211921,0.000014934438,0.00008844864,0.00007130457,0.005039126,0.9866701,0.0003279447,0.000044603177,0.0033233028],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000059573358,0.000893869,0.06849482,0.000027425851,0.00006260232,0.00014189648,0.00031268643,0.11566087,0.81225955,0.0008292872,0.0011802216,0.00007722743],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008960697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007486816,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008960697,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025445488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019058824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0018461943},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409585442","doi":"10.1007/s10652-025-10035-3","title":"Particle dynamics in horizontal buoyant jets within linearly stratified environments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; University of British Columbia; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Stratified flows; Mechanics; Physics; Stratified flow; Dynamics (music); Classical mechanics; Hydrogeology; Meteorology; Particle (ecology); Geology; Geophysics; Turbulence; Statistical physics; Oceanography; Geotechnical engineering","score_opus":0.004985890948760286,"score_gpt":0.19340861712250437,"score_spread":0.1884227261737441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409585442","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98353046,0.00013003999,0.015568739,0.000017692515,0.000007829785,0.000012367608,0.000026177806,0.00004158132,0.000665133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99741924,0.000087209,0.002086667,0.000009580634,0.0000026477321,0.0000058731584,0.000036091547,0.0000049340824,0.00034774837],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999207,0.00001034441,0.000005018926,0.0000172831,0.00002279625,0.000023868357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988294,0.000029365086,0.0000404569,0.000008204767,0.000023685468,0.000015296439],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00012889522,0.00023654388,0.00018817742,0.00029833792,0.00027939066,0.00063082005,0.00022636009,0.00023364075,0.00023405369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00032117893,0.00012783668,0.00022765856,0.00024638034,0.0003641522,0.0003709854,0.0003249048,0.00020505498,0.00008031424],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00031642546,0.00016184327,0.05295401,0.00011250934,0.00007206478,0.001414869,0.00078263786,0.21338095,0.6952395,0.006280114,0.00025560198,0.029029416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003306155,0.0003688928,0.037571326,0.000010409551,0.000040356936,0.00016591424,0.00037772927,0.8470565,0.1120657,0.0011863284,0.0010779091,0.000045838773],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050378577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0021582134,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0050378577,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004435496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004395705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010017037},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409761997","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.334","title":"Molecular dynamics and experimental characterization of amorphization in silicon substrates during aerosol deposition","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ceramics International","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; University of Toronto; McMaster University","keywords":"Materials science; Characterization (materials science); Aerosol; Deposition (geology); Molecular dynamics; Silicon; Chemical physics; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Metallurgy; Computational chemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","score_opus":0.0034642431436356174,"score_gpt":0.21882350656830638,"score_spread":0.21535926342467077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4409761997","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.996869,0.00014617865,0.0015940632,0.00004420601,0.000006621887,0.00001059937,0.00015492256,0.000026145324,0.0011482292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998409,0.00013926592,0.0010536136,0.000006886432,0.0000027002345,0.000012438694,0.00017657675,0.000005352347,0.00019422981],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999503,0.0000031800873,0.000002099373,0.000009341948,0.00002245156,0.000012648337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998925,0.000043557007,0.000020835201,0.000009688714,0.000019622763,0.00001377982],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010276231,0.00014600744,0.00015660052,0.00017443801,0.00027425744,0.00020712236,0.0002080467,0.00022339827,0.0011136566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030170943,0.00011690296,0.00022983739,0.00016678695,0.0002577699,0.00031098624,0.00015795157,0.00030325085,0.00008932778],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00043456236,0.00032706666,0.024989046,0.00029480757,0.00010185129,0.0007491423,0.00046307055,0.17989069,0.7746858,0.0063389903,0.0005897403,0.011135076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000071139504,0.00043609622,0.035309635,0.000019315172,0.000034471723,0.00015740797,0.00027780447,0.7098413,0.25037724,0.0010773318,0.0023495324,0.000048728685],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002630195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0017860442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002630195,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000397028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032449278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0052297115},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410142019","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2024-0168","title":"Transient motion of a rotating slippery spherical particle within a spherical cavity filled with a porous medium","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Transient (computer programming); Particle (ecology); Classical mechanics; Porous medium; Motion (physics); Mechanics; Porosity; Composite material","score_opus":0.008275823905202269,"score_gpt":0.2049184654723223,"score_spread":0.19664264156712002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410142019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9520993,0.00015477369,0.04490541,0.00007899429,0.000023454895,0.00002263816,0.000040596053,0.00012062872,0.0025541957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99458873,0.000059749083,0.0045352783,0.000007601548,0.0000032145936,0.000009911235,0.000027896918,0.000006729899,0.0007609077],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99994564,0.0000055591554,0.0000023955415,0.000010394838,0.000017621325,0.000018398241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998642,0.00005789065,0.000029708184,0.000012589366,0.000016258044,0.000019422476],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015361731,0.00019439508,0.0004108742,0.00017148566,0.00031791165,0.0003650406,0.00041443994,0.00039345687,0.0006846188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00034054377,0.00013753577,0.00033890625,0.00014499878,0.0007115198,0.00034450076,0.0004209645,0.00023062191,0.00010080307],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00044947906,0.00011821799,0.0066317893,0.0002004355,0.000049801143,0.0020650004,0.00047805838,0.53494406,0.42906705,0.012516781,0.00033524627,0.013143984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015417947,0.00020859695,0.0018136281,0.000005805699,0.000010867388,0.00012663766,0.00009890761,0.968794,0.027994588,0.00045592623,0.00045673264,0.000018776034],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001998616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008224444,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001998616,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00041707655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00045012374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003973961},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410349851","doi":"10.1016/j.scriptamat.2025.116763","title":"Eutectic melting of alloy microparticles upon low velocity impact","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scripta Materialia","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Basic Energy Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Materials science; Eutectic system; Alloy; Metallurgy","score_opus":0.007811103530831393,"score_gpt":0.24870820150606177,"score_spread":0.24089709797523037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410349851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99601245,0.00026311542,0.0012357243,0.000043705608,0.000020022428,0.000009708084,0.00009029805,0.000035063826,0.0022899173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979644,0.000091967544,0.00028165831,0.000015363208,0.0000048386896,0.000004298505,0.00007721088,0.000018775883,0.0015414618],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998233,0.000007653751,0.0000056548943,0.000033620116,0.000059564023,0.000070245915],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99990857,0.000025583167,0.000021368667,0.000009991567,0.000017872027,0.000016605454],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000101673555,0.0001634139,0.0003144062,0.00035375412,0.0005359238,0.0006048324,0.00022303857,0.00034755748,0.0027540866],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00028147505,0.00017829392,0.00025165663,0.0001890026,0.0004120352,0.0004070625,0.00043969663,0.0005025987,0.0005379187],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00035702687,0.000031847565,0.0007171838,0.00006159879,0.000015224074,0.00043143806,0.00022380833,0.0019222675,0.9908958,0.0010805889,0.00019797217,0.004065315],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016965285,0.00013542446,0.0061098714,0.000008341751,0.000010726169,0.0001262798,0.00013926433,0.008985293,0.983021,0.00026023685,0.001170842,0.000015705953],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0013163923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011777781,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027540866,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006026068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00025002938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009213328},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410359939","doi":"10.3390/fluids10050130","title":"Steady Particulate Taylor-Couette Flow with Particle Migration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Particulates; Taylor–Couette flow; Particle (ecology); Flow (mathematics); Mechanics; Couette flow; Environmental science; Geology; Physics; Oceanography; Chemistry","score_opus":0.006343179168660903,"score_gpt":0.2122475723424963,"score_spread":0.2059043931738354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410359939","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3978174,0.0004922569,0.5912945,0.00022354389,0.00012170317,0.00008578442,0.00008643193,0.00033328976,0.009545106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.97174555,0.00019955014,0.023349952,0.000028309434,0.000041010502,0.000048497437,0.00007611396,0.000023001958,0.004488057],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99980503,0.00003733355,0.000009105788,0.000053039563,0.0000656693,0.000029936333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996817,0.0001018928,0.00007813018,0.000039128157,0.00007255193,0.000026563272],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003151297,0.0004887485,0.000531362,0.00039911605,0.00046731668,0.00080510176,0.00057065336,0.0009531361,0.0007405074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010198745,0.0002915679,0.00052265456,0.0003031982,0.00085746264,0.00091255887,0.0006457536,0.00045918202,0.0002104851],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002962751,0.00016240096,0.004274531,0.0002506961,0.000045122455,0.0009543782,0.00041311298,0.5583897,0.24012794,0.17508003,0.0010769295,0.018928973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000015811598,0.000056136,0.00038882697,0.0000031976713,0.0000046263644,0.000105689134,0.000012295721,0.9803683,0.015421149,0.002683088,0.0009284622,0.000012366314],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0027461643,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010946018,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0027461643,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00086950744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007215167,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006308794},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410770660","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2025.2507136","title":"Numerical modeling of particle transport in an allergen exposure chamber","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerosol Science and Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; Robarts Clinical Trials","funders":"","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Allergen; Aerosol; Mechanics; Numerical modeling; Environmental science; Physics; Medicine; Meteorology; Geology; Immunology; Allergy","score_opus":0.01045381016732673,"score_gpt":0.24299518901340644,"score_spread":0.23254137884607973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410770660","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.47282505,0.00044609007,0.5074999,0.0004505103,0.00014880612,0.00036657363,0.0007292802,0.00064373174,0.016890028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9374153,0.00027954302,0.05745007,0.00007326654,0.000021886086,0.0002881261,0.00029856348,0.000052650255,0.0041205455],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997516,0.000052689025,0.000019810384,0.00005384045,0.00008223346,0.000039852257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996717,0.00013379226,0.00005222927,0.000034148157,0.00007375601,0.000034419765],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00041036258,0.0004236636,0.00056273723,0.0003065676,0.00063136464,0.00099085,0.0010540682,0.001333203,0.00091672456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008942913,0.00029921756,0.00065315387,0.0003170596,0.00060325814,0.0004453447,0.0006705029,0.00053502014,0.00020144315],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000024000301,0.000026822627,0.00094816333,0.000017435765,0.0000068592517,0.000066679655,0.00003498934,0.9878347,0.008106822,0.0014935485,0.00008992765,0.0013501324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000050898702,0.000013432228,0.00018976734,0.0000017417931,0.0000017637944,0.000010588986,0.000005499175,0.9987,0.0007267487,0.00012828538,0.00021275647,0.000004379878],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.011391521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033234435,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.011391521,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00092244864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001461528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02265042},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410992337","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2025.114120","title":"A polydisperse Gaussian-moment model for dilute turbulent multiphase flows","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computational Physics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; University of Ottawa","funders":"Office of Science; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; Atomic Energy of Canada Limited","keywords":"Turbulence; Moment (physics); Statistical physics; Second moment of area; Gaussian; Mechanics; Physics; Geology; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.01412247198575399,"score_gpt":0.27359400082280333,"score_spread":0.2594715288370493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4410992337","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.05549732,0.00089897035,0.9369971,0.0003364492,0.00010461573,0.0000738247,0.00021457975,0.00030956764,0.005567607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8638434,0.0013780112,0.12284833,0.00017761394,0.000112409456,0.00025710225,0.00030072706,0.00011862393,0.010963792],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998192,0.000042226613,0.000009248555,0.000032477637,0.000074551645,0.000022362528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998493,0.00005162021,0.000033859393,0.000016512473,0.000029668443,0.0000190482],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003957623,0.00047278006,0.0005732728,0.00056235655,0.00041573745,0.0006874802,0.0009534482,0.0007840332,0.0005507282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006833773,0.00022066968,0.0006343673,0.00050794345,0.0005997936,0.0007735003,0.00062946934,0.0006438031,0.00026700355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000052137268,0.000042811796,0.0008422111,0.00006172782,0.000013736006,0.00014522517,0.00007568188,0.8991974,0.008395933,0.079945855,0.00079804484,0.010429239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003237695,0.000009036076,0.00008559531,0.0000021210817,0.0000020981024,0.000011735501,0.0000026922548,0.99347633,0.00032462933,0.005570779,0.0005056693,0.000006133294],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050945566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0027250655,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0050945566,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006689401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011159409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010129809},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411014269","doi":"10.1007/s00348-025-04049-2","title":"Three-dimensional positioning, sizing, and velocimetry of dilute sprays using paired astigmatic interferometric particle imaging (PAIPI)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sizing; Velocimetry; Particle tracking velocimetry; Optics; Particle image velocimetry; Interferometry; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Physics; Turbulence; Geology","score_opus":0.014993987550437952,"score_gpt":0.27097458100342936,"score_spread":0.2559805934529914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411014269","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.88191605,0.0003546016,0.11376331,0.0001732973,0.000053718184,0.00013296152,0.00015490982,0.00036473785,0.0030864917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8255931,0.00030444845,0.1716314,0.00007128774,0.000014786841,0.00011215596,0.00015434923,0.00007857049,0.002039952],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996424,0.000044672626,0.000018746714,0.000074663105,0.00018302714,0.000036532467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997522,0.00007435267,0.000047477464,0.000045888548,0.000055170076,0.000024951954],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042418326,0.00035203935,0.0003196921,0.00037121517,0.0005175274,0.00047831459,0.0004119967,0.000412697,0.00072227867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006706691,0.00034062398,0.00016567126,0.0003859672,0.0005369321,0.0005798695,0.0006206518,0.00073428877,0.00017076381],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005995562,0.000025024894,0.00035818346,0.000015025228,0.0000026185412,0.000017666249,0.00006970286,0.00049271254,0.9919538,0.00051900925,0.00006514877,0.006421276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000016750586,0.00014148945,0.0024541852,0.000002397424,0.0000047504955,0.00009044432,0.000038694016,0.015351317,0.9809115,0.00018712175,0.0007875465,0.000013752086],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015227427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0019383958,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0015227427,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00046939647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006987696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0034057498},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411125265","doi":"10.33313/389/142","title":"Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements Inside Water Models at University of Toronto","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Particle image velocimetry; Velocimetry; Particle tracking velocimetry; Particle (ecology); Optics; Materials science; Physics; Computer science; Geology; Mechanics; Turbulence; Oceanography","score_opus":0.01764706552598625,"score_gpt":0.20860929332480677,"score_spread":0.19096222779882052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411125265","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875566,0.000054621636,0.0036349094,0.00011308641,0.00002071804,0.000027852704,0.001495595,0.00034030736,0.006756332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99502486,0.000048168404,0.0013407851,0.000005404129,0.0000025019997,0.00001231518,0.00075044174,0.000031702908,0.002783774],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970067,0.000013844216,0.000007536695,0.00008172237,0.000109119086,0.00008710135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999764,0.000042847845,0.000019492303,0.000021055108,0.000113690156,0.00003887573],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001353311,0.00037661367,0.00031964792,0.000512223,0.0015548726,0.00094225,0.00045706512,0.0006492507,0.0030742881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005419235,0.00033233868,0.00031545284,0.00088645547,0.0004507906,0.00061055506,0.00037463682,0.00057141046,0.00060576265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001738362,0.00042239233,0.10930618,0.00020413059,0.00008204998,0.0013986693,0.004659095,0.2364812,0.5816041,0.0048790285,0.013946627,0.04527818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009571978,0.00043389155,0.188408,0.000034353758,0.00009692367,0.00008633759,0.0017927007,0.41015932,0.38726258,0.00042830524,0.011054869,0.00014702004],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.38501877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.37702525,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.38501877,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029115858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0023678637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7655554},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411253656","doi":"10.36227/techrxiv.174970508.84216307/v1","title":"Rate of Particle Depletion via Coagulation in Isotropic Turbulence","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Isotropy; Coagulation; Particle (ecology); Mechanics; Physics; Statistical physics; Geology; Optics; Psychology","score_opus":0.01189420771494845,"score_gpt":0.24035166877666161,"score_spread":0.22845746106171316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411253656","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.79624057,0.00081829156,0.1867773,0.00039624714,0.00005895049,0.0000745873,0.00015691984,0.00041731313,0.015059773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99490875,0.0001992334,0.0034960648,0.00002287936,0.000015625315,0.000019900788,0.000024022796,0.00002030805,0.0012931483],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997905,0.00003197186,0.00001284353,0.00005474962,0.00006318975,0.000046742603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99954396,0.00016301667,0.00013078199,0.000058579088,0.0000617556,0.000041836487],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00039798502,0.0003936328,0.00044744762,0.00049014296,0.00030258053,0.0008559827,0.0006213765,0.00041515427,0.0005788242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0017228525,0.000272815,0.0002944893,0.00020042257,0.0007460133,0.0009775162,0.00090907334,0.00038264866,0.00016321131],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003464702,0.00021216767,0.020170188,0.00028832315,0.00006478519,0.0018282351,0.00049200817,0.3478809,0.21663767,0.37821686,0.0020487069,0.03181368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000032238167,0.000051167877,0.0029728087,0.000007621523,0.000017111997,0.00030203172,0.000021562406,0.95509,0.02119025,0.019535985,0.0007502275,0.00002898074],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001311152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003714111,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001311152,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00079228583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003730957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005748391},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411457354","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2025.10292","title":"Transversely rotating angular particle in an inertial flow at moderate Reynolds numbers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Reynolds number; Vortex; Angular velocity; Mechanics; Moment of inertia; Rotation (mathematics); Classical mechanics; Wake; Vorticity; Rotation around a fixed axis; Inertia; Rotational symmetry; Geometry; Turbulence; Mathematics","score_opus":0.010239273408417338,"score_gpt":0.23923032058395904,"score_spread":0.2289910471755417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4411457354","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99478686,0.00009993661,0.003675518,0.00005938811,0.00001829772,0.000012975273,0.000040484465,0.000042234384,0.0012644375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99642485,0.00008496107,0.0029157463,0.000023248029,0.000013017553,0.000014718823,0.00008096611,0.000010233109,0.00043224508],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990344,0.000009786813,0.0000047944204,0.000019353272,0.000026553887,0.000036047117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998405,0.00003124775,0.00005515332,0.000016527985,0.000024183886,0.000032304844],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001632222,0.0002781386,0.0003664454,0.00032326076,0.00038254965,0.0005411132,0.00026855938,0.0002778929,0.0010870943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003695944,0.00015102004,0.00026850204,0.0002263079,0.0006711736,0.00036165418,0.00036254065,0.00040012677,0.00018178172],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012808839,0.0004272847,0.032507367,0.00023280582,0.00009515113,0.0018833666,0.0007031156,0.16971566,0.7538383,0.017132413,0.001235272,0.020948324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001310501,0.0010276968,0.031626575,0.000019607214,0.000041432933,0.00027159078,0.00033418983,0.85625947,0.1054283,0.0028671906,0.0019185737,0.00007433168],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021821328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008922691,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021821328,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00027494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003956553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0043388605},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412570894","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5361803","title":"Track Cross-Sectional Profile Model for Time-Invariant Deposition Processes - Applied to Cold Spray and Aerosol Jet Printing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Aerosol; Jet (fluid); Track (disk drive); Deposition (geology); Invariant (physics); Meteorology; Aerospace engineering; Materials science; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Geology; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","score_opus":0.011143911945604672,"score_gpt":0.2571410914629604,"score_spread":0.2459971795173557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4412570894","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.040176485,0.0004988487,0.9496928,0.00034281428,0.00016519064,0.00009249932,0.000304727,0.0004222895,0.008304394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9244273,0.00094439555,0.028918967,0.0001915949,0.00013799667,0.0002019327,0.000494318,0.00028970247,0.044393852],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999728,0.000054100077,0.000014318957,0.0000840171,0.00007092073,0.000048592818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99935216,0.0002227368,0.000105462655,0.000047426205,0.00020138852,0.000070918206],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00094445527,0.0011520013,0.0011817765,0.0007312647,0.00070089445,0.0016705755,0.0021638884,0.0028086584,0.0040040817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001820151,0.00065673795,0.0013776518,0.0008896497,0.0009753686,0.0017073489,0.0009843502,0.0012578729,0.0009926836],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004741636,0.000045601042,0.0005697237,0.00004735382,0.00002921371,0.00013700491,0.000041693344,0.9644458,0.0036475132,0.0258166,0.0004771027,0.004694957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000255321,0.0000042038196,0.00005592705,0.0000010312656,0.0000032435562,0.0000071449726,0.0000021294777,0.9989606,0.0001516085,0.00071518857,0.00009386191,0.0000025926236],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015286912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0070042,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.015286912,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001457358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014710698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.030395865},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413143685","doi":"10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122416","title":"Air-water-sand three-phase jets in crossflow, Part II: Velocity distributions and turbulence characteristics of bubbles and sand particles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ocean Engineering","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Air water; Phase (matter); Geology; Meteorology; Physics","score_opus":0.0070177437014711805,"score_gpt":0.22081031512899726,"score_spread":0.21379257142752608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413143685","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933696,0.00021423511,0.0061285687,0.000013146515,0.000007013915,0.00001059114,0.000031218075,0.00003455694,0.00019117225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957016,0.0001533135,0.0035593498,0.000016382863,0.0000037591103,0.000009948808,0.00013097888,0.00000940116,0.00041519798],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998449,0.0000165662,0.0000097827415,0.000054636177,0.000047243466,0.000026917334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99980754,0.0000676759,0.00005130694,0.000009340926,0.000040009745,0.000024190123],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00033504015,0.00034914157,0.00034016964,0.000392915,0.00020481522,0.0007646941,0.00016366699,0.00034501747,0.00036514242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00046406392,0.00020754561,0.00039133322,0.00027314553,0.00030099778,0.00060097786,0.00034083577,0.00038116035,0.000074437514],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003449006,0.00013418689,0.031185227,0.00005506525,0.00003094825,0.00032179063,0.00026235337,0.0080849035,0.94545096,0.00045136173,0.00006728756,0.013611045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000070350536,0.0013819032,0.17881183,0.000020362768,0.00006141621,0.0002700706,0.00028024145,0.25969148,0.5577248,0.0004610875,0.0011738942,0.00005254851],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0050718132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033884805,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0050718132,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005216656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00029721315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010084569},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413422037","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105414","title":"A parametric study of turbulence modulation in high-Reynolds-number, particle-laden flow in a vertical pipe","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Reynolds decomposition; Mechanics; Parametric statistics; Physics; Flow (mathematics); Turbulence kinetic energy; Meteorology; Reynolds equation; Mathematics; Statistics","score_opus":0.011386015980555938,"score_gpt":0.2868393316391129,"score_spread":0.27545331565855696,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413422037","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976604,0.000020899852,0.00193302,0.000011941562,0.000001564138,0.0000061652067,0.000017223225,0.00002123256,0.00032757348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994122,0.0000100379675,0.00047795256,0.0000014763281,7.3701926e-7,0.0000032823846,0.000008555711,0.000002021266,0.00008377096],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99988484,0.000021830856,0.0000060327848,0.000023922077,0.00003277343,0.00003053279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99959785,0.00022835545,0.00008294412,0.000044090586,0.000022189535,0.000024673067],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00021271712,0.00019254118,0.00017305568,0.00023024557,0.00020621651,0.00028181553,0.00020907,0.00023800509,0.00037929398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00071475207,0.000140889,0.00017308506,0.00023983682,0.00051293144,0.00029370727,0.00032777424,0.0002823806,0.00004522865],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00088698696,0.00047008117,0.019405512,0.000109612854,0.00002459038,0.0008431721,0.0005040297,0.08116893,0.876439,0.0019223781,0.00019091368,0.018034842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005802709,0.0031861472,0.06326384,0.000016609478,0.0000319528,0.00054918724,0.00024192498,0.60622245,0.32502824,0.00063999835,0.00069558015,0.00006596724],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00044902408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00023136545,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00044902408,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00017447628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000115751114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0012688637},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413795411","doi":"10.26583/sv.17.3.06","title":"Shadow Visualization of Water Droplets Breakup Process in a Laval Nozzle Two-Phase Flow","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Visualization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","keywords":"Breakup; Nozzle; Flow visualization; Mechanics; Visualization; Shadow (psychology); Two-phase flow; Flow (mathematics); Process (computing); Phase (matter); Materials science; Computer graphics (images); Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Psychology","score_opus":0.009338423163805377,"score_gpt":0.31669008968556606,"score_spread":0.30735166652176066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413795411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926967,0.0002056754,0.0060076616,0.000021799413,0.000007818534,0.000023503468,0.00012864653,0.00011806519,0.00079002103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922801,0.00012218738,0.006445652,0.000011139487,0.0000047513336,0.000017546043,0.0001554776,0.000017158725,0.0009459263],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999305,0.000005829213,0.000002638488,0.000016002974,0.000022527145,0.000022490742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99988174,0.00004115074,0.000019256455,0.000009044697,0.000021399846,0.000027308428],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00014117922,0.00022438641,0.00020567395,0.0004440854,0.00023338626,0.00018089765,0.00027344257,0.00022866404,0.0016750124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00013978648,0.00011036412,0.00016690277,0.0001968163,0.00028820086,0.0002256759,0.0002639435,0.0003233705,0.00010264127],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00014366161,0.00002836334,0.00084919046,0.000048244445,0.0000024184344,0.0002244764,0.00013400098,0.0004453182,0.99459225,0.0001533173,0.000038243048,0.0033404934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000419428,0.0005862174,0.024223838,0.000015879525,0.00001340759,0.00034075364,0.00014066808,0.022071049,0.9509099,0.00015200305,0.0014858865,0.000018462746],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00124822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007089954,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016750124,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00025994817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020379876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0056034923},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413914900","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121610","title":"A combined numerical and experimental study of the formation of powder particles from precursor droplets in a plasma flow field","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Canada Research Chairs; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Mechanics; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics","score_opus":0.006726279231009051,"score_gpt":0.23360042504707534,"score_spread":0.2268741458160663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413914900","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.98821837,0.00017413692,0.008707942,0.00008107515,0.000021173675,0.000053984884,0.00009355173,0.00009473504,0.002554944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939667,0.00006966176,0.005239105,0.000009617535,0.000008402135,0.000019636751,0.000048339884,0.000012243306,0.0006262006],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998379,0.000018128312,0.000007190837,0.00002974057,0.000084418614,0.0000226608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995252,0.00029191782,0.00004954561,0.000044461984,0.000066888715,0.000022027056],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031374983,0.00017447062,0.00033151777,0.00023702953,0.00043783788,0.00043689212,0.00039188165,0.00050352345,0.0013022895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009243296,0.00018647844,0.00021077108,0.0002381059,0.0006372626,0.00056752336,0.00030153635,0.00051568187,0.00011843757],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003747293,0.00020941343,0.0016302549,0.00011754661,0.000009846628,0.00016998261,0.00013154592,0.007689202,0.98239833,0.0013543429,0.00015760362,0.0057571204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00014867273,0.0006937222,0.007033396,0.000007193166,0.000012470933,0.00023392378,0.000108288856,0.1638415,0.82652706,0.0004179108,0.0009527884,0.000023024651],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006928335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036755504,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0013022895,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003139533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00023210872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0043566227},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413960707","doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-4775-0_54","title":"Shape Characterisation of Curved Incident Shock Waves in Axisymmetric Ring Intakes with Curvature","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Rotational symmetry; Curvature; Shock wave; Geometry; Mechanics; Ring (chemistry); Shock (circulatory); Physics; Geology; Mathematics; Chemistry; Medicine; Internal medicine","score_opus":0.011231236305755496,"score_gpt":0.20898482182295317,"score_spread":0.19775358551719768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4413960707","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.84177774,0.00028436288,0.14360479,0.000057845093,0.000024005993,0.00006558284,0.00022753717,0.0003526723,0.013605576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98233896,0.00011201438,0.012783615,0.0000148427425,0.000005098506,0.0000148162535,0.00020308752,0.0000878429,0.00443964],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998042,0.000022517172,0.000006334129,0.00003467576,0.00010557568,0.000026672513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943966,0.0001521641,0.000070649054,0.00010305241,0.0001941583,0.00004031382],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031937863,0.00027704242,0.00040154686,0.00062970666,0.00028381625,0.0010768833,0.0008249863,0.00048318907,0.0018701908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000976643,0.0002693271,0.0002853718,0.0005392488,0.0006161504,0.0005339554,0.0005933181,0.00045294577,0.00045112826],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0022353537,0.00025752222,0.014006506,0.00021742865,0.00003734773,0.0006969956,0.0012478466,0.14845741,0.6939961,0.014731307,0.0014646169,0.12265164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000026015776,0.00050095306,0.035384554,0.000030383862,0.000018916178,0.0005854976,0.0007419839,0.75738436,0.19869113,0.004455076,0.0021007303,0.00008041672],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008320374,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00072123314,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0018701908,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005523631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002196625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0062564015},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414163045","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138362","title":"Experimental investigation of spontaneously condensed nitrogen droplets in a Laval nozzle","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nozzle; Liquid nitrogen; Condensation; Nitrogen; TRACER; Flow visualization; Cryogenics","score_opus":0.005879571967725223,"score_gpt":0.21194710833413852,"score_spread":0.20606753636641328,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4414163045","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99783355,0.000085302665,0.0005888528,0.000030309333,0.000008935189,0.00001744946,0.00006704153,0.000015565467,0.001353053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99854773,0.000053446256,0.0006328919,0.000009881436,0.000005700053,0.000008139061,0.00006234298,0.000011333142,0.00066833093],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9997038,0.00003955373,0.000013091741,0.00007558828,0.000106330954,0.0000616305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995284,0.00024918967,0.00006244898,0.000050736006,0.00007229411,0.00003690324],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004069531,0.00024604957,0.0003943011,0.00019363662,0.0008006857,0.0004371096,0.000680783,0.0006250148,0.0019010213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007379871,0.00016751101,0.00022398627,0.00020367034,0.0010782486,0.0006876355,0.00069832586,0.000528884,0.00014852233],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008254235,0.00013306651,0.0025198422,0.00008147119,0.000014360455,0.00063250185,0.00041789358,0.00068187603,0.99239326,0.0007464344,0.000086701315,0.001467267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012226013,0.0011589965,0.010130783,0.000010272566,0.000013034949,0.00032343276,0.00028709974,0.008064299,0.9783723,0.00017319078,0.0013248721,0.000019516396],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0015813909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0010737476,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0019010213,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000566323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00031742768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006359577},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415321112","doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-4767-5_39","title":"Shock Waves Interaction with Polydispersed Particle Cloud: Mitigation Effects and Topological Heterogeneity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Shock wave; Dispersion (optics); Attenuation; Shock (circulatory); Cloud computing; Particle (ecology); Topology (electrical circuits); Network topology","score_opus":0.008468303979524184,"score_gpt":0.22453558618460523,"score_spread":0.21606728220508103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415321112","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.5305716,0.007997955,0.32335162,0.0012126206,0.0014534747,0.00011545702,0.00020244834,0.00066152465,0.13443331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9531202,0.0019375132,0.009433692,0.00013670245,0.00021465927,0.000028918072,0.00011651105,0.00011011242,0.034901805],"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999324,0.000008483849,0.0000018542321,0.000013696713,0.000025214535,0.000018285573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999219,0.00003054537,0.000011473494,0.00001203582,0.000011704275,0.000012363474],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008156621,0.0003205662,0.0003978522,0.00031440228,0.000410625,0.0011248726,0.0005602401,0.000466875,0.0026569054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00024215317,0.00017003137,0.00028385685,0.0003592236,0.00045934092,0.00077959785,0.000959997,0.0005666604,0.00037360398],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00046192654,0.00027422377,0.0034087643,0.00050860696,0.00013851732,0.002289226,0.00043472144,0.29011568,0.22561663,0.35124254,0.012465216,0.11304395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004858217,0.00016199556,0.0050928416,0.000038207636,0.00005744399,0.0008551123,0.0003311833,0.830771,0.05941434,0.08408308,0.019087067,0.000059143866],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00037027607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029262726,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0026569054,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003080783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00014625852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008888245},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4415472467","doi":"10.35294/ls2025-03-hassan","title":"Best practices for experimental characterization of FIV in multiphase flows in bundle geometries","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"book-chapter","venue":"von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics eBooks","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Bundle; Best practice; Field (mathematics); Component (thermodynamics)","score_opus":0.040668959492157854,"score_gpt":0.30414001613480784,"score_spread":0.26347105664264997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4415472467","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017462963,0.0042634527,0.9267904,0.0006074753,0.00046978577,0.00041755626,0.001969496,0.0065195835,0.041499306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.13316755,0.004729489,0.8369013,0.0003393399,0.00015908956,0.0015686632,0.0037195692,0.0028099807,0.016604988],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9954751,0.0007756047,0.0002876774,0.00083672727,0.002360601,0.00026434992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99254006,0.0014030004,0.00031022952,0.0037647819,0.0018338932,0.00014811044],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0044264044,0.0018485571,0.0010339648,0.004318834,0.002130127,0.0027647312,0.004363739,0.0026237248,0.020017281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0066096704,0.0014511606,0.0007759665,0.0029754555,0.002469129,0.004954068,0.0025967997,0.00278969,0.010602074],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019653897,0.0007109055,0.0016771548,0.0013576432,0.000087727574,0.0003307626,0.0008950931,0.006276619,0.6067245,0.06494018,0.021386605,0.29541638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000037726848,0.0002973442,0.0018696424,0.0003578098,0.000046487738,0.0008614347,0.00028795746,0.017113222,0.8443797,0.028117469,0.10648125,0.00014986488],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007786742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011836456,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.020017281,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010959081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00060258585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06696451},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417464749","doi":"10.33774/coe-2025-95gfz","title":"Mathematical Modelling of Deposition and Erosion of Particles in Pipes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"University of Bristol; Division of Mathematical Sciences; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; International Centre for Mathematical Sciences; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Clogging; Deposition (geology); Erosion; Work (physics); Particle (ecology); Turbulence; Flow (mathematics); Particle deposition","score_opus":0.01432541677677922,"score_gpt":0.22301681614051974,"score_spread":0.2086913993637405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W4417464749","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.07273596,0.0037853327,0.8686793,0.0028593184,0.00035628545,0.00017628614,0.0008598783,0.00031287764,0.050234817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.83521,0.004232095,0.087193616,0.0004665825,0.000355342,0.00069133216,0.00066462706,0.0002435171,0.07094282],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99970335,0.000073845345,0.000022896518,0.00006394818,0.00008854912,0.00004740334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99931586,0.00033639048,0.00013971716,0.00003288386,0.00012262545,0.000052549665],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006749868,0.001125964,0.00090069685,0.0010690703,0.0007879775,0.0019348899,0.001494234,0.0031665044,0.002888861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0021949993,0.000710708,0.0011210953,0.00088797125,0.00178101,0.002054938,0.0015964577,0.0012633187,0.0006169234],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002137743,0.00002469545,0.0004745358,0.00008827434,0.000014821221,0.00016915076,0.00011609033,0.88560206,0.0030623523,0.1075773,0.0008498349,0.001999567],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008547507,0.000012226096,0.00012319243,0.000009434224,0.0000040780224,0.00003363663,0.0000152254925,0.9870455,0.00018696758,0.011006101,0.0015472393,0.000007837725],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008593339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003000442,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008593339,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001569286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011665457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.017086685},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W587265513","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2015.04.016","title":"Measurements and modeling of instantaneous particle orientation within abrasive air jets and implications for particle embedding","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wear","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Nozzle; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Shadowgraphy; Abrasive; Orientation (vector space); Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Particle velocity; Particle size; Optics; Composite material; Physics; Geometry; Laser; Thermodynamics","score_opus":0.07899318901827174,"score_gpt":0.31089409309067056,"score_spread":0.23190090407239883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W587265513","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600107,0.000178121,0.03874537,0.00002333925,0.000022859185,0.000011853478,0.000077220706,0.00021910072,0.00071148557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967158,0.000042600444,0.0030581965,0.000002172406,0.0000019669205,0.0000028321522,0.000035483245,0.000013411231,0.00012746047],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99971837,0.000025271192,0.000013860829,0.000078969955,0.00013403976,0.00002950723],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994375,0.00016898905,0.0000851632,0.00011060757,0.0001605356,0.0000371727],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00042986873,0.00028511943,0.00029329286,0.00041148998,0.00037928528,0.0008925862,0.00050888164,0.00039744264,0.00039837294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0010628626,0.00025762492,0.00020801515,0.0003280781,0.0003191254,0.00062377134,0.00021782149,0.00044277846,0.00016530375],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000468992,0.0002736451,0.041148078,0.0000895688,0.000017735205,0.00014266078,0.00032094176,0.029567197,0.88882804,0.0009092708,0.00019700917,0.038036928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000027032514,0.00048446158,0.06883801,0.00001110711,0.000031990905,0.00032556214,0.00027599026,0.33534652,0.5924525,0.00048263796,0.0016662225,0.000057866368],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001393807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0014788306,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001393807,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00040943315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00024541837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0029706955},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W591835019","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2015.04.048","title":"Eulerian–Lagrangian modeling of solid particle behavior in a square cavity with several pairs of heaters and coolers inside","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; Impact; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Heat transfer; Buoyancy; Particle deposition; Thermophoresis; Materials science; Natural convection; Drag; Rayleigh number; Thermodynamics; Classical mechanics; Turbulence; Physics; Nanofluid","score_opus":0.018689815907928037,"score_gpt":0.23565227149745188,"score_spread":0.21696245558952384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W591835019","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.8162544,0.00023073943,0.15058278,0.00058952346,0.000086794316,0.000078660116,0.0002919227,0.0004303516,0.03145487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855994,0.00006565418,0.009527249,0.00003942639,0.000013463856,0.000038310212,0.00007747604,0.000052114057,0.004586947],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998534,0.000033790115,0.000007311298,0.0000305059,0.000033875647,0.00004115911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996232,0.00014762978,0.000064171894,0.000035464203,0.00005830204,0.00007114503],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00031793953,0.0004137687,0.0006540362,0.00035914467,0.0008679037,0.0009422842,0.001220364,0.0018842196,0.0025031893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009071969,0.00063520035,0.00061697426,0.00036129387,0.0015975739,0.0009019623,0.0009006235,0.00062443817,0.0002884007],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000032149877,0.000029172666,0.00058381207,0.000009971933,0.0000061498836,0.00007680609,0.000024995,0.99409664,0.001834644,0.0025492567,0.000083380655,0.0006730185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006431201,0.000006901626,0.0001226617,7.9238197e-7,0.0000012191101,0.0000044846306,0.0000061051737,0.9994541,0.00020110946,0.00013270637,0.00006096885,0.0000025185377],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.019577552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0072844317,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.019577552,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009550096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0016197014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038927197},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6902359002","doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.27199999","title":"Additional file 1 of The relationship between repeated measurements of HbA1c and risk of coronary events among the common haptoglobin phenotype groups: the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Diabetes mellitus; Haptoglobin; Action (physics); Phenotype; Incidence (geometry); Population; Disease","score_opus":0.08125302255676164,"score_gpt":0.3207386787705917,"score_spread":0.23948565621383006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6902359002","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008290324,0.00005695346,0.0002914217,0.000101337726,0.000032126853,0.00011063493,0.9976913,0.000115727125,0.0007715977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.046970937,0.00057137705,0.007871213,0.0015612263,0.00041928046,0.0065678763,0.91551656,0.0007556815,0.019765854],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9991528,0.00020360875,0.00017161098,0.00023274079,0.000116236246,0.00012298604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.97386044,0.020411143,0.002084607,0.0011712984,0.0017799753,0.0006925469],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0017116357,0.0012932725,0.0022185673,0.0018601922,0.0010262448,0.0014462308,0.0021832276,0.001594451,0.8083384],"category_scores_gemma":[0.033928927,0.00090471044,0.0014749469,0.0036853116,0.00029459008,0.0016535895,0.00097319,0.0011716171,0.08946741],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0017187633,0.00048040505,0.020159831,0.006494161,0.0004760019,0.00017814188,0.00018378478,0.00087418495,0.00013529668,0.0017921157,0.94867235,0.01883485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.044721525,0.0027144034,0.3158452,0.011387735,0.0026446977,0.0035304162,0.0019661281,0.009414546,0.001195449,0.034422185,0.57145864,0.00069911306],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012943754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013287741,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8083384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007672386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0015795759,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.27338195},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6925373411","doi":"10.17895/ices.pub.25636536.v1","title":"Interannual Variations In The Stratification And Transport Of The Labrador Current On The Newfoundland Shelf","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Open MIND","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stratification (seeds); North Atlantic oscillation; Baroclinity; Geostrophic wind; Current (fluid); Geostrophic current; Halocline; Transect","score_opus":0.02284135897284279,"score_gpt":0.2712630942303704,"score_spread":0.24842173525752764,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6925373411","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99599755,0.00016098154,0.000058959362,0.00008928045,0.000008619946,0.000002734729,0.0017854421,0.000014869834,0.0018815472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953393,0.0001693103,0.00007556371,0.000023012335,0.000004696945,0.0000041478274,0.001539705,0.000006216753,0.002838126],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9999176,0.000006072182,0.000006777749,0.00002082911,0.000016098329,0.000032561446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995913,0.000050199553,0.00012961861,0.000025043862,0.00014674329,0.000057174842],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00018263147,0.000093950395,0.00009253771,0.0006503657,0.0003079312,0.00056910695,0.00018594276,0.00011696305,0.0017159602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00047930842,0.00008295526,0.0001333526,0.0006639292,0.00017212702,0.00023327438,0.00025525843,0.00015311966,0.00025348243],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000057218487,0.000018805507,0.9847438,0.000017336644,0.000077501114,0.00009316041,0.00041776474,0.00067018013,0.0014961794,0.00007951686,0.0022710334,0.010057492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.554177e-7,0.0000023242044,0.99926406,0.00000252844,0.000003753697,0.000005294692,0.00007760456,0.00011748744,0.000039723906,0.0000023655698,0.00048326867,0.0000011445486],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6844484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8447685,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.31555158,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0030684287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011338044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.63481987},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6959663851","doi":"10.1163/156856108x39","title":"REMOVING 20 NM PARTICLES USING A SUPERSONIC ARGON PARTICLE BEAM GENERATED WITH A CONTOURED LAVAL NOZZLE","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Particle (ecology); Beam (structure); Particle beam; Particle size; Supersonic speed; Stagnation pressure","score_opus":0.027546512002625957,"score_gpt":0.2519754055799227,"score_spread":0.22442889357729676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6959663851","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9089437,0.00082565495,0.08064753,0.00019594966,0.00016784247,0.00025111818,0.0004218527,0.0010006321,0.007545654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.89258146,0.00054075435,0.10084736,0.00019164395,0.000018949822,0.00019696083,0.00048766777,0.00021480797,0.0049204845],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99976844,0.000013267577,0.000015132134,0.000044314973,0.00012259117,0.000036217356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977785,0.000069593276,0.00005075486,0.000032672502,0.00005003751,0.000019104433],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050908956,0.00031934117,0.00037491246,0.0003309901,0.00035708005,0.00043364556,0.0004589002,0.0006338469,0.0016504162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003703112,0.00023479217,0.00035268968,0.00024299687,0.00035850823,0.00038885413,0.00043015013,0.0005330195,0.00041913975],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006513722,0.000026559512,0.00029547856,0.000055611883,0.000006066053,0.00006317272,0.00008992237,0.001154287,0.9931825,0.0005816945,0.0003324015,0.004147248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000342316,0.00011404018,0.0009065616,0.000005088617,0.0000067161673,0.000055566605,0.000018269358,0.0069485195,0.98736495,0.000064719745,0.004469808,0.0000114362165],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0012973561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0015423688,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0016504162,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004413251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004147253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005521238},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6999248569","doi":"","title":"Combining a level-set method and a stabilized P1/P1 formulation for coupling transient Stokes-Darcy flows: application to particle deposition growth in suspension filtration","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":true,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"Safran Electronics (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Filtration (mathematics); Transient (computer programming); Suspension (topology); Coupling (piping); Deposition (geology); Particle (ecology)","score_opus":0.025350650848662032,"score_gpt":0.2658523481928111,"score_spread":0.24050169734414908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W6999248569","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.017587647,0.00011715685,0.9771764,0.00022715089,0.00012274807,0.00015184244,0.000052173848,0.00037819092,0.004186693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.37672466,0.00032893222,0.6101597,0.0003152276,0.00014475439,0.0008434552,0.0002521954,0.0007767232,0.0104543315],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99960274,0.00015340214,0.000027908249,0.000051167488,0.0001271049,0.00003768708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988721,0.00063649093,0.0000805762,0.000070587725,0.0002467278,0.000093506234],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016492617,0.0012782192,0.0011663046,0.00087731105,0.00093347393,0.001664566,0.0018386757,0.003473337,0.0035672346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002376502,0.00072966464,0.0012365804,0.00075777946,0.00096868817,0.0012532221,0.0017186105,0.0020943466,0.00079491216],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009837271,0.0002922263,0.0005522676,0.00021733715,0.000049446742,0.00018560761,0.0001084417,0.92058927,0.012341203,0.028914835,0.0012759296,0.035375107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000043368645,0.000009796792,0.000017650109,0.0000027252204,0.000002017347,0.000004543596,0.0000026463815,0.9986185,0.00053360715,0.00059882883,0.00020172009,0.000003572191],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0059537385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0042529367,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0059537385,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009516353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0019623805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.011933625},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7010432936","doi":"","title":"Impacts of turbulence on cloud microphysics and warm-rain initiation","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"eScholarship@McGill (McGill)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Western Canada Research Grid; Compute Canada; McGill University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université de Sherbrooke; Ministère de l'Économie, de la Science et de l'Innovation - Québec; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Turbulence; Reynolds number; Range (aeronautics); Numerical weather prediction; Domain (mathematical analysis); Cloud computing; Computational fluid dynamics; Direct numerical simulation","score_opus":0.010733709029955147,"score_gpt":0.23032332181672643,"score_spread":0.21958961278677128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7010432936","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956468,0.00022126261,0.0003175046,0.0001156124,0.000014802027,0.000010305561,0.000122786,0.000013690696,0.0035372437],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991542,0.00012539336,0.000066785375,0.000008964036,0.000007240989,0.0000024862693,0.000056967063,0.000005311841,0.0005726504],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998055,0.000027038477,0.000008680194,0.00002913231,0.00003206575,0.0000975753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99943954,0.00020038057,0.00012550408,0.000026901853,0.00005233859,0.00015534944],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032546843,0.00018147242,0.00020952999,0.0002526081,0.0004945068,0.0013916946,0.00020439735,0.00024159186,0.0026420788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013859484,0.00011084918,0.00030568798,0.00023486672,0.00033719445,0.00040161327,0.00065533863,0.0004493182,0.00036470217],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.001612839,0.0010526638,0.8000372,0.00023341755,0.00027231433,0.0008499498,0.0008847562,0.037963055,0.09329114,0.011844446,0.0019114581,0.050046828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000012341105,0.00018759926,0.9754621,0.00002893564,0.000045524666,0.000047755464,0.0006391138,0.014896789,0.006827132,0.0011070579,0.00072563905,0.000020084482],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008046939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008239608,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008046939,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007398475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009968585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016000152},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7010778119","doi":"","title":"Investir dans l'apprentissage : le rôle des universités canadiennes dans un renouveau économique : rapport final /","year":2015,"lang":"fr","type":"other","venue":"Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Subject (documents); Term (time); Order (exchange)","score_opus":0.016660816699701292,"score_gpt":0.19201133203448087,"score_spread":0.17535051533477958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7010778119","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.095922336,0.08805351,0.0025028836,0.32023853,0.0035117157,0.000121993304,0.01126887,0.00033251997,0.4780477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4617572,0.041955013,0.0027506843,0.008826849,0.0009298965,0.000093590126,0.0025252786,0.00019493305,0.48096663],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99811184,0.00024122754,0.00004710031,0.00015424595,0.0008255424,0.00062007713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952968,0.0006045522,0.00030851836,0.00016112775,0.0024672162,0.0011618725],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002478579,0.0005289135,0.00043928917,0.0031656676,0.0046202918,0.009983202,0.0011336802,0.002035122,0.03191457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005043114,0.00025810188,0.0004207745,0.0072005847,0.0021350079,0.0032542588,0.0015628828,0.0026053998,0.0018410656],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001649818,0.00014682239,0.036015194,0.0006304725,0.00006512093,0.0003041056,0.00504639,0.0012928298,0.00046114082,0.19255497,0.57760847,0.18570943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000021454358,0.000020677682,0.09502837,0.0008173956,0.000049548522,0.00008600579,0.006004799,0.00083685416,0.0007198423,0.0044996864,0.89185065,0.00006468388],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9728162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.98617107,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.92216384,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.077836186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.103834994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5647437},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7015041311","doi":"","title":"RISKS OF POLLUTION FROM CORPUSCOLAR PARTICLES IN A QUARTER HORSES REARING FACILITY","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Pollution; Population; Air pollution; Environmental pollution; Pollution prevention","score_opus":0.07274912461393077,"score_gpt":0.27954712690580646,"score_spread":0.2067980022918757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7015041311","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997136,0.000009493867,0.000034454508,0.00001648204,0.0000013100854,0.0000049050373,0.000021623782,0.0000017612255,0.00019628527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999255,0.000030656596,0.000054181284,0.000010159781,0.0000018954803,0.000004359203,0.000034476852,9.521407e-7,0.00060834346],"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9996705,0.00006644599,0.000018921108,0.00005150192,0.00006426974,0.00012842045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997025,0.00004997413,0.000055131775,0.000013051732,0.00006461381,0.00011465568],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00027773186,0.00040355654,0.00021157408,0.0007236342,0.001978255,0.00065014354,0.00047596544,0.0012966575,0.001425216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00042659827,0.00028888063,0.0003753704,0.00032462645,0.00039829925,0.00030776067,0.0006279255,0.0004384916,0.00028646653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011509834,0.0011660276,0.97246957,0.000025823274,0.000065883454,0.007486657,0.0031023915,0.0007240628,0.007833523,0.00010369144,0.00040013192,0.005471215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000014254118,0.0033831215,0.9800055,0.000018617277,0.000064758584,0.0019550803,0.009910119,0.0015885499,0.0024207092,0.00010513401,0.00050541724,0.000028737133],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.045830823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.048936848,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.045830823,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0011719402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006078372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09112811},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7022301442","doi":"","title":"Toledo, Ohio","year":2012,"lang":"it","type":"other","venue":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Summit; Work (physics); Period (music); George (robot)","score_opus":0.007896777272106035,"score_gpt":0.1933043679990178,"score_spread":0.18540759072691176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7022301442","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.0016130571,0.0012648666,0.0005563253,0.0011847285,0.0012946934,0.000059405913,0.0042946213,0.00053535483,0.98919696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004260262,0.001030125,0.00039955217,0.00022509709,0.000124656,0.00003880446,0.0014385366,0.00023132951,0.9922516],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9992422,0.000046417957,0.000027943452,0.00030689102,0.00027657923,0.000099881516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914896,0.00012597944,0.000058517584,0.00011114423,0.00027082785,0.00028456937],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004193732,0.0016138287,0.0006724345,0.0012320535,0.0042869905,0.006541827,0.0010564926,0.0017661822,0.8192838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0012651827,0.0005699405,0.00056503894,0.0018359988,0.0008173823,0.0024628334,0.0025921615,0.0023335568,0.52938604],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002346485,0.0002473032,0.0018893912,0.0002676789,0.000016416285,0.0006125485,0.00038570527,0.000255354,0.0013786363,0.011477307,0.78912866,0.1941064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002014828,0.000023077306,0.0015578973,0.000108351276,0.000004896994,0.000091985385,0.00023285746,0.00010940613,0.00018913097,0.00072532916,0.9969279,0.00000901288],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.012765141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.042420745,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18071622,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001785484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002571438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.25776976},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7023532982","doi":"","title":"Enlichenment","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"York University Digital Library (York University)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Exhibition; Metaphor; Situated; Meaning (existential); Sense of place; Human life","score_opus":0.005439576055936404,"score_gpt":0.14033296378449298,"score_spread":0.13489338772855658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7023532982","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.011740898,0.0010064761,0.0018644757,0.008476276,0.0038771091,0.00016305098,0.0018346683,0.0007481443,0.9702889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0077913925,0.0002206776,0.0003521394,0.00025588507,0.00012989606,0.000030634645,0.00029321926,0.00015834293,0.9907678],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99896157,0.00015036456,0.000027055308,0.00014757356,0.00044458237,0.00026895182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852055,0.00010018474,0.000048474732,0.00016968403,0.00032682915,0.00083423493],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0010647319,0.000791102,0.00039732142,0.0011825592,0.0064800307,0.005006632,0.0010036908,0.001145078,0.4308385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0023394735,0.000317046,0.0004016939,0.0007523165,0.0013181607,0.002523795,0.006685482,0.0021988393,0.11507557],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105182524,0.000074683514,0.0010492154,0.00008615964,0.0000041192598,0.0004201557,0.0042432076,0.00007925151,0.00081540894,0.025862478,0.8931163,0.07414391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000010509788,0.000006138135,0.00035415695,0.000015534066,3.5320136e-7,0.000048095757,0.0006568023,0.0000137897605,0.00008266892,0.0001711325,0.99864715,0.0000031548511],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.015110051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0801429,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.56916153,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029934878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0025600295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8118398},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7024758960","doi":"","title":"Theorica Pantegni . Transcription of the Helsinki manuscript (Codex EÖ.II.14)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Doria (University of Helsinki)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Eleventh; Parchment; Transcription (linguistics); Quarter (Canadian coin); National library","score_opus":0.020296195993436728,"score_gpt":0.15824269883718298,"score_spread":0.13794650284374624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7024758960","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.005081884,0.032028187,0.01591771,0.03973789,0.08617028,0.0010784662,0.102130726,0.0029068287,0.71494794],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04878383,0.013625195,0.013331716,0.0058538145,0.014547712,0.0019282735,0.06306713,0.004330904,0.8345314],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.9993512,0.00013547768,0.000073789415,0.00015017494,0.00024069032,0.00004879448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99786633,0.00080206303,0.00015416463,0.00014188963,0.0009219569,0.000113624235],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009403814,0.0012834674,0.0004394117,0.0024634781,0.0014513286,0.0027237467,0.0008960894,0.0009954779,0.18796282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0051604556,0.0004063313,0.0003393141,0.0023861863,0.0009933085,0.0018084628,0.0012698584,0.0015267943,0.12886281],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006575473,0.000016492431,0.00014252587,0.0005904956,0.0000029001444,0.0001136647,0.0008984491,0.00008488836,0.0004909765,0.017395252,0.95065033,0.029548228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008988598,0.000009895201,0.000645656,0.00030984054,0.0000014654225,0.00008194938,0.00035035363,0.000044912693,0.00029851543,0.0020813975,0.9961592,0.00000785458],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0034991645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0033413076,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.18796282,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0026002799,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0026214872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.62879825},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7025114336","doi":"","title":"Trisura Group Reports Fourth Quarter and 2017 Annual Results","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Group (periodic table); Population; Incidence (geometry)","score_opus":0.0077030509963050865,"score_gpt":0.22253205498713205,"score_spread":0.21482900399082697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7025114336","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.00188624,0.00078027806,0.0048652524,0.006117179,0.015301059,0.00043758404,0.022132475,0.009086667,0.93939316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00460046,0.0005369112,0.0021201964,0.00055811135,0.0013837056,0.00017141773,0.01596271,0.00285965,0.9718069],"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","domain_scores_codex":[0.99576366,0.00032419077,0.00010386771,0.00036150592,0.0027553535,0.000691364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9908222,0.0005575591,0.0002329117,0.0017911542,0.00426168,0.0023344131],"candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004012139,0.0023569793,0.0014497519,0.0056471247,0.0024526839,0.009079647,0.0027152668,0.0020875996,0.62389374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008550469,0.00048785083,0.0015252308,0.003083956,0.0010104404,0.0037052666,0.004514897,0.0028243286,0.5981632],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005541503,0.00010134654,0.00019782395,0.000051313265,0.0000054153616,0.000025693864,0.000009804336,0.00017292137,0.00016167076,0.0027210112,0.96692467,0.029572973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000035258025,0.0000361001,0.0005299713,0.000053826192,0.0000091759475,0.000028806991,0.000039303584,0.00068123883,0.0011246493,0.0034928243,0.9939547,0.0000140237635],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004637473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009167301,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.62389374,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0029831962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0054232925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.53646994},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7033794016","doi":"","title":"Safety And Immunogenicity Of Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (Onrab) In The First Us Field Trial In Raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Rabies; Immunogenicity; Rabies vaccine; Enzootic; Rabies virus; Vaccination; Outbreak; Field trial","score_opus":0.0050012729292201056,"score_gpt":0.1685367639783792,"score_spread":0.16353549104915907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7033794016","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99842924,0.000099085184,0.00008954197,0.000055753608,0.000011948941,0.0005668033,0.00018508003,0.000008651298,0.0005539023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99707913,0.00016465175,0.00046536778,0.00014768764,0.000019978277,0.00049663376,0.00047176983,0.0000058230444,0.001148998],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.9987986,0.0005167197,0.00004131714,0.00020216173,0.00021137587,0.00022981445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99865973,0.00016097969,0.00036918087,0.00008761049,0.00035852432,0.00036396855],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0018176092,0.0008518634,0.000615329,0.0002171896,0.00075833965,0.0004586549,0.0006766771,0.0006705419,0.0007848013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0014747671,0.00034707505,0.00044140013,0.00018999602,0.0006682303,0.00034623462,0.00019903448,0.0007917254,0.00015577383],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.252546,0.09131518,0.12139889,0.0009493721,0.0010582197,0.00051161234,0.0041039516,0.0045351116,0.41822445,0.00051383144,0.006110117,0.09873329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.015929267,0.77234954,0.15247801,0.00006869765,0.00042264204,0.0002207573,0.00049810304,0.002294497,0.049329665,0.00010463109,0.006253549,0.000050642153],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.122268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.22997867,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.877732,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00526399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044830996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.24311262},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7034636202","doi":"","title":"Ultra high-resolution 3D laser color imaging of paintings: the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NPARC","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"3d scanning; Painting; Laser scanning; 3d model; Research council","score_opus":0.005826019709870859,"score_gpt":0.20928924310354216,"score_spread":0.2034632233936713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7034636202","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.34655002,0.04224294,0.4389951,0.018370828,0.0015819457,0.0001571385,0.0008459498,0.004028637,0.14722738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6251602,0.010588519,0.2652014,0.00065728213,0.00020929589,0.0000646793,0.00022927871,0.00043525893,0.097454116],"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","domain_scores_codex":[0.99983895,0.000027917828,0.0000028882275,0.000042388234,0.00007147591,0.000016346889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998692,0.000035707228,0.0000096975755,0.000022737582,0.000041461895,0.00002112277],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050293823,0.0002901993,0.00016728371,0.00073447207,0.00060933165,0.0008165801,0.0003195705,0.00035397965,0.0016008943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050374906,0.00029701652,0.00019187115,0.00036578265,0.00059439044,0.0005748996,0.00063341757,0.000805411,0.00040233388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003493636,0.000048669546,0.006021134,0.00042325928,0.00006862504,0.0009070704,0.0022443281,0.01570166,0.35840437,0.070799515,0.04174939,0.5032826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001740839,0.00015012818,0.02656114,0.00024387459,0.000034418423,0.003063966,0.0005688702,0.07633003,0.13733298,0.008316433,0.747201,0.00017963108],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007206379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.013445815,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007206379,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001010878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006685998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.014328897},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7038025676","doi":"","title":"Formation of roll waves in laminar street flow","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Collections of Colorado (Colorado State University)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agricultural Research Service; Colorado State University; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"","score_opus":0.007063627269752396,"score_gpt":0.1680223492504604,"score_spread":0.16095872198070799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7038025676","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.95436794,0.00017716036,0.028562147,0.0002595723,0.00009474503,0.000054277614,0.00009430521,0.00036222072,0.01602749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99544525,0.00003675417,0.0016739749,0.000028409278,0.00001540609,0.0000092549135,0.00005344748,0.00002468488,0.0027127746],"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99990404,0.000016748885,0.0000032358748,0.000012432278,0.000024215033,0.000039341518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997309,0.000050956514,0.000042538053,0.000024124893,0.000048797752,0.00010274129],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00016047726,0.00026576768,0.00041310457,0.00089318387,0.0009605409,0.0015928806,0.00027228153,0.00054121634,0.0021431004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006718164,0.00032301398,0.00028161114,0.00024646492,0.0010646862,0.00071370864,0.0007576427,0.0005966167,0.00035222835],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0026351018,0.0009875941,0.03437823,0.00020910149,0.00014175581,0.0046923,0.0034005938,0.21904765,0.3203963,0.31904215,0.014997793,0.08007155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00023975654,0.00046049128,0.023572234,0.000041627536,0.000047612553,0.0005965662,0.0011333639,0.8490464,0.060402364,0.06002326,0.004335125,0.000101194906],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0010259501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008285725,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021431004,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00044054224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00038919869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0071694255},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7043717457","doi":"","title":"Two-Fluid Modeling of Dilute and Dense Liquid-Particle Flows","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University Library (University of Saskatchewan)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Turbulence modeling; K-epsilon turbulence model; Context (archaeology); Solver; K-omega turbulence model; Multiphase flow; Flow (mathematics); Pipe flow","score_opus":0.007061086018945768,"score_gpt":0.1655404780097186,"score_spread":0.15847939199077285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7043717457","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.3720532,0.0009782084,0.59946287,0.00057812163,0.00023387847,0.00024456458,0.00046709608,0.00080207415,0.025180086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9281596,0.0005262455,0.06314669,0.0000724883,0.000041314164,0.00017575851,0.0003001317,0.00006155082,0.007516281],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998354,0.000034073233,0.000010049164,0.000032069678,0.00006225376,0.000026224927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99981433,0.000085430926,0.000025318537,0.000020406782,0.0000334611,0.000021139609],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002812398,0.0006065628,0.0006053229,0.0004955232,0.0005135848,0.0012163167,0.0009200379,0.0013650202,0.0011236533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009170194,0.00034500592,0.0006532267,0.00043168792,0.0006534396,0.00096709107,0.0009795135,0.0007897128,0.00021966605],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003149329,0.000060434006,0.0012606366,0.000051046365,0.000009864037,0.00013896685,0.000074913754,0.96386313,0.010073857,0.016315592,0.0003029745,0.007817006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000058946935,0.000008312834,0.00014844273,0.0000032621867,0.00000133281,0.0000105685385,0.000006606782,0.99731064,0.0009878475,0.00082360074,0.0006893094,0.00000418657],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0077756415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0034038674,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0077756415,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007759173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0010134618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01546073},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7093760413","doi":"","title":"3D-CFD-simulations of the gas-particle flow in a Laval nozzle to predict mechanical erosion","year":2019,"lang":"de","type":"dissertation","venue":"Digital Repository of the BTU Cottbus – Senftenberg (Brandenburg University of Technology)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nozzle; Flow (mathematics); Die (integrated circuit); Erosion; Lagrangian; Two-phase flow","score_opus":0.004507556910057325,"score_gpt":0.18426613305631442,"score_spread":0.1797585761462571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7093760413","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674054,0.00055481243,0.018759575,0.00029669862,0.00010747506,0.000106890984,0.0015403455,0.0008052854,0.010423578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984388,0.00018534495,0.012410869,0.000038598144,0.000010345551,0.00007978265,0.00061903853,0.00007346713,0.0021946016],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.999905,0.000021888085,0.000009364788,0.000014942186,0.000026486325,0.00002232773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994444,0.00033683714,0.00003628291,0.000028558548,0.00008600429,0.000067776346],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003253437,0.00046383066,0.00055100356,0.0005220487,0.0004769035,0.0010314422,0.0006027785,0.00126653,0.0024262355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00133656,0.00031746033,0.00065215334,0.0004287043,0.0003096673,0.00033869874,0.0004994036,0.00055940077,0.0003205674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009967235,0.00009111607,0.0047720624,0.00005502178,0.000020878457,0.00010174488,0.000056455545,0.98760706,0.0027708884,0.0005905721,0.00037480306,0.0034597844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000013776569,0.000018637456,0.0008123093,0.0000043155324,0.0000041082058,0.0000062264508,0.000008917227,0.99809533,0.00071940816,0.00008120354,0.00023210389,0.000003767479],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02773609,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01514319,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02773609,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00088405906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012302956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.055149317},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7114913719","doi":"10.11159/jffhmt.2025.044","title":"Study Of Turbulent Flow Behavior Over Four In-Line and Staggered Cylinders","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Flow Heat and Mass Transfer","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":false,"route_ca_venue":true,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Flow (mathematics); Turbulence; Cylinder; Work (physics); Noise (video)","score_opus":0.019225313334528104,"score_gpt":0.26103769129865756,"score_spread":0.24181237796412947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7114913719","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.99804604,0.000029980003,0.0014246112,0.000011585613,0.0000033437473,0.0000058457813,0.00003306193,0.000030959443,0.00041453016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980276,0.000017850047,0.001700737,0.000003182283,0.0000013138316,0.0000066048015,0.000051362094,0.000005002311,0.00018628775],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998159,0.000028411332,0.00001510383,0.00003919728,0.000048295482,0.00005308568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99945706,0.0001649818,0.00011270294,0.00006356916,0.00009820399,0.00010352377],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00025943166,0.00037442867,0.0005807575,0.0006236085,0.00050309766,0.0005804465,0.00047727773,0.0005593867,0.000859753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007429761,0.0001808761,0.0003381836,0.0005408172,0.0007260297,0.00035347347,0.0003390486,0.00026118883,0.00010475074],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.0012406885,0.00043469106,0.019265316,0.00016815827,0.00012516677,0.0017245882,0.0005715977,0.64309233,0.31903994,0.0025002197,0.00035908044,0.01147816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007892826,0.0011694992,0.020808652,0.0000149953785,0.000051340106,0.0002658537,0.00027141746,0.9332078,0.04318335,0.0004411159,0.00044850176,0.00005845737],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0021836222,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0011389783,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0021836222,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00037642056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00039693603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0043418407},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7133039059","doi":"","title":"A computational analysis of high speed particle-laden flows","year":2002,"lang":"","type":"dissertation","venue":"TSpace","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Shroud; Nozzle; Supersonic speed; Coating; Flow (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Ceramic; Shock (circulatory)","score_opus":0.01836325542983718,"score_gpt":0.2960417020188905,"score_spread":0.27767844658905333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W7133039059","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.54316866,0.0013018354,0.39573345,0.0017339258,0.00036888287,0.00028965136,0.00062767405,0.00047007075,0.0563059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.92954344,0.00059238885,0.05675439,0.000108777065,0.00011803246,0.00025443983,0.00030451876,0.00009653505,0.0122274235],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.99982136,0.00004103183,0.000008640688,0.000026981208,0.00006690407,0.000035169196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995338,0.00029417456,0.000041229345,0.0000275669,0.00007077319,0.000032481374],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00040075657,0.00047472026,0.00061219564,0.000533586,0.0009973086,0.0015398535,0.000612936,0.0015536619,0.0018723069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0018157891,0.00036351572,0.0006823647,0.00039812885,0.001157595,0.00089743047,0.00076397014,0.0008355404,0.00022325538],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003443338,0.00003551882,0.000508862,0.00003276813,0.000009364029,0.00006722519,0.000033962024,0.9830661,0.0015230575,0.011005816,0.00026739785,0.0034154293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003592341,0.0000059868553,0.000106428466,0.0000020590005,9.976284e-7,0.000004544047,0.0000066545267,0.99863964,0.00014761045,0.00078469486,0.00029578467,0.000001949545],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007878966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030868778,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007878966,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007911236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014229816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.015666187},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W767250666","doi":"","title":"Particle subgrid scale modeling in large-eddy simulation of particle-laden turbulence","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"MacSphere (McMaster University)","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"route_ca_aff":false,"route_ca_fund":true,"route_ca_venue":false,"route_about_ca":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Turbulence; Large eddy simulation; Particle (ecology); Statistical physics; Scale (ratio); Physics; Turbulence modeling; Mechanics; Environmental science; Geology","score_opus":0.014103834983867249,"score_gpt":0.21060791900473558,"score_spread":0.19650408402086833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","prediction":{"id":"W767250666","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated","genre_scores_codex":[0.51447505,0.00028867784,0.4785022,0.0003157031,0.00008005056,0.00012465163,0.00017194773,0.0006098862,0.0054318244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9227062,0.00016186536,0.07526632,0.000044484925,0.000018889908,0.00008269427,0.00010945061,0.000049532002,0.0015605087],"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","domain_scores_codex":[0.9998903,0.000040412084,0.000008431872,0.000017646247,0.000030586383,0.000012514543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997284,0.00014780831,0.000036367917,0.000026655285,0.000033908196,0.000026859938],"candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00044888497,0.00032551837,0.0004335474,0.00021845732,0.00037111592,0.00075405993,0.00058592093,0.0007338763,0.00059665454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00088406116,0.00023681603,0.00038342425,0.00025860808,0.0004543787,0.0006761238,0.0005081558,0.0006258037,0.00012280626],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001845592,0.000027764918,0.0010741036,0.000011732919,0.000008725752,0.000021642547,0.000025248202,0.9918104,0.0018249769,0.0025413064,0.00009101613,0.0025447125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000022821753,0.0000039882057,0.00006459014,4.978408e-7,6.361187e-7,9.803932e-7,0.0000015258748,0.99951935,0.00018850381,0.00016046134,0.00005633878,8.7834957e-7],"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009737741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0060516847,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009737741,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005805032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00094510335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.019362092},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}